brnu-ba

191

belonging to others; W. : *zd-nab-can*

greedy, ravenous; *nor-nab-can* greedy of

gain or money, covetous.

brnu-ba, brnur-ba Le.r.r.;

( '*. to draw to, to attract,

(Sch. also: 'to remove a thing from its

place?1

), prob. another form for snur-ba.'

bmogs-pa to hide, conceal, Lex*.

"

bsndii-ba v. rndn-ba.

*

bsndd-pa v. sndd-pa.

"

bsndn-pa v. snon-pa,

bsndm-pa v. ttnom-jm.

bxndr-ba 1. to extend in length, to

lengthen, to pull out, e.g. u piece of

India rubber W. - 2. to draw or drag

after, to trail, mjitg- ma I^&r. the train of

a robe, the tail etc.; fig. to have In its train, to

be attended with, nyon-mons-bsndr the con-

sequences of sin Sch.

bsndl-ba to spin out, to protract Ct.

*

bsnun-pa v. snun-pa.

rt pa \ . the letter p, (tenuis), the French

p.2. num. figure: 13.

j. pa, an af6x, or so-called article, the

same as ba (q. v.) which, when attached

to the roots of verbs, gives them the sig-

nification of nouns, or, in other words is

the sign of the infinitive and the participle;

in the language of common life, however,

it is frq. used for the finite tense, and for

par; affixed to the names of things, it de-

notes the person that deals with the thing

(rtd-pa horseman, cu-pa water-carrier);

combined with names of places, it desig-

nates the inhabitant (bdd-pa inhabitant of

Tibet); with numerals, it either forms the

ordinal number (ynyis-pa the second), or

it implies a counting, measuring, contain-

ing (bii-mo lo-ynyis-pa a girl counting two

years, i. e. a girl of two years; Kru-gdn-

pa measuring one cubit; sum-cu-pa con-

taining thirty viz. letters, like the Tibetan

alphabet); frq. it has no particular signi-

fication (rked-pa etc. etc.), or it serves to

distinguish differentmeanings (rkan marrow,

rkdn-pa foot) or dialects (k'd-ba B.}*Ka*

W. snow) ; pa dan with a verb, v. dan 4 ;

in certain expressions it stands, it would

seem, incorr. inst. of pat: yso-ba rig -pascience of medicine, grub-pa lus structure

of the body, ddm-pa cos holy doctrine (of

Buddha).

pd-ta W. cross, St. Andrew's cross

(thus X).

7^" Pa~ttt v< pa-til.

pd-to a medicinal herb Wdn.

J"5*,more corr.

jy, pd-tra (also pa -fa

Pth.) Ssk., cup, basin, bowl (esp. for sacri-

fices); beggar's bowl = Ihun-bzed.

pa-na Ssk. = tan-ka Tar. 112, 6; in

Bhotan 1 rupee Schr. \in W. (also

*pe-na*) a copper-coin== Paisa, esp. of

foreign coinage.

water Lt."

pa-ni Hind,

pa -ben a strip of wood, ledge, bor-

der(?) W.

p(-*)-*'* l - &* PIanet

Venus. - 2. Friday.

21

belonging to otbers; IV:: ·:d-nab-c",~­

greedy, ravenous; -nQr-nub-can- greedy ofgain or money, covetous.=l~'.:::r ~.:;,"~' bl'lIu-J.ia, b''1Iu,'-ba Lu.J:.;

:;". , ...... (". to draw 10, 10 attract,(&1.. also: 'to remove Il. tiling from itsplate?'), prob. anotlJer (01'10 for ~llur-ba.

.:::j~~·'r bl'nQg~-pa to hide, conceal, [~t.J:.J:.

=l~~:'r Nmj,i-ba v. rndti-ha.

.l:l~,,:.:.r bsnad-pa v. • ndd-pa.

=l~'.:.j' Nnan.pa v. JnQn-pa.

.:.j pa I. lhe letter p, (tenuis), the Frenchp. - 2. num. figure: 13.

.:.j' pa, M affix, or so-called l\rticle, thesnme l\S ba (q.v.) which, when attached

to the roots o( verbs, wves them the sig­nification of nouns, or, in other words isthe sign of the infinitive and the participle;in the langul\ge of common life, however,it is frq. used for the finite tense, ::lond forpar; affil:ed to the nnmell of things, it de­notes \.he person that dCllls wilh the tbing(Tta-pa horsemnn, cu-pa water-cll.rrier)jcombined with names of plll.ces, it desig­nMes the inhabitant (hOd--pa inhabitant ofTibet); with numerals, il either forms theordinll! nlllllhcr (yn!J(s-pa the second), orit implies a counting, measuring, contain­ing (M-rno lo-ynyh-pa a girl counting twoyenrs, i. e. n girl of two years; Itru-ga.i­po measuring one cubit; ~1In1-Cu-pa con­taining thirty viz. letters, like the Tibetanalphabet); frq. it bill; no pll.rticular signi­fication (rkid-pa etc. etc.), or it serves todistinguish differcntmcaning, (rkali ma.rrow,rkdn-pa foot) or dialects (I.!d~ 8.,,,,,t -.\

321

~~.:r linlrim_pa Y. "";NI-p«.

=:l~.::.:::r band,...oo 1. 10 extend in ~th, tolengthen, 10 pull olll, e.g. a pie« of

India rubber W: - 2. to draw or dragafter, 10 lrail, m)iJg _mu [JU. tbe train ofa robe, the tail ctc.; fig. to have in ib train, tobe attended with, ngon-mori..·b,ttdr tbe con­sequences of ,in &h.

=:l~..f=:l' lmu1l-ha to spin olll, to prolract lA.

IV. snow); pn daN with 8 verb, v. dati 4,;

in certain e::Ipressions it stands, it wouldseem, incorr. inst. of pai: ysd-ha rig- pascicnce of medicine, grVb-pa 1m .truetureof the body, dam-pa loa holy doctrine (ofBuddha)..:.j'e;' pd_ta W. cross, St. Andrew', CrolS

, (thus X)..:.j~' pa_til v. pa-tri.

.:r' pd-to a mooicin,,1 herb 1Vdli.

.:r.,5", more corr. '1.,5", pd.tra ("Iso pa-!a"-

Pth.) Ssk., cup, basin, bowl (esp. for sacri·fices); beggar's bowl _lJlU"-li~M.

Q'E" pa-I]a &Ie. - !ali-ka Tar. H2, 6; in'" BllOtan 1 rupee &lar.; in W: (.IM)

-pl_l]a-> a copper-coin - P8isa, esp. offorei~n coin"S"e.

Q"~" pa-I]i Hind. 1fT1ft, waler Lt.

'l".~ pa-bm a strip 01 wood, ledge, bor·der (?) 11':

Q'«(l..I).t'IC~ pa(.too)_Id..... ~. the planetQ Venl/$. - 2. FrIday.

o "

322

pa-yag-pa"

padma

pa-yag-pa a medicinal herb =

smug-cun Med.

"

pa-yu salt Bal.

pa-yo-to-yo, *srog dan pa-yo-

to-yo tan-te son* Ld. for sro</

dan bsdos, v. sdo-ba.

*T^"P''pd-ra-fca W. cross (a straight one -}-)

pa-rdn (spelling doubtful, at anyrate not pa-ran) n. of a mountain

pass, 19 000 feet high, between Ladak and

Spiti.

pd-ri W., pd-ru C., B. 1. box, cylin-

drical or oval, high or flat, of wood

or metal. 2. pd-ru, also pd-tra Sch.

3. v. bd-ru.

pa-si Sch. 'a teacher'; Lex.: n. of a

Tibetan priest that went to China.

pa-sans \. pa-wa-sans.

pag, pdg-bu Bal., pdg-gu DzL,

pau W., pag Glr., pau Wdn. :

brick; pdg-gu byed-pa DzL', pibs-pag roof-

tile 6s.; wd-pag gutter-tile 6s.; rdzd-pag,

so -pag Glr. burnt-brick 6s.; sd-pag Glr.

unburnt-brick 6s,; pag (-bu)- mlean mason

6s.; pag-rtsig brick-wall 6s.; *pag-fsir W.

a row or layer of bricks; frq. used as a

measure= a small span, */capag-fsir nyisyod*

the snow is as deep as two layers of bricks.

- Not quite plain is the etymology of

^og-pag, Lex.: ska-rdgs-kyi rgyan, Sch.:

'a girdle ornamented with glass- beads';

and of pag-por Sch. cup or vessel with

a lid.

pdgs-pa, Mil. also -po (cf. Ipags)

1. skin, hide; su-ba to skin, ace.

to Schr. also merely to fret the skin; pdgs-

pai gos skin or fur -clothing S. g. 2.

foreskin, when the connection of words does

not admit of a misconception, Miig. 3.

skin or peel of fruit, the bark of trees, also

pags-sun, and sun-pags; *pag-fdg'fC. bark-

cord, match-cord; pdgs-cu anasarca, skin-

dropsy; pdgs-cu-zugs affected with this

disease.

]' pan, f" pan, resp. sku-pdn, 1. the

bend or hollow formed by the belly and

the thighs in sitting, lap, B., C., W ; pan-du son he sat down on the lap of ... Glr. ;

pah-Kebs apron ; pan-Krag the blood flowing

off during child-birth; *pah-big* W. uri-

nary bladder; *pan-ri (for dri?) sun* C.

she has the bloody flux; pdn-yyog-ma 6s.

midwife (a kinswoman generally has to

officiate as such; a hired one receives a

new dress for her services). 2. the bend

or hollow formed by the arm and the chest

in carrying something; bosom, usually pah-

pa', sin-pan-pa gan an armful of wood;

pan- par Ofcyer

- ba to carry (a child) on

the arm DzL and elsewh.; sctyn-po pan-

pas ma Kyigs-pa tsam zig a tree not to

be encompassed by a man's arms Pth. ;

^pan-god, pan-kod* W. an armful.

-...puit-ka, pdn-Ka 1 . W. an implement

'

for stirring the fire; for scraping=

rbad. 2. Ts. = pan._.- .

^tx'V'- pahtsa, pan-tsa, seems to be"

the n. of a tree 5., 6.; Ssk.

only: five.

_._.-.. pad -pa C. = srin - bu pad - ma, v.

'

pad-ma.,-. jr-T padma , pad - ma Ssk. in C.

$q'

'

pronounced *pe-ma* 1. water-

lily, lotos, Nymphaea, if not nearer defined,

the blue species, whilst the less frq. form

pad- mo (ace. to Glr. fol. 62) seems to

denote the white kind of this flower. -

2. (not in Ssk., at least ace. to Wls. and

Williams, though Kopp. II, 61 seems to

dissent): genitals, of either sex, Med.

3. srin-bu pad-ma leech. pad-kor^ pad-

skor 1. a particular way of folding the fin-

gers during prayer 6s. and Sch. ;a certain

gesture with the hand. 2. a kind of toupet

of the women, also pad-16 C., W. pad

(-ma) dkdr(-do) 1. white lotos. 2. title of

a celebrated Sutra, translated by Burnouf,

Was. (151). pad-dkdr zal-lan an astro-

nomical work by Ptigpapa, v. 6s. time-

table. pad-ma-can full of lotos; more

particularly lotos -lake, with and without

mfso Glr. --pad-(ma dan nyi-ma dan)

zldi ydan Glr. and elsewh. , carpet with

322

bend or hollow formed by the belly l\ndthe thighs in sittillg, lap, n, C, JV; pa;,..d.. 10" he sat down on the lall 0( ... Glr.;pa,,-RtbI apron; pa..-trag tbe blood 80wingolf dW'ing child-birth: ·1Oti - hig" it'. uri­nury bladder; *po"-'; (for dnr) au,,· Cghe has the bloody Bux; pd1t-J'YOf""IG C,.midwife (a kins""omlUl ~erall)' hill! toof6ciate as so.ch; a hired one recein~& anew dress for ber services). - t. tbe bendor hollow formed bl' the arlO aod the cbestin C&rT)·ing something; bosom, usuAlI)" pM­po.i ii,j-pati-pa ga,; an arm(nl of ""m;pdn - par o¥' -ba to CArry (a. child) onthe nrm Dd. and elsewh.; ~;j - p" pdn­

PaIJ ma nIP-pa imm zig a tree nol tobe encompassed by Il. man's l\rms Pth.;·pait-gOd, pait-kdd" ~v. An armful.qE::;m" pri,l-ka, pdti-~'a J. IV. flU illlpl~ment

-, (or stirring the fire; fnr scrAplng­rbad. - 2. Ta. - pati.:J'1l" qa;t patltsa, ptJ7I-tsa, seems to be

;5' the n. o( a tree n., C.; &l.onl)': 6ve.q~.'f pdd-po C. _.";n_hu pdd-1n4, Y.

pdd-q_' .q-",;r pad",a. pad - 'lito. &i. in G~~ , "'\ pronounced .pi-mo.w 1. water­

lily, lotos, Nymphae-, if oot nearer de61led,the blue specie5, whilst the less (rq. (ormpdd-71tO (ace. to Gfr. (01.62) 8«OIg \0

denO\e the white kind of tbis Bo",·cr. ­2. (not in &k., at least ace. \0 lI'". lUIdWi/fiaml, thong\! KVpp. n, 61 seems La

dissent): genitals, of eitber lieS, Mtd. ­3. trin-bu. pad--ma leedl. - JXUf-hJr. pad­tkOr I. a partieuw wal' of folding the fin­gers during prn)'cr U. u.nd &/1.; a c("riaingesture with the hand. 2. a kind of toupetof the women, also pad-ld G:, W: - pdd(-ma) dkar(-do) I. white lotos. 2. titte ofII celebrated Sub'a, trnnlllatcd by Burnouf,IVQ.!. (151). - lKUl-dkd,' zat-iwi an astro­nomical work by Pllgpapa, v. C•. time­table. - pad-9tla-lan fuJI of lotos; moreparticnlarlylotos-hlke, with lUId lI'ithoulmoo Gir. _ pad_(Ma dah nyi-_ dati):lai 1'lUm GI'. l\uJ else....h~ carpet witb

.Q=l']" t.FlTS" pag, pdg-bu. Bal., pdg-gu D:1.,, pau Jr., pag Glr., /Jaw, 1Vd,;.:

brick; pdg-gu byid-pa Dzl.: Y;l.-pag roof­tile Q.; lCd-pag gutter-tile Q.; rdzd-pag,~_pag Glr. burnt-brick Q;.; 1d-JX19 Gir.unburot-brick Ct.; pag(.w)-7fIlo.,. masonG.; pag-rlkig brick-wall C•. ; ·[HJ9"flir IV.a row or layer of bricks; frq. ~ III ameasure_aslIlalhpan,-rapag-Wrflyi.yoJ"tbe 600....• is as deep as two la}"en of brick!._ Not quite plain is the etymology o(~_pag, La.: ua-rd9'-Kyi rgya., &11.:'. girdle orntlmented. with glus - beads ';and o( pGg - po,. &11. cup or "e,;ael ~'itb

a lid..cr pdgt-pa, Mil. also -po (c~. lpafll)

~ 1. skin, hide; .iu-ba 10 skID, nee.to Sellr. also merely to fret. the skin; pdgt­/Xli !JOB skin Or fur - elothillg S. g. - 2.foreskin, when the connection of words doesnot admit of u misconceptioo, M';g. - a.skin or peel o( fruit, the bark of tree.., oJsopagt-Alln, and i1l7l-paga; -pag-fdg~ C. bark­cord, match-cord; pdgt-n, anasarca., skin­drops)"; pdgI- eu-Zufll affected with thistliscllY. .-

~" palf., ~. past, resp. tkw-~-, 1. tile

tfi."F[.:r po.-yag-po. a. medicinal herb_.mNg-luti Mt:d.

.:rg.r ~Y" salt. Bal.~

qtJ;f~ pa_yo_td_yo, -.,-og da;; po-yo-7~" td-yo (an _it .IOn- Ld. for 11'0)

daJi 6td4t, T. Ido-ba.

q~pd-f'Q,-lalV: cross (a straight one +).

.:r~" pa-ra.r (spelliog doubtful, at anyrate no\ pa-ra,;) D. of a mountain

pass, 19000 feet high, bec.lII'eeo lJOdnk lUIdSpiti..:r~' pd-ri lV., pd-ru: C., IJ. 1. box, e)'lin-

drical or oval, high or flat, of woodor metal. - 2. pa-nt, also pd-tra &11. ­3. v. fxi..ru..:r5T pa-U Seh. 'a teacher'; JA!,x.: u. of n

..., Tibetan l>riest that went to Chinl\.

.:r~E::;~ JXI4«1ia v. pa-tCa-4a,ia.

representations of lotos, sun and moon.

pad~ma-pa-ni li)tos-l>earer, name of Awa-lokitfs\v;n;i, Kiipp. II, 23. Pad-ma-Jbyunyniis. N.s/v. P. Sambhava, also: U-r<iyan-

!>'<! -H/II, .me of the most famous divines

and holy magicians, in the 8th century,from Urgy^n (Ssk. Udayana) i.e. Kabul,who ace. to his own declaration (v. the

fantastic legend concerning him, entitled:

}><id-ma faii-yig) was greater than Buddha

himself, v. Kopp. II, 68. pad-ma-ra-aaSsk. ruby. pdd-rtsa a medicinal herb

Wd/i (=- pe-tse'*\

qi'K* panili-ta /S's/-., Pandit, Indian scholar

^ ' or linguist; pan-cen great Pandit;

pan-cen rin-po-ce, boy-do (Mongolian) rin-

cen, title of the second Buddhist pope, re-

siding at Tashilunpo, Kopp. II, 121. pan-za Pandit-cap.

J<3r35T pQM-pon (also pan-pun?} not con-1 sidered perfect in dignity, as for

instance the Lamas in LA., that are mar-ried

; yet cf. ban-bon.

pj^- par I. form, mould, blugs-par casting-

mould; rdeu-par bullet-mould; bluys-

par, as well as sin -par, printing form, a

stereotype plate cut in wood; par rko-ba

to cut types; rgydb-pa, par-du Odfbs-pa,to print, to stamp; pai'(-yiy) Jbri-ba to

write the exemplar or manuscript for print-

ing. pdi'-rko-pa, pdr-rko-mttan, cutter

of types.--

par - Kan printing-office.-

par-rgydb print, *par-rgydb fsogs-se* W.like a print or impression. par -snag

printing-ink. pdr-pa printer Cs. par-

dpon fore-man of a printing-office. pdr-ma a printed work, book; *di pdr-ma ya/'t

yod* this is also to be had printed. par-

yydg a printer's man, assistant. par-sdg

printing-paper. par-'/zi=

par.II. v. par - ma. III. terrain, of pa,

also sign of the adverb; combined with

verbs, it represents the supine, or adver-

bial sentences, commencing with whilst, so

that; mi byed^par without doing."

par-tan Leu:., a hairy carpet Sch.

Sch. =

par-t*a-6-ti W. a kind of cotton

cloth.

/"//-/"-'"-/a /////. scales of a

balance Sik.

P ! the instr. of pa; combined with

verbs, it signifies by, in consequenceof, because; ;ils<> as, since, when. 2.

/, as sign of the comparative; after

vowels, however and the final consonants

d, r, 1, 6o stands in its place; rtd-bas Kyicun - ba i/in the dog is smaller than thehorse

; Kyod-pas, stag-pas, rtd-pa-bas, siidr-

bos, or s/id -ma -bos ce, bigger than you,than a tiger, than a rider, than formerly;it rarely stands for the partitive: bu //;/-

hyyd-hu ycig, or for las with the signi-fication: except, Mil.

N pi num. fig.: 43.

pi-cdg (Turk, y o*) large butcher's

knife.

pi-pi 1. Schr., Sc/t.fife, flute. -- 2.

W nipple, teat; *pi"P* d td/t-ce*

to suckle. - - 3. icicle W.

M-J>H, S*k. fqurcft. Piper

longum, a spice, similar to black

pepper, yet more oblong.

pi-po v. pi-si.

pi-tse skin, or leather bag for water etc.

Lh.

pi-

fsi, and ma - fsi, interjections of

anger, FOUCOUJC Gyatch. 3v&C, traml.292.

pi-tpd/i or pi -bait, Zam.

guitar, also (fa-nyrn-pi-wan C'., j?i-

r6l-mo Gli: =K6-pOH W.; pi-tcati

ryyud ysum a three -stringed guitar Sty. ;

rgyud-mdn a guitar with many strings

6s.; syr6g-pa to play (the guitar); pi-icaii-

mlcan, or pi-teaSi-pa a player on the guitar.

P'-& Cperh. from the Persian) cat

IT. ; p'-/)o male cat, pi-mo female cat

J^'TC' par-pa-ta n. of an officinal plant* * ^ (* .

piy-nio v.

pir brush, pencil; byug-pir large bru>h.

for house- painting; btdd-pir small

reprf:5Cutalioas of lotos, :IlUD and moon. _pttd-_-lltJ-ni lot08-~r(":r. name of Aw..lokit~"·"I1I.Kiipp.lI, 23. - j'atMtul-.(,yw.ilf'td.t, Sdr. P. Sambhan., a1~: U-f'[lYa".p-id·_, ODe of tile most (l\mou§ di'fiDei

and hnly Dl~ici:lII!1. in the 8th tl':ntury,from Urgyen (&I:. Udayllna) i.e.. Kahul,\lhtl att. to Illi 0"'1 dec:lll.nltion (v. tilefantastic leg~lld rouC('rniuJ!' him, entitled:J)(ld..ma (ari-!Jig) WI'S greilicr than Buddhahimself, v. Kapp. 11, G8. - pad-mu-ro"1Ju$I/:. ruby. - pM.roo R medicinal 11crbWilti (_ ~Ui1).

~'':/ pa,,-/i-ta &*., Pandit, Indian khoillf:;;; or linguist; pa~-ch& ~nt Paodi!;

pa.,.th n'n..po-'f;, bog-do (~IOlIgoli:lD) rift­ctrt, title of the second Uuddhist pope, re­5idiRR at Tashillmpo, KOpp. II, 121.- pan­!a Pandit-up.:.I"~ pan-pO" (also pan-pilll!) not con-

sidered perfect in dignity, as forinstAnce the L3mAS in IA., tbAt are mar­ried; yet cr. ban-bdll.:J::: IJ<tr I. form, mould, bbl~pur casting-

mould; rrUtl-PW' bullet-mould; blug3­par, a.!l ~'ell lUI l1(,i-par, printing forlll, II.

6tcreotypc plate cut in .....ood; par rl:6-bato cut ty~; Tg!Jdb-p(l, pur-dlt ~dtb:J-fKJ,

to print, to slnnlp; !JUI'(-yfg) "bri_bf, towrite the eUlllplar or manuscript for print­ing. - pdr-rlJt;..pa, pdr-ra-"iLaIt, cultcro( types. - pdr - ran printing-office. ­par-rgydh print, "par-rfl!ldh (a6gs_~.. "'­like a Jlrint or imprC:i6ion. - JlGr - .ltdtJprinting-ink. - ptir--pa printer (~_ par­dpon (ore-man of a printing-i'J£6ce. - pdr­",a A printed "'ork, book; •di par-NUI!JIlicyotr tbi~ is abo to be had printed. _ par­rY&; a printer's man, IssislAnt. - par-i4gprilliing-liaper. - par-rH - par.

II. v. pdr _ tIla. - I1J. termin. of pa,nl~ sign of tLe uth'erb; combined withverbs, it represents the supine, or "d\'er­biai sentences, commencing with whilst, 10tlIat; mi byid-pur without doing.

:J~' par-ta" Lu., a Wry c:.."et &I..

q.I;::rc;- par-pa-ta D. of an officinal plaDt, I Jlol.

'J~S" par-bv. J..uz., Sri.. _ ~tra.

:p;:iI'~ "...-......." W. ..... If .....dotL

"'..fT"~T-( paJ-m-~ l/irtd, tcaJes ., •-..r-.. balance &1.

'J~ pu' I. tbe initr. ()( ptJ; oombioed witla\'erlJs, it signifiet by, in consequence

01, because; nl!;O as, linet, when. _ 2. _la., All sign of the coDllllrative; afterVO\\e1~, howe\'cr And the 6nal con80Dlnlld, r, I, ball slll.nd$ in ib place; rtd-1H.zl fyibi>i -(,(I, !Jin the dog ;~ &mAiler than lIIebo~; EyOd-ptU, Jtdg-lK», rtd-pa-ba., MIfro..baI, or .>iti-mo.-oo. &, biggCl' tbaq yoo,~an a tiger, lIIan A rider, than fonnerly;It rarel)' 1!tll.nds for the partiti..e: btl /ita­brgya-ha. rag, Or for 1m witb the sigai­Dl:ation: except, Jlil.

!f pi num. fig.: 43.

!f~ pi..cas (Tllr!."f~) large butcher',knife.

!:rEt pi-pi 1. &llr., &1.. fife, flute. - 2.IV. nipple, teat; ·pi-pi nud tti"-~t"

to !'.udele. - it icicle ~v.

~.(!J')~. pi(-pl)-li,;, SIl.~. Piper10Dgurn, a spice, similar to black

pePIJer, yet more obloug.

Et:f p;..,JD Y. pi";;'

Et~ pi-tM stiR, or leather bag (Or waler ek.

LA.!f~ pi - (Ji. and _-(.t, interjedioos o{

anger, P__ G,lIk4. ~...s.t. tr__29"2.!fr;!!t:: p;_lIlli>i or p•• fJW;, Za.. -ihn,

C1 guitar, alllO qa-flYr.-pHt:ait C, ~1M'; rdl-mo Glr. _I:d_po>i 11'.; pi--..i"J!!Ud J'JUJII 1\ threc·stringed guitar $19.;rgywJ _'Iuili a guitar ..... itb many .triD(fIc..; Iljt'dg-pa to play (the guitar); fH·-.ca';­,,11l01l, or pi-tl'Oli-pa a player OD the guitar.!f.1t pi-Ji (perh. from the Penian) eat,

n~;,n-po male cat, pHfto fema&e cat.

!Fr~ pig-- \-. J*--'"o.!j=; ".. ...... ""';'; _ r.... "nab,

{or hOUiC _p&inti~; Udd -"., mall

324

po

brush or pencil for artistic painting, Chi-

nese writing; pir-fogs(-pa) painter Cs. -

pir-don receptacle or case for brashes.

pir-spu pencil -hair. *pir-nyug* W. =

bcad-pir', also for lead-pencil.--

pir-sin

pencil-stick.

pir-ba (spelling?) to crush, to grind

(to powder)= mnyed-pa Ld.

pil-tse Ld. sieve.

pis-mo v. pus-mo.

pispal, ace. to Cs. Ssk., yet not to

be found in Lexx., the wild fig-tree,

Hindi: pipal.

]* pu num. figure for 73.Na

pu-ti milfoil, (millefolium), yarrow;Lh.

^pu-tri (Ssk. n^, daughter), a com-

mon female name (perh. bu-tfrid.)

]** pu-sti, Glr. po-ti, book (perh. form-

NS ^ ed out of pustak}.

I" Pu-na-Ka town in Bhotan.

ry"^' pu-tse, pu-se, a little rat-like animal,

NO v. bra and zlum; pu-tse-sel prob.=

pu-sel-tse.

Q'3? pu-fse husks of barley W. Cs. bran.NO._--.. Pu-rdns Mil., a district in Mna-

NS ris.

pu-ri tube, any thing tubular and

hollow, box of tin or wood, pen-case etc.

;also = dnn-po the Tibetan shuttle

;

*pu-ri med-Kan* W. full, solid, not hollow,

cf. pd-ri.

^'CV* pu-ru-sa Ssk. man; soul; =skye's-bu.

pu-lin-ga Cs.: Ssk. masculine

gender.

pu-lu hut, built of stones, like those

of the alpine herdsmen W., (Ts. rdzi-

skyor); Kyi-pul dog-kennel.

pu-$u fence, Lex. = mda-ydb and Idn-

kan.

|'^ pu-sel-tse a medicinal herb Med.

\^' pug-ta (?) shelf, partition in a box.' '

*^* pug-ma Pur. collar-bone.

pun-pa, pun-pa C., W. an urn-shaped

vessel of clay or wood, for water,

beer etc. (seems not to be the same with

bum-pa).

CJ3JZJ" Pun ~Pa W., *pun-ce* = ttd-ce to

NO ' run over.

'^'Tf* pundarika Ssk., white lotos.

pur Cs. 1. steel -yard.-- 2. pur-gyis

v. Opur-ba.-- 3. v. spur.

"

pul v. pu-lu.

"^" puskara Ssk. blue lotos.

pustaka Ssk. book.

'^ pus-mo, W. *pis-mo, pig-mo*, knee;

pis-mo sa-la Odzug-pa to kneel;*pig-mo tsug-ce, pi-tsug gydb-ce* W. id.;*pig-mo tsug-te dad-ce* to sit in kneeling

(which is considered indecorous); cf. tsog.

]" pe num. figure: 103.

Pe ~ (d)kdr, also be-kdr, pe-hd-ra.

bi-hdr Lt., Glr., Mil., a much

worshipped deity, v. kye-pdn, and Schl. 157.

,* pe-te-hor n. of a people Sch.

pe-ne, pe-na v. pa-na.

Tq<^' pe-bdn (Pers. j^J), graft, scion;

*pe-bdn tsug-ce* W. to graft.

Txferp?-fedm little, small, a little Sch.

pe-tse, pi-tsi, Chin, pai- tsdi, Chinese

white cabbage in 6'.; of late also knownin Europe.

ST^T ^'-m a flat basket.

pe-sa, paisa, Hind., copper coin, not

quite a half-penny.

&n - tse a kind of wood of which

vessels are made Cs. (= pdn-tsa?)

po 1. sign of nouns, in like manner

as -pa; it particularly designates con-

""brush or pencil for artistic painting, Chi­nese writ.ing; pir.fog$(-pa) painter c,. ­pir-doli receptacle or case for brushes. ­pir-qrn pencil-bair. - ·pir-nyu[/ W =bead_pir; also for lead-IleDcil. - pir_;'i,;pencil-stick.q.t;'.q' pir-ba (spelling?) to crustt, to grind

(to powder) _ f/lngld-pa Ld.

~.~pil-w Ld. sieve.

!f~6f pis-mo v. pus-mo.

!J~' pisIJal, 1lOC. to Cs. &J;., yet not 10

be fooDd in Leu., the wild fig-tree,Hindi: pipal.

tf pu Dum. 6g11re for 73.~

.q~' pit - Ii. mitloil, (millefolium), yArrell';~ Lh.~r~' pu-(,; (&.{'. !"ft, d1lllgI1ter). a com-~ mon female name (peril. bu-Ilrid.)tr~ pU-Jti, Gir. - pO-li, book (perb. fonn-'>; ed out of pUs/ak).

tr~' Pu--na-I..'a town in Bbotan.~

.q'S' pl't-byi v. spu-.byl.~

'r~ pU.I~, pU-tt, a little rat-like animaJ,....." v. bra and :;fum; pu~tu';el prob. _pu-lel--tu.tr~ pu-fse husks of barley IY.; CS. bran.~

.cr~~ Pu·rdli. Mil., a district in M,ia-~ n3.qf; pu - ri tube, aoy thing tubular and~ hollow, box of tin or wood, pen­case etc.; also _dnk-po the Tibetan shuttle;·p~ri mM.-fan- w: fun, solid, not hollow,e!. ~ri.

.q·~'f\'·~ru-ia &I.. man; soul; -Joyh-bu.~

.q'~'''f pu - li,j - 9a (L &I.. masculine~ gender..q'!?J piI-lu hut, bllilt of stones, like those~ of the alpine herdsmen W:, (T3. rdzi­dyor); Ityi-pul dog-kennel. ..q'.t!. pu.Ju fence, Lt;(. = mda-yub and Mn-~..J kJn. ~,,,, .\.q·~"ifpu-Jel-ue a medieinal herb Med.~ , b

.q"f5· pug-ta (?) shelf, partition in II box.~

.q"f~' pug-ma Pur. collar-bone.~

"11:::"1' pU,i-pa,pu,i-p<1 C., lV. an urn.shaped~ vessel of clay or wood, for water,beer etc. (seems llot to be the same withbum-pa)..q~·'r pUn-pa W:, "piJn-U' - ltid-te to~ rlUl over.

~'~'rrr pu']~larika &k., white lotos.

.q~' pur G'3. 1. steel-yard. - 2. plil'-!!1Ii3~ v. opw·-ba. - 3. v. 8PU/·.

.qlll· pul v. pu-lu.~

~"pu#:ura S8/,;. blue 1010$•

:.r~'rr pustaka &k. book.~

.q~'~ p,j8-mo, lV. "pi3-mo, p(!!-1IW", knee;~ P;'-1IIO 8a-iu cd::l/.fI-pa to kne<>l;"pig-mo t¥ug-ce, pi_t¥itg gyub-i:e" IV. id.;·p'ig-lIIo t8ug-te Iwd-u· to SiL in knecling(which is considered indecorous); cf. t80g.

q' pe num. figure: 103.

2r(.:y'T]=': ~- (~)kdr, also b.!-kd~·, ~llu-ra.{,j-lla/' Lt., Gir., Mil., a much

worshipped deity, v. ~;" and &hl. 157., ,><'flj'~' pt-te-MI' n. of a people &h.

.cr~ pe-llt, pl-na v. pu.-lJa.

.q::l~' pe- bun (Pm. ..>.,j~), graft, scion;

"pe-bdn t8ug-u· lV. to grafl.

EtiS5rpe-tsdm little, small, a little &h.

.q.~ pe-td, pi.t8i, eMn. pai_Mi, Chinesewhite cabbage in C.; of late also known

in Europe.

:q.~ pl-ru a flat baskel

2f~' pi-su, puisu, Hind., copper coin, notqllite a half-penny. _

q'1~ phl- t8t a. kind of wood of whichvessels are made Q. (s= pdn-t8u')

2:f po 1. sign of nOllns, in like maDDeras -ptt;; it particularly designates con-

crete nouns and the masculine gender, frq.,

in contradistinction to abstract nouns with

-^pa or -ba, and to feininines with -t/i<>;

connected with a numeral, it, supplies the

definite article: l/id-po the five (just men-

tioned); ynyis-po the two, both,=

ynyin-k,i.

2. num. figure: 133.

po-ta-la (Ssk. T^J ship, f to re-

ceive, hence: harbour, port; Tib.

gni-dz-in) 1. ancient n. of Tatta, a town

not far from the mouth of the Indus. -

2. n. of a three -peaked hill near Lhasa,

with the palace of the old kings of Tibet,

now the seat of the Dalai Lama. (The

spelling 'Buddha - la' arises from an er-

roneous etymological hypothesis, and the

fact of its being found even in Hue's writ-

ings may be attributed merely to a thought-

less adherence to what had become a cus-

tom; v. Kopp. II, 340.)

SftT po-ti (ace. to one Lex. a corruption' of pu-sta-ka, for which also the form

pu-sti seems to speak) = glegs-bam, book

(of loose leaves).

po-tum Sik. large wasp.

2f^ po-td C. bullock.

T* = ttd-bai nod.

pra small turkoJSCS, 1 or '1'" in size,

strung together for finger-rings, v. (torn.

pi'a(-nto) <'*. 1. lot; pra Odebx- /"

to cast lot. "L sign, token, prog-

nostic; Mi.: /'/" Jirl>*-i><i< in Zeichen ge-

ben, ein Bild darstellen'.

po-tog v. mfo-po-tog.

P~lu tne well-known Turkish mess

of pilaw, Hind, pulao, rice boiled with

fowl; in Ld. however sweet rice, prepared

with butter, sugar, and 'pating'; fig. bsdm-

bloi p6-la byed-pa to concoct and deal in

plans and plots.

tains bordering on China Ld.-

Glr. Schl. 21, a (where in the translation

the word has not been recognized as being

a proper name).

s* pog-pdr censer, perfuming-pan.

_..xru' pra -cu-i

jest, joke, fun, nonsensical talk; byed-

l>a to make sport, to play the buffoon;

sl6ii-ba to cause merriment; pra-cdt-j"t.

or -mfcan wag, buffoon.

q*OJ* Pra-U Sch-'- hill-mouse (marmot?),

hare(?); cf. brd-ba.

q-.-^.. pran-^6s an alpine herb, said

to be very wholesome to she-j.

(so for instance in Purig); ace. to recent

investigations, of little value. Ace. to C*.

= a-kron, but this is denied by the people

of Lahoul.

pdgs-ta v. pugs-ta.

i"pod, pon, pon-to v. pod, poii, p6n-to.

$f jftB('. castrated ram.

Med.

jrn-

kinds of Indian aromatic plants

.<./., the crest

Of a COCk Cs. ; prog-Su, brog-

, sprog-zu= cod-pan.

1. bravery, strength, courage; brave,

strong, courageous: </}><t /^/on-ba /.<./.. /.-"/*-

ba Thgy.;g6/'i-b<i, bkuit-ba /./AT., to despond :

to dishearten (?); sin-tu dpd-zin he becom-

ing very brave Dzl.; dpd-la stobs kyuit ///</

dan bnyam-xte being brave, and in strength

equal to an athlete Dzl. - 2. beauty ; beauti-

ful. __ 3 w. taste, agreeable taste, flavour.

Comp. ttpd-can J. brave. '->. beautiful.

3. W. savoury.--

Jpa-innl-KanW. taste-

less, v. also Mud-j'<i. dpa-cen very

brave; a great hero. --</;</-<//' myul-

<ldr, a piece of silk, tied round the neck,

as an honourable distinction for some brave

deed. --dpu-hldn

= dpd-can 1 and ->.-

dpd-bo, fire, 1. strong man, hero. 2. demi-

god. dpa-bo-dkdr a medicinal herb

jjfd _ dpd-mo \ . heroine (more frq. than

the masc. dpd-bo). 2. = mka-yro-mti, I >a-

kini Mil., Thgr., Glr. --dpa-fsvl Mil. =

dpd-ba 1 . sbst., ni f.

t

crete nouns l\Qd the ml'Sculine gender, frq.•in oontnulistiDction t.o l\rn,trflCL nouns .....ith_pa or _lm, find to fellliuine~ with -mo;connected with II. uumerHI, it sUJlpl; ...~ thedefinite Ilrtic1e: [,ia-/KI the fi'"e (ju~t men­tioned); rn!Jla~po the two, both, - ) Ilyl$-/.:a.- t. lIum. figure: 133.

t[J"G.l' ~ta-la (SM:. m ship, 1!1' to re-ceive, hcnoo: hnrbour, llOrt; Tib.

gru-d.~/I) 1. nncient n. of Tftua, a town1I0t rnr from llie mouth of the Indus. ­2. n. of fI three-pellked hill nenr Lhasa,with the l'lInee of the old kings of Tibet,now the seat of the Dalai I,ama. (Thespelling '/Judd/m - la' arises from I\n er­roneou~ etymological h)"pothe"is, and thefo.ct of its being found e,"en in Huc's writ.ings may be Il.ttribnteu merely to II. thought­less adherence to whnt had become a cus­tom; v. Kopp. II, 340.):f1 p6-ti (nec. to one Lex. a corruption

of pu-sta_l'a, for which also tbe formpu-ati seems to speak) = gfry$-bam, book(of loose leM·os).

~~. po-tum Sik. large wasp.~2f, po-tO G: bullock.

'fijEq' po-tdg v. 1Il(07lO-fOfJ.

=fill' po-la the well-known Turki"h lIlessof pilaw, l/llld. pulao, rice boiled witll

fowl; in lA. however swect rice, preparedwith butter, sugar, and 'pating'; fig. btam­bioi po-ia b!Jld-)la to coneocL and delll inplans and plots.2far(~'~' lK1-io(n}~dn n. of tile moun-

laios bordering on Chinn vl.­Gir. &/d. 21, a (where in the translationthe word has not ueen recognized as beioga proper nllme).

q'Tj'::['::': 1"1OfJ-jJ&r censer, perfuming-pan.

q~'~pj' /n}g,-ta Y. li"fI,-ta.

~' pod, pOll, 11611-10 v. pod, PO,l, pon-to.

q::r pob G: castrated ram.

:pr 110l 'f•. - ta4.lJai nad.

'Sf 1'1'11. IIIllRll turkoisel, 1 or :.I'" in ~i:te,

"trullg t.ogetllcr £01' finger-rillgl, \'. f~l1I.

:j\5f) I'ra(-mo) l.'. I. lot; I'm .dibI -)XIto cast lot. -~. sign, token, prog­

nostic; Sr:h.: I'l'a o'JdA-P" 'ein I".cichen ge­lien, ein Bild dal'!'lellen'..:.rcsc.l'llra-tal, 3pra-lall~.t. w.e. &1..~ jest, joke, fUn, I1OJlSen~iCllllAlk i b!lid­lJa to make sport, to play the huffoon;aidn-ba to cause mcrriulCIll; I'ra~llil-pa,

IIr -ml!fUl wag, buffoon.:r~' )lr/J-Ii &/1.: hill-mouse (mamlot?),

June (?); cr. brd.}xz..:.rt:..,..~~ pl'all-ofJ63 lUI nlpille herb, Slid~- 'l'r to be very wholesome to sheep(so for inst.'Ulee in Purig); ace. to recentinvestigations, of little ,·alue. Ace. "" (,i.= a-kni,i, but this i;: denied b)' tILe pellilleof Lalloul.~'t."ic:.'l:l1' l"i - ya,i - gil &1;., n. or !'C"Cr21

~ .J kiods of Indian ItromM;c plll.DtiM(!(l.;(":11' ~-=r:rr prog, ::e-prOg I~.r., the crest~-'l' ~ -I of a cock (,:•. ; pnX-J"zu, brdy­zu, 3prdg_::u z: rod-pd/l.-.qr.~:(.::n dpd(-ba) (~ 1ft1:), ftlso $/lU-baI I. bravery,strength, courage; brave,strong, courageous; dpn bagiJiI-oo Lu., IM..­ba T/Ifl!I.; gOli-ba, bhJn-btl I~.r., to despond:to dishenrten (?)j ~in~tll dpti-ziit IH~ b«om~

ing very brave Dzl.; dpd...fa doo. J.yan gylldtlati bmjdm~tt being bflwe, and in ~trength

equal WflO nlblete D:l. - 2. beauty; beauti­ful. - 3, lV. taste. agreeable taste. navour.

Compo t'J'ti~1II1 t. brfl,·e. 2. beautiful.3. lV: sa"ouf)" _ Jpa-ffittl-I!al! W ~te­

lesa, v. also Mdtl-ll(!. - d/I(! - Un verybrave; ll. great beTtl. - clp/I-ddr - MlJliI­dar, a piece of silk, tied round the neck,as ao honourable tli~tinetion for solDe bl'1l\'edeed. - dpa-ldoll _ Illxi-~1I11 t and 2.­

dpd-bo, 1ln::, I. stronl': mill!, hero. 1. deDli­god. _ dpa -00 _dledr to medicinAl herbMd. _ d/lU+mo 1. heroine (more frq. Ih~the mRS('. dpd-bo). '2. "" mka"!"'O""lflll, Oi­kini Nil., '1'11gl'., GIl'. - dpa-flllI .Vi/._elp/d-lJa I, fbst., ni r.

326

dpay-fsdd

dpag - fsdd mile,

ace. to Cs.

4000 fathoms, hence a geogra-

phical mile; yet there are mentioned dpag-

cen and dpag-cun, the latter = 500 fathoms.

The word seems altogether to belong more

to the phantastic mythical literature, than

to common life; so at least in W.

J" dpdg-pa v. dpog-pa.

dpag-yyeiis the bustle or tu-

mult of a festival Ld.

c: dpag-bsam-sin n. of a fa-

bulous tree, that grants

every wish; ace. to Pth. = tsdn-dan-sbrul-

gyi snyin-po.

dpdn(-po) witness, both the de-

ponent, and the evidence de-

posed. Fully authenticated are as yet only :

Ilia dpdn-du Odzug-pa to call a deity for

a witness in taking an oath, to appeal to

Glr.', also: dpan byed-pa to bear witness,

to attest, v. mna. More conjectural are

the meanings of: blo-sems dpdn-du jog-pa

Glr., or ran-sems dpdn-du Odzug-pa Mil.,

to be sincere, to be conscious of speakingthe truth; dpdn-du Qgyur-ba to be witness

of, to see, to know (cf. spydn-du ^yur-

ba) ; bden-dpdn Lis. as explanation of ce-

bzi, witness or proof for the truth of a

thing; *pdn-po log-pa zer-ces* W. to give

false evidence (Schr. rdzun-dpdn). mi-

dpdn (Ld. *mir -pan*) W., C., is used as

syn. to dpdn-po (also Schr), 1. witness.

'2. defender, advocate; mi-dpan (or dpah-

po) byed-pa c. genit. or dat., to defend in

a court of justice; (dpdn-pos dpdn-ba Sch.

seems to be unknown and doubtful).

dpa/ts height; dpdns-su in height

Samb.; dpans-mfo Lex. high, cf.

pans. dpans-fsdd great heat Schr. (?).

"J* dpdr-ba v. dpor-ba.

dPal &sk- ^\ 1- glory, splendour, mag-

nificence, abundance; dpal reg-pa-

med-pa unattainable glory Glr.; yon-tandu - mai dpal splendour of numerous ac-

complishments; skyed-pai dpdl

- la lons-

&py6d-pa enjoying the utmost happiness

'

dpun-pa

.; frq. as an epithet, or part of the

names of deities, e.g. dpal-cen he-ru-ka,

and esp. dpal(-ldan)lhd-mo , dpal-cen-mo,

Durga Uma, Kali, the much adored spouseof Siva; Odad-dgui dpal the lulness of all

that can be desired Glr.; dpdl-gyi dum-bu,

TS(\{$\kg, 1. sandal-wood. 2. Cs. a kind of

syrup, prepared of bse-sin, used as a

purgative. 2. wealth, abundance, Glr. and

elsewh. 3. welfare, happiness, blessing,

Ogr6-bai of creatures Mil. and elsewh.; kun-

gyi dpdl-du Ogyur-ba or sdr-ba to be (be-

come) the salvation, the saviour of all beings

Glr. and elsewh.; dpal skyed-pa, yzdn-gyi,

rdii-gi dpal to work for the elevation of

others or for one's own. 4. nobility, dpdl-

gyi yndn-ba privilege of nobility; dpdl-gyi

ynan-sog diploma of nobility, dpdl-gyi

ynan-sog-pa one having a diploma of no-

bility Cs. dpal-tfydd Dzl. = dpal 1. -

dpal-^rtug majesty, full glory Sch. dpal-

Iddn a man's name (very common). dpal-

po an illustrious man, dpdl-mo an illustrious

woman Cs. --dpal(-gyi)

- beu is said to

denote the figure ^ Glr. - -dpal-byeu

glow-worm Sch. --dpal -byor 1. glory,

wealth, magnificence, as a man's possession.

2. W. strawberry; 3. a man's name (very

common)._._. dpun 1. host, great number, Jtans fams-

\= cdd-kyi Dzl.; esp. of soldiers. 2.

troops, army, dpun bzi the four species of

troops: rtai, gldh-po-cei, sin-rtai, and rkan-

fdft-gi dpun (or dpuh(-bu)-cun}; dpun-(gi)

fsogs, dmag-dpun, army frq.; dgra-dpun

hostilearmy. 3. (auxiliaries?), help, assist-

ance, *puh-la tdn-ce* W. to send assistance.

dpun-grogs, -rogs, helper. dpun-(gi')

ynyen friend, protector, defender, assistant,

frq.- -

*pun-non* W. reinforcement.

dpun-pa 1. shoulder, dpun-pa /car

on the shoulder Glr.', dpun-pa dan

dpyi ynyis both the shoulders and hips S.g. ;

upper arm, dpun-pa-rkdti upper arm-bone;

dpun ^urn-pa Sch. to contract the arm(?);

dpun -pa -lag upper and lower arm Cs.',

dput'i-pa-rgydn an ornament for the arm

Cs. 2. sleeve, gos dpuh-pa-can a garment

~q:f]"a;~' dpag - fWd mile, ace. to u. -4000 flltilOms, hence a geogra­

phical mile; yet there nre meutioned dpag­cen and dpag-Uoi, the latter = 500 falboms.The word seems altogethcl' \.0 belong moreto the phanlMtic In}'lhiclllliternture, thll.llto common lifc; so at least in lV.

~'Fl']'.q' dpciy-pa \', dpofJ"ll4.

::::J:!tIr.::rt.Ut:.~. dptlY-rye';! the, bustle or til-1--' "I T 1 mult of a fesltval !.Ai.

...tltfj'::I~~'J:j~' Jpag-blJam-!fi. II. of a fa­1 bnlous tree, that grontsevery wisb; Bl.:C. to Pth. _ tsdn-dall-3briil­9yi f>nyin.po.~qt:;.('f) dpd"(-po) witness, b~th the de-

ponent, and the eVidence de­Ilosed. Fully Iluthenticntcd arc as yet ouly:lha dpdn-du odzug-pa to Call II deity forn witness in taking lLll onl1l, W nrpeal to

Gb'.j 1I1:JO; dpali b!Joo-pa to bear witness,to !lUest, v. mila. .More oonjectlll'll.l arellie meanings of: bia-krlll! dpaii-du jdg.paGlr., or fa,j-ymS dpd,i-du .dzug-Jla .Ilil.,to be sincere, to be conscious of speakingthe truth; dpaii-du ofJ!Jlir.ba to be witnessof, to see, to know (d. 'pyan-Ju o!Iyur­[,a); [,de,l-dpal; Liis. as eXlllanation of Ct·

.. [,zi, witness or proof for 1I1e truth of II

thing; .pU"-po ldg.pa zi!·.i:t:l· W. to gi\'efalse evidence (&/11'. rdzun.dpd';). -mi­dpd,' (U. ·1IIir - pa".) tv., G., is used assyn. to dpcili-po (!lbo &111'), I. witness.'!. defender, advocate; mi-dpali (or dpan.po) byM-pa c. genit. nr tlat., to defend ina court of justice; (dpd,'.fJO' dpdii-ba &11.seems to be unknown and doubtful).

~q:.~ dpm.a height; d/)(J,ia - 8U iu height8alll[,.; dpali8 ·111(0 LM. high, cf.

.. pan8. - dpanS-(8dd great beat &hr. (?).

~q~.::r dpdr-l.Ja v. dpdr-ba.

~qrar dpal&k. m 1. glory, splelldour, mag-nificence, abundallce; dpal reg - pa­

mid.pa unattninable glory Glr.; yOn-Iandli - mat dpal splendour of numerous ac·cOJllplisbments; slryM _pai dpol- U; lO/is·.pydd - pa enjoyiug the atmost happiness

1, a

~'.q' dpioi-pa

Glr.; frq. as an epidJet, or pari of thenames of Ileities. e.g. Jpal-cen Ile-nt-ka,lind esp. dl'ul(.ldun)llld-trIo, djXlI-"fen-1IIo,Durga Uma, K~li, the much adored SjlOUseof Siva; .,lod-t.lgui dpal the tulness of aUtbnt enn bc dcsired Glr.; dpJl-pyi dum-bu,ml«, l. sandal-wood. 2. Ca. a kind ofsyrup, prepared of W -11m. used as npurgative. - 2. wealth, abundance, Glr. lindebewh. - 3. welfare, happiness, blessing..yro-bai of creaturcs Mil. and elscwh.; ki,n­g!Ji dl'ul-du .!I'jUr·[,a or sur-ba to he (be.collle)the snlvation, the saviour of all bein~GIl'. amI elsewh.; dpalsJ.:yh),.-pa, r'Zdn.gyi,j'uli-yi dIN-l to work for tile elevation ofothers or for one'sowlJ. - 4. nobility, dp41­gyi )"nd,j-ba pri\'ilege of nobility; dpdl-Y!lirna,j - isdg diploma of nobility, dpdl- gytynali-ltJg-pa one having a diplOID" of no­bility 0. - dpul-fydd Dzl. "" dpal 1.­dpal-I'tug majcsty, full glory &11. - dpal­Mdn n. lUan';; name (very common). - dJlal­fd an illustrious man, dpdl-mo an illu~LJ:ious

woman Ca. - dpa/, (- !!!Ji) - W:u is said todenote the figul'e *' Glr. - dpal-b.yeuglow-wonn Sdl. - dpal-bydr I. glory,wenlth, mngnificen<*, as a maD'S possession.2. W: strawberry; 3. n man's nlUDe (\'erycommon).::;q:.' dl'u';' 1. host, great number, .bana (ams­

t",; cdd-kyi Dzl.; esp. of soldiers. - 2.troops, army, dl'Uli bN the four species oftroops: ,.t«i, glUn-po-lei, iin-rlai, and r/ro,i­fdli-yi dpUli (or dl'wi(-lm)-cwi); tlpwi-(gi)(.wgs, dmag-dpun, lInny frq.; dgra_dpunhostileanny. -3. (auxiliaries?), help, assist·ance, ·puJi.la td,.·a- lY. to send HSsistallce.- dpu,i-YrOfIa, -rogs, helper. - dpwi-{gf)rny"" fricnd, protector, defendcr, ussiSlnnt,frq. - ·puli-min· ~v. reinforccment._qt:.'q' dpiJ.li-pa 1. shoulder. dpu,j-pa ~'al'

~ on lhc shouldcr Glr.; dpuil-pa'dw;dpyi rn!Jd hotl! thc shouldcl'S and hips S.!!.;upl'cl' ami, dpun-pa-l·hM uppCr arm-hone;dpuli Jum-pa &/1. to contrnct the nrm(?);dpl"'l. pa .lU!I upper and lowcr ann Cs.;dpU1;-pa-J'[j,'1dn an ornament for the &J'1lI

Ca. - 2. sleeve, !JOS dpilil-pa-can a garmeDt

,/,

with -li-cvf- <s.; <ljinii-ji<i-b(-(id the part of

a woman's dress covering the chest '/.tnn.\

N<7/. : dpun-btad^rda.

rq- <'/'>"

*p^, 1- pattern, model, oV-

la dpe Glr., or <//'<//

r />i/ds-/tnx /.am.,

taking this for a pattern; ryyd-yul-nasrtsis-kyi dpe blam it was from China that

mathematics were learned Glr. ; , . . pat' <//</

""'o''w// there are no patterns for . . . Glr.;

dpe H Itar with what to be compared?

according to what analogy? Thyy.\ simi-

litude, parable, example, mfun-pai dpe an

example that may be followed, a good ex-

ample; bzlog-pai dpe an example to the

contrary, a warning example Thgy.; *pe

zdn-po, and nem-pe pe* as well as *yar-

ia and mar-la zdg-pe-pe, or mar-pe* C.

id.; dpe st6n-pa to teach or to prove by

examples; hence the participle, used sub-

stantively, serves as an epithet of the Sau-

trantikas, Was. (112); dpe bsdd-pa, dpe

bzdg-pa=

dpe stdn-pa; dper rjod-pa to set

up for a parable or comparison; dper-na,in later times also dpe

-ni, dpe byed

- na

Mil., *pe gydb-na* W., 1. (in order) to

quote an example, by way of a comparison,

just as if, followed by bzin-du or Itar, very

frq.; 2. like our 'for instance', e.g., before

enumerations, where in the older writings

gen. Odi-lta-ste is used; dper ^6s-pa Cs.

what may be compared, dper mi fos-pa not

to be compared; occasionally also: worthyor not worthy of imitation

; Kd-dpe, ytdm-

dpe proverb, adage Cs.; Odrd-dpe allegory,

parable S.g. ; md-dpe W., Ld. *md-spe*,Lh. *mdr-pe*, pattern, (writing-) copy (cf.

also md -dpe and bit, -

dpe below).- -

'2.

symmetry, harmony, beauty, (in certain phra-

ses). 3. book, krt'ms bryyad-kiji dpe the

book of the eight commandments Dzl. : kd-

dpe, ka-K'di dpe abc-book, primer; pydg-

dpe rcsp. for dpe, if used by a Lama (cf.

pyag-mttdr}; md-dpe, bu-dpe original and

copy of a book Cs.; yig

- ndy dpe a real

book, not of a fig. meaning, as the book

of nature, Mil.; dpe rtsdm-pa to write, to

compose, bsu-ba to copy a book; Od6gs-pa,

to bind, to stitch a book.

Comp. dp4-ka little book, vulgo.l>'dii library; bookseller's ,hp.a table to put books on. book-tand. -

dpe-mkyi'id< J>'yud Cs. v. inkynd-jm.IIKII'I, <//>t'-//t)/<y beginning, end, of a book.

djH'-s;/<hn chest for books, book- case.

<!/><!-ca not frq. in H., but vulgo tin-

common word for book.*<///'-'// /"'-,

turn - ce* W. to open, to close a book : v.

v.

list of books. dpe-bydd proportion, sym-

metry, beauty, dpe-bi/dd /o///-/o ///</////-

cu the eighty physical perfections of Bud-

dha. dpe-bydd-can well-proportioned.

dpe-fsoh-pa bookseller. dpe-*ub case or

covering for a book. dpe-bsus copy of

a book. dper v. 1. dpe-brjdd I. ex-

ample, comparison, dpe-brjdd bye'd-pa to

compare, to cite an example Cs. ; dpe-brjod.

rtdys-pa Gram. id.(?). '2. paradigm, exampleGram.

dpe-syratf), *(s)pe-ra* W., speech,

for ytam; *(s)pe"-ra zer-cefy, tdn-

ce(s)*, to speak, to talk; "-zuf/ ()/)^-ra mat<t it do not say so! *(s)p/-ra zer-ce(p)

med-Kan son* he became speechless (with

terror etc.).

dpe'r-na v. sub dpe.

dpdg-pa, pf dpag*, fut . dpag, 1 . to

measure, to proportion, to fix, yton-

tsul ce-cnii-la (to proportion) the dose to

the sizeLf.; . . .kyifsad-las after the measure

of..., Lt.; nad-stobs-la according to the

violence of the disease Lt.\ dpag (tit) mid

(-pa), less frq. dpag-brdL <lpa<i-yds, im-

mensely large, very much ; fu</s dpag-msdinfinite grace, W&sdtLpa to show />-/. -

2. to outweigh, to counterbalance. //;>-.</"/-</

f<in/x-(-dd-kt/i* mi dpoii-f i not to be counter-

balanced by all the \veailth . . . Tar. .'i. to

weigh, to judge, to prove. rn'-*u

to examine Tar.\ rjcs-

inference, conclusion.

dpdn-jx) master, lord, over men

(generally): (cf. /*/<// -;*> owner)

master, over working-men. "\,-i-.-er, fore-

man, leader, grd-pai dpon-p<\ director, =

with slcev\'S ('.; l/pwj-pu-bCfi(l the Pl\l"t flfA 1V01llAn's dress co\'erillg the che..t .%tUII.;&J,.: (/pllll-bcm/-'·f;S.-Q' 11pt, Ld. "8}Jt", I. pattern, model, (/~

I la d}Jt G/r., OJ' de (/pr b!lfi~-"u$?-lllll.,takillg this for a pattern; "fI.I/1i. - !JIll- "asrui,..1y!· dpe b/a,;, it was from Cllina tlmtmathematics were learned Glr.; pui (/ft

nri "I/Uf! tlicrc al1.' no patterns fur G/r.;dpe ti Itar with what to be compnrcd?Recording to whnt aunlogy? Thyy.; simi­litude, pnrahle, example, nr(lill_pai JiM nne::uuIIl'le thnt rna)" be followed, n good ex­nmple; b::1d9 - pai (/pt an examplc to thecOlltrnry, l\ warning example ThfJ!J'; "pezan-po, and ,'em-pe pt," liS well ns "!Jur­la IIl1d tndr-ia zag-pe-pt, or mar-pI' C.id.; Jpe 3ton-pa to tcltch or to prove hyexamples; hence the participle, used suh­stftlltively, scrves as aD epithet of tlie Sau­trnntikns, Wll3. (112); JiM bifid-pa, Jptb::dg-pa - (/pe 3tUn-pa; dper 1jOd-pa to setup for a pnrnble or comparison; dpir-na,in Intcr times also dpi - ni, Jpe b!JM - 11aAli/., "pe !f!Jdb-na" IV., I. (in order) to

quotc an example, by Wll)' of a compari«on,just as if, followed by bHn.Jlf or ltar, vcr)'rrq.; 2. like our 'for instAncc', e.g., heforeenumerntions, where in the older writingsgen. odi-lta-ste is used; dp ~Q3-pa C3.whnt may he compnred, dpt'· mi #Q3'pa nlltto hc compared; occasionally nlso: worth}'or not worlh}' of imitation; A'a~JlJt, ytdlll­dpe pro\'erb, ndnge (.3.; odrd-.dflt allcgory.parnble 8.fJ.; md.dpe Jv., lAo "mn-3pt",LA. "mdr.pe\ pnttern, (writiIlR-) copy (cf.also md - dpt :md bu _dpe helow). - t.symmetry. hannony, bcnuty,(in certllio Ilhrll­ses). - a. book, Ib';,,,, brU!lud~k!li dpe thebook of the cigllt commnodlllen~ D;;l.; hJ­dpe, ka-IMi dpe nhe-hook, primer; P:'Iag­Jpe resp. for dpe, if uscd hy n l.nma (cf.hjau-ml!dr); 'Iui-dpe, bu-djJ4 originnl lIudcopy of a hook u.; !lig - ndg l1pe II realhook, not of n fig. IllcnniOR, as tho bookof nnture, Mil.; dpe rtWm-pa to writc, Wcompose, biil-l>a to copy A book; oddgl-pa,orsim-pa to bind, to ~tilc11 a \.look.,.. by

Comp. (lpM..a little book, ,"ulgo. ,IJ¥-fd,; lihrary; booksel1er'N ¥holl. - d/~-C'ri

A tAhle to put Uook~ 011, Ilook-stand. _(lj't--mAyM, ol'yud C•. v. ""lfYI/J-p«. - tlpe­'''yd. dpt-mj,ig ItlOgillninf!", C'ud, of • I",ok.- Jpe-3ytilll chC!>t for uook" book·ca...-e.- dpi_tll not feq. in /J., hut vulgo theCOlllillon word fur book. - "dp<-(Il /'«e.t,(111 - Ct" IV: to (1)()U, to c1~ A book: v.btlim-pa. - Jpe_rjM \'. tip". - J,>t- (d

Ii"t of books. - dpe-b,'1tid IlrorortiOll, "ym­molr)', beauty, Jpe-b.'fdI1 bzfi,i_po btyj!Jdd­Cu the eighty physical I)()rfe<::tion.'\ of Hud­dha. - l/pt-byud-hm well-proportioned. ­Jpl--f3()u·pa bookseller. - dpe-'Nln ('IL..~ orcovering for 11 book. - dpe-m'" copy ofn book. - dper \'. 1. - dpe-brjdd I. ex­IImple, compl'l"ison. dpt-b,jdll byrd-pll 10comp"re, to cite liD e1nmple U.; d~1jOO

riOfj3-paGraHl. id. (?). 1. paradigm, exampleGram. -

~Ef~' JpMflra(?), "(.)pi-J·a· lV" speech,for ytam; "(')l't!-ra ::h-ctC.). tali­

etCs)", to speAk, to talk; 't-ZUfl (')pl-rn matIll; do not say !IO! "(3)pi -ra ::ir-i~(,)

med-A'an 30'"'' he ucell.lIle sp<'echless (.,,·ithterror etc).

",4~'~' dl~r-na v. sub dpe.

~4Qr.:.r dpdg-pa, pf dpaU3, fut. d,il'1!J, I. tomeasure, to proportion, to fix, rld,.­

t3ul c&cuu-Ia (to proportion) the d~ tothe size Lt.; ... l:yif3tid-hn ",fter the mCl\~ure

of ... , Lt.; 71ad..$Id1A·la IICCOHlillg to tho1"i0lCDCC of the diseH<e Lt.; 111'(lg (til) ",!hI(-pa), less frq. l/pag.bI'QI, l/pag-!!,i" i"'l­mcutlel}' hu·gc, "cry lUuch; (ug~ l/pag_,1fhlinfinite gmce, mJzuli-1'11 to "llOw D:i. ­2. to outweigh, to counterbalance. /0"""1'!JMfaIll3.rnd-J"!li3 mi dfHl!I-lJll not to he ,'ounter­bl\lllnced by 1\11 the welllth ... 'l~/r. - a. toweigh, to judge, to prove. ,;iN" tll>Oy-pato t'lt",mine T"r.; 1jt*-l/pti,q Z."". ~,infcrellce, conclu,ion.-~'::f (1"oII-li'O master, lord, o\rr ruen

(~eneTltIl}'); (d. b.l.ig_/oo owner)lllllster, Ofer working-lIlen, onfS('cr, fore­Ulan, Ie/Iller, grci-paj d}JQ"-PO, ,jirt~tor. ­1/. "

328

'^" dpor-ba "CJ" dpyod-pa

Ogo-dpon" *dpon-po-la cag pul dug zu zer,

fug-sro ma kyod, na yon-loii med* W. make

your master my compliment, and he should

not take it amiss that I had no time to

come; k'rims-dpon 1. prop.: superior judge,lord chief-justice. 2. now: high officer of

state, prefect,=

mi-dpon; mKar-dpon com-

mander of a fortress; Jf/rug-dpon general

Ma.] Ogo-dpon v. go; brgyd-dpon centurion,

captain; bcu-dpon corporal; cibs-dpon master

of the horse, equerry; rje-dpon=

rje; rtd-

pa-dpon (sic) (cf. pa extr.) general of ca-

valry Glr.' stegs-dpon(?) v. stegs; stoh-dponleader of a thousand (seems to be no longerin use); ded-dpon sea-captain; mdd-dponis said to be in C. the modern word for

general, and Qdegs-dpon the same as stdh-

dpon', however v. stegs; Idin-dpon v. Idin;

spyi-dpon governor general 6s.; mi-dpon

prefect; rtsig-dpon master-mason;rdzdn-

dpon mKdr-dpon\ yul-dpon prefect of a

District Wts.\ ru -dpon something like co-

lonel; sin-dpon master-carpenter; slob-dpon

teacher, frq., also title of the higher and

more learned Lamas, corresponding, as it

were, to MA, master of arts; ysol-dpon

head-cook, butler. dpon - mo fern.,nai

dpon- mo yin she is my mistress Glr. -

dpon-yodslanding under a master or mistress.

dpon-med free 6s. dpon-yyog master

and servants, frq. K6n-jo dpon-yyog

(princess) koh-jo and her suite Glr. dpon-fsdn physician Schr. and Sch. - -

dpon-yig

secretary Schr. dpon-slob l.inst. oidpon-

po dan slob-ma Ma. and elsewh. 2. title

of the four independent rulers in Bhotan,

the 'Penlow' of English news-papers, ace.

to the pronunciation of *pon-lob) pon-lo*.

dpor-ba, pf. and fut. dpar, to die-

tate, 6s.;if

por-tsdm ()he')-pa* C. id.

cq* dpya tax, duty, tribute, Jbul-ba to pay,

T Dzl., Jbebs-pa to impose Tar. 21, 11;

dpya- Krdl id., rgydl-poi dpya-Krdl Lex.

;

likewise dpya-fdn Cs.

znr'n' dpydn-ba, spydn-ba, to suspend, to

make hang down, prop. vb. a. topydn-

ba, with pf. dpyans and spyans, imp. dpyans,

Sck. dpyans, but also vb. n., to rock, to

pitch (of a ship) l^th.; dpydn-la yton-ba trs.

Thgy.; *gyog-can*, perh. more corr. *%o^r-

cdn*, also *peb-cdn* 6'. sedan-chair, palan-

quin; dpyan-fdg, Opyah-fdg, cord or rope,

by which a thing is suspended, e.g. a

plummet, a bucket, a miner; hence fig.

fugs-rjei dpyan-fdg ycdd-pa Thgr. ;cu-snod

dan dpyan-fag sbd-ba to hide the bucket

together with the rope Schr.; a rope-swing,

dpyan-fdg rtsed-pa to swing (one's self);

dpyans, spydns-paipan, hanging ornaments,

dar-dpydns silk ornaments S.g.

dpyad 1. v. dpyod-pa. 2. Stg.: an

instrument to open the mouth byforce

; perh. also in a more general sense :

crow-bar (?); dpydd-pa v. dpyod-pa.

dpyds-po offence, fault, blame 6s.;

dpyds-can faulty, blamable; dpyas-

med faultless, blameless 6s.; dpyas Odogs-

pa to blame Tar.' cf. Opyd-ba.

dpyi (Cs. also spyi} W. *(s)pi* , hip

Lt.\ dpyi-mgo Cs., dpyi-zur, dpyi-rus,

hip-bone; dpyi-mig socket of the hip-bone,

perh. also vulg.=

hip.

dpyid (cf. Phonetic Table), spring,

also adv. in spring Dzl.\ cf. also dm

4; dpyid-ka, *pid-fca* W., id., also Glr.\

dpyid-zla month of spring.

dpyis, dpyis pyin-pa Sch. : to come

to the last, to arrive at the end;

dei rig-pa Odi dpyis pyin-pa sus kyan mi

ses dgons-nas Schf.: as he reflected, that

no body would thoroughly understand his

arguments.

dpyon-ba, perh. primitive form of

dpydn-ba.

TJ' dpyo-ba to change Sch.

dpyod-pa, pf.and fut. dpyad, to

try, to examine, nyes-pa dan ma-

nyes-pa innocence and guilt, right and wrongDzl.

; dpydd-na ... ma rtogs-so after ever

so much investigating . . . they found out

nothing Dzl.; bye- brag -tu dpydd-pa ste

having now been separately examined Zam. ;

sa-dpydd, or ri-dpydd yzigs-pa to examine

the country, or the mountains, i.e. their

general features, with regard to omens and

328~q·=:,::r dpor-ba

o!lO-lljJl)1I; ·dpOn-po-la cag llUl dug :u ::cr,fUy-8rd 1IIa ky<>d, ,ia lphi-{o;1 '111fff" 1V. mnkeyour master my compliment, nod he shouldnot take it amiss that I had no time to

come; friJfl8..<fP()fj l. prop.: superior judge,lord chief-justice. 2. now: high officer ofstate, prefect, - lIli-dpJn; ml.'ar..<f]J611 com­mander of a fortress; )(rVg-dpon generalMa.; ofjd-dpon v. [!O; btYJ!Jd-dpon ceuturion,enptlliu; ~u-dpollcorporal; Cibs-dp()n masterof the horse, equerry; r)t-dpoll - r)e; "Id­pa..<fpon (sic) (d. pa extr.) general of ca­"alry Glr.; 8tkJ8-dpcn(?) v. stegs; sw,'..<fpmleader of a thousnnd (seems to be uo longerin use); dM-dpon sea-eaptain; mdd-dponis said to be in G: the modern word forgeneral, IUlIl odeg8-dpon the same as std,i­dpcn; however v. slf!!J3; ldbi..Jpon v.taili;spyi-dpon governor general Cs.; m! - dpollprefect; rtsig-dp()lI master-mason; rd::dli­dpon - 1IIfdr-dpon; yui-dpon prefect of a9istrict Wis.; riI- dJXm something like co­lonel; Af,i.dpM master-carpenter; sldb-dponteacher, frq., also title of the higher rn1dlnore learned IJllmas. corresponding, flS itwere, tOllI.A., master of n.rts; pdl-dponhead-cook, butler. - dpdn -1110 fern., naidp6n -1110 yin sbe is my mistress Gil'. ­dpdn-yodstandingunderamasterormistl'ess.- dpon-mtd free <A. - dpon·rylXJ masterand servants, frq. - fd,; -)0 Jpon - r!fOrl(princess) fwi<-)o and her suite Glr, ..:.... dpon­(sd" physiciau Sehr. and Sell. - dpo>l-lligsecretar)' Schr. - dpon-8ldb 1. iust. of dpdn­po d{ln sMb- rna Ma. and elsewh. 2. titleof the four independent rulen; in Bhotan,the 'Penlow' of English news-papers, flce.to the pronunciation of ·pJn-lob, pUn-.1o·.~?:f',:::r dp6r-ba, [If. find fut. dpal', to dic-

...... tate, ell.; ·por-t86m (jlv!)-pa· C. iil..c;a' dpya tax, duly, lri~ute, ob~l:b(l, to pn)',

D::l., oblbs-pa to Impose '1 ar. 21, J1;dp.!Ja - "'ral id., rgydi. poi dpya-/{rul la.;likewise dp1/o.-(uli C8.~',:::r dp.lfati-bo., spgail-bo., to suspend, to

make hangd(lwn, prop. vb.a. tQ1)yuli.00, with ]Jf. dpyo.Jis anJ SPflan8, imp. dpyaN8,&/1. dP!JO"8, but also vu. n., t~1 roeb, f(l

~~..:.r dpyOd-pa

pitch (of a ship) 1'th.; dpyd';.io. ftdii-OO trs,Tllgy.; ·g!JOg-Call·, perh, lIlore corr. •~!JOfJ­Cdit·, also ·jleb-M,j· C. sednn-chl\ir, palan_quin; dpyal,-fug, oPyail-fdg, cord or rope,by whirh a thing is suspended, e.g. uplummet, 1\ bucket, a miner; hence fi~.

(lIg8-ljei dpyan-(l!g fl'Od-pa TllfJr.; fu...8nodJa,l dpYal'-fag sb(j-ba. 10 lJide the buckettogether with the rope &/11'.; u rope-swing,dp!J<lIi-fdg rt81d-pa to SWillg (one's sclf);dpya'il, 8J!yails-pail'an, hanging ornaments,dar-dpyali. silk ornaments S.g.:;as dpyad 1. v. dpyM.pa. - 2. Sty.: an

instrument to open tbe mouth byforce; perh. also in l\ more generu.l sense:crow-bar(?); dpydd.pa v. dp!J6d-pa.:;S~''f dpyiU-po offence, fault, blame Cs.;

dp!ldl-can faulty, blnmable; dp!JU'­rwJd faultless, blameless Cs.; dpyas oddgl­pa to blame Tar.; cf. oP!Jd-ha.~. dp.vi (C8. also spyi) 1V. ·(s)p"', hip

Lt.; dpy£·7Ilgd e8., dp!J£-zur, dpyi-rm,hip-bone; dpy£.mi!J socket of the hip-boue,perh. also vulg. - hip,"'SO'" dpfjid (d. Phonetic Table), spring,

1 also adv. iu spring Dzl.; ef. also dut4; dplJid -100, ·pid - ~'a· W:, id., also Gir.;dP!Jid-zla month of sl'ring.=@~. I1pyis, dpyi8 pyin-pa Sell.: to come

" to the last, to arrive at the end;dd rig-po, odi dpyis p'yin.pa fUll kyai< mi8l'l1 dgons.nas Sclif.: as he reflected, thatno bod)' would thoroughly understand bisarguments.~i::::r dpfJon-ba, perh. primitive form of

dpyun-ba.

~=r dpyd-ba to change &h.

:?rr·.q· dpydd-pa, pf. and fut. dpyad, to'01 try, to examine, lIyt&-pa dan ma­

lIyis-pa innocence aDd guilt, rightaud wrongD::l.; dpydd-fla ... ma ,·tOo'-80 after everso much iuvestigating ... the)' found outaothing D::l.; bye- brag - tlf dpydd - pa atehaving now beenSl'paratelycxamined Zam.;.a-dpydd, or ri..<fpydd r::ig&-pa to euminethe country, or the mountains, i.e. theil·gClleral features, with regard to omens find

auspices Glr.; sai dpyad bzdn-bar Ms-pato know that this examination will turn

out favourably f///1

.;*rin cdd-ce* (gen.

written *bad-ce*, cf. bMd-pa extr.) W. to

tax, to estimate; gon-fdti dpydd-bfil (or

-pas) mi cod Glr. v. cod -pa 2; esp. in

medicine: smdn-pas . . . dpyad byds-te . . .

dpyad byds- so the physician having

tried, tried thus, (pronounced the following

as the result of his examination) Dzl. 'W9,

12; sman-dpydd byed-pa to treat medically,

ilfn/ad md-la bya then the mother (not the

child) must be placed under medical treat-

ment Lt.; Obrds-kyis btsun-moi sman-dpydd

byed-pa to cure (the illness of) the queenwith rice Dzl.\ sman-dpydd-la mKds-pa to

be skilled in medical science Dzl.; ca-bydd

dpydd-kyi ynas instrumental therapeutics

i.e. surgery S.g. ; rtog-dpyod, brtag-dpydd,

examination; rtog-dpyod rdb-tu ytoh-ba to

examine very closely Pth. ; rtog-dpyod fo/l

examine ! Mil. ; bzan-dpydd examining the

worth of a thing.--

dpyod-pa-pa, and

spyod-pa-pa, Ssk. 4$\4\\qdb, an Indian sect

of philosophers (the former of the two

spellings seems to be more correct).

dprdl-ba (resp. ydans 6s.), *tdl-

wa*, Ld. *sfdl-wa*, forehead, dprdl-6ai mda an arrow sticking in the forehead

Glr.; dprdl-bai mig bzin-du 'like the eyeof the countenance', to designate something

highly valued (as the scriptural 'apple of

the eye'); dprdl-bai pyogs-kyi fad drdh-na

just before one in front Wdn.; fig. *tal-

wa nan-pa* W. unlucky; a luckless person.

5jarTQJ* dprul-dprul (or prul- prtil?),

si si *tul-iul-la ton wa* C. to hangone's self.

IpagSy as second part of compoundsinst. of pdgs-pa, e.g. wd-lpags fox-

skin, stdg-lpags tiger-skin ; sun-lpags skin,

bark, peel, shell.

r spa 1. v. dpa. 2. also s6a, cane (seems^ to be distinguished from smyug - mamore in a popular and practical way, than

scientifically) ; spa-skor hoop of a cask Sc/n: ;

*l><t-Kdr Mil., spa-lcdy Mil., spa- ber Pth.,

spa-dbyuy Lex.

, walking-cane; spa-

<jliii

cane-flute Kelt.; npu-til lunt, match, \

///; njitt-,li>/,..r -liln/'i little cask, made of

bamboo, prob.-

/////-//?// dfarinOj*pa-JUt*

6'., W. torch; apa-dmyt'tf/ or -*myuy, cane

( x. : pa-xh'i Stk. strong bamboo sticks.

5,1-xi- spa -ma 1. juniper, Juniperus squa-

mosa, and some other small species;

cf. dug-pa. --2. cypress tiik.

spdg-pa 1. v. spog-pa.-

pay pdg-ce* W. to smack (in eating).

3. C'., W. to dip, e.g. meat into the gravy;cf. the following.

..-..spags, resp. skyu-rum, 1. 6'. = zan

(= *K6-lag, pdg-Ku* Lrf.), pap, -p.

made of tea and 'tsampa'. 2. W. = *da-

;%* (7.), sauce, gravy, for dipping in (sops);

*dam-pdg* W. mire, sludge. 3. food, dish.

mess; W., C. *pag na so-so*.

tp. span, I. also spdn-po, 1. turf, green-

sward, meadow, mdun-na spdn-po ii"-

tog bkra in front a flowery meadow-groundMil. 2. moss, also cu-span Cs. 3. bog.

span-skon 1 . p.n. ('turf-ditch'), a large valley,

with a lake in it, on the frontier of Ladak

and Rudog. 2. span-skon pyag-rgyd-pa n.

of an ancient work on religion Glr. spari-

rgyan a medicinal herb Med. ; span- can

covered with turf; spdn-cu green mud Sch.;

span-ljdns grassy country ; span-tan a plain

covered with verdure; span

-spos Wald-

heimia tridactylites, a pretty, very aromatic

composite, growing on the higher alps;

span-bog piece of turf, sod; span-ma Med.,

7fif, blue vitriol; span-rtsi S.g.(?);span-zun

verdigris Sch.; span-ri a grassy hill Mil. ;

span -yson a mountain-meadow MiL

II. board, plank, gen. span-Ub Glr. and

vulg. ;also a slab, slate, flag /./'..- span-sgo

board or panel of a door Cs. ; span- kri

Schr., *ti-pdn* Ld , *pan-ddn* Ld., book-

stand.

spah-ba v. spon-ba.

spans, sometimes inst. of dpans.

spud, only inpa-spda'fatherand children;

cf. the more frq. witf-w^ Le*-

^ span-sjrim brothers, relatives '

21*

auspices Gt,..; sai dpyad b::d,; -bar Jh-pato kl\oW tllllt Ibi~ examination will tumout fuYourabl}' Gir.; • ri" cdd - ~t· (gen.written -head-ct-, cf. bMd-po. extr.) W. to11lX, to eslimftte; yon-tali flj'!Jad- k!jU (or-plU) 'ml (<Hi Glr. v. 'lod-prJ 2;,csp. inmc(licine: I1ll4n-pa_ ... dp!Ja11 0Jds-te ...zt'. (Il'yad h!Jd. -'0 die ph)'siciliD havingtriro, tried thus, (pronounced the followingRI! the re;>ult of his examination) D::l. 71",),12; IllIan-dpyud byM-pa to trent medically,dp!I"d "'Id_la bya then the mother (not thechild) must be pluced under medical treat­ment Lt.; obrdH!lis btBim-moi ,man-dpyddb!Jrd-pa to cure (the illness of) the queen""jth rice D::l.; sman-dp!Jdd-la 1IIIld,-pa tobe skilled in medical science D::l.; la-byaddl'!Jdd-J.yi rUM instrumental therapeuticsi.e. surgery S.!J.; rlOfJ-dpyOd, hrtag-dpyud,exnminution; rt09-dp!J6d rdb-tu rton-ba 10

examine very dosely Pili.; f'wg-dpydd (olj

examine! .Mil.; bzan-dp!J6d examining theworth of n thing. - dp!J6d - pa - pu, and8pydd-pa-pa, &1:. ,ft II i411, an Indinn sectof philosophers (the former of the twosllcllings seems to be more correct).~Qr:.r.:r dpl'fil-ba (resp. rtlUli8 c,.), -!(U.

Icu-,Ld. -jtdf-u:a-, fol't!head,dprdi­tai mda an arrow sticking in the foreheadGlr.; dprti{"'bai mig b'!dn-du 'like the eyeof the countenance', to designate somethinghighly valllcd (as the scriptural 'apple ofthe eye'); dprdi-bai l',y6gt-l;!Ji fad drdn·nujust before one in front Wdll.; Iig. ·ta{,..1M "an-pu· w. unlucky; n luckless person..c;Q~·.c;.:J':r dpruZ-dprv.l (or 1lrui- jmilt),'i "::! ·tui-Jili-ia tOti 100- C. to hnng

one's self.~~. Ipu[Jt, as second part of comP4'unds

in~t. of pdg8-pu. e.g. tcd-lpaga fOJ:­skin, ttag-ipaga tiger-skin; Um-lpafJf skin,bark, peel, shell.~. 8pa I. v. dpa. - 2. also .va, cane (seems

to be distinguished from 'myilg - 1114

more in n popular and prnctical wny, thanscientificully); 8pa-d:6t· hoop of acask &hr.;apa_lEdr MiL, apa_ Rug Mil., 'pa - M' Pth.,3])4 - Ilb!JUg Lu., wnlking-enn!l; 1lJ" - gUiI

cane-llutf' &h.; '1HJ.-tillun!, mal(:h, ... JUI_til; 'pa-d&il or -/J(Hi little cask, made ofbnmboo, IJrob. - !J'1r-gWr II6>i-mo; -pa-.bar·C., lV, torch; 'pa-dmyW!J or -J",!I"fJ, C&!Ieca.; pl'l-Mti Sil,:. strong bllmboo stickl.~·,;.r apd - ma 1. juniper, ,Julliperul 5qu",); Illosa, and some other llmall sJ*iell;cf. iU!J-p<A. - 2. cypress &1:.~l:if'r 'pag-'Pa 1. v. ,pdg-pu. - 2. "fdl-

pafllldg·ce· lV, to smack (in elIting).- 3. C., w: 10 dip, e.g. meat into the gr....y;cf. the followinj:t.

tI=l'j~r $]lag', resp. d:yu~nlm, 1. C. - :an(_ -fd-Iuy, pdg-ku- IA.), pap, e~p.

made of tea and 'tstunpll'. - 2. W. _ -Aa­rUg" C.), sauce, gravy, for dip(ling in (&Ops);·dam-pdff IV. mire, sludge. - 3. food, dish,mess; W:, C. ·pag na fO-Jd".tIC" 8pII,i, 1. 1l.1so tp<i"-po, I. turf, green·

sward, meadow, mdun-na tpdti-po tlli­tog bkTa in front tL flowery meadow-groundMil. - 2. moss, also lJwpali G. - 3. bog,tpan-$k:lli I. p.n. ('turf-diteb'),ll.l.rgenlley,.....ith a lake in it, on the frontier of Ladllka.lld Rudog. 2. 'pali...J:oil ftyag-ryyri-1'a n.of an nncient .....ork on religiOll Gir.; 'patt_rg)jan a medieinnl herb JIm.; 'pdJi -cancovered with turf; llpdn-rn green mud Sell.;'pa,j-ljo';5 grnssy counl.l')·; 'pott-(ali .. plaineO\'ered with verdure; apa'; - ,pdt WAld­beimia. trid:'lctyli~s, a pretty, ,'eryaromnticcomposite, growlllg on the higher Alps;8pali-btJo piece of turf. sod; '1'm;-1IIa Mtd.,W('f, blue \'itriol; 5pa,i-rflli S.g.('); 'pail-hin.:erdigris &/,.; 'pa,i--ri a grnssy hill Mil. j

'pUli-y.oil II mountain-meadow Alii•II. board, plank, gen, tpan..Ub Gir. and

vulg-.; a.lso a slab, slate, flag LIJ.; 'pa,i-J¢board or pllnel of a door G.; 'pali -Iln'StilT" -tl-pGI'" Ld, ·pa,i-dd"- l..d., book­stand.

~':::l' 8pan-ba \'. 'pon-M.

~!:.~. 'pan', sometime;; inst. of dpa.a.

~_. ,pad, only inp'a-Jpddfalherand children;); j cf. the more frq. 1Hll-lWitid, Lt~.

lij~~"" Ipml-~l'';n brothers. relatives 0.

M; '" 21'

330

spabs

spabs, rna-spdbs C. ear-wax; Lexx.

also rnul- (or rdul- ?) gyi spabs w.e.

"

spar for par 1.

a) spar-Ka brgyad the pah

kwah, or eight diagrams of Chinese

science, etc.

spar-ba I. sbst., also spar-mo (Ld.

*wdr-mo*, ace. to the spelling sbar-

mo) I. the grasping hand, paw, claw, sprdn-

poi spdr-mor spa-dbyug sprad he puts the

staff into the beggar's grasp (hand) Lexx.;

*wdr-mo gydb-ce* W., spdr-mos Ob)'dd-pa

to clutch, to scratch; spdr-mos Odebs-pa Cs.,

spar byed-pa Sch., to seize with the hand,

the paw, or the claws; ydon fams-cdd spar-

sad rgydb-pa Pth. to scratch the whole

face ('combing it with the claws'); *sbar-

)u* C. rail, for taking hold of; spar-mo

Jbyed-pa, bsddm-pa to open, to close the

hand Cs. 2. as a measure: as much as

may be grasped with the hand, a handful

(of wood, grass, earth etc.), *(s}pdr-ra gan*one handful, (s)pdr-ra gan do two hand-

fuls etc.; spar-fsad lha-brgyd 500 hand-

fuls S.g. ; sa spar- gdh Mil. a handful of

earth.

II. vb. v. spw-ba.

spdr -ma a low-growing shrub of

very hard wood MiLnt.

|Ti.gi (s)pi-ti Spiti, the valley, situated to

^ ' the west of Lahul, watered by the

Spiti river, belonging to the British Punjab,

and inhabited by a race of pure Tibetans.

T(-V spiu col. for speu.

^t- spu, Ssk.^ft*?*^,

1. hair ('pilus', cf. skra),

NO lus-kyi of the body in general, Lex.;

mgo-spu, Jed- or ydon-spu, mcdn-spu, Odoms-

spu (or spu-ndn 6s.), brdn-spu, hair of the

head, the beard, arm-pits, lower-parts, chest;

bd-spu the little hairs of the skin, frq.;

rtd-spu horse-hair; spu Opyi or ytog the

hair is plucked out Lex., byi falls off Dzl.,

yzob byed is singed off Sch., Idan, Ian DzL,

lon-yyo Mil., the hair bristles, stands on

end; spu zin byed B., brtse Sch., *se-zih*

W., a shuddering of fear comes over (me,

!<> spunNa

him etc.) ;fams-cdd spu-zin byed-cin Pth. ;

byad spus Kens-pa with a face all hairy

G-lr.; spui Kun-bu passage of perspiration,

pore Dzl. ; spu nydg-ma tsdm-gyi ^gyod-pai

sems repentance as much as one single little

hair Dzl. 2. feather, byd- spu rluh-gis

Kyer-ba a down (feather) blown off; feathers,

plumage.

