tim roufs welcome to the the american lithic university of minnesota duluth
TRANSCRIPT
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Tim Roufs
Welcome to the
The American Lithic
University of Minnesota Duluth
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www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth3618/mastages_handout.html
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www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth3618/mastages_handout.html
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Mexico (5th ed.). Michael D. Coe and Rex Koontz. NY:Thames and Hudson, 2002, p. 9.
Text:
Mexico(5th ed)
Page 9
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Mexico (5th ed.). Michael D. Coe and Rex Koontz. NY:Thames and Hudson, 2002, p. 9.
Text:
Mexico(5th ed)
Page 9
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www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth3618/mastages_handout.html
Text: Mexico, page 9
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www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth3618/mastages_handout.html
Mexico, Ch. 2, “Early Hunters”
Mexico, Ch. 3, “The Archaic Period”
Mexico, Ch. 4, “The Preclassic Period:Early Villagers”
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www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth3618/mastages_handout.html
The Maya, Ch. 2, “The Earliest Maya”
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www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth3618/mastages_handout.html
Mexico, Ch. 2, “Early Hunters”
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http://weber.ucsd.edu/~dkjordan/arch/mexchron.html#EarlyHunters
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After Willey and Phillips, Method and Theory in American Archaeology.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970
Nine Important Points
for the Lithic Stage
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www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth3618/mastages_handout.html
Mexico, Ch. 2, “Early Hunters”
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http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth3618/ma_timeline.html#lithic
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Lithic Stage
rough and chippedstone artifacts
1. Principle stage criteria:
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Tehuacán,Puebla
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Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th Ed., p. 358
Early farming in the Americas
this will later
become famous for the
origin of maize…
4,200 ybp
Tehuacán Valley,Puebla, Mexico
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Lithic Stage
late glacial and early
postglacial environments
of the New World
2. Natural Context:
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Lithic Stage
the environmental contexts
of the Late Pleistocene
indicate a climate quite
different from that of the
present
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Lithic Stage
this stage may have ranged
from as early as 38,000 ? B.C.
down to about 5000 B.C., although the later limit varies
considerably
• some suggest 7000 B.C.
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www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth3618/mastages_handout.html
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http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth3618/ma_timeline.html#lithic
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Lithic Stage
3. Evidences are most
complete in Western North
America
• particularly in the High Plains
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http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/reference_maps/north_america.html
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Lithic Stage
3. Evidences are most complete in
Western North America
• particularly in the High Plains
• but also included is the Central Mexican Area and Taumalipas
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Lithic Stage
4. Two major technological
traditions, or groups of
traditions are postulated in
the Lithic Stage . . .
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Lithic Stage
4.A. One is characterized by
pressure flaking and
lanceolate blades . . .
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Major types of North American Paleo-Indian projectile points.
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology (8th ed), p. 386
Clovis Folsom Plano Dalton
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Life Nature Library, Early Man, p. 111
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Lithic Stage
e.g., Clovis points
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http://www.sdsmt.edu/wwwsarc/collectn/stone/clovis.html
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http://www.ele.net/art_folsom/pre-clovis_2004/preclovis2004.htm
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Lithic Stage
e.g., Angostura points
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http://www.csasi.org/2001_january_journal/cibolo_creek_site.htm
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Lithic Stage
4.B. The other is characterized
by percussion chipping
and crude choppers and
scrapers . . .
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Life Nature Library, Early Man, p. 110
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Life Nature Library, Early Man, p. 110
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Lithic Stage
e.g., stone tools from the
Tamaulipas Archaic are similar
to this
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Lithic Stage
5. The percussion chipper-
scraper tradition may have
earlier beginnings than the
pressure-flaked-blade
traditions . . .
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Lithic Stage
there is good evidence that the
two existed contemporaneously
for a long time
Whether or not the percussion
chipper-scraper tradition is older
remains to be demonstrated as
fact, but . . .
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Lithic Stage
Alex Krieger
Major Proponent for an “Early Lithic”:
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http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth3618/mastages_handout.html
Alex Krieger
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www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth3618/mastages_handout.html
Alex Krieger
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Lithic Stage
6. The pressure-flaked-blade
traditions are clearly best
adapted to the ancient
grassland environment of
the Plains and the East . . .
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http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/reference_maps/north_america.html
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Lithic Stage
and (with the pressure-flaked-blade)
to the hunting of large
animals now extinct
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http://www.unmuseum.org/mastodon.htm
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Lithic Stage
the percussion chipper-
scraper traditions seem more
at home in the semiarid
environments of the Greater
Southwest . . .
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http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/reference_maps/north_america.html
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http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/archaeology/artifacts/gilapottery.html
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Lithic Stage
. . . associated (with the percussion
chipper-scraper) in the Greater
Southwest with the economic
pursuits of gathering
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Lithic Stage
in some instances both the
pressure-flaked-blade
traditions and the percussion
chipper-scraper traditions may
appear in the archaeological
assemblage of a single culture
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Lithic Stage
e.g., Sta. Isabel Iztapán
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Sta. Isabel Ixtapán
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Lithic Stage
7. Both the pressure-flaked-
blade and the percussion
chipper-scraper traditions
show continuity into later
cultures of the succeeding
Archaic Stage . . .
