timber proposal

7/31/2019 Timber Proposal

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UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

KNS 4423

TIMBER ENGINEERING

Project Proposal

Name

Hwong Yew Leong (21075)

Harris Ling (21030)

Yap See Hock (22673)

Vincent Wong Hua Seng (22587)

Wong Yik Kuok (22662)

Date 5 April 2012

Lecturer Mr. Gaddafi Ismaili


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The Malaysian furniture industry became an international player due to the technical

developments that enable cheap and numerous source of timber such as rubber wood which is to

be turned into a value added product such furniture at a competitive price.

In 1995, there were about 2,965 furniture plants in Malaysia, with 2,630 in Peninsular

Malaysia, 120 in Sabah and 215 in Sarawak. It is estimated that 70% of the furniture plant were

small scale plants such as the workshops and backyard factories which using low level

production technology and catering to domestic markets (MTIB, 1995). The remaining 30%

were large and medium sized furniture plants which have penetrated the export markets (MTIB,

1995). In terms of ownership, it is estimated that more than 75% of the furniture companies are

either wholly or majority Malaysia owned (MIER, 1996).

Generally the Malaysian furniture manufacturers can be categorized into four categories:

Small and medium scale industries established and operating in the furniture village Small scale industries established and operating outside the furniture village Medium and large manufacturing companies-local owned Large manufacturing companies-joint venture and foreign owned

The factors affecting the export of furniture from a country can be divided into domestic

and international trade factors. The domestic factors are the supply of raw materials from both

domestic log productions and import sources and the export levy and quota rules. International

trade factors are the currency exchange rates and import price indexes. The selection of the

above factors was based on the discussions made relating the furniture development and the

market. Raw material supply and government factors have been identified in most of the

literatures related in this topic while the import price indexes were included to study the effect of

the exchange rate on export trends in view of the financial crisis that occurred in Asia last year.

Export of wooden furniture from Malaysia to the other countries in year 2011 is as shown

in table below. The main markets for Malaysian major wooden furniture are USA, Japan,

UK,West Asia, Australia, Singapore and Canada.


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The purpose of this project is to prepare a proposal on the potential market product made

from timber and to be presented to the client or bank for their financial support.

The idea must be supported with the data or study that has been conducted scientifically. The idea must be with the expected financial statement to support the project. The idea must be relevant that reflect to the available resources and has a potential in the

market demand with reasonable price.


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The proposed product for our group is a shoe rack. The material use for this product is

damar minyak (Agathis borneensis) which is one types of softwood in Malaysia. The table below

describes the general properties of the Damar Minyak and Rubber wood timber species.

Timber Species Damar Minyak

Botanical Name Agathis borneensis

Preview

Family Araucariaceae

Distribution Although common in mountain forests, it is also known to be

present at lower altitudes

Classification Softwood

General

Description

Sapwood is not differentiated from the heartwood, which is

buff or cream, sometimes with a pink tinge and darkening into

a light golden brown.Grain is straight. Texture is very fine and

even.Growth rings are present but not sharply marked,

indicated by layers of thicker walled tracheids.Fibres and

vessels are absent.Tracheids are radially grouped and loose in

arrangement.Wood parenchyma is in scanty patches, not

visible even under a hand lens.Rays are very fine, not visible

to the naked eye.

Timber Species RUBBERWOOD

Botanical Name Hevea brasiliensis

Preview

Family Euphorbiaceae

Distribution Grown throughout the country on undulating lowlands

Classification Light Hardwood

General Sapwood is not differentiated from the heartwood, which is


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Description pale cream in colour, often with a pink tinge. Grain is straight

to shallowly interlocked. Texture is moderately coarse but

even. Vessels are moderately large to large and have simple

perforations, moderately sparse, a few solitary with the

majority in radial pairs or multiples of up to 4, occasionally

radial multiples of 5 to 8 may be found and clustering of pores

is fairly common; distributed without any arrangement.

Tyloses are abundant. Wood parenchyma of the apotracheal

type is abundant and visible to the naked eye, appears as

narrow and closely but irregularly spaced bands, forming a

net-like pattern with the rays. Paratracheal type occurs as

narrow borders to the vessels. Rays are moderately fine and

visible to the naked eye, but are not prominent on the radial

surface.

