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of Pulaski CountyIssue 26November 17, 2010

TIDBITS® LOOKS FOR TURKEYS AND

OTHER BIG BIRDSby Patricia L. Cook

A large majority of people in the United States will be eating turkey for Thanksgiving on November 25. Canadians had their Thanksgiving on October 11 and most probably ate some of the big birds as well. Turkeys are likely the most popular big birds in America, but there are also other big birds worth noting; some that are great to eat and some, not so much!

•Wild turkeys arenative to theEasternUnitedStates and NorthernMexico. They were firstdomesticated by the Aztecs in Mexico. Related to pheasants, turkeys are the only breed of poultry nativetothewesternhemisphere.Wildturkeysrun up to 25 miles per hour (40 km/hr) and can flyshortdistancesupto55milesperhour(88.5km/hr).

•NativeAmericansprimarilyraisedturkeysfortheir feathers when they were domesticated over 1,500 years ago. They valued the feathers were valued for their ceremonies and rituals and used them when making blankets and robes.

•Domesticturkeysthatareraisedforfood,suchas our traditional Thanksgiving meals, are too heavytofly.Theygenerallyweightwicethatofwild turkeys.

•Mostwild turkeys are found inPennsylvania,Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Texas, New Mexico and Arizona. Some states have hunting seasons for the birds.

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Games...........................................................Pg. 2Veteran’s Post (Military Life Column)............Pg. 2Trivia..............................................................Pg. 3Pet Bits (Pet Advice Column)...........................Pg. 4Health Bits.....................................................Pg. 4Dining Guide..................................................Pg. 5Strange But True (Fun Facts)..........................Pg. 5Home Improvement Tips...............................Pg. 6Community Calendar.....................................Pg. 6Senior News Line..........................................Pg. 7Horoscopes...................................................Pg. 7Answers (Trivia & Games)..................................Pg. 7Ride Guide (Automotive Section).....................Pg. 8

Table of Contents:

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Page 2 Tidbits® of Pulaski CountyBIG BIRDS (continued):

•Anotherbigbird, theCaliforniacondor, is thelargestflyingbirdinNorthAmerica.Inthe1980s,theCaliforniaCondorRecoveryProgramstartedwith a small group of 27 captured condors to prevent their extinction. The endangered species now has over 300 birds in the wild. A unique feature of these big birds is that they have nails similar to toenails instead of claws or talons.

•Californiacondorsarevulturesanddefinitelyone of the birds we don’t want to eat! Vulture is a word that most people associate with “yuck!” They eat carrion (dead animal carcasses), so are considered part of “nature’s clean-up crew.” Theseamazingbirdscanflyupto55milesperhour (88km/hr) andcanclimb toaltitudesof15,000 feet (4,600 m). They have a lifespan of up to 50 years.

It isn’t easy to diagnose Traumatic Brain Injury, es-pecially the milder cases. Unlike a surface wound, these injuries can’t be seen, and they don’t show up on imaging either. Added to that, the symptoms, usu-ally headaches, can be caused by any number of other reasons. Still, the main reason for TBI -- nearby explo-sions that literally rattle the brain -- can’t be ignored. If not treated, the problem can lead to permanent cog-nitive damage, especially if a second injury happens.

The Army, however, believes it’s found a way to diag-nose mild TBI, and it’s as simple as a blood test. It’s discovered two unique proteins that are present in the blood after a brain injury. The problem is that the test was done on just 34 patients.

Right now the Army is waiting for approval from the FoodandDrugAdministration. Ideally, if the test isapproved, a veteran who’s been struggling to get care for a TBI, and not getting much cooperation from the Veterans Administration, will be able to walk in and get a blood test that gives the real answer. If the pro-teins are in the blood, there is TBI.

If the test is approved for use, there could well be one additionalbenefit:Thescientificproofofabrain in-jury could lead to many more soldiers and veterans be-ingawardedthePurpleHeart.Atthispointnotmanyget it, even though the injury is just as damaging as wounds that can be seen.