Comp. spu-Ica colour of horses and other

hairy animals. spii-gri I. razor: also

allegorically, as a title of books. 2. knife

6'. --spu- can hairy. spu-cim(?) false

hair Sch. spu-ja v.)a.--

spu-byi ndg-

po, spu-ndg&\sopu-byi, sable (furred animal)

Sch. --spu-ma hairy, carded (cloth).

spu-med hairless. spu-ytsan-ma v. spus.-

spu-hrug short-haired Sch.

^T^C^f spu-rdns Glr. v. pu-rdns.^c

Qff]' spug Lexx. n. of a precious stone Cs.

^3

^r* spun heap, col. also for pun-po ; spuii-

^ ba pf. and imp. -spuns, to heap, ac-

cumulate, pile up (coals etc.); rin-cen spuns-

pa a heap of precious stones Glr.

_._...spud-pa to decorate

; rgydn-gyis Lex.

-^'

(cf. spus}.

y. spun 1. children of the sameparents^

xP brothers, sisters, fcd-mo-cag spun ynyis

we (his) two sisters Dzl. ?LQ, 17; ned spun

j-sum we three brothers Glr.; Kyed bu-mo

spun Ina-po you five sisters Mil.; pleon.

bu spun ysum Tar.; spun yzdn-rnams his

other (six elder) brothers Tar.; spun-yces

dear brother! Chr. P. pd-spun, brothers

and sisters of the same father; md-spunof the same mother; spun-zla, (s)pun-da,

or -la 1. = spun; 2. in C. it is said to be

used also for attorney, advocate; spun-ma

sister, as a more particular designation of

the sex. - - 2. in a wider sense : cousins,

brothers- or sisters-in-law; grogs-spun mate,

comrade; cos-spun a brother of a religious

order; pd-spun, pas-spun, several neigh-

bours or inhabitants of a village, that have

a common Lha, and thus have become *Vws-

pa Gig-big1

*, members of the same family;

this common tie entails on them the duty,

330

tJ:::l~ .pab3, rna.3pdbt C, ear-wax; Lu~.

;"lIS<! niul- (or rdul-?) gyi 'Pat.! w.e.

tJ'::: 'Par for JH1r 1. &1,.

tJ'=:'"F 3pa"'~'a, 8par-fa brgylld the pallkwah, or eight diagrams of Chinese

science, =--= etc.

tJ.:::.·~· spaJ'-ba 1. 8bst" also 8jJ(11'-TilO (lA.'"war-mQ'", ace. to the spelling war­

mo) 1. Ihe grasping liaRd, paw, claw, 8prd'i­poi 8pdr-mQr 8pa-dbyitg .prad be puts thestaff into the beggar's grasp (hand) Luz.;·lNir-mo gydb-te· W, 8pdr-1Il03 ",brdd-pato clutch, to scratch; ']Jdr-11lQ3 Qdebs-pa (;s.,

'Par b~ &1/" to seize with the hand,the paw, or the claws; )'ooit (am3-Mil &par­

sad r!l!ldb-pa Pth. to scratch the wholeface ('combing it with tbe claws'); "War­Ju. G rail, for taking hold of; 8pdl'-m<>",bybl-pa, fudtbn-pa to open, to close thchand Os. - 2. as 1\ met\8ure: as much asmay be grasped willa the bund, a llandful(of wood, grass, earth etc.), ·(,)pdl'-ra ya;,'"one handful, (8)pra gm; do two haud·fuis etc.; spar- had rna - br[JlJa :..00 hand­fllls S.g.; sa spar-gail Mil. l\ handful ofeartb.

II. vb. v. spdr-ba.

~~.~. spdr.ma a low-growing shrub ofvery hard wood Mil.nt.

i'~ (it)pi-u Spiti, the valley, situated to::17 the west of Lahul, watered by theSpiti river, belonging to the British Punjah,and inhabited by a rote of pure Tibetans.~

if~' spiu col. for ~.

~. spu, &k. U1I1l, I. hair ('pilas', cf. sob-a),~ lli3- kyi of the body in gen('ml, J-liM.;mg0-8pu, llli- or rddn-spu, mltin-apu, odorru;­spu (or spu..ndn 01.), lmi'i-apu, hair of thehClld, the beard, arm-pits, lower-parts, chesl;bd-spu the little haifs of the skin, frq.;rW.!1pu horse-hair; SjJU op!!i or rWfJ thehair is plucked out Lu., byi fait! off Dzl.,rm byed is singed off &h., Ulan, laoi D::l.,lOn-n;o Mil., the hair bristles, stnnds onend; spu ziil byrd 8., brl.3e &11., "';e-z(nOW., a shudderiDg of fear comes over (me,

him etc.); (Umll-Ud spu-zi>i bt/M-M,. PrJI.;

b.lJad spas Ileus-pa with a face all hairyGlr.; spui lUui-bu passuge of pel'SI,irntion,pore DzI.; spa nyag.ma tsd7l1-flYi JJ!J6d-paiurns repentance as much ns Olle sillglolittleLair Dd. - 2. feather, blJd-qm rlwi-gultyer.ba a down (feather) blown off; feathm,plumage.

Compo spi--lla colour of horses and otLterhairy animals. - spu-!Jri 1. razor; alsoallegorically, as a title of books. 2. knifeC. - :tpti-can hairy. - spu-cim(?) falsehair &!I. - spli-)a v. ja. - spu-byi lIag­po, spu-ndgalsopU-b1fi, sable(furred animal)&11. - spti..-ma hairy, carded (cloth). ­spu--mid hairless. - spu-rtsaii-ma v. sptM.- spu-kriJg short-hllired Sell.

~~c:~ spu-rdns Gir. v. pu.ralis.

~~. spugl-t.x.J:. n. of a precious stone c..~F spu,l heap, col. lI1so for pun_po; spwli­~ ba pi. and imp. -apuns, to heup, ac­cumulate, pile up (eoalsete..)j "'in-een spaili&­pa a heap of precious stones Glr.

~""::.r spi«l-pa to decorate; rgydn-gyu Lu.tJ1 (c!. spm).~3i ~pun 1. children of the Sllme paren~

tJ brothers, sisters, JM-1fI()-Cu.g spun rn:"uwe (bis) two sisters D::l. '71..°,17; 'ied 'punTsum we three brothers Gir.; llytd bt;.mospun Ilia-po )'ou fi,'e sisters Mil.; pleon.bu :tpun rsum Tar.; 'pun r=dn-rnam& hisother (six elder) urothers Tar.; spun-rcbdear brother! Cllr. P. - i)(wpun, hrothersand sisters of th~ same father; mil - tpunof the same mother; spt'm..::la, (,)pu1Hl4,or -la I. _ spunj 2. in C. it is said to beused also for attorney, advocnte; spun·rnasil;ter, as a more particular designation ofthe sex. - 2. in a wider sellse: cousins,brothers- or sisters·in-Iaw; gfligt-apun lOate,colOrnde; 'dU-apun a brother of 0. religiousorder; pa-spun, lids-tpun, several..!'eigh­bours or inhabitants of a village, that hll.l"ca'common Lha, nnd tiJus have bccomeo,rw­pa Cig-Cig'·, members of the samt' family;this common tie entails on them the duty,

sptin-pa

win-never a death takes place, ofcaring for

the cremation of the dead body (cf. cos-

sfn'trt)Mil. and t-lscwh.; indza-spun friend

< '*.- 3. weft, woof in weaving.

SJ-VCr *l"'"~l>a ! &bst., also shun- pa /{..

C., sbur(-ma) Dzl,, Ld., chaff, husks

etc. 2. adj. a botanical term, descriptionof the stalk of a plant Wdn.

tp&b-pa, |>t. .s/w/'.s, vb. a. to Jbub-pato turn upside down.

xtx- spur, pur, also sku-spur, resp. for ro,

N dead body, corpse, spur sbydits-pa C.

to burn a dead body; spur-Kan house for

keeping dead bodies, or rather, in most

cases, the place of cremation; spur-syamor sgrom coffin; spur-fal ashes of a dead

body; spur- fsa the salt for preparing a

dead body; spur -sin wood for burning a

corpse.

spur-ba, vb. a. to Opur-ba, to make

fly, to scare up, to let fly; dus spur-

ba to pass time quickly 6s.; ston-spur ex-

aggeration, bombast 6s.

r^r spus 1. goods, merchandize, ware, */'//*

NS ltd-ba to examine goods before pur-chase 6s.

; *spus yyur-ce* W., *pu ^gyur-wa*C's. = *dal tson tan - ce*. - - 2. goodness.

beauty, spits-can, spus-ytsdn, spus-bzdii, of

fine appearance; spus-med ill-looking, un-

sightly. 3. Sch. : for spos.

xtn XTQ- speu, spiu, turret, on a castle or'

gate W., (C. Icoy). High towers

or steeples are seldom met with in Tibetan

architecture; *peu yyd-can rin-mo*, ml^ir

or Kdti-pa dyu-foy are the terms denotingsuch.v CS

'

spey-sin C's. : n. of part of a cart.

'

spen-tog, ornament, finery.

spen-pa, yza-spen-pa 1. the planet

Saturn; the proper meaning is said

to be a broom, hence the sign for it is

somewhat resembling that implement Wdk.- 2. Saturday.

xjj-^v spcn-ma, spen-siii, n. of a tree, prob.

tamarisk; spen-bddo. parapet, formed

of the stems of tamarisk and raised on the

roofs of monasteries.

m

'', vb. a. to ;W -/>,/, 1. to

augment to increase, nor the wealth

/ /., bkra-ix the welfare; rkan-^yrfa iptl-

ba to breed cattle Dzl. and eUewh.; *jp^-

yyud-la bor-ce* W. to keep cattle for breed-

ing.- - 2. to multiply (aritlnu.) Wdk. -

3. to spread, to propagate (n-\\>, secrete)

Dzl. and elsewh.; more emphatically: tpel

rayds-par, or.v//-"//-/'"/

1

l>!jt'<l-pa to blaze

about Sch. 4. to join, to put together. e.g.

letters (almost - to spell); to mingle, to

mix; spel-ma mixture, e.g. of prose and

verse 6.; ace. to Wan. however, couplets,

similar both as to metre and contents; com-

position, combination, y&er yyu spfl-maiKri a chair of gold and turkoises Ptli.\ sptl-

mai nor mixed goods 6s.; spdl-gos clothes

of various colours Cs.; spel-tsig Sch. : a com-

bination of verses, poetry (?); spel^mar byedr-

pa to mix Lex.

Q^I* N/W edge, brim, border, Sch.

^f spo summit Of a mountain, brag- dmar

"spo-mfo-nas from the height of Bragmar

Mil.; rdo-ije-yddn-yyi spo-la on the top of

Gaya l*th.- spo -bo 1. (top, point =) bud

Ts. 2. district to the east of Lhasa Glr.

spo- to 1. bullock C. - - 2. n. of a

village in Panyul.

spo-re v. spor.

SP ~

Op'6-ba, to alter, to change: with and

without ynas ( W. *sa*) : to change the place

(of residence), to remove, to shift; also to

transpose, transplant; miit spo-ba to change

the name Mil. ; yos spo-ba to change one's

dress; myo-lus v. mgo extr. ; to remove (an

officer) to another station; to dismiss (a

servant), W., also B. frq.; y$an mJtds-}i

yod- na spds

- pa bza/'i if another skilful

(physician) is to be had, it will be better

to dismiss (the present one); to alter, to

mend, to correct W. ; spd-sa a place newly

occupied by nomads >'<//.

-

spot/-pa. pt'. sp<j$, tut..</'(/</.

to remove

and to bring near by turni t.;

w.e.

831

WllCUC\'er n death take;; plAce, ofCAring fortile tlClllation of the deAd Lodr (cf. &I­.p"n) Mil. "od elsewh.; IJldzU4ptm friend(,. - 3. weft, wool ill weaving.~S=.r 1I~,hl-l'a 1. "lost., also .bim~ pa H,.::i C., .bur(-7IIa) Dd., l.d., cliaff, husksct.<". - 2. adj. a botanicill term, t1e~eril'tiou

of tIle stalk of n 1,lant WaH.~~'.::J' ~plih-llO, pl. W]JII1A, v1). a. to iJub-pa~ 10 tum upside down.~J:i' 'pw', pur, also M-u-.pur, resp. for 1'0,

!;j dead body, corpse, .pur W!ldJi.-pa C.to burn a deud body; .pur_l..la,i house forkeelling deo.d bodies, or ratber, in mostcases., tbe pine! of cremation; .pur-3fIamor 'f!rom coffin; ,pw"fol ashes of a dudbodYi Ipt/r - ria the snIt for preparing ndeM bod}'; 'pur-jjti wood for burning acorpse. •~.:::::r .piu..fJu, vb. a. to ol'm, ...bo., to make~ fly, to stare up, to let fly; dta .pur­ba t.o pass time quickly (4.; .Ioli-'pur ex­aggeration, bombAst Q.~~. 'pll' 1. goods, merchandize, ware, 'plJiJ~ ltd-ita to e:llIuoine goods before pur­chase (.'.; ••pu3 ~u"-U' W:, ·ptl of!vur-lI:u­(:8. _ ·dal lill)1j fd,; - ct-. - 2. goodness,beauty, 'p"'-Call, 'pu'-rtsdti, .pm-b.:dti, ofGPO appearance; .pm-mid iH-lookiog, 110­

~iglilly. - 3. &h.: for apoe.m", ~. 'J~ 'Piu, turrtl, on ~ castle or~ "'" gate lY., (C. ltog). HIgh towers

or steeples are seldom met widl in Tibetanll-rcbilecture; -pro !I!jCi-tall titi-mo·, mfaror /(d,i-pa dgu-f&fJ arc the term!> dcnotiugsucb.

~~'.i1c:." aJH9~i/j CI.: n. of part of A CArt.

~~'~r apel,-f(xj. ornament, finery.

~~.q' .pb'-]X!. r:::a-apln-]X! 1. the planetSaturn; the proper meanioK is said

to Le D broom, heoce the sign for it is!iOlllcwhu.1 re6embling that implenlCnt Wdk.- 2. Saturday.~~'e4' ap':'H~,a, .plli.Ji/i, n. of a tr~, proL.

tamansk; .ptn-bddn parapet, formedof the steJOIii of t1lluarisk aud ra.ised on tLeroofs of monasteriea.

W,.r=:r tpil- ba, "II. a. to .pel - bu, I. toaugment, to incrtue, _ the we&lth

La., bkra..;q the ,,'elfAre; rk4l'-.gre. »pil­ba 1.0 breed unlc D:I. and elsewb.; .'}NI­gyud-Ia 60,~ II~ t.o k~p uttle fJr lor~d­

ing. - 2. 10 mUltiply (ari\lull.) U'tIk. _3. 10 spread, 10 proplgale (ncwl, ~reu)D:I. lUld elscw!l.; morc emflhatically: 'p«Iyyw,-par, or 'fJ'*rlKlr byld-1H' to bl.:l:cabou~ &/,. - 4. 10 join, 10 put together, e.g.letters (almost _ t.o slleU); to mingle, 10

mix; .pll-ma mixture, c.g. of prose /lod"crsc C&.; ace. to Wcu. howe,"er, COUIJlct8,sin.ilM' botllll.S to mctre And eonten13; com­position, combination, per r!JU 'pll - fllai

lJri a. ehllir of gold and lurkoise6 Ptk; ~l­fIIai nor mixed goods (.I.; ,pil.f!O' clothesof ,"a.rious colours c,.; .ptl-f.iV &/t.: a COIll­

bination of versM, poetry(?); ,pil_mar byid­pa to mix: Lu.

ff~ apt' edge, brim, border, Sci..

~ 'PO summit of a mountain, ftrag - dmar1:1 'po_m,o-na.'l from tllC height of Bmgmar.Mil.; I'oo-/je-j'ddn-tlyi ap6-la on the top ofGapi 1't1l.; ']x)-lxJ I. (tOil, point_) bud'b. 2. district to the C:\Sl of LhASIl Glr.

y~ 'po - to l. bullock C. - 2. n. of III village in Panyu!.--,

~.,," 'po-rt '.. 'POI'.

iiJ.'.::::r ']X' - ha, pf. nod imp. JPC'f, ,·b. &. to::I opd-ba, to alter, 10 change; '<I'itb Andwithout )'I.a. (W: -.a·): to change the pll'C(l(of rcsidcnce), to remo,'c, la shift; Illso totranspose, transpillot; mih .p6-ba to changetbe name MI1.; !lot apO-lHt to change one'sdre;;s; 1r11,jO-lua v. "'90 extr.; to rcwove (anofficer) to anolber '\t.atioo; to dismiss (ascrvllnt), lV., al,;o B. frq.; r::an mJ!d.I-payOd _ IIa ,pOt _po b:ai4 if IInolher skilful(physician) is to be had, it wiU be better10 dismiss (the pre~nt ODe); to alter, to

mend, 10 correct IV.; 'J>O-.a a place oewlyoceui/ied by Domnds &h.

~:rr=r'pdv.pa, pf"JH.lf/l, fut.IJ'69, to remove:., I Iud to bring near by tUI'M £".; Lu~.w.e. -

o

332

spogs "HT spydn-ki

spogs gain, profit, Ke-spogs id.; spogs

byed-pa to make profit, to gain

money; fson-spogs byed-pa to gain moneyby traffic Dzl.

; fson-spogs-la Ogro-ba Dzl.;

skyed-spogs interest (of money) ; spogs- su

yton-ba to give money on interest 6s.;*mi-

pog Urn-pa* C. to demand a tax from emi-

grants or travellers.

JT"n* spon-ba, spdn-ba, pf. spans, fut. span,

imp. spon(s\ (Ssk. ^) l. to give up,

to declare Off, bdag dan bdag-gir Sambh.

to give one's self up and all that one has;

sman-dpydd mi byed-par spon-na if he gives

(the patient) over without even attempt-

ing a cure Dzl. \S,1; to renounce (all

pleasures) frq.; *kod-gu-ru span mi pod*he cannot give up Kotgur (his former re-

sidence) or forget it; without an object:

yons-su spdn-ba (partic.) they (the Bodhi-

sattvas) who entirely renounce Thgy.; to

shun, avoid, abstain from (faults, sins, certain

food) frq.; to reject= dor-ba: bde-sdug-la

span-blan med between happiness and un-

happiness there was no need to choose (sc.

because only bliss prevailed) Glr.; spon-bldn Odzin-pa zig-pa the cessation of everyinclination and disinclination, or also, of

every interest in choosing or rejecting.-

2. to throw off, to drop, a letter, pyi-fseg

(to omit) the dot after a syllable Gram.

fr*nc* spon-byed Vaisali

,ancient town

^ T I near Allahabad, Tar. 7, 5 and

elsewh.; also Vriji, ace. to Schf.

|r spod spiceMed. ; spod debs-pa to season;"

'

spod-can seasoned.

^tr'^i' spod-pa 1 . hermit, spod-/can hermit-

age Sch. 2. VOW, spod-pa nydms-

pa one that has broken his vow Sch.

spobs-pa ( W. also *spos-pa*), l.vb.

to dare, to venture, ^u-bar mi spobs-

pas not daring to take hold of Pfh., also

Dzl. 9U&, 4; ^^^,16; spobs-par byed-pa

\. id. 2. to enable, empower, authorize 6s.

- 2. sbst. courage, confidence.

^jgrDsfe;sPom~yor diffuse (in words), prolix,

long-winded, byed-pa, smrd-ba,cdd-pa 6s. to say circumstantially'.

Sji-spor, spo-re, steel-yard ;

W. particularly"a little one.

r-ba, spdr-ba, pf. and fut. spar,

1. to lift up, rdo-rje the praying-

sceptre Dom.', (a hatchet) to fetch a blow;W. *sed spar-la (or spdr-te) rgyob* swing

(the hatchet) well and strike! *spdr-la con*

run and leap ! cf. also nems ; to raise, pro-

mote, advance, go- pan in rank Lex. -

2. v. dpor-ba."

spol Ts. for *me-me* W. (v. mes-po).

spos 1. sbst. incense; bduy-spos id.;

less frq. perfume in general; byuy-spos

sweet-scented water or ointment; spos sbyor-

ba, sgrub-pa, also rgydb-pa and rgydg-pa

6's., to prepare incense, perfumes, bdug-pato burn (incense); Jbyug-pa to cover (with

perfume); rgya-spos, brag-spos, span -spos,

different kinds of perfume; spos-(kyi) ren

(-bu) pastil, long and thin straws beingcovered with an odoriferous substance, which

generally consists of pulverized sugpa, and

sandal-wood, combined with some gugul,musk and the like; they are made by the

Lamas, and frequently presented to tra-

vellers as an offering of welcome, spos-dkdr

frankincense, = gugul dkdr-po. spos-

m/ian perfumer. spos-cdg incense in piecesor cakes. spos-cu, resp. cab, sweet-scented

water, diluted ointment, lus- la Jbyiig -paPth.

; spos- cus cag

-cdg Odebs

-pa Pth. to

sprinkle with such water. spos-snod 6s.,

spos-por (also pog-por\ censer, perfuming-

pan.- -

spos-fson-pa=

spos-mKan. spos-

yzon basin for incense 6s. spos-sel (col.

*po-sel*) amber. --2. vb. v. spo-ba and

spobs-pa.

frPxrspya-dnds 6s. = yo

- bydd; Lexx.

spyad-dnos and dnos-spydd, as ex-

planations to ka-ca.

x|^-m- spydn-ki Mil., Sg., -gi Dzl., -ku, -gu,

B ' Ku 6s., Lh. *sdn-ku*, wolf. (Wolves,where more frequent, as e. g. in Spiti,

commit ravages among the sheep; but are

other wise not much dreaded by man).

spydn-mo female wolf; spyan-prug youngwolf; spyan-fsdn wolfs den; spyan -don

wolf's trap (used in Sp.); spydn-ku nu-ba

the howling of a wolf 6's.; ce-spydn Lex.,

382

~::q-.~ spo!Js gain, profit, llNpQg8 id.; s[JOgsbged - pa to make profit, to gain

moncy; (s(Jli-spOgs by/dopa to gain mODe)'by trnfnc Dd.; (w,i-apQfp-la ouro-Im D::I.;skyed-8pogs interest (of money); 8pQg8 - $U

rtlJli-lJa to give money on iuwrest u.; "mi-­p6g Um~pa· C. to demand a tax from emi.grants or travellers.~t:::.::r splJli-ba, $fuJi-ba, pC. 8pfllis, fol. 8JX1n,

imp. spoti(s), (Ss/.:.~) 1. to give lip,to declare off, Mag liml liilag- gir $amMoto gh'e one's self up and f\ll that one has;sman.Jpyud mi b!jld-par 8}/(iti-1lf.l if1e gives(the pMient) over without c\'cn attempt­ing a cure D:1. -.5=>, 1; to renounce (ullpleasures) frq.; "kM-gu-ru 81)(1Ii mi pod"he caunot give up Kotgur (his former re­sidence) or Corget it; without an object:ydris-8u spoit.ba (rartie.) they (the Bod hi­snttvas) who entirely renounce Tltgy.; toShun, avoid, abstain from (faults, sins, certl\iufood) frq.; 10 reject ="dQI'..ba: bdc-sdug-laspan-Mati med between hnl'pinClls anti UII­

happiness there was 110 need to choose (sc.because only bliss prevailed) Glr.; spo,i­Mdn "cl::ln ..pa J::ig-pa th~ cessation flf everyinclination and disinclination, or also, ofe\'ery interest in choosing or rejectwj:\'. _2. 10 throw off, to drop, II letter. llyi- (!Jig(to olllit) the dot after n syllable Gram.!fC'S~' "PO'i - h!Jid Vaisali, ancient town

near Allahabad, Tar. 7, 5 andelsewh.; also Yriji, ace. to &14.~~. spod spiceMed.; spoo"debt-pa to sel'l&)n;

s~can seasoned.W~"r sptXl-pa I. hermi~ 5p6d-laJi. hermit­

age Selt. - 2. YOW, s~pa nYUJJl5"pa one that has broken bis vow Sen.

~=l~r=r 5pMJii-pa (W: also -spd5-pa-),) .vb.to dare, to venlure,,,ju--harmi spdJJs­

pa3 not daring to take hold of Pth., aJsoDzl. ?1..~, 4; ~::.?~, 16; spdlJa-pal' byea-paLid. 2. W enable, empower, authorize C8.- 2. sbst. courage confidence.if~.::..· sporn-yOI' dill'use(in words),prolix,

long-winded, h1JkI .. pa, smrd - hu,~dd-pa G. 'to say circumstantially'...~~; 5JX'1'. 5po..rt, sleel-yard; W: particularly

a little one.

W.::..·.::r spQI'-ba, tpur..fJa, pf. and fut. spar,1. to Jift lip, rde! .. rye the praying..

sceptre lJom.; (a hatchet) to fetch a ulow;W: -iled spar-la (or spdr..te) 1'ggOO· swing

(the hatchet) well and strike! *spur-la cOli*rnn and leap! cf. also ntJ1l,S j to raise, pro­mote, ad"ance, go .. pun in rank Lu. ­2. v. dpdr.ba.

W'~ 8JXIl1's. foy *me·mt' W. (\·.lIIffl-PO).

~~. slX:s 1. sbst. incense; Muy .. spQa id.;Jess frq. perfume in general; byu,l/-spQs

bweet-scented watcr or oiOlDient;5fO'sb.V6r..ba, 8!JrUh-pa, also 'I'f/ydb-pa and 1'tJ!Jdg..pa0., to prepare incense, perfumes, lxluY"J!ltto uurn (incense); "h!lUg-po. to cO\'er (withI'elfume); r:;ya·spQs, bray-spds, spali-If6B,different kinds of perfume; sJ--<kyl) ren(-bu) pastil, long and thin stmws beingco\'el"ed withanodoriferollssubstance, whichgenemJly consists of pulverized iJuupa, andsandal-wood, combined with some fIUfIttl,mnsk and the like; they are made uy theI.,amas, and frequenu)' presented to tra­vellers as an offering of welcome. spoii-dkurfl1UJkillcense, _ gugul d1;dr- po. - sp08­ml.'anperfumer.-5pt)$·cdy incense in piecesor cak.es. - SJl08-CU, resp.lab, sweet--scentcdwater, diluted ointment, IUs .. la /./!JUy" paJ'tk; 5pQa - Cui! cay .. 009 "debs - pa Pilt. tosprinkle with such water. - $poNmoo IA.,Spoii_pol' (also pog..por), wnser, perfuming­I'an. - 'pOs-(BO,i-pa - sp6l..ml{an. - sp>8"rM>i basin for incense Cs. - 8p>8-iJel (col.*po.ill/.") amber. - 2. \·u. v. sJW" ba andspQbs---pa.:u~~~ sp!la ..dliO$ C5. = yo .. b!lJd; Leu.tl. spyad-dIiOs and d,i()$-Bpyud, as ex·planations to ka-i:a.

~'1' $PY(Hi.J:l Mil., S9" -gi D::l., -ku,-gu,Q' flu IA., Lh. *8dli-~·u·, wolf. (Woh'cs,where more frequent, as e. g. in Slliti,commit ravages among the sheep; but arcother wise not much dreaded by !Dan).iiP!luJi..W) female wolf; sP!lali ..j.rUg }'.oungwolf; spyali - (S(j,j wolfs dea; spya', _d6liwolrs trap (used in Sp.); sp,ydJi....{1t .lu..bahe ho';li~ of a wolf c".j ~,., yan Lu.,

spya /t -/HI

Ic6-*pydii Stg., dur-spydn Cs.,*Kyi-can* W.,

jackal. tpyan-dug^m ( ^.fipyaA~Mr AfftLj

thistle, or kind of thistle, mentioned as an

emetic.

tp.q- spydn-ba 1. sbst. and adj.; spydn-

po adj., skill; skilful, clever, /,<./-./-..

Glr. and elsewh.; prob. ycdn(-po), q. v.;

sometimes confounded with sbydn-ba,sbudns-

JHI, practiced, expert; rig -pa spyd/'t- bos

rtsom-pa kun - la ^jug Lt. the clever manfinds his way in every thing; spyaii-yUn

Cs. the clever man and the dunce; Glr. :

spyan ylen ma nor-ba cig byed dgos, prob.

to be read Obyed, and to be translated: then

it must evidently appear, who is clever and

who is stupid. 2. vb. = dpydn-ba.

^K' spyad v. spya.

$j^'^T spydd-pa v. spyod-pa.

fr>spyan, resp. for wig, eye ; spyan bgrdd-

'

pa, yddii-ba, to stare 6s.; spyan Ogyur-

ba \.spydn-pa', spyan drn-pa, rarely drons-

pa, resp. for Odren-pa, to invite, v. Odren-

pa; spyan Opyi-ba to wipe the eyes; spyan

btsum-pa to shut the eyes 6s.

Com p. and deriv. spyan-kyug or Kyug

eye-brow 6s. --spyan-dft-yus v. dkyus.

spyan-bskyuns mdzdd-pa to protect, to pre-

serve the eyes Sch. --spydn-sna before,

with, in presence of a dignitary, spydn-

sitai grd-pa-mams the scholars standing in

presence of his Reverence 6s.; mostly in

the termin. case: spydn-snar, as adv. and

postp., rgydl-poi spydn-sitar brio-pa to lead

(another) before the king, frq.; rarely in

reference to the first pers. : nai spydn-snar

^on they came to me, before my face (sc.

Buddha's) Dzl. ; less corr. spydn-snar mdzes-

pai skud-ris Mil. in front (on the fore-part

ofthe shoes) beautifully embroidered figures.

-spydn-can having eyes.

--spyan-lcil>*

eye-lid. spyan-cdbtea,rti, byin-pa to shed;

cor-ba to flow from; also to shed, ryydl-

bu spyan- cab sor-ro Pth. the prince shed

tears. spyan- dren one who invites, one

that calls to dinner. spydn-pa Cs. 1 . eye-

witness; 2. commissary; 3. Sch. overseer;

_U>

to know; pydn-ii />i/>'</-/><it-. ut<h,

guard, keep, protect, in-|M-.-t S/-//.;>

gi spydn-pa cow- herd (?) tich. *py<m-

Obrds apple of the eye. spyan-mig-t>the western 'king of ghosts', v. //////-?Ai

sub rgydl-ba.--

spyan -dmiy* &7*. : ^the

object of vision; the inclination of tin-

mind'. spyan-smdn medicine for the eyes.

spyan-rtsfy the wrinkles of the eye-

lids Cs. spyan -zur Sch.,corner of the

eye.--

spyan-yzigs, costly offerings dedi-

cated to the gods, Mil. : also applied to pres-

ents of food, offered to men. Mil.: Jbitl-ba

to offer such; also Qdren-pa. spyan-yd*y

Sch., without eyes, blind. spyan-rds, Sch.

the brightness of the eye, a glance of the

eye. spyan-ras-yzigs W.', *can-re-zig* Cs. :

*cen-re-sig or -si*, Ssk.

other (cf. )am-dpal) of the two great half-

divine Bodhisattvas of the northern Bud-

dhists, who more particularly is revered as

begetter (not creator), redeemer, and ruler

of men, and in the first place of the Tibe-

tans, incarnate as king Sroti-tean-gdm-po,

Kopp. II, 22. spydn-lam-du seems to be

= druii-du, spydn-snar, Mil. and elsewh.

ft- spyi, I. adj. (synon. fun, also dbyin*,

9 opp. to s</os) 1. general, relating to all.

standing higher than all: *tim-pon .V. chief

prefect, governor general 6'.; adv. sp>fi.

.s/'///V(-t/M),less frq. spyi-la, spyi-na, spyir-

gtjis, generally, in general, frq. followed by

sgos(-kyis), %</-///-, in particular, singly:

also like cum 1nni in Latin; spyi dan </i>,

generally, and here, in this work, HW/i.;

*/'//// sdom, v. sdom: spyii Kog ji dan

ji bzin-du (?) Sch. : 'according to general

custom'. 2. all, C.;Ihd-Kan sjtyii lustan-

*rit/'i Glr. --3. for spyi-bo, v. below. -

spyi-sgra Cs.. general meaning, more corr.

sgra-spyi, Was. (294), general expression.

spyi-yctr, spyi-ter Cs., bald-headed. -

spyi-f6r= gtsug-t6r I^x. spyi-(6y. property

of the community, common property; IT. :

*pi-fog-ne ton* bestow it out of the com-

mon funds ! spyi-ydugs, v. sgot. spyi-

pa, head, chief, leader, superintendent,

333

(c-Pytlii Stg., JtlNpyun Ca., ·Jiyi-iod,.· W.,jackal - IJlyait-d"g-J'l1 c."'p!JI.lIi-(,}1' Med.,thistll!, or kind of thistle, lIlenliollcu ft..'1 nuemetic.~'.::r Ipydii-ou L sbst. and lldj.; 'Jlya,;­Q po l'lIlj., skill; skillul, clever, Lu.r.,Gil'. lIud e1sewh.; prob. or fhln(-po), q. "0;sometimes confounded willi 3bydlj·bu,.b!ld~­1JU, practiced, expert; r(g -111.1 .pyan - bmrt'/IIIl-pa l-un-la JllfJ J.t. tho c!c\-cr maofinds his way in every thing; 'P!J(l.ij-fllnlA. tile ('lever IOnD nod the dunce; Gir.:swan rltt! '111.1 fldr·ba Cig bycd dflQf, llrob.to be read .byrd, null to be translated: thenit must cvid~ntly Ilppel1r, who is clever rnldwho is stupid. - 2. vb. = dpyd,i-ba.

~~. spyad v.8['/la.

~-':r .pyrJ,l·pa v• •Py(Jd-IJu.

~~ 'pyan, resp. fOl' mig. eye; 'pyan bgrdd­a: pa, pldit-ba, to stare Q:.; Ip!JM o!I!fI;".ba v,.pyall-po.; apyan.drm-pa, rarely drOm­]Xl, resp. for .drm-pa, to invite, v. •drm­Fa; 'pyan .1;1/(-ba to wipe the eyes; 'pyanhall/I/-pa kl shut the eyes c,.

COJIIP. and deriv. 'pyall -iry"g or I.Yll9eye-brow (\1. - 'p1/an--dJ.-y,i' v. (lk~. ­qJyan--bsl:y(ot' md::tid-pa to protect, to pre­sene the eyes Sell. - 'pyan..,na before,with, in presence of a digllitnry, 'pya II­

S1iai gru-pa-nlanl' tlIe scholars standing inpresence of his Heverencc c..; mObtl)' inthe termin. case: 'P;'1""..,,;a,., as adv. fmdpostp., rgyul-poi 'pyan"',iur J..11d-pa to lead(another) hefore the king, frq.; rarely inreference to the firsL pers.: riai sl'!Jdll-.s':'ar~1I>i tbey came to me, before my fnee (Sc.Buddha's) D::l.; less corr.'Pyull-sitarmdm­pai M-ud-n3 Mil. in front (on tbe fore-partofdle shoes) beautiful!y embroidered fiWl re~.- 'P!Jdn--i:all Il(n-iug eyes. - spy(J.1,-ltibJeye-lid. - 'pYU1l-cdOtellrs,.Oyill-pa toshed;c&r-/)a to 110w from; also to shed, '!lydi­w spyan-cdb iQr_,\) PlI•. the Ilrinee sllootears. - 'pyall-.drill oue who invites, ollethat cu.lls to dinner. - s1'ydn-pa c.. I. eye­witness; 2. commissary; 3. &h. o,·er eer;

e

'pyUlI-dM o!Iyt.,-../m _ Ilpd,i .....11l .!IY"r-lm, tosee, to knuw; '1'!ldrl-IIl' byiJ-"u t.o ,utch,gunrd, kC'ell, protect, ill~l'cet SeJ..; bd""!}lmi­

!Ji spydn-pa oo....·-Ilerd(?) &I.. - -PYUlI­

.Otd' al'ple of the e}·e. - 'pyan-1rfi!!-/.mj;'the westcrn 'king of gh08la', Y. 1'!I!Iul-'tb,sub rgydl-ba. - '/'!lUlI - tlm0' &Ii.: 'tlieobject of vision; tlte inclination of themind'. - '1'!Ja'Nmdrl medicine for the eyetl.- 'pya". ,t$lg the wrinkles of the e}·e·lids c.. - 'P!JfIIl- ::i". &1•. , corner of theeye. - 'Pyu".y::iy', costly olTering~ dedi­cated to tIle gods, Mil.; al>lO applied to lITe&­

ents of food, olTered kl men, Mil.; oI.Nl..fMto olTer !Uell: also odr;n-pa.. - 'P!fI'H--!llb,Scll., witho.ut eyes, blind. - 'p!Jan--ra., &/'.the brightness of the eye, a ghmce of thee}'e. - spyan-raa-r::i!l' IV; ·Call-tt-zig·u.:·kn-tt-aU or -.st, &k.~~, theOtller (cf. Jam.dpal) of the two great h.lf­divine Ilodhisattvas of the northern Bud­dhists, who more particuhuly is reycred asbegetter (not creator), redeemer, and rulerof men, nnd in the first plaeo of tbe 1ibe­tans, inCl'lroate liS king Sro"'-llllrl..gdm-po,KQ1'P' II, 22. - $fyd'l·w.m-du secms to be- dl'l.lIi-dll, SP!Jd"-s/;ur, Mil. and elscwh.&- 'pyi, I. adj. (s}'non. (1I11, also tlbyiti"a opp. to 3[101) \. general, relating to all,standing higher than all: ·""/I-Wn (:1·, cbiefprefect, governor general C.; adv. 'P.",·,,pyir(-du), less fN]. '1'y(.I«, 'pyi-J.a, II/gil'­Oyis, generally, in general, frq. followed U}'

sgosC.J.yi,), J..YdJ-par, in partiCUlar, singly;also like cu'" tWill in I,atin; ,pyi lla;, .Jit,geoerlilly, llnd Ilcre, in this work, 1I'il.... ;spyii sdom, v. Ido",: - 'pyii l'og ji .Iaitji bHII-t/w (7) &11.: 'accordin;;t tu generalcustOlU', - 2. all, c.; Uui·llt.;' 'I,!!;i "-[m._~nO;' Gfr. - 3. for .pyi.bo, Y. below. ­'pyi-'o,.a [,., general meaning, more corr,31Jfa· 'l'yi, Was. (29-1), general expression,_ 'pyj·rHr, 'p!li - (~. C•. , l,a1d-llell{led. ­'pyi.f6/" ... gUNg-lOr I~.r. 'Wi.fdg, propertyof the coUlmllllilY, common property; n::·p(-fOt.r"~ to~· lJesIO....· it out of the conl­mon fuuds! - ,pyI-tjdNf1', l". sgo.. - .pyi­J!t? head, chief, Ind.r, .uperintenden~&1&.;

334

spyi-ti

spyi-dpon, ranch the same, v. syos; spyi-

bo, 1 . (rarely spyi), crown of the head, top,

spyi-bor Kur-ba to carry on the head;

spyi-bospydg- fsal-ba to bow down bendingthe head; zabs spyi-bor len-pa, frq., to

place the foot of a superior on one's own

head; dei spyi-bo-nas byuy-nas, pouringover his head, anointing hiin,.D0mara ;

more

frq : spyi-bo-nas dban skur-ba, v. skur-ba;

spyi-bo-nas dban bskur-bai ryydl-po, the

anointed king; spyi-yluys, the vessel used

for anointing (resembling a tea-pot).-

2. the end of a piece of cloth, dar-yug-yi,

Glr. 3. name of a king of China Glr.;

spyi-min common appellation: dkor ni nor-

gyi spyi-min, 'rf/or' is a general word for

property, Lex. II. often incorr. for ci,

also dpyi.

% spyi-ti, a fantastic, mystical doctrine

' of Urgyen-Padma, fey-pa cen-po spyi-

ti, spyi-ti yog-brdai dkyil-lior Pth.; yd/'t-

ti, another of his doctrines.

spyi-brtol, Cs.: impudence, imper-

tinence, Sch.: lewd; spyi-brtol-can,

impudent; spyi-brtol byed-pa, to be im-

pudent 6s.

f-Vrq- spyin -ba, pf. spyitts, imp. spyin(s),

Q the vb. a. to Obyiii-ba, to sink, to

lower, let down, dip under; cur, Lexx.

Svx- spyin (W. *(s)pm*), glue, paste: spyin

Q '

skol-ba, to manufacture glue; skud-jja

(Sch. also bddr-ba?) to spread glue on;

*pin danjdr-ce* W. to glue; ko -spyin,

glue made of skins, nya-spyin, fish-glue,

isinglass; bdy-spyin paste or rather a kind

of putty, compounded of flour and glue;

rd- spyin glue made of horn; sa- spyin,

meat-jelly; spyin-por glue-pot.

f^rrrrspyims (? cims), Ld. = spyi; "cimsi

min* spyi-min.

XTT"^^ spyir v. spyi.

wzrzr spyil-po, 1. hut Mil., 7^A.; rtsai,

thatched hut Lex.; spyil- bu, id;

lo-mai spyil-bu, hut constructed of twigs,

fastened together on the top, arbour;a cot,

a mean house. 2. inmate of such a one,

Cs. ;also spyil-pa, fern. -ma.

spyod-pa

i Pf-

to expel, to turn out, to banish; yul-

nas out of the country; yul gzdn-du Glr.;

mfd-la, mfar into the neighbouring coun-

try, over the frontier (v. mfd)] when the

place of banishment is named, the other-

wise faulty spelling bcuy-pa is allowable;

rn-spyo-ba, pf. and imp. spyos, to blame,

to SCOld Dzl.\ cufi-ma rtdy-tu spyo-

zin, as ray wife is always scolding; ces

spyos-so thus they spoke in a blaming way,

Dzl; Cs. also: to mock, to ridicule (?). synon.

yse-ba.

T spyon ba dpydn-ba.

-'ri' spyod-pa, I. vb., also spyad pa, pf.

spyad, Ssk. ^q^"^ 1. byed-pa, to

do, to act, v. fsdns-par, yet gen. with an

object in the accus. to accomplish, perform,

commit; sdiy-pa, sdiy-pai las, dge-ba, dkd-

ba (v. dkd-ba), cos spyod-pa\ mi-dye-ba

de-day spyod-na if one commits these sins

Tliyy.; bday ci spyad-pas Odir skyes, what

having done, or because of which doing

of mine am I re-born here? Dzl.; even

like byed-pa= to be, miia- J>g spyod-pai

Qbdiis Glr., sim ply= subjects; rarely c. dat. :

sdiy-pa Obd-ziy-la spyod-pa, Thyy., dge-ba

bcu-la, Dzl., denoting a habitual doing; cf.

zd-ba. 2. to treat, to deal with, zas-skom

leys-par spyod-pa, (to deal with) food and

drink in the right manner S.y.; gen. with

the dat : zin-la Ihv-ru spyad, the fields were

disposed of in lots, divided Glr.; hence

gen. to use, to make use of, to employ, to

enjoy: b'i-glan nyin-par to use an ox du-

ring the day (for ploughing") Dzl.; yun-rin-

dus-su bde-bar spyad kyah, even if one has

long and in tranquillity used, enjoyed (this

world's goods), Thgy.; so frq. with Ions'.

Idns-spyod-pa; to have for a sphere of acti-

vity, v. mMd-spyod, sd-spyod, sa-^oy-spyod;

also a euphemism for sensual indulgence :

bud-med-la spyod-pa to use, to cohabit

with, a woman, Dzl.; mi-riys-par or log-

par, to violate (a woman) Thyy. & others;

dya mgur spy6d~pa, of a like meaning; the

334

~1 ~pyi.ti

spyi-dpon, much the same, v. 8go8; BWi­00, l. (rarely spyi), crown of the head, top,8pyi-oor oJ..'ur-ba to CIIITY on the head j ­

spl/loWs pyug-"lsaJ.ba to bow down bendingthe head; zaht! spyi' 00" lin - pa, irq., toplace the foot of II l'UIJ(~..jor 011 one's ownbeau; dti spyi-bo-nw, byug-nus, pouringover his head, nnoioting bim,Dolllwi; morerrq: Spyi-lxJ-1lU8 dba,; s.hil'-ba, \' sJ.:ur-buj8PJ1i-bo-nas llban bskur-bai I'!!!lul-po, theanointed king; 8plJi-glugs, tile vessel usedfOI" anointing (resembling a tea-pot). ­2. the eud of a piece of cloth, dW'-y"y-!ji,Glt.. - 3. Dame of II king of China Glr.;spyi-lIli,i common appellatioll: dJ..ol' ni 'flQr­gyi spyi-min, '(11.01" is a generAl word forproperty, Le.t" - 11. often iDcorr. for Ci,ulso (ipyi.~5' spyi-ti, a fantl\Stic, mystical doctrine~ of Urgyen-Padma, feg-pa (en-po 'pyi­ti, ,pyi-ti yOg-brdai dJ.'!Jil.gor PIlL; !Jlhi­ti, another of his doctrines.

~'~~...j' 'pyi·b,·tJl, C,.: impUdence, imper·~"'oj., tinence, $cit.: lewd; 'J!yi-brMl-ecal,impl1den~; IIp!!i -brtM b!lM ~ pa, to be im­pudent C,.k.::]' 'pyi,; - ba, pf. 'jl!Ji,i3. imp. 'pyi,i(8),a' tlte vb. II. to obyb; - 00, to sink. tolower. let down, dip under; CuI', 1,e.J'.t.&_ 8}"1oPn (1Y: ·(8)pill·), glue. paste: 'pyfllS"l skal.ba, to manufacture glue: sJ.·,I(I-pa(&11. also lxhl"-ba'!) to spread glue on;·pill da'i jdr- te" IV. to glue; fro - spyill,glue made of skins, nya-'pyill, fi~b-glut,

isinglass; bdg-spyin paste Of ratht>r a kindof putty, compounded of flour and glue;ra - spyin glue made of hom; sa - t]Jy!n,meat-jelly; 'pyln-ftor glue-pot.£l~~' sp.'}ims (? NII/s), Ld. "" spyi; -tiTll$iS mit,· - 'pyi-1l11·,i.~

tl~ spyir v. 'p9i.

W...j.q: spyii- po, 1. hut ..lIil., l11L; rmai,;;I. thatched hut 1..(,1:.; 'p!lil. bu, ill;1Q-'IIu,l.i 'pyil-bu, hut constructed of twifl'$,fastened together 011 the top, arbour i.. a cot,a DlCl\J1 hOllSe. - 2, inmate of such a one,C•. ; also .pyil-pa, fem. -mlJi d 1:'

Wfr.:r 8pyug·pa, pf. /JP!fUfIS. imp. 8p!JUg(/J);~' to expel, to tum out, to banish; yui­na8 out of the country; yul gUin-Ju Glr.;mfd-la, mfar into the neighbouring coun­try, OYCl' the frontier (v. /11(1,1,); when theplaee of banishment is nnmed, tile utl.ler­wise fault)'· spelling hMO-pa is nllownble;v. Jug-pa.

¥.::r spyo-ba, Ilf. and imp. spyos, to blame,S to scold Dzl.; cuti-ma rtdg-ttt 'l'yO­}i,i, as my wife is always scolding; ?rssJ'.'II'Js-w thus they sl~ke in a blaming way,D;:/.; Gk abo: to mock, to ridicule(?). "yuon.rU-ba.

~:::=::r 8p!JINi ba = dpyfi"-b(l.

~'=J' 8p!JOO-pa, I. vh., niSI) 8P!ltid pa, pLS..... /Jpyad, &k.~ 1. - b1/td-pa, todo, to ad v. (8dli8-par, yet gen. with anoLject in the neeus. to accomplish, perform,commit; 8f.lig-pa, 8f.fiy-pai lm, J{jt-ba, dkd­ba (\'. d1-ti-ba), M spyod-pa; mi-dge-budi·dag $f!l,id-na if one commits the.;e sinsTII!/!/.; bdaO Ci 1Sl'1/ud-pfl$ oJ!,. ,1,/!e8, whathaving done, or because of whieh doingof mine am 1 re-born Ilere? Dtl.; evenlike byM.-pa - to be, m,iu- #Og spyoo_pai/Jd,;s Glr., simply=subjects; rarely c. dat.;8tliy-pfl obd-Ziy-{u 8pyQJ-pa, ThO!/-> dge-babHJ-la, IJ;;I., denoting II habitual doing; ef.zd-ba. - t. to treal to deal with, zas-&l:6mlA,s1!w' sp!Joo-pa, (to dC!i1 witL) food antidriuk in the I'ight manner S.9.; gen. withthe dat : J:;iit-ia lIIiI-ra 81'yad, the fields wel'edisj>osed of in lots, divided Glr.; benee~Cll. to use, to wake use of, to employ, wenjoy: bti-f}lait 1lyfn-pur to U!'6 llll ox du­ring the day (for Illougbing) Dzl.; yun_ri,l_dU8-SU b&-bar sJlyad kyu", e\'en if one baslong and ill tranquillity used, enjoyed (thisworld's g'oods), 'l'IIf/Y.; !IO frq, witli to"8:lIJJis-8PJlOd-pa; to have for 1I ~I'here of acti­vity, \.. mIJd.spyod, 8f.i-$p!jQd, 81"'~Q!J-8Pyod;

also a euphemism for seusual illd1!!genee;bud-lIu:d-lu ,pyM-pa to use, to cohabitwith, a woman, Dzl.; lIIi-rigi-par 01' Mg­

}'/1./', to yio!nw (a woman) TI'f/!J' & olhers;dga ""flUr /JpytJdo.pa, of a like meaniDg; the

other >ynoiiymoii. phrases: Odod-ldg

l>(t.mi r i'>s-/itii spyod-pa byed-jm, Glr., nydl-

li. i-d<i*-p<i,/<

:

rii/-f>a tpyddrpc^ belong bytheir construction properly to 1; so al-o:

ftud-tnt'd />r</i/ii s/,i/ixlnus he can get done

\\itli a hundred wives, Lf.

II. sbst. 1 action, practice, execution, o|>|>.

to ltd-ba, theory, esp. in mysticism, v. w/om-

pa. '2. activity: $/>y<></-jHi *//t-fu dog-par

</yifr-to they were much restrained, nar-

rowly watched Glr. ; xems-kyi spyod.-paseems to be: faculty of mind, Wdn. 3.

way of acting, conduct, course of life,=

lam; bya/i-cub-wHis-dpaifrq ;ndn-

x/ii/od bad actions, bzd/t- or legs-spyod goodactions 6s.; spyod-pa zib-pa, 'the strict',

a monastic order Pth. ; behaviour, deport-

ment, frq.: spydd-jxi rtsiii-ba, rude, rough,in manners Glr. ; spyod-pas skdd-cig kya/i

mi fsugs, of an extremely variable conduct

(lit. not for one moment the same) Glr.

Comp. spyod- gros gait and deportment

Mil. spyod-ndn=

ridn-spyod, spyod-t'tdn

l>H<'d pa. spyod-fstil, Sch. = spyod-pa II.

spyod-yuf, sphere of activity ; kun-gyi spyod-

yul Odi ma lags, that is not a thing to be

attempted by every body Mil. ; mfon-bai

spyod-pa range of vision Jar.; cf. JJ^TJ^.-spyod-lam, 1. demeanour, deportment,

mode of life frq.; 2. good behaviour, grace-

ful demeanour, noble deportment; other-

wise spyod-pa mdzes-pa; hence spyod-padan Iddn-pa, spyod-lddn of genteel manners

Dzl.; spyod-pa daii mi Iddn-pa Dzl., *cod-

itdn-can9 W., *cp-l6g jh('-/cen*, C. rude,

unmannerly, ill-bred, disobedient. l.Mcd.: diet,

and more particularly bodily exercise; CY/.S-

spyod, food and exercise. 4. attitude: */>//o</-

ltn rnam-bzi the four attitudes of sitting,

lying, standing and walking*^]' tpyddrpa^pa v. dpyod-pa, extr.

spi/od-pad or dpyod-pdd (spelling

not quite certain), pronunc. : *<V-

lemon, citron C.

I* spyon-pa, rarely for Obyon-f><i.

spy6}-]ia, pf. njit/onix,to boast, to

exhibit with ostentation, e.g. virtues,

335

(the Greek xaiynottai). Notwithstandingthe detailed explanations of tli. /.. th.-

word is after all so littl< known . thai I

never met with it in hooks, nor heard it

used by the people. tpyonu, gbst., ielf-

praise, boasting /"///.

T'.sy>/-rt, monkey. Mit.t prob. the large dark-

J gray, long-tailed monkey of the southern

Himalaya: />/v/-///o; .sy/v/-/'/-////.

iil v. /////-'/; tpra-bl v.

,I- sbst. W. **/-//*. spunk.

German tinder, prepared of the til

of a thistle (Cousinia); spra -////. plowing

tinder, J'f//.; /////m'

XJH-U-/HI dkdr-por yyogt,

white-nappy, as a botanical term, Wd/'i . tin-

colour of the tinder, referred to, being a

light gray; sprd-bai fog-yu a medicinal

herb Wd/'t.

II. vb. pf. spras, imp. .sy/vw, 1. to adorn,

to decorate: /</i/<ht-(/t/<sfrq., m(sdn-<lpes Mil.

and elsewh. 2. ;vr.s sy/v/s, Lex.? sprd-ba

byed-pa to love, to caress. 3. perh. iden-

tical with *srd-ce(&)*, to empty (a dish).-

4. spra Jf-Hd-pa to lead, to direct right

Cf. also ytsan x]>i'd-n'<i.

spra-fstl, Med., C. W8X ( W. 'mum'}.

-!" */>/-<if/-pav. s/>r<i;/-i><i

-.-.,_. sprdii-ba, 6s., to beg; (the verb I

never met with, and /?<////. explains

the sbst. only by nor-mi'd}; */>/<///-/><>, beg-

gar, Dzl., Glr., frq. ( Wts.l

filou', rather bold,

though not far from the truth);*tan-Ion

9

C., id.; spran-rtjdn Mil., an old beggar;

rdzus^inai sprdri-p<> a sham-beggar Glr.:

xfn-ati-priig beggar boy: tffoA-bdn men-

dicant friar Glr.; *prtin-;<i* I.-'-LMI'S li\e-

liliood Mil ; dkar-spraii begging for lenten

food, also such food obtained by begging,

v. dk<ir-;dx: skyur-*i>rd/i begging for beer

Mi/.

$J^"T nin-dd-jm \ . *i>rod-pa.

*i-cVw, n. of the em-

peror of China, during \V!I..M- i. ien Bud-

dhism was introduced into that country,

otller Syl,onymous plJrmleS: o'iOtMdy ~1,.~1­

Jill, mi ~u.-J'aj .pyOd-pu bJjCtL-J'tl, Gir" H!Jdl.pO, 'Mg'-]III, .~'d!l'pa :rpydtl-pu, belong hytheir cons~ruclion properly to 1; S<J Abo:lJlld-mld brg!Ja 'p9O<1 tlu. be cnn get donewitll fl. llundrcd wi\'c~, Lt.

II. Sb8t. 1. action, practict, cltccution, °1111.to Ita-ba, theory. esp. ill.llIystici,.m, v. ':Iom­f'a. - t. activity: $P!Jd<.l-pn Jin-tu wxj-lX1r9yHl'-tfJ lhey were much restrained, nnr_ro"'ly wnt.ehcd Gir.; 31'11/3. ~yi :rP!lrxl._ paS~1lI8 k> be: facull)' of IDind, lVdti. -3.way of acting, conduct, course of life, - 'l'yOO­lam; bytlli-eub.,'m.-dpai fl'q j ,;all- or 11!Je.­81'yOO bnd action", 6::uli- or ItgNpyod goodactions ( .... ; .p!J&l.pa !db-pa, 'the stricl',a monastic order I'll•. ; behaviour, deport­ment, fl'q.: 'p!Jlid-pa r('iti-~, rude, rough,in mnnners Gir.; .pt/&d-]XU ~kdd~ti!l kllwi?Ili (3U!J3, of lUI extremely "ariaulc eonduc~

(lit. not for one moment tbe snme) Gil'.Compo 'py<x!-"grth gait and deportment

Mil. - 'pyod-,;dn - ndn.•pyoo, 'PlIod-/,dnb.vrd pa. - 'p!J&b(3Id, Scli. - 'P!J~l-pa II.rpyOd-yul, sphere of activity; l'ifll-mJi ~pydd­!I'll odi mil la!!" that is not a thing to beattempted by every uody J\ljl.; '1llfQ/i-Ilai.pyOd-pa range of vision 'Tar.; cr.~.- 'PlIM-1am, I. demeanour, deportment,mode ollile frq.; 2. good behaviour, p;raee­ful llemeanour, noble deportment; OtlICt'­

wise .p!JOt.l-l'a md::es-pu; hence .pyOd-patUIU lddn-pa, .pyod-ldIhl of genteel mannersD::l.; ~'!JM-pa dan 1IIi lddll-pa Dd., '&xl­,lan-can' W, 'q!-lQ." }M-lim', C. rode,unmannerly, iIl·bred, disobedienl 3. Mt<l.: diet.and more particularly bodily exen:ise; ::as­3p!Jd<l, f,-,od IUId exen:ise. 4. attitude: 3p1JiHl­lam nlam-bZi the four auitudeil of sitting,I)'ing, st:l.llding (Illd wnlkinj:;"

~'l'q'.:.j' ~P!Jcid-p(f-pa v. dp9~1-//(f, utI'.

~.~. ~P!JQll-pad or dp!Jod·pdd (spelling~'1 not quite certain), prollunc.: 'i'!!'­~", lemon, citron (,:~

~~.:.j' SpyJ,I_P((, rarely for i'!jOII-I'I,.

~~..:.]. 'P!fA,I-l'0, llf. ~p!JO"", to boast, tot.I exhibit with ostentation, ~.~ ,"it~tl.I>,

(tll(~ Greek 'J((JI"!.oa,'}(II). NotwitllSlandingthe detailed eXl'IIlnlitiun8 of t11l~ l..t.u, t11l~

'/I'ord is I\f~r .11 so little kno1\'I\, tliat Inever met witli il. in boob, 1101' htllrd ituged by the Ileol,lt. - '1'!JO"", IIl»t., self­praise, boasting fi,m.~. ~!n'(J, monkey. Mil., prob. the Illrge dark·"'J gray. long·tailed monkey of the southtrnlIimnln.yn.; 'JJI'fj.I/IQ; 'I'ra-jlrily.

~(I;,)~~' 'pra-'f/il v. pra-(dl; 'prtJ-til ...."" tll-1Ja•

~r.::::r sl',.d-OO, I. sbst. lV. 'Ird-'NI', spunk,"" German tinder, prl"pnrcil of the librCliiof n. thi41e (Cousinin); 'Pffl-,tIi, J:lo .... iogtinder, PtA.; li!l"lIi .pra-ba dl:,tr-/J/)r f1/09',white-napl'y, Il~ n ootanie&l term, mili. diecolour of the tinder, l'eferred to, lJciol:" alight gray; '1'ro.-oo; fOy-yu a medIcinalherb Wd,i.

II. vb. pf. 'prlU, imp.•!um, I. to adorn,10 decorate: 'YlId11-Wi. frq., '1IIf!uJI-dpn Mil.And cl.:ewh. - i. fffl ~/n·a., l~~.' '1"'1;-&1b!lbl-l'a to love, to caress. - 3. perh. ideo­tienl with'lrd-lt(.)·, to empty (a dish). ­4. 'pra olfrid.pll to lead, to direct righl ­Cf. [11$0 rt.ati .pra-IM.

~.~~. 'prll.(.il, Mal., C. wax (IJ~ '''''''-11I').

t1r:q-.:.]' sJll'dg.pa v• •lmi{I-]HI

~",..q' ~pl'd,i-bll, 0., to beg: (the ..crb [':;l.... never met with, and Zam. expl:tiOlJthe sbst. only by JIOI'-WiM); s/,ruH-/JO, beg·gar, D::l., Glr., frq. (Wt.. 'mOil', mther huM,though DOL far from the truth); 'rw,.lOit'G:, icl.; 'P"ati-'ydn Mil., no olel beggar;rd::UI-1/wi spnlil-po n sll:IIU-bi:'ggilt Glr.;sPl'llti-fW"9 LcgJ:nr boy: ~Jlrw.-btill men­c1ic:lIlt frillr Gl,..; 'pf/lli-:a. be;;gar'~ li'e­lilwod Mil; ,ll:ar"'prati begging for lentenfood, rtl;;o such food obt/lined b)' begging,". llkw....::d~; J..YWI"-$J!fI;1i begging for beerMil.

~'l':r sl,r,id-pIC '. 'I'rOtl-l'll.

SJ·U~·~..r.r Er~,,· 'I",i~ti-","-Nl:,,-ya,~ ., . ,i. (<'II, n. of Ill" Nn..

IlCl1,r of Cllilllt, during ",,110:;1.' rt:i~ll Rud­~hi ,,'tf.!I .wU'"duccd into that country.

336

spri-ma sprul-ba

Glr. ; acc. to Chinese accounts: Ming-ti,

5876 after Christ.

tsrspri-ma, spris-ma, sris-ma, W. *sri*,

cream, and other fatty substances, ga-

thering on the surfaces of fluids; ^6-mai

spris, Lt.j Zo(i)-spris, Wdn.; gen. ^o-sri,

cream (of milk); fug-spri, the greasy sur-

face of soup; ditto of urine Med.

f^r-q' spri/t-ba, pf. sprins, to send a message,

to give information, to send word ;prin,

tidings Dzl.;

zes sprin -no so I send him

word Dzl.

^ sprin, *tin*, Ld. *srin*, Bal. *spin*,

Q ^

cloud, also as an emblem of transito-

riness frq.; *srin tigs, /,'or*, W., clouds are

spreading; sprin-gyi yseb-nas from between

the clouds Glr.; glog-sprin .thunder-cloud

Glr.; cdr-sprin rain-cloud; ^d-sprin cloud

tinged with rainbow colours Pth.; mig-

sprin v. this; Iho-sprin a southern cloud,

picturesque expression, the clouds in Tibet

generally coming from the south Mil.; sprin-

skyes lightning; sprin-dmdr clouds redden-

ed by the sun, morning or evening red;

sprin-ptin, sprin-fsogs, an accumulation of

clouds; sprin-gyi pd-nya the messenger of

the clouds, Meghaduta, a poem by Kalidasa

Tar.

spribs-pa to be hungry Sch.

spris-ma v. spri-ma.s

?T3T sPru - ma->

^'s -i hellebore; spru-dkdr,

^ -nag Med.

fm'CJ*

sPru</-pa> pf- an^ imp. sprugs, *fug-

^ '

pa*, W. *srug-ce* to shake, to shake

off, to beat out, rdul dust; to stir up, rdul-

fsub, to raise, whirl up dust; lus sprug-sil-

ba, lus sp'rug-sil byed-pa Glr., to shake one's

self (used of horses); fig. nus mfu rtsal

sprug-pa, to strain every nerve, to work

with might and main Pth.;to shake about,

to stir up (synon. *srul-ce, rum-ce* W.~); Cs.

also: to rub, to scratch, to brush??

sprul-ba (cf. Oprul-bd), to juggle, to

make phantoms (sprul-pa) appear, to

change, to transform (one's self), which ac-

cording to the doctrines of Buddhism is the

highest acquisition of any man, that by his

own holiness has assumed divine nature,

viz. as long as he is capable of acting, not

having yet been absorbed into the blessed

state of nothingness. This power of trans-

formation on the part of the Buddhist is

the evidence of what he understands by di-

vine omnipotence; but as this conceptionis a mere product oi fancy, it varies in its

import. On the one hand it is opposed to

reality, dnos; thus e.g. beings, whom no

Buddha could convert through his personal

agency, sku-diws-kyi sgo-nas, are converted

(acc. to Pth.) sprul-pai tdbs-kyis. FrequentlyBuddha avails himself of jugglery, rdzu-

prulston, converting thousands of beings in

a trice, Dzl. & elsewh.; further: drdg-poi

sprul-pa byas-pa yin Glr., I caused ter-

rifying phantoms to appear, viz. the spec-tral bodies of executed culprits, in order

to scare the rude Tibetans into the way of

virtue. From the foregoing it is evident that

the term in question by no means conveysthe scriptural idea of a creative and mira-

culous power; the Tibetan, however, when

he becomes acquainted with Christianity, is

always apt to substitute his sprul-pa or

rdzu- priil, and sprul-ba for it. On the other

hand, a real and material existence is as

often attributed to a sprul-pa, when it de-

signates the incarnate and embodied per-

son, the Avatara of a deity, (Mongol. Chu-

bilgan), who like any human being is ca-

pable of acting, and exerting an influence

on the material world around him, or of

suffering by it, without any docetic admix-

ture. Occasionally it is also to be translat-

ed by emanation: ydn-sprul, emanation of

the second degree, i.e. one emanation going

forth from another; nyin-sprul or ysum-

spml, an em. of the third degree Pth.; sprid-

pa Ogyed-pa, to let emanations go forth,

Lexx. Further: sprid-pa mkyen-pa, to

be an adept in the art of sprul-pa, i. e.

witchcraft, Glr.; ri ynyis sprul -te produ-

cing two mountains by magic, Dzl.;... mfd-

ba . . . bziigs-pa sprul-nas, changing himself

into a high enthroned person, DzL; dge-

336

Glr.; ace. to Chinese accounts: Ming_ti,58-7(; nfter Christ.~.' , , II' .' .~~~. Spn-ma, spns~a, Sf S··1Ila, . sM ,

:;j cream, and other fatty substances, ga_thering on the surfaces of fluids; ~o-mai

spris, Lt., ?xJ(i)-spris, Wd'i.; gen. ~o.8,·i.

cream (of milk); (itg-spri, tbe greasy SUI'­

face of soup; ditto of urine Ned.~':r sprili-bu, pf. spr-;,is, 10 send a message,i1'" to give information, 10 sendword;prill,tidings Dd.; ~elI sp,-ili. .. rio 80 I send himword Dzl.~_ 81'rin, -rin·, Ld. -.ifin·, !Jal. -spin-,~'" cloud, also as nn emblem of transitlrrine~s frq.; "jwin (i[p, I.'QT"', Jv., clouds arespreading; flpri1l-9'Ji yseb-n<u from betweenthe clouds Glr.; gldy-$}win .thuoder-cloudGI,..; cdNprin rain-cloud; Jd-3pn"n cloudtinged with rainbow colours Pth.; m;[I­sprin v. this; lllMpl'1"n a southern e1oull,picturesque exprel;sion, the clouds in Tibetgenemlly coming from the south Alii.; :p"in­$~-yb lightning j $prin-dmdr clouds reddCJl­ed by the sun, morning or c\'ening red;~prin-Ih{ri, spri:Il.(~6g8, nn accumulation ofclouds; $]Jrin-,II1}i lid-nya the IDcsseng-er ofthe clouds, Meghltdotu, fL poem by KnlidiisaTar.~