The physical, mechanical and working properties of the proposed timber species are also

very important in the shoes rack manufacturing and practicability. The tables below show the

comparison between the properties of the two different wood materials.

Physical Properties:

Species

Properties

Rubberwood Damar Minyak

Air-Dry Density (kg/) 560-640 385-580

Shrinkage Radial (%) 0.8 1.2

Shrinkage Tangential (%) 1.2 2.5

Seasoning Seasons fairly rapidly but

care is needed to avoid

warping splitting

Seasons fairly slowly with

slight degrade

Recommended

Kiln Schedule

E (D for boards 50mm

thick and above)

D (C for boards thicker

than 40mm)


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Mechanical Properties:

Species Properties Rubberwood Damar Minyak

Strength Group SG5 SG6

Modulus of Elasticity

(N/)

9200 12000

Modulus of Rupture

(N/) (MPa)

66 66

Compressive Parallel to

Grain (N/)

32.3 33.6

Shear Strength (N/) 11 6.9

Durability Non-Durable Non-durableTreatability Easy Extremely Easy

Permeability (Absorption

of Preservative l/)

Very easy over 320 Very easy over 320

Working Properties:

Species

Properties

Rubberwood Damar Minyak

Planning Easy Easy

Finish Planning Smooth Smooth

Boring Easy Difficult

Finish Boring Fairly Smooth Rough

Turning Easy Easy

Finish Turning Moderately Smooth Smooth

Nailing Good Excellent


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Folding and multifunctional shoe rack

The basic of this particular shoe rack is the 2-tiered wooden shoe rack with bench on top.

This is type of shoe rack which is suitable for smaller family or less family members with small

amount of shoes storage.

Detailing:

1. Wooden shoe rack (two racks with bench on top shown)2. Stores about 10 pairs of shoes3. Naturally absorbs perspiration4. Inhibits fungus growth5. Stackable (depending on the stack design accessories)6. Can be applied with aromatic wood repels moths and insects7. Deodorizes closets8. Sand lightly for multiple uses9. Less assembly required.10. Size about 0.9m0.29m0.45m


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The product description of the proposed wooden shoe rack is that:

The shoe rack consume very less space as the typical shoe rack is about only two to three feethigh while a shoe cabinet can be as tall as five feet. The product can be extended or stacked

to allow extra shoes storage. This ensures that the storage capacity for shoes is just enough

and not wasting unnecessary space. Clearly if the product is properly used, the users will be

able to arrange all their shoes, boots, sandals, and etc in good order.

Shoe racks can help also help consumers or user to avoid tracking filth on the floor duringrainy and muddy days. In fact even if during sunny weather outside, dust and other dirt can

still be brought in. However with the shoe rack by the door will promote cleanliness in the

home. Moreover the product can also contribute to time saving and convenience when it

comes to clean-up and maintenance. The shoe racks products are more or less seen as a permanent fixture to a house. It is a good

addition to home furniture collection as well as a wonderful way to keep the consumer or

user shoes organized.

Besides the bench on the top allows consumers to sit conveniently while wearing their shoesor when tired after coming back from outside.

Material used to manufacture product:

The Damar Minyak is selectec as the material for proposed manufacture wooden shoe

product. It consider as the softwood which is very light in density and durable. In addition,

Damar Minyak were easy obtain (local wood source), smooth finishing, easy turning and

excellent in nailing. Hence, the properties of Damar Minyak are suitable to produce a good

quality of shoe racks.


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The advantages and disadvantages of the proposed shoe rack are as follow:

Advantages

1. The aromatic terms can be applied in the product specified for the purpose to retain its fresh

smell for long duration by making it a smart choice to be placed in poorly ventilated areas such

as closets and cupboards.

2. The product is made by using 100% local Damar Minyak softwood from the local Malaysia

for quality product.

3. The product has space efficient design with bench on top of seating purpose. It can hold up to

8 pairs ofmens shoes or 10 pairs of ladies shoes.

4. The product is very light and portable for convenient and easy carry purposes.

5. The product is also easy to assemble or dissemble for packing purposes or easy delivery to

other places.