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http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth3618/ma_timeline.html#lithic
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Lithic Stage
. . . this is especially true of
the percussion chopper-
scraper traditions which carry
on into the later Archaic
Desert cultures of the Greater
Southwest
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http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/archaeology/artifacts/gilapottery.html
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Lithic Stage
8. The origins of the Lithic culture
in North America – unlike the
Old World – are still fairly
obscure
• and it is not clear whether there was a “Pre-Clovis culture”
• one which was here before stone tool making
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http://www.ele.net/art_folsom/pre-clovis_2004/preclovis2004.htm
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Lithic Stage
9. Populations in the Lithic
Stage were small and
scattered, but by 5000 B.C.
or before, humans had
found their way over most
of the New World
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http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/reference_maps/north_america.html
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Lithic Stage
Discussion
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Lithic Stage
“Lithic” is not entirely satisfactory
as a name, but evidence on this
stage is predominantly of stone
technology
• there are, however, an increasing number
of bone finds
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Lithic Stage
the Lithic is the stage of
adaptation by immigrant
societies to the late glacial
and early postglacial climatic
and physiographic conditions
of the New World
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Lithic Stage
the effective working criteria are, therefore, associations of artifacts and other evidences of human activity in geological deposits
• or with plant and animal remains which reflect these times and conditions
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Lithic Stage
the nature of the finds
indicates that the
predominant economic activity
of this stage, at least in
certain areas, was hunting
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Lithic Stage
• main emphasis was on
large herbivores, including
extinct Pleistocene forms
• the Lithic is pre-eminently a hunting stage, although other economic patterns were certainly present
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Lithic Stage
the general pattern of life was
migratory in the full sense of
the word
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Lithic Stage
knowledge of the culture in the
Lithic stage are few
• lithic technology covers an immense range of rough and chipped stone traditions
•but it does not include the practice of grinding and polishing
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Lithic Stage
work in bone and horn is
assumed to have been
important, but the evidence
has largely disappeared
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Tools and Technologies
• lithic (stone)
•bone, tooth, horn / antler
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Glossary
osteo = "bone"
donto = "tooth"
keratic = "horn"
osteodontokeratic
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Glossary
osteo = "bone"
donto = "tooth"
keratic = "horn"
osteodontokeratic
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Bone awl, Emeryville, CA.http://emeryville.wli.net/gallery/gallery2/bone_top_10_list.htm
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Glossary
osteo = "bone"
donto = "tooth"
keratic = "horn"
osteodontokeratic
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Glossary
osteo = "bone"
donto = "tooth"
keratic = "horn"
osteodontokeratic
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http://www.arts.uwaterloo.ca/ANTHRO/rwpark/ArcticArchStuff/TLArts.html
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Lithic Stage
settlement and habitation
patterns were such as to leave
few traces in the ground
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Lithic Stage
sociopolitical inferences for
this stage are hazardous
•a small-scale kinship type of
organization is postulated, but
within this generalization there is
room for a high degree of variability
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Tehuacán
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Lithic Stage
data do not support the view that
because Lithic cultures are
relatively simple they are also
uniform
• all parts of the continent were settled
in these days, but trait lists suggest
they were different
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Lithic Stage
TehuacánTamaulipas (Diablo and La Perra Phases)
TepexpanSta. Isabel IxtapánTlapacoyaValsequilloTequixquiac
Lithic Sites include:
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Tehuacán
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http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth3618/ma_timeline.html#lithic
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Lithic Stage
TehuacánTamaulipas (Diablo and La Perra Phases)
TepexpanSta. Isabel IxtapánTlapacoyaValsequilloTequixquiac
Lithic Sites include:
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Tamaulipas
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http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth3618/ma_timeline.html#lithic
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Lithic Stage
TehuacánTamaulipas (Diablo and La Perra Phases)
TepexpanSta. Isabel IxtapánTlapacoyaValsequilloTequixquiac
Lithic Sites include:
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Tepexpán
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Tepexpán
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http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth3618/ma_timeline.html#lithic
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Lithic Stage
TehuacánTamaulipas (Diablo and La Perra Phases)
TepexpanSta. Isabel IxtapánTlapacoyaValsequilloTequixquiac
Lithic Sites include:
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Sta. Isabel Ixtapán
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http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth3618/ma_timeline.html#lithic
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Lithic Stage
TehuacánTamaulipas (Diablo and La Perra Phases)
TepexpanSta. Isabel IxtapánTlapacoyaValsequilloTequixquiac
Lithic Sites include:
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Tlapacoya
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http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth3618/ma_timeline.html#lithic
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Lithic Stage
TehuacánTamaulipas (Diablo and La Perra Phases)
TepexpanSta. Isabel IxtapánTlapacoyaValsequilloTequixquiac
Lithic Sites include:
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Valsequillo
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http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth3618/ma_timeline.html#lithic
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Lithic Stage
TehuacánTamaulipas (Diablo and La Perra Phases)
TepexpanSta. Isabel IxtapánTlapacoyaValsequilloTequixquiac
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Tequixquiac
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http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth3618/ma_timeline.html#lithic
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Tequixquiac
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Lithic Stage
TehuacánTamaulipas (Diablo and La Perra Phases)
TepexpanSta. Isabel IxtapánTlapacoyaValsequilloTequixquiac
Lithic Sites include:
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What happens next?
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http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth3618/mastages_handout.html
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http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth3618/ma_timeline.html#lithic
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And after that?
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Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 479.
Time line of “New World Civilizations.”
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Tim Roufs
Welcome to the
The American Archaic
University of Minnesota Duluth
End of The Lithic
Continue on to