w.q...~'r ~prib8-pa to be hungry &11.

~~~' $prM-ma v. ~pri"lIIa,

~~. ~pru -ma, 01" hellebore; spni-dkdr,~ -nag Med.~l:rr.q spniy-pa, pf. and imp. 8pl"Uf18, "/tig­-€t -1 pa", lv. -1Jrug-U' to shake, to shakeoff, to beat out, roul dust; to stir up, ·rdul­(sub, to raise, whirl up dust; llU 8P"Hg~il­

00, bls spru!J-s1l byM.-pa Glr., to shake one'sself (used of horses); fig. /iUS m(u mal$1'I""«9-pa, to stru.in every nen'e, to workwith migllt and main PrJ/.j to shake about,to stir up (synan, -~rul-u, rum-t? IV.); (.8.also: to rub, to scratch, to brush??

~~:r,::r $prul-ba (cf. oprnl-ba), to juggle, to~ make phantoms ($prUl-pa) appear, tochange, to transform (one's seli), which ac­cording to tL.e doctrines of BuddhiliJU is the

~t:.l'.:r sprol-ba

highest acquisition of noy man, thm by hisown holiness hns assumed divine na.ture,viz. as long as he is c:\pable of acting, nothaving yet been absorbed into the blessedstate of nothingness, This powcr of trans­formation on the pnrt of the Buddhist istlie evidence of what he understands b)' di­vine omnipotence; but as this conceptionis a. mere product of faDcy, it variel; in itsimport., On the one hand it is opposed toreality, (bios; thus e. g. beings, whom DO

Buddha could convert through his personalagency, Nru-dnd3_kyi S!Jo-n/l.\!, are converted(nee. to Ptll.) sp,./il-pai tdbs-l.?Jis. Fn>quentlyBuddha avails llimself of jugglery, tdzu­~rlils«m, converting thousands of beings ina trice, D::l. & elsewh.; further: drdy-p<JisprUZ_pa byds-pa yin Gir., , caused ter­rif)'ing phantoms to arrenr, viz. the spec­tral bodies of executed culprits, in orderto scare the rude Tibetans into the way ofvirtue. From the foregoing it is evident thattlie term in question b)' no menus conveysthe scriptural iden of a creative and mira­culous power; the Tibetan, however, whenhe becomes ncqUl~inted with christianity, is1I1Ivnys apt to substitute his ~prUl- va or/Ylzu-"prnl, and ~prul-ba for it. On tile otherhand, n real and material existence is asoften attributed to a ¥rul-pa, when it de­sigoa.tes the incarnate nnd embodied per­son, the AVllffirn of a deity, (Mongol. Chu­bilgllll), who like nny human being is cu­pable of u.cting, and exerting nn influenceon the mnterial world around him, or ofsulTering by it, without ltny docetic admix­ture, Occnsionnlly it is also to be translat­ed uy emanation: !Jdil-spl'ul, enlanation ofthe second d<'gree, i.e. one emllnation goingforth from nnother; u!J"i - ~p'"Ill or ysirm­I<prol, an em. of the third degreePtIl.; ~prol­pa of}yffl- pa, kl let emanations go forth,Liu, - Further: ~pr,il-pa mkp-pa, tobe an adept in the art of spritZ-pa, i. e.witchcraft, Glr.; ri my-is sprUl-tI I,rodu­cing two mountnins by magic, Dzl.; .,. m(Q.­00 .. , bZlI!J3-pa sprl/l-/i/l.\!, changing himS('lfinto l\. hiuh ep.throned person, JJ::l.; ~, Po

nloii ;it/-f-H, transforming himself into a friar,

/>./.tr<|.;

<linl- gro fsim-par sprul-ba, to

satiate animals by fictitious food Dzl.; tam-<<!</ ,s/*/v//-/w Odug-pa, these were all raeta-

innrplioM-. mocking phantoms, Gli: ; sku-

lus-kyi sprul-pa brgya-rtsa-brgydd mdzdd-

de ors]>r/</-te, to centuple one's self, (?//.;

><l>rnl-i>(ti ryydl-po, the phantom-king, viz.

Buddha, Avalokitesvara, or some other di-

vine person, incarnate as a king; gan-la-

gan- diil-gyi sprul-pa, all-converting Ava-l a ra. frq.

xV- spre, gen. spreu, rarely sprel (Ld. *sreu;

*sf spriu*) monkey, of a grayish yellow

brown, common intheforests of the southern

Himalaya, (cf. spra); sometimes a distinc-

tion is made between spre and spra, in which

case the former is the long-tailed monkey.-

spre-mo, female monkey, Cs.; yet also

spreu zdr-ma, a blind female monkey, Dzl ;

spre-priig, young monkey. spre-rtsed,

apish tricks; foolery.

fq-spro-ba I. vb. pf. spros, prop, the tran-

sitive of Opr6-bn to make go out, to

disperse, to spread; gen. however intransi-

tive : 1 . to go out, to proceed, to spread, of

rays of light, of the wind, Wdn. 2. fig. to

enlarge upon, by way of explaining, repre-

senting, Zam., Pth.; ycig-las spros-pa, Was.

(115), enlarging (proceeding) from the num-ber one in an ascending progression ofnum-

bers; mam-par sprds-pa, to have come to

a full development and restoration from the

consequences of sins, Stg.

II. 1. vb. (pf. unaltered), to feel an in-

clination for, to delight in: df/e-ba-la,in virtue,

Dzl.; btjd-ba gdn-la yak sprd-ba CM/J, feel-

ing little inclination for doing any thing,

Thgy. ; bsdd-par sprd-ba su yan ma byun,none was found that had a mind to kill,

Stg.; so also Tar.; to be willing, to wish,

Tar.' in an absolute sense: sem*, or resp.

fugs, spr6-bar gyt'<r-ba, to get cheerful, merry,Mil. 2. sbst. joy, cheerfulness: *i>ro-ba

skyed-pa, to feel joy, pleasure, Dzl. and

elsewh.; spro-ba skye-bai pyir-du, for an

encouragement, for a comfort, Glr.; spt-o-

sin-ba Sch., great joy (cf. sin); spro-siil-ge-

ba, itch., to one's wish(?); tpro 4a, S*k..

'not to be joyful', lit. the cessation of joy;

gpro fun-ba, 'short cheerfulness', i.e. a passi-onate disposition; or as adj. passionate, iras-

cible, Wdit.; dga-npn't, joy, dga-sprd dpag-

tu-med^pa fob, he got into a most cheerful

humour, Afil.*to-Kdn*,C., pleasure-house,

summer-house, pavilion ; spro-semsand (/>/.)

*spro-t(i>s,8ro-8e8*,joy;8pro-8tm8, Thgy. also

youthful joy, alacrity, cheerfulness in work-

ing, readiness to act.

sprdg-ma; Sch. spds-kyi sprdg-ma,little box for frankincense.

sprdg-ht \. prog.

f"i-sprdd-pa, secondary form sprad, the

vb. a. of prod-^pa (by the illiterate

it is often used for ytod-pa, not very current

in common life) 1. to bring together, to put

together, to make to meet: nai bid-ma- la

sprod-do, we will bring you together with

our Lama, Mil.;so also resp. . . . ynyi$ zal

sprdd mdzdd-pa ;in another passage de dan

zal-sprdd-du bzugs-sin prob. means sitting

exactly opposite to one another, (a whimsi-

cal idea, relative to two idols many miles

distant from each other; possibly it should

be read ytod-du); bddg-cag sprod-cig, bringabout a meeting between our two parties!

Dzl.; yyul or fdb-mo, to commit a battle;

rdl-Ka, Ma., to put the edges of the swords

together, prob. meaning the same; mf?b

sprod-pa, to put the finger to the bow-string,

Glr.; *ldg-to feb-to fcdl-wa*, to suspend by

the thumb and big toe, a kind of torture

in 6'. (The special meaning: to cohabit, (s,

never came to my notice). 2. to deliver

(a letter, message) Pth.; spdr-mor, Idg-tu,

Lex., to put into one's hand;to set to put

to propose, *yyug$, Idem*, a task, a riddle,

W.; to pay (of. Opivd-pa), pyir sprod-pa,to repay. Moreover: nd-sprod-pa, to ex-

plain, don dan sprdd-pa seems to signify

the same in Mil., Pth.', brdd-sprod-fxi. to

explain, to describe v. brda; brda-sprdd, ibid.

seems to denote grammar.

sprds-pa. 1.pf.

v. sprd-ba L 2.

business, employment, activity:

337

,~,j HtJ-t." trltnsforming him$el£ into a friar,/)::1. frq.; diul-o!Jro f~illl_par 'p''li/.ba, tosatiate Animals by fictitious food D:l.; (01111­

cdd .prill-par ..dllfJ-1'o, these were all meta­,"orpllOse", lllod:ing phantoms, Gil'. j d:ll_lHa.J..-yi .prid"1Ja bry!Jo·rt3a-brv!Jdd md::dd­Ik or'l'rUl-u, to centuple one's self, Gl,..;:!prol-Jlai ',,!!ydl-l'o, the phantom-king, viz.Buddha, A,'ll1okitesvllr&, or some other di­vine flCrson, incarnate 1\8 II. king; f/Q,j-Ia.gari'odul-gfJi "prill-pa, aU-converting Ava­tn~ frq.~ aprt, gClI,'prCIf, rarely Ipl'tl (Ld. -"rell;~ 'priu·) monkey, of II grll.yish }'ellowbrown, common inthcfol'C'lts of tbe $OutbernHimalAYa, (cf. ,pro); sometimes a distinc­tion is mltde between 'pre ftnd 8pI'o, in whichcase the f011ner is the long-tailed monkey.- 'p''t-mo, female monkey, Ca.; yet aho'prtu hh..."ta, a blind femllle monkey, D:i;.,-n·e-j'w/'9, young monkey. - 'pl'e - I'tlbl,llpish tricks; foolery.~.q .prd-Jia I. vb. pf. '1"'01, prop. the tl'lln­5J siti"e of olW-ba to makt go ou4 10dlcperse, 10 spread; Ren. however intransi­tive: 1. to go out, to proceed, to sp~ad, ofmys of light, of the wind, Wdif. - 2. fig. toenlarge upon, by way of explaining, repre­senling, ham., HI,.; rMy-la. ~pa, Wa!.(115), enlllrgillg (proceeding)fromthe num­lIer one in an I\sccuding progression ofnum­ben,;; ,-nulII-par .pro.-1'a, to have come to

1\ full development IUId restoration from tlleconsequencea of sillli, S([I.

11. I. vb. (p£. unaltered), to feel an in­clination for, 10 delight in: dyt-.ba-la, in virtue,Du.; b!fd-ba gdli-la ya,i 'p"o..ba lvii, feel­ing little inclination for doing lin)' thing,T4gy.; lAad1JW '/wd-ba .tu !/(ni 111(1: b!Jll,i,Done was found lhat had 1\ mind to kill,Stg.; so /lIsa Tm·.; to be willing, to wish,Tal'.; in lloll absoluu sense: Ie7n" or resp.(Uf}I, .pro-Imro!l!JHr-ba, to get cheerful, merry,Mil. - 2. s~t. joy, cheerfulness: 'prO _ba3A.-y/d -1'a, to feel joy, pleasure, Dzl. llndelsewb.; 'prd-ba Ikyi-bai W,.-du, for anencouragement, for ll. comfort, Gir.; 'P'.'m-b« &h., greAt joy (d. ,i"O,'pr9-"i,;"

011, &4., \.0 one'", l\'ish(!); '11f'fJ ....ba, .~4.,

'not to be joyful', iiI. the ceoalion of joy;'pl'O lini-ha, 'iihort chu.rfulneu', i.e, A ll&Mi­onntc disjlOflition; or as adj, pus1oMle. Itt..cible, WJJi.; dga-6pr&, joy, dt;a-Ipro dpafJ.tu-mid-p« fob, lIe got into A mOfit ch~rfulhumour, ,1111- -,o-fdti-,C, pleaf;ure-hou&(',sUlIlluer-house, r1wilion ;fpro-ahmand (1.d.)-3pro';", ;,'O-UJ-,jO)'; .pro-flrnl, TJ.gy. al~youthful joy, alacrit)", cheerfulne;;s in work­ing, readiness to act.~:fr~r '1'rdg.11lllj Se4.•pdt-Ayi .pr&g-ma,~ little box for frankincense,

W'!";'j" .]Wdg->U '" ,;"g"

~..q' 3pt'M-pa, secondll.ry form tprad, the~ vb. a. of Prod-Pa (by the illiterateit is often used for )'UId-pa, not very curreatin common life) 1. to bring together, to puttogether, to make to meet: >ia': hM·ma-la3pr&/-r.lc, we will bring you together withour Lnrna, Mil.; so also resp... , rnyi. lal3pr6dllldzdd-pa; in anotber passage rk da"lal·3prdd.du bluy•.Jili prob. means sittingexactly opposite to one another, (a whimsi­cal idea, relative k) two idol. many miludistnnt from each other; possibly it shouldbe rend rtod-du); bddg-eag Iprdd-Hg, bringabout It meeting between our t'll'O parties!D:f.; fYljf or fdb-,,,o, to commit a battle;rol-ra, Ma., to put the edges of the .wordstogether, prob. meaning the nme; ".(.0

'pl'lk/-pa, to put the fioger k) the bow-string,Gir.; -leig-I'!' feo-I'!' J.'d{-tca-, to suspend bythe thumb fUld big toe, a kind of torturein C. (The specirJ meaning: to cohabit, u,never came to my notice). - 2. to deliver(n leuer, message) Ptli.; 3pIir-Jn(Ir, ldtj-hI,La., to Ilut into one's IUludj to se~ to pulto propose, -9yug3, {d,m-, a lask, a riddle,w.j 10 pay (d. oJ~pa), pyir .prod-pa,to repay. - Moreover: riO-Iprod-pa, to tx­plain, don dan .prdd-pa seems to signifJthe SftlDe ill Mil., Ptll.; bnW-fJlrod-ptr, 10explain, 10 describe v. brdo; brrla-fpr6d, ibid.seems to denote grammar.

~V.q· .prdt-pa. 1. pf. ", 3prd-b<& ,1. - 2.?1 bllSintS$, employment, acllvdy; C•. :,

:!'l

338

pa pa

- pa -can, busy, employed, occupied;

spros-bcas, id.; cos-kyi and Ojig

- rten -gyi

spros-pa, spiritual and secular business';

Sch. : 'spros kun, all affairs';I met only with

spros-pa med-pa or cod-pa, or spros -brdl,

denoting the state of an absolute inactivity,

such as belongs to Buddha in the state of

cos-sku, (v. sku 2) Pth., Mil.

pa 1. the letter p, aspirate, the English

p in pass. 2. num. figure: 14.

pa I. vulgo l^J'Sf, Ift'Sj'i ct-pa, a -pa,

(Cs. also ^J'Sf* a-ta) 1. father, resp. yob

(yet also pa is used, e.g. when Milaraspais addressed by his female disciples, as well

as in prayers to defunct saints Mil.") 2.

a male, not castrated, animal (vulg. likewise

a-pa). Comp. pa-gldn bull. --pa-rjes-bu,

Sch., a child born after its father's death.

-pa-rtd, stallion. *pa

-nor*, patrimony

C., W. pa-spdd (Sch. also pad) v. spad;

pa-spun v. spun.- -

pa-pdg, boar. pa-

ma, parents, pa-md-la gus-pa, Stg.; *pa-

ma-med-fcan*, W., orphan; also father or

mother, parent; pa-md-ycig-pa, brothers

and sisters born of the same parents.-

pa-min, relations on the father's side; btsun-

moi pa-min bos-so, Glr,, he invited the re-

lations of his wife's father; pa (dan) mes

(-po), ancestors; pa-mes si-bai don-du, for

the (defunct) ancestors, Wdn.; pa-fedb

i. foster-father, guardian, Sch. 2. father to

a country (?). pa-fsdn, Mil. 1. cousin bythe father's side (patruelis) C. 2. also=^5a-

spun (?). pa-yzi = *pa-nor*, C. pa-ydfi,

Sch., step -father; pa-yul, fatherland,

native country, frq.; pa-yul-la cdgs-pa or

sreg-pa, love of country. pa-yydg, yak-bull. pa-yydr, step-father, foster-father,

Cs. pa-rd, he-goat, buck.

II. root for the terms: beyond, onward,

farther on; pd-ga, the opposite side

;cu pa-

gar ton-nas, to get to the opposite bank

or shore, Mil. (not frq.). pd-gi, ! that

which is on the other side, Sch. 2. C., also

Pth., Mil.: yonder; pd-gii ri de, that moun-

tain yonder, Pth. 3. col. : he. pd-gir, there,

thither. --pd-nos=pd-rol, pd-wl-tu Lh.

-pd-mfa, the other end, the other boun-

dary, Cs.; pa-mfa-med, without boundary,

endless, Cs. pa-pyogs C. pd-ga. pa-

fsdd, pa-zdd, distance; pa-fsdd cig-na, at a

small distance (from the town), Pth.;de-

nas pa-zdd cig-na, a bit farther on, Dzl.',

pa-fsad cig-tu Oton-nas, stepping a little

aside, Pth.; pa-zdd Ogro-ba, to go on, Dzl.

frq. pa-ri the mountain on the other

side. pd-rol, in B. very frq. l.the other

side; opposite side, counterparty. 2. for pd-

rol-pa, -na, -tu v. below; pd-rol-tu, over

to the other side, skyel-ba, to carry, pyin-

pa, to get to the other side, esp. in re-

ference to the Mahayana doctrine of crossing

the stream of time to the shore of rest,

of Nirwana; gen. as sbst.= qTTf'TflT, means

of crossing (Was. perfections, Kdpp. cardinal-

virtues); gen. six of them are reckoned:

sbyin-pa, fsul-Rrims, bzod-pa, brtson- grus,

bsam-ytdn, ses-rdb', sometimes only five, at

other times even ten, by adding fobs, smon-

lam, stobs, ye-ses', sbyin-pai, ses-rdb-kyi pd-rol -fu pyin-pa, to have stepped over or

crossed by means of beneficence, wisdom etc.

(or more naturally: to have got to the end

of beneficence etc., to have fully achieved,

accomplished it; sbst. the full accomplish-

ment of etc.).--

pd-rol- na, adv., on the

other side; postp. e. gen. beyond, behind,

with regard to space, Sambh.; extending

338

'Spryn· pa· can, busy, employed, occupied;Sp,w-MM, id.; &14-kyi lind Jig - rlbl - gyisprOs - pa, spiritual IUld secular business';SeA.: "pros kun, all affairs'; I met only with

.t4 pa L the letter p, nspirate, the Englishp in pess. - 2. Dum. figure: 14.

zq pa I. yulgo W'~', ~~'.q', lr.zJa, lr-pa,(G!, also t1'I';' iY-ta) L father, resp. yah

(yet also pa is used, e.g. when Milnf3spais addressed by his female disciples, as wellas in prayers to defunct saints Nil.) - 2.It male, not castrated, animal (vulg.likewiseu-p'a). Compo jxz-gldli bull. - p'a-r)n-bU,Sell., a child born after its futher's death.- pa-rtti, stallion. - -Jla-1Ith", patrimonyC, lV. - im-.pdd (&A. also pati) v. spad;pa-spUn v. $fNn. - lla-jd9, ho:1I'. - 'fa­ma, parents, pa-.md-la gus-pa, 8t9.; ·pa­ma-mM,./lan-, W:, orphnn; also father ormOlher, parent; ]la-ma-rHg-pa, brothersand sisrers born of the same parents. ­pa..lffl(n, relations on tlJe father's side; bUlin­'JIloi fa·min bt'l3--8Q, Glr., he invited the re­lations of his wife's father; l~a (dan) mh(_po), ancestors; pa-mh ii-bai Mn-du, forthe (dcfunct) ancestors, Wdn.; - pa.(3db1. foster-father, guardian, &h. 2. father toa country(?), - pa-rwn, .Mil. 1. cousin bythe fal.her's side (patruelis) C. 2, also-ia­3pUn(?). - pa-yZi _·Pa-~, C.- pa..yd'i,&h., step - father; - fa -yul, fatherland,native country, Irq.; pa-yul-la cdgl-pa orSTig-po" love of country, - pa-nJdg, Yllk­bull. - 1Ja-Y!lar, step-father, foster-futher,£4, - pa-rd, he-goat, buck.

11. root for the terms: beyond, onward,farther on; Pd-ga, the opposite side; fit pd­gur fdn-nas, to get to the opposite bankor shore, Mil. (not frq.). - ' ""fIi, I. that

I. J:)

sprm-pa mld-pa or COd-pa, or 3p'm-brdl,dcnoting the state of an ab'>Olute inactivity.such as belongs to Buddha in the stl\te of008-&(,1, (v. M'U 2) Pt1l., Mil.

which is on the other side, &h. 2, c., aboPtA., Mil.: yonder; pd-gii ri dt, that moun­tain yonder, Pth. 3. col.: he. - pa_gir, there,thither. - pd-n03 - po. - rol, pd-rol-tu Lh.- Jid..1/lfa, the other end, the other boun­dary, u.; }1a--ntfa-'lliM, without boundary,endless, U. - lla-hOifl c. = fta-ga. -}ja­

(wd, pa-zdd, distance; Jla-fMld i;iy-lUI, at a.small distance (from the town), PtA.; de­na3 pa-zdd Cig-na, a bit farther on, Dzl.;pa-(3ad i:iy-tuotCY/-na.s, stepping a littleaside, Pth.; pa-zdd ogro-ba, to go on, .Dzl.frq. - pa-ri thc mountain on thc otherside. - fxi-rol, in 13. very frq. I. the otherside; opposite side, counterparly. 2. for [ki­rQl-pa, -no" -tu \', below; pti-rol-tu, overto the other side, 3~~l-ba, to carry, p!Jin­pa, to get to the other side, eSI). in re­ferenceto theMahayll.nadoctrine of crossingthe stream of time to the shore of rest,ofNirw5J,la; gen. as shst..- trr(f1fWT, meansof crossing( Wall, perfections, Xiipp, cardinal­virtues); gen. six of,them are reckoned:wyin-po., (3uU;ri1m, bztJd..pa, brt&m-ofJriis,btam-ytan, Au-rdb; somctimes only fi,'e, atoiber times even ten, by adding fak, 3/1lJn.

lam, 3t0b3, ye~i8; 8UyiniJfli, its-rdb-k!Ji pa­lool-tu pyin.pa, to have Iltepped O"cr orcrossed by means ofbcneficence, wisdom etc.(or more naturally: to ha"e got to the cndof beneficence etc., to ha\'e fully achieved,accomplished it; sbst. the full accomplish­ment ofet("~). - JId.rol-na, ad,'" on theother side; postp. c. gen. beyond, behind,with regard to space, Samhh.; extending,

sm\- ,..,

beyond, both u& to the future and the past,

e.g. bilfdl^po <ii'uiis-med-pai pd-rol-itu, in-

numerable Kalpas ago, frq. ; pd-rol-pa,\. one living on the other side. 2. also

/....

enemy, adversary, pd-rol-pai ryydl-po, p'd-

rol-jxi/ <////<!</. i><i-r<il-gyi dmag-fsdys, the

hostile king, hostile army; pd-rol ynon-pa,to vanquish the enemy; pd-rol-yyis mi

-/""' offyur-ba, not to be molested bythe enemy. 3. also po, the other; the neigh-

bour; pd-rol-yyi len-pa, to take away the

neighbour's property; pd-rol-yyi rdzas, yo-

l>H<nl. nor, Sty.; pd-rol ynon-pa, Tar. 12,20:

excelling others, Schf. exceedingly.-- Of.

also par and pan II.

P'u-yu, Sch. wall; edge, border; in two

passages of Gli: the latter meaningdoes not suit at all, and the former not

well; rather: tile; v. pay.

pd-tin , W., sweet dried apricots, in

C. *na-ri-Kdm-bu*, in Hind.,-Jijj>,

in Russia bokhari, bokharki, also called

Persian fruit, much exported from Balti,

Kabul, and other countries of western Asia.

Pa-to'l> Pa - til (Ar. *.LyS) W., lunt,

match; *dug-cf, to light (a match).

pa-ba-dyo-dyo, puff-ball, bull-

fist (a kind of fungus) Wdfi.

]>a -bon, Glr. and elsewh., C., pa-,6/i Pth., BaL, pa-loii Ld., a large

rock or block, above ground.

j5a-fcwfot, 1. bat (animal) Lt., Thyi:,

C.; *po-lon-hel-kyi, pa-'wan-an-kye,

-nr-Kyi*, W., *pa-wan-fdr* , Sik., id.(= bya-

tcan). 2. rdo pa-icah, Ssk. salagrama, am-

monite.

," pd-ra, \. breeding-buck. 2.\.pdr-ba.

pa-raii, 1. also pe-rdn, = *pi-liii*t

C., Feringhi, European.-- 2. vulg.

venereal disease.

pa-ri l.Lh., a coarse covering or carpet- 2. a mountain on the other side.

pa-la Ssk., fruit, Lt.

P**>dted9dii4j, he changescolour, turns pale, with

consternation, IA.

a-ldm} rdo~r)e-pa-ldm, diamond. Lt.

'

pa-li, shield, buckler.

iI- V. //'/. II. ill /y. g<.!,

pa, swine, hog, pig (introdur.-d im,,' from China, and largely consumed; in

W. somewhat known from India, *//-//'/and luii-pay* being distinguished as the wild

boar and the tame hog); pdy^tai sna, Glr.;

i-us-pa, Med.; bcud(?) Lt. ; pdg-gi ydofi, a

pig's face, Samb/t.; />-i>uy, not castrated,

p6-pay, castrated boar; m6-pag, sow. -

pdy-Kyu, herd ofswine. pdy-myo, 1 . boar's

head (a valued protective against demons,it being hid in the ground under the thresh-

old of the door). 2. S.a. fol. 26, it seems

to be a mineral used in medicine. pag-

ryod, wild boar. --pay-mce, tusks of a

boar. pay-fun, Sch.: a large boar(?).-

pay-pruy, young pig. pay -ma, Sch.,

gelded hog. pay-mo, 1. sow. 2. a goddessv. rdo-rje. pay-fsdn, pig-sty. pay-

fsil, hog's lard; bacon. pay-fs6y = pay-

fyu.--

pay-rdzi, swine-herd. pag-zt,

hog's bristle, Wan. --pay^yar-ma, Sch.,

the fattening of pigs(?) pay-ril, pig's

muck(?) Lt. --pay-sa, pork.

III. (C's. pdy-ma}, something hidden; con-

cealment: pa<j-nu mi yod-pa, a man con-

cealed behind, Dzl., pay-yam gnt ziy-tu,

in a corner, in obscurity, Dzl.; *fsd-big

pay-la yod*, it is somewhat hidden, cannot

be seen well (from this place), Ld.; *pdg-la zd-cf, to eat (dainties) by stealth, W.;

nyi-ma riipdy-tu ^rd, Thyy., the sun hides

himself behind the mountain; sgo-pdg-na*

bltds-pas, to watch, spy, lurk behind the

door, Glr., v. also <jdb, pa; pagnyan tdn-

ce W., to listen. *pay-*tP, W. ('a hidden

paring-axe' v. ste-po) plane; *pag-stt gydb-

!('. tj>'t<i-ce, $i*ub-ce*, to plane. pag-fsfa^

smuggling, co-ce, to smuggle, JV. *tdit-Kan*,

smuggler, W. pdg-ra^ parapet pay-

rays, rampart, intrenchment. --pay-lain.

secret path (of smugglers).-

*pag-svg*y

bribery, C., W.; *pag-8*tg td*-cf, to bribe;

zd-bf, to accept a bribe, W.

Hyend. both as 10 the future &nlilhe paM,f'. g. Wdl-pa !l"d;,MHtJ..pai id-rol-1ta, in­naronable KAlpas ago, lrq.; pa -rol- pa,I. one living on the olber side. 2. alto po,enemy, ad,ersary, p6-rol-JK'i rrJ!ldl-po, pd­ro/..pui (IMug, lHi-roI.-9yi dJllOg-~, thebo&tile king, hostile arlU)'; pd-rol}'ffdn-Jla,to vallquisl, the enemy; JN1. - rol- 9yi& 'Iff;"iff/I_par c1Iyu.r-lJa, not to be molested bytlie cnt'my. 3. also 1"', the other; the neigh·bour; pa-rol-gyi fbi-1M, to mke away theneighbour's prOIW!rtJ; [kl-ro/,.f/!p rd:at, !If)­b1flill, 7\01', Stg.; }id-rol ,min-pa, Tar. 12,20:ucdlillj; o\hen, &"l exceedingly. - Of.also par and Pall I J.:r~ pd'1fU, &/r.. wall; edge, bonier; in two

..... passages of Glr. tbe latter meaningdoes not suit at .n, and the former not'fl'dl; rather: tile; v. JM9.:G':::' pd-t;;" 1Yo, SWett dried apricotlr inf' C. -.lia-ri-£im..f.ou-, in Ilind. e.i:...>

in Itussia bol:J.ari, boidIam, also calledPersian fruit, much exported from Balli,KAbul, and other countries of western Asia.:r1'ilI' jJa-til, pa-til(A,·. ..~) IV:, luni,

match; "du~e", to light (11. match).:t',:::r~Etfz:::Etf iJa-ba..Jgo-dgQ, puff·ball, buil­

I fist (a kind of fungus) Wdn.:t.~. ]ia-bthi, Gir. lUld elsewh., c.. pa­

.oil Ptil., /lui.. lia-16ia !..d.. a largeNICk Of bloclc, abofe ground.:.rr,:..... jJa-.niit, 1. bat (lI.llimal) Lt., Tltgr.,:r c. j ..po....u.i-Mi-I;yi, lM-400ia..o'li-l.yj,

-f;,...t!JI", W, ..Jkt-ttali-fcY, Sil:.. id.(- bya­_Ii). 2. rdo pa-tt"On, Sd. sliagrilll" am­monite.

.:.r.::.: IHt-I'rl, 1. breeding-buck. - 2. Y. iHl,.-ba.

:r~' IHJ-rdli, 1. also l~-rdn, - "lii-ti,,",C., Feringhi, European. - 2. fulg.

venereal disease.~.~. fJa-ri 1. Lh., a coarse covering or carpel

- 2. II mountain on lhe other side.

:rr..r lid-la Sd., fruit, fA.

~~ i~l-ldm, rdo-~ld .., crl8JftOftd, IA..

:.r!f Pa-fi, shield, buckler.

:f'f,·.if\"-S"[ pa-«>dloJ."",,,,,,,,,,,,\.: cttour, t.. pale, 'WIlla

eoll,,~rual.iot:J, IA.

~ ]~, l. 1'. fJO'J. - II. in n.~. 1'»9_pat swint, hog. pig (introduced iDLoG

('. from Chin.. IIDd largel) coniumed; inW soUleljl'!Lat known £rom India. .~lind luit-Jiay· being dil>tinguished as the wildboar lind the lame boq); iHl.!J1HJi .fla, Gir.;rU'-JlG, Mtd.; bCu/l(!) !.t.; ]Htg-t.'" rJoH, topig's fuce, SamM.; Jld-]iu!}, nol. castrated,Ild·,'!<Jg, castrated boar; 1I10-iHl1J, sow. ­lNlg-l.'yu, herd ofawiue. -lNJg-'''fIO, I.boar'shead (to nlued protectifc against de.ou,it being bid iu the ground under the t.bm.h­old of tbe door). 2. S.g. foJ. 26, i\ IfttD5

to be I mineral nsed in medicine. - 'P-rrg6d, wild boar. - pog-ffl«, tusks of.boar. - 1'1ag..fiUt, &4.: • large bou(?). ­fJog-friy, younK pig. - fMg.-, &4.,~lded hog.- pug-mo, t. lOW. 2. _godd_v. rdo-rjt. - iJag-MH, pig-9ty. - tN¥­flil, hog's Iud; bacon. - Pa!J-6/ig1- pag­lYu. - ifl9-,-d=i, swine~berd. - pug-:;,hog's bristle, lVcbi. - p'/I9-Yfll'-1II0, &h.,the fattening of pigs(?) - Jia9-ril, pig'smuclr.(?) Lt. - png-ia, [lOrk.

m, (e,. pag-ma), something hidden; con­cealment: pa.J-1I4 m; y6d-pa, a wu OOD­

cealed bebind, D:I., pag.ga". !/"Yo Zig-tM,in a ooruer, in oblCUrity, D:l.; ·fIli-Wg]\dg-la y«l', it is M>meWhalllidden, eaDootbe stell ...ell (£rom thi" "lace), Ld.; .~w :d-ee-, to Mt (daintiei) by stnltb, IV.;Hgi_ ";ipag-tM ofIf"d, 1'IvJ!J.• llae $u..D hMWhimself behind tile mountain; tgo-tiJg-ftalbltdt-~ to Witch, 'IlY, lurk bebind tJledQOf, Gir., ,.. allO Jrib, pa; pag H!!"" llili­« W, to listen. - ·p'Q!J-.tt', n~ ('_ biddeD(luing-axe' \', ,t;'po) I,lant; ·pafrlY fhdJ>..i:t, {lUd-tt, jrilb-h·, to plane. - pog-6&ri,smuggling, M-h, to smuggle, n~ ·tdir-lll"·,smuggler, W: - ~a, par&peL - p.g­rdgs.. nunpart, iDU"enchmeaL - 1~._ret path (ol luuggleD). - ·iag-Wlff,bribery, C., W:;.~ ~,to lIribe;td-<w, to K«!pt a bribe, w:

pay-pdg p'dn-pa

Pa9-Pay-,tne name given in Pur.

to Codonopsis ovata, the thick roots

of which plant are cooked like turnips or

ground and baked; v. klu-mdud.

pan I. Opan {pan- ma, pan - bu C s )

spindle; pan -16, l.the whirl of the

spindle. 2. sih-rtai pan-16, waggon wheel,

Dzl.

II. v. pan.

p'an- gr6, Sch., the belly or bodyof a stringed instrument.

2jr*n* pdn-ba, pans-pa (Glr. also ports-pa,

prov.) to save, to spare, to use economy :

srog to spare one's life; mi-pdns-te or -par

e.g. Obul-ba, to give largely, not sparingly;

p'dn-sems, thriftiness; pdh-sems-can, thrifty,

frugal; *pan-sem co-ce*, W., to be thrifty,

frugal.

5JC"5T p'dn-ma, a medicinal plant, Med.

5?r*5Tr' pan-med, stated to be = rin-med,

JL O

T pan-lo v. pan I.

"

pan-Ion, vertebra (?) S.g.

-3- jt?a $s&., an unmeaning sound, fre-

^quently used in magic spells, on which

subject Milaraspa speaks rather obstrusely.

pad, a large bag or sack, rds-pad, rdl-

pad, rfsid-pad, sack of cotton cloth,

goat's hair, yak's hair; pad-Kd, -sked,

-mfil, the mouth, middle, and bottom of a

sack; pad-gdn, a full sack, a sackful; pad-

stofi, an empty sack; pdd-snam, sack-twine,

sack-cloth; pdd-tsa, very coarse sack-cloth.

r- pan I. sbst., hanging ornaments, lap pets' of silk, similar to the decorations of

our tent-cloths, awnings etc., ka-, sgo-,

ydun-pan, on pillars, doors, beams; pan-

ydugs, a parasol so decorated, S.g.

II. = pa II., gen. in the combination of

pan-cad (Glr. also pan-cod), also pan-laorpan, towards, until: dd-ci-nas dd-lta pan-la dar cig son, from 'but just' till 'just

now' a moment has passed, Thgy.; nd-nin-

nas da pan - cad lo ycig son, Thgy. ;

*da

pan*, until now, C.;... nas din-san pan

(-la) Glr. from . . . till now; pyi-ma pan-

cdd-du ^gro-bayin, I am proceeding towards

the future, Thgy.; pan-cdd also beyond: *de

pen-ce' ma do* C. do not go any farther

than that place; combined with its contrary

fsun : pan-fsun(-du) gro-ba, to walk to and

fro, there and back; to walk past, frq. ;

pan-fsun-du pul-ba, to push hither and

thither, Glr.; pan -fsun mfun-pai ytam,

assurances of mutual friend ship, Glr.;pf

an-

fsun ycig-gis ycig -la yi-ge )'ton-ba, pyag

byed-pa, ynod-pa byed-pa, mutual corres-

pondence, m. greetings, m. encroachment;

pan- fsun sdur-ba sdebs-pa, to compare with

one another, to mix one with the other,

Zam.; ynyis-ynyis-dag pan-fsun-gyi Odra-

bai yi-ge, two equal letters (a, a etc.) at a

time Gram. : ma-pdn-gi Ogram pan-fsun-duon each of the two shores of lake Ma-pan,

Mil.; don pan-fsun bsdu-rgyu yod-pa, cor-

relative terms, having reciprocal relation,

Gram. : pan-fsun for-ba, to scatter, to dis-

perse; p'an-fsun-day, Cs., both parties.

III. v. the following articles.

pf

dn-dil W. kettle, pot (of tinned

copper, thecommon cooking-vessel

in Tibet and India, having the shape of

a broad urn); in C. *zans(-bu)*, Pers. and

Hd. _>JoO (degci)', pan-cun, a small

vessel of that kind.

pan -pa I. vb. to be useful: de ni

bdag-la mi pan, that is no more of

use to me; pan -par mi Ogyur, it will be

of no use;bu Odis nd-la pan -par dka, this

son will hardly be useful to me, Glr.; pan-

par dgd-ba-rnams, such as wish to make

themselves useful, they who are ready to

serve, Thgy.', bgrod-lapan, useful for learn-

ing to walk, Lt.', nad kun-la pan-pa yin,

that is good for all diseases, Lt.;nai ndd-

lapan-pa yin-pas, because I have recovered,

Glr.', *pan son*, it has helped, it has got

better; . . . na pan, if . . .,then I shall get

well, Glr.', pan-pa zig srid, recovery mightbe possible, Pth.; mi pan, it is useless,

=hurtful; also: it is not enough, Mil.; mi pan-

par Qdod-pa fams-cad, all the malevolent,

Doman: /i'd-la pan, lit. 'it is a mere en-

340

.:t:rr3=l"l' p'ay-Pdg. tbe Dame given in Pur." "\ '"[ loCodonopsis avata, the t11ick roots

of which pInnt are cooked like turnips orground and baked; v. k[u·lIldlid..~~. pa.l I. oJiQn (pan -mo., pdti - bu (;3)'"'l spindle; pali-16, I. the wllirl of thespindle. 2. Mn-rtai pail-lo, waggon wheel,D:.l.

lJ. v. pan..qc:::~~ pari-ofIrO., Sell,; the belly Of oody

of a stnnged IDstrumcnt.

~~::::r pd"-ba, pM3-pa (Gir. also pons-pa,prov.) tosave,tospare, to useeconomy:

81'09 to spare onc's lifc; mi-fdris-U! or -pare.g. obUl-ba, to give largely, Dot sparingly;p'cH!-MlII$, thriftiness; pdri-MTIl$-oon, thrifty,frugal; ·pari.8el11 00-1:1', lV, to be tllrifty,frugal.

.qC:";.j" pari-mo., a medicinal plant, Med.

.:tt:.~.c::' pUli.mM, stated to be - rin-mM,1 1•.

.qC::af pan.lo v. p.l1i I.

:tt::.'a[l:: pmi.lQri, vertebra(?) S.g.

~. iae &k., an unmeaning sound, fre­quently used in magic spells, on which

subject Milaraspa speaks rather obstrusely.~::;; pad, a large bag or sack, rU$-pad, rdl-

pad, rltid-pad, sack of cotton cloth,goat's hair, yak's hair; pad-l!d, -sked,-mal, the mouth, middle, and bottom of 0.

8&Ck; pad-gdli, a full sack, a sackful; pad­std";, an cmpty sack; tfdd~J1alll, sack-twiue,sMk-cloth; pad-na, \'ery coarse sack-cloth.:'-K" p'an 1. sbst., hanging omaments, lappets'-\ of silk, similar to the decorations of

our tent-cloths, awnings etc., ko.-, &gO',

rduil-p'atl, on pillars, doors, llCams; p'att­rdUfP, a parasol so decornted, S'9'

n. = ria n., gen. in the comhinat.ion offan-cad (Gir. also pa't-ifJd), also pan_Iaor pan, towardS, until: dd-Ci-nas dd-lm pan­Ia dar big 8O.i, from 'but jus~' till 'justnow' a moment has pllSSed, 'l'llgy.; na-ni,;",1W8 do. tkm-lad 10 }.(;ig &On, TlIgy.j ·do.pan·, until now, C.; ... na8 dili-l/a,; pan(-10.) Gir. from ... till now; i!J1-ma pan--

cad.-duo!lr6-hayin, 1 am proceeding towardsthe futurl', TlIgy.; ]km-cad also beyond: ·fhPen -c~~ 1.1d (/0· C. do not go any fartherthan that place; C<:lIl1bined with its contrary(8un: pan-(8un(-dU) grd-ba, to wulk to andfro, thore aud back; to walk pust, frq.;Jk;n-Mm-du pul-ba, to push [,ither audthither, Glr.; pan - (sun m(un - pai rtam,l\ssuranees of mutual friendship, Glr.; Pall­(sun ri:ig-gis rcig-Ia rl-ge l't;J,i-ba, pyagbyM-pa, rnQd-pa b,IJM~pa, mutual corres­pondence, m. greeting8, m. encroachlllent;pan-(lcin sdUr..ba .aibs-pa, to compare withone another, to mix one with the <I,her,Zam.; Tnyu.],nyis-da[l lan-(sull-gyi odra­ba~ !Ji~, t\\'o equal letters (a, Ii etc.) at:\time Gram.: Jlu.l-pd,i-gi ,,[Iram Pa'i-(gim-duon each of the twO shores of lake iVa-pali,Mil.; don Pa".(sun !JWu-ryyu y6d-pa, cor­relative terms, baving reciprocal relation,Gram.: pOlI--(SU't (<lr-bo., to scatter, to dis­perse; pan-(aun.-dl.lfl, u., both parties.

Ill. v. the following articles.

.q~.~t::l.f pan-dil lV. kettle, pot (of tiDned1 copper, the common cooking-vessel

in Tihet and Indio, having the shape ofa broad urn); in C. ·zali8('bu)·, Pm!. and

JId. ...s-f~ (dlgU); pan - cUli, a small

vessel of that kind.

:.:j~q-Jldn-pa I. vb. 10 be useful: de IIihtkJg-la mi jXlfl, that is DO more of

use to me; pan-par mi ofI!IUr, it will beof no use; hu odi:l lid-/a /xin par dka, t1lis80n will hardly he useful to me-, Glr.; pan­par dgu-ba-rnanu, sneh as wish to makethemselves useful, they who are ready toserve, TI'!J!J.; bgrdd-Ia pan, useful for learn­ing to walk, Lt.; l~ad kun-Ia pan-po. yin,that. is good for all diseases, Lt.; 'iai mid­la l,o.n-pa !lIll-paS, because Ihaverecovered,Glr.; ·pan 104·, it has helped, it has gotbetter; ... na pa.~, if ... , then I shall getwell, Glr.; pdn--pa zig grid, recovery mightbe possible, Pt1l.; mi Pall, it is useless, ­hurtful; also: it is not enough, MIl; '!IIi pall­par odM-po. (ams-cad, all the malevolent,DtJman; /M-Ia pan, lit. 'it is a mere en-

pdb-pa

jv ninit of the mouth', i. e. an outward,

temporary enjoyment or advantage; limn-

/'dn -pa and pan- pa yin-pa, adj., useful:

/'iin-pai don, a useful thing, valuable pos-

-ion, frq. ; Inlay nyo&mfat-padai pan-

l>ui ilon //>/, after all it is of no use to

me in my misery, Dzl.; bslab-bya pan-pai

/*/</, a wholesome instructive word, Glr.\

pan-pai yrds, useful advice, Dzl.

II. shst. use. benefit, profit: bstdn-pa-la

p'dn-pa ziy byed-pa, Sty.; pan-ynod-nn'd-

pa, bringing neither profit nor harm, Mil. ;

pan-pa daii bde-ba, p'an-bde happiness and

blessing, very frq.; pan- doys-pa, pan- doys

byed-pa, to be Of use. and adj. profitable,

frq.; pan -toys, profit; pan- toys ce, Thyy.,

*cen-mo*, W., very profitable; ... /a pan</<i>'/ foysyyis, render services to ... in every

way possible! Mil.', pan-yroys a helping

(useful) friend, Pth.; pan-ynod, profit and

loss, pan-bdt v. above; pan-zds, wholesome

diet, Med.; pan-ydn, benefit, blessing, as a

reward for a meritorious action, frq.; pan-

(pai) sems, benevolence, readiness to help.

pub-pa, I. v. bebs-pa.- - II. Sch. :

to fall down (?;.

J>abs, 1. dry barm (prepared for inst.

in Balti, is said to consist of flour,

mixed with some ginger and aconite).

2. lees, yeast (of beer).

5J5J"C|" pdm-pa v. ^dm-pa.

5JQ/ pau v. pay.

par I. sbst. interest (of money), W.:

*nul-la par kdl-ce*, to impose, demand

interest, *cdl-ce*yto pay interest; exchange,

agio.

II. in later writings and col. for /fall.;

also for pan-cad, p'a-zdd: farther; par ^ro-

l)a, to go on; par Okydm-pa, to roam far-

ther and farther, Thyy.; *pe

dr-tsam*, C.,=

par; par Ogro fsur Oyro-ba- mams, people

going, travelling, hither and thither; away,

off: di-nas par, away from here; par mi

mcio, I do not go away, Dzl. 43s,G (<S'/<.

erron. 'to the father'); par bzud, go away!;

. . . la par Ita-ba, to look (in a certain di-

rection) Mil., away from one's self, a-.[.p.

to: ran-riy-eiim-la fsur lt,'i-l,< t , u> look into

one's own heart MH.\ g/w /-<//-./// (ur-tiy

Itn-pa, alternative song. Mil. : /idr-M Mr-slob yin, they are mutually Hcholarti one of

the other, 7V//-.; /// ;r/V/ lnb-na (sur ynyuryol, if you say one word 'towards her', she

gives you smartly a double charge back,

Mil.; p'ar-f.s/'t r-la, W. also *ao-*6r, in op-

posite directions; *i'>ur-fxur-la co-& to se-

parate vb. a.; *</<>-&*, to separate vb. n.

Com p. i'><ir-ka, Tttyy. pdr-ka pd-rol,the opposite side (of a valley &.) vulgo frq.

pdr-nos, id., cui i'<ir-(*iir-yyi-lam.-

l'ir-pyin abbreviation for p'd-rol-tu j

pa v. pd-rol, pa II. Mil. *p'dr-t*am*.

6'.,=

p'a-zdd.-

/tr- dzug and tsur-rgol

prob.= snd-rcol and p'yi-ryol.

-itr-ziiil

pa-zdd.--

par -la, \.=p'ar. away, on-

ward, <Sr///\ 2.= pd-rol- tu, na, esp. with

regard to time : vulgo lo yciy p'dr-la, after

one year; W. esp. after the gerund in na:*zan zos-ne par-la*, after dinner. -

/'<//-

lam, way or journey thither, Sp. ni f.

p'ur-ba, I. l.wild dog (Itarks. and

commits its ravages like the wolf,

yet being afraid of man) in l^d. 'I. wolf

C., also par-spydii. II. v. Qpdr-ba.'

par-rdzih, Sch., an old heir-loom.

5JQT Pa^ !? Ld' 1- *pal cos-se (or te)

step aside! make way!--

*l.*pal-pdl

M-ce*, to feel flattered. II. v. the following.

p<tt-pa > usua'- cofnnio"; ill-p

his usual (common) name,

pdl-pa-las pays-par bzd/i-ba, a more than

ordinary beauty Dzl.\ mi or gan-z>nj j*tl-

pa, common people, Mil.; f&on-p'dl-rnain*

Ix'ir-ro, they left the common tradespeople

behind, Dzl.; /<<//-// rtka* v. Jdl-ba; Mpal-mum*, i-ommon tr<-<--. Mil.; siuxl ///-

pa, common vessels, Mil.: /'<//.tlu- c-om-

mon people; pdl-gyi ndit-na jrnda-pa, to

live among the people Dzl.;ftdl-yyu iyy<ib-

nats ded p'dl-gyis bskor-te, the people run-

ning after and crowding round him. Jth.:

*pdl-(pa^ skad\ I. W. the language of

common life, opp. to *?<fe-*foid*. book-Inn-

jOYJlltnt of the mouth', i. e. 1111 out",'.rd,temporary enjo}'meu~or adVllutRge; henceIJ«n.pa lIud F'm-pu yifl-1Xt., ..dj., uSeful:pin-pai tum, a useful thing, v.luDOIe pos­session, frq.; Muy Hlfl'Il-UldIi8.pu-lat pan.rai don 111M, nfter a.ll it is of no use tolIle In my misery, D:l.; bt.lafJ..byu panflliMy, a wholesome instructh'e word, Gb',;[Hf1I-pai g,*, useful advice, D:I.

II. sb!lt. use, benefit, profit: bt.tdn_pu-lu]Jan..pa !:ig b!J«l-pu, Sty.; j/an-rlllxJ-m(d..pa, bringing neither profit nor btlI'm, Mil.;id,t-pa dati b&-Iw, pall-bdi happiness andblessing, vel')' frq.; ,Hm-odog8,pfl,Jhm-oddg,byid-pa, to be of use, nnd ndj. profitable,frq.; pan-(dg8, profit; filii-fOgs Ct, TJlf/Y',-lm-nl(l·, W, very profitable;.,. ia liang(/li fOg8 fl'Ju, render services to , , . in e\'erywn)' JlOi:lsible! Mil.; rJan-'flrog8 n. helping(useful) friend, Plh.; p'an-mOd, profit nndloss, p'ulI..Jxli v. nbo\'e; pim.zd8, wholesomediet, Med.; pan_yJn, benefit, blessing, l1S n.I"(lWllrd for a. meritorious action, frq.; p«n­(pm') 'Will, benevolence, readiness to help,

:t.:::j":J' jidb.pa, I. v. belA-pu, - II. Seh,.-to fall down (?),

.q.:::j'~' ,iab', 1. dry barm (prepared for insl.in Bn.lti, is said to consist of Dour,

mixed with some ginger lind neonite). ­2. lees, yeast (of beer).

=4~':J' Iftbn-pa v. oP'dm-pa.

~'liau v. paf/'~

:t" parI. !lbst interest (of money), W:.­·'iUl-la p'al' kdi-clt, to impose, demand

interest, "cdl-c~·, to pay intere3t; eXChange,agio.

II, in Inter writings and col. for Po II.;"Iso for pall.~tid, Jfa-::dd: farther; par "grd­ba, to go on; par JYU1Il-pa, to roam flU'­tlier and fartller, Thgy.; "lidr-tJam-, C" ­Va"; p'ar ,,'1''0 f!lur o!f"6-ha-"IIWIIlI, peoplegoing, tra\'elling, lIither lind thitlier; away,off: di-na!l pal', IIWIlY from here; p«r 1/Iimcio, I du not go aWII)', D:I. .({Q, G (&/1,erroll. 'to tile fatller'); par b:lld, go nway!;... la p'al' lta-ba, to look \in a certain di-

..,rec:tiou) Mil., away from one', sell, A' 01'11.to: rati-rig.,;,,~{a t,"r Itti.../xl, to look iol.oone's own heart Alii.; giu pur-HfJ f"'r-NgUn-pa, aUemative song, Mil. j pdr..JoJJ (...,..,lob yin, tile)' l\tC lllllhlall)' KIIOI.N One ofthe other, Tal'.; ,iar rCifJ MirNa t".r (ll!i~

rgol, if )'011 say une word 'to"'-lI.rds Iler', Ahegives yOIl smartly a double c1lnr~ Lack,AliI.; Tifir-f!llir.la, IV. lllso _ -to..&r, in 0p­

posite directions; ·,l/tr-t,ler_la Co-i:It to &eo­

parnte vb, II.; -rlo-a-, to lepcarate yb. n.Comp, par-~a, 7"'9Y' ,iur.l..a _ zid-rol,

the opposite side (of a \'alley &.) YlIlgo frq.- pur-lim, id, Cui liar-t'itr-gyi-lam. ­Fa"-p'yill IIbbre\'illtion for pa-rol-tu !,'yill.­pa v, ,id·roI, ,fa 11, Mil. - "par-lMlm",C., - lJa-zUd. - jlm'-odzUfj aud tmr-rg6lprob, _ ,;,ti-r!,ol IUId liyi-I'f;ol. - par-zdtl- Jia-zdd, - p'dr·la, I. _ par. away, on·ward, &'11'. 2,'" id-rol. Iu, nu, esp. "itIJregard 1.0 lime: vulgo to rHfJ ]idr-Ia, Itfteraile yellr; IV. esp. after the gerund in II/U:

"zan zo,-n~ Jiar-Ia-, Il.fler dinner. - pur­lam, way or journey thither, Sp, lli f.:t~.:::j" Jitlr-ba, J. l.wild dog (harks, l\D.d

CQmmits its m\'IR<lS lilce the wolf,yet being llfrnid of 11I110) in IA. - 2. \\'olfC, also ptlr-tJpyu,i. II. v. .,pUl'--ba,

.:.t~£~r par-nlz/is, &J.., an old heir-loom.

.q~' pal, I.? IA. 1. -jlaUo,-81(or t~) dllg-,step aside! make way! - 'I.. ",kIl-Jkif

cd-c~·, to feet flattered. II. v.lllll follo",·ing.

~~.:r pdl-pu, usual, common; lial-P(ll' ,..ili,his usulI.l (common) DlUDt', TItgr.;

pdl.p«-ltu Jiag...par b::rUi.oo, Q, mort,l thanordiulr}' beaut)' D:l.; "Ii or 911';-z';y!;'U.pa, common )Jeople, MiL; tilOlO-p.1I.r1IUlfubQNVJ, the)' left the common tradespeoplebehind, D:l.; ,ml-pai M=tU ,'. Jdl-ba; ~ili

!idl·rlllwu, comnlOn treN, NiL; IIWlI,:o.I­pa, common veMCIs, Mil.; pal, the COUl­

lllon l>oople; tifil-gyi IIUli-lf" Tlld.·J'll, to

livenmong the people D::l.;l1dI-tJYil 'Y!JU1rfUllS ded Jidl-gyi, ("J:dI'-t" tlte people run­uing after nnd ero.....dillg nlwld LLim, 1"'.:"pal-(pal) dad', I. 11'. \LLe language ofcommon life, 01'1" tll -"Mf-,Iwtr, hook·lllll-

"

pal-can

342

guage (C. *dl-ke'*}. 2. Sch. : rough-copy,

waste-book; pdl-po- (6s. also -wo) ce, a host,

a troop ;mi-radd pal-po-ce zig, a troop or

set of monsters (v. rgod-pa II.); gen. like

01 nolloi, the mass of the people, majo-

rity, great part or number; pal-ce-ba id. -

pal-cen, a philosophers' school, called Ma-

hasanghika. pal -cer, manifold, for the

most part, ordinarily, also = universally ; pal-

cer co-nes Odegs-so, they raised a general

lamentation Dzl.

pal -can W., broad, wide, e.g. a

broad valley; pal-med, narrow.

pas, instrum. of pa, I. by the father;

v. also pas-spun, sub spun. II. of the

opposite side, of the counter-party, e.g. pas

rgol-ba.

jr- pi, 1. num. figure 44. 2. W. for pyi,

pi-pa for pyi-pa."

pi-ker (Urdu jCs, Ar. reflexion) W.

*can pi-ker med* = can mi sto it is no mat-

ter, it makes no difference.

"

pi-lin v. under ryya.

'

pig-pig, a kind of jelly 6'.

pin, Sch.: 1. earthen -ware pitcher.-

2. cup, cupping-glass. 3.

, door-hinge.

pin-pa v. C;-q-

W.: sgo-

v.

*

pir-ba, *pir-ce* W. to fall down.

5f jw numerical figure: 74.

jtra,I. sbst. 1. the upper part of an as-

^cending valley or ravine

; pu bar mdo

(or mda), the upper, middle, and lower

part of such a valley ; pu-cu, mountain-tor-

rent, frq.; pur ma Ogro, pu yd-gir ma ^gro,

Glr., do not go to the upper part of the

valley; pu-lhdgs, higher situated and colder

places or districts, opp. to rgya-sod, lower

and milder parts. The not unfrequent

phrase: pu-fdg ycod -pa or cod -pa was

traced by our Lama to its original mean-

ing: the upper part of the valley is shut

5J H pu-bo

up (with snow etc.), which is now used in

a general sense; Krul-bai pu-t'dg cod, Mil.,

prob. shut out all error, prevent every mis-

take! pu-fag-cod-lugs-kyi cos sig, Mil. seems

to be an instruction for making a decision;

na rgds-pa dan sems kyi pu-fdg cod-pas

^gro-ba mi yon -bar Odug, prob.: I beingold and my spiritual affairs settled (not call-

ing for further improvement), shall prob-

ably not travel any more (to India; but

you may do so) Mil. cf. pugs. pii-pa,

the inhabitant of an elevated valley. Fig. :

pu yyo mda dkrug, there is agitation above

and below, the higher and the lower fa-

culties of the mind are troubled, excited,

Mil. - - 2. prop. n. Pu, e. g. a village in

Upper Kunawar, missionary station of the

Church of the United Brethren. 3. vulgo

the spirit or gaseous element of liquors, caus-

ing them to foam, effervesce or explode,

cf. dbugs; perh. to be referred to no. II.

II. interjection and imitative sound: puOdebs-pa Glr., *pu gydb-ce* W., to make

pooh, to blow, to puff, to inflate; pu skon,

puff it up (the skin etc.), lit.: fill it with

pooh! pus, with the breath; pus Odebs-pa

Sch. to blow, howl, cry(?); sna-rtsa-pu, n.

of a disease, /./.

f.rr* pu-dun, also pu-fun Glr., pu- run

^-^> 6s., sleeve; *pu-rdzus* C. (false slee-

ves), pu-dun- (or -fun-} rtse (sleeve-edges)

hand-ruffles; mittens, cuffs (to keep the wrist

warm).

pu-dud, honour, respect, esteem; pu-dud-du byed-pa, Glr., pud-du fcur-

ba, S.g., to show honour, respect.

-H- pu-ba, pf. of Obud-pa, to blow,

col.

used for the latter.

pu-bo, po-bo, {Sch. also pun),a man's elder brother : pu-nu,

the elder and the younger, i. e. the two

brothers; also the elder and the youngersons (for examples refer to tsan-ddn); in

the passage of Dzl %<S, 14, nu ought to

be canceled, and pu-nu -mo, AS, 6. 9.

should be translated by sister-in-law, pu-

grds, Sch., the elder brothers, dub.

342

guage (C. ·(ril·U-). 2. &h.: Nlugh-copy,waste-book; p'al.po- (u. also -mo) (i, a host,a troop; mi-rfJOd p'al-po-'& zig, a troop orset of monsters (v.Tgdd-pa JI.); gen. likeoj 7ln}.lol, tbe mass of the people, majo­rity, great part or IIl1mber; lJaI-u-ba id. ­pal-lhl, a philosophers' seliGol, Cltlled :Ma­blls:lnghika. - pal_ leT, manifold, for themost part, ordinarily. also = universally; p'al­l.!r co....;h odig6-SQ, they raised a generallamcDtlltion Dzl.=<r...f.~. r'al-cull lV., broad, wide, e,g. a.

broad valley; pal-med, narrow.=.f~' [ku, iustrum. of pa, J. by the father;

\-, nho p'as-apim, sub 8pull. TI. of theopposi1e side, of the counter-party, e.g. p'asrg6!-{m..q. pi, 1. Dum. figure 44. - 2. IV. for p!Ji,

pl-p" for #.Jli)(t." ' .:FTJ~' pi-krr (Urdu A, Ar. rellexion) w:-ca'; p'i-J.er me<!' _ cClli mi sw it is DO mat·tel', it makes no difference.~~

=.ft:l.,ll:,' pj.lbi v. under ·Iyya.

ffq';9' JlI[n'ig, a kind of jelly C.

~. pili, Sell.: I. eartllen·ware pitcher.-2. cup, cupping.glass. - 3. w.: ·8flo.

pili·, door-hinge.

~·tr pili"l'a Y. Sl::tl'; ~'.q-, !lc'3.-~'

, ~'1tr

!f.::.:::r p'ir..ba, ·pir..J:e- W: to fall down.

~ rJu nllmt'rical 6gnre: 74.

~ flu, I. sbst. 1. tile upper part of an as-cending valley or ravine; rJu ba,· mdo

(or mda), the upper, middle, and lowerpurt of such a valley; pu./!u, mountain·tor·rent, irq.; flur 11Ia of/ro, flu ya-gir flW of/ro,Gll'., do not go 10 the upper part of tiJevaney; jJu-Uui[j8, higher situated and colderplaces or districts, 0PI). to rgya.ldd, lowerand milder pllrts. The not unfrequentphl'llSe: pu • (ag rrod· pa or &kl- 1'a wastraced by our I...uma to its original mean·ing: the upper part of tiJe yaney is slmt

up (with snow etc.), which is now used ina general sense; ~'rUl-bai pu.{dy &xl, Mil.,prolJ. shut out all error, prevent every mis-­mke!pu·(<<g-COd.lug•./.·yi 'tosA(q, Mil. seem"to be IIIl instruction for making It decision;'ia rgu,.pa dal' 8bn8 kgi pu..(u[J Md-pa&o!1rd.lm mi "!I,M-bal' odug, prob.: I beingold and my spiritualaffnirs settled (not call­ing for furthex improvement), shall prob­ably not trovel any more (to India; butyou may do so) Mil. cr. r!u[J8. - pu·pa,the inhabitant of an elevnted valley. Fig.:flu fYO mda d/.T'Ug, tLere is agitation auo\'cand below, the higher and the lower fa·clilties of the mind are tronbled, excile(J,Mil. - 2. prop. Il. Pu, e. g. a village inUpper Kunawar, missionary stiltion of theChurch of the United Brethren. - 3. yulgotile spirit or gaseous element of liquors, caus­ing them to fOIl.Dl, effervesce or explode,cr. dlntg.; perh. to be referred to no. n.

II. interjection and imitative soun(J: puod~-]la Glr., .pu !I!Iub-i:e" IV., to makepooh, to blow, to pLrtf, to inflate; pu ,.l;",;.puff it up (the skin etc.), lit.: fill it withpooh! pia, with the breath; pus odlba-pa&h. to blow, howl, cry (1); sna.rtsa--im., n.of a disease, Lt..:.J'-I:,' rJu·dU,i, abo ziu·((u' Glr., pu.,-lili'<OJ {;'s., sleeve; "jiu...,YlzUs" C. (false slee·ves), rJu-dim· (or .(wi-) rise (sleeve-edges)ltand-ruffles; mittens, cuffs (to keep the wristwarm).

~::;:::;.' Jlu-dud, 1I0nour, respect, esteem; flu·.... dlid-du byM.pa, Glr.• jJUd.du ~'Ur·

ba, S.g., to show honour, respett.

~:::r Jill-ba, pf. of obUd-pa, to blow, col.used for the latter.

~:::.r ~~ ,m.oo, jld-bQ, (Sell. also Jnl1l),, a mlln\ elder brother: jm...,lu.

the elder and the younger, i. e. the LIYO

brothers; aiM the elder and the youngersons (for examples refer to fsan-ddn); inthe passage of D:::l ~ 14, nu ought tobe can~led, lIlId /fu.-mi.,IlO, V..s, G. n.should be translated by sistel··in-law. jJu­grd8, Seh., the elder brothers, dub.

pu-r<'.n

Ml

Pu ~ ron Mh'i j'wg-t'on, (*pur-g6n*

vulg.) pigeon: f!n-i-i>n-</i/i ///// /-%A.;

puy-xki/<i Mi. it a light blue colour, like

pigeons.

Ztf'OJ* 2foj' pu-la, po-la 1A. (from the

Turkish), pilaw, a dish of boil-

ed rice, with butter and dried apricots.

hoopoe.

pii-se, mouse, SOUSlik and similar ro-

dent quadrupeds (cf. bra).

puff, 1. =pugs. 2. = slugs, pug-pa;

Igdn-pug-gaii, the bladder, in reference

to its capaciousness, S.g.; m)e pug-tu nub,

the penis recedes into its cavity, Wdn. ; the

eye of a needle, Lt. - - 3. pf. and imp. of

Obug-pa. 4 = pub Schr. 5. for pug-

ron, q.v.

pug-pa, cavern; brag-piig, rock-ca-

vern, grotto; gad-pug, cavern in a

steep river-bank, or in conglomerate; dben-

pug, the solitary cavern of an anchorite,

Ma.; pug-pa-pa, n. of an astronomer of

the 15th. century, v. pdd-ma; pug-rtsis,and likewise pug -lugs Wdn., his calcula-

tions.

T pug-ron v. p'u-ron.

pug-*ub-se-le (?) W., hoopoe;

perh.=

pu-sud, which occa-

sionally is also spelled p'u-ysud

/%()> (cognate topu; also %y-pa and sbuys), end, termination;

pug-mda-fug-pai lon-ka, the entrails, the

beginning and end of which lie close to-

gether, Mil. (mda, \. under pu) ; innermost

part, an innermost apartment, = sbitgs; pugs-

kyi nor v. sgo init.; perh. also piig-gi spa-

rim ltd-bu Glr. 45, 4 may be referable to

this meaning, sems-kyi pugs -fag rW-yw.s

bde, happy (am I), because the final aim

of my mind is decided and settled, Mil..

evidently=

pu-fag cod-pa, the former being

perh. etymologically more correct. Simi-

larly: bu fse Odii bio -pugs cos -la ytdd-cig

Mil., may the boy direct the aim of his

mind for this life unto religion!- Time

to come, futurity, (opp. to Opral, the present

moment); pugs-su, pugs-na, hereafter, at

last, ultimately (Mi. always?); jwg+ii<'///,"//, how \\ill it .nil;' \\hat \iill U- the

final issue? (ilr.

i'mg*-ta, }ty*-ta, jx>g-t<i, W. (/>n.

iJiJcJ), firm, strong, durable; j>uy-

ta bteemx, sew it well (BO that it will hold)!

pun-pa v. pun-pa.

pb"-po, 1. heap; jmn-por *pun-ba,Lex. also bcbr-ba, to gather into a

heap; nds-pui>, rtsd-puii, lud-puh, sd-pun,a heap of barley, hay, dung, earth: mass.

me-mur-gyi puit-po, a glowing mass a mass

of fire; sprin-puii, clouds, a gathering of

clouds Glr. ; )'nyer-mai puii-po (the kin

becomes) a heap of wrinkles, Ttigy.\ the

body is called mi-ytedit-ba rndm-pa sna-

fsogs-kyi puh-po, dug y&um-gyi pun-po.

pai pun-po, zin-pai pun-po, Thgy.\ accu-

mulation, mass, bsod-nams-kyi, co*-kyi, e.g.

cds-kyi pun-po &, the whole mass of

the 1*4 000 religious lectures of Buddha (!)

Mil. -- 2. In metaphysics: *$*}, the so-

called five aggregates ('*.) or elements of

being, viz. yzugs, fs6r-ba, Odu-ses, Odu~bi/>'t.

rnam-ses, (v. Kopp. I. 602, and esp. Burn.

I. 475 and 511), which in the physical pro-

cess of conception unite, so as to form a

human individual or the body of a man.

(pun-po Itia-las </nift-fKti///.s H <//}.)

whirh

by some of the later and more popular wri-

ters is itself called jiun-po. Sn \\\\^ word,

as being synonymous to ///, has found its

way into the language of the people, and

not in a low sense, in as much as one of

our Christian converts used the expression:

ye-sui pitii-po dur-/<nri-nf zens. 3. Syml.num. for 5.

T l>uit-ba v.

pud, sbst. I. (v. jn/-;>a, pf. //</),

thing set apart. iiM-d partirnlarly of

the first-fruits of tin- lirKl, as a iu-:u- or

drink-offering, in various applications: za-

cdii-tli i'nnlmeat- and drink-offering Glr.;

tog-pud, lo-pud, an offering of tlu- tir>t-

1'ruits oi harvest; sriut-pud id., oon-isting

of ears of corn, wound round a pillar of

•~ p.-Nht PtA., JiugO'rd'l, C-Pu,.-g6Il·~·ulg.) pigeon; lftl..ro,.-gyi.Yw J'rA.;

l~yti &11. of a light blue eoloar, likeIllgeon...... q :fi"-r i_-la, #-14 Ld. (fronl the

, TlI.rmh), pilaw,adishofboil.ed nee, with buller and dried apricots.

~1\. ,'-'WJ ....p...... it Pi-e, mom, souslik lind imilar ro­

dellt qUAdrupeiJs (d. bra)'"Fr p.,g, 1. - p.g.. - 2. _lbugt, p..g-fHl:

l!Jdit.,N!HJt1.ti, the bladder, in «fereneeto its (apaciou'"1les5, S.y.; m)e ~g-tu ,wll,the penis recedes into its cavity, n'dll.; theeye of a needle, lA. - 3. pf. and ilnJl. of.'1I/.g-1'a. - 4 - pub ScAr. - 5. for Purr1'1»1, q.v.~=lfq' pUO'p(l, cavern; llrag-]hio, rock-cn-

vern, grotto; !JfJd-]Jufl, CA\'ern in nsk>ep river-bank, or in conglomerate; dht".1m!J, the solitary ca,'ern of lUl anchorite,Ma.; Pflg-pa~p", n. of an astronomer ofthe 15th. ceotury, v. pad.m«; pug.rfI,i"Ilnd like"ll'ise INf/-lufJ' IVdti., Ilis calcula.tions..

~~ Fu!l-rYm \', Ptt-ron."'''I""F.it~ p.g~ (') 11"., ' ..poe;'0..... perb. _ pw.jlkl, "II'hidl occa­sionally is "Iso spelled p.-riwd~ . Jiug('), (cognate lOp.; A1~.""fI"

pa :md .bvfll), end, termination;p.,r-.!u.-filg-pai lo..-hJ, tbe entrails, thebeRinoing "nd end of wbich lie dose to~

~ther, Mil. (frlda. v. under ftM): innermostpart, an innermost apartment, -mgt; pNOI­!yi 'lOt' v, "JO init.; perh. also JI'ug-gj .pa­rim ltd·llK, Gir. 45, 4 may be refer"ble totbis Dlcnning. Ihl~-J.yi P'U!I" (Uf/ &c/']!U,M" h"llIly (11m I), because the finnl aimof m)' min(l is decided Ilolld settled, Mil..evidenlly - J>u-(uf/ '£od..pa, the forlller beingperh. elpuologicaH)' more correct,. Simi­larly: bu (u .die" bltJ.pugt co.·la yldd-iigMiL, mA)' the boy direct the .inl of Jli~

mind for this life IlDIo religiou! - Timeto tome, futurity, (opp. to J\"ul, the Iltesentnloment); p;.g. ...., PfUJI'-? hereafter, at

lut. ultimately (&.l .I••y,?);~ .dnt"'.J ..a", bo..· "'ill it f:Qd? .laat "ill be tbefin.l i:.sue? GI,..

~ ~:'UJ.l~tU, ,,-UJ. W. (J'trf.~ firM, stront. .......; P"9r­

la btIttIU, sew it well (10 tltal it will bold)!

.r::,'.::r pwit.pa Y. pit.."..

~.::r ""'-po, 1. he." "0"1"" "'"~Lu. also bM--ba, to gather into a

!leap; .d..,;vi>, rUd..p.A, lWd-]1tui, .a-p.u.,• heap of barley, Ilay, dang, earth; mall,

"_Itr-gyi P;,';-IIO, "glowing 01_ • 10"

of fire; ']";Il.puli, elouds, • gatbering ofdouds Gir.; J'1Iyk.'lIIai pilil.p<J (tile .kinbecomes) a heAp of wrinkles, Thg!J.; thebouy is CnUeu mi-yu/lil-ba ,.,ldni-1Ja .ntI­(~-J.yi piui'po, dll!! y'uJlI"f!yi IM,j-llO,jig­pai p.ili.po, ::in.paj ]{f,Il·PO, 'l'l'!I!1.; accu·mulation, mus, baod-nam..'..yi, co.-J.'Yi, e.~.

co.-lyi ]lil;'.po L,~, the ""hole mll.8C oftile ~4 000 religious Jecturts of Buddha(!)~/il. - 2. In met.pby~ics: ~, the so­called five aggregates «(t.) or elements ofbeing, viz. y::..ga., 66NJu, .d,,-Mt,~,r'ftom...ih, (Y. A·opp. J. GO-J, .od el>JI. B_1. 475 aDd 51l), which in tbe phfl!'ieall'tO­cess of eonception unite, 80 as to forlll •hu~lIoIl indh·ldu.1 or the body of. man,(};,,,i-po bia-/().1 ~b-l1t1i Iw. Utili.) whtebby some of the later and ruOt(! poplliar .ri·tel'll is iw.lf called Jwli-.po. • lbi5 word,IS being SyOOOylUOOj lO IQ, hIlS fOWltl itl;WAy into Ille Jangu.ge of the peork, .lIdnot in a 10"'1 $('.Il'"e, in as Dluch liS one ofour Christian converts used the e~J1reo;.stnn:

!fNtli puit-po dwr-lH';·1I' ,!or,.,. - 3. S)"l'lb.nurn. for 5.

f)::.:r /iu,i.fJa v. r.l,s=:::r ./w,i-!J".

::r' pu,~ sb~t. J. (\'. J{,j,I.J'a, Ilf'I'"ul), a~"'\ thing set apart. Il'~ I'.rtit'liharl,. ofthe first.-fnlits of tile field, 11$ a lllCl't- orurink-olf.. riu,;, in \·.,.ious application : :al­

lti"""!fi littd 1Ut'at.- alld t1rink-offerin~ GIr.;(69-p"'~ 10.}"',1, lUI olferinj.; of the first­fruiu 01 hanCO't; .......,Jwl id., con.i tingpf Cal'll of QOrD. 'II'ouD<! round a piUar uf

344

the house; ban -pud, first-fruit offering of

the barn; rdo-pud, sd-pud, an offering of

stones or earth, when a house is built, these

materials then being used for manufacturing

images of gods, Glr.; initiatory present, e.g.

the first produce of a work, that has been

committed to one Glr. (so, according to cir-

cumstances, it may be as much as a spe-

cimen) ;in a general sense, a thing done for

the first time; bdg-mai pud, prob the first

cohabitation. II. for pu - dun and pu-

dud, q.v.

'^T pud-pa, I. pf. of Jbud-pa.

II. 6s. sbst. 1. spindle covered with yarn.- 2. hair-knot, tuft of hair; pud-can, being

provided with such a one.

1. adj. perfect, com-

plete, possessing every requisite quality, e.g.

dgon-pa, a hermit's dwelling; excellent, CX-

quisite, distinguished, e.g. ro, taste, bsnyen-

bkur, distinctions, marks of honour Mil.,

nor dan lons-spyod Doman ;adv. dge-ba bcu

pun-sum-tsogs-par spyod-pa, DzL, to prac-tise the ten virtues to perfection. 2. sbst.

perfection, excellence, superior good, frq.;pa-

rol-poi pun-sum-fsogs-pa-la cdgs-pa to covet

the excellent things which another posses-

ses, Thgy. 3. pun-fsogs, frequent name

for males and females.

5jq- pub1. shield, buckler, Glr., of a con-

^ vex shape, with the rim bent round;ko-

pub, a leather buckler; pub-subs, the cover

of a buckler, 6s.; pub-kyi me-lon, the centre

of the shield, 6s. 2. v. the following.

|" pub-pa, pf. of Obub-pa.

pub-ma, short straw; pub-ma zig, a

small stalk, a bit of chaff; *pub-matdb-ce or tab tdn-ce*, to fan, to winnow;

pub-ldir 6s., chaff; gro-pub, wheat-straw.

T pum-pum, posterior, anus Pfh.

1. v. pu -- 2. v. Opur-ba. 3. v.

pur-pa.

pur-pa, peg, pin, nail; rtsig-pur Schr.,

*pur-ca or sa* (?) Ld., a peg on a

pey-rdob

wall, to hang up things ; Icdgs-pur, iron nail;

sin-pur, wooden peg ; pur-rnyi v. rnyi, pur-bzi brkydn-ba to fasten the hands and feet

of a culprit to four pegs driven into the

ground, when he is to undergo the punish-ment of the rkyan-sin, v. rkyoh-ba. 2. iron

instrument in the form of a short dagger,used for expelling evil spirits, and fancied

to possess great power, Schl. 257; sd-p'ur

Odebs-pa, to stick such a dagger into the

ground, whereby the subterranean demons

are kept off; fig. mig pur-fsugs-su ltd-ba

Glr., to look at one with a piercing glanceof the eye ;

*lha-la sol-wa pur-tsug-tu Qdeb-

pa* 6'., to implore a god very earnestly.

pur-bu 1. = pur-pa', the usual form of in-

cantation is : pur-bus yddb-bo, fo-bas brdun-

ho, pydg-rgyas mndn-no! 2. (yza) pur-bu,the planet Jupiter; its day: Thursday.

J^*n* pur-ba, Sch.: to emboss; pur-ma or

Obur-ma, relief work, embossment. -

2. to scratch, v. Opur-ba ; mgo-pur, n. of a

disease Lt.

pur-bu, \. under pur-pa.

pur-ma, v. piir-ba. --2. pye-mai

pc

ur-ma, a decoration resembling a

flag.

5j;^'s*r pur-mo, a medicament Wdn.; pur-tdl? S.ff.

5TOJ* Pul 1- a handful, also pul-gdn, e.g. of^

corn, DzL, beer Lt. (in which case

=skyor). --2. end? only in the phrase:

pul-tu pyin-pa, to reach the highest degree,

to be victorious, to have the better of an

argument; yi-gei sgrd-la pul-tu pyin, he has

finished his studies in grammar, Glr. ; mJcds-

pai pul-tu pyin-par gyur-to, he became a

great scholar, Pth.;also pul-(tu) byun(-ba},

accomplished, perfect, eminent S.g. ; p. n. =

a-ti-sa. 3. piil-can, thick = *rom-po* Ld.

5jrs^"^'pul-ba v. Opul-ba and Obid-ba.

%* pe 1. W. for pye\ pe-ku-lig, key. --2.

num. figure: 104.

Pe ~ rafl) Pa ~ ran J Feringhi,

Europeans, 6.

&3 peg-rdob v. under peb-pa.

.,.the house; bdli-Jlud, first-fruit offering ofthe barn; j'dd-pud, so-Jiud, an offering ofstones or earth, when ll. house is built, thesematerials then being used for wanufaduringimages of gods, Gfr,; initiatory present, e.g.the first produce of a work, that has beencommitted Ie one Glr. (so, according to cir­cumstances, it Illlly be as much as a spe­cimen); in a genernl sense, a thing done forthe first time; bdg-mai iud, prob the firstcohabitation. - II. for Pu -duri lind pu­dud, q.v.

~':;"'J' [fud-pa, 1. pf. of obitd-pa.

IT. c,. sbst. 1. spindle covered with yarn.- 2. hair.knot, tuft of hair; l'nid-eUlI, beingprol'ided with such II one.

~~("'''r;£iq"'"(tl") ,"m(-~,,)-"dg(-I")'" I. ad,. perfect, tom·

plete, possessing C\'cry requisiw quality, e.J;.d[j6n_pa, a hermit's dwelling; excellent, ex­quisite, distinguished, e.g. ro, taste, bsll!Jffl..hI.'ur, dislinctions, marks of honour Mil"nor dail 100i'-!]J,Vod Doman; ndv. dge.ba bmpun-runl<-Mgs-par ,pyOd-pa, D::L, to vrac­lil>e the len "irlues 10 perfection. - 2, sbst.perfection, excellence, superior good, frq.; pa­rOl-poi run-4Um-(,Qrj8-pa-Ia i:ags-pa to co"etthe excellent thinKS which another possell­$eS, Thg!l. - 3. j'mn-u6g', frequent namefor males and females.

::1.q' Pub J. shield, buckler, GIr., of a con-ve.~ share, witbthe rim bent round; ko­

liub, a leather buckler; pAulA, lhe coverof a huckler, u.; ftUb-kyi lIul-lon, the centreof the shield, C8. - 2. v. the fol1owinK.

~.q'q' l'iUb-pa, pf. of obub-pu.

~.::::r~r liub-mu, short straw; pub-lII(1 zig, l\

small slalk, a bit of chaff; ·pub-rnatdb-ce or lab tali-~e·, 10 fan, to winnow;p'ub-ldir C,., chaff; grrJ-jlub, wheat-stmw.

~~r::1.J.l· pUlll-rum, posterior, anus Pth.

~".' p'ur I. ". l!U - 2. v. oPur-bll. - 3. v.pur-pa. ..

~".q' pur-pa, peg, pin, nail; 1'(,ig-pur 8thr.,·pur-eu or $a. (?) Ld., 3,~g ony

wall, to liang up things; lCdflS-Pur, Iron nail;Uri.p·UI', wooden peg; p'ul'-rnyi v. I'1Iyi, pur­bZi bl'kya,j-ba to fasten tbe hands and feetof a culprit to four pegs driven into theground, when be is to undergo the punish­ment of the I'kyaif-Jiif, v. j·kyoil-ba. 2. ironinstrument in the fOfln of a short dagger,used for expelling evil spirits, aDd faD.ciedto POSselS great power, &1d. 257; .d-flurodebs-pa, to stick such a dagger into theground, whcreb}' the subterranean demonsare kept off; fig. mig ftur-6uflS-8u ltd·baGlr., to look at one wilh a piercing glanceof the eye; ·lha-la wI-lea pur-t8ug-tu odib­pa· C., to implore a god very earnestly.pur-bu 1. = p'ur-pa; the usual form of in­cnntalion is: p'ur-/w.$ yddb-bo, (d-!xu brduii­,io, pyag-rg1JO.' mnan-no! 2. (rza) pur-bu,the planet Jupiter; its day: Thursday.:.J':::·.cr J!ur-lx:, 8th... 10 emboss; pur-ma or"'" oMI'-ma, relief work, emboSlmenl ­2. to scratch, v. op'UI'-ba; 1II90-J'!ur, n. of a.disease Lt.

~~Er pur-1m, v. under pur-pa.

~':::'.J.l' p'UNIl(l, ". pin·-bu. - 2. pye-maip'ur-ma, a decoratiGn resembling ~

flaK·~~a;f p'ur-nl(J, a medicament lVdn.; pur_

rat! S.y.=J1'l.l' pul I. a handful, also iul-S(hi, e.g. of"'" corn, DzL, beer Lt. (in which case... 'kyor). - 2. end? only'in the phrase:[hil-tu pyin_ptl, to reach the highest degree,to be victorious, to have the better of anargument; yi-gel 3grd-la plil-tu pyil/, he hasfinished his studies in grammar, Gll'.; rnlld8­]lui pul-tu pyil/-par g!Jur-lo, he became II

great scholar, PM.; Il:lso }hIl-{tu) byiui(·ba),accomplished, perfect, eminent S.g.; p. n. ­u-ti-.ia. - 3. pul-can, thick - ·rJm-po· £d.

~r...r.q·pUl.ba ". oPUl-lJa and ohUl-ba.

q' Fe l. lv. for P!J6; pt-leu-Iig, key. - 2.Qum. figure: 104.

:r~' :r~' ]ie-l'dli, tfa.- I'ali, Feringhl,, Europeans, C.

if ·"!fl·ftg.rdMJ v. under' a.,

345

/" (/- /'" W. for/'I/.-, I, /'//<

/<; /"

'/-

' /W v. pyad-pyad.

)/>-}>a, 1. pf. p^s, resp. to go ^'. ; to

come ( . and W.; also cd<y (or pydg}-

peb-pa; scarcelyinancientlit.,but Glr., /V//.,

Mil. ; *nyi-rdh-la p'cb-loii ydd-na* W ., if youhave time to come;

*<o-nd yhd-le peb* C.,

well, good bye! *dha sd-hib peb*, id. in

speaking to a European; caff peb zu nan

\. sndn-ba I. extr.; ptb-par smrd-ba Schr.,

to salute; Sch. also: to speak politely (??);

ptb-par pdg-pa, Sch., to rise gracefully, to

walk decently (?); peb-sgo Itar Sch.: 'ac-

cording to the given order', but cf. Ogro-

sgo Itar under sgo 3; peb-rdog-pa 'to tramp

arrival', to go to welcome a high Lama or

other honoured person on his arrival with

dance and music C., Lexx.', Cs. however

mentions peg-rdob as a musical instrument,

'a small brazen plate for music', and in

%. the same word occurs along with sil-o

bsnydn. 2. for Jbab; so it seems to be

used, Lt. : fur-du mi pebs ; po-bar mi pebs,

it won't go down his throat.

per-ba to be able Mil. nt., cf. also

dod', Cs.: 'to become, to be fit' etc.

5J* po I. num. figure: 134.

II. man, opp. to woman, male, po lo

liid-bcu-pa, men of the age of fifty (opp.

to bit-mo lo-gnyis-ma) .A/a.; po mcor-po, a

handsome man (opp. to bud-mid mcdr-mo')

Pth.; as a pleonastic apposition to the pers.

pron., like mi, Mil.; common in C.:*po-iiu*,

I (masc.)= K6-bo ; esp. in reference to ani-

mals: male, he (ass), cock (bird), Dzl. and

elsewh.;as apposition to the names of do-

mestic animals when castrated : po-rtd, geld-

ing; rd-po, a castrated he-goat. po-skyes,

man, male person, I't/i. -po-gos, man's

dress, man's coat; po-cds, Mil. id. (?)-

po-cen Wts., Sch., gelding.--

po-to Bal.,

stallion. po-rtdgs 1 . Physiol.= po-mfsdn.

2. G-ram.: sign for the masculine gender,

Cs. po-ndd, I. W. andromany, inordinate

desire after men. 2. v. p6-ba. po-md, manand woman, men and women, male and

female; po-mo med, no difference of sex

exists. *po-(<-' ttal., male sex. po-m(*an,membrum virile, man's yard, esp. the penis;the rather vague expression po-mhdn (or

po^rtdgs} bcdd-pa is asserted to apply not

to castration (5c/ir.), but only to circum-

cision (which, however, is not generallyknown in Tibet, Mussulmans being found

only in some of the larger cities of the

country). po-yan Sch. and po-ran Cs.,

po-hran C., an unmarried mau. */XMI'*

W., *po-re* C. a male kid. --po-lhd, I.

tutelary deity of a man's right side (ni f.)

Git: '2. Cs.: Sir, as polite address. (Ob-servation: The circumstance of the conso-

nants of the alphabet and the prefix-letters

being divided by Tibetan grammarians into

masculine, feminine and neuter, is of no

practical moment: careful investigations on

that head have been made by Schiefner and

Lepsius).

III. v. po-so.

po-gyog Sch. (perh. po-gyd v. gyo-

mo), hollow tile.

<*">less frq. po-nya-ba (Ssk. Tf),

1. messenger, e.g. sent for a physician;

po-nya ytoh-ba, po-nya-mndg-pa, to send,

dispatch a messenger; brtsi-ba, Cs. to re-

ceive one (?) 2. ambassador, envoy. 3.

Passages like ysin-rjei pd -nya messenger

of death, angel of death, and bde-ba-can-

gyi po-nya, honourable epithet of a king,

that is looked upon as a demi-god (simi-

larly to ayy&o$ TOV nayadeiaov} suffi-

ciently justify the application of the word

to the scriptural notion of angel, which maybe rendered still more intelligible by adding

ndm-mKai, Chr. P. (P. Georgi retains ttn>

Italian angelo, spelling it nn- bye-lo). Bud-

dhist mythology has no available type for

it, and lha (Cs.) could only be made use

of, if already whole generations of the Ti-

betan nation had become Christians.

po-n Bal. for jfo-nu.

pd-ba (resp. skurtog Ci.) 1. ftomach

2. the second cavity of the stomach

or reticulum of ruminating animals (cf. gr6d-

pa). po-ba l)id-pa, Cs. to overcharge the

q"'l', ~ }~J, pm iV. for 1'1ftd, pytlt; iNdoliM v. 1~IJ(ld·hl(ld.

=:t::l"J" }Hlb-pa, 1. pf. liWI, resll. to go C.; tocome C.llnd IV.; Illso lag (or l~ydgr

feh-pa; scartelyin ancientlit., but Ok, Hh.,Mil,; ·lIyi-rdti-11l ptb-loli ydd--na· W., if youhave time to come; \0-110. !l/id-Ie pro. C.,well, good bye! ·d/,(l &6.-Mb peb·, id. inspeaking to 1\ European; cafl jJdJ ~JI naJi". •naJi·ba 1. extr.; iiDJ-par 3l1lrd-ba Sellr.,to slliute; &h. 11.1$0: to speak politely (n);reb-par 1idy-pa, &h., to rise gracefully, towll1k deceDtly (1); pb-&go Itar Sell.: 'l\C­

cordiDg to the given order', but cr. o!f'O­3fIO liar under &.q(I 3; 1l1b-rdog--pa 'to trampIlrrival', to go to welcome ll. high J~nma orother honoured person on his arrival withdance and music C" r..u~.; C•. howevermentions fte9-rddb as a musicnl instrument,'a smttll brnzen plate for music', nod inBtg. the g."me word occurs niong with sil­lAngdn. - 2. for "bah; so it seems to beused, Lt.: (ur-du 1/11 jlJJ3; iJ6-bar mi peb3,it won't go down his thront.

~~'.:::f' /Jfr.ba to be able .Mil. nt., cf. nlsodod; e".: 'to become, to be fit' etc,

'fl~ I. IlUm. fip;ure: 134,

II. man, opp. to womnu, male, po 10lild.beu-pa, men of the nge of fifty (opp.to M-mo 10'!fTIyi3-ma) 1IIa.; ilO mcdr-po, ll.

handsome man (opp. to bud-mM. mMr-mo)Ptll.; as n pleonastic apposition to the pers.pron., like mi, Mil.; common in C.: ·f)(,.,;a",1 (mnsc.)- ~'6-bo; eSII. in reference to Mi­mnls: male, he (ass), cock (bird), Dtl. aodelsewh.; as apposition to the names of do­mestic aoimals when clIstroted: jJO-rtd, geld~ing; ra-flO, a castrated lIe.goat - po-aJ:!lh,man, male penon, PtA - Po - gQ$, Inlln'sdress, man's coot; jJo~Cd&, Mil. id. (?)­fJo-Un lVts., &h., gelding. - ]M-M Bal.,stllllioo. - fJo-rtdfP I. l"l1!f3wl. = Po-m(&dn.2. Gram.: sigo for the masculioe gender,Ca. -po-1ltid, J. lV. andromllny, ioordioatedesire after men. :2 ..... 71O-bo. - po-'mc, lDaoaDd womnn, men And womeD, male andfemale; jJo-mc mtd, no tliffereoce of 1:

exists.•~(". /Jul., male leX. -l'1O-m(Mllf,membrum virile, man', yard, up. the peniJ;tile ratller vague expreuion 1~6dll (orjKJ.rtdfl') bMd.pa is userted to apply notto tllStmtion (&!lr.), bu~ only to ei~m­cision (which, however, is not gene,.]I,known in Tibet, MussulmllnS being foundonly in some of the larger citiea of thecountry). - fto--yan Sci•. And po-rali e•.,Po~hraJi C., iU1 unmarried mIW. - "/',o..ri"lV., ·po-r~· C. l\ male kid. - fto--lM, I.tutelary deity of II lOAD'S right .ide (ni f.)Glr. 2. Y.: Sir, IS polite address.-(Ob­se.rvation: The circumstaote of tbe conso­MOts of the alphllobtt /lnd the prefu.-Iettel'lbeing divided by Tibetan grammarilDll intomasculine, feminioe and neuter. is of AO

prl)Cticnl moment: careful investigatioDs onthat head have been made by Schiefner andLepsius).

III. v. PO-$().a:r~T fxr1J!M &h. (perh. fto-gy& •• gyo­

mo), hollow tile.

<f~' ftd-nya, I", '",.}6--,.... (&.I. {"),. l. messenger, e.g. lent for .. physiCian;

jN.n!la rtOn-oo, M-n!j(1r7ll1idg.pa, to send,dispatcb a messenger; brui-ba, Ca. to re­ceive ooe (1) - 2. ambassador, envoy. - 3.Passages like yiin-r)tl.· po- "!Ill messengerof death, :l.ngcl of death, lind lxli-6a-iUII­g!li po-nyu, honournble epithet of a king,that is looked upon as 110 dew-god (simi~

