time life wild animals.pdf

8/10/2019 Time Life Wild Animals.pdf

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A Child's First Library of Learning

Wild Animals

TIME-LIFE BOOKS . ALEXANDRIA. VIRGINIA


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ComtcmtEs

\{hich Is the Fastest Animal? . . . . . . . . . 1Can A1l Animals Swim? .............. ..... . ......... ...6How Can Cheetahs Run So Fast? . .... -EWhy Do Tlgers Have St pes? ...........10Did You Know That X[ale Lions Don't Hunt? ...... .... ....12Why Do Elephants Live in Herds? ...... -....... ..........1'1why Don't Go uas Hunt Animals? . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . -16Did You Know That Pandas Are Very Tiny at Birth? ...................... -........18Is a Skunk's Terrible Smeli ReaLly Strong llnough Lo Protect It? ....... ...........20How Do Porcupines Protect Themselves? ....... ............22How Does an Eagle Catch Its Food? ............ ... . .....24Wly Does a Leopaxd Take lts Food up a Tree? ......... .. ... . ...... ..... 26How Does a Bear Catch a Salmon? - . . . . . . . . . . ... .. -..... . .28Do Killer Whales Really Attack Larger $hales? .. ................ ............30How Car Owls Catch Animals in the Dark? ................. ........ . ...... 32How Can Bats Catch Insects Even on the Darkest Night? ... . .............. .. .34How Does a Kingfisher Catch Its Food? ..... . ... ..... -...36How Do Polar Bears Live in a Land of Ice and Snortr? .... . ..38Why Do Rhinoceroses Have Horns? .. ...... ...... . . ..40Why Do Rattlesnakes Make a Rattling Sound?. ........ .. -.42' How Does a Scorpion Stingl ... .......41


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Which Is the Fastest Animal?The cheetah is the fastest landanimal. It can reach 70 miles (113km) per hour over short distances.Next fasteSt is the pronghorn with aspeed of 60 miles (97 km) per hour.The sloth, the slowest, can't standup so it has to drag itself along.

Sloth: One sixth mile(250 m) per hour

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Rhinoceros: 28 miles(45 km) per hour

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Bat: 15 miles(24 kn)per hour

Camel: 20 miles(32 km) per hour

Cat: 29 milbE(47 kn) per hour

Tortoiser'I io miles(3 km) per hour

Child: Sevenmiles (12 km) Iper hour

Ral: Six miles(10 km) per hour

Pig: 10 miles

(16 km) per hour

Panda: 25 miles(40 km) per hour

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Wild boar: 29 miles(47 km) per hourlephant: 24 miles

(39 km) pr hour

Sprinter: 25 miles(40 km) per hour


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For: 45 miles(72 km) per hour

Pronghom:60miles (97 km)Per hour

Lion:40miles (64 km)pr hour Cheetah: 70 miles

(113 km) per hour

'W'olf: 45 miles(72 km) per hour

Hor6e: 48 miles(77 km) per hour

iaffe: 85 miles6.km).per'hour

. To the Parent

The cheetah is the fasiest lrnd aninal.Eee iis iop speed is given as ?0 niles(113 }n) per hour, but urls may ,atr],someahat e.ordlng to the neth.d usdto neasse ltre Speed. Aninals do notrun at flrl speed orer a fixd disianceand tle circumstancs mder w]ti.h dreyrun varyi so no vdlid compa.ison nreallr be nade. Speeds shom he.e werere..r.l.d hv valions mthods and do noicon3tiiuie' an irreluiabLc comparison.

Ilqsr 4r. miles(66 km) per hour

Hare: 45 miles' (72 km) per hour


9/94

'ElCrr, All Animals Swim?

G"*i Most animals are good swimmers.In fact, thev can swim from thetime they're born. But some animalshave to be taught how to swim. Thisgroup includes people, gorillas andchimpanzees. Once people learn howto swim, they can swim for longdistances if they practice enough.

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Chimpanze


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a-r . ;)/1 ^lsffiJ lo Y6_;)B y.E// .(kd L,,,

Sea otter

Dog

Sloth

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ltulnlE beings mrsi iclr i. sr;m. lrumo3r other anln,ls L.e l r nirlr ilealiilil\. Tr,. h.dies l ali dima.s.inciud;ng |nm,tu. are raturalllnoJanr rith rnost a.imals ihe nosesiay: ahor. {aler. Thc deternines

rethcr i. nlr an arina can $vidr'lth.,nr having to l.am how. \'ithtleir ros above tI. {aief. io:raninals.a hr.aihe nalulzli,r asthey srini. Peotl and ap s. notrl'erEusr leam t. slim \iifioli takinF nrrarer thmugh lheir r.s. o. mourl.

Why Do People Have to Practice Swimming?

Almost all animalscan

float in the \\,ater so thattheir noses ilre above thesuriace. All thev ha\,e todo is moi e theil legsand thel"re sr-imming.But if hunun beings andchimpanzees let themsel\,esfloat, their nose starsbelorv the surface andthey can't breathe.

That's r,h)' r,ve haveto practice to s\\,im.


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ffiilluo* can cheetahs

The chectah's claws

o To the parent

Tne cne.tal. i nember ol the.at faril , pdsues its treJritil asi.nishi.g speed. Errr part ol tle .heeLah's hodlo*o ,t 1.- ,.n lirs spine. a.L,ara.tcristi. ol all fehrer, llavs u imp.rta.rparr in gi|irg th detair irs ebiLiJ ni .nn at gaeat speed.

Urnikc ihlie Dl nosr ol ih. cats. rhe (heetrlr s ch{s ca.n.tt,e retra.tcd ard are ahals e{osed Th cheeuh runs insprints and la.ks erdtrrance. F.r ihls .ea;on Lhe chetah

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lrellor no roe ihan ebout li00 leet

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,:i Ho$, a cheetah runs

Run So Fast?rrswrr Or.,'sho't disi;rnrps, rhe,'heetah i.

the la.te.-L arimal on lard. Tl echeetah's speed is due to the special1v2y il5 [6iy is buiLt. It has a softbaclibone that bends easily. Thatallou,s this big cat to spring lbrrvardin great 1eaps. Tl.re c}reetah also haslong thin clau,s on its feet. The1,rvork like spilies to grip the groundand help the cheetah inn r.erv fast.

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The .neet?-n c.ils lts bodr llle i rlrnrs.and ils hi.d less sile a r,.redul kick

Catching a gazelle. Aller a t.p iteed pLlrLrii.

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The cleer:lr nretclres oLrt lile a spdrg bei.s releasedsuddenlj. a.d jis b.dr lears rorlard ILLII)nr tle alr.

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A snrsle sprins mar- take it as tar :s 23 r'eel i? m). l\:her'i" " d -.r I rl s- .

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,ElWhy Do Tigers Have Stripes?6wwri) The stripes make the tiger

hard to see. Out in the openthe tiger's yellow and blackstripes are \.ery easy to see.But the tiger becomes harderto see u,hen it's in the bushesor among trees. Deer and otheranimals can't see colols verywell, so that makes it eveneasier for the tiger to hide.

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rhe eyes of a deer see onha llack and ,,r'hiie imagc.

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These Markings Are Hard for Other Animals to SeelVildcats and.jaguarslii.e in thick brush andgrass. This bnckgrounclcrestes a contl ast ofligtt antl sharlou s.\lilclcats ancl jagualshar.e ciarli markings on alighter backgloundill.rich cnahles them toblend in smoothly u.iththeir surrorurclings,making it difficult fortheii prey to see then1.Thel can then get closebelbre the1. r'e seen.