TheArmyAwardslist,Section2-8g.(5),whichgivesexamples of injuries that “clearly justify award” of the PurpleHeart,includes:concussioninjuriescausedasa result of enemy-generated explosions.

Traumatic Brain Injury

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BIG BIRDS (continued):

•NativeAmericansseethecondorasasymbolof power. Calling it the thunderbird, they believe the beating of a condor’s wings will bring thunder to the skies.

•Hungryforanomelet?Oneostricheggequalsabout two dozen chicken eggs! You’ll sure need friends to share with if you choose an ostrich egg for breakfast, and, because of its high acidity, antacids may be needed as well.

•Itisamyththatostrichesburytheirheadsinthesand.Whenthreatened,theytrytohidebylyingflatonthegroundorrunning;theycannotfly.Theyarethefastestbirdsonland,capableofsprinting at 45 miles per hour (70 km/h). Their powerful, long legs can cover 10-16 feet (3-5 m) in a single stride. Their size is also impressive. Ostrichesare7-9feet(2.1-2.7m)tallwhenfullygrown and weigh 220-350 pounds (100-160 kg). Like turkeys, these birds have tasty meat. Unlike turkeys, however, the meat is red and tastes more like beef. It is very low in cholesterol and fat. Ostriches are natives of Africa.

•Theemuisanotherflightlessbirdthathashealthyredmeat.Itis97percentfatfree.Emuoilissaidto be the “perfect emollient” and comes from a padding of thick fat on the back of the bird, a natural protection from the extreme heat of its nativehomeland,Australia.Emusare

1. Is the book of Deborah in the Old or New Testament or neither?2. Of these, who wasn’t on the Mount of Transfiguration with Je-sus? Peter, James, John, Andrew3. From Matthew 13, how many of Jesus’ “brothers” wrote books of the Bible? Zero, 1, 2, 34. Of these, who had 300 concubines? Pharaoh, King Solomon, Saul, Adam5. What is the biblical interpretation of a concubine? Oven, Sec-ondary wife, Chariot, Gold bracelet

6. In which city did King Ahasuerus mainly live? Corinth, Gath, Berea, Shushan

1. TELEVISION: What was the first name of Mr. Spock’s mother in “Star Trek”?2. U.S. STATES: What is Florida’s official state flower?3. FAMOUS QUOTES: Who once said, “If you don’t know where you are going, you will wind up somewhere else”?4. ARCHITECTURE: Which architect’s winter residence was called Taliesin West?5. MATH: How many sides does an octagon have?6. HUMAN ANATOMY: Where is the humerus bone located?7. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE: What is a “one-armed bandit”?8. LANGUAGE: What does the Latin prefix “lacto” mean?9. U.S. PRESIDENTS: Which president said, “I’m the president of the United States, and I’m not going to eat any more broccoli”?10. SCIENCE: What is a more common name for “light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation”?

BIBLETRIVIASPONSOR:Your Ad Here How many times, through 2010, had New York Yankees reliever Mariano Rivera recorded 40-plus saves in a season? Name the last pitcher before Mike Mussina (Yankees in 2008) to win 20-plus games in his final season in the majors.

Who had more field goals during their NFL career: Morten Andersen or the Bahr brothers (Chris and Matt)? Name the last first-year Kentucky men’s basketball coach before John Calipari in 2009-10 to start a season 10-0. When was the last time before a New Jersey-Chicago game in 2010 that the NHL had a penalty-free contest? In 2001-02, Arizona’s Jennie Finch set the NCAA record for most consecutive pitching victories in softball. How many was it? Name the last golfers before Rory McIlroy in 2010 to have a score of 63 during a round at the British Open.

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BIG BIRDS (continued):

the national bird of Australia and are farmed in many places for their meat and oil.