larly to arrt4n~ 'l"oii llaQadEiGol» suffi­ciently justify the application of the wordto the scripturn.1 notion of angel, which maybe rendered still more iotelligible by addingnam_mltai, Cltr. I~ (1'. Georgi retains theItalian a"~lo, spelling it &,...bl~Io). Bud­dhist mythology bas no a\·ail..ble type foriL, llnd Ma (e,.) could only be wade useof, if alreMy whole generations of the Ti­betan lllltion h..d beoome Christians.

::0fjJo-nd lJal. for pu-r.N.:f::l.1)6..ba (rc;;p. J:u.(og u.) I. st,mach

_ 2. the second cavity of the 5tomachor reticulum of ruminatinp; animals (d. grOd­rot iJo..OO l)(d-po, (.•. to oyercbarge tbe

J ftrb~ 2Z"

346

stomach, to clog; sol-ba Cs. to purge, to

cleanse; po-bai Ha Cs., the upper orifice of

the stomach, joining the oesophagus; po-

nan, a weak st., bzan, a good, sound st. 6s.

po-ter, swag-belly Sch.;po-ndd, disorder

of the st. 2. v. po* above.

II. pf. of Jb6-ba for pos Glr.

'po-ba-ri, also -m orpo-ris Lt., black

pepper; the col. form: po-ba-ril-bu

stomachic pills' prob. is merely a popular

etymology (similar to the English 'sparrow

grass', corrupted from asparagus).

po-brdn resp. for kdn-pa, house, dwel-

ling; often also implying hall, castle.

palace, B. and col.;slei po-^bran, the castle

(palace) of Le.

po-fads Schr. red paint; dun-la po-fsos bskus-pa, red paint put on a

shell Pth.; po-fsos-fsal Pth.

T po-ris v. po-ba-ri.

P-r<?-> raven, perh. also crow; cf.

Kwd-ta:po-rog-mig, medicinal herb,

Wdn.

^"(^" po-la, pu-la W., v. po-la.

o-ldd W. steel, Pers. jUj_

*

po-lo-lin W. peppermint.

po-lon-mdud Mil. a kind of

knot, complicated, and of ma-

gic virtue.

5* po-lon-hel-kyi etc. v. pa-wdh.

po-so, W. haughtiness, pride; *po-so co-

ce*, to demean one's self haughtily,

W.; *po-so-can*, proud, haughty, puffed up ;

kd-po Mil. bragging about things, which

in reality one is not able to do; po-fsod,

prob. the same &s po-so, Mil.: po-fsod mnon-

ses ma Ocad cig, do not boast of prophetic

sight.

pog, 1. Wts. beam, rafter; Sch.: 'the prin-

cipal beam of the roof. 2. v. Opog-paand Obog-pa.

pogs, wages, pay, salary; lo-, zla-,nyin-

pogs annual, monthly salary, daily

wages; dnul-pogs, smdr-pogs, Cs., payment

por-pa

in money; zon-pogs Cs. payment in goods.2. providing for another person in natural pro-

duce, even without any service being done

in return, e.g. the maintenance of Lamas;

pogs-dod, maintenance by an allowance of

money (in exceptional cases).

S^' pe

on,\. pf

dn-ba;pf

dn-baGlr. iorpan-ba.

cfrsrn* ports -pa (cf. Opdns-pd) 1. poor,

needy; sems-can nyam-t'dg-pons-

dgu, the poor and miserable creatures, Glr.;

sdug-pons-pa, id. Stg., C. 2. poverty."pod, skdr-ma pod, Cs., Sch., comet.

pdd-Ka, masquerade garment with

long sleeves.

pod-pa, 1. to be able, esp. in a moral

sense, to prevail on one's self, Jbral-

mi pod-pa Itar yod-na yan, although he

was scarcely able to part with . . . Glr.; Odi

ni mi pod-do, that I cannot do (moral im-

possibility) Dzl.', Ita mi pod, I cannot bear

to see that, Dzl.;to be able to resist : zas

zim gos bzan su -yis pod who can resist

good food and fine clothes? hence pod-

pa-can, Cs., bold, daring; *p'od-cun-se*, W.

timid, cowardly.-- 2. to come up to, to be

nearly equal in worth, with fsam(-la): del

bsod-nams fsam-la pod it is nearly of equal

merit as ... Dzl.

S-MkY^f^ pdn(-poi) Glr. and elsewh., pob-

pon Cs., pon-po(n), pon-to, pod-

pod, W., 1. bundle, truss, ofhay, straw, reeds;

sheaf. C. --2. bunch, wisp, cluster, umbel,

W.; tuft, tassel; ddr-pon, skud-p'on, Cs.

m^^

I* pob v. Jbebs-pa.

por-pa C., B. ( W. *ko-re*, resp. *don-

kyog*}, bowl, dish, drinking-cup, ge-

nerally made of wood and carried in the

bosom, to have it always ready for use;

cups made of other materials are called

Icdgs-por, dnul-por, yser-por, and a glass

tumbler sel-por. The word is also applied

to vessels used for other purposes : spyin-

por, glue-pot, pdg-por, perfuming-pan.-

por-pyis, cloth for wiping the cup ; por-kug,

id.(?); por-sug(subs?), the pocket or fold

in the coat for receiving the cup, C.

346

stomach, to clog; 8ol-ba C,. to purge, tocleanse; po-bai fa CA., the upper orifice ofthe stomach, joining the oesol,hagus; Prnan, a weak st., b::ati, a good. SQurld st. C,.- po-fl:r, swag-belly &h.; po-ntid, disorderof the st. - 2. v. po. above.

II. £If. of obd-ba for p~ Gir.~::r~:lXi-ba-ri, ulso -ri, or po-ri, Lt" black

pepper; the col. form: po'/"a-ril-bu'stomachic pills' prob. is merely a popularetymology (similar to the English 'sparrowgrass', corrupted from asparagus).~::It:: j»-!Jr(In resp. for kd,l-pa, hOUse, dwel·

ling; often 61so implying hall, castre,palace, B. and col.; ,lei fto..lJrali, the castle(palace) of U.~M.r jKI-(~ Sellr. red paint; (Hui-la}lo-

t:W3 M-w-pa, red paint put on D

shell Pin.; lKJ,('()i,-ual Ptl,.

~~. fto-ri, v. Jio-ba-ri.

~~. po-rdg, raven, perh. also crow; cf.Jhcd-ta; lXl-1'Of!-'1I,ig, medicinal herb,

lVdli.

~o.r, .Ef~' po-La, pit-la IV:, v. p6-la.

:f'o.j~·lJo-ldd lV. steel, i'm. ..)U~, ..)J~.

If~' Po-w-lbj W; peppermint.

~~.~.l:\~' po-lo>i-mdilll Mil. a kino of.J knot, complicated, and of ma­

gic virtue.

?fat..~~. po-wn-Ml-/.:yi etc. v'lJa-u:a,i.

?f~ #-$(1, W. haughtiness, pride; "fto-oo Co-i:e*, to demean one's self haughtily,

lV. j "p6-30-i:an", proud, haughty, puffed up;kd -jxJ Mil. bragging about things. whichin reality one is not able to do; fto-tood,prob. the same as po-w, Mil.: !Jo-uOd l1ui6n­if! ma oeM Mg, do not boast of proplleticsight.~.pog, 1. Wts. beam, rafter; &h.: 'the prin­

cipal beam of the roof'. - 2. v. olldg-paand obQg-pa.~ ftog8, wages, pay, salary; lo-,zla-, n!Jin­

pogs annual, monthly salary, dailywages; driM-iIOfP, sllldr-}Jqvi, '... pll.y,ment

in money; Zd>i-ftog8 01. payment in goods.2. providing for another person in natural pro­duce, even without any service Leing donein return, e.g. the maintenfl.Ilce of Lamns;lJog&-d4d, DmintenaDce Ly an allowance ofmoney (in exceptional wl!es).

:(t:: ~,i, v'opali·ba;poli-baGlr. for pali-ba.

~~'..q pd,i8-pa (d. opoia-pa) I. poor,needy; sbns-can flyam-('ig-plJri8­

dfJu, the poor and miserable creatures, Gil-. j

sdufj-JJoits-Pa, id. Beg., C. - 2. poverty'­

:.r~' ]hd, skdr-ma Pod, 0.., &h., cornel

t(~fl' rJdd-lla, masquerade garment lVithlong sleeves.

~~'.q' ,AAl-pa, 1. to be able, esp. in It moralsense, to prevail on one's self, ohral­

mi pOd-pa liar ydd-na yan, although hewas swrcely able to part with ... Gil-. j odini mi p'dd-dQ, that 1 cannot do (moral im­possibility) Dzl.; ita miJkd, 1 cannot bearto see that, Dzl.; to be able to resist: Zaf

Zim [108 hzan su· yU pod who can resistgood food and fine clothes? hence]kx1­pa-i:an, c.., bold, daring; "jod-Yui-8t", IV.timid, cowardly. - 2. to come up to, to benearly equal in worth, with (sam(-la): dii1A00-nalM (sarll-la pod it is nearly of equalmerit as ... D:l.:tf~(:::r?) ftln(-po) Glr. and elselVh., pob-

. pm 01., p6n.p:1(n), pIJn-to, pod­pOd, W., ]. bundle, truss, ofhay, straw, reeds;sheaf. C. - 2. bunch, wisp, Cluster, umbel,IV.; tuft, tassel; ddr-fon, 8hid-Ikm, (3.~

.q.::r fob v. ohibs-p£l.

::r~'.q' por-pa C., B. (w. -kd-rt', resp. "(Wn-kyd!t), bowl, dish, drinklng.cup, ge.

nerally made of wood and carried in thebosom, to have it alwllYs ready for use;cups made of other materials are canedlMg&-Por, dliil.l-'fJol·, rw-Jfor, and a glllSStumbler itl-for. The word is also appliedto vcssels used for other purposes:-spyin­'for, glue-pot, pQg-ftor, perfuming-pan. ­pOr-pyis, cloth for wiping the cup; for-hig,id.(?); for.8i1.g0uhs?), the pocket or foldin the coat< for reoei\'ing the-cllp, C.

347

/W, IF. 1. blister caused by burning,

pol-miy, a bad sore, ulcer, abscess, ^'.,

. 2. 2V*////., a kind of fungus (mould).

os 1. v. b6-l>a. - 2. v. ka.

"

25* /V/a >'t #5/a dtbs-pa to cast lut>

^ C .; lot, fortune <'s., />//</.

/>/^/;/ -pa

to judge of lots or fortune Cs.; prognostic

>'<//., pya-bzdn, -nan good, bad fortune or

prognostics Cs.; nor-pya, Kyim-pya prog-

nostics relative to property, family etc., in

drawing lots or playing at dice; pya (dan)

yyan lot (good luck) and blessing, pya dan

yyan Ogt'tg-pa to call forth good luck and

blessing, to secure it by enchantment Gli'.,

rgya-ndg-gipya-yydn nydms-pas as China's

fortune and welfare were prejudiced Glr.;

pyd-mkan fortune-teller Cs., but v. also the

next article.

, 1- = rdzd-mKan, potter.

2. v. the foregoing.

pya-can Lt.f

pya-la-le-ba, Sch.,

coarse, rude,

negligent, disorderly (?).

pyd-ra, curtain before a door, Schr.

Sch.

pyag, 1. resp. for lag, hand; bcom-

ldan- dds-kyispyag sd-la brdebs, Bud-

dha struck with his hand on the earth, DzL ;

pyag brgydti-ba, to stretch forth one's hand,

Sch.;with la it denotes also the imposition

of hands as a holy ceremony, W. : *cag

gyan sdl-ce*. -- 2. bow, compliment, re-

verence: pyag daii-po-la, whilst making the

first bow, Glr.; also compliment in letters:

. . . la pyag yrans-med beans, with a thou-

sand compliments to ... (a Lama even of

a higher order concluded his letter to a

nobleman with 10000 compliments to him

as the head of the family, and then to the

rest according to rank and age in a des-

cending line with 1000, 100 etc.); therefore

pyag byed-pa (eleg. gyid-pa ; resp. nuhdJ-

pa, when e.g. a king is addressed by a

Lama, Pth.}, in Balti *pyag byd-ca* W.

gen. *$ag pul-ce or co-ce, resp. jal-cag co-

e*, to salute, to pay one's respects, with

la, e.g. ministers waiting on tbe king, Glr.;

*%ag-ga yo/t*, he comes to pay hi* respecU,

W-j Pfjuy dan akdr-ba bytd-pa, to makebows and circumitioiiK, <$.//. ; wither without

a preceding pyi (vulg. </<m), to take leave.

to bid adieu, /{. and vulgo (cf. pyi below),*dj-n< '<,! i'nd yin*, W., so then I shall

take my leave now. --pyag Ofail-ba, pf.

btsal, imp. fsol, to make a very low rever-

ence, the head almost touching the ground;more at large: yZdn-yyi Zdbs-la my6-bot

pyag Ofsdl-ba, esp. in use before Lamas and

kings; in the introductions of books, also,

the authors generally address both deities

and readers with the phrase: pyag Ot*dl-

lo. - - 3. impurity, dirt(?); v. some of the

following compounds and also Opydg-pa.4. sometimes for cog.

Comp. pyag-mKdr resp. for inK'ar-ba

staff. pyag-Jcur W. pyag-rt^n. pyaff-

goii the back of the hand Cs. pyag-rgyd

(*JTO L resP- for rffya (*) ^^J pyaff^sry**

<Mbs-jpa to seal, to confirm by a seal, v.

rgya I. This meaning is at present hardly

any longer known, but only: 2. gesture,

the manner in which the hand and fingers

are held by Buddha, by stage-players,

Lamas or saints etc,when performing re-

ligious ceremonies or sorceries; pyag-rgyd

mndn-pa to overcome evil spirits by such

gesticulations Dom., ^rol-ba to set them

free, -by dissolving the charm Pth. There

is a great number of these gesticulations.

pyag-rgya-cen-po is said to be a figurative

designation of the Uma-doctrine. (The other

meanings given by Cs. and Sch. are rather

uncertain.)--

pyag-ndr wrist (?., yet v.

intrl. -/'//<'//- ca Sch. 'wrought by the

hand; an implement', resp. for fo$r-?a, v.

ca III. extr. ; pyag - cos attributes, carried

in the hand, in performing religious dances,

cf. pyag - mfsdn. - - pyag - c*db water for

washing the hands and the face. pyag-mc6d Mil. for pyay dait incod-pa bytd-pa.

1 . resp. for lag-rtdg& sign of the hand,

impression of a blackened finger in tbe

place of a seal. 2. = pyay-rttn (?).

:r""]foi, IV. 1. blister cAused by burning,}!olJfrJig, a bad sore, ulcer, absccu, G~,

IV. - 41. Thgy., a kind of fungus (mould).~

~~. Jic', I. v. .lid-bt,. - 2. v. ia.

::J •. pya, lot, pya diba-pa to cast Jot.<., " C•. ; lo~ fortune (A',J'ya bl'lug-pa

to judge of lots or fortune ClI.; prognosticSe"., pya-(ml,i, _nun good, bad forlune orprognostics C•. ; 116r-P1/o., lEyi1ll-pya prog­IlOslics relative to properly, family etc., illdrawing lots or playing at dice; pya (dan)rya,i lot (good luck) nnd blessiog, pya dmiryan og(,g-pa to call forth good luck andblessing, to secure it by enchantment Gb·.,f'[Iya-no.!J-gi pya-mo.,i nydlll31Jd' as Chinn'sfortune and welfare were prejudiced Gil'. ;pyo.-mlla'i fortulle-teller c.., but v. also tbenext article.

;r~ l'yd-ml.'o.n, l. "" rd::a-mJ!(Jn, potter.- 2. v. the foregoing.

•.~ p1/o.-'tan Lt. t

!;P~.r~·.q'· pyo.-la-U-bo., &/•. , coarse, rude,negligent, disorderly (?).

~=.: pyo.-ra, curtain before a door, &141'.&/1.

:Fl' pyag, 1. resp. for lag, hand; boom_ldan-odd$-kyu p'yug ui_la brdch., Bud­

dha sll'uck with bis hand on the eartb, D::l. ;pyo.g bl'f}1/w.-bo., to stretch £oltb one's hand,Sell.; with La it denotes also the impnsitionof hands as n holy ceremony, lV.: "cag!!!Ia,' wl- i:~. - 2. bow, compliment, rt!.

verence: pyag do.,i-po-l(J, whilst making thefirsl bow, GlI'.; also compliment in letters:. . . la. pyag grUl's_IIll'l1 fXa1l3, Witll a. thou­snnd compliments to •.. (II. I.lI.ma even of.. bigller order concluded his letter to a1I0biemnn with 10000 compliments to himas the bead of the fl\mily, and then to therest according to rnnl. and age in A des­cending line witla 1000, 100 etc.); thereforelWa9 byU-pa (eleg. f/!Iid-pa; re~p. md::dcl­pa, when e.g. a king is addressed by ALamn, PtI,.), in Balti "pyag b1/d-i:a," W:gen. "lag [ful-i:e or eo-te, resp. jal-lag ro­ee", to salute. to pay one' Tf/P9CU, wi

:1<,

la, e.g. mioist.erll 'A'aiting on tho king, Glr.;"lllg-ga yori.", he cornel to pal' hi. rOlpeeU.lV.; 1)9ag d",i .k6Na !.JyM.-pa, to makebows llnd circumitiolls.,S.y.; with or 'A'ithouta. llreccding ,)yi (vuig. imt), to take !nye,to bid adieu, lJ. and vulgo (cr. 1'Jya' below),"dt-lit ca!J illl yin", IV., so then I ,b.ntnkc Ill)' leave now. - }Jyag .(.al-ba, I,r.btsal, imp. (1101, to make a. very 10'A' rever­ence, the hend almost touching the ground;more at !nrge: rzulI"g1/i Min-fa mrfl-bo­,fya!l .,Ml.ba, esp. in use before lAmAS andkings; iu the introductions of boou••150,tl.le Buthors gencrally addleSll both deitieennd renders with the phrllse: pyag oluii­10. - 3. impurity, dirt(?); \'. some of thefollowing C<lmpounds and also oPyUg-pa. -4. sometimes for mg.

Compo P''1a!l-'lIIlldr l'e~p. for 'IIJar·bastaff. - i!Jag-.,llur lV. - pya!J-rtm. - PY"f}­go,i the bnck of the blind C•. - py"f}-'f"!!!Id(1JJ1) 1. resp. for r!!!J'l (I.) seal; ,/yao-rgyIUodibs-pa to seal, to confirm by a seal, v.rg!la I. Tbis meaning i~ at I)resent bardlynoy longer known, but only: 2. gesture,thc mnnner in which the hand and fingersnrc held by Buddha, by st4ge-players,LamlU or saints etc, wben performing re­ligious ceremonies or sorceries; P!JoQ-ryya."lIld'l-pa to overcomc c\'il spirits b)' 50cbgesticulations Dtml., o!Jrdl-ba to set themfree, .by dissolving tbe chllrm HI.. Thereis II grellt uumber of these gesticulMions.Jl.yag-rgya-lNi-po is sftid to be II figuratiyedesigntltion of the UlllA-doctrine. (The othermeanings gi\'en b)" Ct. and SeA. are ratheruncertain.) - ]fyao·Jidr wris1 (4., )"et v.nar 1 - P!Ja!l- ca &h. 'wrought b)" thehand; lID implement', regp. for lao-ca, '1'•

ea 111. extr.: p1/ag- CIU atlributei, carriedin the hand, in perfornling religious danclli-,cf. 'Way -1Il(sdn. - P!J(lf! - ldb nter forwllShing the hlllldg .Dd the &.ce. - P!JafJ­mUd Mil. for ]Wa!l da,; mlod·pa ~l-JHI'

- pyag-lllyig' Lu.r. - I;!P'!I-di;"· - JIyw,rrMg. 1. resp. for {a!l-rld!!. sign of tbe haud,irupreiSion of II bl...ckened finger ill t.hepJ!-eeg£ "" seal. 2. - pyag-rthl (1). - pya!!-

348

pyag pyi

rten B. and col. a present of welcome, frq.,

a present in general, also a fee Glr. ; pyag-rten rgya

- cen immense presents Glr.

pyag-mfil resp. palm of the hand. pyag-mfeb resp. thumb. --

pyag-ddr sweepings,

dust, rubbish; pyag-ddr byed-pa Dzl. and

elsewh.,jt^/a^-pa Lex.,*gydb-ce* W. to sweep,

to clean- pyay-dar-pa a sweeper Dzl.;pyag-

ddr-gyi pun-po, pyag-dar-Krod dust-heap;

pyag-dar-Krod-kyi cos-gos or nd-bza vest-

ment or cowl of a mendicant friar, which

according to the rules of his order is to

be patched up of rags gathered from heapsof rubbish Burn. I, 305. (The explanation

given by Sch. seems to rest on mere hy-

pothesis.) pyag-na-rdo-rje, pyag-rdor v.

rdo-r)e- can. pyag-dpe resp. for dpe-cav. dpe 3. pyag-dpun resp. for arm. -

pydg-pyi attendant, man-servant = zabs-pyi;

pydg-pyi byed-pa to be a servant; pydg-

pyi-la orpyag-pyir Jbren-ba to be a follower

(of a Lama); collect, train of servants,

retinue. pyag-pyis resp. towel. pyag-bris resp. 1. hand -

writing, manuscript. 2.

drawing Glr. 3. letter W.,brtse-bai pyag-

bris your kind letter, your friendly cor-

respondence. pyag- bulresp. gift, present.

pyag-sbdlCs. resp.= pyag-gon; Sch.

pyag-sbdl-du bcug-pa to hold one's hand

ready for taking or receiving, v. sbal.

pyag-smdn 1 . resp. for sman C. 2. = pyag-rten W. pyag-ma broom, duster, mop C.,

Lexx. py^g - fsan Sch. : 'the all -filling

One, the all-universalizing One' (?) pyag-mfsdn the attributes or emblems of Bud-

dha and of different deities, carried in the

hands (it is indeed nothing else than what,

when carried in the hands of men, is called

lag- or pyag-cds Glr. and elsewh.). pyag-mdzub resp. for finger. pyag-mdzod trea-

surer, of kings or in large monasteries. -

pyag-rdzds resp. for nor-rdzds Mil. pyag-zdbs resp. for rkan-ldg Schr. --

pyag-ra

(prob. for pyag-grd) privy, water-closet. -

pyag-rds resp. for towel Sch. - -pyag-ldn

the return of a salutation, reciprocal greeting

Mil. pyag-lds W. resp. for las = prin-las B. pyag-Un resp. for lag-ttn practice,

exercise, also ceremony (?) religious rite (?);

. . . la-pyag-len Odebs-pa Pth? . . . la-pyag-

len-du Ogro-ba Mil.(?}--

pyag-sin an at-

tribute of idols, resembling a rod (birch)

or besom Wdk. pydg-sa = pyag-ra;pyag-sen resp. for sen-mo; pyag-sor resp. for sor-

mo. --pyag-srol law, regulation; practice,

use; tradition.

pydn-t\e-ba, Cs. : =jol-le-ba, hanging

down (belly, v. pyal}; Lexx. give

slender, slight-made; Sch. : straight,

stretched (?); pyan-prul or -Oprul Lexx.

pendent ornaments.

jr'?r pyad-pydd, \\Ag.ped-ped, awkward^1^1

gambols, clumsy attempts at dancing. ,

pydd-pa, also Qpydd-pa, constant,

firm, persevering; pydd-par, always,

continually, perpetually; Lexx. = rgyun-du

(of rare occurrence) ; pyad ma pyod Mil. ?

pyam = Icam (Sbh. also Jci/am), pyam-rnas, -rten, -steys, support (of rafters) ;

Sch.'. the resting-point of a beam.

5J5I'5J3y*CJ" pyam-pydm-pa, Thgr. glittering ;

cf. Icdm-me-ba.

2J3^"^I*^' py^m-iYie-ba, Glr. slow, not hasty,

not greedy, indifferent to.

5p* pydr-tfa Sch. blame, affront, insult

(v. Opyd-ba?) pyar-yydn Sch. id.;

Lexx. pyar-yyeh?

pyal, resp. belly, stomach, Cs.; pyal-

pyan-ne, Lexx. = grod-pa ^ol-le-ba,

paunch, swag-belly; pydl-mo id.?

jfr pyi (W. *pi*) I. behind ndv.:pyi-bkan-"** du nydl-ba Sch., to lie on one's back;

pyi-gros-su gye-ba, Glr.', *ci-do gydb-pa*

C., to retreat, to recede, with the back in

advance; pyi lus-pa, to lag behind; pyi-rtin Sch., heel; pyi-sder, Sch. the spur of

birds; pyi-na, Cs.; behind

\ fyyi-nas, Cs., from

behind; *pi-nur-la* or *pi-log-la (lid-cc*., to

walk backward, W.; pyi-ynon yon, pursuing

he comes rapidly near, Mil.; pyi mig Itd-

ba, to look round (back), Glr., pyi wig maltd -bar, without looking round; pyi mig

cig yzigs-pas, resp. just looking round

(back), Mil.', *pi (mig} Ug-te ltd-ce* W.

id. pyi-pyir, behind, following, e.g. pyi

8<8

rtbt B. and col. a pre,enl of welcome, frq.,a present in general, also a fee Gir.; py(lg­rtin rgya ~ Un immense Ilre.sents Glr. ­pyag-mfil resp. palm of the hand. - p'yag­mfeb resp. thumb. - pyag-ddr sweepings,dust, rubbish; FYQ{I-dcir byed-pa D::l. :"Iudelsewb.,pYdg-paLu., *fJydb-ce" HZ to sweep,to clean jP!Jag-dar-pa a sweeperDzl.; P1/(lY'dtir-gyi p'illi-pt;, plJag-cWr-l!rtk1 dust-heap;pyag-daf./lrM-;"gt' C08-903 or nd-bza vest­ment or cowl of a mendicant friar, whichaccording to the rules of his order is t<:Ibe patched up of rags gathered from heapsof rubbish Burn. 1,305. (The eJ:planntiongiven by Sell. seems 10 rest on mere hy­pothesis.) - pyag-na-rdlJ-r)e, plJag·rdOr v.rdo-r)e-,,1aJi. -rfJJag-dpi resp. for dpt-cov. dpe 3. - pgag-dp(LJj res!'. for arm. ­p'ydg-#.i attendant, man-servant - zabs.pyi;pydg-p!Ji b!Jid-pa to be a servant; PtA/­pyi-ta or pyag-pyir obreli.ba to be a follower(of a Lama); collect. train of servants,retinue. - i'!J«1J1iyi, res!". towel. - Jiyog.brii resp. 1. hand· writing, manuscript. 2.drawing Glr. 3. leiter w., brUi·bai hag·brh your kind letter, your friendly cor·respondence. -1;yag·obUl rcsp. gift, presenl- hag-didl c~. resp. - hlag-voli; &/'.pyag""1Jbd.I-du bCilg·pa to hold one's handready for taking or receiving, v. Wal. ­i1;ag-smJn 1. resp. for sman C. 2. - hag­rten lV. - Jlyog-ma broom, duster, mop C.,u.rz. - pyag- (san &1,.: 'the all- fillingOne, the all-universalizing One' (?)-pyaV·m(san the attribl1tes or emblems of Bud­dha and of different deities, carried in thehands (it is indeed nothing else than what,when carried in the hands of men, is calledlag. or pyag-lds Glr. and elsewh.). - pyag­nubUb resp. for finger. - 11tag-mdzdd tlU­surer, of kings or in large monasteries. ­pyago.f"l.izm resp. for nor-rdzds Mil. - pyag­iab3 resp. for rkati-lcf9 &1". - pyag-ra(prob. for pyag-vra) privy. water-elosel ­jJJjQ{/-rds resp. for towel &11. - pyag-MIIthe return of a salutation, reciprocal greetingMil. - hag-ids w. resp. for la8 _ ir·in­las B. - Wag-lin resp. for ~-U~ practi e.1

exen:ise, also ceremony ('I) religious rite(?);... w...})yag-lbl otkbs-pa Pth1 .. . la-P!Ja!l­Un-du ofJro-ba AJil.(?) - pyag~bi an at·tribute of idols, resembling a rod (birch)or besom WdA... -pyag'sa= p!Jag-ra;pyag­sin resp. for sm-mo; pyag-sdr resp. for W,...mo. - pyag-3r61 law, regulation; practice,use; tradition..:!C·c·.:r Jiydti-Jie-ba, Cs.: = )61-le-ba, hanging

down (belly, Y. i1Jal); Lux. give'Iflll", slender, slight.-made; &1,.: straight,slretched(?); jJJJO-li-ftrUl or -olJ1"1J.l Leu.pendent ornaments.S-'S-'I'1yad-JlydJ, ,'ulg. Jied.pid, aw1cward

I I gambols,c1umsyattemptsatdancing..

S~'=J' ]ij;dJ-pa, also ol1Jdd-pa, constan~firm, pel1cvering; Ijydd~pa,., always,

continually, perpetually; Leu. _ J'!Iyim-du(of rMe occurrence); liyad rna ,:!Jod .MiUSJ.l· J1Jam - U:am (SM. also Ilyam),J)yam-

rJia.t, ·rten, -stegs, support (of mfters);Sell.; the resting-point of a beam.

;J~'S~''f J'1yom-pydm-pa, Tl,gr.gliltering;cf. lMm-me-ba.

S~·~·.q· pyam-me-ba, Glr. slow, not hasty,not greedy, indifferent to.

;!"'F. pydr-lCa Sch. blame, affront, insult(v. oP!Jd-ba~) har-ryth, Sell. id.;

Lu.r. pyar-ryhi'Sr..f· liyai, rcsp. belly, stomach, Q:.; ftyal­

haJj-rit, Lux. ... grtkl.pa JOl-ie-ba,paunCh, ,wag-belly; l)yal-mo id.?

!J Jlyi (lY. -1,i-) 1. behind adv.:pgi-bkan-du nydl-ba &h., to lie on one's back;

Jjyi-g"ONU 9!p-ba, Gir.; -Ci-Ijg f!yab.po­C., to retreat, to recede, with the back inadmnce; pyi lUs-pa, to lag behind; hi.rtfti Seh., heel; J1/i-sdlr, &h. the spur ofbirds; Jl!;f-na, Cs.; behind; l1/i-na.t, Cs., frombehind; -fi-nur-la- or -fi·tng-Ia (h1l...cc", towalk backward, lY.; P!fl~rndn yon, pursuinghe comes rapidly near, .Mil; pyi lIligltd­ha, to look round (back), Glr., Jlyi mig?llaltd - bar, without looking round; J;yi migCig r::igg - pas, resp. just looking round(back), Mil.; "pi. (mig) Mg-re ltd-c? IV.i1C{"l}lyi7y1r, behind, following, e.g. 1'Y;

a, to walk behind or after another

person, l*th. -pyi Obruit Les. ( U. .///,/>-

l>rdii}, spouse, wife. pyi-ma, the poste-rior Schr.(?*)

-i>f/i-bzm adv. and postp.,

after; ^rd-ba, Qbrdit-ba, frq.; ri-dags-kyi

///-/>: titrt/yitt/-/Hi, to pursue game, deer;

i'tjir-bzin, id.; pyi-la, later lit. and6'., id.;

. . . kyi pyi'bzin pyin-pa, ^6h-ba, ^rd-ba,to go after; v. also pyir and fryis.

II. after; adv.: siia-pyi, sooner and la-

ter; also adj.: the former, the latter; the

earlier, the later; Odi-pyi sc. fse, the pre-sent and the future life; frq.; dus pyi zig-

na, at a later period, some time afterwards

DzL; del pyi nyin on the following day

DzL; nyi-ma del pyi de nyin Ko-na, id.,

Tar. --pyi-dgra v. dgra.

- -pyi-cad =

1>yhi-bad q.v. pyi-fog W., the later partof the afternoon. pyi-dro, pyi-ro (also

MY.) W., gen. *pi-foy, pi-ro* id., also even-

ing. fyi-nas, in future, in time to come,Mil. - -

pyi-prcd Tar. : nyi-ma pyi-pred-

kyi bar-du Schf., until sunset; Schr.: even-

ing. pyi-jrydy bi/td-pa, to greet for the

last time, to bid farewell, to take leave.

-pyi-ma adj.: later, subsequent, following,

snd-ma ma su pyi-ma zd-ba, not having

digested the first (meal), to eat (consecu-

tive) additional quantities Lt.; pyi-ma pyi-

ma, each following one, every one conse-

cutive in a series, S.g. and elsewh.; nydl-bai pyi-ma, the last going to bed, Mil.:

pyi-ma-mams, the later ones, the moderns,

frq. pyi-mo adj. late, da (nyi-ma) pyi-mdr son dug-pas, it having grown late (in

the day) Mil.; *'i go pi-mo pe dug*, this

door is not opened until later (in the day),

W.*pi-mo co(s)-Kan-ni td-yir*, the last

baked, newest bread, W. f>yi-rabs, the

later generation, posterity. Cf. pyin, pyis.

III. outside, fn/ii :ifi, the field outside,

as a third part of the property, exclusive

of cattle and money (cf. sgo init.); j'n/iis6-

nuiit, husbandry, farming Glr.; pyii-rgya-

mfso, the outer sea, the ocean, Glr. ; i>yii

mi DzL (Ms.), people from abroad, other,

strange people, not belonging to the family,

mgron-nam pyi-mi-dag ^dns-nu, if (when)

guesU* or strangers come, Dzi.; pyi-na, out

of doors, abroad; /"//-n, from without,from abroad; pyi-ru, pyir, out (proceedingfrom the interior of a place to the exterior),less frq., v. jn/i~nl\ /?/'-/" id., H. ai.

frq. pyi-l''H''>g Mi.: with knee* bent out-

ward.pyi-<.lHi'i v.

/y///"-/'/-//// under ryya

comp.; i'!ii-<l<jr(i v. dgra.-

*f>i-(s)ta-laand -ni*. W. for /////-/-"/-/m etc.; *jri-tu-ln

cu-ce*, euphemist. for 'going to the water-

closet1

. pyi-ndii, the outside and inside.

*pi nan log-i-e*, W., b*yyiir-l>a. S</u: to

turn inside out, e.g. a bag; lcdy*-kyi sgrom-

la-soys-pa syrom /'n/i//,/// rim-pa bdun team,

an iron box (coffin) and moreover a sen.-

of 7 boxes one within the other Tar. 28;

pyi nan ynyis-ka smin-pa, ripe both as to

the outside and inside, DzL', pyi nan y<

pure as to thought and action. With re-

spect to religion, this expression generallydenotes the difference between Non-Bud-dhism or in a more limited sense Brah-

manism and Buddhism; frequently ysanis added as a third item, being explained

by: pyi lus nan nag )sdn-ba yid, which

explanation however is insufficient, e.g. in

the passage: cos pyi iiaii/.></// /V//., in which

moreover merely a classification within tin-

Buddhist religion seems to be spoken of.

Political distinctions are made in Glr.:j\i/i

naii bar ysiim-gyi byn-ba byed-pai bldn-p->.

yet without sufficiently elucidating the sub-

ject. The terms///// lf<i and nan Ita, Glr.

fol. 89, ;i> well as ftyi ltdr - du and nan

lt<tr-<lti, ff/i. p. 10 I am at a loss to ex-

plain. p'yi-pa 1 . B. and col. a Non-Bud-

dhist, more particularly a Brahmanist. tilso

for pyi-pai cos, the doctrine of Brahma

fn/i-pa-la dga Glr. >. C/u: Prot.: heathen,

one that is neither a jew nor a Christian.

-l>yi-yul l. Sc/i. foreign country. ?. ^yi

sndii-bai yul, the external world, opp. to:

m'lii-i/i .s<i?//.s. Mil. pyi-roL, \. the outside.

mdl -gyi pyi

-rol, the outside of the bed,

Glr. ; pyi-rol-na. -tit. -no*, in H. gm.for pyi-na, -n/, -nas: adv. outside, out of

doors, out, from without; postp. on the out-

side before (the door), (he was turned) out

..9

ofI'd-bfJ, to ..'alii: ~llind or after ancnbuperson, P,A. - Py; .bra;, Lu. (abo Me.:,.br6.>, pou.~, wife. - Pyi__• the po6te­

rior &Ar.(1) - l',yt·/iS" ad., and I~ql.•afttr;~ • •lwdli.ba, frq.; ri-dlJfP-l.yi~"",. "!I9;,g-pu, to pursue game, deer;,',yir.JJ:iIt. id.; 1'yi-/II, later lit. and c., id.;

'--' •. h~' •. ..<' ~- ~_J...... ":r 1'1'- _lit 1'Y1"-pa, ~,,"-oa, ~,..--.

10 go after; ". also iryir and 1~'

iI. after; ad•. : ,;'a-P!fi. sooner Ilnd la­ter; also adj.: the (ormer, tile littler; llieearlier, the later: .di-jJyi ~. (&f, tbe pre­sent snd tbe future life; frq. ; IfUi Fyi tis­1111, Ilt. l.ter period, some time .l'te,,'ardsD::l.; dti hi flyi" on tbe following dayD::l.; nyi_mlI J~i li!!i de ny;" Ko-na, id"Ta,', - ,"yi-d9ra v. dflra. - l)!Ij-~(J(I­

l;yin-to.d q.v. - l;!Ji-(QlJ 1I~, the Illtcr partof tile mftemoon. - l;yi-dro, 111;-1'0 (al!'OMil.) W:, gen.oJii-fOfl. l'n-roo id., also even­ing. - P!Jf-RaJ, in future, in time to C(llDe,Mil. - J1ti-prM. Tal": nyi-ma hti-jlrtJd­Ityi bar-d" &/q:, IIntill;unset; &!lr.: e,'en­iog. - Jiyi'i'!Jd!J D!lid-pa, to greet for lhel:lJ5t lime, 10 bid fare"'ell, to take Ja.,ve.- Jiyi-m« adj : biter, SUbsequent, following,1I'id-ff1Cl ,"s lw hi-ma =ti.-ba, 00\ havingdigested lhe 6rst (mt'1l1), to eat (t<mseeu­tive) additional qUlUltities Lt, j jtyi-Ma JitP­,"a, each following ooe, uery 00(1 COMe­

elltin io alerie:s, 51}. and elsewh.; """­IMi J;yi-",a, the 111M gruog to bed, Nil.;fyi-ma-rnarM, the later ones, tile modernfrq. - l;yt-wto adj. late, (la ("yi-ma) i;yi­1'161' to", dilf}-(KJ" it hln-iD~ gro",'o late (inthe day) Nil.; "i po 1""__10 loe dw/, tlJili'door is not opened IIntilluter (in the day),W. -f>/-1f!O M{.)-!l(ln-ni td-ojr-, the IllStlJak~, ne",'es!. bread, W. - }~!li.mbe, thelder gf>llerntion, posterity. Cf. hp'n, i)!Ju.

Ill. ollbide, liyii ziit, the field outside,lU II. third port of tbe prollert,., txclu~ive

of cattle lLnd mOlley (d. 3fJO init.): pyii t6­nam, husbandry, farmiog Gk; liyii-rg!J(lom(a:J, the outer sea, the oc-ean, Glr.; hpirni D::l. (}Is,), people ff(JPl abroad. other,struge people, not belonging to the family,~-NCII" pyl-1lli-dtJfl ..d.iI....., if (wbea)

gueolll Or str,ogf:n COllie, D:l.; i'N~, tatof cIoen. lbnII.d; P!t' -114>" from witJ.o.t,from abroad; J';yi-"" PfW, tut (prOUoedins:from \he interior of. pt.ce to tJ~ ukrior),1- frq., v. i~.-l; J'oy!'-ln, id.., II. and C.frq. J',yt-EJOg ·It.: with kneflll bent f\Ut­

wllrd. - iMli.. ... rrIY"'1ii-lJil oDd1M' rnaoomp.; i'Y"-dgrd 't. dgra. - -loi-(.)tCl-I..lUld -",-. IV. for 1',yi-f"6l-rta ete.; -~a-bJ&i-b!, enphemi"L ror 'golag to I1e w.~.eloset'. - i'Y"-mi"" the outside and inside,-In Rlui Wg-ee-, av., 6tgyt;r-ba. &J.r. to

lurn inside out, ~.g. a baR; lfdgN.yi 'fPd­[a-IQg,.pa '9'''.1 hi 1\'("1 ri..-pa bdMII tImrl,

an iron box (coffin) and moreover a loeriesof 7 boxes ODe within the other Tar. 28;l~!lj nflN f1I!1iso/.:/1 .,nln-pa, ripe lJOIIJ all tothe outside and inside, D::l.; Jiyi nWf 1/$/IN,pure IU to thought and ACtion. Witll reo­speet to religion, this upr ion gcne,.llydenotes the dilJert'nce between Non-Bud­dhism - or in • mOl"e limited Iiense Brah­mllDism - aDd BuddbislU; frequently)'IlJitis added. as • third item, being explainedby: J',yi I", llwi "tJfI ).u.';'-bo yid, 'Whiche.xplllDation boweyer i$ insufficient, e.g. illthe !Jll"SAge; a. jJyi 1UI")"IWt /'tA, in whichmoreover merely a c1assific.tion withio theBuddhist ~Iigion seews to be spoken of.Political distinctions an nade in GIr.: pyilIa. bar fliI..-gyr.· byi-lJa byM-poi 6iQ,.-po,)'el ,,'ithout sufficientl~·elucidating the $CIb­ject. l1Je tenus J',yt. "" ud _Ji Ita, Gir.fol. 89, a, 'll'ell as l~yi ItM-d. Ind 1NI..oltdr~n, Prlt. p. 10 I 1m III a 10 to ex­plain. - PMm I, /J. lind 001.. Non-Bud­dhjs~ more pllrticularly • Brahmanis!, aoofor P.Ji-pai Co., the doctrine of OralullaJ',yi-rHl-la dga Glr. 2. (:4r. H'ot: heathen,one lbllt is neither a jey" nor Il Chriitian.- Ilyi-!I"1 t, &h, foreign country. ':'. liyiatui.. -hai yui, the external w«ld, opp to:UOH-gI' _II, Mil. - Jiyl-roi, I. the outside,,1lIi/-!/yi hi- rot, tile ()l,Iuide of tlW! bed,Glr.; J~yi-rol-,.a. -tM, -_, in II.~.

for liyi-16a, or.., _JW,: adv. lIuLcide. out ofdoono, oul, from 'Without; po.1.p- DO the out­~e before (!.be door), (be wu tWlled) oul

pyi-lcag

350

of (the house), (he comes) from without

(the village), frq.; *pi-log* W. id.; *cdg-ri

pi-log la*, outside before the (garden) wall.

2. mystic: ydon bgegs pyi-rol-tu Odzin-pa,

to believe goblins and demons to be really

existing in the outer world Mil. pyi-sa,

excrements S.g. ; the supposed food of cer-

tain demons Tkgy.- -

pyi-lha 1

IV. pyi-la, on account of, v. pyir.

of the hand.

'

pyi-fdn, threat, menace, Mil. nt.

pyi- bddr (or

brdar) byed-pa,

to clean, to cleanse Dzl. and elsewh.; bydd-

kyi pyi-bddr bsol-nas kyan though you do

not wash your face Mil.

2>.jx* pyi-pur, a kind of ornament, similar

^ ^ to pan.

S$'23' pyi-ba S-9'i Qpyi'ba Lt., 1. the large

marmot of the highlands of Asia, Arc-

tomys Boibak. 2. v. Jbyi-ba.

^'^f pyi-mo>I- c l- *-pyi> a ~pi*) grand-

mother, Cs. II. v. pyi II.

Pur. *pyiit-pa*; Ld., Lh. *piii-pa*,

elsewh. cin-pa, felt, Qded-pa, to make

felt, to mill, to full Sch.', pyin -gur, felt-

tent, a Tartar hut; pyin-stdn, felt-carpet,

felt-covering; pyin-deb Sch.: a wrapper or

cover made of felt.

5JS* Pyid = ''

Pyi> a^er? following ; pyid-nyin,

^}

the day after to-morrow, 6s.

pyid-pa I. (v. pyi ni f.) to retard,

prolong, maintain, with fse: to main-

tain one's life, to earn a livelihood, W. e.g.

*gdr-ra co-te* or*cos-si ndn-ne fsepid-ce*,

to maintain one's self as a smith, or by

religion, (being a Lama). II. to freeze,

*kdn-pa pid-son*, the foot is frozen, suffer-

ing from chilblains; *mig pid son*, the eyes

are inflamed, snow-blind, W. (6. *&''*).-

III. v. Opyid; byid.

ftj. pyin for pyi, in certain phrases: 1.

T pyin-cdd, -cad, later, afterwards, pyin-cdd sdom, bound over for the time to come,

e.g. not to do a thing again ;da pyin-cdd,

from the present moment, from henceforth,

frq. ; Odi pyin, id.; de pyin-cdd, rarely de

pyin-nas, Tar. 57, 2 since, since that time,

ever since. 2. outside, pyin rtsig-pa med-

de as there was no wall outside Glr.; pyin-

dgrd a foreign enemy Glr.; pyin-las out-

ward business, foreign affairs Dzl.

pyin-ci-log, anything wrong, in-

correct, deceptive, fallacious; per-

versity; pyin-ci-l6g-gis bsldd-de corrupt, de-

praved by perversity Dzl.; pyin-ci ma log-

paoitis infallible (of a spell), synon. to bden-

pa; ltd-ba pyin-ci ma log-pa correct view,

opinion Pth. ; pyin-ci-log-tu ston-pa to teach

a false doctrine; bio pyin-ci ma log-par,with a never erring mind Mil.

pyin-pa I. B., C. *cin-pa*, Sp. *pin-

pa*, little used in W. : 1. to come,

to get to, advance, arrive; lam pyed tsdm-

du, having got about midway, Dzl.; der

pyin-pa dan, frq.; cuprdg-pa isdm-dupyin-

to, the water reached up to his shoulders,

Dzl.; *pin-na* Sp., is he arrived? sbyin-

pai pa - rol pyin ,that goes farther than

alms-giving, surpasses it, Glr.: dpag-fsddIncur pyin-pa, to be five miles in length,

Dzl. 2. to go, to proceed, stwn-la pyin-

pa, Pth.; ma pyin-par sleb, without going,

without moving from the place, he arrives

at ... Mil.;bud-med del rtsar ma pyin, he

did not go to the woman (euphemist.) Glr. ;

stab-stob-du nan-du pyin-te, he went in,

ran in, in a great hurry. (Probably the

word is cog. to pyi, and therefore = Jbyun-

ba, Ofon-pa.) II. v. Obyin-pa.

rfx" pyir; prop, the termin. of pyi: I. 1.

udv. back, towards the back, behind;

pyir ^on-ba, to come back, to return Dzl.

and elsewh., frq.; also used in a special

sense rel. to re-birth lan-ycig pyir ^6n-ba,

pyir mi ^on-ba v. Jbrds-bu(bzC); pyir Qgro-

ba, pyir Od6n-ba etc., id.; pyir Odiig-pa, to

remain behind, at home, Dzl.; pyir )r>g-

pa, to leave behind, at home, to lay aside,

to lay up, Dzl.; again (rursus), pyir lan-

ba, to get up again, after having fallen;

pyir ldog-pa, log-pa, to come back again,

to return; pyir Idog-pai lam, the way back,

the return, Dzl.; pyir mi ldog-pa, the not

350

of (the house), (be comes) from without.(the village), frq.; -fd-101./ w: id.; -Cdrrripi~log fa-, outside before the (garden) wall.2. mystic: rdtm bgeg8 }Jyi-n>l-tu od::in-pa.to believe goblins aDd demons to be reallyexisting in the outer world Mil. - pyi-sa,excrements S.y.; the supposed food of cerAtain demon" l'lI!!y_ - i'Jli-1Ita 1IV. pyi-la, on account of, v. pyir.S"fl pyi.[cdg, 01.; a blow with the side

of the hund.~

:r~ liyi-fo.ll, threat, menace, Mil. nt.

S·.qC)~· (or .q:r;.::,') Sc:\:.r pyi -lx/d.r (or"\ brdar) byoo-pa,

to clean, to cleanse D::l. and elsewh.; byd4­klJi P!Ji~lx.MI· bilcJl-nas J.."a,i though you tlouot wash your fnce Mil.§"~~ bJi-riw, n kind of ornament, similar

to lKm.~..q' ftyi-ba S.y., opyi-ba Lt., 1. the large

marmot of the highlands of Asia, Are­tomys Boibak. - 2. v. obyi-ba.!l~ h;i-1nO, I. col. ·tz-P!I~' t-pi", grand­

mother, C3. U. v. P!fl II.§c':r Pur. "ftyin-pa·; Ld., £/1. ·pi'i-]K?,

elsewb. ci,;-pa, fel~ "did-pa, to makefelt, to mill, to full &1,.; hili -gur, felt­tent, a T...rtar hut; pyiti-3tan, felt-carpet,felt-covering; hli/i-deb &J..: a wrapper orcover made of felt.S-· pyW C'O hi, alter, following; pyrd-n!J;n,

1 the day niter to-morrow, G..§.c:::.q. pyld-pa I. (v. hi oi f.) to retard,

1 prolong, maintain, with (3e: to main-tain one's life, to earp a livelihood, 'W e.~.

"gar-ra M-te" or· e6.t-si ndli-1lt (u pi~U',

to maintain one's self as a smith, or byreligion, (being a Lama). - 11. to freeze,"kd/j-pa pid-w,j", the foot is frozen, ~uffer­

ing from chilblains; "mig pid wli", the eyesare inflamed, snow-blind, W. (C. "ct").­1IJ. v• .Jtyid; byid.~~. pyin for hi, in certain phrases: l.

pyin-cdd, -eM, later, afterwards, pyin­eM B<wm, bound over for the time to,colPe,e.g. not to do a thing again; du f!iln-ldd,from the present moment, frpm henceforth,

frq.; ill pyin, id.; <k pyin-cdd, rarely depybl-nlU, Tar. 57, 2 since, since that time,ever since. - 2. outside,fyin r~ig-pamid­de llS there was no wall outside Gir.; pyin­dflra a foreign enemy Gir.; pyhl-l(U out­ward business, foreign nfi'"ail'll D::l.S~'~'a:f:rJ' pyill,...Ci'-i6g, anything wrong, in-

cOlTec~ deceptive, fallacious; per­versity; pyin-ci-Mg-gi3 ~hid-decorrupt, de­praved by perversity D::i.; pyln-Ci ma 109­pMitis infallible (of II.SII('l1), synoD. to lxlin­pa; lta-ha pyln-Ci 1711,1 109-pa correct view,opinion Ptk; pyin-Ci-tog-tu st6n-pa to teacha false doctrine; bliJ i1/ln-ci 1711,1 ldg-par,with a never crring mind Mil.~ .. IEC'·...· "S'".s~'q. pym-pa. 'J • em-pa, p. pm-

pa., little used in w.: 1. to come,to get to, advance, arrive; lam j}yed t.!am­

du, IUl\'ing got about midway, D;;;l.; del'hill-pa dUli, frq.; Cu prlig-pa tBdm-du jJyln­w, the water reached up to his shoulders,Dd.; "pill-1lu" 8p., is he arrived? 3byln~

pai J~d - rQlj;yin, tbat goes farther thanalms-giving, surpasses it, Glr.: dpa9-(~(M

biar p!Jin-j)a, to be five miles in length,Dzl. - 2. to go, to proceed, Mldn-la Fyin­pa, Hit.; 1'," i'!Jin-par 3leb, without going,without moving from tbe place, be arri,'csat ... Mil.; bud-mid dti r~ar 1711,1 py;", hedid not go to the womnn (ellphemist.) Glr.;stab·stob-du 71wi-du Jiyin.te, he went in,rnn in, in a great hurry. (Probably theword is cog. to pyi, nnd th",reforc - obyfJli­bu, o(on-pa,) - II. v. obyin-pa..9.::.: pyi,'; prop. the termin, of jiyi: I. l.

adv. back, towards the back, behind;pyir ..IM-bu, to come hack, to return D;;;l,and elsewh., frq.; also used in a speci'llsense reI. to rc-birth lan-rUg fyil' <o,j-ba,pyit mi <oli-ba v. obrds-bu(bzi); hir ofJrQ.ba, jiyir oddlt-ba etc., id.; pyir odug-pa, toremain behind, at home, D::l.; pyir ,,)/'9­pa, to leave behind, at home, to lay aside,to Jay up, Dzl.; again (rursus), pyJr lali­ba, to get up again, after hMing -faileD;j}yir lddg-pa, 109-pa, to come back aguin,to retuCD; pyir lddg-pai lam, the wa.y back,the rctUTll, Dzl.; jiyir mi ldtig-pa, the not

S -

taking place of relapses, the prevention of

them, Jj. pyir zldg-pa, to bring back, to

draw off, to divert from; pyir sdn-par ^i/itr-

6a, to return to life; pyir .s<///.s-wa,s, havingcome to himself again, having recovered,

Dzl.; pyir md-la smrds-pa, he replied to

his mother, Dzl.; pyir-log skyon-pa, to make

one ride backward, with the face to the

horse's tail. "2. postp. e.g. behind, after,

nai pyir e1

^o Pth., will you follow me?come with me? instead of this more care-

lessly: ria pyir Mil.] pyir-bzin=pyi-bzin

fro,-

II. afterwards, hereafter, at a later time

Thgy.; pyir ^on-ba, to come too late Dzl.

III. out, pyir -la out (motion from an

interior to an exterior place), pyir fon-pa,

Oyr6-ba, Oden-ba, fsfys-pa to go out, skyur-

ba, to cast out, pyir bstdn-nas, turned in-

side out (the lining of a coat) Gb\; pyir

Obud-pa Sch.: 'to put out, to remove; to

come to an end, to be completely exhausted';

sgo pyir mi ytoh-ba, not to let out at the

door, to keep locked in or shut up Pth.

In C. also pyi-la is used in this sense.

pyir-zin ace. to Lexx. = *RJ^T more (ex-

ceeding in number or degree).

IV. postp. e.g., a\sopyir-du, more rarely

pyir-na( W. *pi-la*) on account of, 1 . (propter)=

by or through, ciij'rir Kyod di-ltar gyur,

whereby or through what have you got

into this plight? Dzl.^ without Kyod: where

does that come from? Dzl.; *l nad ci /'-

la yons*, by what has this disease been

caused? W.; ynod-pai pyir-du, because I

have done you harm Mil. 2. for, for the

sake of (causa), for the good or benefit of,

from love to Dzl.;

for the purpose of, brtdg-

pai pyir-du, in order to try or to proveGlr. Whether^yr with the infinitive, c->|>.

of one-rooted verbs, is to be resolved bybecause or in order that, can be determined

only by the context.

Star py I- adv. behind, jtVyw /</<// Obyitti,

^behind, i.e. behind your back, voices

are heard; gen. with respect to time: after-

wards, later, pyis Obyun-ba, to arise, to follow,

to come later Wdii.\ also in reference to

things past, of a later date than others

that. had happened before them '/'//-.: /'yfc-

na*ki/<iii, also in future, in after times M>i.\

/>i/''x-nyin, on the following day ( */)/>./.: at some future time, some (future)

day, Dzl. \ da pyis~ da pyin-Zdd Glr. ;

du

pyis= dus pyi ziy-na, subsequently, here-

after l*th.; pyis skye-ba-mdd-pa, one that

in future will not be re-born Mil.;on the

other hand : pyis kye& bu Sch., a son born

after the death of his father;su-btu kyan

pi/is last of all Dzl.] pyis-pa v. Opyi-ba (I.):

it is also construed like a sbst. : . . . fob-

pat pyis sig-na, at a time subsequent to

his having obtained, = after he had ob-

tained Tar. II. sbst. in compounds : clout,

rag, duster, cloth, snd-pyis, Idg-pyis, pydg-

du-mai dpdl-gyis pyvg-par sog, mayI grow rich in the splendour of numerous

accomplishments! pyug-po, adj. rich, >l-t.

a rich man, pyiig-i>o ?tn-po zig a rich

nobleman Mil.; pyug-mo a rich lady ; pyug-

Kydd riches, wealth, opulence Dzl.] pyfy-

par Ogyur-ba to grow rich, bytd-pa to make

rich; pyug-dbul rich and poor; pyug dbul

med no difference between rich and poor

Dzl.

V/W cattle. >//.-/ f>yug& v. t

Ofso-ba to tend cattle Glr.; py

kyi sin-rta Cs., a bullock cart; pyitgs-nad

disease ofcattle, murrain ;n<>/i

-/yity, chattel-.

all kinds of property D:f.

pyvr-buSch. hay-rick, shock of sheaves.

heap of sticks (Mir. i>ifi<r-f><i.to

heap up).

>. pye W. *pe*, resp. yxdn-f>i/i: :i'>. 1 flour.

meal, esp. 2. flour of parched barley.-

rtst'tm-pa. 3. for ]>yt'-nia. dust, powder -tc.:

pye O f(i</-]><t, (sag-pa, to grind corn to flour;

to sieve; pyer Ofdg-pa, to reduce to flour.

- 4. v. byM-pa.- -

rffydgs-fop flour a*

provision for n journey Glr.; *nttn-j* W.

= rt$dm-pa; also parched meal. Ihii/s-pyn

iron filings; rrfo'/'y*, stone reduced to powd.-r.

-mall particles ot stone: spfo-py*, tadndan-

M, sandlewood powder, fumigating

flu ..,j'" JI!I"

taking place of relapses, the prevention ofthein, lAo j Jiyi,· zld$-pa, to bring bnek, todnl1\' off, to di\'crt from; Jiy;,' ~-]Jar o!!!Jllr.ba, to leturo to lifc; Ji!!;,' ",lI'3-71Wl. hAloingcome to himself again, blWing reeMcred,D~l.; i}yir '/ld_la ImrOl-pu., lIe replied tohis mother, Dzf.; f1!!it·_My d:!JtJn-pa, to mllkeone ride bACkward, with the face to thehorse's tAil. - t. postp. e.g. behind, after,1tai JilJi,. " .9'00 Pth., will you follow me?COllie with me? instead of tbis more Care­lessly: .ia Jl!Jir Mil.; hjir.o::in ,.. pyj.b'Zillfrq. -

II. afterwards, hereatler, at a. Inte,· timeThgy.; p!Jir ~dJi-ba, to come too Inte Dzl.

Ill. out, ]Jyir-la out (motion from 3ninterior 10 nn exterior place), jlyi,. fdn-pa,o!!,0-ba, ..d~n.ba, rUy,-pa 10 go out, ,A'!llt'"lxI, to cast out, 1~!Ji" Ntdn-naa, turned in­side out (tbe lining of R coat) Gtr.; fiyir.bUd-llG &/1.: 'to put out, 00 remO\'e; tocome to an end, to becompletelyubausted';'90 ]iyi,. '/IIi ftoil-ba, not to let out at tltedoor, 00 keep locked in or shut up ru.In C. also ftyi-la is used in this sense. ­ftyJ·,.-ziif act. to Leu. -l1U more (u­cceding in number or degree).

IV. postp. e.g., nlso liyir-du, more rurdyliyi,...M( JV. °in_laO) on accountol, 1. (l)ropter)- by or through, Cii Jiir /.!god di-ltw' flY'Jr,whereby or through what have you gotinto this pliRhtY Dzl.; without 1.1g<K1: wheredoes that come from'? Dzl.; oj nad N 1'»­1a !JO/i$0, by wbat has thi~ disease beencaused? TV.; yrnJd-pai pyb:. du, because 1have done you harm Nil. 2. for, for the58ke of (calUa), for the good or benefit of,from love to Dzf.; for the purpose of, b"W[J­pai fnJi"-(lu, in order to try or to proveGlr. Whether ]',yir witll the infinitive, Cl>1'.of one-rooted verbs, is to be resolved bybecaust or in order that, clln be determinedonly by the context.s~r hi" I. adv. behind, pyi.. ,Ii syru .bYII>t,

behind, i.e. behind your back, voicesare beard; gen. with I'espect to time: alter­wards, laler.p.J':'oby~/i-ba, to !lrise, to follow,to C(lme IMer Wdn.; also in.rofGl'ellCC- til

3.\1

things Pl\st, of a la~r date lhan Olhe'"tlmt hl\d hl\ppened before them Gir.; ]!yI.­lIuJlk!Jwi, also in fulurt, In _lIet times Mil.;Ji!ia-nyin, on the following d.y (- ,.....)D::l.: at some future time. SOme (future),111.y, D:.f.; da l"Y;' _ da l1P,,-lM Gir.; dIU

Ii!!" '"' dllJl]iyi ~ig-na, subse«ueutly, here­.fter PM.; hfi' "~a-'1Itid-pa, one th.tin future will not be re-born MiL; on theother !lalld: l}yiJl"/P" bit &4.• II. SOli bornllfter the death of hi, father; ,u../xu .tya"pyiJllast of all D:l.; hll,-pa \'. Jiyl-ba (I.);it is also construed like n sbst.: ... fob­pai pyiJI iig_na, at a time subsequent \0bis baving obt.1incd, _ after he hAd ob­tained Tar. - n. sbst. in compounds: clout,rag, duster, cloth, iltid-hU, lti[J-jiyl., fJyd!f'liyia; ]iyi8.pa, v. "l~yl./Ja II.:t.:tr.q' hJug-pa udj. rich. :uso fig.: yQlI.tall-...0 dl/.'-mai dpa1-g!Ju liyt.fJ-par JQS, UlayI grow rich in the s[llendour of numerousaccomplishments! liyVfJ-PO' adj. rich, sbst.a rich man, pyUfJ - po Un ·1>0 Z1y 1\ richoobleman Mil.; l;Y"U·nw II. rich lady; pyll[J­I!ydd riehu, weAlth, opulence D:l.; ftlJ"fJ­PO" ofIYwr-ba to grow rich, byid-pa to mAkericb; ]iyug-dlN1 rich lod poor; 1''!fUfJ dbtdlIltd no difference betWC'C1I rich l\nd IlOOrD:l.~~ liyuya, cattle, 'goi ';yl'9' v. .yo ;liYUfJ'-...0 ,,{JIC.-ha, to tend CAttle Glr.; pyilg.­kyi ,iA-rla c.., a bullock cart; PY;'!JN'a4disuse ofcatde, murrain; M/'-/;Y"!J', e1H,ttel$,.11 killds of prOperty D:l.~~!3' pyu,..l", &". hay-ri<:k, shockofsheavel,-...0 heap of sticks (&nr. o1'!litr-lxl, 10

Ileap up)., • 11' 0" 0 •• ' ,'1 1 fto'·~. f',V' . pt, resp. fMII"J'~•• Iu. • ....

meal, eSI'. 2. flOUr of parched barley.­rhr.im~pa._ 3. for p~PHa. dust, powdert'tc.;hit .faY_Pll, (,o.fJ-pa, to grin,l corn to flour;to sio\'e; PY" ofog-pa, to reduce to flOllr._ 4. \'. /J~P(l. - "'Jyd!/l-J~~ 1I1'ur II-~

.. f . GI 0" , ... 11'l'rO\'l~IOn or R Journey r.: ,,111t_}'C •

_ TI~lim~pa; also pllrelled meal. IM!p./~y~

iron filillg.>irt.M·l1Yt,slolle redtl~ to 1'O,,·der.smAll pArtieios of slone; 'I"'P~ Uliltliaft­bJil~-t1tl-1, ,andlewood powI!er, fumigaLing

352'

pye-ma-Ub pyogs

powder; bdg-pye wheat flour; brdg-pyesmall fragments of stone, produced by stone-

cutting Glr. ; sih-pye saw-dust ; "fser-pye gold-dust

; pye-Kug flour-bag ; pye-sgye flour sack;

Cs. '. 'a double pouch for meal'; pye-snod,

flour-tub; pye-por Cs. a box for meal; pye-

pdd, flour-bag; pye-ban, flour -store; pye-

ma, dust, powder; saw -dust, filings etc.;

pye-mar termin. ofpye-ma; pye-mdr (Hindi

VfHr-$)fl ur roasted with melted butter,

sweetened with sugar, considered a dainty.

pye-ma-Ub Lex , *pe-ma - leb - tse*

W., butterfly.

?r- pyed I. half; pyed-dan-ynyis ('which

T ' with an additional ^ would be -2')

one and a half etc.; brgya-prdg pyed-dan-

ysum, two hundred and fifty; *ydn-ce' C.,

*ydn-ped, ped-di(san) ped, ped-yan-ped* W.one fourth, a quarter; yuh-pyed one eighth

(little used); mi-pyed half a man, also used

for woman Pth. (n.f.); zla-pyed v. zld-ba;

zla-ba-pyed-pa, lasting half a month, e. g.

a disease. pyed-ka, -pa, -ma, Cs., pyed-

po Cs. and vulg. one half; pyed-ma also:

partner to one half; Odii ndn-na nai pyed-ma zig kyan yod-de, as I have still a partnerin this business

; pyed-krufi, half &skyil-krun

(q. v.), drawing in one leg, and stretchingout the other Glr.- pyed-glin, peninsula;

pyed-brgydd= pyed-dan-brgyad hence sbst. :

half a rupee,= 7^ points on the gold-steel-

yard C.

II. v. Obyed-pa.

|k'hen (vulg- pen), wind, flatulence Med.;

y yton-ba, to let go a wind; pyen sor

son, a wind has escaped (me etc.); pyen-dbiigs Cs., id.; pyen-dri, a low, soft wind.

pyo-pyo, *co-co zer-wa*, to Set On or

at (to set a dog at a person) C.

" Py9s * S'de, direction; pyoys gan-nas from whence? pyogs der, there,

thither, in that direction; yul dei pyogs-su

or -la) son, proceed in the direction ofyondervillage; ltdg-pa (for -pai) pyogs-su Wdn.towards the nape of the neck; pyogs ycig-tu or -la towards one side, in one direc-

tion; also for together, e.g. to sweep to-

gether, to heap together; vulgo also for

at the same time, at once; Kyim-pai pyogs-su byin-pas, bestowing on lay-men Dzl.;

cospyogs-su yton-ba to spend for pious pur-

poses Mil. in the same manner: dge-bai

pyogs-su, to devote to benevolent designs

Mil.-, for, in behalf of, for the benefit of:

ytdn-groys pyogs-su si-lcebs byed-pa, to die,

to undergo death for the sake of husband

or wife Mil.; in letters usually: de-pyogs-

su, there with you, Odi-pyogs-su, here with

us. 2. quarter of the heavens, the cardinal

points of the horizon; pyogs bzi, the four

points of the compass; pyogs bzir, round

about, in all directions; e.g. round (a person

or place); pyogs bzi-nas, from all sides;

frequently also pyogs bcu, the ten points

of the compass are spoken of, which are

the following: sar, sar-lho, Iho, Iho-nub,

nub, nub-bydn, byan, byan-sdr, sten- and

^.og-pyogs (Zenith and Nadir); pyogs-skyoh,

pyogs-skyoh-rgydl-po, lha cen-popyogs-skyon-

ba bcu similar to jig-rten-skyon (v. skyon-

ba), yet ten in number; rgya-gdr-gyi sdr-

pyogs-na, to the east of India; rgya-gdr

sdr-pyogs-pa-rnams, the eastern Indians.

- 3. sa-pyogs, country, region, neighbour-

hood, part, dben-pai sa-pyogs, lonely region,

solitary part; jigs pai sa-py6gs, an unsafe

country; yul-pyogs id., nai sa-pyogs-na in

my country Mil., C. 4. part, party, also

pyogs-ris; yzdn-la pyogs Ogyur-ba, to take

another man's part, to side with a certain

person Thgy.; pyogs-(ris) byed-pa c. genit.

W., *cog-(ri} co-ce*, pyogs Odzin-pa Tar.y

pyogs tsam rig -pa Tar. 119,4 id.; pyogs-

med impartial, sine ira et studio, gen. in a

Buddhist ascetic sense: indifferent to every

thing; pyoys-ca Mil., pyogs-lhun Lea;., prob.

also pyogs-zen Tar. 184,22, partial, inter-

ested \pijogs-cairtdg-pa, hesitation, scruples,

arising from still feeling an interest in a

thing Mil.;

in a general sense it is used

in: pyogs-mfsuhs-pa similar Wdn., Tar.;

pyogs-mfun- du Tcxr. 190,16 ought to be

rendered: appropriate, suitable, adequate;

rdh-pyogs one's own party, yzdn-pyogs the

other or opposite party ; ynyen-pyogs friends,

dgrd-pyoys enemies;dkdr -

pyoas the good,

352

po\\'der; lxJy-hi wheat 110ul"; bnig - iwesmall fragmenliofstone, IlfOduced by gtoDe~

cuttingGil'. ; 8i~·i'ge sa.w.dust; rser~iyegold­dust; he-illig flour-bag j pye-sgye flour sack;(i.; 'a double pouch for meal'; pye--8l16d,flour-tub; pyt-']ldr Ca. a box for meal; P!I()­pad, flour-bag; l'ye-ban, flour-store; riye­1110., dust, ),owderj saw-dust, filings etc.;he-mar termin. ofJiye-ma; he-mar (llimli~ flour roasted with melted butter,sweetened with SUg'M, considered a dainty.S-~.~. PI/Mila-lib LM, ·pe-ma-lcb- tU'"

1Y., butterfly.§:~. pyed J. hal'; pyed.dail-l"9!S ('which

with an additional t would ue ;; 2')one and a half etc.; br!!!Ja·firrig ,;ycd-dmi.)"l'tm, two hundred and fifty; ·!ltHI-Ce' C.,·yuli-jJed, pid-diC.a/i) fed, Pid-!Jali-Pal~ n:one fourth, a quarter; Ylui-/J!Jtd ono eighth(little used); mi-iJyid half a man, also usedfor woman Pth. (n.f.); :la..pyid v. zlti-ba;Zw.-ba-hJM~pa, lasting half a month, e. g.a disease. - pyed-ka, -pa, -ma, C•., J!ykl­po c.. and vulg. ooe half; pyid-ma also:pnrtner to ODe half; cdii ndti-na nai JiyM­ma zig kya,i !1M-de, as J bave still a parlnerio this business; liyed-kru", half a 'lrJIil-kru"(q. v.), drawing in one leg, nud stretchingout the other GI,..; ftyed - gli,;, peninsula;1Iyl<l,.-/n'9!ldd-Jlyffl-do.it-!nglJad hence sbsl.:balf a rupee, = 7~. points on tile gold-steel­}'ard C.

II. v. cbyMrpa.5~' j'1Jen (vulg. pen), wind, flatulence Med.;

rUM-va, to let go a wind; p!len 'OJ',w,;, a wind has escnped (me etc.); l}yen­dbUfP Ca., id.; Jlyffi-dJ'i, a low, soft wind..,.::~ pyo.p!Jd, -i'll-W zh",ca-, to set on 01'

at (to set 0 dog at a p<'l'Son) C.S~~;r p!J09' I. side, direction; Py<JfJ' gar,-

naB from whence? ftiJOf/l del', there,thither, in that direction; yul dei P!JOgS-8U

or-la}sQli, proccell in the direction of}'oodel'village; ltdg-pa (for -pai) plJdgs·su Wd,i.towards the nape of the neck; }}YO[js rNy­tu or -Ja towards one side, in onc-Fdirel'rtiOD; also for together, e.g. to sweep to­gethCJ', to beap together; \'ulgo:al$O for

at the same time, at once; liyiflrpai pyOgs­Itt by/n-pal, bestowing on lay-men Dzl.;cQ$ p!Jdgs-su ytdil-ba to spend for pious pur_poses Mil.; in the same manner: dgt-balJi!JOgNtI, to de\'ote !() benevolent designsMil.; for, in behalf of, for the beaefit of:ytdJl-fllllg. hdtl&-su Ai-lUbI byM-pa, 10 die,to undergo death for the sake of busl/andor wife Mil.; in letters usually: dt.p!JOfJs­IU, there with you,cd{"Ji!/Ogs-SIl, here withus. - 2. quarter of the heavens, the cardinalpoints of the horizon; P1JOg8 b!;i, the fourpoints of the compass; pyogs vzi,', roundabout, in all directions; e.g. round (0. personor place); PM8 bZ{-1M8, from all sides;frequentl}' also jJyogs bi:u., the ten poiutsof the compass are spoken of, which arethe following: sal', jar-lIld, lho, llw.nub,nub, mw-b!Jdil, vyal', byali-idl', 8t/Ii- and#dg-hJOfls (Zenith and Nadir); PYOflNkydn,PlI(){lNJ.yoil-f·fl!Jdl-po, lhac!n-popjQgNkyoli­ba bCu gimilar to jig-rten·.h}Qil (v. ,!yd,,­00), yet ten in number; rg!Ja-gdr--gyi Jdr­J}!J0f!8-na, to tbe east of India; YfJya-gdrsdr-hJOgs-pa-rnam", the eastern Indians.- 3. •a-h/ogs, country, region, neighbour.hood, part, dkn-pai sa-hOgs, lonely region,solitary part; jigs pai sa.pyoy" an unsafecountry; '!J!Il-twdgs id_, liai sa-p!Jdgs-na inmy country Mil., C_ :- 4. part, party, alsoP!JO[I8-riS; rzdn-Ia p!J09s c9yuJ'-ba, !() lak.eanothCJ' man's part, to side with a certainperson Thff!l.; pyogs-(ri.} b!Jed-pa c. genit.W_, -Cog-(rE) M-Ce", PjQg8 cdzin-pa Tar.,

/Jy(l('p taam ,·jO·pa Tar. 119,4 id.; liyogs­111M impartial, 8im ira It studiu, gen. in ..Buddhist ascetic sense: indifferent to everything;pydy,-ra Mil., pydgs-lhUli Lu., prob.aJso pydgs-?:1!1l Tar. 184,22, partial, inter­ested ;p!f0fJ8-cai rtdg-pu, hesitation, scruples,arising from still feeling lin interest in athing Mil.; in a general sense it is usedin: p!J09s-tIIAu,i8.pa similar Wdn., Tar.;p!!OfP-mfun· du T~·. 190,16 ought-to berendered: appropriate, suitable, adequate;ra,i-Jl!/Of/8 one's own part}', yMn.p1JOUs theother or opposite party; rnyin-P1JOUs friends,dgni.q,!P!JI enemies; d}air... -P!l(IIJi ttle good,

353

the well-disposed, <-sp. the good spirits ///-/-

/'//".'/. *//./-/<///-,//// /v/,

v/s the bad, malicious,

-.(>.the evil spirits, devils. 5. in popular

language the word is used also with respectto time: *Ka~sau-$t6n-coys* />/., last autumn.

pyfy*-p<* I. vb. to turn vb. n., c6n-

l(t to turn to religion Sc/tr.; /////

j\i/m/s-pa to turn one's self back, to turn

a-itlc(,SV//r. />//// I\I/('>(/K

- par bycd-pa, to

divert from, to dissuade from) Tar. 12, 14

28, 9. Oci-Kar pyoys-pa turned to dying =near dying? K6r-ba-la ryydb-kyis pydgs-

li, to turn one's back to the orb of trans-

migration; mnon-dufryoys-pa, l.to be visible,

to be evident, to be exposed to view(?), Iho-

/'ts-sit nn'ii'ni-du pyoys-pai brag-las Jbijin't-

ba growing on a surface rock on the south-

side Sambh.', don de mnon-du pyogs-parbyd-baipyir, in order to bring this meaningto the light, tp express it clearly Gram.^.}.1. to be openly or evidently attached to, to

adhere to(?) rgyud-la to a Tantra or treatise

Sambh.

II. adj., sbst., attached to, following; a

partizan, an adherent.

pyod-pa Cs. progress, pyod ce-ba,

great progress; Lex.: sa-pyod-ce v.

cod.

'

J\i/or Mil., prob. for nicor.

a- pra, Opra, ornament (?), jewel (?) pro,r9Vag-pa, rgydb-pa, Ogod-pa, Odebs-pa,

Sch. also pros sprd-b'a, to insert an orna-

ment of jewels, to stud with jewels; rmog-la pad-ma-ra-gai pra btdb-pa de, this set

of rubies on the helmet, this helmet stud-

ded with rubies Glr.;rin-cen sna-fsogs-ki/ix

pra bk6d-pa Mil.; pra-fsom border, trim-

ming, Lex.

ba, vanities, i.e. passions, errors, er-

roneous notions.

v. prag-ddg.

1. v. Opra-ba. 2. Lt. a disease

of children. 3. adj., gen.prd-mo (jtX-.

also bo) thin, fine, minute, opp. to sbdm-po

q.v., sbrul prd-mo zig Tar.; in a general

sense, little, ma\\, wnu-can prd-mr>-rndnu ;

iiii-fii-ii-ntn, little as to age, young, Mtrifling, little, slight, rndm-r(

!f /,//-////, *lijjht

scruples, Mil.: /</,//// /,,-d-mo, a little lie,

a fib, Thgy.; *(d-mo-ne ton-wa, lab -pa*,to see, to inspect most accurately, to learn

the minutest details, f'. ; thin, high, rel. to

voice W.; pra-zib L^r., fine and exact; kin-

tu prd-ba, in reference to the doctrine of

Buddha, implying prob. its subtilties. Cf.

pran.

5T$j* pragma, calumny, slander, esp. throughtell-tales and intermeddling persons

B. and col.; prd-ma bycd-pa Dzl., smrd-ba

Cs.,jug-pa B. and 6'., *co-ce* W., resp.

(when referring to a person of higher rank)

ysol-ba, zu-ba, to calumniate, slander, vilify,

blacken; pra - ma - mkan Cs. calumniator,

slanderer.

pra-men, sorcery, witchcraft >

so prob. Pth.: mt-dgos-pai pra^mfn~

///// nan-snags, an evil magic spell of per-nicious necromancy; pra-men -po and -pa

masc., -mo and -ma fern., necromancer,

wizard, witch; pra-men rdzd-ki (for dzo-gi,

prd-mo, v. prd-ba\ Zf'Offl&fjtra-bags,

v. jyrd-ba.

rm* prag provinc. also dbrag, srag, 1 . in-

'

termediate space, interstice, interval.

hence prdg-tu = bar- flu Thgy.; a hollow,

ravine, defile; *min-prdg v. smin-ma. 2.

after cardinal numbers it seems to corre-

spond about to the Greek subst. termina-

tion ag: ben-frag a decade, brgya-frdg a

hundred (century), ston-prdg a thousand

(chiliad), brgya-prdg fcig, brgya-frag bcii\

ston-prdg bbi-bcu-kig, a number of forty

thousand Dzl.', bdun-frdg, f(idn^tdgyweek

(recognized as a measure of time, but in

common life not much in use).

prdg-pa, 1. sbst, resp. tku-jrdgshoulder, prag -pa- la *l-ba Glr.,

togs-pa Sambh. to load on one's shoulder;

gr6gs-poi fn-dg-pa-la Odztg-pa, to mount the

shoulder of one's companion Dzl. : upper

arm, *

m

ttl! wel!.disposed, esp. tile good sllirilil, nag_Jt!J09', Mliy'(:(IrI-rJ!Ji hlQ{p the bad, malicious,esp. the evil spirits, dc\'ils. - 5. ill l}I)flulnrIlwgullge the \\"ord is usl'd nlso with rcsl>cctto time: 'A'a'3wi-atd,I_Cotj«' hi" last autumn.

~'9'-'~.f:.r li!Jd9.~-pa 1. vb. t~ ~um vb. n" ~dIl.fa to turn to religIOn &I.r.; JIYI"

Ji!Jfkjf-JIa to turn one's self back, to turnIlside (&111'. hir ]i!Pfl-par (,!f&l-paJ todi"crt from, to di~l>ul\de from) Tar. 12,14i8,9, oci-l.!ar p!JCfJ3-pa turned to dying­Denr d}'ing¥ J!Or-/m_la ':Jydb-J.yia Ji!J093­pa, to turn one's bllCk to tbe orb of trnns­llligriltioll; 1J11iQII-dUhJdfls-pa, t.lo beYisible,10 be evident. to be exposed to view(?), VIC­,;0.,-311 1I11idn-d1l ]j!J6ga-pai [mi!l-/al obylui­ba gro\'\'ing on A surfReC rock OD the south­side SWIIM.; don db mri6n-du I1Jd!j3-1'm'bya-haiFyir, in order to bring this menningto the ligllt, t4l express it dearly Gl'am.(J).'2. 10 be openly or eVidently attached to, toadhere to(?) '!I!JIid-la to n Tantm or trelltiseSamhll.

II. adj., sbst., attached to, following; apartizan, an adherent

~~·.:r l';yod· pa C3. progreu, Ji!JOd ce-ha,great progress; u.-c.: 3a..Ji!J<Xl-ce ".

'od.~.z;.·1i!JOr Mil., Juob. (or 1IIevr.

;r iiru., oJ/ra, ornament (J), jewel (?) liraI'f/yd!f-pa, r!f!ldh-pa, o!J&l-pa, oJebf·pa,

&11. 1Iiso l~"a3 &prd-ba, to insert Itn omt\.­lDent o( jewels, to stud with je""els; rmog­[Il ]Jad.ma-l"lI-gai IJra btdlJ.pa d~, this seto( rubies on the helmet, this helmet stud·ded with rubies Gt,..; ,·i'l·cen sna-f8Qgs-J..·!fislira bkQd-pa Mil.; Jil'a ..fwm border, trim..ming, Lu.;rrli~r Jira.rfJ!Ju3 IVa,. (241)-bdfJ·la ll!Jdl-

-;;; hQ, vanities, i.e. passions, errors, cr·TQIlOOUS notiolls.

~r¥r lira.J6g v. lirQg.rMg.

;t..q'prli.ba I. v. ,.jJra-ba.- 2. Lt. n di$.elt~e

"'.; of children. - 3. lldj., gen./"'d-mo (u.1\180 ho) thi!!, fine, minI/Ie, opp. to ,htJllj.pflq.v., ,sbnd lirJ."'1I1() ~ig Tar.; in A gl<neml

353

sense, little, small, II,,*c"n ,wti.wao-nrli"... ;nti·lJm-1fw, liule IIoll to age, young, MiL;trining,litlle, slight, rmim-rtoy l".d.,,/O .liglJt..cruples, ,1/i/.; rdzull lini-mo, a little lie,It fill, 1'''9Y'; -(d-1110-1l( fdli.tea, ldb-pu-,to see, 10 inspect mOt>t accurately, to leunthe minutest delllils, C; thin, high, rei. tovoice w.; l".a-:,6 /"u., fine and exact; .,,...tHo 1',,-I1·bu, in re(erenee to the doc'trine oflluddha, implying IJrob. il! .5ubtillieJl. Cf.]ltall.

Q"~' ]irl1-1lla., calumny, slander, esp. tbroUj!;htell .. tales and intenneddling penKlnJI

11. nnd col.; P"U-1IIQ hyitl-]Ja D:l., ,mrd-baU., )ug-p'~ 11. and C., -ro-a- W., resp.(when referring to", person of higher rallk)r~I-6a, .Z!i-6a, to calumniate, sl::t.bder. vilify,bll\Cken; imi ·1I11l- mfan u. CAlnmniator,~lallderer.

:r~~' pra. 1Iib1 , sorcery, witchcraft &ltr.;so prob. 1'111.: '1IIi.-tJgo._pai lwa-mht­

gyi 1ian..,iltig'. 1\11 e"il magic spell o( per.nicious necromancy; 1'wa·rllm·PO and .pamasc.• -me and -ma fem., necromlUu:er,wi1.ard, witch; jiJYN11ffl rd.:d-J..-i (for tJ:o..gi,.ntlP0 ;d.

:1'5:(lira-m(l, v. pra-ba; ~~~.fl;"a.Jag"v. o,wrj-ba."':fl' jwag provine. I\lso dbr"fJ, "afl> I. in·'::l termediate space, interstice, jnterv.~hence Prdf}.tl~ - !Hir-dll T"mJ.; a hollow,ravine, defile; 8lnin-pnifJ v. 'm'''....a. - 2.After cl\rdillul numbeN it seems t.o corte·spond about to tile Greek Ilubst. tc!rmin....tion u,: beu·jJrdg A dee-de, br9!JU·irdg II

hundred (century), ,toli-]1rd9 a thou511od(c1liliad). brgya-j",og rNg, hrgya.J>rag b<-Ii;stoli.Jirdg hzi-bl:tI-=iQ, a number of (ortythousand D:l.; bJlIIl-J>rUfJ, lJldll/la~, w~k

(reoognited as a measure of lime, lIut incommon life not Illueh in use).;pJ'.::J' /".og - po., 1. sbsl, resp. tlu.·lrdg

shoulder, ,w-ti[J- pa.la .gil-ba Glr.,feg,-pa SumJill. to load on one's shoulder;grdgs"p<n' iwtig.'li1 ..la od:lfJ·pa, to mount theshoulder of one's compllnion D:I.; upperar. \ZW,fZ)(' l'lIyi... A:yi iu D:l., jJrng-gdit

"

354

pran

Lt. id. --2. vb., also Oprdg-pa, to envy,

to grudge, 6s.; prag-ddg, pra-dog, the envy,

prag-dog skye envy is stirring within me,I envy, frq. ; prag-dog-can, envious, grudg-

ing, jealous Pth.

Zfii' pran, v. Opran.

-. prad, fsig-prdd,prdd-kyiyi-ge, particle,^ '

e.g. rndm-dbye-prad the signs of the

cases, kyij la etc.

prdd-pa v. Oprdd-pa; p'rdd-po for

Krdd-po Wdn.

Pran> prdn-bu, (Ts. also^mw-

te)=prd-mo, little, small, trif-

ling, yet more in particular phrases, and less

used in books, than in common life, esp.

in C. : *rin iem-blm te-dhe* (lit.: sprad-de)

having paid, spent a trifle; *zu-ba tem-bhu

zig* a small request; *tem-bhu big* a little

bit C. ; as sbst. : 1 . part of the body (whether

in a general or a more particular sense, I

have not been able to ascertain); in me-

dical writings thepran-bui nad form a class

of their own; yan-ldg-gi pran ycod-pa Glr.,

to maim, to mutilate parts of the body (not

necessarily to castrate Sch.). 2. knives and

other small instruments used in surgery

Med. 3. pran-rdn in the polite episto-

lary style the person of the writer, 'my own

little self, 'your humble servant'; prdn-la

rdn-gi= to me my . .

.,inst. of: hd-la na-rdn-

gi. pran-fsegs, trifles, minor matters; Odul-

ba pran-fsegs-kyi yzi the minutiae of reli-

gious discipline, Dulva.

rtsdg, pran-ne-rtsag-tsi stated

to be -pyin-ci-log Ld.

*

pran-fsegs v. prdn-bu extr.

v. prdl-ba; 5T^" pri-ba v. Opri-

ba; ^^N" p/rid v. sbrid-pa.

a*, prin, Oprin, news, tidings, intelligence,^

message, prin bzdn-po, good tidings,

favourable accounts; prin-bkur-mJcan, mes-

senger, \\i\go' prin skur-ba, sprin-ba to send

word, information, Kyer-ba, to bring tidings,

intelligence; sprod-pa, Oprod-pa to deliver;

smrd-ba, r)6d-pa, byed-pa to report, to de-

prugs

liver messages orally; to superiors: ysol-ba,

zu-ba', to inferiors: sgo-ba, ysuh-ba; fco-boi

prin yah de-la byos sig deliver a messageto him also from me Dzl. ; prin-ytam mes-

sage, report 6s.; prin-pa messenger ;

news-

monger 6s.; prin-bzdh gospel Chr. Prot.;

prin-yig letter, epistle; prin-ldn answer to

a message.--

prin-lds (W.*cag- Ids*) 1.

resp. for las labour, business; deed, work,

frq.; rdb-tu-ynds-pai prin- las mdzad (the

Buddhas) performed the work of consecra-

ting Glr.; prin-lds rnam bzi the same as

zi-rgyas-dbah-drdg-gi prin-lds Glr., v. ex-

planation under zi-ba\ prin-lds col-ba,prin-bcol byed-pa ccdpar. to commit a thing to

another person's care or trust, e.g. before

going on a journey; in reference to gods:to recommend to their protection or blessing

Glr. and elsewh. 2. po. for prin-lds-pa

commissary Glr., where Avalokitesvara is

called prin-lds of all Buddhas. 3. effi-

ciency, power Mil.

pru-gu v. prug.

pru-ba, Op'ru-ba - Kog-ma earthen pot,

pan, stew-pan.

j. pru-ma, Opru-ma 1. uterus, matrix of

animals, or ace. to 6s. merely the in-

teguments of the eggs ;ace. to some, also

the urinary bladder. - - 2. encampment, =

dmag-sgdr Lex.

prug 1. in compounds for prug-gu,

pru-gu child, a young one (of animals);

prug-gu-mo a little girl 6's.; priig-gu skyed-

pa to beget children, yso-ba to rear, to bring

up (children) ; prug-gu skye a child is born;

sor a miscarriage, abortion, takes place;

prug-gui dus childhood; dd-prug orphan;

nal-p'rug bastard; gldn-prug the young one

of an elephant; sen-prug a lion's cub etc.;

metaph. of disciples and subalterns: fson-

prug the merchants of a caravan in their

relationship to their leader fson-dpon. 2.

fine cloth or woollen stuffs Wts., snam-prug

id., dbus-prug woollen goods from U Mil.

prugs one day with the night, a pe-

riod of 24 hours, but this sig-

nification does not hold good in every case.

3M

Lt. id. - 2. vb" also ol~l'dg-pa, to envy,to grudge, OJ.; frag-dOg,pm_d6y, the CDV)',

prag'llOf! skye envy is stirring within me,I envy, frq,; pag.dlig-i:an, en\'ious, grudg.ing, jealous Ptk

!EF' frari, v. oprati,

~.c;,' prad, (sig-prM, lmld-k!Ji yl-fll!, particle,e.g. rndm-db!Je-prud tbe signs of ule

cases, fryi, fa etc.Q::::"f preid-pa v. oPrtirl'lJa; prrid.po for

I Ilrad-po Wd,i.

~ir" Q~'e' prat/,p"ali-Im, (Ts. also P"all­'p te)-ltrd-'tflo, little, small, trif·

ling, )'et wore in pArticulAr pbmses, and lessused in books, tban in cowmon life, esp.in C.: -rill (im-M" tl-dhe" (lit.: ~lUl-de)

having paid, spent n. trifle; -Z1i-ba fim-bhuzi[/ a small request; -/rm-bl.u i;jg~ l\ littlebit C.; as sbst.: 1. part of the body (wbetherin :1 geneml or a more particular sense, Ihave not been able to ascertain); in me­dical writings the pran-bui nad form" elassof thcir own; yan-ltifJ-yi pan yrod-pa Glr.,to maim, w mutilate parts of the body (notnecessarily to castrate &h.). - 2. knives andotber small instruments used in surgeryMed. - 3. pran-rdil. in the polite episw­hry style the person of the writer, 'my ownlittle self', 'your humble servnnt'; imin-iardli-gi = to me my .. " inst. of: lid-lIPia-rdri­gi. - p'an-utg8, trilles, minor matte,,; odul­ba ftran-{Ugt-kyi yZi the minutiae of reli­gious discipline, Dulv/\..Q~'K9' l)f'an-rudg,Fmn-ne-rtsag-mi stated

to be = ftyin-i:i-IdfJ Ld.

Q~~' pran-uCg8 v. J'JI'an-bu extr.

~

~' pal v. pr/il-ba; ;p=r pri-ba v. oPr!.-

ba; ~~' fn'id \'. 8bl·id-pa.

~~ prin, oftrin, news, tidings, intelligence,message, pnn buiii-po, good tidings,

favoumble accounts; prin-bkur-m/(an, mes_senger, vulgo;tJrin 8/.:ll/·-/)a, spl-iii-ba to sendword, information, Kyir-ba, to bring tidings,intelligence; sprQd-pa, oftrdd-pa to deliver;!mra-ba, r)&d-pa, b!Jed-pa to report, to de·

liver messages orally; to superiors: YSQl-ba,zu-ba; to inferiors: !fIO-ba, ysuli-bll.; IM-boithin yaii lli-ia b!JC3 Mg deliver a messageto him also from me Dzi. j l)rin-ytam nles·sage, report (,'8.; ]irirv-pa messenger; news­monger Q,; p"ln-bzdii gospel ChI'. Pro!.;pl'in-y(g letter, epistle; l;rin-idn answer tol\ message. - jJl'in.llb (lv. "cay-Ms-) J.re~p. for las labour, business; deed, wor1c,frq.; "a!J-w-ynd3-pai pl'in.las mdzad (theBuddhas) performed the work of consecra·tiog Glr.; pn"n.{4, rnam bzi the sulne asZi-I'!IYa&-dball-drdg-9i p'rin-ldA GII'., v, ex­planatioo under U-ba; prm-IdA 'Wl-ba,prirv­bi,'6l byid-po. ccdpar. to commit a thing toanotber person's core or trust, e.g. beforegoiog on a journey; in refereace to gods:to recommend to tbeir protection or blessingGIl'. and elsewh, - 2, po. for p,·in·{4,-pacommissary Gil'., where A\'alokitesvam iscalled :frln-idA of all Buddbas. - 3. effi­ciency, power Mil.