Some $eak animals that are oiten taryets

of attack b]' enemies have round, r.hitemarkings. These markings look like theround, white spots made nhen the sunshines througl the trees of the forest.The light and dark patches blend intothe backgTound so that the animal canavoid the eves of jts hungr\, enemles.

Ll summr deer hale s'hite spols.ln winter these spots disappear.

TIe Bensal Nlldcar liles in lvoods andforests, lreiD,t on small animals.

JasuaN lile in dense iLinsle resions.huntirs monke\.s, peccaries and tapirs.

These markings are hard for enemies to see

\\hen ii hidcs, ihe laFn s sp.tshehr hl(l it lilm .nem1 e1es.

The talil has a slolled coalwhcn it's Ioung and hellless.

. To the Parent

anr aninrls .a blerd inn)tlreil sufuourdin{s to keep Ircnbeins det.led bt rheil enemi.rs.{ost lunmals except hnmans ard.he apes lcrc.ire .ol.r loorly.naking this f.rm oI prole.Ln'e.oncalnent his ly effe.ti e.li ls oI hile use, however,again* annnals that rell dDreon other snses su.h .s $e11.he rild boar has ll'hiie

markinss onh ihen it s Joung.


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Elnia You Know That(...swrit

Male Lions Don't Hunt?Lions live in the u,ide grasslands ofAfrica, not in the jungle. Among lions,hunting is left up to the females.The male lions are strong, but theydon r help at all with the hunting.

,;-i.".u*"lrl*"n""\,\ io ao nLrntnre. Ineir ljehr )) br.,rvn fnr l,elps tl,em nide \

tuom rrel nr tne dr srass ,

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o To the Parent

Li s lile in .\fii.a in lamilJ srlups.alled prider. ln ast -A1ri(a lridel.onsisiifg .l

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mele:,r0 fmal.: ald 2l J,ruqj cul: tra1'ebecn .hscned Hnr liri i r.frnrlltth. r6li .l the lenralei. ind n'f.ufimnl.s norli togelher t blnrg lolr'ntI. pr). The nile ll.re guarrl dreh.unda.ies 0I the trid.'s terirul

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once.he male nas firilhed i|. Jourslion .ubs and tle fernile llL)fs rnn eal

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Doesn't the Male LionNeed to Eat Anything?

\\rhen the fe.rale lionl brina Lacli sometiinst. eat, the nrale li.r,rhlals cats flrst.

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Iilen ttrer're young, nrale lioli 11eI re ,.fe ,fil lrnnt thelr owf l'o,rl


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Elwrty Do ElephantsLive in Herds?

finswri Elephants form herds or groups made up of only

-' females and their young. The oldest l'emale becomes theleader, and all the others follow her for their protection.Grandmother

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In elephant herds the grandnotherls the leader. The father elephantli\.es alon, apart fiom the herd.

Father

An elephant herd and the duties of the leader^ African elephants.

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Even *hen the weather is drl, ih leadcr knows where

io lind \'.tl.r ard shoq's the otheF wlrere to find it.['hen an enemy aptears, the herd gathem $.ith tire roung

in ihe center, ard tle leadercomes

out to flght.

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18/94

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TIe }erd toliows the leider. looliins 1or food water a.d places to rest. Ther al$als hlktrr the rame ath.

Elelhants cooperite rbr sunivai. I:Ien ore of tle herdis iniured. the others sur closc Lr to gire it lrel .

. To the Parnt

A. elephet herd is .omlosed of females rclaied bblood, plns Uieir loung- All tne adrnts arc siste$,o. mothr and daushter. Tlie lerd lorns r1renel,,, closeiDnds ird th nrml.rs arsist .n anoth.. in Danv \ra\s.'1" .arbla h 5."oloe'i"4;.Sne uses ho lea.s of erAerielce to dsue ihe safet,of tnc ied as a Nhole. Eor *an le, Lhe leader knoasthe le.dilg gloud1 nalerine holes ed waXs io combatenemies, lt i,q rotenorth thai elihough elephdts lavea tifespa .f abont 60 Fars, strch rn ase is not usualin Ure sild. Half dle bX the age ol ln, and only aholtonc elphani five rea.hes tle age .{ 30. Whn theFung hare groan ile fema]es .enain wilh the ed, butth maies leal to besin an independeni liJe. OnlJ innaiirs season are the hdles allovd close to tbe hrd.

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Elwn, Don't Gorillas Hunt Animals?6'*t) Gorillas are not hunters.Ther. eat only plants.

Gorillas are especiallvfond of fresh grass andtree leaves, but theyalso like bark androots. Gorillas travelaround in groups calledbands, eating only thethings they find mostdelicious. They neverattack animals for food.

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leares. Sinre leales are not trt, ronrisiing thc gorilla hxs to tal a iot.


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How Gorillas LiveGorillas lilesingle maIe.white back,

in bandsBecausethey are

that are led b1- aolder males har.e aknou.n as sih.erbacks.

At ,ri .hr gorlllas L.caI 1T tr.c tran(I$ rndco\er ihe wiLh lenres ro niaLe festi 1' r s ee|iig.

. To thc Parent

Acc.rding to lege.d gonllas arc rild, r'irceaninals. ln facl ileJ are heirivorcs that eatmosth grass. By naiue rhey are 1'e{ Fiacid.Chidpezees, anotnel ol tle arihroloid apes,somelines klll l'a r. and eat them, bul, sorillashave never ben tno-n t. cat meat. Gorillanomrllr lne in bands that arc led br a lulhmatnre mle. A Land nay consisl of severallefrales md ,.ug gorillas ol various a4es, Thearcuge band comprises thrce lemales and ibuor fivc ,'oung. $hen the male mtures. tne furon his h2ck hr.ns qhite girirjg rise ro thename silverbadt. T . silr. racli 1,. lh mostimportanl tueml,r oJ the band, and Urc othersorillas paX hin a gr.at d.al ol arreriion.The vourg ercntull} lare th. band as aheymature. Pen,ales join otler ba.ds whil. maicsgo ofl independen

Jto lirm tlclr om bands.

ThumrrlThumf:ThunplThumpl

gorilla eats

r.@Bamboo shootsffirffi

Raspber es

Things a

Thistles

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a -{ nrcurcr lrmda la}s ritl her ollsprins in 3,o.,.

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'I'he nerh born md.r is

colered riith i.li rhiie fur.

Did You Know That PandasAre Very Tiny at Birth?

The baby giant panda is only about asbig as a mouse when it's born. Itdoesn't yet have the black markingsadults have, and its eyes aren't yetopen. but it can cry in a loud voice.

Alier ahoui thrc Nccks theblack marlinss can l. seen.

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[* \\itren r,onr N)nrhs har.e g.,re bt.ir

qains

irsrrenell and size.

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Young Pandas Love to PlayBaby pandas like to play balland to climb trees. They playhard and then take long naps.

Look at my ball. It has^le same colors I have.

In ihe fiftl month it caneat soft dce with milk.

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After about a year and iwomonths it begins io eat iheleaves of the bamboo plant.

. To the ParentThe giant Farda is only 1iv inches{r3 cml long ad weighs *}ee to fourand a har ou.es (85.130 g) ai birtn.alout ihe same size as a snall nouse.Sin.e th notho is aboni 50 inches(12? cn) long and veijlhs about 220louds (100 ks), the babr is extremlr3ma11 in conparison. A baby pMda iscovered with sofi. white tur and doesmt lare lhe fmiliar blak markines$itn rt rs born. lr: Lar rs quitetons Tle DJnda is an en,lanceredspecies, md the }ilrh oI one in; z.ois welcome lews around th $orid.