6. Besides the distinct fragrance applied can also helps to repel insects or bugs by preventing

them from hiding inside the shoes or the closets and keep the closet naturally fresh without using

commercial perfumes.

Disadvantages

1. The product needs to be frequently sprayed with the moth spray freshener to maintain the

smells or the original fragrant of the product.

2. The wood product of the shoe rack might lead fire and easy burn up due to the properties of

the timber of flammable effects.

3. The durability of the wood made shoe rack may not be as tough compare to steel made or

plastic made shoe rack.


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4. The product of the wooden shoe rack above might not be able to sustain a large familys shoes

storage as extra stack are necessary to support the number of shoes load.

5. The price or cost of the product can be higher or expensive due to the high quality nature

wood sources used as the material and more handmade wood parts made by the skilled workers.

Estimated Cost

Timber product Rates

Sawn timber (all sizes of Chengal, Damar

Minyak, Nyatoh, Kembang Semangkok and Red

Balau)

RM255.00 per cubic metre or part thereof,

either kiln-dried (KD) or air-dried (AD) sawn

timber

(source from Malaysian Timber Industry Board)

Proposed dimension of the product = 0.9m0.29m0.45m

Volume of timber required to produce = (0.9m0.29m0.025m) 3

= 0.0196m3

1m3 - RM255

0.0196 - X

Timber cost per unit, X= 0.0196 255

= RM 5.00

Assembly cost & the bolt cost = 5+ number of boltcost per bolt

= 5+ 24 0.15

= RM 8.60

Finishing cost( cutting, painting& etc) = RM 8.00

Total cost per unit shoe rack = 5+8.6+8


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= RM21.60

Earning Profit

Price per unit shoe rack = RM 40.00

Profit per unit= 40-21.60

= RM 18.40

Earning Rate

Earning rate per unit= 18.40/21.60100%

= 85.2%

Conclusion

The appearance of the proposed shoe rack that showed in above figure is very modern and

attractive. According to the estimated earning, this product can bring high return within short

periods. This product will be popular in local furniture market because of its special design and

reliable quality and competitive price. Besides that, this product also can be export throughout

Malaysia and other timber productmain market such as USA, Japan, UK,West Asia, Australia,

Singapore and Canada.


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References

Timber technology and Engineering information resources (TTEIR). Retrieved 3 March 2012

fromhttp://timbertech.frim.gov.my/TimberSpeciesDb1.aspx

Export of the wooden furniture Malaysia. Retrieved 4 March 2012from

http://www.mtib.gov.my/repository/Statistik/malaysia/Year_2011/September2011/stats-msia-

sept-11-woodn-furn.pdf

Malaysia Timber Industrial Source. Retrieved 4 March 2012from

http://www.mtib.gov.my/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1636&Itemid=67&l

ang=en&showall=1
http://timbertech.frim.gov.my/TimberSpeciesDb1.aspxhttp://timbertech.frim.gov.my/TimberSpeciesDb1.aspxhttp://timbertech.frim.gov.my/TimberSpeciesDb1.aspxhttp://www.mtib.gov.my/repository/Statistik/malaysia/Year_2011/September2011/stats-msia-sept-11-woodn-furn.pdfhttp://www.mtib.gov.my/repository/Statistik/malaysia/Year_2011/September2011/stats-msia-sept-11-woodn-furn.pdfhttp://www.mtib.gov.my/repository/Statistik/malaysia/Year_2011/September2011/stats-msia-sept-11-woodn-furn.pdfhttp://www.mtib.gov.my/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1636&Itemid=67&lang=en&showall=1http://www.mtib.gov.my/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1636&Itemid=67&lang=en&showall=1http://www.mtib.gov.my/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1636&Itemid=67&lang=en&showall=1http://www.mtib.gov.my/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1636&Itemid=67&lang=en&showall=1http://www.mtib.gov.my/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1636&Itemid=67&lang=en&showall=1http://www.mtib.gov.my/repository/Statistik/malaysia/Year_2011/September2011/stats-msia-sept-11-woodn-furn.pdfhttp://www.mtib.gov.my/repository/Statistik/malaysia/Year_2011/September2011/stats-msia-sept-11-woodn-furn.pdfhttp://timbertech.frim.gov.my/TimberSpeciesDb1.aspx

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