~-~. prU-[IU \'. Jlru!J.;[.q' pni-lJa, oPrU-ba = A'dfJ-ma earthen pot,"" pan, stew-pan.;[54"' ]),1i-1l1a, Jli-u-ma 1. uterus, matrix 01"" animals, or acc, to u. merely the in­teguments of the eggs; ace. to some, alsothe urinary bladder, - 2. encampment, =dmag-sgdr La.~ prufJ 1. in compounds for pl'ifg. [ltI,

"" p'rU-gu child, a young one (of animals);pru[I-[JU-1Ilo a little girl ('8.; pnig-[IU sk!Jid­]XJ 10 beget chi1dren,~o-/)ato rear, to bringup (cllildren);prug.gu skye a child is born;~or a miscarriage, abortion, takes pluce;lmig-glli dU3 childhood; da.p'rug orphao;nal..pr'U{! bastard; gldil-f'1n1{J the young oneof nn elephant; 3hi-p'r'U{! II. lion's cub eh:.;metaph. of disciples llnd subalterns: (-'OIi­

prUg tho merchants of 1\ enra"an in theirrelationship to tbeir leader (so>i-dpdn. - t.fine cloth or woollen stuffs Wts., snam-p'rUgid., dbWJ-prug woollen goods frorn-O Mil,

~~. Jirug. olle day with tho pi~bt, a pc­"" riod of 24 hours, - but this sig­nification does not hold good in ever)' case,

888

/>an

v.

~?xr y/v//// /./ ami N.I/.'

i>rnin-riis cartilage,

^ gristle.

<rHin Sik. = pum-pum.

ZyV /-/<//' N.

-

j>r<i-mO.

^T pri'i'i-lm v.

/''m/

> /''m/

' cross, transverse; across.

athwart, obliquely; i>ml-du, col. */Y</-

-la*, crossways, in a cross direction;

I> r>'<! -lain, :i path (horizontal or inclined)

leading along the side of a mountain, (cf.

on the other hand Opran); pred-ytdn bolt

or bar of a gate;*fed-la (fd/t-po*, horizon-

tal W.

pro-bo something like: a child's frock

or chemise Ld. (?)

prog etc. v. jpvoq;

prol v. cj?V06, p-0Z.

pros v. Opr6-ba.

", OT />ro6,

Pd9-Pa, pf- ;%s>

' to rise, to be

raised, e.g. a post or stake raised

by the frost; to soar up, to fly up to heaven,a miraculous feat often performed by the

saints ot legends, Dzl. and elsewh.; of raysof light, Dzl. and elsewh.

; fig. : to be higher,more elevated, del steii-du (or de-las) dpag-fsdd brgyad-Kri (or more accurately Krix)

Opdgs-so Glr., l*th., (this region) lies by80000 miles higher than thaUS^.; to grow

larger, longer, of the apparent lengtheningof the teeth when aching W.

;of horses : to

rear, to rise up on the hind-legs; more par-

ticularly of the deifying of saints; thus the

demi-god-like king Srontsansgampo in his

farewell speech says: Kijed kun Opdgs-/>tn'

l>!lin-rlabs yin I am the divine instrument

of your elevation (your elevation-blessing),

he who will effect your ascent to heaven

or deification; part.pf. /'</r/s-/> (/. ^rfo),

sublime, exalted, raised above, pal-la* Opdgs-

par bzdn-ba a more than ordinary beauty

Dzl.', yzan-pas Opdgs-par gyur-to he far

excelled others Dzl.', tfy(id-(pcir) pays-(pa),

distinguished, excellent glorious. >/nl-l<u Kyad-

Opag* /y//^-'////-//7//Jndiu, the most glon

country; nor-*n<i/i/(i</-/xir pdg-j)abrgyai

Obul-ba an offering of a hundred of the most

costly kinds of jewels /'//,.; pgp. in refe-

rence to holy persons, things, places etc. ;

title of saints, and teachers of religion, with

the fern. pd</8-ma; Opdg*-pa 'par excellence'

is Avalokitesvara, in W. esp. the one, that

has his throne at Triloknath in Chamba,v. re- pdgs-, the word is also frq. used as

an epithet, placed at the head of the title-

pages of religious writings; lastly it is a

name of common persons. Opdg*-pai nor

bdunthe seven treasures of the saints: tbyin-

pa, fsul-lcr////*, <lwl-[xi and the like J///.

Opdgs(-pai) yul I . elevated country, high-land. '2. the holy land of the Buddhists,

the tracts of the middle Ganges; Opags-pai

skad, the Sanskrit language Lex.

ryyal Tar. and elsewh. = ^|fqntown and district of Ujain. 2. the word

is stated to imply also to play, to joke, to

make sport 6'.

dparis, spans, height, Opdn-du, ]'nis-

su in height; Kri- pan v. fen, go- pan v.

go\ )'nam- pah, the height of the heavens

Lex., Mil.', dbu- paii fig. highness, subli-

mity, dkon-mcog-gi dbu- pd/i smdd-pa to

lower, to detract from the sublimity of God

(v. dkon-mfog), to blaspheme God Daman;

Opaiis-mfo high Dzl. ; Opdns-mfo-ba, Opans-

mfoji-<///ni// relative height Dzl.

pa.

op (i"*-pa i- frq- for p" 8-pa to

spare, to save 1>:I. : kindly and

carefully to protect from harm, e.g. a drun-

ken Lama Thgy.', hence prob. the version

jfcftC.' oPa"8~ n*d yt6A-sem*-ldan liberal,

bounteous, without restriction S.g.-- 2.

Glr. also for Op6ns-pa provinc.

Glr., Jdn-i'o Hue II, 242; name of

tin- ncaic-t alpine valley north of Lhasa,

the inhabitants of which are said to speak

an indistinrt dialect.

"'.

~:::;:J'}..1'~: J'f1I1{-}'zon v. fzon-Pll.

;r~' pl11111 J.t Ilud S.y.! 1",1II1-I'li, cartilage,.:;,; gristle.

:J~'Q:t.l' 11l'/tIll-/J"im Sil:o - J'"I11-iJlfIll.~ ~

~. /;rCl. (.il. - prli-//Io.

Ql:.'.::::r /;,.en-Im V. ,,11l'/:,j.ba.

~_. }''nvl, ,,1;"1'd, cross, transverse; across.1 athwart, obliquely; ];r!d-f.fu, col. -(tl-f­

f IIl-la-, crosS"'llys, in a cross direction;in'M-lam, n Imth (borizonwl or inclined)leading nlong the side of Il. lUountnin, (cr.on the other IHlnd "fra1i): pmJ-flan boltor Imr of II gllte; -(b-l·/n 4dli-po-, horizon.tal W.;r~ l inJ-ho something like: a child's frock

or chemise Ld. (?)

Q=7f iJl'Of} etc. v. oP"QIj; Q'::r, ;f~' frob,

]\1'01, v. ~prob, "pl'o/,.~

Q~' ]IJ'OI V. "pIlJ-ba.

~:ff'r ,,11dg-pa, pf. "pufP, I. to rise, to beraised, c.g. a post or stake raised

by the frost; to soar up, to fly up w heaven,l\ mimcnlOllS fent often performed by thesaints ollegend~, D=f. and elsew1l.; ohaysof light, D::l. lmd elsewh.; fig.: to be higher,more elevated, (Iti 3UI;-f.I" (or de-Itu) dpag­fslitl Qry!Jatl-lbi (or more accuflltcly /,,1,'13),,1;dg3-3O GII'., 1'111., (this region) lies by80000 miles higher than tlmtSty.; to growlarger, longer, of the appnrent lengthcningof the teeth when lIChing IV.; of honlCs: torear. to rise up on the hind-le~; more par.ticularly of tile deifying of saint.s; tllllS thedemi.god.like kiDg SroDtsansgaDlpO in hisfnrewcll sl,eech SA)'S: !'yed .(:1m olidglJ-puill,llin-rlabls yin I 1111I the di\'ine instrumentof your elevation (your elevation.blessing),he who will effect your llSCent w llea\'enor deificution; pnrt.pf. olldtp·pu(&k. ,m.),sublime, exalted, raised above, ]ldi-ilil "lH1fP­pm' b::II,i.f!o. a more dum ordiullr}' bellll~Y

DzI.; f!:a71-pas oJid!JI-pur gyfJr-to Ite {urexcelled othcJ'l;D::I.; .l'!Jcid-{pa )/ll«ut.lJ.IQ

distinguished, excellent. gloriout,yul-llU lytld.ollags 1'f}!J1j.yur-yullndi., lhe mQ4;t glori..."cOllntry; 7IDr-"I/I .l'!Joll-pllr .ftdfl"1Ja br-g!J<liobM-ba an ol1ering 0(. hundred o( the mOit(:<lsHy kinds of jewels Hit.; Clp. in refe­rence to llOly llelWn~ things, placet etc.;title of saints, and t.eachel'5 of religion, withthe feID. olldgs-'IIIa; Jidga-pa'par ex«lleDee'is AVl'llokitcs\'am, in n~ e~p. the one, thatha~ his throne at '1'rilolmllth in ChlllDba,v. I't·olldy.; the word is nlso fNj. nsed as:til epithet, plneed at tile head of the title­pnges o( religious writing!; IlStly it is ..1I11me of COlPlDOn persons, - .f>dfJI-pai !'lorlx.bll'l the seven trenSlltCll of the SAints: .byin­lJa, (nil.ltl'illll, ddd-p<J nnd the like /l{11. ­olidgt(.pui) yui I. elevated country, high­land. '.I. the holy land of the Buddhists,the tracts of the middle Gan~s; "pugr.paid:ad, the Snnskrit language Lu. - "llogr­I'tlyal Tar. nDd elsewh. - :a"lrq.il &"J.,town and distric' of Ujaill. - 2. tbe wordis stated to imply also to play, to joke, tomake sport G:~. opan I. V. pan 1- 2. also "plui.,

lipaN', 'pas;" height, oixM--du, oP",u­lit in height; J:n'-opO,li V. Itn', go-"pUIt v.f!IJ; )'I'lW'II-.l'a,j, the height of tile hellvcnsLu., Mil.; dbll-"llail fig. highness, subli­mity, IlI.'On-mCOg.gi Ilbll-,,11d,; IIu<itl-pa wlower, to dctrllct from the sublimity of GodC\". dJ.:sm..",'&g), to blaspheme God DorNa,;;

"pa1iHII{o lligh D:I.; olld;'3-1II(q.M, .PI''''­m(o,Hlmall reillti"e height D::L.~l:.'.::r .I'dli-Im fut , opafu-pa pf. of. .iJbt,.

"".Q,.:.r.:.~'.q' "li1itll-pa 1. frq. for lia".-pa to

spare, to save D::/.; kindl)' andcllrefully to protect (rom hlll'm, e.g. a drlln­ken Lama Thyy.; hence pl'Ob. the vl,'r$ionjfq~; ol'ait. - 'lied rtO';-#fIy·fdmt libentl,bounteous, without restriction S.!!. - 2.Glr. IIlso for ,,1")d"..-pa provine.R,:.faj' "lia'l I. v. IHIn (I). - n. opaH ytd

Glr., oi"bt--p> JJuc II, 2042; name ofthe nelUe"t .Ipine "alle)' north nf Lh..,tile inllabilf.nLi of which are oid to speak

lll},Ll}di~tj !t l1i.I~.

356

Opdm-pa

Opdm-pa, pf. pam, opp. to rgyal-

ba to be beaten, conquered, to comeoff a loser, to get the worst of, yyul(-las) in

battle Dzl.; lha-ma-yin-las by the Asuras

Dom.; in law-suits, in traffic etc.; Opdm-par Qgyur-ba B., *pam (16-wa* C. id

;also

with pam, as if it were a sbst. : *pam kur-

wa* C. to put up with, to bear a loss, da-

mage, defeat; Opam bldn-ba Glr., Pfh. prob.

id.; Opdm-par byed-pa to beat, to defeat,

to conquer, rgyd-rnams Opdm-par byas he

conquered the Chinese Glr.; rds-pas bon-

po cos-kyis pdm-byas- te Raspa overcomingthe Bonpo by the doctrine of Buddha (v.

cos 3.) Mil.; *pam cug-ce or kdl-ce*, W.

id.; pam pog son I have met with a loss,

I suffered damage, opp. to gyal fob son;

pam-rgydl ma bsres-na if one is not inclined

now for a serious struggle, will not stand

the chance of... Mil.; yid- pdm-pa Mil.,

*sems pdm-po* C. dejection; yid- pdm-maa low-spirited, dejected woman Mil.; pdm-pa Glr., pdm-po the vanquished etc.

; *pam-

pe no-len co-ce* W. to give in, to ask par-

don; mi- pdm i. invincible. 2. a man's name.

3. mi- pam mgon-po Zam., also mi- pdmcos-kyi rje is stated to be - Jam-dbydns.

oPar Cs - iQ compounds: board, sgo-

Opar board or leaf of a door.

Opdr-ba I. sbst. v. pdr-ba.

II. vb. (vb. n. to spor-ba) I. to rebound,of stones, *bar-ndn-la* W. to splash up, of

water, to fly up, of sparks; to leap, to bound,

to throb, of the veins, rtsa Opar)tne pulse

is beating; *par td-ce* W., to feel one's

pulse; *nyin-kapar dug* his heart is throb-

bing, palpitating; *pdr-ra rag*I have heart-

throbbing (v. rag} ; Opdr- pro cad v. Opro-ba 2; sd-la Opdr-ba, to fidget, to be restless,

to jump, from fear Pfh.; pdr-gyis Opdr-baLex. prob. the same as Opdr-ba. 2. Cs.

to be raised, elevated, promoted, advanced.

Opdr-ma, Sch. 'double, manifold';

brgya- par-ma, Sch. 'more than

hundred'.

Opdl-ga Cs., incision, indentation,

notch.

fog-pa, pf. Opigs Sch. =

-

Ts. =Opitr-ba, to

fly.

u-a Sch. -

oP^-ba, pf. pun, to sink, to beginto decay, to be in declining circum-

stances, to get into misery, either by one's

own fault, or that of others (opp. to fsen-

bd) Glr. and elsewh.; bod-yul Opuh-bai las

a deed to the detriment of Tibet Glr.; in

a similar manner bod-yul Opun-bai pun-goh,mischievous conjurers in order to inflict an

injury on Tibet Ld.-Glr. Schl. 21, b; mgdr-gyis rgyd-yul pun-bar byds-pa-rnams dran-

nas, remembering the calamities brought on

China by Mgar Glr.; Opun-bar Ogyur-ba B.,

*pun-du (J6-wa* C., *pun cd-ce* W., to be

ruined, to perish, Opuu-bar byed-pa B,Qpun-la sbyor-ba Mil, prob. also yton-ba,

Jug-pa to ruin, to undo Pth.; ran- pi'in

having been reduced by one's own fault;

Opun-dkrol or Krol the decay of fortune, ruin,

destruction Mil. and elsewh.; Opun-yzi cause,

occasion of decay Mil.

O^^'q* Opud-pa to lay aside, to put away,to separate, = Obud-pa Cs. (?), sug-

pa Opud^pa, to clear, to part the flour from

the bran, to sieve Sch. (?)

O^qq'q" Opub-pa = Jbub-pa to cover with a

roof Sch. (?)

aq^'q* opw'-ba, pf. pur, 1. to fly; pur-gyis

Opur-ba Lex., prob. id.; cf. par-ba. -- 2. to wrap up, envelop, muffle up;Dzl. %9<S, 10: rin-po-ce gos-kyi mfd-marthe gem into the skirt of the coat, and like-

wise Dzl?QD, 13 read: gos-mfar pur-te,inst. of byuh-ste; mgo gos-kyis Mil. (col.

not used). 3. = mnyed-pa to rub with the

hand, e.g. linen in washing, leather in tan-

ning Glr.; to scratch (softly) C.

^qqv^jcn-) ^(w) Prefix >de 8 9S da-

yig gds- pul-can, these andothers have d with the prefix g: bds- pul-kao words beginning with k with the prefix

b; bd-yis Opul-bai sla, viz. bsla . . .; das-

Opul-med these receive no d as prefix; sa-

356

~~.q' ..ftdm.pa, pf. patrf1 0llp· 10 "!I',Jdl.ba to be beaten, conquered, 10 eome

Iff a loser, to get the worst of, yyitl(-Il#) inbaUle D:l.; lAa_-yin.-tm by the ~\.suras

Dom.; in In,,·.swts, in traffic etc.; j;dlll­par mitr-.ba n., °paM ({O-It:~ C. id ; olsowith paIN, as if it ,,-ere a &bsl: °paM .hi,.­It:'a

0 C to pu~ up witb, to bear a 10M, da­mage, defeat; JlalQ bldli..fJa Gir., Pt/'. prol.J.id.; .pul#.-par byid-p4 to beat, to defeat,to conquer, rgy'l-rnarm .panl'P"r 611(# heconquered the Cbinese Glr.; rtU.})lU bOn­]10 lda-~" ]'kina-bycM.te Raspa o\'ercomingthe Donpo by the docuine of lluddhn (v.,'tit 3.) .Mil.; ·pam clIg.a or hil-u·, lV.id.; llam.1XJy .on 1 lmve met. witll l\ 10&8,I suffered dalllage, orp. to !/!lfll rob ~Ji;

,lam"'fIydl ma b$fI!5-lla jfone is not inclinednow for a serious struggle, will Dot stllodthe chlUlce of ... Mil.; ytll-.1HJm-pa Mil.,°selrl' jHi.I-p<J° C. dejection; y;'l-..ol~dm-ma

1l1ow...piritcd, dejected womllD .MI1; pam_pa Gir., pdm-po the ,·a.nquished etc.; °J1om­P! ~tNht. Cd--h0 W: to give in, to Mk par­dOD; 1I'Ii-.PaM L invincible. 2. a man'sname.3. mi'JJa"l; ,,If!6tl-po Za",., also /ftj-oiHiIll&;a·J:yi 1]1 ill stawd to be = ofil_UJ,dil•.~~ 01'w1r u.. in compounds: board, ILJO'

opar board or leaf of a door.

~.~;.::r ,jHir-lJa 1. flbst. Y. 1"«"00.

U. ,·b. (vb. n. to 1]J6r-bu) 1. 10 rebound,of stoD~ °bar-ndn-la' II'. to spluh up, ofwater, to "y up, ofsparks; to leap, 10 bound.10 throb, of tbe ,·eins, rtM 01'Jar, the pulseis beating; 0pa' td-U lV., 10 fed one'.pulse; 'nylil-ka J'Ja, (/uoo his heart is throb­bing, palpitating i 'ytir-m ra!!,I hue heart­throbbing (v. rag); ¢ptil'-¢Jlro 'lad v. ¢p,tJ­ba 2; Id-la ¢pdr-JJU, to fidget. 10 be restless,to jump, from fear Pth.; pd""ggi~ ¢PJI'.l.fflJ..ex. prob. the same as ¢pdr_ba. - 2. CI.to be raised, elevaled, promoted, advanced.~::.'~' ¢lXi'-lIIa, &h. 'double, manifOld';

brr!yo.-"par-ma, &J,. 'more thAnbund..oo'.~..f~' JHH -ga lA.• incision, indentation.

notch.

""-:r-lf"f .p;.g-pa &,. ~ ."g(')-I~ (').

~..::r "p~Ii-ba, pf. 'Puli, 10 sink, to Itegin10 decay, 10 be in declining cimn­

stances, to get inlo misery, eitoe:r by one'sown £nult, or that of otben (opp. to f$M­ba) GI,.. and e1sewb.; bdd-yul ¢,NIi-&zi 1(1$n deed LO the detriment of Tiuet GI,.; in1I similar mnnner bOd-yul ,i'NIi-bai fmn-!J6n,mischievous conjurers in order to inflict aninjury on Tibet I..J.-Glr. &h.l. 2J, bimytl,·­g!fl' I'f/Ytl-yul,lun-bar byJ3-pa-mam. I1l'dn­/lUll, l'('rnembe~ingthe cl\lnmities brought onChinn uy Mgnr Glr.; o]'flIiI.lmr ,,[J!jlll'-ba fl.,'l;li,i-l1u 46-11:/1,0 C., 'l;w; cd_'teO W, to beruined, to !lelish, olJun. ba,· byed _pa ll,¢liliri-la slJ!jOr-IJa .Mil., prob. also )'uJil-ba,Jig-pa to ruin, to undo 11k; rari-J;",jlunwg been reduced uy One's own faul~;

,iJuli-dl"f'Oi. or frollhe deCly 01 fortune, ruin,destruction JliL lind elsewh.; oPuti-r.:i tal1Se,

occasion of decay MiL~_..q o1iWJ..,pa. 10 lay aside, to put away,

1 to separate, _ ,bVd.pa c.a. (t), iilg­pa opwd-pa, LO clear, to part the flour fromthe bran, to sieve &It. (?)

~.::r.:r ¢p~p« - obif~ to tover wittl aNlol &A.(?)

~'.::::J' .P!'.I"-ba, pf. Jinr, I. 10. fly; JJil'-f!Yu¢p.r-bu Lu.. prob.•d.; cr. I>6T­

btl. - 2. to wrap up, envelop, mufDe up;D::l. -<7..$,10: rin-po-'h gd4-l."!Ji mfd-marthe gem into the skirt or the con~ and like­"'ise .D:d.~, 13 l'l:lRd: fjCA.mfa,· J'rU..-te,iust. of blliai-8I.l; tl~ f/o.-k!jia /flil. (col.not used). - 3. = mnyM,pa 10 ntb with theIland, e.g. linen in wllshing, leRther iu Ian.ning GII'.; to scratch (softly) C:

~;I'I~r~tl'f) Jiul(-yifj) prefix, dl IOgI da-'<i yifJ g<lJ-jiul-tan, these and

others ha\'c d .,.-ith the prefix 9: lNb-op.d·kc:w words beginning willi! witb the prefixb; lxi-!jU ,.piJ.-hai lila, .,iz. bIJa ... ; diU­ofnd-rnid lhese recei\'e no d Ai prdiJq Ia·

.".07

i-it-ld- rnamx Opul-tsul ni the manner in

which prefixes are joined with words be-

with ,s, / or/; rkya/i- /'///words be-

with u simple consonant (to which

i/<t-, /,/-, and la-tags are reckoned),

preceded by a prolix; ln'tm-(jx-o jml, \sonU

I ' ginning with two consonants and a prefixt*ka. Gram.

i'itl-ba I. v. the preceding article.

- II. vb. 1. = Jbiil-ba, to give.-

J. to push, to jostle; *pul-fug yydb-ce*, to

push with the fist, with the trunk, (of ele-

phants) etc., W.; ym-tnoi Opul-rdey tig byed-

pa, to jostle with the elbow Mil.; vulgo

'jnil-day or fay* W.,*pul-fsug* C.

peg.

apf- Opam, fut. (and frq.

for the pres.) Op'an, imp. pott, pans,1. to throw, to cast, to fling; ndm-mKa-la

into the air DzL; Kor-bar, to throw into

the orb of transmigration Mil.; dmydl-bar,

to cast into hell Thyy. : */ra jt?dw

-ce*, to

shovel snow (out of the road, from the roof);

*pdn-te bor-ra tsiy-te bar* am I to throw

down the wood, or pile it up? W.; *pu

/xiii-ce* to cast the hair W.; hence Op'an,

spindle, and Open-siti, ace. to Sch., a wea-

ver's shuttle (it being flang). 2. to fire

off, to discharge, to let fly, ///</", an ar-

row, yzan-la, at another DzL; Open-duit

dart, javelin Sty. ;to shoot, Open-mi Ms-pa,

W. *pah-mi-ses-Kan*, one that does not

know how to shoot. 3. Sc/i. ;vw-pabftiti-bu 'to intend, to have a mind, to think

upon, to consider', (yet in the only passage,in which I met with the word, in Thyr.,

the above meaning does not seem appli-

cable).

*P&-lx>> I- vb. pf.^W Q|^) vb. n.

to spel-ba, opp. to ^ril-pa, 1. to

increase, augment, multiply, enlarge, frq.;

*sum Ian nyi-la team pel* how many are

two times three? W.; opd-^rib-kyi dl>aii-

gis in consequence of the increase and de-

< ifiisi- Grain.; Opel- yrib-n'id, prob. diseases

arising from an excess or deficiency of hu-

mours Wdii. 2. to improve, to grow better.

bnam-ytdn or fuyx-ddm Opet-ba yin medi-tation has improved, baa proceeded better

Mil. - II. ibtt, N.-//. :ilso ^f^a,i. in-

crease. .-. development

q^q* o/"'-'"' I

1 *'- anJp. Opo*, prop, in-

trans. to.x/";-/,,,,

r=yna-*p6-b<i : 1

to change place, shift, migrate frq.; ///yur-

dw ^os-%, go speedily elsewhere! 7>

in u more general sense to change. ;x>-w<*/

l><l,''-ba changeless haj)jiness; in a similar

sense o/w -<,.'/,//>//- //>''</-/"'/ //////-////*// .I///.;

yet frq. also vb. a.: kfi-lm yan , /in yaii Opoby(is sift pouring off the gravy again and

again l'fli.\ very f'nj.fse Op6-ba, jK'ept-

ba, si- po-ba, to exchange life, to die, (in

the earlier literature the most common ex-

pression for it) ;the last of the above terms

prob. may be explained by cl-zinOp^-ba\

ci- po-ba Odebs-pa, Thgr. frq. seems to

mean : to help the soul to a happy depar-ture. 2. C. to fall out, to shed, of wheat

and corn in general." oP9~Pa -> P*'-

an^ secondary form

///. to hit, strike, touch, befal. meeti drix

/'"'.'/-/'"tut/m-ciid all whom

the sweet odour met, to whom it became

perceptible DzL ; gen. with la', ^od-zer, grib-

ma mi-la Opog, a ray of light, a shadow

falls upon that man Glr. frq.; Kd-la nnd.

fsdd-pa, cdd-pa Opog, disease, heat, punish-ment etc. has befallen him; y:u- f>og-mkan

an epileptic person H'.. ('.: the .signification:

to hurt, seems to be less inherent to the

word than dependent on contingent circum-

stances.

-'s ' arcnery- pd'i-*& archer)'

ground, Op6/i-mkan archer, ;*oii-

good, skilful archer />.-/.

o pon*fs<>*< N. buttocks; Opoti* >it-

ting-part, posterior- /.'.. UW/i.;

Op6n-la skyon-pa Sch. 'the riding of two

persons on one horse'.

to be poor, indigent: Op6/ts~par

b:fnj-pa to let(another) pineinpoverty 7 /

with instruiu. to be deprived Of, to lose. iyydl-

jio si'ds-kyiii O j'>o/<s-n<i*the king having lo-t

his son Pth. 2. also poiis-pay sbst. poverty.

,'/, -Id ·f'"am••If''l- [Sill ni the IDllnDtr inwhich prefixes are joincil v. it" wordg he­gilllliug with ~. r or l; I'Jr!lm'-Jful wOl'lls be­giuning with", simple l'OUSODIl.Dt (1.0 whichalso !ft.-, rt.-, lind la-tafJ3 Ill'll rl!Ckoncd),precede!1 lJ}' II prcliltj brfMyl·.l~ul, WOf(I~

beginning with two consonants fUlll n prefixr.y. bska Gram.

a.;s~·,:r oJhil-ba I. v. tile preceding luticle.'"' - II. vlJ. 1. _ /Jlil.w, to give.-

t. to pUSh, 10 jostle; "1,11[-("9 gydb-ee-, \.0(lu~1L with the list, with the trunk. (of de­1,llIlllts)ctC., 11~; 9,-U-mOi .,Jul.rdtg Ny byed­}Ja, to jostle ",itb tllc elbow Mil.; vulga"ll1ll-<la9 or (u!l n~, ·oJiul-fluff G

;- . ,c;~ "peg ", }){'(j.

c;::t~..q' o!lm-pa pr. olkll", fut. (llud frq.for the pres.) oP'ali, irop.jlQli,]fmis,

I. to throw, to cast, to flin9; 1I1im-mJ.!a-{ainto the nir D::l.; for-bal', to throw intotile orh of lmnsmigration Mil.; dmydl-bu,',to CRst joto bcll Thy!!.: ·fa P';'~ - ct·, toshovel snow (out of tile roou, from the roof);·p,'/i-tt oor-ra My-tt bore am I to tbrowdown tile wood, or pile it up? II~; ·pulffi,i-ce· to Cllst the bair IV.; bence op'a.i,spindle, ~nd otfhwi,i, nee. to &1•., l\ WCll­"er's shuttle (it bcing ihlllg). -- 2. to fireoff, to discharge, to let fly, mda, nn or­row, J'ZIIIl -lu, at another D::I.; open- dundart, javelin SI9'; to shoot, ope,I.,lIi Ais-pa,W. ·p'a,j-lIli-Jt3-fc/.Il·, one tllnt does notknow how to shoot. - 3. Sek oPeIi -11ablwi-bll 'to intend, to have a mind, to thinkupon, to conside,', (yet in the only passage,in whicb I lnet witl. the word, in 'n.!!,..,the nbovfl meaning does not seem appli­cable).

a.~'.::j' opel-lxl J. vb. pf. Jkl l~) vlJ. n.to 'pll-bu, opp. W of/rib-pa, 1. to

increase, augment, multiply, enlarge, f!'fl.;·sum 1//11 nyi-lll !&(Im pel" how mAn)' nrctwo UmCll three? n~; oPtl-of/n'b-J.'lI; db,i,;­gis in consequence of the incrcase "nd de­Cl"case Grllm.; ol'>el-o!l"ib-llcid, prob. diseasesarising frore. lin excess or deficiency of hu­mOurs WJ,;, -2. to improve to V};'w bett~,

b,am'r'd/! or (11gt-<!C;1II .pa-ba !1m mrdi­tution has imJlro\'ed, h".. p~e<1 LeLterMil. - 11. lIbst., &1•. Also .1JH..la, I. In­crease. 2. development S.O'~:r::r Jld-bu pf. and imp. •po., 1'1"01'. in-

tnUl,.. W ~pO-/Ju, • }'IIu'-'J»-ba; J.to change place, shift, migrate frq.; "'!fUr­du olKJf-Jig, go ~I'eedi[y e1sc'\\'here! J>::i.:ill a more g~nerlll sellse to change, .io-mitJbd~bu changeless IJUppines~; in a l!iimilarsense oPo-o!I!J!lr-mN.1HJ.i f'I,aJ-i'!Jdr Mil.;)'et frq. ulso vlJ. 3.; IN,-bu YClIj,,}fo !I";' Jiob.'fd3 Ai,i pouring ofT tile grM')' ag.in "ud~gll.in I'll,.; \'ery frq. (Ilt JiO-ba, .a·-oJ:&­bu, ;i-Jxi·bu, to exellll,flge life, to die, (inthe earlier litefllturc the most common ex­pression for it); the ll\St of the l\bove term~

Jlrob. may be eXll13ined by I!j-:ili op6-ba;ci-oPo-bu odelnJ-pu, 'l'llfIr. frq. seems wmean: to help the soul to " happy dcpar­ture. - 2. G: to fall out, to shed, of wheMand corn in gene",!.

C\:;r::~T'::r oP1.Q-PU, pt'. lind secondAry fOf'll1

fog, to hit, strike, touch, befal, meetm,iul'-bui dri, opdg-prl (tmll·Md all wholllthe sweet odour met, to whom it ~llIepcrceptible j)::l.; gen. with La; ~od-:&, Orib­'ilia mi-la oP09, " my of light, a sbadoVl'fnll!> npon that mall Gb·. frq.; id-fa 1ICHI.(,ad.pa, cdJ-pa olhg, disease, hCftl1 punish­ment etc. blls bef:\lIeo him; r:U.-olit>rrmJ."l1/Ian epileptic person W, C.; the signification:to hurt, secms w lJe le..s inhercnt 10 theword than dependent on contingent circum­stances.t:l~' olkN C'. archery, o~ - M arcbU)<.., grountl, olfd,j - 1I1.hm archer, .}~iI­sJ.:IJhJ good, ~kilful nrdlcr D:Lt:l~r-·t..V o}k,,,(- C,. buttocks; 01'10'" ~i~

""i'" tiug-I,nrt, ]Jostcriors Lt., ml..t.;olHJIi-la l1rydll-pa &11. 'the riding of t,\\·opersons on one hor.sc'.C\:f.::~<.;r Glfd;,,-pa I. vlJ., pf·.lion. or }ioil"

..,,, to be poor, indigent: olf6it,wl>tlrb:w!jw})(1 to Jete,.nother) pine ill ptn'ut), 'Jh!l!l.;with inslruJll. to be ftprivedol,to lose, "!I!J'il­po If·tU-J.yu olK1N""'''' tlJe king bllving losthis ~on PtA. _ t. ,,10M> jJQiI.-ptJ, ~b t. poverty,

358

and adj. poor, \.pons-pa', perh. also dejected.,

disheartened.

^^T Opod-pa = pod-pa, Cs.; q^2fOpon-po =

pon-po-, qSjq'q* opob-pa =

Obebs-pa Sch.

oPyd-t>a, p WS>acc. to Lex. =

smod-pa to blame, censure, chide;

the context however, in which the word

occurs, seems to suggest the meaning: to

scoff, to deride, (Sch.} e.g. Dzl m, 13.

9&L, 7. 3C, 15; also Pth. mis Opyd-ru ^.on,

people will laugh at you.

q^qra' oPyog-pa, P*- Oijag* orpyagsweep, to clean- Lae., Pth,;

pyag-ddr.

Pyan-ba, pf. -jtyans, vb. n

dpydh-ba, to hang down, rf

^>o #0-sa Opyan-ba a handkerchief of blue

silk hanging down from tLe head Sambh.;md-mcu fur-du Opyd/t-ba the lower lip

hanging down, as a sign of death^r.; to

cling to a person, from love etc.; rje-btsun-

gyi sku-la Mil., to the Reverend's person (or

body?); yu-zin Opydn-ba to cling to, to take

a firm hold of Thgy. Opyan-fdg plumb-

line, sounding-line C. also dpydn-fag.

*cdn-Kem-pa* rope-dancer, esp. at the festi-

vities of new-year 6'.

to

cf.

to

from;

Sch., singular, strange.

Opyad Sch. = pyad.

pydn-paLecx. -ydn-pa to ramble,

to range, roam about, wander, stray

Opydn-te ^gro-ba Dzl. ^sSG, 4.

q. Opydr-Ka Sch., blame, affront, dis-

grace.

Opydr-ba, imp. Opyor and pyor 1.

to raise, to lift up; pru-gu ndm-mh'a-la Glr. to lift the infant up to heaven

;

to hold aloft, e. g. the dor-je in practising

magic, pointing it towards heaven; so also

sdig-mdzub to raise the finger Mil.; rdl-

gri, to lift up the sword to fetch a blow;to lift up the grain in a shovel, hence: to

fan, to sift, to winnow. 2. to hoist, a flag,

frq. ; ^pyar-ddr or dar- pydr, a flag; in a

general sense: to hang up, so esp. W. *car-

la* (Lad. *cds-la* for cdrs-ld), *6oWe*id.;*car -la tdn-ce* to hang a man; car -sin

gallows; occasionally too: to cling or stick

to an object. 3. 6s. to show, to represent,to excite, to waken; Opyar-yyen, engaging,

winning behaviour (= Jog-sgeys), pydr-babyed-pa to assume an alluring attitude;

Opydr-ka-can, tempting, graceful, charm-

ing.

q^*q* opyi-b<* I. sbst. marmot, pyi-ba.-

II. vb. yi.pyis, Opyis 1. to be late,

to be belated, to come too late; gdl-te Opyis-

na, if I come too late Dzl.- da Kyod cun

Opyis-pa yin you come just a little too late

P&1"> olW-mo v- pyi H. 2. also Opyid-

pa to wipe, to blot out, mig to wipe the

eyes Pth.; mci-ma the tears Glr.; to pull

Out, spu the hair TF.; to tear out, rlig-pathe testicles Sch.

; Qpyi-rds 6s., wiper, wip-

ing-clout, duster; ldg- pyiCs., towel, v.pyis II.

pyiy-pa,Sch. to bind, better Jtyig-

Oyyil-l>a> for Kyil-ba to wind, to

twist, (the hair) Wdn.

Opyug(s)-pa, rarely cug-pa to

be mistaken, also W.\ to miss,

lam, the road Lex.; cu-fsod, to mistake

the hour Pth.

Opy&r-ba 1. to mount, to rise up,

of smoke; to overflow; inundate, of

rivers and lakes Lex. --2. Sch. to heap

up, to accumulate? \.pyur-bu.

e-ba, pf. Opyes, to crawl, to creep,

like snakes; esp. lto- pye, 'belly-

creeper', snake, serpent; Opye-ba cen-po,

JT^Y^T, name of a demon; Opye-bo, fern.

mo cripple Lex. = rkan-med.

oPyen Mil. = pyen> wind, yton-ba, to

let go a wind.

qsfq- Opyd-ba pf. Ofiyos? 1. to swim, of

fishes, Mil. -- 2. to soar, to float,

in the air Thgy. 3. to flow, heave, swell,

of fluids Mng.; Opyo-ddr-ba Sch., to un-

dulate. 4. to range, roam about, gambol,rtse-zin Opyo-ba, of deer Mil.

;ri-la Opyo

qrq-

3'S

and adj. poor, v,]'16,is-pu; pcrh. also dejected,disheartened.

~.-' ..-:-;.-::"'tf~·tl· .PM-pa - pod-pa, Co.; "'tl~·.,·

',,- . -<>lJ",.-po = lion-po; a.,.q.:r..;r J>6b-pa-

ob9Js-pa &11.Q,3',q" op!!d-ba, pr. o11!la8, ace. to Du. =

811U,Xl-pa 10 blame, censure, chide;the conte~t howc\'er, in which the wordoccurs, seems to suggest the mellnin~: toscoff, 10 deride, (&ft.) e.g. D::l. J{{, 13.');7t.., 7. ':'«'0, 15; Also 1'tll. mis 01/ya.-.'l .00i,people will laugh nt you.~.cr J'ylifJ-pa, pf. <>t;lIu[p or 1;!lu9' to

sweep, to clean J,I!.l:., PU1.; cr.i'yag-dcir.~'.::r cl/ywi - bu, pf. 'o}'yu,is, vb. II. to

dpfld1i-lm, 10 hang down, dar f1iOIl­poi gNU oJl!/«iI-w u. bnndkcrcllief of bluesilk Imoging down from tl,e IH~ad SWIIM.;1Iul· meu (ur. du o]'ydli-Qa tlle lower liphanging down, lIS 1\ sign of death S.y.; tocling to a person, from love etc.; r)c-bts(m­gyi sku-.la Mil., to the lteverend's person (orhody?); jti-;11i "liyan-ba to cling lo, to tukea finn hold of 'i'l'!!!J' - "ligan-fag plumb­line, sounding-line C. al~o dpy!!'1 - f(ly. ­-(an-litm-pa- rope·dancer, esp. at the festi­viti,'s of new-year C.Cl.Sc;·~'5Pf or~~ "li!Ja,i-m(}-nYlIgor-yu.ll

..... Sci,., singular, strange.

~~. "liyad ScI.. - Jiyad.

Cl.Siif=r "';"ldn-paLu:.r. .,, yan-pa to ramble,to range, roam about, wander, stray

from; "l'!Jdn-u ,91>0-6a Dzl. :<$,4.~'::"'F' "liydr-Ifa &1•. , blame, affront, dis·

grace.Q,S.l\,::r "pyJr-ba, imp. ,Jlyor amI I;Y(;/, l.

to raise, to lift up; Pro-flU flam­?/1l.'a-la GIl'. to lift the infant up to heaveD;to hold aloft, e. g. the dOl--)e in prncti;;iogmagic, pointing it towards heaven; so alsosdifJ-mdzitb to raise th~ finger Mil.; 1'0.1­gri, to lift till the sword to fetch n blow;to lift up the grain in a shovel, hence; tofan, to sift, to winnow. - 2. to hoist, n lIag,frq.; ,,1!yar-dd" or dal"-rJ1ydr, It illig; in a

••

general seDse; 10 hang up, so esp. lV. -cd".la· (Lad. ·'lds-la· for (Jurt-la), ·oo,··i:e- id.;·cdr-la tan-tV' to hang l\ mao;, (UI"-$I'Igallo .....s; occnsiollally too: to cling Or stickto an objecl - 3. (..8. to show, to represent,to excite, to waken; .,J'!I(J./~fye,i, enguging,winning belllwiour (- JOfrMft98), "yar-bab!lM - pa to as~ume an alluring nttitude;?pydr-J:a-C«ll, tempting, graceful, charm­109.a.g.:r "i'yi-ba 1. sbst. marmot, 1iyl-ba. -

II. vb. Ilf. hIlS, "hiS J. to be late.to b~ belated, 10 come too late; gdl-U ",iyi~

1la, If 1 come too Inte D;;f..; da J!yod NUl",;!/ls-fIU yin ),ou come just a little lOO laIcl-'tl.,; "".'1i-mo v. 1iyi 1I. - 2. also "fnJid­pa to wipe, to blot out, 'Illig to wipe thecyes 11/,.; mCi-lIIa the tcars Gil'.; to pullout, spu the hair W.; to tear out, ?-lI!J"pathe testicles &11.; "liYl-/'uS (,8., wiper, wip·ing-clout, duster; lag-"l)yiCs., towel, \".1'.'1i811.q§~r=.r .,J'!Ifg-pa,ScII. to bind, hetter )'yig-

pa.

o.!i--,,· ""d '."".,.ll~ ,,1'.Y" -1)a Y. rJ)!Jf- a.

a.~r:.r-:::r "l;!jil-ba for <>.Ryil.ba to wind, totwist, (the haIr) Wd,;.

a..;;r.:fl(~)'.:r "iJY'lg(S)-pa, rarely cug-pa to...... be mistaken, aho lV.; to miss.

lam, tile rood LeJ:.; iJu-fsdd, to mistakethe hour Pt;"

Cl.a.l\~· "pyur-ba 1. to mount, 10 rise up,..... of smoke; to overflow; inundate, of

rivel's nnd lakes Lu. - 2. Sci.. to heapup, to accumulate ~ v. hJin·-bu.q§'.q- ""yi-ba, Ilf. "hIt', to crawl, to creep,

like snakes; esp. liQ-,,1;ye, 'belly"creeper', snake, serpent; "pyt.ba (hi _ po.~, oame of a demon; ol'ye-oo, fern.1110 cripple Le.r. _ ,'kari-lIled.~Oj. "hen Mil. - py,m, wind, fUJii-bu., to

let go a wind.a.~.:r "pyd-ba pf. .,I'yos1 J. to swim, of

fishes, Mil, - 2. to soar, 10 float,in the air TI.!!!!. - 3. to flow, heave, swell,of fluids /fbi!!.; ,,]}yo-ddr-ba &1,., to tin­dulate. - 4. to range, roam about, gambol,I'fsf-ii,i ePVd-ba, of deer Mil.;_ri.w "P!JO

BN,

dgu, po. the wild animals of the field Sch.

;">. sni/f/'i Opyo <SV//., 'the heart is swel-

ling, courage i> ri>in^'; however sh-pa OpyoMi'il., MTIH> rather to imply: consciousness

gives way, is wavering, flitting; se-msOpyo

l.t.'

*Py n - ba L>t. perh.=

Opydn-ba;

occasionally, like ^pyons-pa used

incorr. for mcons-pa.

$r pyon^rgydsSch., pride, haugh-

tiness, insolence.

Opyfa-ma, harlot, prostitute, bytd-

pa, to whore, to fornicate Lex.

Opyw'-ba, v. pydr-ba, also for cdr-

ba>', Opyw-po for mc6r-po, hence

py6r-dga Sch. dandy, fop.

oPi/os-^ia Sch., purchase-price of

a bride.

I. vb., also^>rd-6a, pf. ^ras,to kick, to jerk, to strike with the foot,

Opra-sdgs a stroke or kick with the foot,

byed-pa to kick about with the feet, in a

paroxysm of pain or anguish, l*th.; *t'a-

sag gydb-pa*, to give one a kick. - - II.

=prd-ba, prd-mo.

Jrw Pra9-Pa, to envy.

grudge, \.pray.ft

-> Pran ,lam- prdn, a foot-

path along a narrow ledge on

the side of a precipitous wall of rock (not'a defile or narrow pass' Sch.\ frq.; bar-

doi Opran the road of the abyss of the bar-

do, (as with us : the valley of death) frq.

'/'/////.; bdr-doi Opran-sgrol, prob. a prayerfor deliverance from that abyss T/it/r.

o/w<a/*~ofiwl Sc/i. something

hanging down.

Oprdd-pa pf. and fut. prad to meet

together; dan to meet with, to fall

in with, to find; de da/'/ prdd-do, you shall

see him Dzl.;de ni ria dan prod mi fub,

him I cannot admit Dzl.; bdag dan Opnid-

par og big, come to see me Dzl.', stiar >iu

dan Oprdd-pai <6g-tu, not until they have

met me (sensu obscoeno) Dzl.; byis-pai r<>

;/'(/ dan prdd-do he found the dead bodyof an infant Dzl.; Oprad-fsams Sch., inter-

secting line of two plains, corner, angle.

a and

pa; Oprdb-byed*pa to flutter, of abird wounded by a shot.

QSpT, 5JOJ' Pral, Pr"li prob. to be re-

garded as a sbst., like drun,

mdun, nita etc., expressing immediate near-

ness; 1. in reference to space, but seldom,as for instance O j'jrdl-du Kyi Krid-de, havinga dog near at hand Glr.; gen. 2. with re-

spect to time: j>nd </<i/'t ]'nj, what is goingto happen immediately and at a later period,

presence and futurity; Opral-pug-kyi ^/nf-

rkytn fams-cdd sel-bar byed Glr. to avert

immediate and subsequent disasters; Opral

pugs gdn-la bzan that is good both for the

nearest and the more distant future; 9prnldan yun-du now and for a long time to

come; Opral-so(/- )o(/-med-par without hav-

ing gathered or laid up any thing for daily

use Mil.; Oprdl-gyi jdug-ftsugs nan-pa a

poor temporary dwelling, or also: a com-

mon, ordinary dwelling, v. no. 3; 9pral-<ht

sa yzan ma rnyed-de as at the moment he

was not able to procure any other meat

Dzl.', Qprdl-du sleb yon Mil. I shall come

immediately ; Oprdl- du dgos -pat yo-bydd

the things necessary for daily use 1>:L :

Oprdl-du Obyor-ba ma yin that is not to

be had at a moment's bidding Dzl.; also

postp. c.g. : dei Oprdl-la pan that will help

the moment directly after it; more frq. after

verbal roots = ma-fdg-1n'

i'n'b$-prdl us soon

as he had arrived Mil. mmM-jfaU as soon

as it has been spoken S.g.; skyes-prdl im-

mediately after birth Lt. ; in compounds:

pral-rkyen, pral-dgos, p'ral-puys cf. above;

pral-gng finished, ready, prepared, in pro-

per case, (vulgo, esp. in \V., a word raucli

used) *t al -dig co - ce* to prepare, to get

ready. 3.fig., common, ordinary, of daily

occurrence, common-place. />/v//-*XW H

( IT. *p>d-k-ail*^ common dialect; :e* pml-xkad - la man so you may hear it in the

language of the common people, Gram.,

\\'dn.

oP1'^-^ P^ jral* fut. dbral, imp.

p'rol, vb.a. to Obrdl-b<i. to separate,

to part, *Ku tdl-wa*, id., (.'.; dam from;

dgu, po. the wild animals of the field &,..- 5. "l!ti,i o})!JO &h., 'the heart i~ swel­liog, oolll'age is rising'; IIOWe\'Cr Jh-pa"p!JO•\/1<./., seems 11ItllcI' to imply: eOllsciouslle&lIgil'cs \'\'I\Y, is wl""tring, Jlitling; u-ma "pyaLt.1Q,~-I:.·.:r ol~!I()Ji-ba Lt. perh. "'" o7Jydii-ba;

oceasiormllf, like oP!JOIl3-pa usedincorr. for mro,iliJa.

a.¥c::.~':n..'t' oJwIJ'iNf/yJ&Sdl.,pride,haugh·..:J - tiness, insolence.

a.w~~. ol~!Jd'I-1Ila, harlot, prostitute, byN­}Xi. to wbore, to fornica.te Lt~.

~.:::.:::r oP!J6r-ba, v. har-bu., :llso for ~bu; oJ',ytn...po for ?/lco/'-po, hence

opy6r..dga &h. dandy, fop.t:l.l("i'~' .i1J6.-1IIU &k, llurchase-price of-"V. R bride.

Cl,;./',:::r oljrd-ba I. vb., also p ..d.[,a, (1£..1;"(1$,"" to kick, to jerk, to strike with the foot,

.}ll'u-Jlig3 a stroke or kick with the foot,b1J~~I-pa to kick ",bout with the feet, in nparoxysm of pain or :mgnish, I't1I.; ·{a­.a[l [lydb-pa-, to give one n kick. - n.- lird-b«, 1;rd-mo.

~', ~:~r'r 01ir«[/, ol/"d!f1JO, to envy,grudge, \"'l;ra[l'

~', QI:.' o1;"an, llran, lam-opran, a foot,path Along a narrow ledge on

the side of a pl-ecipitous wall of rock (not'II defile or Illtr!oow pnss'SeA.), frq.; bar­doi oJlra,i the road of the nbyss of the bl).l'­do, (ns with us: the valley of detLth) frq.'1'II[/r,; l)(iI'-doi oP"a,j~l, Ilroh.1\ prayerfOl' deli\'erance from that abyss 'J'l,!!,·.~QI:.'~~r::.j' oiwa:i -oimil Sci,. something

~ lIanglng down.

Q..~~''l' olJ"dd-pa pf. and rut. prod to meet.. together; duoj 10 meet with, to fall

in with, to find; de dq.it pnjJ~do, you shallsec him D::l.; de 71; .,j" dall prw1l11i fub.him I callnot admit D::l.; bt.lag dmi ,,1;rdd­par i09 ,\jg, come to see me D::l,; "nUl' uadllli ,,1/rdd-pa; ~Qg-tu not until they havemet me (sensu obsooeilo) lJ::l.; bY("-l'ai 1'()

::~q duo; lirdd-do lie fouud the (leAd bodyof nil infaut D::l.; "prad-framl &11., inter­secting line of two plains, corner! Ingle.

~ "

~~1':::r'r ,,1;Nib-pa - .lird-ba. and .J!rdJJ..1)/).; "i".db-l'!Jid-'pa to nutter, of a

bird wounded by a .hot.

Q.QI':.l", QI:..!" ,,1;rCll, l iml , prob. t:o be re-garded till "llhlt., 1IIl:e dnllt,

,ndult, ,lia. etc., expres~ing immediate near­ness; ~. in referenu 10 spate, but sdOOm,as for Instance ,,1;"ril-dU. A'yi frfd.4, havingIt dog near I\t hand Gir.: gen. 2. 'fI'ith re­Silect to time: ,;"al (lw~ im!!.. what is goingto bappen immediately and At a later })triod,Ilresence and futurity; ,,1;rlll1/"!JI-l.yi .9a1­rJ.:1Jffi fam,_i:dd ,/l·bar byrd Glr. to avertimmediate and subsequent disasters; _prallJl.l!JI gd,i-la b::ait that is good both for thenenrest nnd the more distlmt future; "praldOli !J,m-du now and for .. long tillle to

come; ,,1;I'ol-sOiJ-J09-mld-par without luw­ing gathered or b.id up An)' thing for dailyuse Mil.; "Iiraf-yy; "dug-fni!JI ,;dll_1'" allOOr temllOrnry dwelling, or also: a com­mon, ordinary dwelling, v. no. 3; .1irClI-J,liia rza11 1110 r71l1°o-de lIS I\t tbe moment !IeWl\S not able to procure avy other me"Dzl,; "llI'fU,du sJ.th !fOli Mil. I shall comeimmediatel),;.",lnU-dll d[/o.-I'"i yo-byddthe things neeessnry for daily use Dzl.:"lwdl-du "by&r-ba >l/a yin thAt is not La

be hAd At n moment's bidding Dzl.; alsopostp. e,g.: dei "prdl-la ,lOti tlJ:\t will helpthe moment directly After it; more frq. afterverbnl roots = 7Jta-fa[l-IIl: id-]frdl as soonl\.S he 11Ad arrived .1111.; !11Irar.p.'dl AS soonII.S it Ilns been spoken S.y,; u:yn-prdl im­media.tely after birth J~t.; in compounds:,H·al.rJ.yen, ,H·al..Jyo., pml-pu!J' cf. abon~;prClI-gri!J linislJed, ready, I,repared, ill pro­per case, ("ulgo, e~p. in W., a word muchlIsed) -(ai- ~/iy t'd - u· tG prepare, tG gt!t

ready. - 3. fig" common, ordinary, of dailyoccurrence. common-place. l".dl.uUJ.( 11., (:,( 11': ·p.il-kwr) coJilmou diale<:t; :in 1",11/­d:oul _ 10 IlIaJi $0 )'011 may hear it in tilelanguage of the oolllmon people, GraM",II(IN.Q;JI':.l'::r .1;nil-lxi, pf, I'ml, fuL fibrCll, illll"...... prof, \·b.•. tG .brdJ./xJ, to stparale.

t _... I "/ ··d'·· J " from·o pilon (I , (I - It'CI , 1 ", ...... "a/ll •

360

Oprds-pa

rtags dan p'ral he deprived them of their

insignia Glr.; srog dan Qprdl-ba to put to

death, to inflict capital punishment Glr.;

zug-tu Oprdl-ba to cut into quarters (cattle)

Mil.;

lto-ba prdl-ba to cut open, to rip upthe belly Tar.', dbrdl-bar dka difficult to

part, hard to be kept asunder Lex.

Pras-pa 1- pf- offrd-ba; as sbst.

stroke, blow, kick with the foot,

Cs.;rkan- prds, id.; rtas- pras rgyag-pa,

the kicking of a horse; lag- prds, a blow

with the hand, 6s.; O ci- prds Lexx., si- prds

vulg. (W. *sin-fds or ?*), the kicking,

struggling, moving in convulsions, of a dy-

ing man or animal, agony. (Sch. Opras, to

lie on one's side?). 2. instrum. of Opra,Sch. : pros spras-pa.

opri-ba pf. and imp. pri(s), fut. dbri,

vb.a. toO bri-ba, to lessen, diminish;

to take away from, *Ka ti-ce* to take off at

the top, e.g. from too full a measure W.\more in the special sense of subtracting,

with different construction: de (or de-yis or

de-la) fig-ro pri-ba-yis 60 diminished by

this, or: this being subtracted from 60;

(fig-ro=

cipher six) Wdk.

oi)riy-Pa L to struggle, flutter, Cs.;

to throb, pulsate, Lt. 2. Sch. to

desire, covet, demand. 3. Sch. to be sus-

pected. --4t. error? Sch. : O prig-lddn, er-

roneous, mistaken, faulty, incorrect.

v.prin', O prin-pa to inform Cs.

ra-opru-ba, <OT*T Op^-ma v.p'ru-ba

\i N;, etc.

o p*ty-pa., pf. p'rugs, to scratch one's

self, priiys-na Lt. if one scratches;

za- prug byed he scratches himself on ac-

count of an itching Med.

*

Qprugs S.O., perh.= prug II.

oF'H Jugglery, magical deception, the

abstract noun to sprul-ba, q. v. ; Oprul-

ce-ba great in magic power Glr.' O prul-

gyi rgyal-po the magic king, enchanted

king, phantom-king Glr. ; Oprul-ghi kon-jo

the enchantress Kon-jo Glr. ; Qi'rul-gyispyan-

gyis with a magic eye, by means of ma-

gical vision Dzl. ; pd-rol ynon-pai Oprul dan

Iddn-pa possessing magic power for sub-

duing an enemy Sambh.\ rndm-(par) Qprul

(-6a), co- prul, rdzu-Q prul, frq. ; sgyu- prulless frq., id.; m{g- prul, optical deceptionCs. Op

l

rul-gyi Kor-lo, prul- Kor, magic

wheel, in ancient literature merely a phan-tastic attribute of gods etc.; in modern life

applicable to every more complicated ma-chine with a rotating motion, e.g. a sugar-mill Stg., an electrifying machine and the

like. Oprul-dgai lha, dga-bzi- prul-gyi lha,

yzan-dga-Qprul-dban-byed-kyi lha, the namesof various regions that are residences of

gods. Oprul-sndn 1. delusion, mockery. 2.

n. of a monastery in Lhasa founded by the

Nepal wife of Sron-btsan-sgam-po's."

prul-furS.y.seemstobe catheter.

P>'ul-ba, 1. by its form intrs. to

sprul-ba ;ace. to Cs. both are iden-

tical in meaning; I met with it only as an

abstract noun =O prul in rndm-par Oprul-

ba (v. under O p'rul), e.g. rndm-par Oprul-ba du-ma, many transformations, magic

tricks, for which rnam- prul gen. is used.

- 2. to be mistaken, to err, to make blunders

Mil., better Krul-ba. 3. to separate, part,

discriminate, the good from the bad, truth

from falsehood Ld. (= prdl-ba? like drun-

po and drdn-po).

Opre-ba pf. Opres Cs., Opre byed-pa

Sch., to incline, to lean against; to put

down, to lay down ;Dzl. V, 1 2, where how-

ever the context is not perfectly clear.

sbst. col. W.*'tdn-na*,

U: *pan*) Ssk. ?n*T, a string, a thread or

cord, on which things are filed, strung, or

ranged, e.g. me-tog-gi pren-baGlr. awreath,

garland of flowers; Opreh-ba dmar-po a

wreath of red flowers Wdn.; gafis-rii a circle

ofsnow-inountains>SfAr.; nags-kyi, of woods

Sambh.', sin-rtai Opren-ba rim -pa bdun

7 circles of chariots Pth. ; yig- preh a line

of letters; Opren-ba Odogs-pa to bind a

wreath; Opren-skud, Opren-fdg the string

or cord of the wreath; Opren

-rddg bead,

360

rt"{P dan pral lLe deprived them of theirinsignia GiI-.; 8fog dUll 0/,'/,111'00 to put to

death, to indict capital Imoishment Glr.;::u!1-fu "pral-ha to cut into quarters (callie)Mil.; ltd-ba prdl-ba to cut DI'en, to rip upthe belly Tar.; dbrdl-bar dka difficult topn.rt, hard to be kept asunder Lex.

Q:J~.q' "pr/i$-pa 1. pf. of l"rd.ba; as sbst.stroke, blow, kick with the foot,

LS.; rkali·"imis. id.; rias-"pru8 f'!l!lug-pu,the kicking of a horse; wfrolwcU, l\ blowwith the hund, t8.; oli-oth'U8 !"e;u., U'olfro8vulg. (W: ·~in.{ds or (e"), the kicking,struggling, moving in convulsions, of n dy­ing mUD or animal, agony. (&k "imu, tolie on one's side?). - 2. iJistruID. of "pra,Se!l.: lfrm 8pl'(C4-p«.~Q'.:::r ",'ri-ha. pf. and imp·IIriC.), Cut. dbri,

vb.a. to "h'i-ba, to lessen, diminish;to take away from, -fa (i-c'- to take 01I attlle top, e.g. from too full a measure W;more in the special sense of subtra.et.ing,with diiTp.rent construction: dt (or d0Jis or(N-la) (0·/'1> j>ri-bu·!Jis GO diminisllcu bythis. or: this being subtracted from GO;(6g.1'0 = cipher six) JVdk.

~~.tl'J',::r "i;rifJ-pa 1. to struggle, flutter, £.8.;to throb, pulsate, Lt. - 2. &11. to

desire, covet, demand. - 3, Sell. 10 be sus­pected. - 4. error? Sell.: ,,]'l'ifJ·lddll, er­rlmeous, mistaken, faulty, incorrect.

~Q~' "frln v.inin; "j"Will.pa to inform £.,3.

a.,;p:::r oPt'u-lJa, a.,~-~' o,;ru-ma v. J'rit-ba'" '" etc.

a.,;I~'Q- 01 '1'iJg-pa, (,f. ]'rugs, to scratch one's.:::i. self, pl"1igs-Iw Lt. if one scratches;

za-oilriJ.g b!Jtd he scratches himself on ac­count of an itching Mid.

~'21""~' olJrv.!P S.D., perh. -jJl'1(fJ II.~

~;.ll':l.l' ol:rul, jugglery, magical deception, tlle.:::i. nbstract noun to sJlrUl-ba,q.v. ;jJl'lJ.l­

'&·00 great in magic power Glr.; oprol­fI!Ji -rgyal. po the magic king, enchantedking, pbanwm-king Gll'.; o1Wl-glli 1;01.-)0I heencha.ntress Kon-)o Glr.; ol:l'v.l~!Jisp!Jml-­

gyis with n magic ey(', b)' ml.'~~ of rna·

gical vision D::l.; p'd.rol }'1fotliKli oiJrul dwiIdull-1Ja possessing Inllgic powcr for sub­uuinA' nn enemy Sambk; /'/Iam-(par) "fritl(.00), ('trolfrM, 1'tL"'1t-oprnl, frq.; s9yv.-ol'rUlless fl-q., id.; 1IU'g'olfl'UI, optical tlcception(.s. - olirul-flyi oKaI'-le, oljrul-o~'or, magicwheel, in lLUcient literature merely n phan.tastic attribute of gods elc.; iii modern lifeupplicable to every mure complicRtetl lUll·

chine with II. rotating motion, e.g. u sugur­mill Sty., un electrif)'ing machine Imd thelike. oiJrUI.dgai lila, dga-bz~"iJl'1tl-fl!Ji Ina,fZ:an-dga·oprul-dOO,i-byld·kyi 1Iw., the nalUl'S

of various J'cgions thaI are residences ofgods. o')I'Ul.UIJ,j I. delusion, mockery. 2.

n. of a monastery in Lhasa founded by theNepal wife of SI'Oli-lJtsall~am-po'3.

~;I~'£l~' oprul-f,irS.g.seernsto be catheter.'OJ ~

Q,;J~::r oPl'iJl-ba, J. by its form inll'S. to....., sprUl-ba; acc. to Ls. both are iden·

tical in meaning; I met with it only as ali

abstract noun - o1irul in rllamiJar oprlll·00 (v. undp.r o1,'rul), e.g. r/lam-pal' oPtlil­ba dn - ma, many transformations, magictricks, for which rnam-oimil gen. is used.- 2. to be mistaken, to err, to make blundersMil., better "Kl'ul-ba. - 3. to separate, part,discriminate, the good from the bad, truthfrODI falsehood Ld. (- pl'dl.fJa! like d,oU,i.po and drJIi.po).D.,~..::t' ol)l~a pf. o{ires (;S., o1'W byM.pa

&/1., to incline, to lean agail'lll; to putdown, to lay down; Dzl. ta\~, 12, where how­ever the context is not perfectly clear.

~~t:..(.::t) ~t:.'(.::t-) opre,i(~ba), pmj(-ba), sb~t.col. ~v.-'!an.lia-,

0: -l)wj-) Ssk. 1fT\If, a string, a thread orcord, on which things are filed, strung, orronged, e.g.me-tofJ-yi oi"iil.fJaGII'.awreath,garland of flowers; opre.j.ba dmar-po nwtenth of red flowers lVdli.; gail&-rii a circleof"uow.ulounta;DsSdr.; nag8.Jr.yi, of woodsSambh.; U"·,·tai opl'eii~ba t'im·p4-bdutl7 circles of chariot.'l 1'tk; yifroprc,i a lincof letters; "yl'lIi ~ ba oddgs. po, to bind nwreath; oyre".skud, "preli~(dg tbe stringor cord of Ithe wreath; orren .rdO$ bead,

'^r /"'''>-'"'

hence O pn'ii- ba esp. : a string of beads,

rosary; /><///> -/<///;, rosary for countingtin- repetitions of prayers and magic spells.

being used also in arithmetic, as an aid

to memory; mu-tiy- prcu string of pearls,

rosary composed of pearls; nor-bu-Qpreit-

IHI of precious stones; also title of a book;

fig. don ma yo fsig-gi Opren-ba bzun, they

only keep to the string of words, without

understanding their import Mil.

Of>reii-ba vb.n. to love, to be fond

of, greatly attached to, with accus.

of the person, sems-la and similar supple-

mentary words being generally added : bl<i-

ma yidfla Opren-bai rlays, bu-mo sems-la

}'rre/i- bus Glr. ; ydb-kyi fugs -la pren-bar

yyur-te, or Oprt>n-bzin-du as she was verydear to her father Glr. ; sin-tu Opron-ba ziy

ln/iin an ardent longing for home cameover me Mil.nt.

5f*Opre/t, sometimes incorr. for praii.

v -

Oprt'-b<(.

afq* Op-rd-ba, pf. Opros, prop. vb.n. to

*l>r6-ba, 1. gen. with las, from, to

proceed, issue, emanate from, to spread, in

most cases rel. to rays of light; sku ^.od-

zer Opro-ba a body from which rays of

light proceed, a body sending forth light

Glr.;Cs. also relative to odours, fame etc.

;

occasionally in reference to descent or

parentage Thgy. 2. to proceed, to go on,

continue, and Opro continuation, opp. to being

finished, at an end(/Sc7/. incorr.: 'the end');*lab- to zrn-yhyi ce'-pa* C., Schr.: the inter-

ruption of a conversation by another person ;

ejiy -pro bead the process of destruction

came to an end Glr.', sbyin-pai Opro aid

kyuii xlwi-mo-pat Opro ma end I'f/i. the gifts

had come to an end, but not the begging ;

Opar- pro cad the pulse no longer beat-

Thgr.; cos-bsyyur- pro-rnams bskyur the

continuations of translating were thrown

aside Glr.; of the soul: yod- pro-la ////

yoii whilst it is still existing, it does not

come forth, i.e. it vanishes imperceptibly,

as soon as an attempt is made to find out

its seat and to demonstrate its e0Mnce

Mil.; ,/>!<> iinl-i>a to annex tin- n-iuainder,

to append the continuation; *% *.>-/""'

to lay the continuation aside; %///-/* to

put it off, both expressions implying an

interruption of work: O j>ro In* son or la*

NO// a remainder is still left of what has

not been used or consumed ;

*di

y/i<i

te* after this has been filled up (by pouringin the wanting quantity) C.

o/'";//-/'"> I'f-

aud imp./W/x, fut.

It>ro</ 1 . to rob. take away ; to deprive

of, ccgpar. nor, yos, ryyul-poi lay -not

i-f/i/dl-sa to deprive the king of his throne

Glr.; hence ryydl-sa proys-pai mi usurper

Glr.-, fsdd-pasmii mfu-stdbs Opro(/ the heat

deprives a man of his strength .l//. : yet

also: sems-yid Opr6y-pa to take another

man's heart, to run away with his affec-

tions, to captivate him Glr.', O y //<*/ -/>//</.

and also Opr6g-ma dbah-pyiiy I . fT^i.e. Shiwa, or also Indra. 2. symb. num. :

11. - rku-f>i'6y, robbery Ma., *com- or

com- toy*, id., W. ;*c('>m- toy tdii-kan* robber,

*n'an dan nun-t/xj

<-n-te* by violence, W.- 2. to make one lose a thing , bddy

-yi

ylan progs (by his negligence) he has made

me lose my ox Dzl.\d6m-pa />/''//-' byun

my vow is lost to me, i.e. the meditation

I had vowed has been disturbed, th \\arted

Glr., to deprive a person of his power or

place, to overthrow, kings, dignitaries rtr.

Stg., analogous to yyo-ba, ^l-ba, /'mgw-

pa.-- 3. to remove, do away with, expel,

demons Glr.

nr' Opron Glr., provinc. for />/'/iand

<,]''*">v - /">'/'-/"'-

oprod-pa 1. vb.: pf. pi-otl,vb.n.

to *IH-I'>,I-JHI.to have been delivered,

transmitted. Idg-tu into the hands of a person,

hence cproil-Odzin ,

*f(*l-;in* H*. receipt

quittance; no or (w- /ww/-/" to know, per-

ceive, understand; so prob. also *m///i - /</

ysdl-bar nut j>r<>d&-hr. 2. adj. fit. proper,

suitable, agreeing with, congenial to, jw-bar

agreeing with the stomach M?d.; ;wi-c//W

zas unwholesome food Mul.: mi- prod-pa

also signifies adverse fortune, advei

3<l1

hence oiw1il - 6(1 e811.: a string of beads,NIIary; byrilli - 01;1'1"), 1'(I~ll.ry for ('ountingthe repetitious of prap!rs and magic 8pcll~,

being used IIlso ill Il.ritluDetic, ns nn lIidto memory; 'IIlti.tift".I;,wi stl'ing of jl{'arls,1'O>oIUY composed of pends: JlQr-lm-opre,i­1m (If precious stones; nlso title of a book;fig. &m lila flO (s,'rrgi ol;dil-ba bzU/i, theyonly keep to tbe string of words, withoutuutlerstnnding their import Mil.q~I:.'.::J' ol;,·hj.bll vb.n, to love, to be fond

of, greatly attached 10, wilh lICCUS.of the persOIl, sems_Ia and similar supple­mentar)' wOl'ds being genemlly nddcd; bM­1/111 yid-ltl .llrtii-bai "(('!Is, b1t-/l1Q SI1/l~-la

oi".lil-has GI,·.; !]lib-I.:'}i (u!ls-Ia prbi-bar.flyilr-tr, or opri!i.b?:in,lu as she wnS "erytlenr to !IeI' flit her GlI·.; Si'l-Ia opNhi-ba?:igbyu,i IUl nnlellt 101lgill~ fOl' home CAme<lver me 1.1Ii/.lI/,,(Q,):JI:.' ,itrC,;, sometimes ineorr, for ill'llli,

~Q~' 015rf'd, v. fired. - ~Q.w' oli1'es, Y.

oljrl-ba.~;r.::r olll"($-ba, pf. ol;rQ~, prop. "b,n. lo

sp,'()..ba, 1. gen. with l(l$, from, 10proceed, issue, emanale from, to spread, illmost enses I'el. to mys of liRUt; sku ~od­

::& olilyJ~ba n booy from which rays ofligh~ !,roeeed, n bod)' sending forth liglltGlr.; CS, Also relntive to odours., fnme etc.;oceasionally iD reference to deseent orparcntnge TI'9!J' - 2. to proceed, to go on,continue, nnd olirQ continualion, opr. to bcingfinished, :It nu cntl (Sel,. ineorr,: 'tue entl');-lab-' tQ zr'lI-gIt!Ji 'Ct~~pa- C., &hl'.: the inter_"option of a conversation by»uother person;Jiy -P'V) bead the process of destructionCAme to 1\0 eod Gil'.; sbyill.pui olllv) Cdllkyati .16ti.mo-pai ol;ro mu catl Pt./" the giftJIbnd COllie to nn end, but no~ the begging;opar'olWo Cal! tile pulse DO longer bentsThy,'.; ro.-~f1!J';'·-oljN>-""lams bJ.yur thecontinuations of lfftoslnting werc thrownl'lside Glr.; of the soul: y6d-ol,m-la miyo'" wllilst it is still c,.isting, it does notCOllie forLh, i, e. it "allisbes imperceptibly,II.S soon as lUllllteDlllt is mad find ~t

it& sent lIod to demonstrate ita eao.tllceMil.; oliro f,i,l-l'{l to ",ml~x tlie r~m.jnJer,

to IlJl(lcuu the eontinu"tion; '"fQ ldYiMJ.· f:to lay the contioul\tion asidc; ·J"l-vn· toput it olT, both eXl'rC!l~ioni illli'lyillg .11

interruption of work; .1;ro 11I1I 10'; or IIIJ/30'; I~ remnindcr is still left of ....h.t hasDot ooen used or cousumed: -oJi 9/81; 'N­te'" "Cl.er this hllS OOI'Il filled ul' (b}'IXluriul(ill the wllnting qllAmity) C.a;f.:fJ·':.r ollnk.rllU, Ilf. lIud iml'·liroy., fut.l,",; dbl'09 1,10 rob, take away; to depriveof, ecgpsr. ,w,', !fOt, rgyol- pI1i My - IW.

r!J!Jdl-su to deprive thc king of his throllCGiI·.j hence "f}!Jd1-saf'l'llfjs-l'ai mi u~uqJer

Gir,; (S1id-}}(I8 lIlii lIlf'joJItdbs 01',roy the Iieatdel'rivf!S a mall of his strength M~/.: yetalso: St!7Wi-lIid oprdg-pfl to tnke :mothermlUl's heart, to rUll awny with lJi.'i IIffec·

tions, to enlltivate him GIt·.; 01\1'01,1 - byiJ,and also ol;I'Og-lna -= dbt.n·Ji!1"9 I,~i,e, ShiwlI, 01' Also JndT1\, 2. 8ymb. num.;II. - rl.'U'"o1irdfJ. rohbery Ma., -rom- or&nll-' tdfJ", id., n: ;-I:6",-'!Ug tu,i-k,m" robber,-1('(IIi dati I:om-' fOg iY1-/I'· by violence, U'.- 2. to make one lose a thing, lxMfj - yiglall PNJf/s (by his negligence) he 11M Ullldeme lose my ox J);;l.; Slldlll-pa olnvJtj-hl &yUHmy "OW is lost to me, i.e. tile medilatiouI had "ol\'ed bas been di~turbed. t1l"wllrh,ldGlr., to deprive 1\ person of hi~ po...·er orplace, to overthrow, kiogs, digllitari~ dc,Stg., annlogous to I.Vo-bu, 09111-00, .fMlfl'­}Ia. - 3, to remove, do away with, expel,demons GIl'.~;rC: opro,; Glr., provine. for _prail .ud

opl'tN, Y. ol;l't,i.lm.Q,;f':.j' opl'fxl-pa J. "b,: pC, ,;1'QI,1. vb, u.,1 to 3prOd-pa, to have been delivered.

transmilled, fd!J-tu into the l!luilis of. pCfl!OlI,hence .1"'011-oll::ill, .(Q<l-::i,.- n: receiptquillance; i1Q or "••1"'O(1·,/{, to know, per·ceive, understand; ~o prob.•ho .nyi'; _I..1"3/il-ba1' IIW lirod&ltr. - 2.•dj. fit. proper.suilable, agreeing wilh, congenial to. }HJ-lxlrIIgreeing wilh tile stomacli .llrd.; ",i-_,iNxl':0' unwholesome food .11«1.; 1f1i-ojwVJl/-pn1101;;0 JiiQ:pj6es .d\'er..e fortuue, lldveNitJ C.;

J U.

362

Kan -pa e' Oprod ce-na if the question is,

whether the house is likely to prosper.

]" Oprob-pa Sch. = prdb-pa,

Oprol-ba Sch. = Oprdl-ba.

ba-ddn

a v. Opro-ba; Opros ytdfi-

ba Schr., Opros-par byed-pa Sch.

to spread, to pour forth, e.g. light, OprosTar. 48,3, ace. to Schf.: a detailed work;but Tar. 143,13?

q ba 1. the letter b, originally, and in the

frontier districts still at the present day,

corresponding to the English b; the pro-

nunciation of it, however, varies a gooddeal in the different dialects of the country:

in C. this letter, as an initial, is at present

deep-toned and aspirated= bh; in Sp. as

a final letter, it is softened down to w;and this softening of its sound prevails

throughout Tibet in the substantive termi-

nations ba and bo, when preceded by a

vowel or by n,r,l~ as a prefix it is sounded

in Bal. and Kh. = b or w. Regarding the

irregularities in the pronunciation of initial

db v. the Phonetic Table. --2. num. fi-

gure: 15.

rr ba I. (also bd-mo Cs. ?) COW, Odod- )oi

ba v. -jo-ba', ba-ko cow-leather; ba-kyu

herd of cows; ba-gldii v. below; ba-ycin

urine of a cow; ba-lci cow's dung; ba-cu,

resp. -cab ba-ycin (used by hindooizing

Tibetans, the cow, being sacred to the

Hindoos); ba-nu 1. a cow's dug. 2. a stone

resembling it in appearance Med.\ ba-prug

calf; ba-rmig a cow's hoofs; ba-rmiy-gi cu

the water collected in the impression of a

cow's foot on the ground, to denote a very

small quantity of water Dzl. ; ba-o for bai

^.6-ma; ba-rdzi cow-herd; ba-rd pen or

stable for cows;ba-ru 1 . a cow's horn.

2. vulg. cup for scarifying, the hollow tip

of a cow's horn being used as such; ba-

sd cow-beef.

II. affix or so-called article, for pa, to

substantives the roots of which end with

a vowel or with n, r, I, except when pa has

its particular signification^ in eu-paete.(v.

pa); in adjectives it is either syn. with po(as : dmdr-bai mdans, a ruddy complexion),or it denotes 'having' (= . . . po-can, as: sna-

dmdr-ba or sna-dmdr-po-can having a red-

dish trunk), or it is the sign of the verb

formed from it (dmdr-ba, to be red), or

of the abstract substantive (dmdr-ba, red-

ness).

ia-dkdr lime, lime-stone Schr.

ba-gdm, S.g. and elsewh.;Cs. : 'low

wall, parapet'; ace. to my authorities

a certain part of the timber work of a roof,

something like pinnacle, battlement; so

also Tar. 80,21: the king with his retinue

beheld the pinnacles of the Naga palace

rising above the surface; v. nyug-pak.

bd-ylan OX, bull; *ba-lan fsogs* W.,like an ox, stubborn, stupid; also

dirty, filthy, nasty, for which our vulgar

expression is swinish; ba-glan-spyod ap-

pellation for the western part of the globe,

v. ylih.- - 2. for bdl-ylan Dzl.

bd-ti, Hind. ^\\ a large brass dish.

n'crm* bd-ti-ka Stg., a small long-measure,

-fof a barley-corn.

bd-fag W., also Sambh., 1. root. -

2. stalk of fruit.

n'CX''

ba-ddn of which the word

is a corruption ace. to Li&., an ensign

362

fait*pa e' elirod «-fill if the question is,wbether the bouse is likel)' 10 Jlr06per.

C\;[.:r.:r .J~rJb..JI(l&A. -~l;Nilrpa, C;~..f~', ,.Prol..fM &II. - .,'mil-ba.

.:::j' ba 1. the leiter b, origiollll)", nlld in thefrontier districl.s ~tiU at the pl't'SCllt UIl)',

COITespoDtling to tim Engliqb bj the pro·Iluncintion of iL, however, mrieH 11 gooddeal in the different dialects of tile countr),:in C. thi9 IcUer, as an initial, is at presentueep-toned Ilnd ~piratcd - M; in Sp. 8SIl final letter. iL ;s iOftene<\ dowD kI "" ;

and this $Oft.cning of its sound pre"ai!,throughout Tibet in the substantive termi­nations 00. IUld bo, when p~eded by a"owe! or by k. r, Ii :IS a prefix it is iIOundedin Ral. ll.Dd 1\11.. - b Or «'. Regarding tbeirngularitics in \he pronunciation of ill;li.1dh v. tbe Phonetic Table. - 2. nUlll. fi­gure: 15.:r ba L (&Iso oo-mo Ca. 1) cow, .Jod-.jDi

ba v. -~; 00·1:0 cow-Imtber; ba,.J,:!/Wherd of COWS; b4.gMIi v. below; bo-y~uriM of " oow; ba-ii:i cow's dung; bo-clI,resp. -lab - ba-yCin (used b)' hindooh:ingTibetans, the cow. being sacred to theHindo08); va-nit 1. aoow's dug. 2. a stonereselllbling it in npptartUlcp. Mid.; ba-};,;,gcalf; Ua-nn{U II. co.....'s hoofs; ba-r/lli!l-ui CIttile wlLter collected in the illlprcgsion of acow's foot on the wound, to dellote n Vtf)"sm(lH quantity of wnter fri.; ba-o for bo;..d-ma; ba-1Y.L; cow-IIerd; bOArd peo 0.'stable for cows; ba-ri l. a cow's horn.2. vuig. cup for salrifying, the bollow tipof II. cow's born being uS(!(l as 5uch; ba­id cow-beef.

II. affix or so-called articlet for pa, to

C\~'f.q "imJ,,-pa v. "i'ro-ba: "fwt» )'lel.-ba &hr., "prca.par ~pa &!l.

to spread, to pour 'orllt, e.g. ligbl, "f­'l'ur. 48,a, ace. to &hi-: a detailed work;bill Tar. 143, 13?

substantives the roots of which end with"'·o....·el or with H, r, /, except when pa liasitsparticulnr signification,ns ill cu-paew. (\'.po); in ndjeetil'cs it j .. either s)"n. with po(as: (Imul'-bai mdo!i., n mdd)' complexion),or itdellotl's 'having' (_ ... 7»"oon, as: .no­,Jmur-ba or mo-dlllur-Jlo..(I(lN llaving n red­dish trunk), or it is the sign of the "arbfOfmed from it (dmur-ba, to lte tell), orof tbe :lbslraet subslantive (dmdNJa, rell­ness).

.q·-rrr ba-J1ar lime, lime-stone &/ir.

~":Jff ba-gam. S.g. and elsewh.; Y.: 'low....a1~ para~t'; ace, to m)" lWlhoritiei

II certain Pllr~ of the timbf,r work of II roof,something like pinnacle, battlement: sollbo Tar. SO, 21: \he king with his retinu('beheld the jlinllades of the Naga pa.la<"erising IlbO\"'e thc surface; v. "!I'g-pa4.

~'i3F' lxi-rlax OK, bull; -ba-I4Ii flOfl'- W.,like an ox, ilubborll, stupid; also

dirt)", filthy. nasly, for which onr vulga]'cxprcS5ion i~ swinish; ba-glali-.pyod I'lp­pellntion for the westcrn pnrt of the globe,\'. rli". - 2. for bal-rllll; lJ:l.

~'?' ba-ti, }find. lfToft. a large brass di.h.

~'~'1fJ' btl-li-ko St9·, II smllll long-mcasure,~ of n barley-com.

.q'£Ff bd-fay U':, also SambA., I. rool ­2. stalk of fnril

::r~~ lxl.Jdn I. 1fllTIIT, of .....hich \be wordis II. cOlTUption ace. to Lil., an enaign

r_

with pendent silk strips DzL, Gyat<-/i.,^ /'//.

- 2. also si'x-r<i/>-rd/-</ri, stated to be a

kind of dagger, set upright, a semblance

of which often attends apparitions of the

gods; tliu> the signification of 'sword', given

by Sc/t., seems to be justified, and also

Mn: refers to it under &pa-ddm\ I never

met with it in B. in that sense.

ba-ddm, Pers., Urd. JjL, from \he

(S'-^'- 3T?ny , 'windmango' Shksp.,

almond.

q-r- bd-spu a little hair, the little hairs

xl of the body, bd-spu lati or Idaii, the

little hairs stand up, I shudder, B., C.;

similarly: bd-spu yyo Glr., Mil.; ba-sputeam yan med (I feel no repentance) even

as great as a hair DzL ; bd-spu-can hairy,

covered with hair, ba-spu-mcd bald; bd-spui

bii-ija or knit (-bu) pores.

bd-bu (Pers. (ji^L, pupo*) a soft shoe,

skud-pai knitted shoe, pin-pai felt-

shoe, but in general they are made of wool

or goat's hair.

ba-bla (Ts. *bhd-bla*) Med. arsenic.

ba-Jboy W. clod, lump of earth.

q'5j<r*ba-men Mil., Wdfi., Cs. and Sc/t. :

'

'a species of wild cattle with large

horns'; Sch. also: buffalo-calf: though in

Sambh. yans-n-ba-mhi are spoken of.

bd-mo hoar-frost. It. and col.; ba-tsa

(Campbell in Summer's Phenix p. 142,

5:pen-cha\ inferior, impure soda, incrusting

the ground near salt-lakes; it is mixed with

the food of cattle (from which circumstance

the word may be translated 'cow-salt'), oc-

casionally also for the want of somethingbetter put into the tea; bd-fsui tky&r-rtsi

Cs. muriatic (hydro-chloric) acid.

J"^'/&'^J* bt(-ra-na-si\ v. ird-ra-na-si.

^j-i'X'T* ba-ni-ra an astringent medicament^

Med.

a*QTK* bd-la-ha, can-ses bd-la-ha, n. of a

demon, v. rta-inh'xj.

ba - In = da -li, various low alpine

species of Rhododendron.

to the climbers Ml.

Ybii-xn 1. v. //a I. 'I. prol,. /;,/-

HI-/HI u hitter-tasted officinal plant,

acc. to Wdit. an Indian tree; in 7>A. a rnthT

insignificant radiated flower.

^VJ bd-m, W. a virulent boil, ulcer.

bd- Lit.. /HI-*,,./.,, i.. currants, small

raisins.

bd-so elephant's tooth, ivory; bd-to-

mKan worker in ivory.

bay I. a primary signification of this

word seems to be: a narrow space: thu-

with Sch. fig. bdy-doy-pa to be straitened, in

necessitous cimmiMances, poor: in another

application more frq.: bay-bam a little.

mn- bdy-tsam re a little money Mil. : /'</</-

re T/tt/r., perh. the same; dd/i-ya lt<iy-<-

bde the appetite is growing a little better

Lt.\ fser-ina bdy-tsam yod-pa having a t-\\

prickles H '<///.,- lniy-t*aw-iHt slight, insigni-

ficant, trifling. *<lny-bsndl, a slight misfortune

Thyy.; ma-btJc-ba bdy-team-la bz<Hl-f<i mi

byed-pa Mil. to be fretting on account of

a trifling mischance; most frq., however,

the word has a moral bearing: attention,

care, caution, relative to physical and moral

evils or contaminations: buy-im\l. in a gen.

sense: rd-ro ddii-po bdy-mtd-pa the be-

ginning of intoxication is the disappearing

of attention; in a special sense (Ssk. l|4||^):

careless, heedless, fearless: //>/-/></ -/W fear-

less of misfortune D:/. : ^li-lta-btti bay nit'il-

/""' oify1* 1' I shall be freed from the fear

of such things I>;1.; fearless, without fear

or consideration, without regard to conse-

quences or to the judgment of other> etc.,

</// - Id bay- med Odi-tsam O

fif>i - ba lilt.

withoutshame drinking such great quantities

of beer; mi-dyS-bat lax ba</-int'tl-f>ar /*//-

pa to sin without fear or restraint />.-/.;

Odod-cdys-la bdy-meil-paa to indulge in

sensuality without ie>traint 1>:1. : heedless-

ness with regard to good and evil '/'//-. 4.

_'!': moral carelessness, indifference, want of

principle, by-mt'd-la nydl-ba (. . . stated to

be = bdg-la nyal-ba. v. bag II : of nn op-

.....ith Il('Illlf:llt silk &t"I'8 ]):1., Gyatd.., GI,..- 2.•Ito u.-,,,,J,..-nd_gri, stlttcd to I.H! akind of dalJ8er, ;,et upright, IL semhlallOOof which of~1l attends Ilpp'uitH>n!l of tbegods; UIU", the sigTlifiealion oPsword', gi"cnb)' &A., iftID5 to be justified, and alto

Ier. reff:r8 to it under "la-ddm; I nevermd with it in lJ. in Ill" 1oense.

~.~ ba-ddJlI, Pws., lJrd. r\.JY. (n:lnl 'be&.t. ~, 'wiodmllngo' ShbJ'.,

almond.~·W bd-1J1tt a little hair, the Jittle Ilflin~ of the body, oo~ lati or Ma';. the

little Ilairs stand up, I shudder, /1., C.j"imiltlrll: bd.,p" JYO Glr., Mi1.; ha-,pu('alII !Jan ,n~l (I fed no repclltllnee) e...enM grt'llt fIS II bllir D:::l.; bU-$pu._rrm t1airy,covered with Itair, Ua-IJl'u.-mM h:lll1; bd-JIpu;M-ya or lC,ui (-1m) pores.

~.S' lId-/1II (Pm. v.~~4.1Itipo:)a 50ft shoe,IkWlI-IHt; knitted ~hoc, iin-paj frlt_

~hoe, but iu general th~y are nllltle of w(IOlor gant's hllir.

:rZ ba.fJk (T,. ·bIW.-Ua·) MtJ. arsenic.

.:r,,~ oo-.bos Ir. clod. lump of earth.

.:ri.l; ba-JUhI Mii., lIilli., (,;. :lIld &11.:'llo species of .....ild cattle with 1D.f~

horn<:'; &It. alto: bulfalo-calf; lhough inBu.""'•. !lu..';-ba_Il';" lire s-plIkell of.

:rif iJd..wto hoar-lrosf, H. t\nd col. j /Ia-tMl(Campbell in Summer's Phenix fl. I"'""

5: ~-<Ita), inferior, impute soda, inc"l..~tillg

the ground near salt-lakes j it is rnixecJ withtile food of tllttle (from wllieh eircul1llit:lnr~

tile wordlDAY he Irauslatetl 'cow.snlt'), DC­

ca;;illllAIl)' l\l.~o for the wnnt of lUlmcthillghettel' I'ut into tile teu; lxl·($(l! .J.·!JItr-,·uiOJ. muri/ltie (hydro-cliloric) acid.

~':';r'~' Il!i.ra·~ItI-$i, v. IN!./'fl-,!It-si.

'"~'5':'; lxl·ru-ra au lLStringeul mctlieamcnl'o,;! MH{.

~r..fi· bfi-{a-/lll, Cll';..u. lNi-/«_1ttt, II. of ademon, .... rta-mMy.

~~. ~~;i:i~:~=~S 10\\ .tl,ine

:rr:r ba-k-.l:.n In~lM-ill.1 plant, belotlgingUo tbe dimhert ."trl.

Cl"-tf M-i4 I..,. ba J. - 1. J'rob. _ bci-ia-M • bitler-,--..~l oflianaJ INftat..

ace. to IllLi. all Indian tl'ft; in LA.. rathforill!;iguifieant radiated fto...er.

:r fHl.flt, n~ a rindfllt boi~ .....~

q-~ ~~ Ld.. iM....la C, cwrants, .anraiSIns.

:r~ ba.., t!fephant's looth, ivory; w-_"Ifan "'orker in iYor,.

~=l'f buff L a JlrimAry lIignifiration of thi5wtlrd seems to lie: a narr1lW apace; tbu~

witll Sen fig. bd!,~Iog-pa to be ItnWk'DetI, innecessitou.i eirrulD~\lIncrs, IlOOr: in anotherIIPlllicatiou more frq.: Ix0 -Ul,m • little,11m' bti!H~al/l rt 1\ little money Mil.: buy­re TI'gr., periJ. tile SlIme; llti,i.yCl 009-(1101/1lxk Ih(" appetite is growing 1\ little better1..1.; (dr-lntJ, bUy_UnTl. yOd-l'(1. Ila ...ing a fr,,·prickles Wdlt.; bdg.uam"1>n slight. insigni­ficanl trifling. I'(J~g--/*4iI. a illigbt mi"forhmeTIlgy.; ·ItUl./x/~ INUrtMm-/ti b:&tl-pa ..j

6~pa ,1fil. to I.H! f~uing on accounL ofI trifling mischance; 11l0llt. frq, bOlrcyer•the word Ilu a moral bearing; .ttmtitlt.care, caution. matne to physical Ind lDODI(',·il$ or contaminations: bag-rNJ, iu a gell.!tCIlse: ni-ro ddJO-po Mo·~-pa tlte ~ginning of inloxicalioa is tbe di"II'J-riugof ILtlelltiollj in '$I~iftl ~se (&t. ~):careless, heedless, fearless: JIf~,i r...r­Ic-.s or m~(ortlllle lId.; ili-lt(l~ibug-u­IHir offYUl' I sh:,"1 be fl'ft'd (rom tile r~of sudl things J):l.; fearless. without fl'lror <"ODsideraliou, ""ithuut rt'gard to eOIl'>C­qllenrC!! ur to lhe judgment of otllelll l!tc.,culi-," bug_1Iild .(1(-"/1," .filll_lNl I"".wilboutsilame d riuking$ucb grelt qualltitil'snf bur; 7Ilj..(lyi-bai la~ btly-HINI-'lflr 6yM_I)ff to sin wilhoot fear or teblraillt Ihl.;.tltxl.ld!J'-la Mg._i-pal 10 illdulge illiCDsulllit)· \\ ithoul ~traillt D:i.; !'IeedieSl­nea ""idl reganl to gOOtlllnd e\'iJ Tar. -I.t1; moral careleSSMIS, indifference, want 01principk. lx;~-ltl ",u'..JH. C , "t.tcJ tobf - ~a YfJlll-k v, bt-g Il: nf In lip-

364

bag ban

posite meaning: bag-yod(-pd) reverence,

fear, shame, often parallel to no-fsa, Odzem-

pa; conscientiousness, almost religious awe;

adj. conscientious; spyod-pa bdg-yod-pa con-

scientious dealings (pious course of life)

Dom.; bdg-yod-par mdzod-cig act conscien-

tiously, take care not to commit sin (here= do not kill) Tar. 32, 7

;de bdg-yod-pai

p'yir as he was conscientious (here= chaste)

Tar. 39, 2 ; bag dan Iddn-pa id.; bag dan

Iddn-par mdzod Glr.; bdg-fsa-ba to be afraid

;

bay mi fsa I am not afraid Mil.;sbst. fear,

timidity, anxiousness Mil., Stg.; bdg-fsa med-

pa fearlessness Mil.; bag byed-pa c. la, to

fear, to dread, a person Dzl., to take care

of, one's clothes Dzl.; bag-yarts-su (ox-kyis)

Sch. {'cura relaxata') without fear, fear-

lessly, coolly ; bag Kums - pa Sch. to be

afraid; bag Jbebs-pa to drop, abandon,cast away all fear, yzan-la the dread of a

person Mil. frq.; bag-pa Dzl. >CV, 15 Ms. as

a vb. to be afraid, to be fearful, de-dag

bag- tu dogs

