tiger

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tiger (Panthera tigris) is one of four species of the subfamily of thepanterinos (family Felidae) belonging to the genus Panthera. It is found onlyin Asia; It is a carnivorous predator species and is the world's largest feline! may reach comparable to fossil felines larger si"e.

#here are si$ subspecies of tiger of which %engal is the largest; its units

constitute about & of the total population of the species; It is found inIndia %angladesh %hutan %urma and epal. It is an endangered species *and today most of tigers in the world live in captivity. #he tiger is thenational animal of %angladesh and India.+

It is a solitary and territorial animal generally usually inhabit dense forestsbut also open areas such as savannahs. ormally the animals tiger huntingmedium to large si"e generally ungulates. In the si$ di,erent e$isting tigersubspecies there is signi-cant variation in si"e. ale tigers have a muchgreater than the si"e of females. /imilarly the territory of a male usuallycovers more than a female area.

#he tiger is the world's largest comparable in si"e to the biggest fossil felidsfeline. #he si"e of tigers and other characteristics vary from one subspeciesto another. In the wild male tigers have a weight ranging from 0 to 1+2g and a length of 3341& cm including the tail which measures between+ and 00 cm and 54033 cm at the withers. eanwhile the much smallerfemales weigh &*40+5 2g. and a total length of 30435* cm.5 6urrently thesmallest subspecies is the /umatran tiger while the larger are the Amurtiger and the %engal tiger.

ost tigers have orange or tawny coat an area middle and ventral whitishstripes and tone varies from dar2 brown to blac2. #he form and amount ofthe stripes vary according to se$ (if female striped amount is low) but mosttigers usually have less than 0 stripes. #he pattern of stripes is uni7ue toeach individual and can use this to identify an individual in the same waythat -ngerprints are used to identify a person. 8owever due to the di9cultyof recording the stripe pattern of a wild tiger this is not the most widelyused method for identifying a tiger. Probably the function of stripes iscamou:age ma2ing it useful to hide from potential prey. #he stripe patternis also found in the s2in of the tiger so if shaved its distinctive stripes canbe observed.

Territory

Adult tigers usually -ercely territorial and hunt a lot. #he tigress may have aterritory of 3 s7uare 2ilometers while the territories of males are muchlarger covering an average area of & s7uare 2ilometers; however the si"eof the territory depends on the di,erent populations of the tiger beinglarger territories belonging to the tigers of /outheast ussia than any othertiger subspecies.

Reproduction

Tiger cub

A female is only receptive for a few days and mating may occur severaltimes during this time. <estation lasts about 01 days and after spending

this period the female gives birth to one to si$ pups less than one 2ilogram.

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Adult males may 2ill the pups to receptive females.

=hen completing eight wee2s of age the pups are ready to leave their denand follow their mother. >uveniles become independent around 0& months of age but to an appro$imate average age of between two years and twoyears and de-nitely not separated from their mother. #igers reach se$ual

maturity at three or four years old. ?oung tigers usually establish theirterritory very close to his mother while males tend to wander in search of aterritory usually ac7uired through struggles with the male owner of acertain territory. #he tigers usually give birth to a similar number of malesand females throughout his life.

#igers are well bred in "oos or other conservation sites and in the @nited/tates alone the population of tigers in captivity is as large as the totalnumber of tigers in the wild. 6itation neededB

Ciet

#iger teeth. #heir tus2s are used for 2illing prey; #hey are also used to tearthe meat.

In the wild tigers are fed mainly ungulates large though li2e many otherpredators tigers are opportunistic and not despise small prey such asmon2eys peacoc2s rabbits and even -sh. In /iberia the main prey of thetiger are el2 wild boar shi2a deer roe deer and mus2 deer while on theisland of /umatra #imor deer wild boar and the alayan tapir is huntedprey more often for the /umatran tiger. #hey are also able to hunt largeherbivores such as gaur water bu,alo and el2.

Among its usual prey are also some other large predators li2e striped

hyenas wolves cuones reticulated pythons Indian pythons #ibetan bearssloth bears sun bears /iamese crocodile gharial gharial yfalsos; whilesometimes they attac2 cheetahs leopards and crocodiles of the marshesalthough the felines appointed only devour food shortages since the attac2normally considered competitors for prey and pose a danger to their youngbut do not eat them. 6ases of tigers that have hunted saltwater crocodilesalthough it is rarely as both predators avoid be 2nown but when thecrocodile is on land or in shallow water becomes a potential prey of an adulttiger . oreover Amur tigers and gri""ly bears are a serious threatreciprocal and both tend to be avoided. 8owever statistics show that thetiger is the most fre7uent battles between animals winner as bears huntedby tigers usually Duveniles or females considerably smaller than the malebears.

EingdomPhylum 6hordata/ubphylum Gertebrata6lass ammalia/ubclass #heria@nderclass PlacentaliaHrder 6arnivora

/uborder FeliformiaFamily Felidae/ubfamily Pantherinae<enre Panthera/pecies Panthera tigris(innaeus 05*&)

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Juropean abbit or 6ommon abbit (Hryctolagus cuniculus) is a species ofmammal lagomorfo lafamilia eporidae and the only current member of thegenus Hryctolagus. It included in the list 0 of the most harmful invasivealien species world3 of the International @nion for 6onservation of ature.