•Alittlesmallerthanostriches,emusweighupto150pounds(68kg)andstand5-6feet(1.5-1.8m)tall.Emueggsaredarkgreenandweighanaverageof1.5pounds(.68kg).

•AnotherbigbirdfromAustralia(andalsoNewGuinea) is the cassowary. Its eggs are green-blue and also very large but, because the cassowary is aggressive and dangerous, they have not been domesticated.

•Kiwis are not only a tasty fruit but also thenationalbirdofNewZealand.Kiwisareonlyabout the size of chickens but lay large eggs — about ten times the size of chicken eggs. The nostrilsonthisflightlessbirdareonthetipofitsbeakandareusedforsniffingoutfoodatnight.

•In1906,KiwiShoePolish,soldinsmallcanswith a kiwi symbol on the lid, became a very popular new product. It was marketed by an Australian from Melbourne who had a New Zealand-born wife. All over the world people from New Zealand are referred to affectionately as “kiwis.”

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DEAR PAW’S CORNER: My 6-month-old Lab mix, “Charlie,” scratches and bites at his fur a lot. This started a couple of weeks ago, and he scratches most of the day. Does he have fleas? I can’t see any. - Darlene H., Baton Rouge

DEARDARLENE: It’s entirely possible for yourpettohavefleaswithoutyoubeingabletoseethemor experiencing their itchy bites yourself. If there is one telltale indicator of infestation, however, it’s “fleadirt”:tinyblackflecksinhisfuroronhisskinthat look kind of like black pepper. But he may not evenhavethat,atfirst.

Charlie also could be having an allergic reaction to something.Hecouldevenhaveafleaortwoandbehaving an allergic reaction to their bites. You can

check for this by looking at the skin of his hind legs and at the base of his tail. Are there small red bumps raisedthere?

Ifyoufindevidenceoffleasbutnootherproblems(like allergic reaction, infected scratch marks, etc.), treatCharlieforfleasandmonitorhimmorecloselythan usual for a few weeks to make sure scratching does not resume. In addition, treat your home and entrywaystopreventfleasandincrease thenumberof times per week you vacuum (and be sure to change the vacuum bag frequently too).

Ifyoucan’tfindfleasortheirevidence,orhekeepsscratching after treatment, take Charlie to the veterinarian to look for other problems like allergies, skin disease or a hidden illness.

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To Your Good Health ByPaulG.Donohue,M.D.

DEAR DR. DONOHUE: What are triglycerides? What do they do to you? I am a 55-year-old male in good health, or so I thought. My lab tests have shown I have elevated triglycerides. My doctor believes I need to make funeral arrangements. He told me to cut down on fats. I have never eaten much fat. I don’t use butter. How do I get my level down? -- R.F.

ANSWER: Triglycerides are fats. The marbling in meat and the stuff that surrounds a cut of meat are triglycerides. In the blood, they are not solids. They’re a source of energy for body cells. Excess amounts are stored as fat.

Cholesterol gets all the blame for clogging heart arteries and causing heart attacks. But triglycerides bear part of the blame. A very high blood triglyceride level inflames the pancreas -- pancreatitis. That happens, but is a somewhat rare event compared with other causes of pancreatitis.

The normal triglyceride reading should be less than 150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L). Values between 150 and 199 (1.7 to 2.2) are considered borderline high. Anything above 500 (5.6) is very high.

Weight reduction almost always brings down triglycerides. Fatty foods, fatty meats and fried foods should be eaten sparingly. Surprisingly, sugar raises triglycerides, as does immoderate alcohol drinking. Omega-3 fatty acids lower them. Fish --

Triglycerides Can Clog Arteries

a good source of omega-3 fatty acids -- therefore, ought to be a major part of two weekly meals. If you don’t like the taste of fish, you can take omega-3 in pills.