- nas afraid lest they should

take fright (another reading: bros-su] bdgs-

kyis with fear, with awe Mil.; bdgs-kyis

byed-pa to act carefully, with caution Dzl.

%&"?, 15; ma bags-kyis without fear, un-

restrained Dzl. 3W, 1 (.Ms. ;with Sch. ma

is wanting, and both passages are rendered

incorr.); bdg-po adj.=

bdg-yod-pa Cs.; bag-zon dread, fear, anxiety Sch. -

II. inclination? passion? bdg-la nydl-baWas. (241) 'vanities (in Chinese: lullings

into security'), the usual sinful temptations,

lust, anger etc.;the etymological derivation

of the term is, however, not perfectly clear;

bag-med-la n^dl-ba, which ace. to its pri-

mary signification ought to be placed sub I,

is said to imply the same. More frq. bag-cdgsdenotes passion, inclination, propensity, gen.

in a bad sense, las-nan bag-cdgs, ndn-pai

bag-cdgs, also occasionally without any ad-

dition, id.; bag-cdgs yid-kyi lus the 'in-

tellectual' body of passions Thgr., v. lus',

less frq. in a good sense : Tar. 32, 7 = love,

affection; bag-cdgs bzan, Mil. -

III. in compounds also for bag-pye and

bag-ma.

j- bag-pa 1. vb. to be afraid, v. bag I.

- 2. purity? Cs.

bdg-po 1. = bag-yodCs.- 2. bride-

groom.

bag-pye (W. *bdg-fe*} wheat-flour;

bag-skyo thin pap or porridge of

meal; bag-zdn thick pap, dough; bag-dron,

warm porridge ; bag-shydr paste ; bags-sbyin

lute, putty, a compound of meal and glue;

bag-leb, resp. bzes-bdg C. a cake of bread

(Hind, chapdti).

bdg-ma bride, len-pa to choose, to

take frq.; bag-ma-la (or bag-mar)

len-pa to choose for a bride, yton-ba to

give for a bride (wife), Ogro-ba, cd-ba Ma.,*cd-ce* W., to become a bride, to get mar-

ried; *bdg-ma ti-te (or Idh-te) bor-ce*, W.

to leave the chosen bride with her parents,

sometimes for years, which frequently is

the case, as betrothals, from reasons of ex-

pediency, are often brought about by the

parents at a very early age. The common

custom is that the young man desirous of

marrying proceeds to the parents of his

chosen one with the 'wooing-beer',sZo'w-ca?J,

which step however may remain yet a pri-

vate affair; after some time he brings tig-

can, the 'settling-beer', and finally bsu-can,

the 'taking-home-beer1

, whereupon follows

the wedding, bag-ston, and the consum-

mation of marriage, bza-mi byed-pa. bag-

gos wedding-garment; bag-grogs -mo bride's

maid 6s.; bag-zon Cs. (prob. more correctly :

rdzofis) dowry.

bdg-tsam v. bag I.

bdg-tse a little basket for wool or

clews of wool, W.

bag-sis (also bdxis, boxis etc.) Ar.*r

1. fee, drink-money.

2. Sp. a present, alms.

qcn^r bags v. bag I.

qp- ban 1. foot-race, ban niyzdn-las mgijogs-

pa to be quicker in running than an-

other; de dan ban mnydm-par rgyug-pa to

run with equal swiftness as ... Pth.; ban

rgyug-pa Cs., *bhan tdn-wa* C.', *ban tan-

364

posite meaning: fXlfl-ytJd(-pa) reverence,fear, shame, ol'l.en parallel to ltO-(8a, od:::em­pili conscientiousness, almost religious awe;adj. cOliscientious; sp/fiXl-pa bug-yod-pa con­scientious dealings (pious course of life)Lktm.; hdg-yo;l-par md::dd.cig aet conscien­tiously, take cure not to commit sin (llere= do not kill) Tar. 32, 7; de bdg-yod-pai'fyir as he was conscientious (bere ~ chuste)Tal', 39,2; bag dUi' ldtiJi-pa id.; bay tIa,;lJdn-par md::od Gb'.; bdg.(sa..ba to be afraid;bUi/7Ili (sa I nlll not afraid Mil.; ahst. fear,timidity, anxiousness JIil., Sf(J.; 66.9-(811 mM­pa fearlessness .Mil.; lxl[1 b!JhI-pa c. la, tofCUT, to drend, u person D::l., to take careof, one's clothes D::l.; bay-yaliNIl (or -kyis)&/,. ('cura nla.rata') without fear, fenr­lessly, coolly; bag oA'(am - pa &/,. to beafraid; bag obibs.pa to drol', abnndon,cnst away all fear, yZan-la the dread of n.perSOll Mil. frq.; bdg.pa D::l. .0\ 15 ,113. asa vb. to be nfrnid, to be fearful, de~tl(lfJ

bdy ~ tu d&,fl. na8 afrniu lest tbey shouldtake fright (nnother reading: brQNU) bdY8~

kyi8 with fenr, with awe Mil.; bdg8 ~ I.'!}isbyl:d-pa to act carefully, witb cnutiOl\ D::l.:<;--7,15; 'l1Ia bagd ~ l.'!Ji8 witllOut f('ar, un~

restrained D::l. .{I'\~, 1 (Md.; with Sel,. mais wnnting, lind both passages are renderedincorr.); My.po adj. - bd1J-!JQl1~pa ('s.; bag.::6n drend, fear, anxiety Sell. -

. 11. inclination? passion? bdg~la 1lydl-baH'aB. (241) 'vanities (in Chinese; lullinggioto security'), the usoal sinfullemptntions,lnst, anger ere.; tbe etymological derivationof the term is, however, not perfectly clear;bag.mM~la n~al-ba, which ace. to its pri~

m'l.ry signification ought to be plneed sub I,is &lid t.o imply tbesame. ~lore frq. bag-cdfJsdenotes paSSion, inclination, propensity, gen.in u. bad sense, las-liall bag-ca!J!, ,ian-patbaU~'tUY8, also occu.sioDnll}' witbout nny ail~

dition, iii.; bag-cUfJ8 yld-I:ri Ius the 'in­tellectual' body of pussions TllfJl'., v. lu8;less frq. in a good sense: Tal". 3t,7 _Io\'e,affection; bOy-'MY8 b::aI;, .Mil. - ~

111. in compounds also for bag-J'~ anubdrrma.

=l~' bali

~=l']''f bdv-pa 1. vb. to be afraid, \'. bag I.- 2. pUrity? Ca.

.::j=l'r'f bag-po I. = oog-,lj6d ('8. - 2. bride­groom.

.::j=l']''§' baY-hi (1V. "lx1g-J~/~) Wheat-flour;ba.,! • r.J.'jJO thin pap or porridge of

lOcal; bag~::dli thick pn~ Jough; bag-dlV1l,warm porridge; ba.q-sb!Jdl· paste; bag8-8byilllute, putty, n comllUund of men! and glue;bay-lib, resp·. bU8~bti9 ('. a cake of l,rellu(/find. clwp'lti)..::F]';.j' baY-ilia bride, lht-pa to c1lOose, to

lake fnl'; bdg.ma.la (or bdg~mal')

lht.pa to choose for :I. bride, fMit -ba togive fOI" l\ bride (wife), o9/"(j.OO, Cd·!xl No.,"'tll-ct!* lV., to becvme n bride, to get mllr­ricd; "bug-Ria t/~u (01" ld'i-tt) bOI·.i:I", IV.to leave the chosen britle witll her parents,sometimes for l'eal'S, which frequeotJy isthe case, u.s betrothals, {rom reasons of ex­peiliency, nre often brought about by theparenls at a very early age. The commoncustom is t1l1lt the young lOun Jesil'ous ofmanying proceeds to the parents of hischosen one with the 'wooing-beer',8ldli-'tllli,which step howo\'er may remain yet a pri­vate affair; after SOlDe time he brings tig­'tali, tho 'settling~beer', aod finnlly ~u-cali,

lbtl 'takillg-home·beer', whereupon followsthe wedding, bag ~ stoll, and tbe eoosum·mlltion of marriage, b::u..·mi b!JI:d~'Pa. - bag­g6s wedding·garment; bug-yrOgs.mo bride'smaid C8.; bag-::o,; C8. (pl'Ob_lDon' correctl),:rd=QJi8) dowry.

.::j=l'f~~. bli!J-f8llm v. bag I.

:r-rr~~ bUg-tu n. little basket for wool orclews of wool, lV.

"" bdg-ais (also bd.rig, bO.ris etc.) AI".~::rr.a~r 0 •

I . I ~ 1. fee, drink~mone)'.-

2. Sp. a present, alms.

~=l'J'-~' bag8 \'. oog I.

.::jl"'"' b/lli ). foot,race, b/lli IIi f::d'l~la8 mg!Jogs-.... pa to be quicke-r in runniug tban IIU·

other; dt! dmi bwi IlUiylim-pw' ''fI.ljug-pa to

rUIl with ('qual swiftness as ... Pi1l.; bwiruyug-pa C8., "b!ulli tdn-l.Ca~ *bwi tun·

bab-Ml

\V. ; tut,,;/r<h/-}><t

t<> run a race;

X/>I/<>//-/HI Mil. to exercise one's self in

ban </a// ^/rti-las-daif-t/w nyfrn-paor Ixiii -,//"* Itl/i'-li -jut.

to OVeivxrrt I.IH-"-

-It in running A/c/.;*A/w

//-////"</, bliaii-cdu*

C. running-match, race: l><i;<-c,'n(-pa, al>o

*yo) /V/*.,

G/r. swift messenger, courier;

*bhan-mi* <\, *baii-m^ W., id. 2. v.

bdn-ba.

qr*q* bdit-ba, bdii-kaii. l>dh-mdzod store-

room, store-house, corn magazine, also

treasury 7>c/.: xiii-l><iit A'ww. a large box for

grain, half underground; ban -pud first-

fruit offering from the barn; *bhah-yha* Ts.

repository; (dbns-ban, pronounced:) *n-

7!s. cupboard, press, case.

ban-rim = Kn- pdn, the part of the

mcod-rten which has the form of

a staircase. 2. *Sc/i. 'a separate part of

a house connected by a staircase' (?).

baii-so grave, tomb, yson-por bdn-sor

Odzug-pa to bury alive Glr.; sepul-

chre, monument, ban-so Odebs-pa, or rtsig-pa

to build a sepulchre Glr.; ban-so mcod-pato perform funeral sacrifices, to honour a

grave Glr.

Qrgrrr bdns-pa Sch. l. = sbdm-pa. 2.

= bdit-ba. 3. = bdn-so.

nc'fr bdt-ti (Hindi) 1. a weight = 2 set',

about 4 pounds. --2. balance, pair

of scales; *bdt-ti tay-ce* to weigh W.

qj--^^ 1 moisture, humidity, *sin bad /,

:

<>r-

' na* W. when wood attracts humidity;*bdd-cari

f

moist, humid, damp, from rain

or dew W. 2. hoar-frost bd-mo Sch.,

Wts. 3. in compounds for bdd-kan. -

4. edge, border, bad ni yser the edge is of

gold Sch.; mKar-bdd S.g.= Ka-bad? b<id-

Obur Mil.?

-.. bdd-kd (. a |ilant, similar to mustard,

'

yielding oil.

__.__. bdd-kan mucus phlegm, a. as normal^ substance of the body comprizing 5

kinds: rten-byed mucus in the joints of the

neck and shoulders, myag-byed in the sto-

mach, myoii-byi'd in the tongue and palate,

fxim-l>i/l in the brain, eyes etc., Jbyor-tytd

in the rest of the joints; b. in a morbid

state, as a cause of disease: bdd-iun-Uu

i/i/i'/r-jiai na<l mucous diseases; bin! -I

I/ten mucus in the cardiac region*, prob.-

gastric catarrh; bad-kan-lcagt-drty* in-

testinal catarrh; bad-kan-intjul-^ydtj* mu-cous consumption: bdd-knn ////////-// dkdr-

po etc. Med.; bad-kan-rlin'i phlegm and air.

bad-kan-mkris phlegm and bile: bad-/

kra<j phlegm and blood Ml.

ban \.c. beer-jug, pitcher. 2 v. the

following articles.

ban-cuti, ban-bun a little,

a bit; ki/od- rail ////<////>-

ban-bun-gyi sndii-ba-la you, with your litt It-

bit of spiritual light Mil. : rt*i-*iii sna-Mus

ban-ma-bun forest-trees of every kind not

a few (or also variously mixed?) Mil.: ///-

ce in moderate quantity, 'tolerably many'.

rr* ban - dha Sch. skull, cranium; frq.

a spelled bhan-dha, hence perh.= ^mg

vessel, in which sense it is gen. to be un-

derstood in books; accordingly it may be

a skull used as a drinking-vessel.

ban -dhe, ban -

de, ace. to

Hodgson's learned Nepalese

authority (lllustr. 75) =^p^f. /v/v/m-

dus, salutandus, for which also in the Ti-

betan language bfxitH-jia is alway- u>-d a-

an equivalent: a Buddhist priest; hence origi-

nally= Buddhist in general, the term being

also applied to women Mil.; ban-radn an

old priest Glr.; ban-xj>rdii and *j>ra/i-bdn

a mendicant friar; ban-citn ('/''/<- kiomj

Desg. 370) pupil, disciple in a monastery:

ban-log col., a priest that has turned ap"--

tate; bon-bon Mil. and rl-i-wh. 1. (ace. to

our Lama:) Buddhist and Bonpo. 2. (ace,

to Sch.): a Bon-priest in which i-a-M-. how-

ever, the word prob. would be bon-bdn.

bait-:nn Sc/i.l for baij-zdn dread.

fear.

'*

bub v. Obdb-pa.

bab-t-al hastiness, rashness, want of.

OOnsideration in spt-aking and act-

ing= yzn-ltnn; sdi<i-j>a

bab-col-du bytd-jm

m recklessly, without heed or regard Mil.

~.~. lxil4-ba

tc- w.; bruc o91'(;u-pa 10 rUll 1\ racc; bail­"fuil wy(,il-bu Mil. to ~ercisc one's ~elf inmeing; 1111" limi o!Jrd-im-dag-yis lIyin -}laor ba" -o!!'vJs lIy1n -}III to overexert one',;self in running Mtf.f.; "bJI(1I1-yyd!J, bAali-'lIM"('. running-match, race; bUll - 'Ebl(-pll, abo-/JO) HI.., GIl', swill messenger, courier;"b/,a,,-mi'" c., "b(lll -1111'* n~, id. - 2. v.lxiil_bu.~.~. bIlil-ba, bd'l-/.!ati, [ui.ri-md:l>I.l slore·

room, store.house, tom magazine, alsoIreasury D:1.: Uti_bail Kun. Il Inrge bo): forJ;rnin, lutlf underground; bIl,i -,'md fin,t­fruit offering from the uurn; ·Matj-glla' '13.repository; (dhm - hail, pronounced:) "If­Md"· n. cupboard, press, case,.qc'~~. bQl;-n'I/~-lfl'i-ol'xi,;, the part of the

... 1Ilrod-l'ten which luis the form ofIl. staircase, - 2. Sell. 'a sepnrnte llllrl of"' house connected by n stnircnse' (?).~~.~ huti-/1() grave, tomb, fson-por bdti-so/'

odziJg-pa to bul'y nli\'e Gb'.: sepul­chre, monument, bd,j-so "dtbs-pa, or rlsig-pato build Il. sepulchre Gfr.; bdti-so mOOd-puto perform funeml sncrificelS, to honour 11

gnn-e GIl'.=!~~'!:.l' bUlis-pa Scll. 1. - wa,is-p«. - 2.

- bd,i-ba. - 3. - luili-so.:r-;,' bdt-ti (Ililldl) 1. II. weight - 2 $C/',

auout 4 pounds. - 2. balance, pair01 scales; "lxlt-ti ui.,,-;;e- to weigh IV.~_. bad I. moisture, humidity, "M,i bad 1f6r-

1 tlu'" lV. when wood nUmcts buruidi~y;'"&M-ean· moist, humid, damp, from miDor dew \I'. - t. hoar·lrosl . bd-lIl(1 &A.,Wh:. - 3. in comf'ouDds for lx1/i-kall. ­4. edge, border, bad ni )'3t1' the edge ill ofgold &11.; mfar-lxi/l S.!!. _ lla-bad! bud­"bU,' Mil.1::t-=\·rrr b/id-ka C. a plaot, similar to mustanl,

)'iclding oil..::J-·"'9 bdil-kwi !Uucus phlegm, R.IIS uormal

"\ suhstnno.:e of the llody cOlupriziog akillll.s: l·ten-byM mucus in the joints of theneck lUld sbouldcrs, tIIyafl-byid in the sto­mach, 711!JOli-biJM in the t.onguc and plliate,($irn-byM:n the llrnin, eyes ctc., "bUO"-byMin the rest of the joints; bJIl I l~orqid

stllto', ns II caUM! of diJlC!a.e: &id-ltut_/".!J!Jur-pai flatl III U(.'{)U8 di!ealt!!> j &Ill_ A·m._lIohi nlUCUS in the eardi.c n'gion., prob.- gt\Strie catArrh j bad-bl1l-f("!J"-flrit,. in­testinal catarrh; bad-/rau-1ItflUi-09/ig. IlIU­cous COnSUlDlltion j b<itl-Jmn gl';'III-b1l t!A·tir­po etc. 1I!/!(1.; bad.J:an-rltiti phlegm IUH.lllir,b<ld-A-a'I-JIIfd, phlegm ami bile; &1l1./om­'''rug phlel{m IUld blood 'uNI.

.::J~' brill I. C. beer.jug, pilcher, - 2 Y. thefollowing articles.

.::J~'~. ~~ ba"-t"'';, ban-bitll a little,, a bit; kyod - ,'liir n!lIUl/S_

ban-bUn-!!!!i 3min-bu-ia )·ou, with Jour lilliebit of -"piritunl light Mil.: rt3i-iiti '1II1-fldJ.ban-lIlrt-bim forest-trees of eyery kind nota few (or also \·lI.riou~ly mixed?) Mil.; balt­a in modernle quantity, 'toleNibly many'.

.::J~'"". luill- d"a SeA. skull, cranium; frq.1 spelled Mtin....lha, hence perlt._lIT'Q

\'essel, in which senS(' it is geD. to he un­dcrstood in books; lIccordingly it may beII. skull used as II. drinking-vessel.

~~.~. ~~.~. bdll-J/,t, lxill-ok,ace. tol' Hodg.'Son's learned Kep:llese

lluthority (lIIustr. 75) - ~"<ll", rrt:tj't'/I­

(1113, salutandll', for which also in the Ti­betan lnngullge bf$,m-pa is nlwllJ.'S uied a"lin equivalent: a Buddhisl priesl; hence origi­nally _ Buddhist in genernl, the term I.leingalso npplied to woml'll Mil.; bt",-rg,ill linold .I,riest GII'.; ball ...prd;' and IJl·ra';-bd1ia meDilicant frinr; bllll - eN'; ('ptll - /ric"!,,Desy. 370) pupil, di:<ciplc in a mona~terJ;

ban-lOg col., a priest th:lt ht\$ turned "110$­tllte; bfm-bOn Mil. nnd elsewlt. 1. (ace. toOllr I.llIma:) Buddhist lind Bonpo. 2. (ace.to SeA): a Bon-priest, in wllicb c-...e. hll"'··e\'er, Ihe word prob. woul<! oe boH-!NiH.

~~.~' ball-ZOIl &A.: for b<,y-zo,. dread,I fear.

.::J.::,r bah \'. ixib-'}(l.

.::J.:::r~' halt-Nt huline", rashness. want ofoon~i,leratioll in 81lt:llkiog alld lIet­

ing _ }':ll-l<illl; afflO-P<' lxlb-Ml~1l I~-pa

to 8jn r...1:I~lJ, witbout heed or ll:gMrd.Jfil.let -'1;

366

bdb-mo bar

(?) Ld. soft,

mild;also chaste, modest(cor-

rupted from bag-mo?).<^s 1- sunk, settled, v. Jbdb-pa: nu-

ma-la ran-bdbs-kyi rdzas byug-ste

rubbing the breasts with a medicine, so that

they sank down of themselves, as if theywere full Glr.; bdbs-sa settlement, colonySch. 2. shape, form, appearance Sch. -

3. rta-babs v. rta, comp.

bdm(-pa) 1. rotten, decayed, putrid,

TO bdm -pa putrid corpse Tar.,

bam-ro, id.; prob. also corpse in general,

esp. in connection with sorcery; bam-cen,id.? Thgr. 2. mould, white film on liquids;

mouldy, fusty, musty W.

J^ bdm-po1 . bundle of wood or grass

Schr., Sch. 2. division, section, of

books, (of greater length than a chapter) ;

in metrical compositions it is said to com-

prize a number of 300 verses; glegs-bdmv. glegs; barn-sin Sch. board, prob.

=gleys-

sin.

bam-ril 1. Sch. dull, weak, from

old age or long labour, worn out,

by much usage.- - 2. W. mould.

bar sbst. (6s. also bar -ma) 1. inter-

mediate space, interstice, interval, mfcar

ynyis-kyi bar zdm-gyis sbrel-ba Glr. over-

bridging the space between the two castles;

sa-bdr straits, narrow sea; cu-bdr isthmus,

neck Of land; *pdn-gi bar, ldn-Ke bar, O ce

bar* shelf of a repository, cup-board etc.

W.; intermediate, middle, mean, stod smadbar ysum upper, lower and middle countryMa.

;bar Odir here in the middle countries

Glr.; bdr-gyi, id., as adj. Tar. and elsewh.;

bdr-gyi sder-cdgs, in Wdn. a lizard, as an

amphibium partaking of two natures; bdr-

na, bdr-du, bdr-la adv. and postp. c. genit.

(and -accus.), Idm-gyi bdr-na in the middle

of the road (there is a well); on the road,

in or on the way, on the journey Dzl.; brag-

bar btsir-ba to be squeezed between two

rocks Thgy. ;Id-ma dan ydl-gai bdr-du be-

tween leaves and branches Dzl.; rgya bod

bdr-la Ogro-bai mi people travelling between

China and Tibet Glr.; del bar-la, de-bar

between Glr.;

in the mean time, at the same

time, Glr.;zla-ba ysum-gyi bdr-du (to pro-

vide for a person) for the space of 3 months

Dzl.; zag bdun-gyi bdr-du for seven days

(he had not eaten any thing) Dzl.; fun-cin

byd-bai sd-ca bdr-du byon he went as far

as the coun f

ry called tun-cin Glr.', dd-lfai

bdr-du Glr., da-tsam-gyi bdr-du Dzl.; da-

bdr, Mil until now, hitherto; de(i) bdr(du)

id., when referring to what is past- until

then; Obrds-bui bdr-du fob-pa to obtain all,

even to the fruit (inclusive of the fruit) Dzl',

Ian ysum-gyi bdr-du at three (different)

times Dzl ; frq. with verbs: rtse-mo-la fiig-

gi bdr-du till even touching the top Dzl.

and so frq.; rel. to time gen. with a ne-

gative, being then equivalent to as long as,

ma fob-pai bdr-du as long as it has not

been obtained = until its having been ob-

tained Dzl.; na ma si bdr-du till or up to

my death Mil.;ma bsleb bdr-du as long as

\ve have not reached, attained Glr. ; seldom

without a negation: mya-ndn-las Odds^paibdr-du Dzl U), 4 (s. 1. c.); bdr-nas from

between, rtsib-mai bdr-nas from between

the ribs Glr. 2. fig. bar byed-pa to inter-

pose, intercede, mediate Glr., cf. bdr-mi.

3. Termin. of ba, and cf. par III.

Comp. and deriv.if

bhdr-kya* partition-

wall C. bar-skdbs space of time, periodTar. bar-skor veranda, exterior gallery

of the middle story of a house. bar-Kan

Sch. a building between two other houses;

Schr. a room between two others. bar-gos

Schr. waist-coat. bdr-Qga some, several;

several times, now ... now . . . Dzl bar-

cod, -cad, perh. also -ycod, sbst. to bar-du

ycod-pa, (\.ycod-pd) hinderance, impediment;

danger; damage, failure, fatal accident; fse-

la bar-cad ^oii, or byuh (my) life is in dan-

ger; lus-kyi, srog-gi bar-cdd-du Ogyur id.;

also: to meet with an accident, to perish,

to be lost Dzl. and elsewh.; *bar-cad-la si*

W., he met with a violent death;bar-cdd

sel-ba to protect against fatal accidents, of

magic spells frq.; nd-la bar-cdd med-parwithout meeting with an accident Mil', bar-

cdd rtsom-pa to meditate evil, to brood

366

~::r;f, ~~';f bab-lIw. {)(j,-IIlQ (1) !.-(l. soU,mild; abo chaste, modesl(<'-or­

rU[lteu from {"if/-mQP)..:::r=l~' bab3 J. sunk, settled, v. /.Kib-pu,; l1U-

ma-Ia 1'luj~bdbs-l'Yi rd= lnJlIg-sierubbing the hre:lSts with a medicine, so thattlley sunk down of Ihemseh'cs, us if theywere full GII'.; bdb3· sa settlement, colony&11. - 2. shape, form, appearance Sdl. ­3. rta-babs \'. l'la, coml).

q;f('J) btim(.pa) 1. rotten, decayed, putrid,1'Q QUill - pa putrid corpse Tat",

bam-rd, id.; provo also corpse in geueml,esp. in connection with sorcery; uum_i!in,iJ.? 'l'/1f;r.- 2. mould, white film on liquius;mouldy, fUsty, musty II'..:::r~''f wm-po I. bundle of wood 01' /{mss

&/1'-., Sd" - t. division, section, ofbooks, (of greater length thaD a chapter);'in metricnl compositions it is said to COID­

prize II number of BOO verses; ylig3-bdmv. glegR; oolll-si,; &/,. board, prob. - glefJ3­Un.~.~t:l.l' bam-ril J. Sell. dull, weak, from

old ugc or long labour, worn out,by much uSlige. - 2. IV. mould.:I", b«r sLst. ((~. 1Ilso bar-rna) 1. inter·~ mediate space, interstice, interva~ 'TI11l«rrn!Ji3-J.yi bar zUIII-gyU> 3bril-ba al,.. Ol'er­bridging the space between the two clistles;3a-bul' straits, narrow sea; cu-Mr isthmus,neck of land; "puI;-gi bar, lIi,j-ltf b«r, 0&Wr· shelf of a repository, cup-board etc.IV.; intermediate, middle, mean, RiM 371lad

00" mWI upper, lower lind middle countrylila.; W,. odi,. here iu the middle countriesall"j bar-wi, id., liS adj. Tar. and elsewh.;btir-gyi 3der-cJg~, in Ird,i. a lizlIrd, as Ull

amphibium partaking of two natures; bd~

na, bar-du, bdr-l« adv. und postp. c. genit.(lind ·acens.), l&m-gyi bUr-na in the middleof the road (there is a well); on the roltd,in or on the way, on the journey Dd.; brag­ba,' bI3;'··ba t{) he squeezed between tworocks Tltg!J.; w-1IIa '[wi ydl-gai bar-Q.lt be­tween lea"es and brollches D:d.; f"g!Jq budbar-Ia o!JrQ.-bai mi people travelling betweenChina and Tibet Glr.; ddi 44r-kJ, de-bur

between Glr.; in the mean time, at the sametime, Gil'.; zla-lJa )'3ulII'1Jyi bdr-dlt (to J!ro­\'irle for a person) for the space of;~ monthsD::l.j ::fl9 b(ll;n~gyi bJr-dft for ~even days(he hild not eaten any tliing) DzI.j flui-C1"/I

byd-bai- sd-ca baNlu OfJOfl he went us faras the COUll'I")' called tUN-("'i'l Glt·.; dd-llaibJ,.-du Gir., da-Is«m-gyi bJl'-du Dzl.; da­bar, Mil. until now, hitherto; de(i) bal~du)

id., when referring to what is past .r untilthenj "bruR-bui our-Q.lt (db-pa 00 {)btain all,e\'en to the fruit (inclusive of the fruit) Dzi.j11m r~ul/l-g!Ji bdr-dll at three (different)tiUles D::! j frl!. with \-erbs: rtU-nlO-ia {tig­yi Wr·du till e\'eu touching the top Dzl.and SCI frq.; reI. tv time gen. with a ne­gative, being then equivalent to as long as,ma (db-pai bd"-tlu as long as it hilS notbeen obtained = until its having been ob­tllined Dzl.; ,i« 11W 8i bdr-du till or up tomy death Mil.; 1/Ia fultb bar-du us long IlS

\\e have not reached, attained GIr.; seldomwithout a negation: 11Iya-,idn-llUJ odu3-fJaibd,.~du Dzl. J..1J, 4 (0..1. c..); bd,.-n«3 lrombetween, rtsib-1'II«i bdr-n«. fronl betweenthe nlos Glr. - 2. fig. bar bJld-pa to inter­pose, intercede, mediate Glr., cf. bar..'mi.-3. Termin. of ba, and cr. par Ill.

Compo and deriv. "MJr-l.,!!a" partition_wall C. ~ !Hu'-3ktiW space of time, periodTar. - b«r-J.:dr "ernndll, exterior galleryof the middle story of a bouse. - bar-/(a'iSeli. 1\ building between two other houses;Sellr. a room between two others. - Qm'-gds&hr. woist-eoat. - btJr-ofJa some, 8eveml;several times, now ... DOW ••• Dzl. - oal'­too, -cad, perIJ. also -r~od, shst. to om--dltri::oll-J!I.1, (v·ri::oll-pa) hinderance, impediment;danger; damage, failure, falal accident; (M­

l« b«I'-eM ~on, or bywi (my) life is in dan­ger; bi&-k!Ji, 3rdfJ-fji o«r-cdd-dft o!JflUr id.;also: to meet with an accident, to perish,to be lost D::l. and elsewh.; "bar-cad-la U'IV, lie !Uet with a \'iolent death; bar-cdd

3t1-ba to protec~ against futul accidents, ofmagic spells frq.; 'id-la bar-cud mid-pal"wilLollt meeting with an accident Mil.; ba/'­;:ad rfsmtt - pa to meditl\t~ to brood

367

bd-mo

mischief Mil.; /mr-'i-iiil ma tsugs-par without

having played me a roguish trick Mil.; also

in a moral sense: temptation; sin, trespass,

/nif-du fcod-pa to commit sin, to trespassMil. *bdr-ta* W. cloth round the loins.

- bai'-std/i Sch. empty space. bdr-</<>

I. also bar-ma-do the intermediate state

between death and re -birth, of a shorter

or longer duration (yet not of more than

40 days, ni f.) ; although on the one hand

it is firmly believed, that the place of re-

birth (whether a man, an animator a god etc.

go forth from it), unalterably depends on

the former course of life, yet in Thgr. the

soul is urged and instructed to proceed at

once into Nirwana to Buddha (inconsistently

with the general dogma), bar-do ycod-paMil. is explained as putting off arid pre-

venting the intermediate state after death,

as well as re-birth, by penitentiary exer-

cises. 2. W.: hard, difficult; difficulty, perh.

Bunan. - - bar-man (seldom bar-snd/i-bd)

atmospherical space; sten-gi bar-sndii-la in

the heavens, in the air, frq.; bar-sndn-la

Opar (a fragment of a blasted rock) flies

up into the air; bar-mdn-du or -la c. genit.,

the common word for over, goi bar-ndn-la,

over (his) head. *bdr-pa* W. the middle

one, e.g. of three brothers. bar-bdr-du

Ma. at intervals, from time to time, now and

then; bar-bdr-la id.; *ma bar-bdr-la*, at long

intervals, seldom W. bar-ma the middle

one of three things Glr. - - bar - mi me-

diator, intercessor, umpire. *bar-fsodf W.

middling, *luti-po bar-fsod* a moderate wind.

-bar-mfsdms, bar- fsdms interval (Sch.:

room; leisure, convenience, comfort?).-

bar-ldg-pa= bar-mi Sch. *bar-lhay* gap,

vacancy, deficiency VT., ^bar-lag kdn-cc* to

fill up a gap or vacancy, to supply a want,

or deficiency.

bar-tiff W. a field or estate let to

a person for the term of his life,

for usufruct.

bal wool, bdl-gyi woolen, bal dan Iddn-

pa woolly Wdn.; bal sed-pa the lir-t

coarse plucking of wool, rmel-ba the second,

of the finer wool, sin-ba the third, of the

finest W.; */,/ tdb-bf to beat w..l H

lug-, i'fi-, rnd-lml >heep-wool, Boat's and

camel's hair; nix, -/W, .s/'/i-W cotton '

xin-bal prob. also the down on willow-blos-

soms Sch.; nrin-bul W<li>.. >>'//</. : ra\\ >ilk,

yet perh. also cotton; cii-bul a kind of mowon stones in brooks ('. bal-nkiid a woolen

thread or yarn, worsted. bal-tkfi- >'//<.:

mould on fermented liquors.-

///-</////<,

Cs. also bdl-f/i/i ijlttii-po-ce, a kind of ele-

phant, for which sometimes incorr. and am-

biguously bd-lan is used, Dzl. and elsewh.

- bal-ter thin woolen cloth < '. ; *bnl- ddb*

W. tuft of wool, as is used for spinning.

bal-j')ruy thick woolen cloth. bal-yds

Sch. wool-card (?)

bdl-]>o, bal(-po}-yul Nepal, frq. de-

signated as rin-po-cei <///, and as

the favourite country of the AT/H, or serpent-

demons; bdl-po-pa, fern, bdl-po-ma, bdl-mo

Glr., a Nepal man or woman; bal-tn//

(-snyins) a Nepal rupee; bal-srdn T<n:,

Nepal pease.

bos 1. v bds-pa. II. instrum. of ba;

bas-blddgs, 'licked by a cow\ n. of a

disease combined with the sensation, a> it

the skin had been licked off by a cow, row-

itch, cow-pox Cs. (?) III. v.jiti*.

\vhere

there is to be added : to say nothing of, much

less, e.g. kron Odom dffu-brgyd-ku bn/i/a ///*

Jn-u mi fub, a well a hundred fathoms

deep cannot be dug, to say nothing of 900

fathoms (much less one of 900 f.) Glr.

bds-pa (rf. I'rrs. , Hind. ^^)pf.

of Inn'-d-pa inst. of, byds-fm in

the signification of 'done (with), settled': Ai>-

par byed-pa, id. Sch.; in Hal. frq.: "/,

byas, bas-se, or also 6yos-fe' t /<w/*iti*tinisliotl.

completed, ready, all right: dcr bus that i-

all of it, nothing more is left Sch. ; in fyyw-

su bds-kyis after having been made, ra

occasioned Mil., it stand- a- a -i-n of the

preterite,similar to n; or like :nd: mi

Y<-><l-gismdn-du ma bds-kyi* noi only for

one man it serves as a medicine Dzl.; bas-

mta border-country Sc/i.

bd*-mo \. hill-in".

mischief Mil.; lxll'-c.id nla {~';9J-pa" withouth""iog (lillyed me u roguish trick Mil.; IIlsoin 1\ morlll sense: tempt.nlioo; sin, trespass,'xi"-du rCdd-pa to commit sin, to trespassAlii. - -bd,'-ta- W: doth round the loins.- ba,·-.tdu &Ii. empty Spl\.CC. - bdr-,IoI. 1\150 /m"-lIla-do the intermediate stAlebctWCCD deuth and re-uirth, of II shorteror longer durntion (yet not of more tbao40 dn.)'s, ni f.); although on the one handit is firmly believed, thnt the plll.CC of reo­birth(whelher ll. mnD, nn animnl,or n god etc.go forth from it), unnlterll.bly depeuds onthe fOrmer eourse of life, }'et in Thgr. thewul is urged nod instructed to proceed III

once into NirwaDl\ to Buddhn(iocoosistcntlywilli the geoernl dogma). bdl'.Jo yCtkI-paMil. is CJCI,lnined as putting oft· lind pre­"eoting the interlllediate stn.te nfter tlenth,as well as re-birth, by peoit.cntinry exer­cises. 2. lV.: hard, difficult; difficulty. - perh.Dunnn. - bar-wdu (lleldom bal'-3nci'i-ba)atmospherical space; 'tbi-gi har-ltldli·/a intho be(wens, in Ihe nir, frq.; &i.-omdn-laopal' (II fragmcnt of l\ blasted rock) lIiellup ioto the niT; oo....'nuu..J" or -Ia c.genil.,the common word for over, goi bar-nd.i-la,ovcr (bis) head. - ·bdr·pa· W: the middleooe, e.g. of three brolhllTS. - bw..bdl'-J"Ma. at intervals, from time to time, now andthen; ba,'-bd,...la id.; ·md bal'-btir-lu", at lon~intervalii, seldom W. - /,dr.lIw the middleone of three things GIl'. - bar. 1IIi me·diator, intercessor, umpirt. - ·bw··{Wd' lV.middling, -ifi,l-po oor'(3tJd*nmodernte wind.- oor-m{3dm.r, bal'-o{,d1lU interval {SeA.:room; leisure, con"enience, comfort~). ­lml'-Idg-pa - ool'-lIli SeA. - -bar-Ma!J· gnp,vacancy, deficiency W:, ·bar-Iag lid/i-a· tofill up a gnp or vnuney, to sUPI,ly II want,or deficieocy..q~:ril=lf bar-lig IV. a field or estate let to

A person for tile term uf his life.for usu(rueL.Qr--!' 001 wool, bdl.!!!/i woolen, bal Jwi lddll­

pa woolly U'tili.; hal IkI.J,a the firstcoarse plucking of wool, rmlil-ba the second,of the lincr wool, ,iir·oo tue third. of 1JJc

367

finest lV.; -bul tdb·l1' to beat wool II~;

1"9·, ra-, rlid·lx,i ~heep-...ool, JCo,,~'. andcltnlel', hlloir; 1'~-lx,/, ii,;_hal cotton ('.;jfli.fJalllrob. Also the down on ..... illoll-bIOl­SOIllS &A.; .,.in-ballVdn.. &Ar.: f'llw"ilk,yet peril, Also eo~wo; cu-bal a kinu of mOIl!OD stoncs in brooks ( ... - bal-d-ud Awoolentbread Or yarn, worsted. bal--t1-y.1 &11.:mould on fermented liquors. - bal.!Jta~,

(.t. IIlso IxU-flyi glwi-po-'lt, .. kiou of ele·1,lulnt, for which sometimes incorr. lind am­

biguously bd.·imi is used, D::I. Aud el..ewb.- bal.-{e,- thin woolen cloth ( ... ; -bul-i1ah·lV. tuft of "001, liS i~ usctl for spiuning._. &il-jwliy thick woolen c1uth. - bal-yd,&/1. wool-card (?).::r-r2f udl-po, hal(-po)-yUl Nepal. frq.lle-

signaled as rill-PO-Cti glill, and ItS

the favourite country of the Kill, or bCrpent·demons; bdl-pO"p<J, fern. bcil-po·'l1a, bdl·"..,Gir., 11 Nepal mau or woman; bal_ll:p'i<. C,(-IlIy,i") l\ NelJ:l.1 rupec; bal· lIl'un Till'.,Nepnl I,enso..::::l~ 00, 1. v bdr-pa. - 11. inSlrum. of ba:

" ba&-blddg3, 'licked by n CO'f\", n. of"disease combined with tile sen~aliOIl, II~ ifthe skin had been licked off by Acow,c'O'll"­itch, cow-pox Cs. (?) - lB. Y. IX"', wherethere is w hc atlded: to say nothing 01, muchleu, e.g. iron odQtII dfllvbl'!/''1'i-ba, lJryyl( !J<l~

b", ",i {uh a well a huodre<1 falholUs. ,d~el' CllDnot be dug, to say nothing of fIOOfl\lhoms (luueh I~s one of 900 f.) GIl'.

.q~=r bdr.po. (d. Pe~., Hind. ,,-:-I) ~.:I'f. uf uyM-JJ(I Inst.. of, b!JIIS-JHI In

the significntioll of 'done (with), setlled'; bM­[HII' byhl-pa, id. &/'.; in Hal. frq.: 0lnu,b!JI.... lKu-u, or Illsa hyds-It ydtritis lini_heel,compll,ted, relld)" 1111 right; ,It'/' lxll th"L isnil of it, Ilolhing more i~ left &!I.; in l'!!yu­,,, bd....J.:y's IlRer IlA\'iug been 1U:ld:, ClIU:ced,

oe('.ll,.llionoo Nil., it stnnds liS II ~lg11 of tilt'preterite, similAr to :1"; or like ;:11</: ".iyN[I'[li 'lIlall-<:lll Jilll Ixi,.~~ 110~ only forone IUtul il ser\'e~ M " medicine IJ:I.; lJa.t..1IIla border.country &1..

.::j~'~ bli,·/lW ,'. b,ib-HW.

368

q* bi bu-ga

q>bi 1. num. figure: 45. : 2. in W! gen. for

byi. 3. fo' and 6m Pw. for fo/a bird,

fowl. hen.

*

B'CWC" bi-gdh, bi-ydn in compounds,hole W. for bu-ga, cf.

big-pa\ bi-gdh-can having holes."

bi-tan, Lh. door, prop. Bunan.

|* bi-nd-ya-ka Ssk., v. %^s.

bi-swa-kar-ma Ssk., lhai bzo-bo

the smith of the gods, the Brah-

man-Buddhist Yulcan DzL, Glr.

^*~*a (>$s. word for poison) n. of cer-

tain medicinal plants, e.g. bi-sa-dkar

Polygonatum, in Lh.

ty -pan Cs. vitriol; Sch. potash, gar-

lie-ashes; mentioned in S.y. as acaustic.

'

big-bi-liy Run. quail.

bid-bid^} Ld, mouth-piece of a haut-

boy, hautboy reed.

bim-pa f^^, f%^, Momordica nio-

nadelpha, a cucurbitaceous plantwith a red fruit Wdn., along with ka-bed;the fashion of Indian poets to compare red

lips with the bimpa fruit, has been adoptedalso by the Tibetans, Gyatch. p. CO; transl.

p. 108; so also Pth.: mcu-sgros bim-pa lid-

bur mdzes (where Sch. gives the signification

of peach, on which the name possibly mayhave been transferred, although 'lips of the

shape of a peach-tree leaf seem to be

rather a strange fancy).

F'R* bir-bir W. crumbs, bits, scraps.

Oirn' brt-ba Ssk. f%^, Hind. bilb} bel,

Aegle marmelos, tree with a nour-

ishing and wholesome fruit; the word seems

to have been transferred also to the cocoa-nut.

bu I. sbst., resp. sras, 1. son, common^

in B. and C.; *ce-bu* W., the eldest son.

2. child, bu btsd-ba the bringing forth

of children, children being born Dzl.\ bu

man-bar Ogyur-ba to get many children;

bu mi fsos- pa not being able to keep a

child alive Dom.\ esp. in reference to the

mother: ma-bu, mother and children; also

transferred on animals: rfa ma brgya bu

brgya a hundred mares with as many foals

DzL; the word is moreover used in manyother instances, e.g. with regard to letters

which in writing are placed under other

letters, in reference to principal beams and

smaller cross-beams, to capital and interest;

also as a friendly address of a teacher to

his hearers Mil. The fern, bu-mo v. below.

Comp. burjfaid (or pu-tri?) a fern, noun

proper. bu-grogs Cs. step-brother, foster-

brother. --bu-rgyud offspring, issue, pro-

geny, generation Tar. 168. 11. -- bu-dod

foster-child, adopted son, iied-kyi bu-dod

mdzod deign to be adopted by us Mil. -

bu-ydun a small cross-beam Mil. bu-ndd

child-bed, bu-ndd log the child-bed termi-

nates unfavourably Pth. bu-snod uterus.

womb Med. bu-po male child, son DzL

bu-prug children. bu-mo, vulg. also

bo-mo 1. daughter, frq. 2. girl, na bu-moi

dus-na yin-te when I was still a girl Glr.

tiyeu dan bu-mo lads and lasses Dzl.\

maiden, virgin; bu-mo ytsdn~ma, ysdr-ma,

ysdr-pa a girl that is still in a virgin state.

3. young woman DzL;W. gen. for bud-

med, frq. bu-smdd, Cs. also bu-mdd fa-

mily, children, nearest relations Mil. and

elsewh. bu-fsd (DzL ed. Sch. also bu-tsd)

1. children's children Thgy.; family= bu-

smdd 2. W., son, gen. for bu; boy, *bu-fsa

dan bo -mo*. -- bu-fsdb Cs. = bu-dod. -

bu-fsds Jbrel-ba Glr. (ace. to the context)

to cohabit. bu-sriii brother and sister.

bu-slob scholar, disciple, follower of a cle-

rical teacher, opp. to nyd-ma hearer, whostill continues in his secular calling. II.

num. figure: 75.

q'OT bu-ga 1. flfj",in compounds bug,

'

hole, opening, orifice, aperture, bd-spui

bu-ga pore, passage of perspiration DzL;

sna-bug nostril; bu-ga dgu(-po) the nine

orifices of the body (eyes, ears, nostrils,

mouth, urethra, anus) ; fsdns-pai bu-ga and

perh. also yid-jug bu-ga Med., appears to

be = mfsog-ma the fontanel or vacancy in

the infant cranium, with which various fables

are connected; cavity, vessel, (anatom.), also

veins Med. - - 2. symbol, num. : 9.

368

::r hi 1. "Uill, figure: 45. '- t. in W: gen. forbyi. - 3. bi and bilt Pur. (or bya bird,

fowl, hen.q~i:.' :!t~i:.' bi-gdli, hi.yu,i ill corn(louDd~

, big, hole w: (or l"i-ga, cf."big-pu; bi-guJi-ca71 htwing holes,

!tJe:.' hi-tail, LI,. door, prop. Hunun.

'to;'t.tfI TJ" m-nri-g«-h, &J.:., v. bgC93.

":r2r"T5.f bi-3Q-a·k«r·11la &k., lhai bz6·bo<l tile smith of the gods, tIle Brah-

man-Buddhist Vulcnn D::l., Gil'.~p.-' bi-i(l (S8l:. word (Ol' poison) n. of~r·

tain medicin:,l plants, e.g. bi-~a-l/kal'

Polygonatulll, ill LIt.~Tq~ ~ig ]0ll1l c.. Yitri~l; &~. potash, gar·

. he-ashes; mentioned III S..'I_ ns ucnust.ic.

~::r~ big-bi-li!J Kun. quail.

'El~'~~' IJltl-bitl(?) IA. mouth-piece of a haut·boy, hauiboy reed.

~'.q' bim-pa~, f~. MOiDOroicn 1110-Dlldelrha, n cucurbitaceous plant

with A red fruit Wd,i., along with kaobcd;the f!\Shion of Indian poets to compare rcdlips wilh the bimpa fruit, has been adopte<lalso by the Tibetans, G!Jatch. p. SS; trnns!.1'.108; so also 1'tll.: ffleu·Il9'W bim.pa lta.Imr1tldzet (w!Lere &h. gives the siguificntionof peach, on which tile Duffie l,ossihl)' muyha\'e bcen trnnsferred, although 'liIls of theshnpe of n peach - tree ICflf' seem tv herather n stmnge fancy).

.q~.~,::,- bil'-bir W crumbs, bits, scraps.

tr..J·~· bil-ba &k f~, 11ind. bilb, bel,Aegle marmelos, tree with a nour­

ishing and wholesome fruit; the word seemsto have been trnusferred also to the cocoa·nut.S' 1m J. sllst., resp. sl'as, I. SGn, common

in lJ. and C.; ·ce-bu· W:, the eldest SOil.

- 2. child, 1m btsa-ba the bringing forthof children, children being born Dd.; bunulti·bm· 09yilr.ba, to get many cLildl'eD;bu mi rsds - pa not, being able to keep (I

child alive Dom.; esp. in l'efercn~ to themother: ma-bu, mother lind children; al80transferred 00 animals: rfa ma blYf11 bIt

bl"fJYu a hnodred mares with as mltoy foalsD::l.; the wonl is moreover used in manyother instnnces, c.g. with regard to letterswhich in writing are placed under otherletters, in reference to principal beams. andsmaller cross.beams; to cnpital Md intel'est;also !IS a friendly address of l\ teacher tohis hearers ;11il.- The feul. bU-1lU) v. below.

Compo bu·ol.'l'id (or pu-tri?) a fem. Doun!,roper. - OO-gI'6yS c,. step-brether, !mer­broll1er, - bll-ryyitd offspring, issue, pro­geay, generatioa Tat·. 168. 11. - 1m - dOdfoster·child, adolltcd SOD, iIld-k!}i bu·dOdm(lzod deign to be adopted by us Mil. ­bu-rdifli ra small crosg.benm ;11i[. -inNlddchild-bed, bll·ndd log the cbild·beil termi·nates un£'lVoumbly ?tIl. - bu-snOd uterus,womb Med. - bu.-IIQ mule child, son D=!.- 1m.-pntfJ children. - !JU-1lU), vulg. also!J6.mo 1. daughter, frq. 2. girl, "a bit-mQi(Ms-na ybl.t/! when I WlU> still a girl Gfl'.- ~!ycI, dan bU·?t#O lails and 11Isses JJ::l.;malden, virgin; uil.·mo j'!sal,-ma, rsar.ma,ysdl'-pa :l girl that is still in a virgin state.3. young woman D::l.; 1v. gen. for bud­mM, frq. - OO.~nl(ill, Q:. also 1m-mad fa·mily, childrcu, DeDrest relations Mil. II.Ildelsewh. - bu·(sa (D::l. ed. Seh. also Im-tsa)l. children's children TllfJ!J.; fllmily - bu­'iliad 2. lV., son, gen. for 00; boy, ·M~(sa

da>i fxj·mo·. - bu-udb (.$. -Im-dod. ­bu~(sli& obrel-ba Glr. (ace. to the context)to cohabit. - lm...grf,i brother and sister. ­btt-slob !!Chola.·, disciple, follower of a de·ricnl teadler, 0PI'. to 'TIya-rna hctlrCr, whostill continues in his secular CIIl1ing. - 11.num. figure: 75..::rQ].lnt·fJa I. f"~, in compounds bug,'...,; hole, opening, orifice, aperture, ba...puiM-yu pore, passnge of perspiration D::l.;sM.Mg nostril; M-ga dfJ't(·po) thll nineorifices of the Lody (eyes, ears, nOSlrils,lllouth, urethra, anus); (sans-paj bU-fJ(t llndpeth. also yid.Jug bU-ya Med., al~lCars tobe ... m(!J()[J-ma the fontanel or vacancy inthe infuntcrnnium, with which vllriousfablesare conneded; cavity, vessel, (anutom.), alsoveins JJtd. - 2. symbol. num.: 9.

bif-i/ii hole, xtjn! key-hole

r bit - stdn name of a learned Lamaand author of cos-byuii, about the

year 1300 Glr., an adherent of the Adi-buddha doctrine, v. Cs. Grant.

g^'fm-rdo Sc/i., idle talk, tittle-tattle.

bu-yuy snow-storm Mil.

r bit -ram Hindi ^ yur, hence W.

*gu-rdm*, raw "sugar, muscovado;treacle, Mil, Lt; bu-rdm sgor-ba to boil

down raw sugar Lea;.', bu-ram-sin, Intr-H/H,

vulg. *(jur-iit* sugar-cane; bu-ram-sin-pa,

^T^I^I, name of the first king of the solar

dynasty in India, Glr.; bu-ram-can, bur-can sugar-beer Lt.', bur-dkdr? Lt. bur-stdn

)</';/ (more correctly Itan) Sch., a bale of

raw sugar packed up in leather.

CJ'Sn*bu-lon (cf. bun) advanced money, debt,*iiul gye bit- Ion mi -la tdn-ce* W.

to lend a person a hundred florins; (bu-lon byed-pa to contract debts Schr., Sch.??)bu-lon Jdl-ba ( W. *cdl-ce*), sprod-pa Sch.

to pay a debt, sel-ba to put out, to cancela debt, ded-pa, bdd-ba to call in, to recovera debt, cdgs-jja prob. the beginning and

running up of debts Dzl.; bu-lon-pa debtor,

bryyai of a hundred rupees.

1" bu-hdg v. sbugs-hdy.

bug-pa 1. sbst. hole, bug-pa Jn'nj-

pa to bore holes Glr., cog. to bit-

2. Sch., to get holes (?).

bug-zol v. sbugs.

ya.

buy-suy Ld. birdsfoot-trefoil. Me-lilotus.

^^n* buit-ba 1. a humming and stinging

insect, bee etc.; buh-lcdy sting, and

also the wound caused by it; *bun-ba a'ty f<t//

son* W. the bee has stung. 2 Cs. a brightblack stone.

bu/is mass, heap, bulk, bu/is-cen a

large heap Lt.' dri-cui bu/is-ce a

great quantity of urine Minj.; bit /'is %'</-

pa to heap one upon another, pile up.-

bun many(?).

gr-bud, every darkening of the air throughdry matter, a cloud of dust, mor

actly fat-bin I; buil-f.-mb di^t from threshing;////</-/;y/.s binli wrapt in vapour Mil.: peril.also snow-storm (sv/i.), yet not exrlui\,

qr-^- bud-dlia^nL, Buddha, n. ofthe founder

^ of the religion which is called after

him, occurring but rarely in Tibetan writings,and among the people (at least in W.) al-

most unknown, v. sans -ryytm ;

bit<l - <l/mi

preh-ba, *bud-<le fd/i-na* rosary T*.

bud-pa 1. Sch. =sbud-pa. 2. pfl

cf. Obud-pa.bud-ini'd /{. and 6'., 1 . woman, bwl-

nu'd sdug-gu a fair woman l):l. ;

bud-med dan sbdys-pa to defile, corrupt

one's self with women Dzl. '2. wife, spouse,

not frq. Dzl. (W. bu-mo and a-ne).

bitd-siti fire-wood, fuel, also dungused as such; bud-slit l>sdg-pa to

cleave or chop wood.

bun 1. = bu-lon Mil., bun fnit lend us!

Mil.; bun btdit-du ma nydn-pas not

willing to lend any thing Mil.: ////</-///

la bun dy6s-na if you want an advance (of

money) Mil. bun-fo, bim-yig 1. debtor's

account - book. 2. bond or obligation, bill

of debt. Imn-bddy I. creditor. 2. money-

changer, banker. biin-yig v. bun-fo. -

2. interest, *bhun kye-pa* to bear interest

C.; bun jdl-ba to pay interest ' >. - 3.

(house) rent Sch.(?) --4. bun -re Sch. a

small matter, cf. ban -bun; bun -bun Sch.

piece-meal, scattered, dispersed. 5. v.

bun-}Ki.bun-l<''i en littn-loh-loH bt/til it

i> whirling up and down, an ex-

pression used of boiling water which con-

tains impurities or extraneous matter; hence

bnn-lnii-tji. xn<i/i-*<ix troubled, iiupurf, sinful

thoughts.

bul>-j><iv. O bub-pa.

bubs = yuy ^ also fun(fTPI Hind.)

1. an entire piece of cloth rolled up;

gos-bubs cotton-cloth Cs. 2. in a general

sense one whole, something entire Sc/t.:

bubs- ril prob. whole, entire, bubs-ril lus S.g.

UK whole body, opp. to separate parts.

24

s-::rr u,-gw hole, 1f!O" kt)'-hole D:l.~

S"~. bK· ,td" name of " karned LamaaDd "othor of ro.-byilli, about lhe

lear 1300 Gir., aD Ildlltfeo\ of tbe Adi­buddha doctrine, \', (,. GNlIII.

~~ /'it-n/o !I_, idle lalk,. tittle-tattle.

:5'~ Im-yJg snow-!Iorm Mil.

.:r~' btl-ram Jlimli ~ !fur, hence IV.-a • .• ".!J'l - rum , raw sligar. muscovado'

treacle, AM., IA. j Qu·/-dlll Mjo,..ba to haiidown raw sugnr Lu.; btl-l'olll--iili bur-ii,;

I • "\11 g. gur.Ji,.- sugar-cane; lm-ram ....iii_pa.~ illUDe of the first king of lhe solArdynllSty in Iodin, Glr.; b~ralll_cUli. iN....toli sugar-beer Lt. ; bul'-fU:dr! Lt. Imr-,tdic1'"'.1 (more correctly llmi) &A., :\ bale ofraw lupr packed up in leather..::r~. W,-fon (cf.lmn) advanced money, debt,~ -"Ilf VY~ 111"'[01' ",i-Ia tdit.-U- lY.to ICDlI a person a hundred florins; (bU­lOll lJ!jid-pa to contract debts &hr., &II.??)oil-101l Jdl-ba (n': -bU-fe-), 'pnxl-pa &t..to pay l\ debt, sel-ba to put ou~ to cancela debt, ded-pa, bdd-ba to call in, to recover:I debt, cdfP- pa prob. the beginning andrunning up of debts D:.:I.j w-fo1l-1Ja deblor,Jiill[ wYJYai of a hundred rupees.

~~ bw-lttifJ v. 1bufP'"'uf!f.

~.::r lNg-pa 1. sbst. hole, w,!TI'" .IM!I-1M to bore bole Gir., eog. to btI­

!la. - 2. &"'J to gee. holes (?).

~f··r bwg-::tU '-. .1M!!'.

.:!:J1'~ bug4l1!J Ld. birdsfool·trefoi~ ,\Ie­'>J -I ~I liIotus.

.QC'.:::r ~u,,;-ba J. A humming nnJ Slinging"" Insect, bee etc.; buil-frog sting, nndlll~o the wound enu!lCtl by it; ·buii-bll Mglal'a(ll'· IV. the bee h1\8 stung. 2 £..i:. Ito brightblack stone.

.QC~' buii$ mass, heap, bulk, lnt..... - un a"" large beap Lt.; dri-o"' lnt,,;,-u agreat quantity of urine M";fJ.i 1M... byhl­po to heap one upon aootber, pile up. _iIflii many (?).

El:;j bwd, nery darkming of lbe air thf'Oll«hdry maUer, • doud of -t, IDOtel:l.

~lIy (~-btJd;bwJ..(.hdow fro. threu.iflt;bi«1-I:YII blab Wf'Ap~ in ""IJOGr Mil.; perh.1'1..0 5/lO'N-storm (&J..), yet Q01 udn..i,el,.~S bitd-dJ.a&k., Bu4dba,II.of\befOQnder

.., of the religion whielt ij ealled~him, occuITingloutf'Arely in Tibetan writing.,And among tile peoplo (atlell.51 in n~) al­most unknown, v. law, - rfJY(j'; bud _ ,li,a;!,It'tl'·bu, ·irHd~/l (d1i-1IU· rosary T,.El':;;.:J· lNd-p,: 1. &fj. - rbim-,Kl. - 2. pf.

cr. .t"'II*pa.a~'~~' uud-wthllJ. MId C., I. Wtman, btu~

"IN rd.g.!JN a fair "'oman lJ:L;bwd-fII/d ua" ,lxi<,p*pa to defile, COfruptone' self .·ith ..om~oD:I.- 2. wife, sptUH,

not frq. »:1. (IV. lni-.o aad ~_).

,s-, .... Md-iiri fire-woo4, fue~ a1"O dungused II'J neh i btiuNiri b«ifI-Jlo to

deave or chop ....ood..a') bu~ 1.,.,. bH·/on Mil., bun (0"; Itfld Ill!

MIl.; bun IKdn·du ma tI!Jdn-pa, lIot\\'illing to leod 110)' thiog .\liI.; J.'yld*rnn_ill bUll d!lQNla if )'01.1 wllnt an adVAnce (ofmoney) Mil. - bUn_(Q, bHIl-y;g I. debtor'saccount· book. 2. bond or obligation, billof debt - fJun-btltJg I. creditor. 2. money·changer, banker. - Wm-yit; '. btI.-(o.­'2. interest, -MIlJe J:}Jl'.,Ju- 10 bear interestr..:; bun. .jfil-ba to pll), iOlerest C.. - 3.(house) rent A.C?) - 4. Inflt-ri &l •small matter, cr. bun * btl... ; btl,. -loinc A.pi~meal, SC1luered, disper--ed. - ~. '1'.

i nlll·I'0'::I1~' '*n-16,,; - h inl.loit-l6tO bytrl it"" is .·llirling 01' alld dO"'n, an n­pre iOIl us~ of boiling water wllich con­tnins illlpuritiell or utraneouslIlaller; htrtcebllll-M,.-yi If,ju'';-$Ii,lroubled, illlpure,siofulthou~hlli.

El~·.q· bub-prj ,.. • bNb*pa.

S~~ bfIbt - !JUY, .1"0 tilll (~ JIlIf4I.)1. lUI elltire piece If dDth rollet:llIll;

got-Wbr eottoo-cloth u. -:!. io • gtMnlI..ell olle w"ole, olODltthillg entire &Ii.;~-,."lprob. whole, clltif\', btJ»-rillu S.,.Jlle _bole bod)" app. WI ~"""k. paru.

"

370

'J" burn-pa bem-po

bum-pa, bottle, flask; the water-flask

of the hukka; bottle-shaped orna-

ments in architecture, e. g. on the ceno-

taphs or Chodten; rdzd-mai earthen-bottle,

pitcher; sel-bum glass-bottle; can-bum beer-

bottle; mcod-bum Cs. vessel used in sacri-

ficing; mc-bum cupping-glass Lt. (cf. pun-

pa}.bur 1- bolt, bar, vertically fastened to

a door etc., fog -bur upper, yog -bur

lower bolt. 2. for bu-rdm. 3. for Jbur.

qr "fr- bur-rtin (or perh. tin) Sch., a kind

of bell or gong in temples.

fbur-tse n. of certain plants in Ld. fy

Run.

v bul W., *bhul, bhifl, bhu and bhn-tog*

C., Med., (the spellings of Campbell,

pen v. bd-mo and of Schl., phuli, have

prob. resulted from a mistake in hearing),

soda, not unfrequently found in Tibet as a

white powder on the ground, and used as

a medicine, as a ferment, as a means for

giving additional flavour to tea, and for

various technical purposes.

bul-po slow, heavy, tardy, $ro bul-te

slow in walking, making but tardy

progress Dzl.\ W.: *c]ul-ce bul-po*.*bul-ha-ri, *bul-gar* W., Russia

leather, jtifts.

bus-pa 1. for byis-pa Lt. -- 2. v.

Jbiid-pa.

^- be, 1. num. figure: 105. -- 2. W. for

bye. 3. for words here not noted refer

to pe.

; be-tfur S.g.f

]* be-ge v. beg-ge.

npSEi- be-con, also -tson, Ssk.jf^f,

1- club,^ with an ornamental knob

, prob.

merely an attribute of gods. 2. n. of a

goddess Thgr.

be-ta a geographical prop, name, prob.= Himalaya, Pth.

\~^'i*S* be-to, be-do, vulg. calf.

be-dha v. be-dha.

T*be-sndbs Cs., thick slime or mucus,

e.g. the mucus flowing at child-

birth from the vagina Lt.

3*n&r be-bum, also beu-bum, writing, scrip-^ture, book Glr., perh. the same word

as the following.

be- bum, are stated to be the sacred

writings of the Bonpos, which -

as our Lama candidly owned 'are also

perused by Buddhists for their edification'.

CT&J" be-mo cow-calf, female calf C.

"v.cs

q'gjT" be-rdzi Nakshatra, v. rgyu-skdr 3.

q-zg-be-za W., from the Hind, c^rr^f, in-

terest, td-ka be-za a double paisa

interest, of 1 rupee,= 4 6 pCt. pro month.

be-rag (spelling?), fillet of thewomenin Ld., ornamented with coloured

stones.

B'OJ'TI* be-le-ka S.g., a kind of surgical in-

' strument.

*

be-log Sch. great-grandfather.

be -sin oak-tree, = ca-ra; be-Krod

oak-forest Wdn.

beg-ge Lt., a disease;Sch. : measles.

xS" beg-tse a hidden shirt of mail.

qR* beh Sch., stick, cudgel, club.

^r- bed, 1. = fee, Re-bed, advantage, profit,

'

gain, high price, fsd-la drug-cu bed yod-

pai skdbs-su at a time when salt was a sixty

times dearer (than barley) Glr.; *bed fob-

ce* W. to gain, to make profit; bed -cod

Mil. is stated to be the same as loiis-spyod',

bed- cod fsod bcdd-de to be temperate, to

keep moderation in the indulgence of the

appetites. 2. interest, C., W.

ben a large pitcher; jug, beer-pot, Glr.;

*cu-bhen*, water-pot, C.

bem-po 1. dead matter, mostly ap-

plied to the body, as opp. to the

soul, rig -pa, e.g. bem rig ^gye-dus when

body and soul are parting, Mil., Thgr. ; lus

bem -rig ynyis-kyi so-mfsdms-su on the

370

~·tr lmm-pa, bottle, flask; the .... ter-f1l1llk..... of the hukka; bottle-shaped orna­ments in architecture, e. g. on tbe ceno­taphs or Chodten; nl=ti-moj earthen-bottle,pitcher; i8.-IJNm j;tlll§-botllej ldJi-W1H beer­bottle; ",lOd·b.1N c.. ,"esse! used io gen­fieing; ~"" cupping-glass IA. (cf. p_,f.",,).~::;;- bur I. bolt, bat, \'ertically f:\Stened to..... a door ete., rOy-bur 1l11)ler, y6tJ-bwrlower boll. - 2. for hu-TYi,,,. - 3. for .bur.

~.t;,~:;. bur-rtiii (or perh: tiit) &h., 11 kind., of bell Of gong In temples.

a~~ blir-tM n. of certain plants in lAL "'­h'IIn.

~~. bul W" -Mill, Myl, bh!t lind M!t-W[fC., Med" (the spellings of Ca.mpbell,

IJ/JIt - v. bd-mo - and of ScM., plIUU, have()rob. rl!sultcu from a mistake in bearing),soda, not unfrequently found in Tibet as awbile po"'dcr on the ground, nnd used asa medicine, as '" (erlDent, lUI a menus forgi"ing IlddiLional IhvollT 10 te~, and forvarious technical pu~.~..r=f bill-po slow, heayY, tardy,.oro b.t-It~ slow in walking, malting but tardyprogrftS D~Lj 11'.: °r/Ul-h britl-po°..::r..r.:;;'£:,' bul-na-"~ °bul_ga? W., Russia"'Q leath~, jufts.::l~.:r b....pa I. for b!JU-pa Lt. - t. 'i'.

"'Q .bild-pa.Et iH!, I. num. figure: 100. - 2. lV. for

bye. - 3. {or v..ords here not Doted refer

'" 1'"~l:" bN'wr S.g.'!

::tar k-fJt v. iH!tj-fle.

q".'l'r bt-hm, also -13QR, &Ie. ~T, l. club,"1 with an· omnmentul Imob. prob.

merely an attribute of gods. - 2. n. of agoddess TllfJr.~'C;' be-ta a gE'ographieal prop. name, prob.

I _ lIilllaln}'s, PtA.

~, ~~ M-to, ~do, vulg. calf.

Ete:, U-dlta Y• •U-dAa.~

~;ll,'.q~ bNno.N Ca., thick slime or 1nltCa,

q e.g. the mucus flowing at child-birth from the vagina Lt.

~a~' bHJlim, also bnl-bi.m, writing, scrip­ture, book Gir.• perh. the SAme 1\'Ortl

as \.be following.

~~;r be-.buM. are mud to be the sacredwritings of \.be Bonpo6, which ­

as our Lama candidly owned - 'are alsoperused by BoddbislS for their edifiCl\tion'.

:r~ bi-mo cow,"II, femile calf C.

-~.:r~' be-rd~i Nakshatra, v.I'!/!/'I-U:dr 3.

::t.=r lJe-::a Jv.. from the lHnd. ~, in-terest, ttl - ~'a bi -;;a a double paisa

interest, of 1 rUllee, - 4 -61)01. pro month.

~'9' iH!'/,Ufj (spelling?), fillet of tl.ewomenin £d., ornamented with coloured

stones.

zrr.:t1TJ' be-k-~·a 8'9" a kind of surgical i~slnlmenL

::t~ bt-IOfJ &11. great-grandfather.

=t1r.:.' iH-ii,; oak-tree, _la_ra; iH!-f:nJd. 1- oak-fo~t W(I,;.

:Frar~ Lt., a diseasej &11.: mCMIes.

--~\i bty-be a hiddeo 5hirl of mail.

~. iH!i &4., stick, cudge~ club.

~. b«J, 1. - Ie. Re-Ml, advantage, profit,gain, IUgh price, fsd-lo. drilg..f:u bed y6d­

pai d:ahs-.u "t a time 'when saiL was a sixtylimes dearer (than baM}') GI,..; 0iH!d fdb­i:~ W: t.o gain, to make profit; lJtd - rodMil. is stated to be the stwle as loitHpydd;lJtd-l'6d (sod btdd-dc to be temperate, tokeel) model'Rtion in the indulgence of theapp~tites. - 2. interest, c., II':2l~ om a large pilcher; jug, beer·pot, Gb·.j

·'Cu-bhln·, Wliter-jKlt, C.~'q bim-po l. dead malltr, mostl}' ap-

plied to the body, as O[lp. to thesoul, ri!J-pa, e.g. iH!Jr1 rig .!J!jl_dUl whenbody and soul are parting, Mil., Thgr.; lUIhtm-ri!J rnyi.-I:yi 10 - mtuiMl - •• on the

bm371

boundary between the physical matter of

the hotly and the soul Mil.] Wan. (272) bem-

! i is perh. a mistake in writing, althoughit also makes sense. 2. /SV7/. a pestilential

disease; in the.\f/>g. bem tol rgydb-pa seems

to denote a surgical operation. 3. some

receptacle, box, bag etc., bdm-pot ndh-nas

yser btoti she took gold out of the . . .?

/ beu Cs. calf.

"

beu-bum v. be-bum, Mil.

beu -rds, in Stg. mentioned as a

material for clothing; Schr.: 'fine

linen', which however is as yet unknownin Tibet.

j^ her 1. cloak, ber-gyi fu-ba tail of the

cloak Glr. ; ber ndy-po a black cloak

Glr. and elsewh.; )ol-ber dress with a train

Wdk.,

Pth ; fsem-ber a cloak patched upof many pieces Pth.; ber-cen gown of a

priest, sacerdotal cloak, without sleeves,

with gos-cen for a collar; ber-ful fur-cloak.

- 2. strength, sharpness, keenness, pungency,of spices, spirits, snuff etc.

;ber-can sharp,

pungent, piquant; *a-rdg-la ber mdn-poyod* the gin is very strong W.' *ber-ra

rag, Ice'i ber-ce mdn-po rag* it bites, burns

my tongue; za-btr Cs. the burning sensa-

tion caused by the stinging of nettles;

cf.

gdr-ba.

a^'TT ber-ka W., btr-ma, ber-lcdg Mil.,

Stick, staff (cf. dbyug-pa) ; spui l'r-

ina cane, bamboo Mil.\ ber-ma Icag )'cig

a simple staff Mil.; Icags-ber iron-bar, crow-

bar; smyug-ber cane, walking-stick.-s

bel Cs. leather bag.

q-r *^' icai-dtir-ya, Ssk., azure stone, lapis

Q, -^ lazuli DzL wai-dur-ya dkar-po and

srion-po, v. table of abbreviations.

wai-ro-tea-na Ssk., Tib.: rnam-

par-snaii-mdzad, 1. n. of the first

Dhyani-Buddha. 2. a Lotsawa v. K<">/>/>.

II., 69.

$^ bo, 1. num. figure: 135. --2. affix, to

designate some words as nouns.

bo-t6g-pa, bo-ldn-ba

Ts., ankle, ankle-bone.

<*.:'n . of a tree, the fruit* of

\\hirl, HI .- imed as beads for rosaries*.

1,0-illti Xs/., wisdom; also n. of the

a Indian fig-tree, ficus religiosa,'

cub-bin; n. of the white narcissus (/>/<.).

'

b6-ba, prob. pf. of Ob6-ba.

bd-mo W. for trii-mo.

bd-lo, ball, for |>laying /A!.

T bog-pa v. Ob6gs-pa.

: bdg-ra Sc/t. roof.

bogs,f

!s., gain, profit advantage:

Od6n-pa Sch. to yield profit; where-

ever I met with the word, it was used onlyin a religious sense: gain for the mind, be-

nefit for the heart, furtherance of devotion

of meditation, Mil.

]* bofi 1. also bo/is, size, dimensions, vol-

ume, bulk, boh-ci', -cen large, bon ce

don can, large of size, and small of signi-

ficance are e. g. the lungs (in as far as

roasted or boiled they yield liitle substan-

tial food) Mil.; lus-bon-ce, -//>, Obri/i big,

little, middling, as to size of body, S.g. ;

bon-fun little in stature; bon-fsdd, bon-(s6d

rdzogs-pa full size, a full-grown body Tlu/y.

2. v. bon-na. 3. also bon-lxt. ( >. : 'ge-

neral name for small stones, pebbles etc.':

in medical works zi/'i-f/i bon-ba are men-

tioned as remedies; in l*1h. the word occurs

in an enumeration of temporal goods, pre-

cluding the above signification. 4. v. bon-

bu. - - 5. provinc. for bait (jlr.

3"boit-Krd tic/t. a species of falcon.

bd/'i-gu v. bdii-bu.

boii-nd, various species of wolf s bane,

aconite, bot't-itkdr, -ndg, -dmar, -9er^

used as medicines, or even as poisons.

box-nag v. the proceeding and the

following article.

bd/'t-bu, Sch. also b6n-boy 1. ass. /*i-

po or po-b6ti he-ass, bdn-mo or mo-

boit she-ass, bon-pnig colt or foal of an

~. "', q 311

bound~r)' betwl!en Lhe Ilhysicftl matter ofthe ltooyllnd the soul MI1.; Was. (272) /M1Il­rtg is peril. II miShI.ke in writinl/:', althoughit also makes sense. - 2. &1,. a pestilentialGist.se; in the M,ig.lH:'Ill toi r,IJ!lrlfr.pfJ seemsto denote II surgiCAl opcl'ntioll. - 3. somereCclltllclc: box, bag etc., WIIl-}»!' mi;l',IU'),¥" btOIl she took gold out of the ...?

~: beu (,'$. calf.~

~.~. btu.f!um v. be-buIII, Mil.

~.~~. heu· I"/i$, in SIO' mentioned as nffil\tcrill.\ for c1othjn~j Schr,: 'fine

linen', Wllich however is ns yet unknownin Tibet.q.::.' btr 1. cloak, bir-f},'1i fu·ba II\i1 of the

clonk Gl,..; her ntiY1JQ a black c1ol\kGl,., nnd elscwh. j .,}<ii.be,. dress with n trainH'lf,(.. , /'til.; ,.em-her n c10nk pntc11ed up

of many pieces ['1/,.; be/'-«n gowli of tl

)lrie.-I, sncerdolnl c1onk, without sleeves,wilh fJOS-lili for a collar; fJer.(U{ fllr-clonk.- 2. strength, sharpness, keenness, pungency,of llpices, spirits, snuff etc.; kl'-can SIUHp,pungent, piquant; ·&-rtig-la bel' llIdn-poyod. tile gin is very strong n~j ·ber-rarag, li:ii w.r-et llItili-po l'af! it bite~, burnsmy tOllgue; za-bb Gil. the burning senst1­tion caused by the stinging of nettles; cr.

9c" ..ba.~~rT]' W.r-ka lr., lHIl'-llIa, kl'-ledg Nil.,

stick, staff (cf. db!pi!J-ptJ)j 8pai bh...mu enne, bnmboo Mil.; kr-lIIa &\19 }'ciy1\ simplc slnff Mil.; li:ags.!Jer iron-bnr, era\\'­hnr; 811l!JU!J-bir CROe, wnlkiug-sticlc.

~..r ~l Ci. leather bag.

q." .z.... 1Mi-d,ir'"!ja, &1.'., azure stone, lapis~..... lazuli D::l. lcai-dii.r-!Ja dkal"JIO tmd

,,;on-po, v. table of I'bhrevintions.:q~t~ tt'oi-ro-t&a-lm &k., Tib.: 1'7IWII-

pa'''$Fluii-md::ml, 1. n. of thc lirstDhynni-Buddhll.. - 2. II. LotsaWIl v. KiiPl"11., 69.:f bo, 1. IlUIU. figure: 135. - 2. affix, t.o

{Iesignnle SOffit" words as lIOuns.

'f?"r<r 'f"ii:.-::r oo-tQg"P", ""./d'.b., T,., ank", apkl••bone.

::r~' bo-Ji Gil.: 'n. of a tree, th fruiu ofwhich are u'led a8 bends for r(limet'.

Zf~· />0 - liM &1:., wisdom; al'O D. of the1 Indian fig-tree, ficu. ~ligi06ll., b!Jw't­

i:ub-ii/;; n. or tlie white narciMltl (/..4.).

=f.::t. Wrba, prob. pf. of .lxJ..JJa.

:q-:--af bO-nlO lV. for M-1tw.

_:q-:--er b6-IQ, ball, for Illnying I..J.

~.:r borJ-pa v. "b&.J'-lKl.

::.Frr'" b&.J-rc/ Sell. roof.

2(~~ botp, (iI., gain, profit, advantage; bDg'odim-pa Sel,. to )'ie1t1 profit; where­

ever I met with the word, it WI'S u~1 onl),in n religious srnse: gain for the mind, be­nefit for the IH~I\rt, furtberance of devotionof meditation, Mil.~. />oil 1. nlso bO,i', size, dimensions, yol-

ume, bulk, bon-'ft, -'fbi Il\rge, />o~ <!edOli Ctui, Inrgc of si:l:e, "lid smllll of signi­ficance lire e. g. the lungs (in as fllr Il8

ronsted or boiled they )'ield liule SUbSl.llll­tinl food) Mil.; bll-bo"-'ll, -cui<, .b.'iA !Jig,little, middling, liS to ~i:l:e of !Jody, 8.g.;/>on-fuii liulein ~Iltture; bo/i-ft.M, />on-faQd_rd::dyl-pa full si:te, II. fu.ll-gro\\'Jl lJody 'I'logy.- 2. v. />o,i-1la. - 3. 11150 [,Oli-ba, 0.: 'ge­ner"l nnme for sffil'l.lI stone~ pe!Jble!l. etc.';in medictll works ziii--gi btJ,;-ba lire men­tioned 11.6 rcmedieG; in PI". the ,\"Ord oc('ursill An enulI1erntion of tempo",,1 goo(h, pre­clUding the ahove signilication. - 4.. v. />oli­bu. - 5. provine. for b,l;' Gll'.

~1=]' !xJ,i-I.'rIi &". It sllCcic~ of lalcon,

::(:"=l'f bQ;'-glt v. bQ;,-f,Il.~

;"~'l::' boli-ilfl, \'l\riou~ !l.pecies of wolfs bane,"'I'" • L.' JL,_ . I. .llcomte, tJ\Nf-(urt,,-, _/ulg, -{ 1IIaI', -~",

used as medicines, or eveu I\S poisons,:(-.~ />o';-IIU, ". the pr~eroing lind tlle

"'-\"1 follo'f\'iug article.?iE:,'.:r bQIi-bu, &11. "I~ lxM..}"o, 1. ass, M.;­..... ~ fa or po~bIJ;. Ile.~lJ, b,M-JIIO or "l~J..lN, liibc-ASli, lxm-iwwg coiL or fOlll of lin~'{;, v, V.-' . .

bod

372

ass; bon-sgdl an ass's load; bon-sbdn dungof an ass

;bon-rdzi keeper or driver of an

ass;dre-bon Cs. 'an ass generating a mule'.

- 2. n. of insects, ryyds-poi bon-bu sugar-

mite, lepisma, Ld. ; boh-ndy (perh. bun-nag)

dung-beetle Lh. 3. Cs. : blockhead, fool.

bod 1. Ssk.^ffe, Tibet, bod-(kyi}yul

id. 2. for bod-pa, bod Ka-cig some Ti-

betans Tar., Kyed bod-mams ye Tibetans.- 3. for bod - skad the Tibetan language,

bod-du bsgyur ^ug I will have it trans-

lated into Tibetan Pth.; bod-skad, in a more

limited sense, also implies the common

language of conversation, opp. to book-

language W.; bod-pa, bdd-(kyi) mi Tibetans,

bod-mo fern.; bod-kyi mi-rigs or mi-bryyud

the people of Tibet, in contradistinction to

other nations, bod- bdns the Tibetan people,

opp. to its ruler.

J* bod-pa 1. v. bod. -- 2. Jbod-pa.

bon (ace. to Schf. ^gf) 1. n. of the

early religion of Tibet, concerning wliich

but very imperfect accounts are existing

(v. Report of the Royal Bavarian Acad.

of Sc., 13. Jan. 1866); so much is certain,

that sorcery was the principal feature of

it. When Buddhism became the religion

of state, the former was considered here-

tical and condernnable,and Via -cos and

bon-cos, or shorter cos and bon, were placedin opposition, as with us Christianity and

paganism; v. Glr. and Mil.', at the present

time, both of them seem to exist peaceablyside by side, and the primitive religion

has not only numerous adherents and con-

vents in C., but manifold traces of it maybe found still in the creed of the Tibetans

of to-day. 2. = bon-po, follower of this

religion.

p\" bor, v. Jbor-ba.

Kr *T' bor ra, a sack of corn, holding aboutS

30 Kal W.

bol, bol-yon 1. the upper part of the

foot %. 2. the leg of a boot W. -

3. clod of earth C. - - 4. v. Jbol.

qOJ'Cn^' bol-gdr= bul-ha-ri.

bol-po v. Jbol-po.

bos, v. Jbod-pa.

q- bya 1. sbst. bird, fowl, hen, cf. the fol-

^lowing articles. (Pur. biu [v. byiu], bi}.

2. vb. fut. root of byed-pa, v. this and

the sbst. byd-ba. 3. *; co-ce* W., to

castrate, to geld.

qvry^- bya-kd-ra-na, ^TT^TW, prop. : ex-

^ planation ,1 . lun - du- ston -pa

prophecy, cf. Burn. I, 54 sequ. 2. in later

times: grammar.

n wm* tya- l-ri Miig., bya

- tri Lt, n. of a^ medicine.

bya-rkdii, 1. a bird's foot. -- 2. n.

of a vein Med. 3. officinal plant,

in Lh. a blue kind of orobanche.

n*2^r' bya-skdd, also bya-sgriins, bya- cos

'

title of a book of satirical fables, in

which birds are introduced speaking.

^'rffi bya-skon fowler's net Lex.

^'^j* bya-skyi Stg. ;Sch. : roof, shelter.

*CT bya-Kdn Cs. bird-cage.

' - T T J 7' . r , .

>S Kyun, /era and Rrun-Kntn,

n*cncn* fy"ffd$t Dzl. and elsewh., a species' of ducks, Sch. : the gray duck.

n'rcnn- bya-dgd gift, present, esp. as a

reward; sbyin-pa to bestow a gift,

frq.; bya-dgdr as a present, fora reward,ster-ba to give.

q'z^ and z&q* bya-rgod and -rgydl bird

of prey B. and col.; bya-

rgod-spos Med., vulgo la-da-ra (v. gla) bya-

ryod-pun-poi ri, Tj^cfi^,vulture -hill, in

Magadha, a preaching-place of Buddha.

|'z3fj" bya-rgyd fowler's net.

n*5jn* bya-sgdb n. of one of the smaller

lobes of the lungs.

J"5^* bya-snyen v. bya-rmyen.

S"5* fya-tri v. bya-kri.

'

bya-fdl Glr. light-gray bird's dung.

372

ass; lJ(Jlj~dl an ass's load; bon-sbd,j dungof an ass; lXJJj-rdzi keeper Or driver of anass; dre-lllhi Ci!. 'an ass generating 0. mule'.- 2. n. of insects, ryj!JUs-poi biJii-bu sugar­mit.e,lepismn., JA.; bOIHl/}g (perh. bwi-ruJf/)dung-beetlc V,. - 3. (,i!.: blockhead, fool.~. 00d 1. &k.~, Tibet, Wxl-(klJi)!Jul

id. 2. for lxXl-pa, lxxl fa·Ng somc Ti­betans Tw·., Ayed OOd,t>11a~IS ye TibetanS.- 3. for bOd _slow) the Tibetan language,bQd-du bsgyUI' Jug 1 will have it trans­lated into Tibetan J'lll.; Md-skad, in a morelimited sense, also implies the commonlanguage of conversation, opp. to book­In.nguuge lV.; bOd-pll, bOd-(k!jf) tIIi Tibetans,lXxl-tIIo fern.; bOd-J..'!Jl· mi-r(qs or mi-bI'Y!J(/(ltbe people of Tibe~ in contru.distinetion tootber nations, bod-/ui,is the Tibetan people,O!lp. to its rulcr.

~'''I' bOd-pa 1. v. lxxl. - 2. = /xJ<}.pa.

~. bon (!\Ce. to Sclll-~) 1. n. of theearlyreligion of'1'ibet, conccming w Ilieh

but very imperfect accounts are existing(v. Heport of the Royal Ba\'llrilln Acad.of Sc., 13. Jun. 186G); so much is certain,tbat sorcery was the principal featnre ofit. Whcn Buddhism become the religionof st.-ltc, the former was considered here­tical and condemnable, and Vw - los (lndlxm-~ or sborter los and bon, were placedin opposition, as witb us c1lristianity llndpuganislIl; v. GIl'. and .Mil.; at the presenttime, both of them sel'ID to exist peaceablyside by side, nDd the primiti\'c religionhas not only numerous adherent.s and Con­vents in C., but manifold ll1\CeS of it maybe found still ill thc creed of the Tilletansof to-day. - 2. "'" b,hrpo, follower of thisreligion.

~. bol', v. "Mr-ba.

~'~ MI" ra, a sack of com, bolding about. 301.'al w: .

q;...r bol, bol- geu; 1. the upper part of thefoot St9' - 2. the leg of a boot Iv. -

3. clod of earth C. - 4. v. /JOl. ..

::f",'l:l"]~ bol-gdl' - bUl-/la-,·i.

$r'f b&-po v. "bOl-po.

:r.::~ 1m, v. "bOd-pll.

~. b!Ja l. sbst. bird, fowl, hen, cf. tile fol-lowing articles. (Pur. biu [v. byiul, hi).

- 2. ,·u. fut. root of byMrpa, v. this anothe sbsL b,ljd-ba. - 3. -ja M-te- n:, tocastrate, to geld.

:t'fTJ'~f' b!Jd-hi-m-1JfI, iilfT~, prop.: ex·~ planation, I. - lu,' - du - ~tOIl-lX1

prophecy, cr. f]urll. J, 54 ,;equ. - 2. in latertimes: grammar.;T'![eo, b!Ja ~ ~ri 1\/'iy., blJu - trl U., n. of a

medlCIDC.S'ml"'"' bya-l'hJli, 1. a bini's fool - 2. n.

·'1'" of a vein A1~d. - 3. officinal JlllInt,in 1.)/. a blne kinll of orobnnebe.S·~~· b!Ju-IIl.:Jd, also b!Ja-8!Jn'ni8, b!Ju-lQs

title of a book of satirical fables, inwuich biros are introduced sp<'l\k.ing.

S'~. b!Ja-sk&n fowler's net Le.r.

3'&' b!Ja-sl.-yi Sty.; &k.: rool, shelter.

S·~· b!Ju-l.'uli Ci. bird-cage.

S'r-:1C', r:1' !:F' bya-A'y(ni, -l.'ru, -1.'1'1111 -~ "",.j"'"' J.:YWj, ~'I'aand Ib·l4)i_l.'rtui.

;r~~ bYll-gdJ Dd. and elsewh., a speciesof ducks, &11.: the gray duck.

~r~~ bya - dyu gifl, present. csp. as l\. reward; sb!Jill-pa to'bestow a gift,

frq.; bya-agdJ' as a pre;ICnt" for II rewarll,sth--ba to give.

S'~ and 5('••1' b!Ja-l'flOd and .rg!Jdl bird~ of prey 8. and coL; b9(/-

I'god-3jXJ8 Med., \'ulgo la-da-I'a (v. fila) bya­l'!Jod-jJiul-poi loi, ~, vulture-hill, inMagndha, a preachlog:"pl!\Cc of Buddha.

.5"~' b!Ja-I'fJ,Ifd lowler's nel

5Sfl' bl/ll-S!idb n. of one of the sm:lllerlobes of tile IUllgs.

,;J'fif-' bya-slly.!ii v. bya-I'"IIIye.i.

~

;I'~' b!Ja-td v. b!Ja-h·(.

,3'.£r"" b!Ja-(ul Gll'. light-gray bird's dung.

bya- <1dl> 1. lit. a bird's wing.

L'. ;i jmrt of the roof or verticil

j -injection of the same, a kind of facade,

Admitting of pictorial decoration Glr.

q*aij* bya- dr4 Seh., a winged diabolical^

creature, harpy.

_,.,. l>y<i-)i<t, (acc. to Lw. corrupted from

^^t) seasoning, condiment, sauce, in

a legend; pro!), also in a gen. sense: meat.

food, byd-naiyo-bydd Lex., byd-na-ma, prob.

id.; fad-ba byii-na-ma zig Kycr-nas bringingsome warm food Mil.

ty&ndff raven, or some similar bird

S.ff. ; bya-nay- rdd -

rje Mil. id., be-

cause the raven is said to reach an ageof a thousand years.

byar*An8ck. (sub. byd-ra} earnest

endeavour.

byd-pa Cs. fowler, bird-catcher.

byd-po 1. cock, the male of the do-

mestic fowl, more definitely : byd(-po)lu B. and col.; byd-po ddt't-po, ynyis-

pa etc., the first, the second cock-crow 6'.

- 2. *byd-po skyd-po* W. sparrow. 3. bya-

po-fat'-fxt' M<'J., a medicinal plant, stoppingthe monthly courses; in Lh. the great bal-

samine, Impatiens Roylei.

9.f.byd-spu, down (feather), byai spu B.

and col.

bya-po, COCk, the male of any bird.

bya-pi*ug 1. a young bird. -- 2. a

young fowl, chicken.

3*n* byd-ba 1. inf. and part. fut. of byhl-

pa, q. v. 2. sbst. deed, action, work,

\vitlmut any reference to time, ojiy-i'ti'ti-

gyi byd- 1m and cos-kyi byd-ba secular and

religious works, frq.; mai byd-ba byed-pato act as a mother, to perform a mother's

part Tar. ; byd-ba zin-pa an action completely

pMt'Gfrtm.; byd-ba man yah Obrds-bu cfn'i-

ba much labour and little fruit, much work

and little profit Tar.\ der rgydl-po dan blon-

po-rn<intx-Li/i byd-ba byuh-ba yin then the

affairs of the kings and their officers, the

concerns of the state and its functionaries,

gained ground; also in an absolute sense

byti-bu = secularly, worldliness, /./,;.// /

In,Y,,I ,-

:/i/<i/i-</i{ ce a resigning of worldlythings is fraught with irn-at Ijletwing .\:

byn-byi'il tin- doing, doings: ////</-A

/,-,/ /////>/;.

Im_;/// ,yi/thi-iln -, the doing little brings

great l>lr>sing, and so in a similar munm-r:

l>>l<i-r<li/ti by.'tl-i-iiyn inn mail jnj do not give

way to a bustling disposition Mil., i.e. donot permit your contemplative fetate to be

interrupted by a distracting activity of yourmind; bstdn-pa-la (or A*/ //-///, byti-lm

l>ij(tx-p<ti lo-ryyits an account of what has

been done for the spread of the doi'tiin.-

'I in-.: byd-lm dnit Jin'1-l'n M-.-IM- to be a

grammatical term relating to the v-rb.

*

bya-bdii v. bya-trdn.

l* bya-bdlMi. down (feathers): Li. U 1 ?

bya-brdl-pa one free horn business,

one that has renounced all worldly

employment, an ascetic, Ld.-Glr.

^"&T byd-ma a female bird, hen, brood-hen.

^r&J"' byd-ma-i'ta courier, estafet.

tya- ma - bum a tea-pot shaped

vessel used in sacrificing.

bya-ma-byar-skyt'nj^ dan-

delion, Taraxacum 1J.

'^"S' tya-ma-byi S.g. ;Sc/i. flying squirrel.

fywu'-W' s ''f'- butterfly, j'yf-

ma-leb.

byd-mo 1. the female of any kind of

birds. 2. hen, female fowl, also in

conjunction with >nfsd-ln. cf. &yet-po(?).

bya- I'tnydii -ba N<7/.. liya-rniyfii

(another reading snye/i) l>ynl-j>a.

to yawn Mil.

q'S|^" bya-ilmdr flamingo >''//.

*<3" bya-fsdi'i bird's nest

bya-t^-ri,, Mi. the white crane.

bya-fay* a flight of birds.

lya-i-iki one attending to poultry.

8i3

-:::r bya••,/db I. lit. a bird's wing. ­i'i :!.:\ IlArl of die roof or \"ertic.1

IlrojecUoD of the »II.IUe, • kind of £.....l1e.admittinlt of pictori.l df'CO....tion Gv.5"~' b,a_.l/ri ".,:l winged ai"bolital

('re-tufe, harpy..:r", o,(Httl (ate. t.o J..il. corrupted from.... ....-.i) stasoning. eondimenl sauce. inn It'gend; prob. nlia in. gen, seDse: me.~

food, 1-yU'Hai~J Lu., byti..ftll-lJIl" prob.id.; (~;..oo b,yri.HU-mt1 :if!,y...na.lnillgingSOlne "'arm rood .Vit.

cr1' b!la-ntiy faVtfl, or so~le ~i.mi~"r birdS.y.; byaoflag-rdd'Qt .If.t. nJ., lJe·

clUIse the raven is s:lid to rench no Ilgt!of '" thousnnd }'enrll.