Look ai m. I canrally climb norl

I can chew bamboo leaves vjusi like Mother. Bui I'mnot old enoush to eatreaih prolerly just vet

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ffi l, a Skunk's Terrible SmellReally Strong Enough to(mwrf Thar awlul smell is a ver) poir erful ri-eapon.When another animal attacks it, rhe skunksprays its enem5,. The smell is so terriblethat most other animals are not able to keepon attacking. This is how the small skunkcan protect itself from very large enemies.

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Protect It?

-{ spoiled skunk siands on itsftont lcei io lranr off an eneny.

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If the enenr doesn't go awaJ,tle skunk spmys ii with misi.


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The Skunk's Secret Scent glandThe skunk has glandsin its rear end u'herethe foul'smellingliquid is produced.The skunk sprays outa fine mist thatsmeils rea11y bad. Itcan make the skunk'senemies choke andtheir eyes iear.

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Ttre e.tsle lyl is ihe onl) enemtiirat 1'ill aitnck a skunk. Elenif it's slraJ.d thc o{l doesn'tsPtsm 1. mlful ihr sne lat ell.

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ffi--_lGround beetleThese give off an unpleasant smell too

There are also sr'eral othercreatures that use unpleasantodols to protct themsehs

from their enemies. Some arelarge and some :rre \.elv small,

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(e r"il #,The scent glards are used io makethe liquid thai smells so had.

\losi enemies know honto recosnize a skunkand will run awali atthe sight of one erenrvhen iht'r starling.

Th :hunlr is a nember of tnc seasel1 ih. lt is *ell kno{r lor emiitinsbJ lar the n.sl offe.slr. .dof .I all\r.asels. The sourc. ol th strell is aliquid se.reted bJ a pair.l slandrr.ir rhe rnrs P.r .ami\,.res wlitr anacnt serse ol smcll, the sullerlngth. d.r .auses is alnost lethal.

S.lr'allowtail caterpillar

Stinkbug


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GlUo* Do Porcupines Protect Themselves?The porcupine's body is covered by long quillsthat look like needles. These are the porcupine'sweapon. The quills are very strong and the tipsare extremelv sharp. They pierce the skin of anyanimal unfortunate enough to encounter them.

Most of the time ihe quills lie flat.

How the porcupine protects itself

$hen the irorcupine first sees an enernJ, it makes aNsuing sound *iih its quills to ffighlen ihe enem . If the enemy doesnl run aial,, the porclLpine backs intor"r r...ks' r'" l,il..'11"Fr. . q,'k're\"' JD.


26/94

\\Ien the quills hrr ar erem:rhe] easih lall oll if tleI orrupi.e. But lrher tlreJsrick if tne e.emr s sknr.rernovnrs ihem is dil1icult.Efernies seld.m aLlacli tricl.

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These have quills tooHedgehog

. To the Parent

About t{o t}irds of ile war dosnrl5 rpln.. a tro(rl'ile:1,s rluill:frorn 3 1. 1i iricles lii ]i rnilong, trlicl are the porcutin. sfu iI dificrert ]lrm. T'heI ..Deout $Ien thJ louch an enernt. Thequills hare baibs that are vrJIard to gel out (hcn they slicklrto thirgs. Althongh the quillsare noi poisonous, i'om& ofre.becone inil.ted, causins rleaih tothe arinal. Eecent slodies 1)lovrhat ih hedgtrog's quills sertenot o 1' as a form of derinie. blt, *, ,i a sort .r shock absorberto cushion thc anldal againsr an-tinjnry il it lalls out ol a tree.

Th spinl anteaid ard redsehog als. hare quiils, but their luills aiesomeir,Ijt shorter. Lnlike urc porculine, thcse alimals do n.'t us their

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Spint anteater


27/94

Eluo* Does an EagleCatch Its Food?

(wv*f Eagles have sharpeyes and fly high

Sharp clnss are alr eagle s wea]r.ns.

in the skyIookingfor prey onthe groundbelow. If aneagle sees themotion of a smallbird or animal itdives quickly totry to capturethe victim withits sharp claws.

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The Way an Eagle HuntsAnd Captures Its Prey

jts wings bacli

prey usins iis

hold it firniy.

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$,hen an eagle spots a rablit I) .in the qrourd it diles on /

ihe fleeing animal with its \.--it1111"11i' _/

. To the Pa.entSone asles ln,e ned traterand feed on fish. OlhersinhabiL mountainous arasand catch small birds andanjmals. On ure hut- aslesascend in a spi.al parrernusins uFdrails and searhlor lrex from ahovc. Thei.cyesight ls rcrl keen andlhet are able to disiiryllshdistanl objects ritl a powereigbt time g?eater than tlat.f hnnaDs. Eagles have greatstrqth in rleir talons anduse them to sqleez tneirlictlms t dt . Ar agltsha. , hooked bea.k tuaN theflesh oI iis lrex ilto smallbiie sized lieces bui isnot used lo kili or capiue.


29/94

Why Does a LeopardTake Its Food up a Tree?

linr*, Hyenas steal food from-' other animais but can t

clinrb trees. The leopardtakes food up a treeso it can't be stolen byhyenas or olher animals.That way a leopard won'the disturbed as it eats.

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The leopard takes its food up onto a tree brancl. H)enascanl climb trees. so tle leopard can enjo] a quiet mal.

. To the Parent

Tbe leopad is an er?ed cllmher md nakes very gooduse ol trees. One use is to hide Iood in tle bn .,ies.This is because the leopad must be on .onstanr aaiclfor atiacks lrom packs ol hycnas inienr on srealingits FreI. tre i,he lrey is too large to be eaien allai orce. il\e lefto\rN 1rolld Iikelx he todd if $.r'$ere keli ai $ound lercl. A tal tree is ihe natu.alhiding place. Leopards als. lometimes lie in i'alt ln

ee blanches wher thX are hmtine. TheI can oftenbe f.und resting qnieilJ or raling an aftemootr napon a tree bmnch. L,nike lions, sniclr lunt in s.oups,ihe le.prd huls alone nostly at niglt loohing for".,l -a- J" ..no o,-,. t. \rls .: P-' lr g irail or creping up close and slrinerng ])on il3 preJ.

Sloticd hlenas form pa{rks of uf to 10 .r morearimals and i{ to steal the lelpard's lood.

A leot ard sometimes waits in a tree forprey a.d sprnrss on its lictim ftom alole.

A leopard in a tree \r'ith its food

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30/94

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31/94

Eluo* Does a BearCatch a Salmon?

6*i As salmon swim upriver to 1ay eggs,bears stand on rocks near the riverbanks and scoop the fish up withtheir claws. Bears also wade in thewater to catch fish in their mouths.

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,l lrear st ds or a r.ck nea riler bark l.lnd (,aits l,rr asal.r r. to slriin rlose s. he

.3n .:r.h ir rnl his.liNs

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This brar has waded into thc riler to caich salnun with its sharycmine teth. Its ieeth m:rl be an incl i2.; cm) or more in length.

. To the ParentTh. brosa bear is one oI ile lalger beaN, weigning as nucl s1,100 pomds {500 kg). Veights rary delendlng m wlere the bearIlvs. Bears Lhal live rvhere srlno. ale plcrtilul gro$ largerthm ilose livine aqay r'rcm riv..s. ln additin to salnon andtr.ut, blown bears also eat young d.er, small mmnrak, nrse$s,and llmi rools or iruit. They nay also attrck fan annnals.