I know people must cringe when they hear exercise mentioned, as it appears to be a panacea for every ill. A half-hour of brisk walking on most days of the week reliably lowers triglycerides. You can start more modestly, and work your way to the 30-minute goal. If none of these lowers your triglycerides, medicines can. Lopid, Tricor and niacin are three reliable drugs.***DEAR DR. DONOHUE: I just received a lab slip from my doctor’s office for tests that should be done before my visit. Electrolytes are circled. What are they? They sound like something to do with electricity. -- M.Z.

ANSWER: Electrolytes are sodium, potassium, bicarbonate and chloride. They do have something to do with electricity -- they carry a charge. They’re involved in a huge number of body processes, including keeping the heart beating, facilitating nerve transmission, helping muscle contractions and maintaining the balance between acids and bases.

The booklet on electrolytes describes their functions and details the things that can go wrong when one or other is deficient or excessive. Readers can order a copy by writing: Dr. Donohue -- No. 202W, Box 536475, Orlando, FL 32853-6475. Enclose a check or money order (no cash) for $4.75 U.S./$6 Canada with the recipient’s printed name and address. Please allow four weeks for delivery.***DEAR DR. DONOHUE: I have trouble with weak ankles. I am always twisting one or the other. Which is better for me -- tape or an elastic brace? -- T.J.

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BIG BIRDS (continued):

•Twospeciesofrheas,whicharealsoflightlessbirds, are native to South America, and they also havehealthyredmeat.“Eggers,”crafterswhodecorateeggs,loverheaeggs.Darwin’srheaslay pale green eggs, and common rheas lay eggs that are golden in color.

• Not golden, but silver in color, are the statequarters that were minted in the United States from1999to2008.TheIdahoquarterreleasedin2007 has a peregrine falcon on it. The peregrine falcon has the ability to top 200 miles an hour (320km/hr)whendivingforpreywhileflying.TheWorldCenterforBirdsofPrey,locatedinBoise, Idaho, was dedicated in 1984 to helpwith the conservation and protection of these magnificentbigbirds.They,liketheCaliforniacondors mentioned earlier, are raptors, and are not for eating. They catch prey with their talons and have excellent vision.

•AlbatrossesliveinthesouthernseasnearAustralia and the Antarctic. There are 13

species of these large birds that mate for life and canlivetobeasoldashumans–80-85years!Whenanalbatrossleavesitsnestitmightnot

• It was British playwright Tom Stoppard who made the following observation: “Skill without imagination is craftsmanship and gives us many useful objects such as wickerwork picnic baskets. Imagination without skill gives us modern art.”

• You’ve probably had some experience with hail at some point in your life, but probably not with hail like this: The heaviest recorded hailstone in the world fell in Bangladesh in 1986; it weighed a whopping 2.25 pounds. The largest hailstone, which fell earlier this year in South Dakota, measured 8 inches in diameter. Be glad your car -- or your head -- wasn’t in the way. • William Henry Harrison, the country’s sixth commander-in-chief, had the shortest tenure of

any United States president. He died of pneumonia just 32 days after taking office. • In 1666, the Great Fire of London destroyed 13,200 homes, 87 parish churches and St. Paul’s Cathedral, and it left some 70,000 people homeless. It also provided the impetus for the beginning of the insurance industry. After the conflagration, Nicholas Barbon, a well-to-do doctor, realized how much of his wealth was flammable. A year after the Great Fire, he began the world’s first insurance company. • The men and women who venture into space have to adapt themselves to changing environments both when they enter space and when they return home. Many astronauts and cosmonauts say that one of the most difficult things to adjust to when returning to earth from space is the fact that when you let go of something, it falls to the ground.

• If you’re a longtime football fan, you might not be surprised to learn that between 1983 and 2006, the average weight of NFL players rose by 10 percent.