,:J',-,,,,' byn-'lui,1I &/1. (sub. by(i,"(t) earnest.,J -\ I endeavour.

.:f' by/i-PII C•. lowler, bird·calcher.

'f 0/d-]HJ l. cock, the male of the dG-mtlltie fowl, mOfe definitely: b!lli(-po)

m(MJ-/,. 8. nnd col.; blJd-po dd,;-pD, "'!fi'­INI ctt'., Ihe fint, the second cock~row C- 'I.. ·0!Jd-po tlyd-po· n: sparrow. - 3. bya.pfJ-.W ,1/td_. a mediciDl\1 pllUlt, SWPl'iligtile lDODtbly COlIl'lieSj in 1..,J,. tbe great bal·samiDe, Impatiens Roylei.~ byd..-pN, down (feAther), byai tp'Il IJ.~ and eel.

2f l!ya-/io, cock. the male of any bird.

;Ff byo./;"'g 1. a young bird. - 2. a~ young fowl, chicken.

.::::r byfi.ba I, info and pML fut. of b!jlJ-pa, q. 1(, - 2. sbit, deed, action, work,

without (l.IIY reference to time, Jiy.rt~.

9.yi blj<i.~. RDd '&It-~yi b.yd..JxJ sceular I!.udreligious works, frq,; "lui byd-ba byIJ.J!o.to act IU l\ motller, to perform a mother'spart 'l'ar. ;b!Jd.fw. ::{n.pa an Action completelypnst G,'awl.; byd-bu 7IIwi yo" obrut-bu 1,i,i·ba muclL labour lind little (rllil, much ,,'orkRlid liule ['ro6t Tar.; (I" rgytil-po cia'; blO,l­pcM'"AaJHHyi byd-bo. byMit-ba yile then lbeaffairs of lbe kings and tbt'ir o((icer.., tbeconcerlls of tbe state and ilb fllOclionarics,pined ground; .Iso ill. an ~ue. sensc

byd-ba - secularity, wortdI"-, 6yU~ bid...&1 Jig Ty!JUa-IIN 1, • ruiR"i og of ..u,rldl,..tllingl ii fJ'llugllt ....itla ~.l 1.1t: .iog .lfJ.:b!j(.-bynl tile doing, doing.: ",".~ .pi.­1M j~ rrJ!JUff-01Il & the doing litue I,naggn-at b~ing, and to in. imilar III:UII)l'::r:b!Jti·rrJ!JN byIJ'""!IY" Ma _. Jig do DOl gifewa)' 10 a bustling di~positioo Mil., i.e. donot pennil )'our com.emplauno MaUl to beioterrujlted by;'l. di!tracting I'cti "it,.. of YOllrmind: IAtdA_/IQ_ro (or b.fJi,.-/_) "1d.b4b!Jtil-pai w.."yW~ an aceoullt of 11\ lI.t b~~

been done (or tbe l>p~lId of ti,e d~tr;of!

'litr,; b!fii-lxl !fill, obr/l..ba loftlU~ to !It' agrl\mrnftticnl term relating to tile nrb.

'.qt:.' b!Jll-bU,,; \', b!Ja-wuti.

S·,q':.f b!Ja·bU,I.'v.:It. down(fl.'l\thcl"ll); 1.t.121?

a·.:::r~·:r b!Jfl-bl"dl.pfl one free fronl bu~jlK'''s.

.... one thnt ha~ fl.'1l01lllCCtlan worMI,..emploJIllcnt, an ascetic, JAI,·Olr.

~';r byd-ma a female bird. hen. breod-btn.

';ri' byti-JHa-rta courier, estafet.

,;r~ 6tfa. WI(I· bim " tea-pot sbaped~ vesscl used in ~rifi(';nlt,

"1 -~ bya.ww.-byw-tkyUS(?) dan­:91 ddion. Taru&<'um fA..

~

'e.f bya_a.hyi S.g; 1..1Iying sqlllin'd.

o/~.::r bya-nio.-J;l, &It, butterfly. -1:""­ma-lilo.

6f "yti-.w 1. the femafe of AOy kind ofbirds. - 2, hen, fttna'e lowl, .lfO io

conjnllclion "ilh "l(wi-lll, d. byti-}JO(?),S,!.,:::.q· b!JtI. rN.,dil.lm . 4., bya .,.",,;;,

;;; (anotber reading -!If;') h!Jl'c'.l't1,to yawn Jlil,

'~;f.::: bya-fllllti,' flamingo ScI"

~r~: b!Ja--(w,. birO nell

';s-~. 6,0.-(_;;' &1.. the whHe crane.

.~~ bya-(KKp a flight of birds.

st bya..ro.:i OM attending to poultry.

374

bya-wdn *s byan-rdo

-nrr- bya-wdn S.g.; Sck,: night-hawk, goat-^

sucker, caprimulgus; bat.

*bya-bzon* Bal. egg.

of-zk crest, tuft (of feathers) of birds

bya-^ug prob. owl; /Sc'/i. quail (?).

n'X* byd-raCs.: 'heed, care, caution'. This^ word belonging to the language of the

people and to later literature, is not so muchan abstract, as a concrete noun, signifying

a watchman, superintendent (chiefly by day,cf. mel-fse night-watch); it denotes more

particularly that individual of a community,who has to see to it, that the compulsory

post-office duties be punctually performed,and that messages from the lord or ma-

gistrate of the place be duly dispatchedand forwarded to their place of destination

;

in a more gen. sense byd-ra byed-pa Glr.,

*co-ce* W., yton-ba Mil c. la, to give heed,

to pay attention, to look sharp, not to lose

sight of; also, to be on one's guard against,

to take a thing seriously, e.g. ndd-la a disease

Lt'j *)d-ra l-mig* (prop, yid-mig} *o>*, paystrict attention! W.

n*2fcnw

bya-rog crow, raven, mentioned in

' S. 0. as an inveterate enemy of the

-pa (owl).

bya-lds, labour, work, zin-pa-med-

pai bya-lds endless labours Mil.

byd-lo-pa 1. v. lo. 2.Sch. 'keeping

poultry '(?).

bya-so-ma Ts,Ld. bat.

S'

a) 1. Cs. pliancy, nimble-

ness, agility of body; byag-mKan

rope-dancer Lex. -- 2. sometimes erron.

for jag and jdg-pa.

n^j byan 1. north; byan-pyogs and prob.** also bydit-Ka Mil. id.; bydn-gi, byan-

pyogs-kyi northern; byan-nos north side,

northern brow or slope of a hill; also n.

pr., Glr.; byan -fan n.pr. the heaths or

steppes in northern Tibet, more esp. those

bordering in the west on Ld. 2. northern

country, coinciding with byan-fdn: bydn-la

6cw<7-</ohewas banished tothenorth country

Glr. ; bydn-pa a man from Jan-fan 3. the

significations oibyaii-snyom-paSch. to tailor,

to cut to a proper shape, and of several

other compounds, require a different ety-

mology yet unknown. 4. for bydn-bu.

__.-_.byait-rkydii trowsers, small-clothes,^

J breeches Mil

byan-K6g 1 . the inside of the body,

byan-Kog -stod the upper part of

the body, cavity of the chest, byah-Kog-smdd lower part of the belly, abdomen,

bowels S.c/.; *jan-K6g-la zug rag* I feel a

pain in my bowels W. 2. rump; opp. to

yan-ldg limbs Lt.

*ZT' bydn-ga Lt. ?

~ S9ra~ m

northern continent of the an-

cient geography of India, v. glin.

_.__ . byan-cub, ^|f%j, prop, wisdom;* ^ with the Buddhists the highest per-

fection and holiness, such as every Bud-

dhist desires to obtain, which however to

its full extent only the real Buddha him-

self possesses, y. Kopp. I, 425, 435; byan-

cub-mcog id., frq.; byan-cub-mcoy-tu sems

(or resp. fugs)skyed-pa to create the thought

of such holiness, to direct the mind to it

Dzl., Glr.] byan-cub Odod-pa to aim at it,

to be anxious to obtain it Dzl.; len-pa to

attain it; byan-cub -sems the mind intent

on and suited for it, universal charity;

snyin-rje-byan-cub-sems-kyis kun blafi-nas

submitting to every thing with a loving

and charitable mind; byan-cub-sems-dpa,

ehf^rcn^ frq. with the addition of scms-

dpa-cen-po the saint that has attained the

highest station next to Buddha, merely for

the welfare ofmen still tarrying in this world,

designated Buddha, as it were; Kop. 1,422;

byan-cub-sems-ma fern, of it Thgr.$ byan-

cub-sin, ftrtq"5f, the bodhi-tree, holy fig-

tree, ficus religiosa (not indica), emblem

of mercy; byan-cub-snyin-po ^|"f\j*{ij^, n.

pr.=

rdo-rje-ydan.

__.^ byan- rdo Cs. monument, prop, in-

^'

scription-stone.

:r'tic: bya-Ieail 8'9:; Sen.: night.hawk, goat­sucker, cupnmulgus; bat.

S·~~· -oya-bMn- Bal. egg.

srJil· bya_::e crest, tuft (offeathcrs) of birdsSe!l.

3"~::tt" bya.~ug prob. owl; &'!l. quail(?),

;I'':;: bytl-raC8.: 'heed, care, cltution', Thisword belonging to the Inngungc of the

pcoille and to later literuture, is Iiot so much11I1 abstract, as a con:::rete noull, signifyinga watchman, superintendent (chiefly by day,cf. mn-fse night-watch); it denotes moreparticularly tuat individuaJ of a community,who !las to Soo to it, that the compulsorypost-office duties be puuctUll.lIy performed,and that messnges from the lord or rua·gist.ratc of tIle place be duly dispalclleJlliid forwarded to their place of destination;in II more gen. &elIse bytl.ra b!Jid-pa Glr.,-(($.&- W, 1101i~a Mil. c, lu, to give heed,to pay attention, to look sharp, not to Josesight of; also, to be on one's guard against,to take a thing seriously, e.g, mifl-ln II Ji",ellseLt,; '~.)d.-l'U ;-m~q" (prop. !lid-mig) -l'O-, parstrict attention! lV.

3·~.::t]' bya-rOfl crow, raven, menlioned inS.O, n.s lUI inveterate enemy of the

~1I9-pa (owl),;rr..l~f bya-las, labour, work, dn-p4-IIlM~

pai b,lja-Ids enJlcss labours Mil.

S'af.:.r bya-lrrprt I. y, [0, - 2,&/1. 'keepingpoultry'(?).

~

:r~.;r byu-w-rnu 1i, lA, bal

3'"tff(-'l") bytlg(.pa) I. u. pliancy, nimble-ness, agility of body; bya[J-mfan

rope-dancer Le.;:. - 2, sometimes erron.for ja!f and Jdg-pa,

;l~' bY(IIj 1. north; b//a/j.p!ldf!s and (lrob,also bytlli-Ila Nil, id.; byali-vi, oya/j.

pyogs.kyi northern; b!lali-MfJ north side,northenl brow or slope of a. hill; also u.pr., Glr.; "!la,j - fa/j n. pI', the heaths orsteppes in northllrn Tibet, more esp. thosebordering in th~ west on TAl. - 2. northerncountry, coinciding with b9/l1i-0,11; b,Ij(/ti-l<t

bcufHl<lhewl\S bnnislted tothenorth countryGlr.; b!lali-pa a man from JU/j-fdii - 3. thesignifications ofb!lail-snyom-pa&lt, to tailor,to cut 10 a proper shape, and of severalother compounds, require a dilIel'ellt ety­mologr ret unknown. - 4., for bydll-lm,

S~·m~· byUli-"kytlli Irowsers, small-clolhes,:.:J breeches Mil.

s~:Ff.::t]· bym)-It6g 1, the inside of the body,byail-fOfJ-std<1 the upper part of

the hody, cavit), of the chest, oyail.fog­smad lower part of the belly, abdomen,bowels S.g.; *juli-lMg-la zug I'a!!' I feel II

pain in my bowels W: - 2, rump; 0IIP, toyal~-{d.g limbs I.t.

~F::tt" byail-gu fA,"

~'~.;rf1~' bywj. $f/ra - ,1TIi - m!lan tile'9 northern contment of the an-

cill"t geography of India, Y. giin,Sl""~' byan. cub, If'IftI, prop, wisdom;

.... with the Buddhists the highest per·fection and holiness, such as e\'crr Bud­dhist desires to obtllin, which however 10its full extent onlr the renl Buddha him­self possesses, ~-. KJpp. I, 425, 435; b,/lUli­lful"..meog id" frq.; b!Jait.eub-·mU,!J-tu SCfI1.8

(or resp. fugs)skyld-pa to create the thoughtof such holiness, to direct the mind to itD::l., Gir.; "!lali-rob od6d.pa to aim fit it,to be allxious t.o obtain it D:::l,; Mll-pa toattnin it; b!laii.'Cub.sems the mind intelltou and suited for it, unil'ersnl charit)·;sll!Jiil-l)e..!.J1/ati-Cub-fJt?ll.8-kyis l."ItJI Nail-nassubmitting to ever)' thing with 1\ 101'iogand chant.nble mind; byan-eub.sbns-t.lpa,~, frq. with the addition of sems·(/pu.cen~po tbe saint that bas ntta.int'd thebighest station next to Buddha, merely forthewelfare ofmen still tarrying iu this world,designated Buddlla, as it were; }lop. I,4Z2;b!Jait-eub·sems-ma fern, of it 'l'hfJr,; b!lati.bW-~in, f~. the bodhi-tret', holr tig­tree, ticus religiosn (not indica), emblemof merey; byait-cu1J..snyT,i-po~, n,pro _ rdo-I')e-rdall,:l~'¥ bywj - ,'(10 (;S, monument, prop, in­;i *\ jscription-stone.

375

r.T-:-

A//''"-/'" 1 v - byaii. 2. S.y. f

l>a-xrin Sr/i.: mi insect.

fy/"''-''"> I'f-f Obydit-b<i <|. v.;

NV///.S a pure, holy mind ,J///.,

.sW/. 'to allure, entice, seduce': the** sig-nifications are, however, not Miflidmt to

explain: ln/un- mni /,,/,'-/,<), (or -/"//)

In/nil /*//</ /././.. and: tu''Hi*-la rnii //////

-^'^" bydii-bu, ^'*T bydfi-ma 1 . inscrip-

tion, direction, label. 2. the tablet on which

an inscription is written, zdns-kyi bydii-lm-

la (to write) on a copper plate or tablet

f///. ; yig-bydn, Ica-bydh, resp. zal-byan,-

bydn-bu \; BffO-bydn inscription pver a door,

diir-bydn on a sepulchre; rtags-bydn n

mark on a thing C/s.; brjed-bydn list of

marked luggage; min-bydn, resp. mtsan-

bydft list of names /%.; soy

-fy/a/i cards

.; byan-rdo a stone monument.

-

fy/ad I. 1. Cs. proportion, symmetry,

beauty, dpe-byadDzl, id.; byad- can

well-proportioned, fair, beautiful; byad-med

the contrary 6s. 2. face, countenance Lex.-

byad spus Kens-pa a hairy face Glr. ; bydd-

ktji bkrags Thgy., mdans Lk, brightness,

radiancy, beautiful complexion; byad-bzinface

Dzl^ip^Lex. ; byad-yzugs. Sch. : stature,

prob. more correctly: countenance and bodyDzl. and elsewh.

II. (Cs. also bydd-ma) 1. enemy. 2. a

wicked demon, bydd-ma rme-sa-can Wdit.- 3. also byad-stem(s\ S. 0. and elsewh.,

imprecation, malediction, combined with sor-

cery, the name of an enemy being written

on a slip of paper and hid in the ground,under various conjurations; yzdn-gyi byad,

pd-rol-poibyad-stems a malediction practised

by another; bi/dd-dn or stems -su jug -pa,prob. to curse a person with conjurations.

III. in compounds, yo-bydd, ca-byddq.v.

- - IV. frq. for byed.

byan 1. Ld. frq. for byd-na, *)an co-

Afan, jdn-ma*cook. 2. v. the following.

bydn-poCs. married man; Sch. : a

free man, one divorced from his

wife; byan-mo Cs. wife, spouse; Mi..: 1. a

divorced woman. 2. a whore. Only tin-

latter signification seems to beknown amongthe common people, e.g. *a-pe jdn-mo*,as a vulgar abusive term; byan-fsud-pa

7 J - * clean, cleanse, wash,

Wipe, naii faiitx-i-i'nl-ta t<> cl.-aii tin-

whole house Doinaii. -- '2. to take up. to

gather with both hands, e.g. barley <.'.; /////*-

c^v/ <SV/t. instrument for cleaning, bru-h:

byabs-Krus 8c/i. shower-buth.

bydms-iKi 1. kindness, love, affec-

tion, bydmx-xeiiw id. 2. kind, IflV-

ing, affectionate, used of the love of parent*to their children, of the beneficent to the

needy, but not in the contrary order, nor

of love to inanimate objects; bydinx-imi tin-

ne-Qdzin the meditation of love, compassion,

frq.; mi kun-la bydms-Un being kind to-

wards every body; bydnis-pai jnyen kind,

affectionate relations, frq ; bydms^pa man-

na when I have many well-wishers, patrons

Dom.', bydms-pa as a n. pr.,also bydlM-p*

mgon-po Maitreya. the Buddha of the future

period of the world, who at present is en-

throned in the Galdan heaven, and who is

frequently represented in pictures, v. A'"//>. ;

hi/atns-bziigs sitting like Maitreya, i.e. after

European fashion on a chair, \\ith ln> If^r-

hanging down, opp. to fub-bzuys, like Sa-

kyathubpa; yet he is by no means uniformly

represented in that posture.

btjar, supine of bycd-pa; byar-med 1.

prop.: non faciendum, not to be done.

2. sbst. inactivity, inaction in the speci-

fically Buddhist sense, apathy, indifference.

byar-mt'il-k-yi itdit-la yuan-par i/yi* T/igr.

-_... byds-pa, pf.of fy/<W-/i : bydt-na "si

//.s\ 'tin j<c<ri* yafter a pnM-nl-

ing prohibitive ma byed also to be rendered

by else; as sbst. I. 'factor '. '.'. \fwtn*: b;i<',i-

l>a bi/ds-jxi a doer of deeds, as the first

grade of holiness; byds-pa M-/a, y:6-ba

>>//. to keep in mind a thing done, to re-

quite, to reward : bya*-cos Mil., also known

in '., seems to be a notion akin to our

conscience. *)/>-<" c//J-y>, Mm-pa* i".,

A-* id.

~-=J' by,i,i-pl: J. 'I. hylui. - 2. S{/.r b.va,;-.... pa-3d/l &11.: nn insect.

~:.:::r b!Jliti-b«, pL of /'.lJ<lit-IHl (p.; byUlj­;) 3,1/113 a pure, holy mind .Ilit., prob.- Qyo,;-'Cub-3h!IJl.

~'.::J' b!Ju,i-hu. ~-~. b!JiI,i-ma 1. inscrip­

tion, direction, label. - 2. the tablet on whichan inscription is written, Z,i';3-J"f/i Q!JiliI-hll­fa (to "I'rite) on ll. copper pbtc or w.blctGlr.; yig-b!Jli/i, l'a-b!luti, resp. zal-h!Jati, ...b!Jdll-b1l 1; 3f)Q-b!JliIl inscription ~lVer II door,d'ir - b!Ju,; 011 a sepulchre; "la98 - h!JIi'i amurk on n tiling G.; htjtd-h!Jdit list ofmarked luggage; 7Ili,j-h!JiliI., resf'. 1Il(~1.11I­

h!Jdti list of names Pth.; 'Of!- bydil. ennis&1,.; hya,i-l'Ild 1I sklne monument.

SO:;; b!Jad I. 1. C4. proportion, symmetry,beauty, dpc-b!Jud D:::l., id.; h.ydd-ron

\"cl\-proportioned, fllir, benutiful; h!Jod-1I1bltile contrary C,. - 2. face, countenance Lu.;b!Jlld 3JnUl J!eri3-p{l n hairy face Glr.; byud­1yi bl.,,·afJ3 ThfllJ., 1/II1«1i3 lA., brightocss,radiancy, benutiful complexion; b!Jad-M:inface Dd., '5"liJLu. j b!Jad-r::ufJ!, &It. :sl.flture,prob. more correctly: countenlUlccand bodyDzl. nod elsewh. -

II. (C'". also b!Jrid-ma) I. enemy. - ~. awicked demon, b!Jild-lIla rme-sa-can WiU.- 3. also b!Jad-fJtrlll(3), S. O. and elsev.·h.,imprecation, malediction, combined with sor­cery, tile name of an enemy being written011 n slip of paller and hid in the ground,under \'arious conjumtioos; r?uhl-yy; b!f<ul,lid-rol-po;b!Jtul-3tem3nmn lediction pmctisedby another; Qy,id-du or Stb1l3-3ft )ug-pu,prob. to curse fl person with conjumtiou$.

11J. in compounds, yo-bfj<id, ca - byudq. \'. - IV. frq. for hytil.S~· b!lfln 1. Ld. frq. for b!lu,"«, -';an 00­

J!a71,)illl o 7lla·cook.- 2. v. the followiug.

S~'=f b!Jan- po (,s. married man j &h.: l\

free lnlln, olle divol'ced from hiswife; b!Jall-mo (,il. wife, spouse; Sci:.: ). adivorced woman. - 2. a whore. Only tllislattcrsignification seems to bekllo'lll"ll aLDongthe common people, e.g. ·o-~ jdll-mo·,as a yulgnr nbusi"e tcrm; b!Jan - (SI""altf

~7!J

.';I,...J•• 'to "lIure, entice., !>educe'; t11e$f' -'II'_nifiClltions lire, ho....·e~er, not .uflicient 10explain: b!Jilft.nllH. by;-/x)r (or -I>11f') "'~

Qg/JII {3IUI La., lind: .eN's-la ra" "!Jfl1l (,,,d.Mil.s.:::r:r bgulr-Jla J. to cleln, cleanse, wuk,

wipe, nail (mlls_M,I~la to clean thewllOle house Dolnail. - 2. to tlke up, 10gather with both hands, e.g. baric)' C.; b!fJ~

ztl:l &11. in~trnment for clenning, bru~ll;

byabs-(:n.13 &1" sho\l\"cr-bMIL.s~~r.::.r Qyilm3-/HI 1. kindness, love, .ffec-

tion, b9d"I3-_'" id. - 2. kind, lov­ing. affectionate, used of the 10\'e of p-reut!lto their children, of the beoeficent to theneedy, but not in the contrary order, ourof !o\'e to inanimate objects; b!JdnlJ-1Ji1i til<­

'it-"d::in the meditntion of love, compaS>lion,frq.; lIli kim-Ia Q!fdllUl-iili being kind to­wards e\'cry bod}'; b!f(;'IIJ~Jllli )'n!jtft kind,nffeclionate relntions, frq ; lnJuwwoJla 7I.l<iti_na when I h:\\'e many well-wishers, patronsnom.; bYlhm-Jla l\$ a n'llr., also Q!JUrI"-1'1Im[JJll-po Maitreya, the Duudh3 of the futureI,eriod of the world, WIIO at present is en­throned in the Glddn.n helwen, and who isfrequently rellresclltel! in picture,., Y. Kiitll";b!JaIl134if:/itp sitting like Maitreya, i.e. af~r

EurollCan fllShion on l\ du\ir, with his legshll.nging down, opp. kI (lIb..//f:ufjS, like Sli­ky:\tbubl)ll.; yet he is by no nlUDS uniformlyrepresented in thnt po~lllre.s- byar, supine of hyM-II(J; b!JIlNtlid 1.

..... I'I'0P': mm {annulum, not to be done.- 2. sb~t. inactivity, inl\Ction in tile ~pe~i~

lic:llly Buddhist &efli>e, apathy, indifference,b!Jal'-mid-1yi H,M-/fl )'I"i3-11II/' !lY'" TI.yr.~~=J' bSds-pa, pf. of b!l<i-//(t; ~i"'J<1 ',i0' J«uis', 'sillj«trii, after a pre-ce,l­ing prohibiti"e ftll.l b!Jtll also to ue renderedby else; IIISlibst. I. 'illl:tor'. 2. 'i«l:tus': ~l_pa b.'Jd3-p« a doer of deeds, liS the Iirstgmde of holiness; by,is-pll V'_I'II, rz6-lm&1,. to keel' in lUind " thinlot done, to re­quite, to re't\"IIIll; bY«JI-eo. MI1., also l.;no.nin C:, scelll$ tu be a notion akin to ourconscience, ,M-cd :ci"-IXJ, tUIIl--"l'a· c., j.V­I'· 'u'I rO

376

byin

^- byi 1. 6r/r., PA., fry/ byed-pa to commit^

adultery or rape of females, %*-tmZpunish-ment for it. 2. v. byi-ba. 3. Pur. *bi*

bird, cf. frym.

J'^'P]") byi-tdn(-ga) a medicine J/<?d

q-n^- byi-fur or dw, 1. n. of an animal,^ NS inhabiting caves S.g.', byi-dur-maSik. porcupine. 2. spine of a porcupineor a hedgehog Sch.

'** byi-dar a kind of silk stuff? Wdk.

\* byi-dur v. byi-fur.

byi-dor the wiping, cleaning; pyag-bddr zes-pa byi-dor-gyi las dei min

the wotdpyag-bddr denotes the act of clean-

ing Lea;.; commonly byi-dor byed-pa e.g.

ynds- su to clean, to sweep a place Dzl.

;

spiritually; to cleanse one's thoughts Mil.;

byi-bddr byed-pa Dzl. to dress, trim, decorate

one's self, to make one's self smart.

B*f' tyi-po Sch. bosom. 2. W. male-cat,

tom-cat.

q'rj* byi-ba 1. sbst. B. and C.; col. C. *)hi-

tsi* Ld., Pur. *bi-tse*, Ld., Lh. *sa-

bi-li(g)*-> rat, mouse, and various other ani-

mals: byi-ba-rkan-rin Sch. rabbit (?); dnul-

byi Sch. white rabbit. byi-dkdr Sch. white

hare. byi-Kuii mouse-hole. byi-rdo Sch.

rat's-bane, arsenic. byi-ldem mouse-trap.

byi-ndg Sch. fitchet, polecat. byi-prug

young mouse. byi-brun Dzl. mouse-dung.-

byi-bld v. sub byi-la. byi-fsdn mouse-

nest, mouse-hole. byi-fser medicinal herb

Med. byi- dzin Cs. mouse-trap ; byi-bzun

Lt., *bi-zi<m* W., etymol. id.; but applied

to that troublesome plant, the bur (bur-

dock), which is stuck into mouse-holes, to

fasten in the skin of the mice. byi-loii

etym. blind-mouse Sch. mole. II. vb.:

byi-ba byed-pa Cs.,=

byi byed-pa 1. to mouse :

to steal, to pilfer. 2. to commit adultery.-

III. pf. of Jbyi-ba q. v.; byi-ba spu, Sch.,

hair that has fallen off.

>i-bo Lex.; Sch. little child, infant,

=

byis-pa.-^

byi-bzin n. of one of the lunar man-

sions, v. rgyu-skdr.

3*3* byi-ze Cs. = tabs, manner, way, method.

q-r byi-ru coral, frq., also byu-ru; byi-ru?^

mdog light red Glr.

medicinal plant Med.

B., W. *bi-la, bi-li* (Hind.

cat; byi-lai brun, cat's dungLt.; byi-bla Wdk. id.? In the latter work

it is mentioned as the name of a certain

monster, whilst byi-blai rgyal-mfsdn is an

attribute of the gods, resembling a flag with

a cat's head at the top.

bi/i-ldm Wdk.?

byi-sdii WdnJ

byin-ba v.

r*

Jbyi/l-ba.

r*C|*fST* byih-byiit-fu-lu S.g. n. of an

Ns^ animal (?).

byins-pa 1. Cs. general, common.

2. Sch. hidden, concealed. 3. Cs.

root. The word seems to be a secondaryform of spyi ano dbyir'is, yet in various pas-

sages of medical works none of the above

meanings is applicable.

qr />//'" ' pomp, splendour, magnificence,

^e.g. of kings; byin-ce-bar bzugs-pa to

be enthroned in great splendour Dzl.; yzi-

brjid dan byin ce Dzl. mfu dan byin Dzl.;

byin -can magnificent, splendid, brilliant,

byin- me'd the contrary.

- - 2. blessing ,a

bestowing of blessings, a power working for

good, byin-bdb Lex., -pdb Sch. : conferring

blessings (?), bcom-ldan- dds-kyi byin -gyis

by the blessing, the miraculous power of

Buddha; yet also applied to devils, v. below;

most frq. byin-gyis rlob-pa, pf. brlabs, ft.

brlab, imp. rlobs, to bless, mi a person, sa-

yzi a place Mil., also followed by the termin.:

sems-can-gyi sdug-bsndl zi-bar byin-gyisrlobs grant thy blessing, that the m isery of

beings may be assuaged Mil.; bu mfun-rkyen

Odzom-bar byin-gyis rlobs bless the son, that

all happiness may be accumulated on hi mMil.; rgyud ynyen-po bzdn-bar bless mysoul, that it may be an efficient help (to

these people) Mil.; relative to devils: log-

376

S- byi

S- blli J. GiI'., l't1l., byi byM-pu to commitadultery or rape ollemales, b!Ji-euJpunish_

ment for it. - 2. Y. ulli-ba. - 3. 1,«". ·b~"

bird, d. b!Jiu.

s-?t:.·(~n b!Ji-Ui,j(-ya) a medicine .A/ed.

§'£F" byi.(ur or dur, 1. II. of no animal,'" inhabiting tU\'CS S.g.; byi-dul'_ma

Sik. porcupine. - 2. spine of a porcupineor a hedgehog Sdl.

S·~~ byi-tz"h' a kind of silk stuff? mu"~

;r:5,~: byi-lbil' \'. utji·ful'.

S-¥.' bgi-d61' the wiping, cleaning; i.'lUff­- [,Jd,' zh-pa b!Ji-d&I'-!J!Ji lus dei mi"

the word j1!j(l.!/_bd«r denotes IllC nct of clean_ing Le,,;,; commonly "!li-db byN-pa c. g.

[IIUS _ SIl to clenn, to sweep n place Dd.;spiritually; to cleanse one's thoughts Mil.;uyi../xlJr b!Jtd-l'a D::l. to dress, trim, decorateone's self, to make one's sell smart.5i"~ b!Ji-po SrIi. bosom. - 2. IV. male-cat,

tom-calS'::r byi-ba, 1. sbst. n. and C.; col. C. ~Id-

t8i- IA., Pur. -U-ue-, Ld., !.II. -'a_bi-li(!!)" rat, mOllse, lind various other aui­mllls: b!Ji-I.)(N·kati-l'ii. &11. mbllit (?); dtiiJl·b!Ji Scl,. white rabbit. - b!Ji-JJ.:dt· Seh. whitehare. - byi-llun mouse-bole. - byi-rdo&h.rat's-bane, arsenic. - b!Ji-ldhl' mouse-trop.- b!Ji-ndg Scl,. fitchet. polecat. - byi-j)I'Ugyoung mouse. - byi-bt1in D::l. mouse-dung.- byi-bld v. sull byi-la. - u.'1i-fttdil mouse­nest, mouse-hole. - b!Ji-fltit· lfit'dicinal herbNed. - byi-¢d;;(n Gr. mouse-trap; byi-b::utiLt., -bkum- II~, etymo!. id.; but IIj>pliedto thal troublesome plaut, the bur (bur­dock), which is stuck int(l mouse-holcs, tofasten in tile skin of the mice. - byi-uuietym. blind-mouse Sch. mole. - II. vb.:b!Ji-ba byAl'l)(l (,;.,= b!Ji byid-pa 1. to mouse;to sleal, to pilfer. 2. to commit adultery. ­m. pr. of ¢b!Ji-ba q. v.; b!Ji-ba ttpu, &11..hair thn~ has fullen off.§.~ byi-&> LeJ;.; &h. lime child, infant, =

b1Jitt-pa. •S'.q~' b!ji-b::in n. of one of the lunar man­

SJOIl$, v. l'!Jyu-.skd/·.

~~. byin

~'j;' blJi-::e (s. - tabs, manner, way, method.

S·Q." b.lfi-m coral, frq., ulso byu-l'U; byi-rumdolJ light red Gil'.

~·~tIJ· b!Ji-I'Iig medicinal plant i.IIad.

S-I':.!· byi-la, lJ., IV. -bi-la, bl-b'- (1lind.-billU.-), cat; byi-lai bl'Un, cat's dung

Lt.; byi-Ua !Vdk. id.? 111 the latler workit is mentioned as the name of a certainmonster, whilst byi-btai t:'l1Ial-mfttdll is anattribute of tile god~, resembling a ling wilha cat's Ilend at thc top.

~'r..j~' blll-ldm Wdk. r

9".0""' ".""" "'" " ,.,J • ,.... UY' l1un tin ..

S::.q· byiti-ba v. J!yiti·ba.

~!:.·Sc·f1·~· b.'1iit-b!Jiti-fli-lu S.!!. n. of nn:l ..., animal (?).Sl::~r.:r byiti8-pa 1. O. general, common.­. 2. Sell. hidden, concealed. - 3. W.

root. The word seems to lle a secondaryform of I1pyi ano db!Jiti8, }'ct in various pas­snges of medicnl works none of the abo\'emeanings is applicable.~~. byill 1. pomp, splendour, magnificence,

e.g. of kings; byin-ce-bar b::u!l8-pa tobe enthroned in great splendour Dzl.; rd­b'jid da'i byin (6 D::I. fIlfu ([wi blJin D::l.;blJin - can mngnificent, splendid, brilliant,b.1Jill - med the contrary. - 2. blessing, abestowing of I.>lessings, a power work ing forgood, b!JilV-bab Lu., -Jidb Sch.: conferringblessings (?), brom-ldan-¢dth-k!Ji byill -O!lisby tbe blessing, the miraculous power ofBuddha; }'et also applied to devils, v. below;most frq. b!Jl'n-!Jyis d6lJ..pa, I'r. brl(lb~ ft.brlab, imp. rW!Jl1, to bless, mi It person, 8tI­

pi II. place J.lJil., aJso followed b)' the termin.:8tll~-c(lll-!J!Jl WlV)-b8,idl ::i-bal' byit'-f/1Iisrlo!.Jg grant thy blessing, that the m i~ery ofbeiags may be asSuaged Mil.;bu m(un-I'k!jfl.¢fkow-bal' b!Ji1l-!J!Jl8 rlobtt bless the 8Q1l, thatall haprmess may b6 IICCllIDulated on Iii mMil.; rg!JlId rnp-po b::d"_bar bless my!:lOul, tbat it may be an efficient help (tothelie PCCl~le) Mil.; relative tQ.devik Ihg-

byin-rli'n

n. bdud-kyii byin-gyi brlabs heretical

hachers sent and fitted out by the devil:

-also Ttir. 46, 13; to create, to change into

Mil., Tnr.\ hence byin-rlabts blessing, byin-

rlabs />i/t

:

((-j><i, ivs|>. nidzdd-pa frq., yt6h-ba,

resp. stedl-ba ( Is.,= byin-yyis rldb-pa; byin-

rlnfis-cdii, byin-rlabs dan Iddn-pa blessed,

sanctified, highly favoured, men or thingsft/i.; so also byin-rlabs zuys-pa Mil.; Odre-

Odi// bifin-rlabs blessing pronounced against

demons, exorcism of devils Mil.; nueton.:

I am the Op'dgs-pai byin-rlabs of all of you,he who will help you to go to heaven Glr.

B<3"<3" byin-rtcn Cs., the relics of a saint,

or the place where they are kept

('depository of blessings') ;also in the shape

of pills,which liberal donors receive from

their Lamas, and which they swallow, par-

ticularly in the hour of death.

byin-pa 1. sbst. calf of the leg, byin-

pa nd-ba pain in the calf; byin-sulCs. 'hollow on theinward side of thethigh'(P).

II. pf. of sbyin-pa.

byin-po Sch. all, the whole; general;

byin-gyis prd-ba by degrees, more

and more fine etc.?

byin-rlabs v. byin 2.

byib-pa, pf. byibs 1 . to cover, to wrap

up, gos-kyis Lt 2. Cs. to hide, con-

ceal, keep secret, hush up.

qn- byiu 1. Pur. *biu*, little bird, bird S.g.- 2. Sch. alpine hare.

byil-ba to stroke, mgd-bo-la byil-byil

byed-pa to stroke a person's head Pth.

byil-mo naked Sch.

byis-pa 1. child, esp. little child; byis-

(pai) nad disease of children Med. ;

byis-pa btsd-fabs obstetric science Med.',

byis-stdn v. nd-zla sub na I, 2; byis-pai

bio Cs. childishness, want of judgment;

byis-pai skyt-bo a plain, ignorant person, a

person not initiated Thgy., S.O.; mo-byis

girl, lass Mil.; byis-pa-zun-zig Cs.

,twins.

- 2. boy, lad, till about the age of 16 years,

frq. (W. not in use).

^.^* byit-ru=

byi-ru.

byuy-pa 1. unguent, ointment salve,

whether as colouring-matter, mcdi-

( ine or sweet scent Dzl.^ Med.; byiig-patkathick ointment, thick plaster; byuy-pa dathin unguent C*. 2. foot-bath W., perh.better: bcug-pa.

^y^-^Wj I*** -ffral, place, in a

certain succession or row; byug-ris zog make room, leave a place empty -Sr/u

qrn^-'6^^ v - J>yuy-p<*'> byug9-*pos anoint-

? '

ing-oil Sch.

nr* %w;i v. Jbyuii-ba; byun-fsul history,

?> story, particulars of any event, nai byun-fsul de-ltar yda that is my story MiL; byun-

rdbs Sch. id.

byur B., esp. of later times and coL,

/.-A also A.'/'/N. misfortune, mishap, ac-

cident, byur ce-ziit l>n mi ysos-na if one has

the great misfortune not to be able to keepa child alive Dom.

;mi-la byur Ogtl-ba to

draw down misfortune on a person Dom.;

*hd-la jur cug son* W.} *jhur* 6'., I have

had misfortune, I have been unfortunate;

byur-yyi, also byur-can unlucky, disastrous,

perilous. *jhur-ndg* great calamity C.

byur-sel preservative against misfortune.

r<tn-byur-rd6 was explained: a sling-

stone with which one hits one's self.

as^Sf byiir-po,Cs. also-^M, vulg. byur-byir

N= heaped, a heaped measure of corn

or meal; byur-por bkaii Thgy.

^- bye 1. = byeu little bird, bye-glin bird's

T nest Ma.; bye-pruy a young little bird

Dzl., also bya-prug; bye -brim bird-dang

Wdn.; byeu jur-pa Sch. partridge. 2. v.

bye-ma.

bye-mgo 1. bird's head. 2. an offi-

cinal mineral S.g.

n'q' bye-ba ten million, byt-ba-prag yvumdan sd-ya-prag drug thirty-six million;

bye-ba sa-ya, eleven million; it seems

to be among the larger numbers one of the

most popular, as the word million is in

English.

S-qcrr bye-brag, frifr. 1. difference, diver-'

sity, K6-bo dan saits-rgyd* bye-brdg

ci yod what difference is there between me

and Buddha? Dzl.; bye-brayJbyed-ya to find,

IT

·drtll fx/(~(l-k!l''' byin-!lyill brlub. hcretiCl\ltCl\chers sent and fitted out by the devil;so also Tar. 46, 13; to create, to change intoMil., Tar.; hence byiiM'labt blessing, byin­r/illn byill-pa, resp. 11UIz(J(l.pa frq., ytoif_lm,res!!. ItlJdt-ba (,.,_ byfii-t/!Jl3 darpaj b!fin­rlllln-call, b!l;'~rlaba da>i lddn-pa blessed,sl\llctified, highly uwoured, men or things/'th.; so 1Iiso byin-rlabt Hg8-pa Mil.; odre­.dr;l byill-r/uw blessing pronounced ngainstdemoos, exorcism of devils Jl1il.; melon.;J am the .pd{p-pui byill."[a/n of all of you,he who will help you t.o go 1.0 h,un'cll Gir.~··f~· byill·rib/' w., the relics of n saint,~"I) or tbe place where they are kept('del)()sitory of blessings'); also in tbe shapeof pill8, which lilJeral donors receive fromtheir Lawns, and which tbey swallow, ptlr­ticuhwly in the !Jour of death.S~',q' byin-pa 1. sbst. call of the leg, byin_

pa mi-ba pllill ill the cnlf; &yin-aNICa. 'hollow 011 the inward sideof thethigb'(?).- II. pf. of 3b!Jfn-pa.~~=r byin-po Sell. all, the whole; general;

b!Jin-gyu prd..ba by degrees, morell.lld more fine etc.?

~~f-l.:::l~r hyin-rla/n v. byin 2.

S.:::l·q b!Jlh-pa, pf. byj~ L to cover, to wrapup, fj03-J..yi3 1...1. - 2. Ct. to hide, con­

ceal, keep seCl'ft, hush up.~. bylu 1. l'ltr. ·biu·, little bird, bird S.!J.

- 2. Sch. alpine hare.~..j'::l' h!JiM;a to stroke, 'fI'9Q-bo-/a byil-byil

byid-pa to stroke a person's headPtll.

:So.r~ b!Jil-roo naked SciI-.

5~'r byll-pa I. child, esp, little child; byU-(Pal) nad disease of children .Med.;

hyla-pa b~d-(aw obstctric sciencc ltfed.;byi.$-&tdn v. nd-da sub na I, 2; byia-paibio O. childishness, want of judgment;byia-pai d:yi-bo a plain, ignorant person, Il.

!terson not initiated Thgy., S.O.; mo-byilgirl, lass MiL; byi&-pa-z,i,.-Zig C•. , t,..ins.- 2. boy, lad, tililibout the l\f;e of 16 yelU'S,irq. (lV. not in use).

3'~' b~rn - byi-rtl.~

377

'l=fJ',q' h!JUfJ-pa I. unguent, ointment, IIlve,'G whether u colouring-matter, medi­cine or sweet iCcnl D:l., Mtd,; byug_/Ja ...t'4tL,ick ointmcnt, thick plaster; byNv_PIl. tla

. thin unguent c..;. - 2, foot-LIth Jv., peril.beUcr: ~!I-pa,

'l=ff~:W' hYU!J:U' I.u. ~ !l"al, place, in •~ ccrtalD succession or row; bYIIfI"Nt zO!J make room, IClwe a place empty &4­::::I=il"-~f hYUfJI v• •bywg-pa; /xJlI!/'-tp'" anoint·lG ing.oil Sc/i..qt:.' hYllli v. o/,lJUu-ba; byU,.-(ft41 histofy,~ story, particulars of any event,,.aiby'''.(alll di-ltar pia tha~ is n'ptory Mil.; b!JN,....,'d~ Sell. id.s::; byur B., esp. of later tiDles and col.,..... IA. "Iso bylU, misfortune, misllap, ac­cident, b!Jtlr (Kin bu lIIi }"de-fla if one hasthe great misfortune not to be altle to kecpl\ child ali"e Dom.; lIIj·la byur .!Jil-ba todraw down misCortune on a J»crson Dow,.;·,id-la jur f:v.!J 3O/i. HZ, ·Plllr" c., I havehad misfortune, I have been unlorwDftte;hyur-gyi, also b!jUr-J:an unlu~ky, disastrous,perilous. - '"jhur-rnirf grea~ C3lamity C.- b!JIU'-ul preservative against misfortune.- ran-hyur-rdd was explaiued: a sling.stone with which one bits one's self.~::;=r byHr-po,C.. ,,!so-lrn, vulg, byur..f,yilr~ heaped, " heaped weMure of cornor meal; b!jYr-por bl.:a,. Thgy.5' b!p 1. -= byeu little bird, b!Jt-gU" bird's

nest Ma.; b!#-pr-Wg ft young little birdD::l., also b!Ja-priJg; bye- brim bird-dungJVdii.; bp .,itr-pa Sell. partridge. - 2....hyMna. .S'5i~ byt'I1l1Jd 1. bird's head. - 2. an offi·

cina! mineral 8.g.=1':1' h!Jl-ba ten, million, ~-P:(IIj.r~"..; ooil ,d-ya-pragdrflg th,rty-ilXwllhon;bit - ba '" - ya, eleven million; it seemsto be ftmong the I"rger numbenJ one of thClm06t popul...., iii the W()rd million is inEnglish.....~ byHwdg, f~. 1. difference, diver·

::::j sity, iQ-bo daIi ta~'-'"9ya. ~br6fJCi yt>d what difference ii thcre betwun meawd Buddha? D:I.; ~rd9.byid-pa to find.,..

378

e-ma 'J* byed-pa

3-51-

to show a difference, c. genit. in, of, be-

tween things ;to analyze, to explain ; variety,

diversity Was. (266); bye-brag bsdd-pa =vibhdshd Was. (147), also bye -brag- bsad-

mfso or -cu-yter, title of books; bye-brag-

can Cs. different, bye-brag-med-pa Cs., mi-

pyed-pa Dzl. equal; bye-brdg-tu smrd-ba

Thgy., bye -brag -pa, iff[fsfcR,name of a

school of philosophers, Atomists Kopp.l, 69.

- 2. division, section, class, species, dud-

Ogroi} rol-moi bye-brag a species of animals,

a kind of musical instrument etc. Lex.; yul-

gyi bye-brag a part of the country, province,

Tar. 33, 6; bye-brdg-tu (to go through)

according to the separate classes Zam.

bye-ma (C. *jhe-ma*, W. *be-ma*) 1.

sand, frq. 2. sandy plain, sands, yser-

gyi bye-mai dkyil-na in the middle of a plain

of gold sand Glr. --3. gravel (disease)

Schr. - -bye-ma Jn^u ycig a grain of sand

6s.; gdn-pai klun-gi bye-ma tsam as muchsand as there is on the Ganges; bye-ma-kd-ra brown sugar, ground sugar, Hind.

TJ\n, C. bye-dkdr white sand, bye-ndgblack sand. --

bye -cab Lt. sandy water,

water standing on sandy ground. bye-

Ijons a sandy tract 6s. bye-fan a plain

of sand, a sandy desert Glr. --bye -pun

heap of sand. bye-fsub sand raised bya whirlwind. bye-ril (Schr. hril), small

sugar-balls, Indian sweet- meat, importedinto Tibet, C.

byed-pa I. vb., pf. byas, fut. bya, imp.

byos, vulgo byas (Sp., Bal. *bed-pa*;in Ld. and Lh. instead of it gen. *co-ce*\

resp. mdzdd-pa, eleg. bgyid-pa, 1. to make,

to fabricate, with the ace., e.g. a house, an

armour etc.; with las or la, to make out of

or of: yser-las out of gold, sin-la Tar. 160,

11 of wood; with the ace. and termin. to

form to, to work into, pdgs-pa sog-sog-tu

to work or manufacture skin into parch-ment Dzl.

;with the instrum.: to do with,

to make of: Odis ci zig bya what are you

going to do with it, to make of it? Dzl. to

cause, to effect : lhun-ba de nas byds-pa yinMil. it was I that caused this falling; with

the supine, to take care that: byed -par

Odod-par byed-pa to make him inclined to

do it Dzl., ma sor-bar bt/os sig Pth. take

care, that he do not escape; yod-par byed-

pa to produce, procure, provide, dei ynds-Kan-la sogs-pa byds-nas he provided for

him a dwelling with appurtenances Dzl.;

to fit out, equip (a ship) Glr.; to act: rgydl-

po, dran-sron etc. byed-pa to act a king,

a saint, as much as: to rule as a king, to

live as a saint Dzl., bld-ma byed-pa to be

a priest C.;in a gen. sense : to do : byd-ba

dan bya-ba-ma-yin-pa ston-pa to teach what

men ought to do and what they ought not

to do Thgy.; to commit, perform, execute:

nyes-pa byed-byed-pa one that has repeat-

edly committed himself, las or byd-ba byed-

pa to perform an action, las ci zig byed

what are you doing, what is your business?

fobs yod-de byed-mKan med there is an

expedient, but no one that carries it into

effect Ma ; mi byar mi run-bas as it must

be performed, lit. as it cannot remain un-

done Dzl.; bsdm-pa Itar myu^-du byds-na

if an intention is speedily executed, per-

formed; las byed-pa to work, to be efficient

(of a medicine); to act, proceed, pretend,

affect: ci Itar byds-na legs how proceedingis good? i.e. which is the best way to pro-

ceed, how shall I manage best? Glr.; bsdm-

ytan- la yod-pai lugs byas he pretended,

affected to meditate Glr.', dei lugs-su byaoI will act as he does, I will do like that

man Glr.' gd-le byed-pa Mil. to proceed

slowly, to be slow; to take, to assume, to

count: zag bzi-pa ddn-por byds-na if the

fourth day be taken for (counted as) the

first Wdn.; byed-pa with the termin. of the

inf. is frequently used periphrastically or

to give force to other verbs; such forms

are: ysod-par byed-pa to kill, pa-mds se's-

par byos (or gyis) sig, resp. yab-yum-gyis

mKyen-par mdzod cig dear parents, youmust know! Dzl.

;on the other hand: pa-

la rig -par gyis sig let your father knowabout it Tar. 37, 7

;in such cases the pro-

per sense is merely to be gathered from the

context. Besides the simple fut. : Odug-par

byao I shall remain Tar., Ko-mo grogs byd-

378s-~. byd-ma

to show a difference, e. geniL. in, of, be­tween things; to analyze, toe:a:plain; vnriety,diversity lVaa. (266); bye-!mig b&dd-pa­'CihM3h4 Was. (147), ulso bye.brafl-bliad­m(80 or -Cu-yth·, title of books; byl-bra{l­tan 04:. different, bpe-brag.mU-pa c,., mi·fr!JM-pa Dzl, equal; bye-lJrdg-iU smrti-haTl!fly., bye-brdfJ-pa, ~m~ name of:l.gchool of philoso]lhers, AtomistsKiJpp.I, 60.- 2. division, section, class, species, dud­c!Jroi, nil-rnoi bye-brag a species of Dnimals,a kind of musiClll instrument etc. Le;e.;!JUl­gyi bye-brdg" part of the country. province,Tar. 33, 6; bye-brdg-tu (to go through)according to the separate classes YAm.S'a:r byl-mQ (C. ·jlti-.ma·, W: *be-ma·) 1.

sand, frq. - 2. sandy plain, sanlb, r3k­gyi hYMnai dkyil-na in the middle ofa Illainof gold sand Glr. - 3. gravel (disease)Schr. - byi-ma /JI"U rng a grain of sand0.; gdn-pai kill/i-gi byi-ma mum as muchsand as there is on the Ganges; by~-ma­

kd-ra brown ~ugar, ground sugar, JIind.~, C. - bye-dkdr white 8llod, byt-1ldgblack sand. - "1/l-c&b Lt. saudy water,water standing on sandy ground. - byt­ijO,i' a sandy tract O. - byt-fdn a plainof snnd, a. sandy desert Glr. - bye.pu,,~

heap of SllIld. - bye-fsub sand rnised bya whirlwind. - bye-til (Schr. hril), smallsugar.balls, Indian sweet-meat, importedioto Tibet. C.S~''f bytd-pa 1. vb., pC. bYaB, fttt. b!la, imp.

byos, volgo byas(Sp., Bu!. -bid-pa-;in La. and Lh. instead of it gen. -CJ-le·),resp. mdz&d-pa, eleg. bgyEd·pa, 1. to make,to fabricate, with the ace., e.g. a house, anannonr etc.; ",..ith ku or la, to make Ollt ofor of: ysif'.ku Ollt of gold, !(n·la Tar. 160,t 1 of wood; with the ace. and termin. toform w, to work into, pdg&-pa !og-'8ofrtuto work or mnnumcture skin into pareh­meDt Dzl.; with the iuslrum.: to do with,w make of: odil Ci Zig bya whllt are yOllgoing to do with it, to make of it? Dzl. tocause, to effect: lhun-ba de naa blJd$JJa yinMil. it was I that caused this falling; withthe supine, to take ~e that: byid-par

odod-pw' bycd,.pa to make him inclined todo it Dzl., ma Mr-bar bY03 !ig Pth. takecare, that he do not escape; yM-par byed·pa to prOduce, procure, provide, dei rndr­~'a,i-la Wgs-pa byds.na.s he provided forhim a dwelliug with nppurtenancca D::l.;to fit out, equip (a ship) Glr.; to act: rgyal­po, drwj4rQ,j etc. bytd.pa to act a king,a saint, as much as: to rule ns a king, tolive as a saint D::1., bUi-ma bykl-pa to ben priest C.; in a gen. sense: to do: byd-ba.dan bya-ba-ma.yin.pa stdn-pa to teach what.men ought to do and what they ought notto do TIlg!}.; to commit, perform, execute:nyes-pa bycd-byCJ.pa one that has repeat-­edly committed himself, las or byd-ba byM..pa to perform An action, la. Ci Zig byedwhat are you doing, what is your business?fa!J3 yM-de b!lid-mllan med there is anexpedient, but DO one that carries it intoeffect Ma ; 11Ii byaJ' mi rUN..ooS as it mustbe performed, lit. as it cannot remain un·done D::l.; wdm-pa ltar myU"-du byd••naif an intention is speedily ueeuted, per­formed; laB byM-pa to work, to be efficient(of n medicine); to act, proceed, pretend,affect: cE lt~r byds-na legs how proceedingis good? i.e. which is the hest way to pro-­eeed, how shall I manage best? Glr.; b8&m·ftall ·la yM-pai lu{p bYaB he pretended,affected to meditate Glr.; dei lUg'-1m byooI will act as he does, I will do like thatman Glr.; gei-Ie byid-pa .Mil. to proceedslowly, to he slow; to lake, to assume, tocount: zag bU-pa dd/j-por bycb-na if thefourth day be taken for (counted as) thefirst Wdn.; byM;·pa with the termw. of theinf. is frequently used periphrastically orto give force to other \'erbs; such formsare: rsM-pal' byld-pa to kill, pa-ma. u,·par b!J03 (or gyu) Hg, resp. yab-yum-g!jUmill/en - par 1/idzod tig dear parents, youmust know! Dzl.; on the other hand: p'd·la rig-par gyis ~ig let your futher knowabout it Tar. 37, 7; in such cases the pro­per sense is merely to be gathered from thecontext. Besides the simple fut.: odUfj-parbylUJ I shall remain Tar., 1[tJ..nw !J"09s bya-

/,;-/,

yw as I shall be with you Glr.\ the form

/>//'"> frq. serves to express necessity: btsal-

Ixn- // I nm>t seek Dzl.', esp. with a ne-

gation: //;/"'</-///mi byao they are by no

iiiruns to be pronounced; the participles in

the short forms of ytoii-byed and yton-byd

differ, in as much as the former is used

in an active sense, e.g. one giving, a giver,

the latter in a passive sense, one to be given;

they may be formed of any verb. For spe-

cific combinations, in which byed-pa is

differently to be translated, as dpe byed-pa,

yiil-la byed-pa etc., refer to these words.

2. to say, to call, yet chiefly only in the

pf. tense: zes byds-pa Dzl. thus said, so

called; snar byds-pa bzin according to what

has been said before Dzl. ; byas-kyan though

saying Pth. and in the fut., which in

that case, however, frq. stands for the pre-

sent: (zes) byd-bai sgra byun-no a voice

thus speaking was heard Glr.;de-la dbyans

ses byao these are called vowels Gram.;

(zes-) byds-pa, or more frq. byd-ba, the so

called, being often joined to a name, that

is mentioned for the first time, e.g. Anu,

the so called, whilst we should say, a man,

called Anu, or of the name of A.; byd-ba

also implies : of the purport, to the effect,

just as bes-pa is also used: 'fsol-zig' byd-

bai lun byun-nas an order being given to

make a search Glr. -- 3. to go away, to

disappear: byas son he disappeared Glr.

II. sbst. 1. byed-pa and bye'd-mKan, the

person that does or has done a thing, the

doer, performer etc.; author, bstan-bcos bye'd-

mKan the author of the work Tar. --2.

byed-pa the instrumentative case Gram. 3.

byed-pa the doing, dealings, with noun in

the instrum. case: de- dra-ba mi-riys-pa

rgydl-pos byed-pa such wrong being done

by the king, such unjust dealings of the

king Dzl.', in the genit. case: bld-yi bytd-

pa dbyins-su sbos hide the working of your

understanding in the heavens, i. e. let it

disappear in nothingness ; effect, also with

the noun in the genit. case, Wdn. 4. bye'd

(-pa)-po, doer, accomplisher etc., mcod-sbyin

byrd-pa-po-r bos he invited him as sacri-

ficing priest Tar. ; <!>'</-/><// bytd-pa~po con-

verter Tar. ; bkra-bi j>fl-bai bytd-po aug-menter of eternal happiness (from a hymn);

bytd-pa-po instrumentative case Gram. ;OA the

twelve byed-pa-poi tkye-m&d I here cite

the following from Wdk., without being able

to offer an explanation: bday, <f-om,srog, ^ro-ba, y6-ba, skyfa-bu, <jah-zag,

ban, bed-bddg, byed-pa-po, f6r-ba-po,

pa-po, mfdn-ba-po, where, by the by, it U to

be observed, that thirteen are here enu-

merated, byed-pa-po being mentioned againwith the rest (a want of accuracy, which

is not unfrequently to be met with in the

scientific works of the Tibetans). 5. byd-

ba q. v.

^n- byeu (also byiu q.v.) little bird; byiw-^^ zul byed-pa v. zvd; byeu-la-pug S.g.t

a medicinal herb Cs.

^^'^' byej'-ba v. Obyer-ba.

n^r* fyes>Lew. and col.; foreign country;

abroad, byes fag-rin-ba a far distant

country Cs.; byes-su ^gr6-ba to go abroad,

to travel; byes-su Od6y-pa to remove, to

emigrate L&r.; by&-nas sle'b-pa to come

from abroad Lex.; byes -pa traveller, for-

eigner, stranger; *lam-rog bes-pa yod-pa

yin-te* W. proceeding together as fellow-

travellers.

tyo-ba Cs. rnd-ba by6-ba to hear,

hearken, listen.

by6n-pa v. Jbyon-pa.

'

byol-ba v. Oby6l-ba.

byol-*6" animal, osp. quadruped;

byol-sdn-bas ylm-pa more stupid

than a brute Afil.; byol-son rgydl-po the

lion Mil.

TTJ*brd-ka v. fd-ka.

^-S- bra-nyi, n. of a lunar mansion, v.

rgyu-tkdr J.

. brd-bay1. sbst, n. of a small rodent

living under ground (not mole i i., but

rather suslik, earless marmot S<7i.); bni-p*-

se Ld. a similar animal (= ;>ra-/i.')bra-

<ir, bra-fsdii Cs., burrow of it; bra-brim

yi3 as I sh.1l be 'vitli you GIl',; - the (ormbYM (rq. sen'es to express necessity: buri/­b(/r bya I must seek ]);;1.; esp. witb. a ne­gation: br)Od-l'ar 111; byt'o they are by nolIlCIl.lIS to be Ilrollouneed; the pllrtieiples inthe short (ol'ms o( rto,j-bgid nnd rto,j-v!jddiffer, in IU> much as the fOl'mer i~ usedio nn neti,'e seilS(!, e,g. one gi"ing, ft giver,the Intter in ApllSsi\'e senSe, one to begivcII;th~}' mny be formed of Any ,·erb. leor spe­cific combinations, in which byfd - pa isdifferently to be translated, as (i~ by&l-pa,yid-la bykl-pa etc., refer to these words. ­2. to say, to call, yet chiefly only in thepf. tense: Ztl b1Jd.-pa ]):::L thus said, socalled; lriar h!Jd.-pa bzi" neeordiog to whathas been said before ])::1.; bYal-kyali thoughsnying Plh, - lUld in the fut., which inthnt case, however, frq, swnds for the pre­sent: (zes) b,ya-bai 'grG by/til-flO a voicethus speaking was heard Glr.; <U-la dbyali.ka byac these nrc called ,"owels Gram.;(u.-) byd.-pa, or more frq. bUd-ba, the socalled, being often joined to a name, thatis mentioned for the first time, e.g. Ann,the so called, whilst we should sa}', a man,called Anu, or of the nnme of A.; byd-baalso implies: of the purport, to the effect,just llS Nt-pa is also used: '~-}i{l 0Jd­b6i lwi byIl.1i-ruu lUi order being given tomake (l. search GIl'. - 3. to go away, todisappear: byas .oli be disn.ppeared Gi,',-

I I. sbst. I. byl'd-pa and ¥l-mfan, tileperson thAt docs or bas done n thing, thedoer, performer etc.; author, wt(lll-VCOa byld­m~fan the nutllor of tile work '1'ar. - 2.byN-pa the instrumentative case Gram. - 3.by6J-pa the doing. dealings, with noun inthe instrulD. cast!: di-odra- ba 11Ii-riga-pargyd~ by«J-pa iuch wrong being Iloneby tlt~ king, such unjust dealings of theking Dd.; in the genit. eAse: bld-yi byJd­pa dby(nNU 111m hide the workiug of yourunderstanding in tho hca\'ells, i, e. let itdisappear in nothingness; effect, also 'I·jththe noUD in the genit. case, Wd,oj. - -to by&/.(-Jla)-po, doer, accomplisher etc., 7r1CQd,..,byinb,vM-pa'por boa he im'ilo<LLim I\f liacri·

ficing pril'st 'fat'. j .'/"l-ha,. hyM-p"-po eon­,'erter 'l'at'.; bkt'a.j;' '/JiI-bfli bytd-[KJ aue­meal.er of eternal haplJine.;e (from. h,mn);byM-pa-pa instrumentative case Gm"..; .. thetwelve bybl.pa-poi d~-"Icid I here citethe following from mil.... without being ableto ofTer lin expllllllltion: Mag, tb>"-OON,'rog, ofI'oQ-ba, f"J-ba, 1k!jN.QII, vtuj-::dV, MJ..can, itd-bddg, byM-pa-po, (~, u.­pa-po, ml'tj,j.ba-pa, where, by the by, it it tobe observed, that thirteen are here enu­merated, bytd"pa-po being mentioned againwith the rest (a Wl\llt of aceuracy, 'I'hichis not ullfreqtiently to be met with in thescientific works of tile Tibetans). - 5, byd_ba q. V.

Ss" b!JCI' (also byiu q,v.) little bird; b!Jftl-'" zul b!lkl-pa V. ::wl; byeu-w"1'nlg 8.9.,

n medicinal herb c,.

5,,=:r byh·.Qa V. obyh--ba.

S:~' hyt., Lux. Alld col.; foreign country;abroad, b!Jf1 (ag-t'iri·ba a ftt.r distant

country (.$.; byn-N,0r6-ba to go abroad,to tra"cl; bSn-It' _d~-pa to remove, toemigrate u..r,; byll - nQ~ alib-IXJ to comefrom o.broad Le..r,; byll-IXJ trAveller, for­eigner. stfllnger; -lam-rdg hi.-pa ydd-payin-te- HZ proceeding together as fellow­tnwellers.~~. b1J6-ba C•. rnd·ba "'fl-oo to bear,

hearken, listen.

~..q' byorlfa '". obtjdn-pa.

f...f~· bydl-ba Y. ob!j6I-bo..

~.~l:,' byoi-WH anim~I, esp. quadrup~;;"~ byol-adii..Qa, ylm-ptl more stupidthan a brute Mil.; byol_a&t ,,"lil-po thelion Mil.

:f''T brd-ka v. !d.Jn.

:r~' bt'a· nyJ, n. of a lunar Ul.usion, Y,

rgyu4kdr?=r.:;r brd.-lJa, 1. sbst., n. of • $ml.1I ~t....;j Ih'ing ullder ground (not mole c.., butratber suslik. earless marmot &/I.); bni..p..­u Ld. .. silDil.r animal (- lJrtl-ii'); bra~

-.I'dJ', lIf~,i c.., burrow of it; bro-","""

380

bra-bo

Lea;., bra-ril Cs., dung of it; bra-lpdgs skin

of it. 2. vb. to have or to be in great

plenty, to abound (?), rdn-gis za ma bra,

btun ma bra, gon ma bra she allowed her-

self no abundance of food, drink, or cloth-

ing; *za-, tun-., cin-, lab-, zer-dha-te* eat-

ing, drinking plentifully, walking, speaking,

talking a great deal C.; *fsa-, dho-, dhdn-

dha-te* being very hot, warm, cold C.

brd-bo (prov. *brau*, Pur. *bro*) buck-

wheat; bra-pye Lex., rjen Sch. buck-

wheat flour; bra-sog buck -wheat straw,

serving as a poor sort offodder during winter.

brag rock, brag rtse-ysum-pa a three-

pointed rock; brag-sked the middle

height of a rock, opp. to brag-mjug and

rtse its foot and top Cs. brag-spos prob.

an aromatic herb, used for incense Lt.

brag-skibs beetling rock. brag-rgydl a

prominent, high and precipitous rock, tower-

ing rock. brdg-ca, -ca echo; also fig.

for something unsubstantial, shadowy, not

existing Mil. brag-mjug foot of a rock

Cs. --brag-pug rock-cavern. brag-pye

dust produced by hewing stones Grlr.

*dhag-bhoh* =pa-bon C. brag-dmdr nameof a rock in or near Lhasa, alledged not

to be identic with dmar-po-ri(Sch.}. *dag-

tsel-wa, dag-sig-pd* mite, tick W. brag-rtsdn rock-lizard. brag-rtse top of a rock.

brag-zun mineral pitch, bitumen, is said

to cure fevers and even fractures. brag-

ri rocky hill. brag-rud fall of a rock.

brag-ron chasm in a rock, ravine. brag-

sig v. brag-rtsel-ba.

qr* bran 1. resp. sku-brdn chest, breast, (cf.

7 nu-ma)', bran rdun-ba to beat one's

breast Grlr.; *u-gu dan-la cir-te Kyer-ce*

W. to carry a child pressed against one's

breast. bran-kyed (?) Cs. a high, pro-minent chest. bran-dkyil middle of the

breast, cardiac region. bran-lkog Mil.

prob.=

lkog-ma. bran-s/cds Sch. the

dorsal vertebrae opposite to the chest.

*dan - kud* string of the bran - Kun (-gun,

-Kon, -goti), pellet-bow, a bow furnished with

two strings, to shoot pellets or small stones,

bran-rdi or -rdeu, with it W. *dhan-K6g*

bran

C. cardiac -region, pit of the stomach.

bran-sgro snake, serpent (like Ito- gr6).-

bran-bur the middle convex part of the rdo-

rje Ma. bran-fsig Lh., prob. heart-burn-

ing. bran-(y)zdl Cs. dew-lap. bran-

ze Mil. prob. breast-bone, sternum. bran-

yyun Sch. tame, gentle.-- bran-rus Med.

breast -bone. -- *''dan -lag* W. the hands

crossed on the breast. bran-so Glr. breast,

brisket of a butchered animal. -- 2. also

Jbran, gen. Jbrdn-sa, eleg. mcis-brdn (q.v.),

resp. yzim-brdn, bzugs-brdn night-quarters,

halting -place, whether under a roof or in

the open air; also as much as stage (of a

journey); brdn-sa Odebs-pa Tar., prob. also

*bor-ce* W., to take up night -quarters;

dwelling, particularly a temporary one, lodg-

ings; but also a permanent abode, esp. in

W.; *ddn-sa tdn-ce, ydr-ce* to take in, to

lodge a person over night W. (cf. ynas 2).

bran-Kan, dwelling-house, dwelling-roomPth. bran-grogs house-mate, bed-fellow.

-bran-dpon master of the house, land-

lord. --po-brdn v. po\ bla-brdn v. bla.

J'^" bran-ne Lex. = kran-ne.

5^*J* bran-pa v. Obrdn-pa.

ft*' bran 1 . slave, servant, mi-brdn 'vir ser-

' vus1

S.g.', bran byed-pa to be a serv-

ant, to serve Cs.; brdn-du Ogyur-ba to be-

come a servant Cs.;bran - du K6l - ba to

make another be a servant, to use him as

a servant B. brdn-du skul-ba to engage a

person as a servant, to get him to work

for one's self Grlr.', brdn-du Kas-bldns-so

Pth. they promised to serve him; lus nag

yid ysum brdn-du pul-te devoting heart,

mouth, and body to his service Pth.; nan

nub Ito-gos-kyis brdn-du /col morning and

night I am a slave to food and clothing

Mil.; subject, one owing allegiance, *la-

ddgs-si gydl-po-la ddn-yul-fso* a village

subject to, belonging to, the king cf Ladak

W.; brdn-po servant, slave Tar.; brdn-mo

maid-servant, female slave; bran-k'6l, bran-

yyog = bran', also collectively, servants,

domestics, household. 2. texture, in the

'80~ bran

La., bra-ril lA., dung of it; bra-Ipdgt skinof it. - 2. vb. to have or to be in greatplenty. 10 abound (?), rali - gil =4 _ ON,6hlli '"4 bro, gmt fila bra she allowed her­self DO ahUlldllDce of food, drink, Of elot.h­iog; -.w-, twli-, bIt-, ~, zHho.-te· eat­iDg, driokiug plentifully, wallr:iDg, speUing,talking a great deal C.; -64., 1Atr, tjW­/jAa-" being "ery bot, warm, cold C.:r2f brd-bo (prov. ·bra~, Pur. -br'(l') buck-

wtIeal; bra,..W Lu., r)en &Ic. buck­wheat Bour; bra -lOg buek -wheat straw,servingall a poor sort offodder dtlring winter.

brag rock, brag "~}'Ium-pa a three-­5fT pointild rock; brag-did the middleheight of a rock, opp. to brag - ",)ug andrue its foot and top Cs. - brag-apda prob.an aromatic herb, used for incense Lt. ­brag.d-ibt beetling rock. - brag-rgydl fl

promiDeD~high lind preeipitoU5 rock, tower­iog rock. - brag-ea, -ea eeho; nlao fig.for something unsubstantial, shadowy, notuisting Mil. - brag-mjUg foot of a rockCa. - brng.pug roek..(;ILvern. - brameduM produced br bewing stooes Gir. ­-(fJwg.bAdit- _ pa-b6ri C.- brag-dmtfrtlameof a rock in or oear Lhasa, aHedged notto be identic witb rbnar-po-ri(&It.).--,,01rtlil-tca, 4ag-Mg-po- mite, tick IV. - brag­rlIdA rock·lizard. - brag-rtJi top of a rock.- brtJg-i:im mineral pitch, bitumen, is saidto cure feven! aDd even fractures. - brag­rl rocky hill. - brog-rid fan of a rock. ­brag-rdli chasm in a rock, raviDe. - brag­Jig v. brag-rlMl-bo..~. bran 1. resp. aku-brdn chest, breast, (cr.

t11i"'III11); bran rdli'Ji-ba to beat one'sbreast GIr.; -('-gu t/(I.Jj-la Cir-u lfylr-UO.V. to ClU'ry Il. child pressed against one'sbreast. - bran-kyid (?) lA. a high, pro­minent chest. _ brail-dltyfl middle of thebroost, cardiac region. - bran.lIWg Mil.prob. _ lkdg-ma. - bra7i·,,(·d.I &11. thed01"8a1 vertebrae opposite to the chest. ­-f!ali - kUd' string of the bran -/HI,. (-gtA",.lon, -goit), pellel.bow, a bow Curnisb.sd withtwo strings, to shoo' pellets or small skloe&,brait-rdi or -rdN, with it W. - .jha1f,..£Jt'

C. cardiac'regioll, pit of tbe stomach.­brail.tgr6 soake, serpeot (like llo-..tf"O). ­bra,;-bVr the middle CODTe. part of the nM­,.p Ma. - brrAii-faig l...A., prob. hettrt-bom­iog. - bra>i-(r).Ml C•. de..·.lap_ - brail­ZI MiL prob. breast-bone, steroum. - bra.....Wit. &11.. iame, geotle. - brait..",.. M«l.breast- booe. - -flail -ldg" W. the handscrossed 00 the breast.- braiwo Gir. breast,brisket of a butchered aoimal. - 2. alsoirari, ge:o. _brdiHa, eleg. ",li.·br,i" (q.v.),resp. 1=im-lmiri, b:ug.-brdti nighl-quarters,halting-place, whether under Il roof or inthe open air; p,lso Il.lI much Il.S slage (of ajoo.rney); bran-," odiW-pa Tar., prob. also"lxJr-a- W, to take up nigbt.qullrters;dwelling, particularly Po temporAry one, lodg­ings; but also II pennaneut abode, esl" ioU':; -(ldoi--.a t,h't-a, ydr-ce- to lake in, tolodge II. person over night W: (d. )'7Ia3 2).- brdli-fali, dwelling-hon~,dwellinj;-roomPth. - brari~ bouse-mate, bed-fellow.- braoi-dpdn ma.ster of the house, land­lord. - po-lJrdii v. Po; bla--brdil v.6/4.

~-2.' bra.oi-Jii Lu. _ bwi-oii.

~':r brdit.-pa ,... _brdil-pa.

~,f' !wa" 1. slave, servant, ".i-brdit 'Tir ttl"'­

::h nr.t' 8.g.; bran b#pa 10 be a serv­

ant., to serve Ct.; brd1Hlu .9!I"r-ba to be­come a sen-ant u.;·brdn-dw .t&-ba tomake another be a &en'ant, to use him tIS

a >.emlllt B.; brdua ","loba tAl ellgage apersOIl as a sen'aot, to get him to workfor Doe's self Glr.; brdn-du ItU-b!doi3-WPtk they promised tAl serve him; lu, ii"flyid f3um bmn-du p'ul-fe devoting heart,mouth, and body to his service Plh.; nwinub lto-g&.kyil bran-du ~ol morning andnight I am a sillve 10 food and clothingMiL; subject, one owing allegiance, -la­~-Ii gydl.-po-1a (jdn-!fUl-(f()- II. \'ilIngesnbject kI, belonging to, the kiog of LadnkW:; brdn..po se~lUIt., sla'e Tar.; brdn-1II()maid-servant, female slave; !wan-r&, !wa,,"1!JOg - bron; also collectively, sen-anl8,dom.tks, household. - 2. It'dwe, in ,be

compound fags-bran byed-pa to weave Mil.;

nye-/-</ Mil. set -no to be some decoration

<>t' the shoes; *itn-hr<in Mil. something si-

milar. -- $u-brdn Glr., and mho-bran??

\"J' brun-jni to pour out Tar.

y bmn -mo 1. v. bran 1. extr. 2.

also == *dan-tsos* W. finger, toe.

'CJ* brdb-pa v. Jbrdb-pa.

brdm-ze, from fl^p^ 1. Brahmin,Hindoo priest; brdm-ze-mo female

Brahmin; brdm-ze rig-bytd Odon-pai sgrathe voice of a Brahmin reciting the Vedas,

being taken as a sign of good luck; brdm-

ze-pa an adherent of Brahma. 2. a priest

in general S.O. (Ace. to Fouc. transl. of

Gyatch. 13 and 52 also = brahmana, the

theological part of the Vedas; this is how-ever against the tenor of the Tibetan text,

which requires the word to be taken in

the former sense.)

bral v. Obrdl-ba.

bri v. Obri-ba.

brid-pa 1. Sch. 'to continue, to reit-

erate, to repeat continually ;brid-la

yton-ba to give again and again'. 2. v.

J/rid-pa.

brid-bnd-pa Sch. id float, to move

confusedly, before one's eyes.

brid-rtsa Lt.1

brim(s) v. Obrim-pa.

^xr-bris v. Obi'i-ba; bris-sku, sku-bris pic-

ture of a saint, drawn or painted Cs.

-bris-Jbur the art of painting and carv-

ing images. bris -ma written book.

nag-bins a drawing 6s.; fson-btis a coloured

picture.

brit-ba v. Obru-ba.

bi*u-ba-fsd Lac. hunger.

, Q'*PT bw-zd or bni-M Wdk., prob.

NS' = gru-za and gru-sd l*t/i.,

Obru-Ml or Jbru-Ml Ld.-Glr. Schl. 19, b. 21,

a. name of a country to the west of Tibet,

bordering on Persia.

to flow, to stream, to gush

'*.; sbst. current, flow, flux <*.; tu

In-iiy-fni llowing-water /.

brun dirt, dung, excrements, mi-bntn,

Inja-brun, *braii-brim etc. feces of men,birds, flies etc. Med. and elsewh.

;>a.

frrw/ small particles, fritters, bits, crumbs,

N-> bay-l>rnl<

'. crumbs of bread; britl-ba

Mil., C. to fall, into an abyss Thg. ; to fall

off, fall out, fall down, of leaves, seeds etc.;

brul-bu, brul-lu = brul W.

brus v. bru-ba.

n- bre, *fle*, Sskr.^TJT, 1 . a measure for

dry things as well fluids, about 4 pints;

ace. to Cs; ^ of a Obo; br-bo ?*, breu ftin

large and small bre, 6s.; yser-pyg bre ganGlr. one (small) measure of gold-dust; bre-

do two measures; bre'-la -/so/'t that will justfill a bre Zam.; bres bsar-ba to measure

with a bre Lex. ; lha-Kan bre-fsad team biga miniature temple, not larger than a bre

Glr.; vulgo also that part of the Chod-rten,

which has the shape of a corn -measure;in a general sense, measure, bre-srdn ytdn-la Jbebs-pa Glr. to regulate measures and

weights. 2. *bre* Ld. Lh. *bre-se* Kun.

Ereniurus spectabilis, a plant of about a

man's height, belonging to the asphodels.

3. v. bre-ba.

'

bre-ko basin for washing'

bn'-ya medicinal herb: />/v'-$rtt,id.(perh.

the same plant) Med.

bt'c-ba v. Obre-ba; bUi-brt'; ku-br Sch.

capital, chapiter, upper part of a co-

lumn or pillar.

brfano Sch. unfit, useless, worthless;

brc-moi ytam Thtjy.

J" bri'gs-pa v. Obreg-pa.

bnht-ba v. Obrch-ba.

bred-pa to be frightened, afraid, in

fear = rtdb-pa\ B. and <'.; tbriil-

gyis df'taHS-siii bred-pa to be frightened bya snake Wdit., or bmi-cin c/a*-/vi IW.:

compound faga-brd,. byid-p4 to weave MiL;•~It Mil. seeDl!! to be lOme decorationof l~ sboelli flio..brd", Mil. IOIllet.hing ~i­

mil.... - bI.·&n;rt GIr., and ".t.o.6ni"'"~'1;r bru.••pa to pour out 1'a,..

:r\';if brtin-?/IQ l. v. bra" 1. e~tr. - 2.alliO _ -4an-tllA· IV. finger, toe.

:fl',q' brub-pa \' . .Imib-pa.

~'j3' Im;f/1 -::I, from J!1r1t 1. Brahmin,lIindoo priest; lminl-ze-mo (elDllle

Brahmin; brdm-zt "9'''# ~dtm-pai 'fP"athe voice of Ilo Brahmin reciting the Vedas,being taken as II. Si«D of good luck; br'tim­zt-po. an .dhueot of B....hma. - 2. a priestin ~Deral S.O. (Ace. to }o.,~. transl ofGyatd,. ]3 and 52 also - hrtiltttw,!", tbetheologK:al part. of the V~asi thi5 is bow­ner ~nst the tenor of the Tibetan text,which requires the word to be takeo inthe former sense.)

~. bral ". imil-bo..

~. hri v. •hri-lxI.

~~·tr b,id·pa 1. Sch. 'to continue, to reit-erate, to repeat continually; brid-fa

rtdn-lHl to gil'e agnin nnd again'. - 2. v..bri~.

~~'~"":J' brid-brid-po &". to float. to move... eonfusedly, before one', eyes.

~-·3 brid-_ Lt.•

~'1(")" brim(.) •. ;mo-po.~~ bm ,'• •bri-ba; brq-d~, J.:u-bri, pic.=! IIII"e of a saint, drawn or painted u.- btu-.bMr the art of painting and can'­ing images. - bri.·ma written book. ­1IafJ~n·. a dnlwing Ct,; f/SO,I-«f. a colouredpictu«.

:r=r lJrli..oa v. iru-oo.v=;r=r£' bru-ba-f,a J..,u. hunger,v=r-;r !T.a fwu,.M or bnt-Ju U'tlk., prob.;:j~lor:::::l" ,. d "'1"...... ...... - f!"l-." an fI"'-~ ....,.fwu..Jd1 or ~brN..jdll"d..-Glr. 41. )9, b. 21,.. aame of a country to the .....&5L of Tibet,bordering 00 Persia.

3R1

!l"1"'f ""na to 'ow, t. _ to ...~ CL; IIh5t. CWTtnt, ftow, "- (4.: 1.britrrpo 1I.0",ing-",atu J..u.

;:1'1 brain dirt, clung, tICf'MMftIt, -Hri...'" bya-brV,., tbra,,-/rilt eu. fecel of De.tI,

bird.., Oies etc. Mtd. and elee1l'h.

S"!.'f, S'l,,:r ......po,""........bn.J>...... ...... 1~'

~--l' brul small particles, fritters, bib, cnlmbs,...... bag-brul C crumb~ of bread; brWl-baMil., C. to fall. into an 1L1ly" TIorJ.; to f.1Ioff, ftlll out, ftlll down, of!eaYea, !oMdsetc.;~l-buJ brNl-lu _ l,n,l IV.

=3~ br'III v• •brl..-ba.vS- iHY, ·tlt', SJ:r. ~, I. a ~ure for

dry thiogs u wel111uids, about. pin"';~. to Ci; n of a.fKJi bri-bo It, Iwftl c.-.I~e and !IIIall brt, w.: pir-py, brY 1"'iGlr. one (small) measure of gold-dustj Iwr­do t ..·o metLSur6; brMa rio,j that will justlHl a brt Mm.; brtl !Hat' - ba to meuurewit.ll 1\ bre Lu.; lIIa-l!a;' In.,..fMd tlQm :it;l'I miniature temple, not IlI.'W'r than " br,Gi,..; \'ulgo also thM p.rt of the C"oo-I'ten,which hilS tile shape of a corn-llIeasure;in n p;eneral sense, measure, lwe-wtLi rtd~la "bRJt-.pa GIl'. to rtgulate metl~ure. LIIdweights. - 2. "brl!" J.d. 1.11. "lw-r K,,/II.,Eremurus spedahilis, • plLllt of about amll.n's height, bdooging to the asphodels.- 3. v. brt-ba.

-: brY-J.:o basin for wubing C.,~~ medicinal t1en;brJ.gw,id.(llCrb.

the same plant) .11«1.S'.::r bd-ba v. "brNM; bW-bd, la-bti Sdi.

capita~ chapiter, uPI)Cr part. of a (:0­

lurnn or pillar.S'jf bri-t>1O $cA. unfit, lIStless, worthless;bri-1twi ftalll TI"}!I'

~"i''f'r "",,-po •. •"IrJ-pa·~:.:r bMi-ba \'. "bdit-OO.,2l-'.:.r brid-pa to be frightened, afnilt, in... fur - rtdb-p4'-, n. and c.; J.""","~ dHtuiHi"~ 1.0 be frightened bra .oak.. U'"-l 01'" 6rWI~ JM......,.. JU.;

382

brd-bafibla

bdbd-kyis bred-na if you are afraid of the

devil Glr. ; bred- foms Lecc.-, *dhe'-po* fear-

ful, frightful, terrible C.

^p.._. brel-ba I. vb. (not the same as Jbrel-

ba) 1. to be employed, busy, engaged,

to have business or work on hand, ned mJcar-

las-kyis brel nas Ion mi Odug being engagedin building, we have no time to spare Mil.;

Odod K6-nas brel-na if one is entirely taken

up with lust and pleasure; *dhe-rin nd-la

dhel-wa yo\ san-nyin sog* to-day I have

a great deal to do, come to-morrow 6'.;

brel-bas on account of much business DzL

2. synon. with p'dns-pa to be poor, to

be without, wanting, destitute of, c. instrura.:

Ions-spyod-kyis brel-ba Dzl. ^,7; more

frq. with a negative: cis kyan mi brel-bar

byds-so they did not let him want anything

DzL 7$, 17, Sch.; Ofso-bai yo-bydd-kyis mi

brel-bar abounding in every necessary of

life DzL ?xSxS, 3 (ace. to a better reading) ;

combined with another word: pdns-brel-te\

brel-pon-med-cin Dzl., mi brel-bar not

sparingly, scantily, niggardly, e.g. to bestow

Dzl. frq. II. sbst. 1. C. and B., a being

engaged in a multiplicity of business v. 1,1.

- 2. W.: business, affair, concern, *nd-la

del - wa zig yod* I have some particular

business, concern, suit; *cjel-wa ci yod*

what do you want, what are you about,

what are you doing there?

. bres 1., W. also bres-kyu manger; rta-

bres manger for horses. 2. v. bre.

3. v. Obre-ba.

bro 1. oath, bro -fsdl-ba to take an

oath(?) Pth.j bro Jbor-ba id., dbu-bsnyundan bro bor - ro Glr. they swore by their

heads, nif. 2. dance, bro skrdb-pa Lex.,

Jcrdb-pa Mil., brdun-ba Glr., resp. zabs-bro

mdzdd-pa Mil. to dance, leap, gambol, as

amanifestation of gladness and mirth, whilst

gar byed-pa is a regular kind of dancing,

with gentle and waving motions of the body;rna-bro drums and dancing Glr. ; bro-mfcan

Cs. dancer. 3. Pur. bro v. brd-bo. -

4. v. bro-ba. 5. bro-ndd Lex., Mil. and

elsewh.; Sch. 'an epidemic disease'; bro-

Qfsdl Sch. 'cold (in the head), cough, catarrh;'

Tar.: pdgs-pa lo man-por sku-bro Ofsal-te;

Mil.: sin-tu bro- fsdl-bar gyur-nas.

bro-ba, I. vb. 1. to taste, to smell, vb.

a. &n.; ynyid kyan mi bro-bas, not

even enjoying (tasting) sleep DzL; Jcd-ro

skyd-ba bro one has an astringent taste in

the mouth Med.; spos bro-o it smells of in-

cense DzL; dri-ysun zim-pa bro-o it has a

pleasant smell DzL -- 2. C. to desire, to

wish,=

Odod-pa, blo-bro-ba id.; nu brd-ste

being about to weep Mil. II. sbst. taste,

savour, flavour, col. bro -blag (*clob -lag*),

Idn-fsa Ka-zds kun-gyi bro-ba skyed salt

imparts flavour to any kind of food S.g. ;

bro ltd-ba or myoh-ba, col. *dob-lag nyan-ce* W. to taste, to savour; to try the taste;

bro-ba-can Cs.,*dob- lag-can* W. savoury,

pleasing to the organs of taste, exciting

the appetite; bro-(ba-)med tasteless, in-

sipid 6s.

bro-ma v. gro-ma.

""brog-zu v. prog-zu.

^brod, bro-ba, taste (zim-po) *dho'-

cen* C., *dod-can* W., well-tasted,

savoury; *(]ho' cem-po* C. of a strong,

powerful taste.

Hr-T brod-pa joy, joyfulness, brod-pa skyed-

^n pa Mil; dga-brdd id. C'.; ci-brod

readiness to die Mil. Here may be quoted

also drod 2 and 3.

*

brob, brol v. Obrdb-pa, Obrdl-ba.

- bros 1. v. bro 5; bros-febs Sch. -

2. v. Obros-pa.

q.bla I. the space over, above a thing,

^chiefly occurring in compounds; bld-na

above Lex.; bla-na-med-pa, ^SRTT^ having

nothing higher over it, the upper-most, the

very highest, e.g. byan-cub, ses-rdb and

the like frq ; bla-na-med-pai lam, bla-med-

rdo-rjeifeg-pa,=sndgs-kyi lam, the mystical

method, v. mdo 3; sd-bla, above the earth,

above ground, opp. to sa-sten, sa-^og uponand under the earth. Generally fig. : superior,

better, preferable, ban-mdzod ston yan blao

then even an empty treasury is preferable

Dzl.\ commonly with the pf. root of a vb.:

382~r.l.l'.q' bril-ba

bdUd-kyi, bTid--na if you are afraid of thedevil Gir.; bred-o(o~ Lu.; °4J.e'-po° fear­ful, frightful, terrible C.Q~'.::r brel·ba ]. vb. (not the same ns .bril-

ba) L to be employed, busy, engaged,to have business or work on hand, ,;ed 'IIIJlar~

la8-kyi3 brd 'la, Ion mi .dug being engagedin building, we have no time to spare Mil.;.dod R6-1laa bTil-na if ODe is entirely tnkenup with lust :md pleasure; °dlle-rih lid_Iar!hel--u;a W', ,wi-l1yin logO to-dny I Imvon great deal to do, come to·morrow C.;brif,..baB on aecount of lUuch business D::l.- 2. synou. with p'd/i,·pa to be poor, tobe without, wanting, destitute 01, c· instruro.:101i.-spyod-1yi. brei-ba D::l. :7~~, 7; morcfrq. with a negati\'f~: en J.:yan 'IIli brll-barbydHo they did not let him WRIlt RD)'tbiogD::l. 7~, 17, Scll.; .(w-bai yo-blJdd-1:yi. mibril-bar abouudillg in every Ilecessary oflife D=l. :?&5,3 (acc. to a better readillg);combined with another word: pdlis-brel-te;In'rl-ioil -mld- tin Dzl., fiji brel- bar notsparingly, scnntily, niggardly,e.g. to bestowDzl. frq. - II. shst. 1. C. and 11., a beingengaged in a multiplicity of business v. I,!.- 2. IV.: business, affair, concern, -'id-la{ftl- wa zig yotI" I hrwe some particularbusiness, concern, suit; -(1tl-u:a ci yod"wbnt do you want, what are you about,wbat are you doing tbere'1~~. bres 1., W: also bris-kyu manger; rta­

br;' manger for }JOrses. - 2. v. bn.- 3. v. obl-e-ba.f bro 1. oath, bro -(sdl- ba to take all

oaLb(?) Pth., bTO obdr-ba id., dbu-b,nyull.da'i bro lxJ.r - ro Glr. they swore by theirbends, ni £. - 2. dance, b,V) d:rab-pa w.,Ilrdb-pa Mil., brd,ui-ba Glr., resp. zabJ-b"dmdzdd-pa },fil. to dnnce, leap, gnmbol, usamanifestationof gladness and mirth, whilstgar byed-pa is a regulur kind of dancing,with gentle nnd waving mouons ofthe body;r'ia-brd drums und duncillg Glr.; brd-mJ.'anC'8. dancer. - 3. Pur. b,oo v. brd-bo. ­4. v. brd-ba. - 5. bro-ndd Lu., Mif. andelsewh.; &h. 'an epidemic disease'; bro­_(Rul &h. 'cold (in the bead), cougp,calarrhj', .,

ar bfa

Tar.: pU!Jw-pa to mali.pOl· M-,vbro o(Jol-wi

Mil.: M~tu bro-,,4';f-bar gyur."as.~=r brd·ba, 1. vb. I. to tasle, to smell, \'b.

n. & n.; )'1lyid k!lan mi brd-ba', note,'en enjoying (tasting) sleep D::I.; fd-rosbJd-ba b,oo one has an astringent taste inthe mouth Mtd. j s['O$ brv-o it smf!lls of in­ccnse Dzl.; dri-r"oi ~III-pa bro-o it has "pleasant smell D::l. - 2. C, to desire, towish, "" "dJd-pa, bld-bro-ba id.; nu brQ...sf'beillg auout to weep .MiL - n. sbst. laste,savour, flavour, col. b''f)-bldg (\lob-ld!J*),ldn-fsa J.'a·ztk kim-gyi brd-ba sJ..1J«l saltimparts flavour to uuy kind of food S'9';UIOO l/d-ua or m!JO,i-ba, col. -(1ob-lay "yan­a" lV. lO taste, to savour; to try the bSle;brd-ba-tall Cs., -lj.db-wu-i:an- W. savoury,pleasing to the organs of tasle, excitingthe llppetite; UI'O - (ba- )med tasteless, in­sipid C'8.