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33/94

l$lno Killer whalesReally Attack Larger Whales?a1.*]t The kiiler rl'hale is lelated to thev porpoise as l ell as to other l'hales.It eats fish, squid, penguins, seals,sea lions and even porpoi-ses. ilIostrvl.rales tlavel together in groups caileclpoals. Sometimes a pod of killei'rvhaleshas been knorvn to attack a much largeru.hale such as the gi'eat blue u'hale,

l hich is the lalgest of all mammals.

-{ pod of killer whales attacking a humpback *hale

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34/94

r. Mal killer whale. It ma), lre as long as 33 leet (10 m). and its dorsal fin mav reach a heishr of ? feet (2 m).

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[ilier wha]es can be fohd in oceans all aolnd tleglobe- but i}ey nosi ftequenuy live in tI middle ardhigher latitudes. Nomaliy kjller wlales live itr lodsrargng ln nmber toom fou to .40. The membd @operateh hmtirg, drivirg schoois of salnon or tont inioslullor vaters. The advdtage of moviDs in pods isobvbus Nhn killr whales try to attack ldger wluies.


35/94

6m*i

Eluo* Can owlsCatch Animals in the Dark?Orvls have very good eyes and ears.That's rvh5, they're able to catchanimals at night. Olvls can seeeven u.hen there's only very Iittlelight. Their hearing is so sharp thatjust by listening they can tellrvhere their prey is and rvhich r,"'ayit's running. Even on the darkestnights with no light at all, ou'ls cancatch their prer simply b5 listening.

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36/94

. To the ParntThe slc(ess oI .wts in huniing at night is du ( tleirexceplio.al[ keen sNes of sight and hea.ing. Soneslecies lhat hunl lll'e ar night can tell the posiilnnof thcir pre $itl greal ac.ura., bJ sound alone. Thcscspecies har. fcatlels .n ihe1l laces iiEl a(l as sou.dcollecrors to antlilt .rcn tle fainl.st noises. TIeo?fs ea.s a.c positioncd as\limetricalh lo help ilpinpoinl &e eu.t posltion and dir.cti.n f lts prey.w

Thr masked owl is xlert durnrslhc niAht. Elen in pjtch darkit can tll jusi fr.n th-" s.Lrndi whi(h direct n its pre"v isnLnring. If ihe tre\, hies toescnle bJ chan :ing dnectnr.,ihe.\rl .rn srill f.ll.r 3n.lihe snq) dow. and .anture it.

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37/94

Elrfo* Can Bats Catch InsectsEven on the Darkest Night?

(amv,rf Bars make sounds that are murh too

-hish -[or us ro hear. The soundstrivel in invisible waves throughthe night sky. When the waves strikea flying insect, the sound bouncesback, or echoes. The bat hears thiswith its huge ears. It's like radar.

I Bats make

Bats l.hat send oui ulrraso 'wales from iheir nose us anauol' heam that s$'ecps back and {orth like a searchlight.

sounds that travel in ultrasonic waves

Ultrasonic wavesfrom the nose

high-pitched

KI

IUltrasonic waves Bats that send ultrasonic waves ftom their mouth give offlulses that spread oui o r a $-ide aiea in froni oI them.. To the ParentTle nethod thsi bats 6e to pinpoint th posiiior of Prey uergulrrso.ic echoes is called ecto locatioL Beause of tleir liglftequency, ultraBonic waves are refleled ever fron objects aseAl ; an inect- SoDd that is audibl to hua s las lonewa.J


38/94


39/94

Eluo* Does a KingfisherCatch Its Food?

lmsmi The kingfisher is a bird.-- th.t catches fish for food.Hovering above water, itlooks for small fish. Whenit sees something it likesit folds its wings back anddives into the water. Under

the water itquickly

usesits beak to catch the fish.

lt diles headfi.sr inio the warer.

\\iiih irs heslr ii m.kcr r}e ghh


40/94

$iiih rhe fislr in its mouth ure kingliiher c.nres lLit.l ih. nlcr'

I When the kingfisher swallows a fish

TIe liinstisher iurns the Iish :lroufdso lhat it will uo dlrn hcadtifn.

Taill'ilsl. it

fi*)@___ffi. To the Parent

Tlr. klagli:Ier cax h.ver in nlnl2ir.\\nFn r . r 1 rr.h t ,1r r. i 1\csnt. rhc $a1e \\h'r lr h t. r,.

watr tle 1rF e'ings are lolded L,acliinto a tredg. This shipe ninimi4siraler reslstmce so *. rnr oi th.dile is n.t dis:ipated The morn..rii grabs lle lish ir its l,.2li iispreids iis (ing; rhi(h a.t as atrnkc to srlp ilc dne. \\nile theIird is urder th rater iis resar. ..re. d bt, lfot(live ,r.ml,ranes.

3i


41/94

, How Do Polar BearsIn a Land of Ice and(wwri Most polar bears live aloneand wander over floatingsheets of ice in search oftheir prey. Their mainsource of food is seals.

Thc sed has mad a holc in the iceso ii can breathe. Thc pol learwaiis beside ihe hol. and catches theseal irhen it comes up for fresh air.

Live

Snow?

")iii'.:: . t.i:., tt 3

I:"j

yrl I{y

,,i\tLt Xtll-

Poi bears lire m the 1:Lr norrh on rhe lslandsand al..g tn .old se.r.uan oi the Arctic o.ean


42/94

The Polar Bear's Special Fur

1.'

6.'.--A

Polu L,enr. nre c.npleielr' (ortredriill a coat .l lrlite fur lLhich Llendsnr well wiur the white of the ic.' .tndsxN so lrel can t easll se then.

Polar lears hare fur gro\rin . on lheirrars. This hakes it easJ 10. ihem ioNnlk or run across fields 1 ice andsno{. witlout the dangrr 01 slilping.

'l'heir whitc col.lt keeps the heat liomescapinli. The] als. haie a thicknndercoal f lur so ihel stel wermard tumturLtLle in the $.rsi cold.

Ir \olemher or December a motherpolar bear di :s a dcp lrlle l. asr \Ldift for her dr . A monthor t{. laier shc gives hlrtl to . or th.ec cutrs. a.d th]' slcs.ngl in ih. den wiih her uDtil

sp ns {r)mrs. The bear cubs staJlriil their moihrr lor ahout htoyears aftr thry'rc born so thatshe ran led and care f.r tlem.

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Polir bears ai. rerr" good swnnmers:ind can nat in the rarcr 1or hours.\\iarer doesn't soali lhrough ttreii lur, s,rthey don t get rcl i. ihe sli or los.Lr.rd: trear eren

\rn.'nit

s lreezin : c.ld

. To the Parent

The scond largesi lahdcdtui\ore, i polar barnar-' {eigh 1.600 Funds(72ij kg) Th \thite coarplorides @.uflage andproiecUon nlm rh cold.The Nhte hairi "rc nolorand glre th bear protecii.hbr Ftaiiing ,Lnosi all oii|. body leat, Eeneath tlrs.}ails thc aninul has a plushuderoar olfu to keep ii w.rm.Ttr polar bearl pdncipalsou@ ol f.od is the sealsit attrcks in tlet breathinglois or out on the ice tek.