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Sterling Compost in a Tiny Backyard

Community Calendar

To announce a local non-profit event

for FREE in Tidbits please email: BRLEnterprises@gmail.comNovember 20, 11:30am - 5pmCommunity Thanksgiving Meal at the New Beginings Revival ChurchNovember 25 - Thanksgiving DayNovember 26 & 27 at 7:30pm, November 28 at 2:30pmPFAA Winter Production:”A Hillbilly Christmas & Charlie and the Chocolate FactorNovember 27, 8 - 10amFree community breakfast at the Waynesville United Method-ist Church, 301 Hwy TDecember 2, 12 - 3pmPulaski County Historical Society & Museum Monthly Mtg.December 2, 6 - 9pmChristmas on the Square in downtown WaynesvilleDecember 4, 6 - 10pmThird Annual Winter Chili Cookoff

November 17, 12:30 - 1:30pmPreschool Story Time at the Bruce C. Clarke Library, Ft. Leonard WoodNovember 18, 5 - 8:15pmArmy Fall PicnicNovember 19, 11:30am - 1pmNative American Heritage Month Luncheon and Obser-vanceNovember 20, 8am - 12pmPulaski County Farmers MarketNovember 20, 9am - 2pmRichland Fall Holiday Bazaar at the Richland Municipal Center 204 E Washington Ave Richland, MONovember 20, 10am - 2pm5k Turkey Trot on Fort Leonard Wood

HOME TIPS

Q: I have a very small backyard, not big enough to plant a garden, but I’d like to try container garden-ing. I’m also interested in making my own compost, but again, there’s a space issue. Do you have any suggestions? -- Carla in Burlington, Vt.A:It’spossibletohaveacompostpileinsmallerback-yards, although the composting action may not be as fast or thorough as a larger pile. There are a number of options available.The biggest problem with a backyard compost pile is locating it far enough from the house to prevent ro-dents and insects that may frequent the pile from get-ting into your house. The pile must be at least 10 feet away, and farther if possible.Really small backyards or patio areas just don’t create enough distance to safely locate a typical compost pile. But you can purchase a large plastic composter from the home-improvement store. This unit, either bar-rel- or sphere-shaped, is raised several inches off the ground and can be rotated using a hand crank to turn the compost. This is a fairly expensive option, cost-ing well over $100 for most units. And friends of mine who’ve tried compost barrels felt that while compost-ing was adequate, it wasn’t as fast and didn’t create as rich a soil.A cheaper option is simply composting in a large buck-et (or buckets). You can’t generate as much compost, and you must turn the compost about once a week with a shovel or garden spade. Keep the bucket coveredbut not sealed to allow air to exchange freely but keep rainwater out.Follow the basics of composting, in any case. A layer of kitchen scraps, fallen leaves and other organic ma-terial, sans meat scraps (which will draw maggots and rodents), should be covered with a layer of dirt. Turn the pile as more compost is added and add a thin layer of dirt if needed.

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BIG BIRDS (continued):

land again for 7-10 years. The WanderingAlbatross is the largest of these big birds, with a wingspan of 11 feet (3.35 m), and it weighs about 18 pounds (8 kg). These birds cancover amazing distances. According to Birds Australia, a national organization working for the conservation and protection of Australia’s native birds and their habitats, one banded bird isonrecordfortraveling3,728miles(6000km)in 12 days!

•Whetherstudyingbirdsorenjoyingthemaspartof a feast, we all should know of their importance in our world. After eating your turkey dinner, consider picking up a book or two on these fascinating creatures.

1. Seven times, with a high of 53 in 2004.2. Sandy Koufax of the Los Angeles Dodgers won 27 games in 1966.3. Andersen had 565 field goals, while the Bahrs combined for 541.4. Adolph Rupp, in 1930-31.5. Boston and Toronto played a penalty-free game in 2001.6. She had 60 consecutive victories.7. Nick Faldo and Payne Stewart each shot 63 in 1993.