#he term comes from the <ree2 orycto KLMNOQ (ori2tRs SformerB dug dugupS) and Jastern KLTUUVWX (orissein SdigS) referring to the customse$cavators characteristics of this species in the wild while the <ree2 termYZ[Q (la2es) means strictly liebre.1

#o discover the origin of the species name and its common name must gobac2 to a few centuries before 6hrist. #he rabbit was an animal un2nown tothe <ree2s and omans of the Antig\edad7ue visited the Iberian Peninsula.

#he <ree2 historian Polybius (. II century %6) described for the -rst timeCescription

It is characteri"ed by having a body covered with a thic2 shaggy coat palebrown to gray oval head and large eyes. =eighs between 0.* and 3.* 2g inthe wild. It has long ears of up to 5 cm which help regulate bodytemperature and unacola very short. #heir front legs are shorter than theposterior. It measures 114* cm. in gentle conditions even in domestic beefbreeds. All of these characteristics possessed by this species in the wild canvary signi-cantly by race.CistributionIt was abundant in the Paleolithic Dudging from the remains discovered inthe Peninsula Ib]rica.* #oday its range encompasses orth Africa andJurope to ussia being introduced in many parts of Africa for huntingpurposes. #hroughout history it has also been brought to the state of

=ashington (@nited /tates) 6hile /outh Africa and Australia where thearoons rabbits have become a maDor pest in the country due to theabsence dedepredadores and competitors naturales.+8abitatives in dry areas close to sea level with soft sandy soil and to facilitate theconstruction of burrows. #hey live in forests but prefer e$tensive -eldscovered by bushes where they can hide. Formerly they were also fre7uent infarmland although new plowing methods include destruction of rabbitwarrens. 8owever this species has adapted to human activity living inpar2s lawns or even cemeteries. /ometimes they found in agricultural cropswhere they feed on ettuce grains or roots whose aim was human inta2e.

%ehavior #he rabbit is a gregarious and territorial animal (areas of less than 0* msometimes only 0 or 3). @nder optimal conditions of land and food they

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prefer to live in long and comple$ burrows or dens. #hey live from + to 0adults of both se$es. #he dominance hierarchy in males is importantbecause it establishes who has priority for mating.

FeedingJnd of a rabbit warren droppings (paper points far .* cm.)

#he abundance of the species is based in addition to their reproductivecapacity in its capacity -tRfago double digestion resembling ruminants.Indeed the rabbit caecotrophy practice so that the loose stools(cecotrophs) and proteins rich in bacteria are reingeridas for a seconddigestive tract. #hese droppings are more fre7uent in the morning when theanimals are at rest.Giral pests editB

#he domestic rabbit constitutes a plague in many countries that have triedto control their numbers through the deliberate introduction of contagiousdiseases. #he clearest e$ample is the my$omatosis enAustralia introducedin 0^* and in 0^*3 in France from where it spread throughout Jurope.

ComesticationIt is an animal of relatively recent domestication. In * a. 6. in 6hina6onfucius described as their ancestors domesticated rabbits for food ando,ering to their dioses.^ #here are historical evidence that losromanos inthe -rst century. 6. and 2ept rabbits in captivity to produce meat. %etweenGI and _ century they began to select rabbits monDesfranceses to form adownline greater meat aptitude. #hese mon2s were accustomed to eatingSlaurinesS in period of ent as they were included in the Swater courseS.

#hus taming rabbits began in the monasteries south of France about 0!years ago at the time the wild rabbits were restricted to the IberianPeninsula with Hryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus cuniculus yHryctolagusalgirus; and France coloni"ed Hryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus

#hey are restless and curious generally good4tempered animals. As preyanimals do not li2e to be pic2ed up or handled roughly. For this reason theyshould not be handled by children under & years and always with adultsupervision. #hey can learn to relieve themselves in a tray (never litter)vegetable bed facilitating daily cleaning. #hey are very clean animals whodo not need to bathe being absolutely forbidden to do so. ?our digestivetract is e$tremely sensitive to what one of the foundations of their welfare isproper feeding of hay and green leafy vegetables. For being a prey animal itis often di9cult to detect when they are sic2 because they tend to hide thesymptoms. =hat in nature helps them to avoid attracting attention from

predators in the home environment is a problem in time to catch importantand dangerous diseases. #herefore you must observe and learn good eatinghabits behavior and contact a veterinarian specialist in e$otic animals to aminimum change of any 2ind regarding usual. #hey are very 7uiet andintelligent pets.

abbits in Jurope should be vaccinated against my$omatosis and viralhaemorrhagic disease.

@pon reaching se$ual maturity behavioral problems that are solved bysterili"ation by an e$pert veterinarian they may appear e$otic. It is advisableto sterili"e the females who have a pet because the li2elihood of uterine or

ovarian tumors is very high. /terili"ed copies can be together withoutproblems -ghts between them. abbits are social animals and therefore

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must live in the company of individuals of the species. It is best to have atleast one pair of male and female both sterili"ed. abbits living with otherrabbits have a longer life better 7uality of life less destructive behaviorsand less disease.

tiger

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