/, /..1. I---1. I _ '(. ---\ar ,,


43/94

ffi Why Do Rhinoceroses Have Horns?.axsalql They use their horns lor protection...--' Rhinocero-ses are knorvn io be verv

strong and at.e not often attacked bytheir enemies. When somethingthreatens a ),oung rhinoceros, r.hich isstill very rr eak, the mother lights for it.

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44/94

The Rhinoceros's Secret

Rhinoceroses do.'l hale shnrp eles. lhel renearsighred, \Iich nEans ihel'can'l see far.

The\, have sersiiive ears and a keen s.nsc oI

smell. Nitlr ihem ther ratch out for enemies.

Aduli rhino@roses are rerl strong. \ot eren aliln $'otrkl dare Lo atrack these powlrful animals.

\

. To the Parent

'riEre are live spe.ils of rlinoceroses in tnc lvorld. Thhdiar rhinocer.s and the Java rhinocero: have only onelom. -{llth othr sFcles luve t{o. 1he species mostcomlDnly displated in zoos is the black rniuoccros 1.omAl.i.1. ' .pie ol 'p', rr ,gr nir,.P' ...o. 'Eer oi dvin..'o' A .'o.g' r' 'ts 'h-_ ",.1'the law- poache$ lill them lor their lorns, which aresull nsed ln palis of Asla t prelare .edain lotions.

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ShF t.FieF the rnEmr u. I er I.m.

,11


45/94

El wr,;, Do RattlesnakesMake a Rattling Sound?6**D Rattlesnakcs use theil i'attles tr.r ..ciu etheir enemies. 'fhe snake-* have aI,oi.onuus bite. TIrer can usp tIei) loiionto hill small animals to eat. But the1.make a rattling souncl to scale arral'humans ancl other' lalge anim:rls. Thesnakes at'e afraicl thev might be hult olkillecl them-qelves.

How they make their tails rattleThe rattle on the end of ar:rttlesnake's tail is madeof skin. Like all snakes.rattlesnakes shed iheirskin as the] grov. This iscalled m,rlting. \\ihen the

rattlesnake molts, the oidskin that remains becontesa rattle. \{hen the snakeshakes ils iail, the drlskin nukes a sound \.er-\,much like a baby l'attle.\{hen a rattlesnake ishatched it hasn't moltedso it has no rattle-r atall. Yotl car tell the ageof a rattlesnak b thenumbr of rattles, one loreach tine it has molted.

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-{ newborn mttlesnake has no ratue.The ralile gro(s $irh each new molt

Skin remainingafter molting

Skin from thescond molting

Tip of the tail


46/94

;.L ".

' To the Parent\\tEn a 1, large &eatue appoaches, a ranlesnale willnr\. a oBe ri(hmp%,"o 'eIp-",.bilIlo.r a i^a.. indud'ng ' ran.. rdr 'lpdr b4muep jrr\know {hat nrakes the nolse. The ratusnake is highlyloisono6, bnt il can be killed eslly if ii is biherbr a coyote or tmmpled by a larse animal. The snate.o.nd|r5 diJ'rive $dmng .o aro.d 6u.h dJjCpr..

Doesn't the Sound of the RattleWarn the Rattlesnake's Prey?

wl]en rattlesnakes huri, they don'tmakc arJ ro:se. Thel approach theirprey Yery quietly. To do this theykeep their tails lifted up and offthe ground to make sure they don'tmake any noise with their rattles.

,lll


47/94

Eluo* Does a Scorpion Sting?A scoipion's stinger has poison tnit. To kill its prey the scorpionuses the stinger to shoot poisoninto the animal. There are morethan 600 kinds of scorpionsin the world. Onl), a few of themcan harm a person. A scorpionthat lives in Africa's Saharais one of the most poisonous.

Another dangerous scorpion livesin the southrvestern Ilnited States.

Onlya few scorpions canhrui Iou. llutjust tolesafe, rou shouldnt try to llck one n .

hh.r . . ,-nor 5-....',.ri.,q i t"\ r"s. rlF''. rpor"r""b.L ,, .-1o'r'''i g.'. ra o

There is a poison sacinside the tail. The

thc iail tn.lush thesharply lointd ti .


48/94

. To th Parenr

The roryion nomaly i.habiG uolical and suirtrolical rcgionssliere it is {ard all rear.ound. The Morpion s tlvo large clarsar6 LVil ;r Lotdi.p ,,r 1. L,i i5 ..,i is s g F Jn "."r,more fomidable yeapo . 1tre aoryion uses its sting on spide.r,graq.IopD,,.. a.n r'mih":1-4 llofp ri,.J, u00 juryon . F,.p.dist worldside, bnr onrr a re{. are abte to kitt a trlmn beins.


49/94

@@

Why Do HippopotamusesAlwa.ys Stay in the Water?The hippopotamus has skin that'srhinner than other ani'"nals skin.This means moisture is lost veryeasily. If a hippopotamus didn'tkeep itself wet, its body woulddry out, and then it would die.The hippopotamus stays under thewater's surface all day to staywet. Its eyes, nose and ears arenear the top of its head so it canstay aimost completely underwater.

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50/94

[email protected] i':...a| .e&

lD the moming it goes hack into ttre water.

:

Iiir,

r(iili

A Day in the Life of a Hippopotamus

h sinys cool and {ei in ih. rrater all da}.

m- ,'*lx#&,.r'.

In th-" er,ening it omes u onto ttre land.

Du.nrg the nighi ii fe.ds on s?ass and otier llanrs.

. To the Parent

Since the skir of tne hippopolamus is exhemely t i.,doistu is easily losl, so it says uder vater allday. Oihrwise it Fould snJJer from dehydmtion. Thenostrils and ers ol ure hiplototamDs cm be closed ethat {ater does not nter wlen the sinxrl submerges.The hiplop.tamus moyes with greai lAliiili ihe watera.d car snbme.s lo depths ol more than 35 feei (11 n).

It ca statdown

fo.periods

of hveminutes

ormore.

Hip o otamuses liket. eat srass on land.TheI alwat s take the

same path to their


51/94

El wh, Do Wolves Howl?ai"swr Wolves live in groups called packs.

Each pack has its own territory whereit hunts for food and raises its young.Wolves hou'l to tell other wolf packsrvhere their territory is. When wolveshear this howling, they usually don'tenter the other wolf pack's territory.If they do enter, there's a fight.

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52/94

r,

How Wolves Live

Each wou pacl has a lQder. All the rrdles xr the pirkIn.w rhicl wolf is lhc Leadr that thet musl lollow.

\\:olles hunt in packs. Tle\rre ablr io catctr prel Ltrnuse

xll of the nembers ol the lack(ooperite

in the lunt.

In slri|g ihe r'.lf.ubs ere b m. The)ie raised not onlrby iheir o\r. m.ther |ut l)J all rhe woh.es iD the ra(li

. To the P,rcrt

No.nallt woh'es form pa.ks l aliotrL 15 animals. A taclrmay have teritorl' measld.g ij io 12 miles (10 lo 20 kn)in diMeter. Wolvcs hoq'l to proGct rhal lerilury. -{11,enb '. or 'h- Fa(La, r,E",h.r 1rr .." ., .nd,a-i.ar far as six niles (10 kn). SometinN ore pa.k mayhowl in r.sponse to rhe trowliDs ol anotler. lf thi.rcspoN c w@k. thcJ run.he.isk of beiqt atiacked.Wolves nos'l norc in the qirier {hen the matlng seasonbeeins, but lole wolves do nol rcsplrd io ihe lorhrs.