ANSWERS: 1) Neither; 2) Andrew; 3) 2; 4) King Solomon;

5) Secondary wife; 6) Shushan

1. Amanda2. Orange blossom3. Yogi Berra4. Frank Lloyd Wright5. Eight6. Upper arm7. Slot machine (gambling)8. Milk9. George H.W. Bush Sr.10. Laser

ARIES(March21toApril19)Yourrulingplan-et, Mars, allows you to assume a sense of com-mand that can help you turn a chaotic workplace situation into one that’s orderly, productive and, yes, even friendly.TAURUS (April 20 to May 20) Getting a rela-tionship that’s been stuck in a rut up and running again depends on how far you want to run with it. Be honest with yourself as you consider which decision to make.GEMINI(May21toJune20)Bewaryofrumorsthat seem to be coming from everywhere this week.Waitingforthefactsbeforeyouactmeansnever having to say you’re sorry you followed the wrong lead.CANCER(June21toJuly22)Adifficultperson-al matter might prompt you to turn to a trusted friend to help you sort through a maze of emo-tionalconflicts.Theweekendshouldbringsomewelcome news.LEO(July23toAugust22)Someofthenewpeople coming into the Lion’s life could play pivotal roles in future personal and professional matters. Meanwhile, an old friend might have an important message.VIRGO (August 23 to September 22) A delay in getting things moving on schedule can be a bless-ing in disguise. Use this extra time to do more research so you can buttress any of the weaker points with solid facts.LIBRA (September 23 to October 22) You might need to get involved in a personal matter before it becomes a serious problem. Also be wary of someone offering to mediate unless you can be sure of his or her motives.SCORPIO(October23toNovember21)Takingsides in a workplace or domestic dispute could prolong the problem. Stay out and stay cool. Then you can be friends with both parties when things settle down.SAGITTARIUS(November22toDecember21)A friendship has the potential to become some-thing more, and with this week’s aspects favoring romance, you might feel that this possibility is worth exploring.CAPRICORN(December22toJanuary19)Thenew job you want might require you to relocate. If so, keep an open mind and weigh all the posi-tives and negatives before making your decision.AQUARIUS(January20toFebruary18)Anewrelationship seems to be everything you could have hoped for. Congratulations. Meanwhile, it’s not too early to get some feedback on that new project you’re working on.PISCES(February19toMarch20)Youmighthave decided to get out of the fast-moving cur-rentandjustfloataroundhitherandyonforawhile.Butyoumightfindthatthenewopportu-nity is too tempting to turn down.BORNTHISWEEK:Youbelieveinbringingoutthe best in people with kind deeds, loving words and recognition of their “special” selves.

The Tidbits® Paper is a Division of Tidbits Media, Inc. • Montgomery, AL 36106(800) 523-3096 • E-mail: tidbits@tidbitsmedia.com • All Rights Reserved ©2008

Information in the Tidbits® Paper is gathered from sources considered to bereliable but the ac cu ra cy of all information cannot be guaranteed.

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The news isn’t good. There has been lots of talk about the Social Security Cost-of-Living Adjustment (COLA) for the year 2011. And now weknow:Wewon’tseeanincreaseinourmonthlychecks.

Many of us already live close to the edge. Withthecostofeverythinggoingup--food,gas,utilities, clothing, medical (and never mind having any fun by going out to a movie or the occasional dinner) -- we’re going to be squeezed tighter than ever.

Many of my friends are getting angry and making plans on how to survive with less. That’s mystanceonit,too:Figuringouthowtomakeitwork.

Herearesomeoftheirideas:

• Join amovie club, one that deliversDVDsright to your door in the mail, and split the cost with some friends. Swap the movie around or get togetheronceaweektowatchthelatestfilm.

•Don’tbuyholidaygiftsforfamilythisyear,or send one check as a family gift.

• Pool your resources where possible. Go inwith a few friends on bulk groceries and divide them into smaller amounts. Go on errands together in one car, or use the van if you live in a retirement center.

•Ask the senior centeror even the library tohost a meeting to exchange ideas on how to save, signing up with others for car rides and bulk purchases, or bartering and swapping.