53/94

',Elwn, Do Hyenas Eat

(,* Other Animals' Food?Hyenas eat Ieftoversfrom animals that lionshave killed, and theyeat other dead animalstoo. That kind of meatis called carrion. It'snot always rotten. Buteven if it is, hyenascan eat it. They don'tget sick because theirbodies are not harmed bygerms in rotting food.

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54/94

Are Leftovers the Only ThingsHvenas Eat?

.-t-"

.a On the attack. Spotted hyenas rormaUr hunt aL nighi, but ihis phonrsrarh shows a mre davlisht hunt.

The striped hyena and the brown hyenaactually live on nothing but dead meatleft by other animals. But the spottedhyena not only eais cardon; it huntsfor itself. It mav even attack a prideof lions and trv to steal their food.

#

. To the Parent

Hyenas hare sturdy jaws that c2n drsl bones, andstrong digestiv juices that nake then excellenlscavense.s. Thei. sastric juices a.e bacte cidalso the, do mt becohe sick even alter ealing loodLhat h* been roiting. The slotted ht-ena Nnali)-'gts its lood bJ hunting or by slealirg pre .

Striped hyena. Ir roams nr in rcarch of food.

St otted h]'enas rill sieal food ftom a leopard or a cheetah.


55/94

What Do Rabbits Eat

Leaf buds Leaves

I Feet for walking on snow

rI\

{JDuring the Winter?6nswrq\ p.orrl spring through autumn.--.-

rahbits eat different kinds ofgrasses. When winter comes andthe fields and mountains arecovered with snow they eat drygrass, dry leaves, the budson trees, bark, roots and twigs.

I rrish this

/\

ing a twig

Bark

Rabbiis hale hair on their patr sso tl\ai thcl can walk on deeerow $'lihout sinkins inio ii.

I Sleeping on top of the snow

illhil,i.

rlI,ti

12

Rehbits often sleel nr hollors in tlre sno{.n the sLurn soLLthedr slope of a hill.


56/94

Do inp

Winter?hat DoSome animals hibemateilhile others continue to

II

II

Fox

Raccoon.lt sonetimes

in a fli(-" s,Iere the(inters are lerr sercic.

xtonleys, fores and field nicesta} acrive in ihe winter.

Snakes and lizardsThev like to

I[,*,,"" )

. To the Parent

n.bbit r.rnnllt .rr dr. le,re. d.rerareeh ind othr lemLer lrlarls lilie(hid reed or tlafdelt Bxi nr tL,. lrlnm'rnirX lut. {li. nut or ar r.rererl rtrhsnor. tliLLils DuJ rhen eal air thnrgrrPl( n ftrl, lilre rlre bal.L.1...s Tl],,r..nsurrir. th. dnt.. .lrinA fuihnrg bur L,alL


57/94

Elwnut Do Boars Use Their Noses For?mswrn These relat ir e. of cummon pigs and hogscan r see things rery uell. lnstead ther

have a very good sense of smell. They candetect things from distances of up to 1,600feet (500 m). \\ ild boars may also usetheir sensitive nose to look for foodunder the ground. When a tild boar findssomething good to eat, such as a tenderyoung root, it can dig it out with itssharplv pointed tusks and tough snout.

What wild boars eat

>r:i\\'ll,l b.afs.nn snjii.ut fn.o tlat s nndi th. gr Lrd.

C:

Roots

.:: D \'-\

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,' --

5.0 t,\/l a)i

The b.ar's long snout is .rr LNeiL rthenit ranrs nr .lig u lood liom nnderthe groun.i. Its snoui is crlrernel."_ nrugtrafd strons so e noa. (ur dig 1,er) fast.

G1.. J


58/94

How a Wild Boar Livesln spring the female *,ild boar normally hasfour to six babies. They stay \\,ith theirmother tiom spring right through to lvinter, butabout the end of u.inter they go off alone.Wild boars u,ill eat an5,thing. \1re call suchanimals omnivores. Wild boars look for food inthe lorest and sometimes in farmers' fields.

r. Eating grass. lt will eai just a littlebe.ause tiis is not real , la\briie.

. To the Parenl

Tle Ltrtilase inside ]]he lose of tle {ild boaris exlredel r,ell dereloped. Tle end is shaFd1lii.. tlar djrl lr.nr r:hl.h th n,:tils o erout. T|e boar\ l.gs a.c sho.t. $hen rt lowrsits }cad thc srout is lressed flat against ilieground, maklng it easJ Jor tie boar io :eek outundrground sour.es of food. The lvild boar\sense of sncll is as s.od as a doe's. The boa.snifls c.nstantlt as it novs sloul, and wncnit snells sonething to eal il roots upthe eartb wlth its eoul- \\"hen a fcmale boaris abont lo give birah. she vill dig a sim ]enesi, in Ure gomd and lirc it sith grass andleaves. The srout also comes i' hmdv dnrirythe Eaung season. \dre thc mal b.s lressesIis nose agaiNt th ienalc as he couis her.

Boars lale lrliie markin,rs urtil ller're nbont si\ nu.tls.ld.

r \\ild lrcars arc rerr good ss'immers.

. Wild b.,ars like benrs in ttre warcr lerr nrch.


59/94

e There No Feathers

Vulture's Head?Vultures feed on the fleshof dead animals, calledcarrion. This meat oftenrots and has germs. Ifthe vulture's head hadfeathers they would getcovered with germs when

it ate. Since itis bald

the head stays clean. a'$b^:lf a vulrure s head goidirtJ, germs ivould gror.

The ra)s .f the sLl. drr thehead and tle gerns s.on die.

Pecking at carion. \: liues taidead a.jmals and rrr kllied L,r' lilns.


60/94

,{ r.ullrLlt lloLs 1u a dend arxnaltrlich ii nill swoor do*n Lo.er.

Snfre rnltrn'pr lr)rc r'r27r lr.r lr

To the Parent

.l]Ie h(L llerLher-. of rr rultn, s h.rrl:s als r xd. ia l.nfinMI .f .nro,.,,r,n,r hn(L srr.h rs llF ..fdor rxl thearliutur jtul. 11 nrere \re lerthcls .r tir{rsc linlr he:dsther mrl.l hare tronl]I,. Iid,Fin thrn (]eu. The { \nr.'s nicrrn.rJnrcLudc g ftrgclrlrllrernieir Its jr(Lr.n.r, h0\rer.is br uimals th,t h.}e iusi di .i ,rfr.t ri. pr.r 01liori.

57


61/94

Elffo* Does a Flying Squirrel Fly?6wmi The flving squirrel doesn't really.--- fly. It spreads out a flap of skin,

or membrane, that stretches fromits front legs to its back legs.This lets it glide on air currents.That's also hou. hang gliders work.

A eixnt fllins slruirrel glides thrnxeh tle air at niglt.

58


62/94


63/94

Is It True That Moles Will DieIf They See the Sun?r\swrq Moles live in holes thar they digunder the ground. They verS seldomappear on the surface. Even ifthey do come out and see thesun they won't die.Moles have such pooreyesight that they canbarely detect light.

I The mole's body

l\I"lei Li. r".l \ tel o.l] heitre. Lr rheht .. .la1L. lhpr LJ.'t .Fe m r.l cl"e

4..B

Why Do People Say a Mole Will Die in Sunlight?No one knows ho\r, people got th ideathat a mole $'ill die if it gets intothe sunlight. People ha\,e mant'' wrong

ideas about animals. Th truth isthat moles must eat constantlv. Thei-an die if the , go ${thout food foras lev as thre hours. It could bethat someone $.ho had caught a moleforgot t0 leed it and the mole died.It would be asl to guess that beingin the suD n-as th reason that themole had died. Or ma),be people sotthe idea from seeing moles that hadcome up above ground and had died.

Xlloles like

(10

I'h.tl w.,uld halpen iI a mole {as carLshth someonc $h.r then lorgot to l'eed iil


64/94

Thtir ILLI is lert

I The mole's secrets

Uoles ha' l'ut flc\ible Lodies. A m.le ca. iur.amund when it wrnts io. elen i. a nanoq'tnn.el

xlo es ha\,e yert sia4r noses and ar ,aoodat sniffiIg out ea.thworms ln the ground.

Bfore a moie eals an-"arthn'.rm ]i squeezesihe dili in Uic bod"vof the earthsorm do,nroward ihe iail. Nert

the head. \\'hen it's

tail. TIai ra) allthe dirt in ihe $ormcan be squeezed .rut.

Moles can hear, bul

The tail is

. To the Parent

The body of the mole is adaged io lile undcrgrcund.The forelegs, shich are u*.1 fd digging, ar shapedlike sloRls. The eas. rnich could gel ir ihe sa ,are atrcphied. Sin c it iircs in a Norld oJ dalknessthe eles arc also lhoDhjed ard hidder tudr dehbrMes.Tlus ii a mole spre io see the snn it \rculd be ablet Gll oily tlat it irar bright. Sulight sould notkill the nole. But because it musi eat onstantl, iLcould easily sta e to dealh il ir $ere lor i , cage-

11 thc nrle wasn't given nnJ lood lo eal hrilree n.rrrs.r hore li $o ld rrrn. lli d.rrh


65/94

,Eloo Giraffes Make Sounds?

.s,'ss

\$

(r"s** Have you e\er heard a giraffe;n the zoo making a noiselProbably not. The giraffe isan animal that almost nevercalls out. But sometimes thecall of a giraffe mav be heard. r- l;

sl

$i$,

,$F

Vocal cords

To the

To thelungs

,A.imais can make noisesbecause they have vocaicords. Pe.ple can talk

be.allse the. hale ihm.

62


66/94

When Do Giraffes Cry Out?

Giraffes seldom call out although theycan make several different noises. Theycan make a kind of grou'1ing sound. Theyalso make a funny noise u,ith their noses.They make these noises rvhen they feelhungrv, r.hen the mother and father call toeach other or when they see an enemy. Babvgiraffes make a kind of squeaking sound.

. To the Parent

For a long time people lhousht that ihe siralT. Msvoi@les, bui in recenL rars observ?N havi .ecodeda vrfietl ol crie6 and ca.Is- ltese cies s&m to ho oftst i ?es. One is an emotional ca and hav indiBtefor insimce that the anioal is unlrapp , sniDrised orlo.ely. The other type of cry is for communicatiotr.to mm othe. gimJies of ine .esence of an enemy, fo.exmlle. Giuffes' oies nostlr ol the en.rionall$e. They seldom cry out to commuicate oiUr the he.d.

'to.' ,'Ja Male and female giraffes in the $'ild

sesThe\ ,1ll ,rhrn tlrc] feel hu.gr\.

TheJ also call if thet see an enem}


67/94


68/94

@,o". That Mean They Can't Hear Anything?

A snake can hear noises but not very well.It doesn't hear noises coming through theair as humans do. \Vhat a snake can hear isYibrations that come through the ground. Thesesound wayes pass from the ground to the bonesof the jai,r, and then to the bones of the ear.That's the r,ay the snake picks up sounds.

.5r.

Animals that seem to have no earsThere are many animals thatdon't appeai to ha1,e earsbut that realll' (lo ha1.e tltem.

Lizard. Ther"e are

llole. lt doesn'i

,-)''

Porpoise. litl..ugh its

Bird. Ir h5s ears

.-\ . To the ParentSnakes do nor appear ro haye eArs. lileir extemrl earslrftiu,s and e ea.nob,. have entirely disppeared.Be.a$e the inner ear stiLl cxists tl.y are abl tohear loises, ho,erd imledectly. Snakes cs har oIlJlo$, vibraiions Lecame o ]y a single bone is comctedto Uie

.jawhoneto trarsmit sounds to ttre i ne. ea..

Frog. The ears 01 aar Lelo{, and t. iht snleor thr eles. \'ou .an .renseethef gs ear.lrums.

-t -;l', 'g


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What Happens When a Poisonous Snake Bites?

Il rou re bit.er h\ a sfdle ;tdolsn't mee. 1.u ll die. bLri ] usirould go to a hostitrl right atrr\.ThcI hare.re,]il,l.e l,, r srdLel,irfs.

I How do people recognize a nerve-poison snakebite? coral snakeThe coral snake, cobra andsome other snakes u-re nerlepoison. Theil bite isn'tespecially painful, butaiter a $-hile the victimis unable to move. Then the

victim can't brcathe. That'sbecause the poiso goes tothe neNes and ihe hfain.

I How do people recognize aThe pit \,iper and othr\.ipers us a blood poison.Their hites are \.erl painluland quickl]' cause swelling.\\ihe. the poiso mo\,es

through the bodr the musclesand organ-q are poisoned.

Al ,{frlcan sritiing cllra ran spjtI oir,rn into the el. oi ils enen .

kinds of poison. Onenervous system.prlin and su,e11ing.

blood-poison snakebite?Tht biic hurts

)

llre rattlesnxke, whidr lileiin N0th Anerna, makesnoise witlr a rattle n itsiail to srnre its enemies.

. To the ParentI


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ffi# no* Can a MongooseDefeat a Cobra?

l\'Ien the robra's hred is raised, the neck i rcrds ourso ttrat the bod {illllok muc} hjsger. The cobr'sweap.ns are its poisonous Iangs and lts liglrrtrrg-lasrsfikes. The monrroose must trair loru chrnre t; attn.k.

In th small pause just before tlc cobmstril


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' r1i- _ .,* sh$ lI irlrLl

'llre in.fg.6e tihe its atta.Is n, tle fol)re sstrili.s. I1 ldcs tn sciTe ihe snake 3 h.d \ itll, ,' l l, ,,sirre lr s flrt lnrhnfe t. the ..Lrx s e.nm,, ,,,].',

No maticr how |nrd the m.lgo.se is {ueezed, it won't releaseits grir) on ih. cobra's hea.l. The mo.goose's onlt'n'earons areits shar crnile teelh. (hirh can liilt th. poison.irs s|alie.

\\hen the mongoose has the colra j. itsia{s, the r.'bra fighis back. It wrapsits lodl tighrly iir,rund thc monAooseaDd then slLreezes as hard as it can.

o To the Pa.ent

The monsoose lives on a diet olsmall rodenls, reptiles, lrogs,esgs. li.ds. insecis and f.uit.Il.hougtr nor. lond of s.akesas fnod. ile nong.os attackseYen loisonous slakes rith.uifear. Usullv LLe monsoose {illrir be.ause it is rery aglle.'flre skiil pitl qlrictr a m.ngoosecan erade a coblat sirike andthcn attack th. snake's head isspectacrla. The lact that thcsmke st.ik.s ir a sct patternplaXs an nrFo.tmt lart in theslNnal of thc mongo.se. \ le.the snake raises lts head toslrilie, ile norAoose darts intostdkiig nnge. 1l the honqooseis unsary enolgh t gei bittethc snake's venon {illLill it.