• Ask your doctor for generics on everyprescriptionyouhave,andbuythematWalmartorother stores offering $4 prescriptions, if possible.

Remember: We can be tough if we have tobe, and we can do this. All it takes is an attitude adjustment,right?

No COLA Increase

Tidbits® of Pulaski County Page 8

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Pulaski County History Notes ConcludedBy Nelson Morgan

Soldiers soon found their way to Waynesvilleand thesleepycountseatbegan to take off as military towns do. NotonlyWaynesville,butathree-milestretchofridgelandbetweenWaynes-villeandFortWoodbegantogrowdra-matically as businessmen sought the soldiers’ dollars. The wild and wooly stretch later incorporated as St. Robert, Missouri, named for the local St. Rob-ert Bellarmine Catholic Church. Today, St. Robert is a fast-growing, forward thinking community with few remind-ers of its early days. It received its own postofficejustafewyearsago.

FortWoodclosedafterWorldWarII,but reopened and became a permanent base in the late 1950s. It’s purposehas changed mightily over the years. ThousandsofKoreanandVietnamWartrainees went through the fort. Later,

it became a training facility for Army enlisted engineers. In the late 1980s,officers training for engineers wasmoved toFortWood. Since then, themission has added the US Army Chem-icalCorps and Military PoliceCorpstraining, plus a truck driving school. FortWood now trains all branches ofthe U.S. military in those areas.

Thousands of military dependents now liveinPulaskiCounty.Theirchildrenare served, both on post and off post by theWaynesvilleR-VI SchoolDistrict.OverfivethousandstudentsattendtheWaynesville Schools, one of the for-mostinthestate.Waynesvillereceivesfederal impact aid to help educate the post children it cannot tax. A brand new high school opened seven years ago, the third within the district. The firstisthebuildingourJourneysexhibitisin,builtoriginallyin1936-37.

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•OnNov.19,1863,PresidentAbrahamLincolnde-livers one of the most famous speeches in American history at the dedication of the military cemetery at Gettysburg,Pa.Usingjust272words,Lincolnbril-liantly and movingly articulated the meaning of the conflict for awar-wearypublic.His address lastedjust two minutes.

•OnNov. 18, 1883,American andCanadian rail-roads begin using four continental time zones to end the confusion of dealing with thousands of local times.However,itwasnotuntil1918thatCongressofficially adopted the railroad time zones and putthem under the supervision of the Interstate Com-merce Commission.

•OnNov.21,1927,TimemagazineputstheHollandTunnel on its cover. The tunnel, which runs under theHudsonRiverbetweenNewYorkCityandJer-seyCity,N.J.,hadopenedtotraffictheweekbefore,at the stroke of midnight on Nov. 13. The toll was 50 cents per car in both directions.

•OnNov.16,1945,theUnitedStatesships88Ger-man scientists to America to assist the nation in its production of rocket technology. Most of these “vol-unteers” had served under the Nazi regime. The vol-untary nature of the scheme was somewhat undercut by the admission that the scientists were in “protec-tive custody.”

•OnNov.20,1955,BoDiddleyintroducedhimselfand his namesake beat to the world with his televi-sion debut on “The Ed Sullivan Show.” Sullivanwas so furiouswithDiddley for not openingwithTennesseeErnieFord’s“SixteenTons”thatSullivanbanned him from future appearances on his show.

•OnNov.15,1965,attheBonnevilleSaltFlatsinUtah,28-year-oldCalifornianCraigBreedlovesetsanewland-speedrecord--600.601mph.Hiscar,theSpirit of America, cost $250,000 and was powered by a surplus engine from a Navy jet.

•OnNov.17,1973, in themidstof theWatergatescandalthateventuallyendedhispresidency,Presi-dent Richard Nixon tells a group of newspaper edi-tors that he is “not a crook.” After a relentless federal investigation,NixonresignedinAugust1974.