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ElOo Piranhas Attack People?(rNst,r1) ths piranha is known lor-

its very sharp teeth.Stories are told of peoplewho go into a river full ofpiranhas and are attacked bythese meat-eaters. In factpiranhas do not normallyattack people. They prefersmall fish or animals thatare injured or weakened.Usually when a person is inwater near a prranha the lishwill swim a\\ray and hide. Normallr fuanhas won'i attack pople.

a The dusky piranha. Iis raar sharp teettr and powerfnlja{'s are tlre pjrantra's fearsoine nealons.

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How Piranhas Live

(

Piranhas eat meat. 1l iheJ see a l'ish ihat s w.altthe) trili ittack .n il it's an.ttrer liranna

If a rveak rir injnled aiinal lells l.t a rire. ornrores in a nranse (ar pirnhas ahack righl awal

\\lre. tle red-bellied liranha is Jouns il has adisrinctire rcd malklns like blold on its blh.

ost fish jusi lal egss and leare rhenr alone.lut the mal. pira hn stals nea.b t(, guad thcnl

I Sorne types of piranhas don't eat meato

. To ihe Parent

TIe liranha is a.tually a rathrtinid creatntu. ll a peFon goesinro a nver UEt ls inhabitd bJrira as rlre lish senerallr lideamoq ile rate. plarrs. Sohetlmesa .urious pi.anha may nudge th. *on but n.rnalil pi.anlas d.nol aria.k. Their teeth. trowever,are ex.rerell sharp, dd a larceani al .ar be qnicllr rednced ta skeleton. Srme peolle like &)keep li.anhs as decolaiile fish.bur on shodd netel ptrt a haDdor linger into an aquadd rithlimnhds. The .esult .ould bc asrcre injurX or loss ol a nnser.

The winlpled lilanha brushes ngainstlnler fish and eats their scal.s. S.ne lilanhas liremainly on

\,,ite. plants. not on meat.

L


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Elno* Do Koalas Look AfterTheir Young?

htswri When a koala is born it crawls into- -' its mother's pouch right away. It

stays there as it grows and gets itsmother's milk right inside the pouch.When the baby is big enough to comeout the mother carries it on her back.

As ioof as it's horn Lhc LaLJ cta(,lsirto e pou.h on the moLlicr's lt.nach

The bah-r can cran L

It attx(rres its.lI t. ttrcmirlPr s. li (xn dink milk

BabJ koalns are ilwars carriedaround hJ their mottrer-..

s

,'. .. T,-(. /

s.mc \lz. rs r.onr.


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ElWn, Do Alligators Bury Their Eggs?(nmv* That's how they get them to..-- hatch. Saltwater crocodiles

and the American alligatorbuild nests near the waterand lay eggs in them. Thenthe mother covers them witha big mound of vegetation8 to 10 feet (2% to 3 m)u,ide and 40 inches (1 m)

high. Heatproduced

by thedecaying vegetation makes theeggs hatch. The mother willguard the eggs for the threemonths it takes them to hatch. American alligator. 1i tir.s in the swamps,

ponds aml diers of tle souiheasrern Lnlred States.

'l'he temlerature insideis ab.,ut 85" F. (30' C.)

,4. female guardingher nest of ggs

'Ir:l


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How a Gavial Catches a Fish

o

o

1\:hc r lis| conrrs closc llr grrirl s$ilgs ils ri,in Jnout si(le(ers io .it.h lt l lrrgrlial l.llinrs i{.rll n,s rhe l'ish headli.n s re 1:rs liill rlt .at.h i. jrs thr.ar.

,{ gavial hatching. lt breals tlre shell .f jts egg to t(r our.

o To the Parent

The lds, r,hin srout ol the Indian qaial is idapt.d toa dler oi llsn ln additnrn l lndia galials thertare oder Jish eainrg relatiles ol ihe .ro.odil su.his ure llricar k,nglroscd.r..odll arli tle Malayansarial. -{ll}E e lors rhn snouts {h,ch lrodde l.ssrcsistance ro lrarer and can b. m.r&l abonl .rui.klt

'llre Sarr.-l s s..nl issihilar nr nreezers.

o

o

How gavials are bornThe mother ga,,-ial digs a holein

tlc sand of a ler'hank a-r

e nest and laj,s ahour ,0 eggs.SLe doesn t ahlal s stay u,Iereshe iaid the eggs hLlt lisitssonrctimcs to src ho$ thingsare goiDg. Finall) ihe I' rrghatch and burrow ouL lhroughthe sand. The babies look llkeadults cxcept that thel' are onl]'abont 12 incLcs (ilo clr, long.


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What Are They Doing?

l$o nale kangaroos arefiehtine. Kanearoossupport themselves oniheir tails ard kick at

iheiropponeni with their

leg-s. Some people thinkthis looks llke bo:ina.

Indian rhinoceroB

This lndjan rhinoceros is takinsa larh. These animals lore thewaier and will {allow nl a s 'amplbr houF with .in[ ttre horn andears showins al,ove the snlface.


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1;::lq;*"'$ . . ,.ltu'

A (art h.rg with an jtchJ rear end is scraichinglisell on a rcck. Il iis back iiches the $,an h.,gwill roll oler and s(ratch itself against the rock.

I just can't

,{ spiny arrearer las rolled u1into a ball. The spin) nliealernas hundreds of quills on itsL,ack tlat are like lelr sharneedles. lr]ren it s rolled intoa lall like this, it's lerx hard1or an enmt to tlr to atiack.

/. :r, '.

Tlese w]ld boars seemto be llaying i. tlemud. Bui aciuallj

gi rni ol ihe

. To the Parentllle spirr anteater is a extreneh prinilive nammalihai lives in Ausilalia. 1t is rerJ uusual be@Dse itlal,s eggs. and $hen they tralcl it leeds the yonng onnilk. Alrhoush it is orly a distant relative, ihehedgelos l.Dks sidilar and also ia quills lor JurTh places lnere boa* bathe in tle ntrd are cdiled wallows.

i: "_2


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Which Top Goes Where?sr,me thlllren 1rlarlns the hnt,rm halJ oI er,inraltol) t)ar1 rhould erl{rh ot' them put onl Trr hellrineii,rh.ri.,' ..1 i. rh ....-t.....ir..lc childr.r

Kangatoo

3Slaabbit

E2t., l,tlr,l lllf',n rh rilrr Itlirdi 1:r,1 ( lL.l lr, :L rl. "iAhri liinrin r (jn,l .nii1l l. .r the Leltl


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Elephant ciraffe

,,rA(i'

q)

El.Fhanl (.hild n the dght) llirifle r3rd.lril.l ].oar lh hli)


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Which Markings Are Which?The coat markiDgs numhered lrom I to {l are ali taken from thesix animals shown below. The],rnay seem to natch, but if ]ou lookcloseL5, you rvill see that something is dilterent. See horv longit \lill take you to find out which coat eoes with which animal.

@\

)

Leopard

Tiger


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't') or -? lit1*ttt

,W *Gh

@@;

e##r

rF;fqi*%b

fffi$f(I l)e r l. JrAurr rj Ginlli r. lirr r; a,Le.trh rj. L"ilr,


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What's Wrong Here?Here \re see pictures ol sr\'cral animels. If ],ou l,rokclosely l,ou ll see that there's something $Tong $ith.ll of tirem alrr . s..i r,hat's iirnnv about each r-'ne?

I{angaroo

Elephant


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t@' oao@o@ t6


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L-

?o


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time life wild animals.pdf

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