~~. Ur6...ma v. gro-ma.

r"l'I!\' b'0·'" v. prog.'u.~.1rod, _ brd-ba, taste (Zim-po) -1/,(/-

'1 een- C, -I/dd.- can- lV., well.tasted,savoury; *411!/ ebu-po- C of 0. strong,llowedul taste,£f".q. brdd-pa joy, joyfuiliess, bl'Jd.pa skytd-

'1 pa Mil.; dya-brdd id. C.; Ci-brMreadiness to dieMil.- Here may be quotedalso drod 2 and 3.

~', f..r brob, brol \'. "brrih-pa, obrdUo.

;r~' bros 1. \'. bro 5; b,.os - feln Sch. -2. v. obrm-pa.

:§l' bta J. the spa.ce over, above a thing,(' chiefly occurring in compounds; bid·naabove Lu.; bla-l1a-med-pa,~, bayingnothing bigbt'r o\'er it, the upper-most, tilevery highest, e.g. b!Jail-cUb, .1n-rdb andtbe like frq ; bla-fw-mU-pai lam, bla-med­rdo-ryeiflg-pa, =' ',idfP-~!Jiw,,~ tbe mysticalmethod, \'. nulQ 3; 'd-bla, above tbe earth,above ground, opp. to 'a-sUn, sa-..OU uponand undt'f theenrtb. Generally fig.: superior,belter, preforable, bail-mdz&l ,toil !Jali blaotilen e\'en an empty treasury is prefernbleD;d.; commonly witlt the pLroot of a vb.:

lla

& jws Xya// A/o /Jc/. then I will ratlin-

die; less frq. with na\ li-nayan blai since

even death is to be preferred Dzl.; frq. it

may be rendered by 'may1

, rni/dl-lxir t/i/ur

kym'i l>l(i<> then may rather . . . gain the

virtry (than that I should . ..) Dzl.', also

pleon.: kyod mig-gis mi mfon i/nii l>l<ti be

it that you do not see it (it is of no con-

sequence whether you see or not) Dzl. %?&, 7.

In the passage Tar. 123,8 bla seems to

stand as an adv. for 'very', Schf.

Comp. bla-gdb, bla-c/os ( W. vulgo *tsd-

ihir, tsd-sar*)=

yzdn-gos, upper garment,

cloth, servinglndians, and occasionally also

Tibetans as a covering,=

toga, i(iaiiov\

bla-gab prdg-pa ycig-tu yzdr-ba to throw

the toga over one shoulder, frq.; bla-yab-

med-pa, 1. without upper garment Dzl.

2. having no wish, no desire, free from

passion (?) bla-bre, also bla-re, canopy,

dais Dzl. and elsewh. bld-ma ^rfT ! tne

higher, upper, superior; bid-mar byed-pa to

esteem highly, to honour, syn. to bkiir-sti

byed-paDoman, Tar. ; the exactgramm atical

explanation of mii bld-mai cos-kyi co- p'i"ul

Dzl. VyC, or of the similar passage mii cos

bld-mai rdzu- priil Burn. 1, 164, offers some

difficulties, although it is evident, that J3wrn.

has hit the sense better than Sch. Of later

date is the signification: 2. the superior, i.e.

spiritual teacher, father confessor, ap[,with

the genit. of the person Pth.; in a more

gen. sense: ecclesiastic, priest, 'Lama' Thgr.,

Pth.', in East. Tib. a title designing a high

eccles. degree, something like 'D.D.' v.

Desg. 247, 371;bla-mcod for bld-ma dan

mcod-ynds ecclesiastic and sacrificing priest,

whether it be one and the same person,

or two different individuals Pth., Mil.; bla-

(ma-}cen(-po) chief Lama. Grand-Lama. -

bla-brdh resp. for dwelling-room or house

of a Lama or Lamas, whilst yzini-kdit, p'o-

brdh are the resp. expressions for secular

dignitaries. bla-slob, bld-ma daii dob-

ma, the Lama and his disciple Sch. sinnn-

gyi-bla v. sman.

II. Sch. 'soul, life'; ace. to oral expla-

nations: 1. strength, power, vitality, e.g. in

food, scents etc., just Iike6n/

power of blessings, like yyuit, e.g. ViIlli-ld 1(1

I'l't/l-flOnil <lu<l ,

,

'

no ltli-in<: attends a contemner if tin- law.

3. an object with which a person's life

is ominously connected; thus very com-

monly bin -^ lit a tree of fate (gen. a juniperor in W. a willow-tree, ral-lctin\ planted

at a child's birth; rgydl-poi bla-gyu the

king's turkois of life Glr.; bla-ddr a little

flag on the house-top, on which benedictions

are written; bla ynds the omen is lasting,

propitious, nyams it is vanishing, fore-

boding danger; so prob. also Dzl. 3, 17,

where it is not at once equivalent to 'soul*

(Sch.).-

III. frq. incorr. for sla. IV. in some

combinations it has a signification not yet

accounted for, e.g. bla rdol-ba Sch. to

find fault with, to blame, abuse, without a

reason; bla-fse(?) Lex.

bla-gdb, go* v. bla I.

bla-cen. -mtod v. bld-ma

sub Wai.

bla-ynydn Med.f

bla-fdbs Lex.

n.- .bla-ddgs Gram.; Sch.: 'a primitive

word, an abstract noun'.(?)

bld-na v. bla I.

bld-bor Sch.: 'well! that may be! so

much the better!'

'^" bla-brdn v. bld-ma sub bla I.

blu-fsd, gla-fc> Sch.: here-'

ditary portion, inheritance.

bla-yyii, jj$ W-*//i v. bla 11.

rvSy.

"

bla-rc v. bla-brt sub bla I.

blag 1. sub bde-bldy q.v.-

btso-blag q.v.

j.bldg-pa 1. pf. blag*, md-ba blag-

pa = rnd-ba ytdil-pu Is.r. : to incline

one's ear to, to lend one's ear. to listen to

(bldg-pa not by itself Ho hear' (a.)

fu o1Xl. 17lail blllO JJ:I. then I will I'll.ther(lie; less frq ..... ith na: ii-lIll ywj blai sincee"en death is to be prefclTetl JJzl.; fNI. itmay be rendered by 'may', 'yydl-6w' !/Yllrkymi bfllO theu may l'nther gAin the"ictor)' (thlln tlilit I should ) Dz/.; nlsoplcun.: k!jOO JIIig-gi. 11Ii m(o,; !Jill' blai boit that you do not soc it (it is of no con­sequence whether you see or not) D:l.~)e,7.In the pnssnge 7'01'. 123,8 bta ~ecDiS t.osland as I'll l\dv. for 'rery', &llf -

Compo blll"'fldh, bla1/O, (lV. vulgo ·t3a­dtlr, tllj~al'·)'" p:dn-!JfU, upper gllrment,eloth, serving IndifUls, find occa~ionnll)' alsoTibetans AS tl cO\'cring, - togn., lj/(lww;bIa-gab prdg-pa f/:i9-tll yzdr-ba to throwthe togl\ over one slloulder, frq.; bIll-gab­7IIffl - pa, I. without upper gt'lrment Dd.2. htl\"ing no wish, no desire, frce fromlll\SSion(i') - bla-bl'~, also bIll-", CRnopy,dAis Dzl. and clsewh. - bia-tIIa~, j. thehigher, upper, superior; bid_mar byM.-pa toesteem highly, to honour, syn. to bkUr_~ti

byM.-paDoma,i, Tat'.; the extletgrnmmaticalexplanation of mii bld-~tai Cd3-kyi Co-opnHDzl. YL, or of the similar passage mii ro.bla-mai rdzu-op/'HI Burn. I, 164, offers somedifficulties, allhough itise\;dent, tllatlJut'n.lItIS hit the sense better thnn &11. Of lAterdate is dIe signification: 2. the superior, i.e.~piritual teacher, fnther confesoror, ~, withthc Renit. of the person 1M.; in n moregen. sense: ecclesiastic, priest, 'lama' rl.gr.,/'tIl.; in East. Tib. a title designing 1\ higheccles. degree, something like 'D.O.' v.Desg. 247,871; blo.-'JIICdd for btd-lIIa Jan1>lcod-YIl(;~ ecclesiasticnnd slIcrifieing pricsI,whethcr il. be one ,uld the slime pcr"on,or two different indi\'iduals Pth., Mil.; bill­(ma-)Nn(-po) chiellama, Grand·lama. ­bill-brdii resp. for dwelling-room or houseof "J""ma or Laml\S, whilst y::im-l.'dti, Jh­bl'all are the resp. expressions for seculardignitAries. - bfu-.idb, bid-lila da,j .ldb­fila, the I,amn and his disciple &li. - BUl/nl­

gyi-bla v. ~man. -II. &/1. 'soul, life'; ace. to orlll expla­

nations: I. strength, power, vitalily, e.g. iu

food, seent8Ctc., ju~tlike bCwd. - 2. bJeuing,power of blessings, like )'!J«';, e.g. ·(i"....".,mi-la la ChiliXl mi duV _ yUH nti lal.! C.,no blessing attends a oonlenmer of the I.......- 3. an object with ....·hieh • person'lf lif,is ominously connecte<l; thus very eo..­monly lila-liti a tree of fate (gen. ajuniperor in IV. /I. willow-tree, ral-leJti), plantedlit a child's bil1h; r!Jydl-J'oi lM.-gyiI thekinj:\"s turkois of life Gir.; bla.Jdr a littU!fiag on thc 110U~Il, on wllieh benedictiollllare written; bla ynd. the omen is lASting,propitious, nyaTll~ i~ is vll.ni~hing, fore­boding dlwger; so prob. also D::l. ~,17,where it is UOt lit ol\ce equivalent to 'IOUI'($<1•.). -

III. frq. incorr. for .la. -IV. in somecombinMions it 118S a signification not )'etaccounted for, e. g. btu nMl- ba &4. tofind fault with, 10 b1nlUe, abuse, 'I\·ithout ..reason; b[a...(u(?) Lu.

P.J~', ~". blo.-gdb, !J08 v. bla I.

~.~. ~~. bla-cill, -mlQd \'. b«J-7nar.:, subblaI.

al'~~ bla-rnydn MI!d.1

ar~~ bia-fab. J..u.

~'-::n~r bfa-Juga Gram.; &4.: 'n primitivef:!~ 'I" word, au nbStTftCtIlOun'.(?)

g6j hid-l1a ". bia I.

~?!~. bld-bor &A.: 'well! that ml\Y be! sof:! -;"'\ much the better!'

a1'~' bla-bl'(j,i v. bid-IIIQ sub bin I.

:::rCl"t ::rrCl'~"; bia-f~ !Jla-{$<) &4.: he....I:l" , r.:.l 'ld:) ditary portion, inheritance.

f.j'~ lila-y!!", ti-tF· bill";"" \'. blo 11.

a1'';'' bla-ri ". bfa-bioi sub bin I.

~::n' bfag I. sub !xU-hld!J q. v. - 2. Iiubf:!'1 bw-blag q. ".

g~T~' hld!J-pa I. I,f. ~1atJ', m-bil. bll!g­r.: 1)(1 _ l'lllj.ha )·Wd-pll l~.: to inclineone's ear to, 10 lend one's ear, to lillen 10(bl.4u - J'11..,Pfl by itself 'to hear' (.~.) -

384

bldh-ba

2. mci-ma blag -pa to shed tears. 3. in

blag -pa med-pa, the free translation of

Burn. \,309 takes it in the

signification given by Sch. to bde-bldg, and

explains it by 'bare of every convenience

or comfort'.

bldn-ba v. len-pa.

bldd-pa to Chew, secondary form to

Iddd-pa Lex.

bldn-pa=

gldn-pa Cs.

blar, frq. incorr. for slar.

j- blu-ba, pf. blus, to buy off, to ransom,

to redeem, mi de blu-ru ytdn-ba to

pay in order to redeem a man, to pay as

a ransom for him Glr.; pug-ron-gyi srog

blus he redeemed the life of the dove Dzl.;

Odt-dag-gis rgyal-poi mgo blu-o therewith

1 will redeem the king's head Dzl.;to re-

cover, to redeem, yte-ba, a pawn, pledge,

security C.] blu-rin the money or price paidfor the redeeming of persons or goods,ransom.

blug-pa v. Idug-pa.

blugs-sku molten image; blugs-pdr

casting-mould; blugs-ma cast metal,

statues, relievos (cf. Obur-bd)] blugs-yzdr,

dgdn-blugs v. yzar; yd-blugs urn-shapedvessel for pouring out tea etc.; spyi-blugs

v. spyi-bo sub spyi] mar -blugs oil-pitcher.

blud-pa 1. vb. Idud-pa. 2. sbst.

to blu-ba, release, ransom, redemp-

tion Sch. - - blud-bu v. rlud-bu.

ax-n- blun-pa dull, stupid; stupidity, foolish-

x> ness; blun-po stupid, foolish; fool,

idiot; blun-po la -Id . . . Odzin some fools

consider it . . .; blun-poi lugs foolery, fool's

opinion, fool's wisdom, expressions frq. used

in scientific works to defeat antagonistic

views; dge-ba mi byed-pai mi ni blun-po

yin the man without virtue is a fool; Odod-

yon-la cags sin-tu blun to be given to lust

is folly Pth.; byol-soh-pyugs-pas blun more

stupid than a beast Mil.; blun-ytam, blun-

fsig foolish talk, foolery; Hun-dad super-stition Mil. (cf. dnos-dad).

blus v. blu-ba; blus-ma ransom Cs.

bio I. rarely blo-ba mind ( Was.

1. the intellectual power in man, under-

standing, m/cds-pai bio dan Iddn-pa Dzl.,

bio rno-ba Glr. talented, gifted; bio cdn-po

(cun-hu) of great (small) mental abilities

C.;

bio ysdl -te of a clear understanding,

sharp-witted Dzl.:, ses-pai bio sagacity, in-

telligence, judgment Dzl.; blo-rgyd Sch.

comprehensive intellectual power; blomyur-zin being of quick comprehension, sharpDzl.- blo-rdb,

-Obrin, -dman-pa of sound,

moderate, weak intellects or mental faculties

Mng., the last expression is frq. used in

modestly speaking of one's self Glr. and

elsewh.; blo-yimun-pa intellectual darkness,

a darkened mind Glr.;

bio -bag narrow-

minded, weak in intellect Sch. ; Jcyod ni bio

nor-ro you are mistaken; blos-lcogs-pa 'to

be competent in mind or judgment' Sch.;

blo-na-Jbab'-l understand'$cA.(?) 2. mind,

thought, memory, cos dan yi-ge-la bio jug-

pa to direct one's thoughts to religion and

to learning to read Glr.; bio -la sbyor-bato impresss on the mind, to inculcate Glr.]

bid-la bzugs-pa what is retained by, treasured

up in the memory Tar.; blo-la bzun-ba to learn

by heart Glr., W.: *loa or lo-na zum-ce* ;

bio -fag -cod v. sub tag -pa I. -- 3. mind,

sentiment, disposition (here in part= yid\

bld-la d6d-pato desire; bio Odun-pa interest,

concern, v. Odun-pa; mcod-pa byed-pai bio-

can de he that has a mind, is disposed, to

sacrifice Dzl.; ran bde-bar Odod-pai bio med-

par without any regard to his own welfare

Thgy. ; bio nye-ba friendly sentiment;also :

kindly disposed Glr.; sddn-bai bio a hating

mind, malevolent disposition Lt.;

bio gro-

ba Sch.: 'to get soft, moved, touched, sad',

ace. to a native authority : to be agreeablyaffected by; bio mfun-pa to be of the same

mind, like-minded, with supine also: to

agree Glr.] perh. also: to be unanimous,

peaceable, on friendly terms Sch.; Kyed-kyi

bio dan mfun-pa agreeably to your wish

Mil.;blor ma son Sch. 'the mind could not

take it in' Tar. 51,7, Schf. : 'it did not please

384 • a1c;'.q' bldJi-ba

<) rnli-ma bldg-pa 10 shed tears. - 3. inbldg - pa mM - pa, the free translation of~1!' Burn. J, 309 takes it in thesignification given by &11. to bde-bldg, andexplains it by 'bare of every com'enienccor comfort',

~'.::r bldlj-ba v. Un-pa,

J;:!::;:-'f bldd-po. to chew, se<londary form toI:t 1 lddd-pa u.r.~"l' bldn-pa - gUn-pa w.at.::: biar, irq. iocotr. for flar.

5!.:r bllWa, pr. UU$, 10 buy off, to ransom,~ to rt!deem, mi de bLU-ru fuhi-ba topay in order 10 redeem a man, 1.0 pay as,\ ransom for him Gir.; rJug-ron~!li 8/'Q[!

Mus lIe redeemed the life of the dove D=l.;odi-da9-Vi3 r,'Iyal-p<ti m90 bi«-/') therewithI will redeem tIle king's head D!l.; to re­cover, to redeem, rti-ba, a pawn, pledge,security C.; blu·''in the money or price pnidfor the redeeming of persons or goods,ransom.

~~"r blug-po. v. ldug-pa.

~.~. blUg8-8l..'U molten image; bWfJa- pdr...... ...... casting.mould;blug"..macast metal,statues, N!lievos (cf. oour-ba); blu!p-pdr,dga,l-biug' v. rzar; jd-Uuga urn-shapedvessel for pouring out tea ete.; ap!Ji-blugav. 'pgi-bosub spyi; mdr-bb~!la oil-pitcher.5\..."1. blitd-pa 1. \·b. Idud-pa. - 2. sbst.!(;1 to Mu.ba, N!lease, ransom, redemp­tion &11. - blud·!Ju v. rli«Uu.~·tr blim-pa dUll, stupid; stupidity, foolish·...... ness; blufJ- po stupid, foolish; foo~

idiot; blim-po la-ld ... odzin some foolsconsider it ... j bill/i-poi lug, foolery, fool'sopinion, fool's wisdom, expressionsfrq. usetIin scientific works to defeat antagonisticviews; dgl-ba mi b!JMpai mi ni blim.poyin tlJC man without virtue is a fool; odod­y6n.lo cags Ain-tu blurt to be given to lustis folly Pth.; b1JOl-8();,..pyufP-par biun morestupid tban a beast MIl.; blun-yta"" Wm­kif] foolish talk, foolery; bl(m-dad super-stitiou Mil. (cf. dliO$--dad). "'

a;~' Uua v. blu.ba; blia·ma ransom L:,.~Z bW 1. rarely bl6-ba mind (Was. 3141l'1f\{)

1. the intellectual power in man, under­standing, mllds-pai bto dali lddn-pa Dd.,blo rna-ba Glr. talented, gifted; hlo cen-po(CU;'./ilt) of great (small) mcntal abilitiesC.; blo yaul- U of n clear understanding,sbaTlJ-witted Dzl.; sn-pal' blo sagacity, in­telligence, judgment Dd.; blo - rflYd &h.compreiJensiwinteliectual power; btom!Jur­Jd,i being of quick comprehension, sharpD::t.; blo-rdb, ·obri,i, -dmdn-pa of souDd,modernte, weak intcllects or mental fucultiesMilg., the last eXIJression is frq. used inmodestly spooking of one's self Gll'. andelscwh. ;bid-yim(m-pa intelleotual dnrkness,a darkened mind Glr.; blo - bdg narrow­minded, weak in intellect &h.; J..'yad ni hlon6r-ro you nre mistaken; blo&-lMga-pa 'tQ

be competent in mind or judgment' &h.;lM-na·obab'l understand' &11. (?) - 2. mind,thought, memo,"" ~ dmi "fJille-w blc jitg-­pa to direc~ one's thoughts to religion lindto leuming to read Glr.; hld·la sbydr-bato impresss on tbe mind, w inculcate Glr.;lM-la bzu[j'-pa whntisretained by, treasuredup in tbe memoryTar.;bl6-labztin-ba to learnby heart Glr., W: -loa or M-na .;:um-M';blo-fag-c6d v. sub fdg.pa I. - 3. mind,sentiment, disposition (bere in part = yUl),bld-laod6d-pa to desire j bW oditn--po interest,coneern, v. odim.pa; m&x1--pa byld-pai bM­can de he that has a mind, is disposed, tosacrifice D.;:l.; ran lxM-bar oddd-pai blc med­par without any regard to his own welfareTlIgy.; bio nye-ba friendly sentiment j also:kiDdly disposed Glr.; fddli-bai blo a. hatingmind, malevolent disposition Lt. j blo gr6­ba Selt.: 'to gct soft, mO\'ed, touched, sad',nee. to a native authority: to be agreeablyaffected by; blo mfun-pa to be of the samemind, like-minded, with supine also: t.oagree Glr.; perb. also: to be unanimous,pelU:cable, Oil friendly terms &h. j llyed-k!Jiblo dan mfun-pa agreeably to your wishllJil.; blor ma so,i &h. 'the mind could nottake it in' Tm'. 51,7, Scll/: 'it did not please

- > -

B85

me, I could not reconcile myself to it'; *blo

skytl-ba* W., *XW-/,a* G, JW-ia 6i.(?), to

rely, to depend upon, />(<> </>'/ -/>a i<. hope>''/-. (the correct spelling as yet doubtful);/'A ytdn-ba to give up, resign entirely, to

ri>k, \rntiire, e.g. rdii-yi sroy Glr., Mil.,

/>l<> tpdn-bOf id. Mil.; *fse- di lu-tdii* monk'

'. ; +"-<'(iy bios ma tdris-par as she was so

much attached to us Mil. ; rail -bios ma fons-

fxi a man attached to himself, in love with

himself; bio yt6d-pa Schr. to trust, confide

(cf. compounds); dd-las bio zloy-pa Thyy.,

to subtract, to draw off, divert, dissuade

from;

bio brid-pa to deceive, impose upon,cheat Glr. (blo-yi bday 'conscience' Sch.,

ace. to Schr. not an authenticated expres-

sion).

Comp. blo-Kog-ce confident, courageous,

intrepid, undaunted. blo-yrds sense, in-

tellect, understanding; blo-gros-kyi Us-byawhatistobe discerned by the understanding;

blo-yros dan Iddn-pa, blo-gros-can sensible,

judicious (of persons), blo-yros cen-po C. of

much sense, of an excellent understanding,

cun-nuC.,zdn-paMil.of[itt\e understanding;

blo-yros-med unintelligent, injudicious; blo-

yros -ryyal-po n. of a medicinal plant,=

smug-cun Wdii. bio-can having mind,

sense; byis-pai bio-can having the mind or

sense of a child, thinking like a child Cs.;

having a mind, v. above mcod-pa byi'd-

pai bid - can de. --blo-nyes ill -meaning,

malicious Glr. --blo-ytdd, blo-ydeh hope,

confidence, assurance, bddy-yi blo-yddn su-

la Oca in whom am I to place my confi-

dence. blo-ydeii cds-la byed-pa Glr.' W.:

*lor-tdd or lo-ddn co-ce, kyel~ce(s}*, c. la.

blo-rtog prob.=

blo-yrds, blo-rtdy fa-ddd-

pa Pth. people of different mental abilities.

- blo-stobs 1. C., W. courage. '2. W., ge-

nerosity, magnanimity, or perh. also equani-

mity, self-command, e.g. if a person remains

kind and forbearing towards disobedient

servants. -- bio - fdbs counsel, expedient,

bio -tabs tsol-baMa. -- blo-bde cheerful,

happy. blo- dod covetous, greedy. lla-

ma 1. bld-sna man-ba Glr. was explained

by our Lama: having manifold thoughts.

being restless, flighty, giddy. 2. W. din-

110- it ion, turn of mind, *lo-na rin-mo* slow-

ness, irresolution, also longsuffering, *lo~na'*

resoluteness, determination, prompt-

ness, both also adj.: slow, irresolute, and:

resolute, determined etc. blo-mld inju-

dicious, foolish Cs. (Dzl. 7LJ^ 18 makes no

sense, there being prob. an error in the

text. The translation of Sch. seems to be amere conjecture). blo-bzdn 'sound sense',

col. *'lob-zan'*, a very common name of

persons.- - blo-Md Sch. 'memory, intellec-

tual power'.-- blo-stms mind, soul, heart,

blo-sems-bde blo-bdt Mil. blo-bsdm in-

tellect; W. : *lo-sdm mtd-Kan* foolish, one

not knowing what he is about.

II. frq. incorr. for glo.

bld-ba I. vb. to be able = pod-pa\ Kyodmi 16-na if you cannot; *di mi lo* that

you cannot (dare not) do, prob. only W.

vulg. II. sbst. = bio, frq. used by MiLfor the sake of the rhythm.

bio-bur glo -bur sudden, suddenly;

Hyed dd-ltar-gyi dad-pa bid-bur yin

thy present faith is new, but just sprung

up in thee Mil.; mi-spyod blo-bur-du ^yur

the conduct of men suddenly changes Ma..* bldn-mo,for Ion-mo, bones or knuckles

used as dice Mil.

blon ]. Lex. = pros, bldn Odtbs-pa to

give advice, to counsel; '*.: to make

arrangements- - 2. v. the following.

Hr-^r blon-po officer (prop, counsellor), any

magisterial officer of higher rank;

blon-po dan bans commanding and obeying,

higher officers and subalterns Glr.; more

particularly minister (of state); blon(-po)

cen(-po) Glr., blon-po bkd-la yt6g*-pa Glr.,

more commonly bka-blon(-po), high officer

of state, minister, governor; Krim*-bl6n mi-

nister ofjustice, officer ofjustice; rgyal-blon

king and minister, also = council, privy-

council, Glr.; Zos-blon 1. (opp. to bdud-blon)

an orthodox, faithful minister etc. 2. &-blon cbi-po minister of public worship Glr. ;

rje-btin the same as rgyal-bldn Glr. tpyi-

blon chief officer Cs. pyi noii bar ywm-

gyi blon-po Glr., lit. outer, inner, middle

H

me, 1 could not reconcilc JOyselfto it'j ·hw,kyll-I)(I· lV., ·l!tl.lJa· C., 'ttl-1m (;1.(7), toreI}', to depcnd 1I110n, bw !Jil-hll 10 hope&h.. (the correct spelling as yct doubtful);hi", rtd,j·1m to gi"e 111', resign entirely, torisk, "coture, e.g. I'(j,j-gi M'OfJ Gb·., Mil.,blo ~Jld,j-ba, id. Mil.; ·(Ilbodi 19-tan· monkc; ~O-I:ag bw. 1Ila (dii$-par liS Slltl WI\S 80

lUuch ntlllcJled to US Mil.; l"a/i-blca ma (o,i$­IXI ~ wan Mtached to himself, in lo\'c withhimself; blo rtM-pa &/lr to trust, confide(cr. compounds); di-la& bW::ldUppa TII!J1j.,to subtn\ct, to dra.w off, di\'crt, dissundcfrom; bto brid-pa to deceive, impose upon,cheAt Gl,.. (bld-yi Mag 'conscience' &/1.,ncc. to SciII'. nol an authentiCAted c.xpres­sion).

Compo blo-Itog.ci confident, courageous,intrellid, undaunted. - bto-gtm sense, in­tellect, understanding; blo-g/'M-klli !~-b!la

whlltisto be discerned hy the understanding;blo"flrM doil ldlin-pa, blo"flrM-€an sensible,judicious (of persons), blo-!!,* lin-po C. oflUuch sense, of nn c..x('ellent understllndiug,cl',i_1mC.,::lill-pa Mil. of] ittlc understanding jhlo-fII'OC-IIlCd uniotelligent, iojudieious; bW­fI''M-rrJ!Jal-po u. of a medicinal plant,_$mllg-cu,i Wail. - bld-can ha\'ing mind,sense; byis-pai blo-ean having the mind orsense of a child, thinking like u child c.. jluwinJt a mind, v. above mUd-pa b!J&1­pai bld - am de. - bw-nyh ill-meaning,malicious Gl,.. - blo-rtdd, hw·rdeil hope,confidence, assurance, bdli!J-yi bliJ-)'dJ,i su­la oca in whom :un 1 to pl~e my confi­deuce. - blo-rdeil COs-la byld-pa Glr.; W.:·1or-tdd or krmili M-ee, hJil.l:e(s)·, c. lao- b!o-,·tdg prob. "'" blo-gnh, bkr,·tdy (a.dlid­pa 1,,/1,. people of different mcnlal abilities.- blo-stdlA l. C., W: courage. 2. w., ge­nerosity, magnanimity, or perh. ;\lso equani­mity, self-command, e.g. if a person rerul\inskind and forhearing towards disobedientserVRnts. - blo - (liu. counsel, expedient,ble - (dhs ~Ql- ba Ma. - hle-btle cheerful,happy. - blo-odOd covetous, greedy. - hM­sna I. bld-&na mari.lJa Glr. was alllAinedby our Lama: having manifol1 thoughts,

being restlelll, flighty, giddy. '2. IV. dill­position, turo of milld, "ld-Ila r(;'-'1ItO••10....·­nesg, irre&olution, Alto 10nKbulTeriug, ·/.o.."a(,i,i-'" resolu~neS8,determination, IlromlH­ness, both also adj.: .10_, irretiOlute, and:resolute, detennined etc. - blo-mJd inju­di('ious, foolish G. (D.:l.?u... 18 make. nosense, there bcing prob. Iln error in thetc.xt, The trrmslation of &J.. !etmt to be •mere coojecture). - blb-b:dil 'sound M:D8e',

col. ·'IOO-::"'i'·, Il very common name ofpersons. - blo-lid &J.. 'memory, intelloo­tual flower'. - b/i).lbn, mind, soul, heut,blo-,elIU-bdi - blo-bdl 11/il. - blo-btdrn in­tellect; W:: ·Jo-.arn mid-fan· foolish, ODenot knowing "hat he is about.

II. frq. iDeerr. for gw.~.:::r bld-/Ja 1. vh. to be able"" pOd-pa; llyodr. 1IIi Id-na if you el\Dnot; ·di wi 10· that),ou cnnnot (dllre not) do, prob. only 11':vulg. - II. sbst... bW, frq. used by Mil.for the Stlke of the rhythm.~~.:;,: bld-bllr _ gld -b,ll' sudden, suddenly;r: ll!Jed dd-ltar.gyi ddd-pa bld-bur yinth)' present faith is ncw, but just sprungup in thee Mil.; mi..spyxl !.Jld.bur.du o!JYIIrthe colldud of men suddenly challges Ma.~.;f bld,i-mo, for ldli-mo, bones or knuckkse'" used I\S dice Mil.:5i:. bWn I. J~.t. - 9""', bJd,1 o<MlA·pa toF-M give advice. to counsel; (i.: to makearrangements - 2. V. the following.~'::f bldn-po officer(prop. coun!ellor), any~~ magisterilll officer of higher Nool.:;blOn-po daliobati' eomm:lllding and obeying,higher officcrs and sllbalterni GIr.; worepartiMIIU'I}' minister (of state); b1ou(-po)cen(-po) Glr., bldn-po bkti-la r1dfl,-pa Glr.,more commonly bka-UdJa(-po), high officet'of state, minister, governor; biltl,-bldft mi­nister ofjusti~, officer ofjU$l.iOCj r!lYaUJlo"kiug ADd miuister, also - council, Ilri,.,.­eeuncil, Gir.; co.-blon I. (opp. to bdMd..lJlott)1\11 orthodol:, faithful minister etc. '2. eo,..bW'j (tn-Pil minis~r of public worship GI,..;lj,.bMn the !<AllI\: as "!/YCll-bldM Glr. - 'pyi­blOH chicf offi(lC!r C.. - hi MaIO Ww )"IJ~

9!Ji blO1i-JS. Gir., liL. outer, inner, middle..

386

minister, a distinction not quite intelligible.

dmdg-blon military, yul-blon civil officer

Cs. nan-blon I. v. above pyi-nan etc.

2. Lh. country-judge.

q. bha, sometimes written forf,either from

^ ignorance, or in order to appear learned,

as is also ^ for ^, and so forth.

^

CT^I* bhd-ga Ssk. the female genitals, Pth.

rr^'C* bhd-ra-ta, bhd-ra-tai dum-bu, bhdr-

*q'

ta, bdr-dha, Ssk. m^<e(ii\g country

dban

between Lanka and the Sumeru, viz. Hin-

dustan; also North-India, Mil. and elsewh.

bha-lad, Urd. Beng. belati,

'a far distant country',=

pi-lin, for Europe.

1* bhan-ge W., Ssk.Vfijfi, hemp.

bhe-da v. Jbe-dha.

= ze-sa reverence, respect,

obs. 2. (or rba) = the following.

dba-kldn Glr., rba-klon Mil., Dzl.,

dba-rldbs wave, billow; rba-skyawhitish waves Mil.; dba-tsub surge, roar,

turmoil of waves Cs.; dba-byi water-rat?

dbdg-pa, pf. dbags Sch., v. dbog-

pa and bag-pa.

rqr-dban (*wan, vulg. 'an*) 1. might, power,

potency, blon-po dban ces-pas because

the minister was very potent Glr.;

<$>a?i

dge- dun-la ftad Glr., not only : 'he granted

great privileges to the priesthood' Sch., but:

he invested it with magisterial power and

jurisdiction; rarely used of physical poweror strength S.g. ;

bsdad-dban-med it is not

in my power to stay Tligy.; bum-pa jo-moi

yin-te dban ma mcis-so as the pitcher be-

longs to my mistress, I have no power over

it, I have not to dispose of it Dzl.;sdod-

dban-med-par having no strength, not beingable to wait (from eagerness, avidity etc.)

Glr.; dban-med, prob. sdod to be supplied

(if the text be correct), this won't do so

any longer Glr. ; (ran-)dban-med-du or par

involuntarily, not being able to help it, e.g.

to weep, rejoice, believe, Mil.: dba-n-med-

du mci-ma ^cor-du ^wg-pa to make one

weep; dban-med-du O col-ba to make a per-son powerless, to force by absolute powerGlr.

;dbdn-du ^gyur-ba to get into another's

power, to be overpowered Tar.; Odod-paito get into the power of the passions, to

be led away by them Dzl.;dbdn-du gyr-

pa seems also sometimes to mean: he who

has brought every thing into his power (?),

along with nyon-mons-pa-med-pa and sems-

rnam-par-grol-ba; dbdn-du sdud-pa to re-

duce under one's power Pth.; snyin-rje to

make the principle of mercy one's own, to

practise it freely Glr., (where Odu-ba stands);

Ogro-ba to comprise all beings, Glr.; dbdn-

du byed-pa id.; dban byed-pa c. la, 1. to

rule over, to govern, frq. 2. to possess, bddg-

gis dban byar med-pa what one does not

possess Thgy. dban-sgyur-ba c. la, to

govern, to rule, frq.; dban Ogrub-pa id.

seldom. dban skur-ba v. skur-ba and

dban, 2. *wan tdn-ce* W. to make efforts,

to exert one's self, also = the next. dban

zd-ba to offer violence Dzl. 9LV-, 3. dbdn-

gis like a postposition, by, by means of,

in virtue of, in consequence of, e.g. Ids-kyi

of former actions Glr.; na-rgijdl-gyi dbdn-

gis from or in consequence of pride Tar.

2. more especially in mythology, dban

bcu Dzl. 2>V2 14, also stobs-bcu Trigl. 8, 6;

Gyafch. II, 46, Burn. II, 781 seqq. 1. the

ten powers of knowledge of Buddha, v.

jKopj3.I,437 seqq. 2. in later times yzan rjes-

su Odzin-pai dban bcu ten powers tending

to the benefit of others are ascribed to the

Bodhisattva, Thgy. : fse-la dbdn-ba (respect-

ing this form v. below) power over the

length of one's own life; sems-la dbdn-ba

power according to one's own pleasure to

enter into any meditation; yo-bydd-la to

shower down provisions for the support of

creatures; Ids-la to mitigate the punishmentsfor their sins

; skye-ba-la to effect one's own

re-birth in the external world, without dan-

ger of being infected by its sin; mos-pa-

la at pleasure to change one object into

another; smon-lam-la to see every prayer

for the welfare of others fulfilled; rdzu-

Oprul-la to exhibit wonderful feats for bring-

388

minister, a distinction not quite intelligible.- dmag-blon military, yill-bbm civil officere". - nmi-blon 1. v. ahove ftyi-nail etc.2. Lh. country-judge.z:::r Mo, sometimes written for Q, either from~ ignorance, or in order to nllpear learned,

I'S is also ~ {or l) and SO forth.

.::rcrr Md-ga S3k. the female genitals, Pth.'i\q'J:.'" bhd-ra.ta, blld-ra-tai dum.ou, blllir­l<i ta, lnj,.-dlla, &/:. It(Il@lIJ countrybetween Lanka and the Sumeru, viz. Hin­dusw.o; also North-India., Mil. and elsewh.

~'t:l.l,\' bha-lad, Urd. '""':!ti~, Be1lfJ. belati,

'a far distant country', - pi-lin, for Europe.

~t:.·ar bhmi-ge lV., Sal.:. 1ffl, hemp.

~.~. bM-da v. "be-dha.

~'l'~ aha 1. La. - ze--3a reverence, respect,obs. 2. (or ,oba) = the following.

~.::::tQ,-gft:.. dba·J.:1dn Glr., rha-klOn Mil., D::l.,dba-rMl4 wave, billow; rba-3kya

whitish waves Mil.; dba-tsub surge, roar,turmoil of waves Ct.; dba-lnJi wateNat?

,\'l"['f dlxlg-pa, pI. dhag. Soh., ,. dhag-pa und hag.pa.

~qr=: dbafi ("teall, ,·olg.'aI'") 1. migll~ power,potency, Min-po dhail 'lh-pas because

the minister wus very pownt GIr.; dba"dge-odun-fa rtad Gir., not only: 'he grantedgreat privileges to the priesthood' 8ch., but:he in"ested it with magisterial power andjurisdiction; rarely used of physical poweror strength S.g.; bedad-dho!i'mcd it is notin my power to stay Thgy.; ifNm.pa)6-moiyin-te dbmi ma mCfNO as the pitcher be­longs to my mistress, I have no power ovcrit, I have not to dispose of it Dzl.; adod­db(ui-med-pur having DO strength, Dot beingable to wait (from eagerness, avidity etc.)Glr.; dbail-mid, prob. 300d to be supplied(if the text be correct), this won't do soany longer Glr.; (rU1i-)doon-milJ..dll or parinvoluntarily, not being able to hell) it, e.g.to weep, rejoice, believe, Mil.: l.1fun-mid­du mCi-ma oCQr.du Jilg-pu 10 make one

weep; db41i.mM-du JtJl-ba to make II rcr­son powerless, to force by absolute powerGir.; dbd1i.Ju c!JyUr-ba to get into Motber'spower, to be overpowered Tar.; od&1·paito get into the power of the passions, tobe led away by them ])zZ.; dbdli.Ju gyffr.pa seems also sometim~ to meM: he whohas hroull;ht every thing into his power (?),nJong with nfj<1n-nlnIi3-pa-mid-pa and~mam-par-gr&-ba; dbdA-du sdud-pa to ~

duce under one's power PUI.; 3nyili-1)t tomake lhe principle of mercy one's own, toprnctise it freelyGir.,(where odu-bastfl.nds);o9ro-ba to comprise all heings, Gir.; dbdri·du byM,-pa id.; dllan blJid-pa c. la, 1. 10rule over, to govern, frq. 2. to possess, bddg·gis dbaft byar mM-pa wOOt one does notpossess TI'!1!J. - dOOil·$gljUr-ba c. la, togovern, to mle, frq.; dhari ,,[Jrilb -paid.seldom. - d/xui d:Ur·ba v. d:ur-ba anddbwi, 2. -/Calj tdJi~t· lV. to make efforts,to exert one's self, also., the next. -dbwi:::d·ba to offcr violence ]):::1. 'J/..l!, 3. - dbrili·gia like a postposition, by, hy means of,in virtue of, in consequence of, c.g. ld3.Jyiof fonner actions Glr.; na-rg!Jril--gyi dbdli­gis from or in consequcnce of pride Tar.- '2. more especially in mythology, dbwihe" ]):::1. :.w~, 14, also 3t0b3.f.Jeu Trigl. 8, 6;G!Jatc1l. II, 46, Bum. II, 781 seqq. I. theten powers of knowledge of Buddha, v.Kepp. 1,437 seqq. 2. in later times r~an tji3­3U od:::in-pai dbail bCu ten powers tendingto the benefit of others are ascribed to tileBodhisatt\'3, Thgy.: tsl-la dbdli-ba (respeet-­ing this fonn \-. helow) power oyer thelength of one's own life; 3Cm3·1a dbdil-bapower according to one's own pletlSure toenter into any meditatioD; yo·byrid-la toshower down pro,-isions for the support ofcreatures; ld3-la to mitigate the punishmentsfor their sins; Urye-ba-la to effect one's ownre-birth in the edernal world, without dan­ger of being infected by its sin; m63--pa­la at pleasure to change one object intoanother; $mon-lam_la to see evcry prayerfor the welfare of otbers fulfilled; rdzu..opnjMa t.oexhibit wonderful feats forbring-

3*7

I/A,,

ing about the conversion of others;

/</ to understand all writings on religion

(ni t'.);c6s-la to convey the publication of

n-li^ion to all creatures at the same time

and in overy language. 3. in practical mysti-

ci-iu : various supernatural powers (v. skitr-

6), e.g. pyi nan ysd/i-gi dban skur-ba J'f/i.

is alledged to signify : to convey externally,

i.e. into the mouth, the power of snan-ba-

mfa-yds (this and the two following are

names of Buddhas and demons), internally,

into the body, the power of spyan-ras-yzigs

and lastly into the mind perfect purity, i.e.

the rfa-mgrin, and together with it powerover the demons. --3. regard, considera-

tion (?). In later writings the composition

of dbdn-du byds-na (mdzdd-na etc.) c. genit.

(instead of which in C. also dbdn-du sor-

na, s6n-na are said to be in use), is frq.

to be met with, signifying as much as:

when ... is concerned, when ... is in question,

for the purpose of, or merely: respecting,

as regards: legs-pai, jigs-pai, btsdn-pai

when beauty, firmness, formidable appear-

ance (of a royal castle) are concerned,

are the points in question Glr.; sndgs-kyi

dbdn-du rtsis-pai slo-ka prob. the Slokas

being numbered with a regard to the Man-

tras, i.e. including the latter Tar. 127, 16.

4. symb. num. : 5 (dban being taken for

dbdn-po).

Comp. and deriv. dbah-bskur consecra-

tion, inauguration, initiation Was. (189),=

dbah-bskyur might, power, e.g. sans-rgyds-

kyi Glr. dban-grdl the row of those that

are to be ordained or consecrated. dlx't it-

can mighty, powerful Cs. dban -tan I.

might, = mna-fan, dban-fan-med-pa low,

mean, of inferior rank Dzl. 2. time, chro-

nology Lexx. 3. destiny, fate, predestined fate,

or rather the destiny of any creature con-

sequent to its former actions, fse dan dbait-

tdn, frq.; dban-fan-med-pa may therefore

imply: having no destiny, i.e. no particular

destiny. dban- dus-po-brdn 'Angdopho-

rung' of the Indian papers, n. of a fort in

Tibet. dbaii-lddn mighty, powerful ;dban-

Iddn-gyipyogs Domaii, dbdn-poi pyogs Sbh.,

is said to be nortli-cn-t ////;,,-]> v. the

next article. dban-pyug I. adj. mighty, also

sbst.: dban-j n-la* M-ba Qlr. 1.

symb. num.: 11. :<. noun proper a. Uwara,Siva 6r/r. , hence also the Lingam as his

emblem Glr. b. AvalokiteHvara(?/r. dia

ba 1. vb. c. la = dl>m\//i'<l~pa, e.g. rgyalr

srid-la mi dban he does not succeed to the

throne; gen. with accus. ybtg Odi dbdn-ba

yin one . . . belongs to this one Mil.; bdagdbdn-bai rgyal-prdn the vassals under mysway Dzl. 2. sbst. = dban, e.g. &4-la dbdn-

ba (v. above). dban-ris prob. domain,

dominion. dban(-po)-ldg(-pd) a medicine,

said to be prepared from a viscid, aromatic

root, shaped like a hand. dban-&& per-

ception, by means of the organs of sense

Was. (278).

.gf dbdn-po 1 . possessed of power, do-

minion, nor-gifi dbdh-por gyur />:!.

(Ms.y, lord, ruler, sovereign, esp. divine

rulers: Indra, also lhai dbdn -po\ further

rgydl-bai dbdn-po, fub-pai dbdn-po the

highest of the Buddhas Glr. 2. organ of

sense, dbdn-po lna(-po) a. the five organs

of sense, eyes etc., also dbdn-poi sgo liia

Med. b. Trigl. 17, 6, five immaterial, trans-

cendent senses of Buddha, which are in

unison with his five powers, stobs //ia, as

stated by Burn. II, 430, v. Kopp. I, 436. In

natural philosophy six organs of sense frq.

are mentioned, TT*TO being added as the

sixth; medical writings also treat of dbd/i-

po dgu or dbdn-poi sgo dgu, v. bu-ga.

3. sense, intellectual power, <//*;/;-/*> dn-po

of acute intellect, dbdn-jm rdid-po of ob

intellect, also as common expressions for

sagacious or dull D:l. : dbd/i-po nyanu the

senses are weakened, become dull J//.;

lus sems dbdii-po body, soul, and senses (are

glad, are pure etc.) Dom.; dlnii\-i>o fs6-ba

to gladden, strengthen, revive, the senses

Mil.', rdn-gi wins -las dbdn-poi rnam-M*

Obyun out of the spirit (of the personality

which during the time between two periods

of existence is in a disembodied state) the

sense-endowed soul (of the new individual)

is generated (in the process of conception)

ing about the conversion of others; yt-Ua­/.II to understand all writings on religion(ni f.); Cd3-la to convey the publicaLion ofreliRion to all crc:ltures at tbe same timeand in every language. 3. in praetiealmJsti­eil!m: various supernatural powers (v. d1lr­ba), e.g. pyi ttali )'$d"-Si dbaii skitr-ba 1'l1,.is alledged to signify: to eoo"ey CJ:.ternlllly,i.e. into the mouth, the power of Allmj..oo­

1n(a-y~ (this and the two following arcnllIDes of Buddhas lind demons), internally,into the body, the power of spyan-ra.ll-Yzif/Snnd lastl)' into tile mind perfect purity, i.e.the rCa-w;nn, lUId together with it powerover the demons. - 3. regard, considera­tion(?). In later writings the compositionof db(lIi-du byd3-na (md::dd-na ete.) c. genit.(instelld of whieh in C. also duan-du ,,&r­na, Id,i-fla are said to be in u:>e), is frq.to he met with, signifying as much as:when ... is concerned, when ... is inqnestion,for the purpose of, or merely: respecting,as reg:uds: lifJ3-pai, )ig3-pai, bUdn-paiwhen beauty, firmness, formidable appeur­ance (of a rO)'n! eastlo) are concerned,are the points in question GIr.; 3itdfJS-kyldbJiI-du rl8i3-pai .ito- ka prob. the Slobsbeing numbered with a regard to the Man­iras, i.e. including thc latter Tar. 127, 16.- 4. symb. num.: 5 (dbati being taken fordlxiti-po).

Comp, and deny. dbait-uJrur consecra­tion, inlluguraLioa, initiation lVlU. (180), ­dban-bJ.:!lu'/· might., power, e.g. 3ai",-rgyd3­kyi Glr. - dba/i-grdl the row of tbose tllntAre to be ordained or consecrllted. - dbd,j­ean mighty, powerful u. - dbaii-(d,j l.might, _ mtia-fali, d!Jwj-(mi-mid-pa low,mean, of inferior rank Dd. 2. time, chro­nology Le.r.r. 3. destiny, fate, predestined fate,or rather the destiny of tiny crealure con­sequent to its fonner actions, (At da,i dbaH­fati, irq.; dbati-l1l.1i-mkl-pa may tliereforeimllly: having no dClltiny, i.e. no particul!'rdestiny. - dhwi-odm..po.brdti 'Angdoplio­rung' of the Indian papers., n. of a fort. inTibet.. -dIxoli~ldd/. mighty, powerful; dba'/­Idan-gyiftyog, DC/1fuui, dbtH...~ f!Iogt SM?

3R1

is said to be north-ea~l. - dlHl,;_po 1'. !.benextarticle.- dban-pyufJ I. adj. migllty,abosbst.: dlxl.li-J'iyNg rM,.~ iru li_ba Gir. 2,syml/. num.: 1). 3. noun proper a. Is.....'"Siva Glr., hence abo the Ilingam .. hi.emblemGir. U. AVlllokitellvara GIr. -/lhd,;­ba I. vb. Co fa - dhati byid--fJll, e.g. rgyal_trid-la 1/1; dbm; he docs nol 5UCccOO to diethronc; gen. with accus. lNfJ .di dhd,j..ba.yin one ... belongs to this one Mil.; 1xlGf/dbdil-bai r!l!Jal-pra,. the Yl!oSSals under mysway Dzl. 2, sbst.. - dhati, e.g. (Ji-la dbdti·ba (v. above). - dlxl.li-ri, prob. doml\in,domini!)n. - dba>i(-po}-k1g(-pa) a medicine,snid to be prcpl\fed from a viscid, aromaticroot, shaped likc a hand. - dba,;·Jit per­uption, by means of the organs of senseWas. (278).~=:r.:.''f dfHi'i-po L possessed 01 power, do-

minion, 1M}r"'f!!li dbdit-por !f!IUr D:L(MA.); 10Nl, ruler, sovereign, esp. diTinerulers: loam, olso Mal dbd,j - po; furtherrgydl-bai dlxiti- po, fub-poi dbdti - po thehighest of the Buddhas Gu-. - 2. organ ofsense, dbd'i-po liw(-po) l\. the fiYe organ!of sense, eyes etc., also dbdit-poi 3go ltiaMea. b. Trigl. 17,6, five immateriA~ trans­cendent senses of Buddhll, whicb Arc inunison \\;t!1 hi! five powers, atcb. lria, AS!lwted by Burn. II, -430, Y. Kiipp. I, -l36. Innlltural philosopby s.ix organs of sense frq.Are mentioned, 1f'AI' being added as thesixth; medical writings aI,.., treat of dbdli­po dgu or dfxi>i-poi 3!JO tlgw, v. bi4-ga. ­3. sense, intellectual power, /lbdti1>O rn6ll-pt.)of ftCute intellect, dMi/-po rdill-po of obtu:oeintellect, Also 108 common exp~ioDs {orsagacious or dull D:I.; dbd,;-po ",V!JHI8 thesenses "re weakened, become dull MtId.;llU k'n18 dhdli-po body, soul, and s.ensei (areglad, are pureeto.) Dolft.j /llJtiit-po)'t6-Oato ~lAddeJ], strengthen, revi"e, the senseiMil.; "dli-vi t/m,-IIU (1J.xj';.poi Mlam-Jh.bYlIli out of tbe tpirit (of we personalit)·wbich during the time lJetwceo two Pf:riodsof existence i3 in a disembodied state) thesense-endo....·oo soul (of the ne.... indiyidual)i~ ifjljrattd (in the prote:>ll of cODceplion)

388

dbdr-mi

S.g. 4. genitals, Wdh. and elsewh.; dbdn-

po lag-pa v. dban-ldg sub dban.

' dbdr-mi Sch. a faint-hearted, timo-

rous man.

r dbal Lex. = tog and rtse-mo top, sum-

mit, point e.g. of a mcod-rten Glr.;

the point, or ace. to some the grooves of

the pur-pa or exorcising dagger; rtai dbal

bzan-nan Lex.? dbdl-ba v. Jbal-ba.

cq-dbu resp. for mgo, head, frq. ; beginning,

^commencement, e.g. of holy doctrine

Glr.', *'u Idn-ce* W., the mode of greetingbetween Lamas, by touching each other

with their fore-heads; to bless (a layman

by imposition of hands); dbu mdzdd-pa to

be the head, the principal person, e.g. in

an assembly of believers Mil.; more defi-

nitely: dbu mdzdd-do he was my instructor

Mil. dbu-skrd the hair of the head. -

dbu-rgydn ornament of the head, diadem

Mil. dbu-rnds Sch. pillow. dbu-can

furnished with a head, i.e. with a thick

stroke at the top (of a letter), hence the

name of the Tibetan printing characters.

dbu-cen 1. higher officer. 2.dbu-cun subaltern

officer 6s. --dbu-rje Reverence, Reverend,

title of Lamas. dbu-snyun bzes-pa Sch.,

dbu-snyun dan bro Obor-ba Glr. resp. to

swear by one's head. dbu-fod royal cap,

crown. dbu-mfun drun-du resp. the same

as zabs drun-du in directing letters : To ...

dbu- pdn elevation, high rank, dignity,

stod-pa to praise, smdd-pa to despise, to

revile (dignities).-- dbu-ma 1. n. of the

goddess Durga, the wife of Siva. 2. principal

vein, v. rtsd-ba. 3. the middle (-doctrine),

middle -road, ^tzr*T, which endeavours to

avoid the two extremes Was., also dbu-mai

lam or ltd-ba; dbu-ma-pa an adherent of

this doctrine Sch., cf. however mdo extr.

dbu-med the Tibetan current hand-writing,

cf. dbu-can. dbu-rmog Zam. w.e.; in W.

*gydl-po u-mog co zig* is said to signify:

Long live the king! dbu-rtse the top,

pinnacle, of a temple, monastery Glr.

dbu-mdzdd (cf. dbu mdzdd-pa above) chair-

man, principal, warden, in convents an offi-

cial that takes the lead in performing the

prayers. dbu-zwd cap. dbu-sog title-

page Sch.

'

dbu-ba v. Ibu-ba.

-

dbugs 1. breath, respiration, dbugs

rnub-pa dan Obyin-pa or Jbyun-bato respire, to inhale and exhale air Med.,W. *ton-ce* for Obyun-ba; dbugs Obyin-pa to

stop for rest, to recover one's breath Sch.

(and perh. Pth.); dbugs-dbyun fob-pa to be

eased in one's mind, after despondency Tar.;

*'ug gyan bor-ce* W. to stop, to keep back

one's breath; *"ug sub or kor tdn-ce* W. to

choke, suffocate, strangle, throttle; skye- gro

fams-cdd-kyi dbugs len-pa to take away the

breath of beings (which is ascribed to the

demon pe-dkdr) Glr.^pyi-dbugs seems to be

the last breath of a dying man, but ndn-

dbugs is some fantastic physiological notion

Thgr. ; dbugs mde-ba and mi-bde-ba an easyand a hard breathing Med. frq. ; dbugs-funshort breath

; dbugs rdzdn-ba or brdzdns-pashortness of breath, asthma, as a complaintof old age Thgy.; dbugs lheb-1/wb byed-pato pant, to be pursy Med. dbugs-rgodLt. ? dbugs-ndn Sch. flatulence. dbugsfebs-rel Sch. 'in one breath' ? 2. a breath,

one respiration, as smallest measure of time

= j^Vu fcyim= 4 seconds.

^m* dbun Lea;. = dbus.

'

dbub-pa v. Jbubs-pa.

"

dbur termin. of dbu, Sch. first, at first.

* dbur-ba, also ^ur-ba, 'ur-ba to

smooth, sog-bu paper, ras woollen

stuff, yzdl a pavement Cs.; *'urgydg-pa* C.,

*gydb-ce* W. to iron, to smooth linen etc.,

*'ur-cag* smoothing-iron.

rnoj'n' dbul-ba I. vb. v. Obul-ba. II. adj .

poor, indigent Dzl.\ sbst. poverty,

want, penury, dbul-ba sel-ba to relieve want

Glr.;

dbul-zin Opons-pai rigs a poor and

indigent generation DzL; hence frq. dbul-

pons poor, a poor man, pauper Mil.; poverty

Glr.; usually dbiil-po, fern, dbul-mo, poor.

rq^j.dbus (Ld. *'us*, C. *'*) 1. middle,

midst, centre, fdg-pai dbus tsdm-du

388

S.9- - 4. genitals, Wd,j. aud elsewh.; dbdli·po ldg-pa v. dbali.lJg sub dha,j,~.::f'lt dlxif'o'fnl &It. a faint-hearted, limo­

rOIn man..l).t:JOf d!HJ La. - tog llnd me-mo top, sum-

mit, point e.g. of a "llod-rtm Glr.;the point, or ace. til some the grooves ofthe pr-pa or exorcising dagger; rim dlxUbUli-Jia" La.' - dhdl-6a v• •bal..fJa.W dbuesp. for 11190, head, Crq.; beginning.

commel'lCement, e. g. of holy doctrineGIr.; ··v ldtWt" W:, the mode of greetingbetween Lamas, by toouching tach otherwith their rore-head!!; to bless (a laymanby imposition of heds); dbu 7fId:dd..pa to

be the bead, the principal peNOn, e.g. inlin IlSSemhly of believen MiL; more de6­nitely: dhu "Jd:tid.do he was my inlitruClOrMil. - dhu·a.b-d the hair of the head. ­dbv.-rgydlt ornament of the head, diademMa. - dhv-rlia, &A. pillow. - dhu.cal$furnished with. heM, i.e. wilh a thickstroke at. the top (of a letter), hence thename of the Tibetan prioting characler$. ­tJhu,..&7J I. higher officer. 2.dhu-c.,; subalternotfiefr Q. - dbu-r), Revtrenet, Reverend,tille of Lamas. - dbu"'l'y.. lt bzh.po. &h.,dbu-myilt dllli two "b6r-b4 Glr. resp. to

swear by ODe's head. - dbu-fOd 70yal CDr,crown. - dbu.".rtiln drilJi-d1l resp. the samelIS lab. dnj,i-du in direetiog lettcrs: To. _.- dlN·oPtIiI elevation, high rank, dignity,.tM'1JG to praise, .mdd.pa to despise, torevile (dignities). - dbU.-7IIa l. n. of thegoddess Durga, the wife of Si"'lL 2. principalvein, .... rtlei--ba. 3. the middle (.doctrine),middle -road, It"Uflf, wbich endelWOUrll toavoid the lwo e:ltremes Wal., ulso dM--7IIuilam or ItJ-ba; dbu..-ma--pa an ndberent ofthis doctrine &h., cf. Ilowever mdo exlr.- dhu-lIItd the Tibetan current hand-writing,ct. dbu-tan. - dbu-rmdfJ Y.am. w.e.; in W:"g!Jdl-po u' .mdg to ziti" is said to signify:Long live the king! - dbu-rtli tbe top,pinnucle, of II. temrle, monastery Glr. ­dbu.md:dd (d. dbu mdzdd-pa alxwe) chair­man, principal, warden, in con...ents nn offi­cinl that takes the lead in ~ormiug W

prayerll. - dbu-:u:a cap. - dlJu..4&g title.page &!l.

W~· dbil-ba v. lhil-OO.

~~ dbuga I. breath, respiratiDn, dbufllTlittb-pa dali "by(n.-pa or "byUli-ba

to respire, to inhale and exhale air Altd.,IV: °to..-u" for obyilil-ba; dbu!Jt obyin-pa tostop for rest, to recover oDe', breath &h.(and perh. Pth..); dlNf!a-dbyillt f&IJ.pa to beeased in one·s mind. afterdespoDdency Tar.;"'v9 gyail btJr.u W to stop, to keep backOne's breath; o'lIf/ nih or kor tdii-h" W: to

choke, suffocate, slmngle, throttle; "''Yt'-.anlfama..biJ!-}yi dhv~ lht-pu to take away thebreath of beiogs (which is ascribed to thed~onpe-dktir)Glr.;J¥-diJUfII seems to bethe last bre:uh of a dying man, but adJi.~ is some flUllastic phpliological DotionTIIgr.; dhv[l' rtHU-bo llDd mi--&Ji.JJa an easyand D bard breathing Mtd. frq.; d!Ngt-fitJishort breath; dhu[l' rtb:i>l-ha or lmL:d~pashortDe!iS of breath, asthma, as a complaintof old age TII.9!I'; dbt4gt fkb.lA& by«i-puto pant, to be pun;y Mid. - dbtvp-rgdd£/.1- dhuf}'*--lilin &II. flatulence. - db"fPfro.-ril &11.. 'in one breath'? - 2. a brtau.,one mpiration, l\S smallest measure of Lime- 1'1'.. i!fl·m - 4 seeonds.

~. dbuJi Lu. - dbul.

'Yl~''f dbu!J..pa .... .!Jilba-pa.

~':;. abur !ermin. of dbu, &A. first, at first.

:rJ~.~' dlNr. ba, also .,'11'. ba, '{.r-ba tosmooth, idg-bu paper, Tal woollen

slulf', [zeil a. pavement Q.; ·'ur !!!Iag-pao C.,·gydb..(:e" W: to iron, to smooth linen etc.,"'ur--1::09" smoothing-iron.

~'.q' dbM-l.>aI: vb. v. obUl-ba. - II. adj.poor '. indIgent D:::l.; sbst. poverty,

want, penury, dbM..ba ael-ba to relieve wnutGfl".; dbul-zbi .ii/nil;-pai rig. n poor n.ndindigent generation D:::l.; hence frq. db"l·Po~ poor, a poor maD, pauper MiL j 1)(1\·011.1Gir.; usually dbri.l-fXJ, fern. dbitl-nw, poor.~~ dbta (U. ·'ua", C. "'jO) J. middle,

mitl5t, tentre, fdg-J!!1ol dhUl r.dm-dtt

'

dbyi-mon

pyin- nas having proceeded about to the

middle of the rope Dzl.; skyd-boi dbus-su

in tin- iiiiiUt ut' the people Tar.; (an yni/ix-

k-iii <//*//*-// the hill (mountain) in the middle

between the two plains Glr.; dbut-kyi ri-

rgydl Sume.ru standing in the centre (of the

world) Mil.; seldom relative to time: bzugs-

pai dbm-m whilst he was sitting Glr.;

in

metaphysics : dbus da/i mfa 'the medium

and the extremes' 6s. A siat. ResearchesXX,577 dbus-ma the middle one (of three

or more persons) Mil., (of inanimate things)

Glr. - - 2. in a specific sense : the central

province of a country, a. of India, hence =

Magadha, the holy land, land of Buddha

Thgy. b. of Tibet, the province U; dbiis-

pa an inhabitant of it; dbus-ytsdn U and

Tsan.

zqr'ri- dben-pa solitary, lonely, e.g. a road

Dzl.; solitude, loneliness, dben-pa

Odi-na in this solitude Dzl; dben-par Ogr6-

ba or ynds-pa frq.; dbcn, id.: dben-la dgaMa. ; dben-(pat) /was, sa solitary place, esp.

hermitage; dben-ynas cen-po brgydd-kyi sa

earth from the eightgreat hermitages, sacred

places of pilgrimage in India Glr.; like

bstoris-pa the word is construed with the

instrum. case: mas dbn-pa, solitary as to

a mother, i.e. motherless; snyin-pos dben-

pa = snyin-po med-pa Tar.

dbo 1. n. of a lunar mansion, v. rg-yu-

skdr, no. 99. 2. the belly-side of fur.

"

dbo-ba v. Obd-ba.

dbon-po ( W. *'6n-po*, C. *'om-po*)

1. B. resp. for fsd-bo grandson;

nephew; dbon-srds id. Glr.; dbdn-mo fern.;

mes-dbon ancestor and grandchild Glr.;

dbon-zdh Glr. 95 seems to denote son-in-

law and brother-in-law, with which also

Sch.'s Mongol transl. agrees, Geschichte d.

Ost-Mong. p. 359 med. 2. Lama-servant

C. 3. a certain sect of Lamas, clad in

red, shorn, and married, = *sor-kyim-pa*j

C., W. 4. a Lama skilled in astrology,

who for instance, when a person has died,

performs those ceremonies, that serve to

avert harm from the survivors W.

' - rtil-ba, h

'%""*. *#(*)* 1. singing, long.

tune, melody. ////-%/// ill.; in,,-

i dhyuiiti prophetic song, psalmMil.:

(/A/////;.s(-w) Un-pa, dbyaiis by&l-pato sing Dzl

; tdd(-pai) dbya/'i* song of

praise, hymn of thanksgiving, *)hf-pa

*pul-ce* W.; yduii-dbyditH a song of aspi-ration Mil. ill>;ini't*-<-un Glr. a deity, prob.= ojam-dbydns-can-ma Saraswati, goddessof euphony. dbya/is-snydn sweet singing.

tll>i/dhs-pa singer 6. *yan-Zu* bowfor a violin, fiddle -stick W. -- 2. vowel,

hence dbyuns-^yig 1. the (four) signs of the

vowels, Gram. 2. Cs.: notes (of music) or

any contrivance for marking the modula-

tion of sounds; so perh. also Glr.

dbyur summer, in India: rainy season

(cf. dus); also dbydr-ka, dbydr-Ka

Mil.) W., dbydr-dus, C's.dbydr-mo; dbyar-

dgun - mdd -par summer and winter Mil.:

dbyar It.} dbydr-ka-la col. in summer ;dbyar-

ynds 1. summer-abode, Sch. 2. the solitary

summer-fasting of the monks; <l/>i/(ir-iiky4

'summer-born1

; dbyar -r/'/d summer-drum,

po. expression for thunder Cs. - -dbyar-

<(/! summer-rain 6s. --dbyar -zica sum-

mer-hat.

_^,_.^.. dbydr-pa (Pur. *sbydr-pa*, elsewh.

*ydr-pa*} poplar, various kinds of

which tree are found in the vicinity of vil-

lages, cultivated or growing wild. (\Vdn.

also sbydr-pa.)

cq- <% ?: (*y*> com - '**) ] - |ynx' My'-mo tne

"^ female of this animal, dbyi-pntg a

young one; dbyi-fsdii lair of it. 2. in U:

beer,= can.

dbyi-gu- dbyig-gu little stick, ct

dbyi(/-i>.

._.dbi/i-ba, prob. only fut. to Oj<y-o,

to wipe off, to blot out. to efface,

Lf.r. : ri-mo, a drawing. Sch. however no-

tices also a perf. dbyi*.

dbyi-mo flax (?).

dbyi -man medicbal herb, used

against delirium Meti.: Cs.:>& plant

P!I'II _na. hllving proceeded allout to themiddle of the rope Dzl.; d'!l-OOi t!b,i"'flill the millst of thc l.eople Tar.; (/1/. r'1yi.­I..yr.' dl)l/H; tIle hill (mountain) ill the middlebct"'cl'l! tlle two I'lnins Gir.; Ilhl;•.k.lJl Ii­'Y'yul Sumcru st.'\nding in the centre (o£1heworld) Mil.; seldom relative to lime: hhifP­pai liMNlU whilst he wns sitting Gll'.; inmetapllysics: dhu. do,; nI(a 'the mediumAnd the extremes'u. Asil\t. Itl'sell.rehesXX,577 - dhris-1Ila the middle olle (of threcor more persons),Mil., (of inanimnte thing~)

GIl'. - 2. in a specific sense: the centralprovince of l\ country, a. of India, llence­Maglldhn, the holy land, land of Buddha1'hmJ. b. of Tillet, the prl\vince 0; dMs­1'" rIO inlHl.bitllnt of it; dhus-l~un 0 /\lid.'l'sa,;.-.q~·.:r dben-pa solitary, lonely, e.g. a road"'\ D::l.; solilude, loneliness, dbi-n· paodi-na in this solitude D::.l.; tlhen-par dJrd­ha or ""IUS-pa frq.; dhm, id.: dlXn-la dgaMa.; dbrn-(pai) rna., sa solitary pInel', esp.hermitage; dMn-rna' lht-ptJ brgydd-kyi.aearth from the eightgrellot hermitages, sacredplo.ces of pilgrimage in Indin Gb·.; likehstoti.-pa the word is conbtrueU ,\ith theinstrum. CMe: mas dbm-pa, solitary as tol\ mother, i.e. motherless; .nyili-pos dbln­pa = .nyi';_po mid-pa Tal'.

-:f dbo I. n. of lL lunnr mansion, \'. rU',/U­1 $kar, no. 77.- 2. the helly-side offur.

~:f~' db6-ha v. •M-b..

~~:::r dbdlI-po en'. "'dlI-po", c. "'~I-po")I. JJ. rosp. for (.a - bo grandson;

nephew; dbo/I_,rw id. Glr.; dbdn-mo fem.;flit'. - dhdll ancestor and grandchild Glr.;dlxm-zdli Gir. 95 scems to uenote SOIl_in_law and hrother-in-Ill.w, with which alsoSi:h.'. Mongol trons!. agrees, Geschichte d.Ost-)(ong. p. 359 roed. - 2. Lama-servantC. - 3. a certAin sect of LamM, clad inred, shorn, and married, _ "1J()r-/.:yim-pa",C., W. - 4. a. 1,amG. skilled in l\Strology,wllo for instance, when a person llllS died,performs those ceremonies, Ulal serve toavert harm from tbe sllrvivor~ JI'.

:;:F..r:;r dUl-bo. Gf. - rtdl-ba, L•. rcL-iA1 dbdl-ba.

.::a=.~' dhytll'" "!Jan(.)" I. sir9nsJ, song.tune, melody, gill-tlbydn. id.; IIIN_

bstd" - gyi duyan. pro(lhet-ic lOng, pl>lllllMil.; dbyuii'("'j) lilt-pa, duyo;'. byld-pato siug D:l ; .tM (-pai) db.va;'. llOng ofpraise, hymn of thlnksgiving, lM-]la" C.,"jmI-CI' IV.; rduir-duyd,i. a song or 1I~lli­

ration Mti. - (ibyd/is-can Gir. a deiLy, proll.- Jam-dbyd,;,-can-lIIa Siraswlti, goode.of cupll01lY. - dUy(I/'s-mydll s"'eel linging.- dh!Jd,i.-pu singer U. - "!llIJi_hi" Ilowfor.n violin, fidule-stiCk W. - 2. Yowel,hence dbyails-yig I. the (four) signl of thevowels, Gram. 2. Y.: notes (of mu~ic) orany contrivnnce for mJ.rltiDg the modula­tion of sounds; so perh. also GIl'.::.,s'" dbyar summer, in Judi.. : rainy uason

(ce. diU); also tlh!Jdr-l.:a, dbydr_J..'aMil., lV., dbytir-dua, (:•. (/htJf;r -mo; db!Jar­dgun-ml!d-lJar summer lind wiDler .Mil.;dbyar lJ.,dbydl'_ka_la col.in sUrllmel";db!Jar­rna' I. summer-abodl', $d,. 2. the 8OIil.VYsummer-fusting of the Illollks; (/byllr-#yta'sUlnmer-llorn'; dbyar'-rlid sunIRlcr-drom,110. eXllressioD for tbunder a. - dbya,....ldr summer-rl\in Ca. - dbyar-!:II:a sum­mer-hat.~,,=r dbyd.·-pa (PilI'. "sbtJd"1'R", elsewb.

"!Jar-pa") poplar, "ll.rious kiDus ofwhich tree are found in the vicinity of ,ii­lages, cultivated or growinK wild. (IVa...also wyd"-pa.)r'A. Jhyi C'yi, com. 'i") I. lynx, dJ.,yi_mo the>;I felllale of this auiJUl\I, dhyi - prilfJ II

young one; dbyi.(.u.iI lair of it. _ t. in 0:beer, = cali.

dbyi-gu = dbyig-fI1l little stick, cf.

dbyi9-fX'·

dhyi-bo., prob. onl}' fut. to oliyi-ba,to wipe off. to blot out, 10 efface,

Lu.: ri.."lO, II drawillg. &11. hO'/\'e"er nG­tices l\lso ll. perl. dbyi•.

::.a'~ db!Ji-'1l1O ftax (?).

::B.5f db!!i. ,tIOli medicina1 herb, used\..,I Ig;,Dst deliriullI "'til.; C•. : 'alllint

390

dbyer-med

of an acrid taste, used as tea';in Lh. Po-

tentilla Salesovii, of which neither the one

nor the other fact is known to me.

dbyig(s) l. = nor wealth, riches,

treasures,

nor -dbyig id. Dzl. ;

dbyig-can rich, dbyig-med poor Cs.; dbyig-

mdn Lea;. 2. prob.=

dbyig-ynyen, pre-

cious stone or a kind of such (rfo\ and elsewh.

dbyig-pa stick,= dbyug-pa.

dbyig-pu Sch.: 'implement for clean-

ing, scouring, polishing'.

dbyin-za Sch.: summer-hat (?).

-a>--.. dbyins 1. syn. with klon, com. ndm-

mtfai dbyins or dbyi/is alone: the

heavens, celestial region, rgydb-la brag dmar

ndm-mKai dbyins red rocks behind and the

expanse of heaven Mil.; Kyeu dbyin-su yal

the youth disappearing was carried up to

heaven Pth. ; dbyins-na bzugs-pai dd-ki-ma

Mil. 2. height Schr.; the above passage

was also rendered: red rocks behind, as

high as heaven. 3. in metaphysics an

undefined idea of extent, region, space, \*T<J,

(cf, klon), cos-kyi dbyins, \f^T<J,not '^e

wide diffusion of religion' Sch., but a mere

fanciful notion, or as it is expressed Wts.

143: le monde intellectuel de Bouddha; of

highly learned Lamas the words are used:

fugs-dgons cos-dbyins-su fim C.; and also

dbyins alone: blo-yi byed-pa dbyins-su sbos

Glr. hide your mental activity in the hea-

vens, i.e. let it be reduced to nothing; so

prob. also Tar. 38, 10, pun-po lhdg-mo

med-pai dbyins-su, where nothing of the

skandha is left remaining. Sch.: dbyins-su

in a body, in one mass, whole, entire (?).

dbyin or jryin byed-pa Sch., to incite,

instigate, set on.

dbyibs shape, figure, form, byd-

dbyibs-can having the shape of a

bird Lit.', sin-rtai dbyibs dan Odra shaped

like a waggon or carriage Glr.; skyes-pai

dbyibs- la nos-bzun-ba to learn the nature

(of plants) from the shape in which they

grow; *a-me yib dug* he quite resembles

his mother in shape W.; dbyibs legs-pa B.

a fine figure, *sog-po* an ugly figure W.,

or also : of a handsome (or ugly) form; dbyibs

zlum-por yod it has a round shape Glr.

zrqrn-qr rq-OT dbyag-gu, dbyit-gu 1 . small

^ '

-J' ^

>J staff, wand, rod, e.g. used

as a magic wand, sun-dial etc. Cs. -

Lex.: = cu-fsod q.v.; Sch.: dbyug-gu re-

bzi, '64 equal parts of weight 'or measure;

64 quarters of an hour, or 16 hours'; but

64 cu-fsod would make as much as 25 f

hours.

dbyug-rdo W. sling-stone; B.: rdo-

rjug.

dbyug-pa I. vb. pf. dbyugs 1. to

swing, brandish, flourish, a stick, a

sword; to wag, rhd-ma the tail Cs; *yug

yug jhe'-pa* W., to swing to and fro,to

dangle; *yug ton* W., swing! dangle!-

2. to throw, cast, fling, *gydl-kar-ne do* C.,

to fling a stone through a window; to throw

away, to throw down, *yug-le zog* C. (=

*pdn-te bor* W.), throw it away! II.

sbst, stick, C.; *yug-pa gydb-pa* C. to strike,

to beat with a stick, dbyug-to Glr., dbyi'tg-

fo, id. (Sch. club?) Lex. := ber-ka, 3^;

dbyug-to-can wielding a stick; n.p.

___... dbyun-ba, fut., and in C. secondary

=^ form to the pres. Jbyin-pa.

_>._. dbye-ba, (regular pronunciation *ye-

wa, com.}

e-wa*). I. vb. fut., and in

C. secondary form of Obyed-pa. II. sbst.

1. parting, partition, division, distinction, clas-

sification Thgy. --2. section, part, class,

species, dbye-ba nyi-su ysuns twenty diffe-

rent species are named Lt.; yi-ge Odi dbye-

ba ynyis these letters are divided into two

classes; hence like sna-fsogs: sgyu-rtsdl

dbye-ba manifold arts, artifices Smbh. -

dbye-brdl Lex.: discord, dissension.

_2-.-.. dbyen-pa (*yen-pa, com. 'en-pa*,=-

>^ '

dben-pa), difference, dissension, dis-

cord, schism, dge- dun-gyi dbyen-pa byed-pa

to create discord, to cause a schism amongthe priesthood Dzl.; dbyen Obyed pa to make

a difference, to discriminate Sch.

med, dbye-ru-med-pa, dbyer-mi-pyed-pa in-

BOO<I)' "'yig(.)

of an .crid taste, UBed as tea'; in lit. Po­teDtilt. Salesovii, of which neither the onenor the other fact i8 known to me.

~. dbyig(.) 1. -,.or weatth, ri~treaswu. Nor· db!Jig id. Du.;

db!l'9-oon ricb, dbyi!f"'"lM poor a.; dhyig­mali Du. - 2. proll. - dbWf7I!JbI, pre'cious stone or a kind of such Glr.lUld else\ll'b.

~:r dltyig-pa stick, =' cUyufr]Xt·

~~...,.:.r d0Jig-fJU &/1,: 'implement for clean­j;t.... I..... ing, scouring, polishing'.

~.~. dbyili-za &11.: summer-hal (I).

~~ dbyilt$ 1. syn. with /do,;, com. Mitt-mI!(li dbyilit or dhy;iI. &looe: the

heavens, celestial region, rg!Jd!J..lo brag drtUJrno..-mJ!ai dbgiin red fOeU behind and theuJWIf'e of beet'cn Mil.; lp dbyi~ ytJ.the Joulh disappearing WM carried up to

hea..m P,h.; dbyiil~IUJ b:itfl'l'1Mi rJd-l::i-maAlii. - 2. height Sellr.; tbe above ~nJl:e

Will> also rendered: red rocb behind, lUi

high lIS hean~D. - 3. in mctapby~iC8 anundefined ideo. of extent. region, space, ~,(d. kloli), cm·J:yi dbyi,iB, '1'M\t'llf, not 'thewide diffusion of religion' Seh., but a mcrewnciful notion, or as it is expressed Will.143: Ie monde intelleduel de Bouddba; ofhighly learned Lamas tbe words are used:CuflI-dg6;'. b-dby;"'.'u (im C.; and alsod~i;'. alone: bl6-yi byM-pa dbyi.... .&:.Gir. hide your mental actinty in the bea·"ens, i.e. let it be reduced to nothipR; soprob. also Tar. 38, 10, p1Ui - po lluig· momld·p<U· dbyiit.-.u, where nothing oC theskandhn is left rem:lining. Sell.: dbgiJil4Uin :l body, in one mass, whole, entire('l).

~ dbyin or min byid-pa Seh., 10 incite,instigale, sel on.

~::f~r dbyibt. shape, figure, form, byd-dbyibs-ean hll.ving the shape oC ll.

bird Lt.; iUi-rtai dbyilA dan .dra shapedlike II. waggon or cnrriage Glr.; iK!Jh-paidbyfbl-la no.-bzuJi..ua to learn the nature(of plants) from tbe sbape in which theygnn,,'; -04lf yib duff he qllite ~bleshis mother in shape lY.; dhyw. lJrp-pa n.

a Gue figure., 0ldg-~ an ugly figure W.,or.lso: of a handsome(or ugly) Corm; dbyilA:llim.-por yod it has a round shape Glr.

';'<'T'lr """I" dhy'9"'f", db.....1.­~ '..J' 'lg '" staff, wand, rod, e.g. used

os A magic wand, suo...(\ial etc. c.. - 2.lA.l.: _ eu-fIod q.v.; Sell.: db~g-!1"- rt­

b~/, '64 equal pArt.lJ oC weight 'or meASure;64 quarters of an hour, or 16 hours'; butG4 Cu-(.od would make as much as 25!hours.,~~¥ db~fJ"rv1D W. sling-stone; fl.: rdQ­~ "I f!l"9.

,=3=rr''f dbyUg. po. 1. vb. pf. dbyugr l. to1&' swing. brandish, nourish, .. stick, a

sword; 10 wag, rit<J..too the tAil lA; 0Y"9!JV9 )ltt'-pa- Jr., to S'\IfiDg to and fro, to

dangle; -!lUg toia· W:, s"ing! dangle! ~2. to throw, cast, fling• •gydl-lmr-"! do- C.,\0 fling A stone through .. ",indow; to throwaway, to throw doy.-u, o."'g_lt Zo!f C. (­°pd,,_t' lJorO lV.), throw it Away! - 11.sbat, stick, C.; ·yUfI-pa gyab-pao C. tostrike,to beat with a stick. db~g-to Gir., dby';,­(0, id. (&11. club?) JA,x.: _ M··J.·a, ~;db!fUfJ-to-tan wielding II. stick; n.p.

_ ,..•.::J. dbyUif-w', fut., and in C. secondl1ty.... form to tlle pres. •brJin-pa.

:@,.:r dbyi-OO, (regular pronunciation·~w:a, com. 'MM°). I. vb. fut., and 10

C. secondary form of .byM.pa.. - II. sbst.1. parting, partition. division, distinction, cIu­sification Thgy. - 2. sedion, part, clals,species, dbyf-ba nyi"'u )'AI'" twenty dilre-­Tent species are nlJJled Lt.; yi-ge ii dbyl­ba J'RyU these letten are di...ided into twodaMeS; hence like .na· 4o[p: 1lJ!JU - rtsdld~.ba manifold lIr1.ll, artifices SmM. ­dbyt-brdl Lu.: discord, dissension.r ?la'.!:.r dbytn.pa <-ym-pa, com. 'tn-pa-, ""V"l dUn-pa), difference, dissension, dis­cord, schism, dgt·odun·fJYi dbyen.pa bytd-pato efCllte discord, to cause a schism '-IDongthe priesthood Dd.; dhynl .b1Jld pa to make• difference, to discriminDte &11.

...._~~., - ~'~"'=r, ~f':;;=r, dh~

mM1 dh!Jt'"T'W..""Jd,..,p4, dbp-mi-Jl#""'fJ4 ...

^rjr

separable, not to be distinguished, quite the

same, identical Glr. and elscwh.; bld^mar

ilhi/i-r-ninl prob. : identical with a Lama;

r>[i. in the higher philosophy in reference

to tin- impossibilityof distinguishing be-

tween good and evil (!).

dbycs Schr.: magnitude, size, dimen-

sions, so perh. where dprdl-bai dbycs- mentioned as a characteristic of beauty.

_,_j.~ dbray ,v. pray, intermediate space,

'

interstice; ravine, glen, defile, C.;Sch.

also: vise, handvise.

dbfdd-pa v. Obrdd-pa.

*f dbrdb-pa v. Obrdb-pa.

'^f" dbrdl-ba v. wdl-ba.

dbri-ba v. Obri-ba.

' dbre - btson (?) Sch.;

Lea;, dbre-

btsog dirt, filth.

"J" dbrdg-pa v. Oprog-pa.

Oba Sch.: 'seizure*, distraint'; or rather

the liability of paying higher interest,

payment not having been made at the ap-

pointed time; Oba-gan, Oba-gan-yiy warrant

for thus proceeding against a debtor C.

ba-caWdn.; Sch.: lees from dis-

tilling brandy.

Obd-po magician, sorcerer, conjurer;

Obd-mo sorceress, witch Cs., W.

Obd-ba 1. to bleat, W. *ba tdn-ce*.

2. to bring, to carry, Jja-sog

bring it hither! Sik., Jba-son take it there!

- 3. to commit adultery C.

QQ.-X: obd-bo, Cs. = pug -pa, hole, cave,

cavern , brag-gi cleft in a rock,

grotto; Obd-bo-can hollow, excavated.

Obd-byi a kind of cake, baked of

parched rice or maize meal, fre-

quently eaten with the tea C.

oqcvijOT^~z^ ^' on 'y' 8 'e 'y a ' ne

5 Wag'

Obd-zig tdr-ro I alone escaped

Dzl.', rkdn-pa Obd-zig the foot alone (ap-

peared party-coloured) Dzl. : blon-po de Obd-

ziy-gi cun-jna only this officer's wife Dzl.;

mere, nothing but, /<-/ </<//; <lnul Oba-%ig-gi*

<(tii Sbh.

9u '8e -

sub sgo-lo. 2. imitation, effigy, like-

ness, figure, Odra-J>dy resp. *ku- bag,

Obdy id.; dra-J)(iy-yyon-mi masked persons

/'///Obag- cam, prop. masquerade, masked

ball; 6's.: buffoonery, grimaces.

cf. sbdg-pa, to defile, to pollute

one's self, bud-med dan with women DzL;

Odod-cdgs-la through lust Dzl.;to defile, to

soil, to dirty, mod-la a vessel Dzl. ^O, 7?

2. 6Y

. to take away, to steal, to rob; to covet,

to wish to take, c. la Mil. (ace. to oral in-

formation).

%-% a sli8ht elevation, hil-

lockJF.

^off-raff sP'der Obaff-rdff-ffi fsan

cob-web Sik.

^s-^ai/

restJremainder

'rem'

nant (of food) Mil.

Jbdn-ba to be soaked, macerated,

softened by soaking Cs.,cf.s6a'/i-6a.

Obat'is subject, rgydl-po Obdiis-su <on

the king turns into a subject Ma.;

Jbans byed-pa to obey, bkai Jbaiis bgyid-

par (or bka-Jbaits-sif) Kas-blans-so they pro-

mised to obey, to perform the command-

ment Mil. frq. ;bdris-su bytd-pa Cs. to re-

duce under one's dominion; gen. collective-

ly: the people, the subjects, opp. to blon-

po officers, magistrates, or r)e, rgydl-po etc.

- lha-bdns Tar. 165, 22 Schf.: slaves be-

longing to a temple.

Obdd-pa I. vb., imp. Jx>d, to en-

deavour, to exert one's self, apply

one's self, c. la or the termin.; </.s-/v/v''-

du cos-la Jbdd-pa de this (habit of) con-

stantly applying one's self to religion Mil. ;

also c.acc.: dkd-ba brgya-prdg to performa hundred exercises of penance ; col. to cul-

tivate, raise, rear, take care of. :in or sa-

yzi to cultivate the ground, rgun- brvm to

grow vines, dud-^ro to breed cattle; slob-

par to apply one's self to learning, gUn-mo fco-nar to devote one's self exclusively

to public speaking, preaching C'. 11. sbsu

..,arable, not to be distinguished, quit, ttle

...... , Identical Gir. aDd clsewh.; bld...-.,.Jhylr-fN(1 prob.: identical widl a 'Ama;elil)' in the Iligher philosophy iD referellcet.l the imJloo;sibilit), of distingu.iYiiog be­tw~ jtOOd and e,-jl (!).

~~ tlbyttI ScAr.: magnitude, size, cfirnen.don&. so pcrh. ",'here dprdl-bai dbytt

ce is meutioDtd as a eb.mcleristic ofbeauty.

_~ dbrag, v. rra!!, intermediate space,"'\:: intmtice; ravine, glen, ddile,C.;&".also: vi,;e, haod,·ise.

~~':J" dlwdd-pa v• •brad-p«.

~:r:r dbrdb·pc v. i,.db.pa.

::..:f4'.::r dbrdl-ba v • ..b,.dl-lJa,

~'.q' dbri·ba v, .bri..fJa.

~'.q3t:.. dbn - bew,i (!) &11,; J..t.r. db,'eobtM>tJ dirt, fil11l.

,s"r:j· dbnJg-po v. ,frog-po.

AA~ .00 &It.: 'seizurt, distn.inl'; or ratherthe li.bility of paying higher i.D~resl,

payment lIOt. ha,-iog been made M the ap­pointed time; ..ba-gan, ..ba-gan-yitJ warrantfor thus proceeding against a. debtor C.

~""O;£' .bo.la U'ili. j .&It.: lees from eli&-tilling brandy.

a..,"'1Q..q ..bd-po magician, son:erer, conjurer;.00...".0 sorceres..<:., witch ( •., n~

A::lQ·.::r .6d-lJa 1. to Weat, JI~ .Ix. tdn-U.... - 2. to bring, to carry, ..bd - ~og

briog it hitlier! Sik., .ba-30i. take it tbcre!- 3. to commit adultery C.~::::r ~bd-bo, Ca. - fillY -pa, hole, cave,

cavem, bn19 - [Ii cleft in " rod:,grotto; .bd-bo-cu11 hollow, excavated.~Q;~' .bd..fJ,lji " kind of cakc, bnked of

Jlnrclled rice or mnizo menl, fre-quently eatco with ti,e leA C.Q~~~ .oo-:ig lJ. only, solely, alone, WUI1}

.Jxi-ti[l td,.-ro I alone e&Cal~d

D::L; ri:d,,-pa ..bd·:ig the foot Illone (ap­peared p:lrty-<:oloured) D::1.: bl6n-Jlo de ..M­~.Ji lNli-lNl onl)' tbis officer's wife Dll.;

301

mere, nothing but, r-u Jail dMtJ ..!Jo..Sg-gi•gait SM.t;:::RJ" .lMg 1. masle, guise, disguiH; c( .bo

aub 'flO""lD. - 2. imitation, effigy, like­ntiS, figure, .,dm-.bdt.! reip. J:w.-..Ixu;, ~l­

./xis id.; ..d,...OO!f"9YO"'Mi mkked perwOIPtA - .bog-..Wllt, prop.fllasqvende,ma..~ked

b.1I; C•• : bu&'oootry, grima<: .Cl.:f'f:J" .oo!f1JfJ I. vb. I,f. .Pof1I, fut. d!»g1

cr. Jxig - pa, to defile, to polluteone's self, bud~ dtui 'll"ilh women Dzl.;.dod-rdIP-/a througb lust D::J; to defile, tosoi~ 10 dirty, n..x/·lal' vessel D::l. .(~, 7?­'1. C 10 take away, 10 steal, to rob; to covet,10 wish to lake, c. la Alii. (aco. \0 onU in­formation).

c.::I:ffl::"~::fJ· ..lxiff-.b&.! ft 5ligh~ elevatioll, hil·lock W.

~~::fJ"9" .lxig-rd[l spider, .My-,.dg-gi 6a.icob-web Sil.:.

",.q=fJ'~~'::rr .bafJ'-lhag rest, rtmainder, rem·.., nant (of food) Mil.

l:=:!:::r ..bdi..ba to be soaked, macerated,'"'\ softened br IlODking c..,ef.sOOli-ba.'\-..,-~ .baits subject, J!!9dl-po .lrdJi_ #0"~-'" thc king tumt into a subject MoJ...;

..bait. b,id-pa to obey, bl:ai ./xJiI. bgyid­par (or b••oonHIII)l~.... tbe)' p~

mised to obe}·. to perform the command­ment JfjL frq.; btiJi_ byid-pa {;. to re-­dUe1! under one's dominion; gen. coUeeUve­Iy: the people, the lubjecu, opp. to bldfl­po offieeno. magistrates, or r)t, rv!Jd'-po e~.

- lha..fxi". Ta,.. 165,22 &ltj.: tiMes be­longing lo • temple.",.q-·.:r .bad· pa I, ,·b., imp, .00<1, to en-

1 deavour, to exert one's setf. applyone's self, c.la or the krnliD.; d!U-f"!lYH/4-0dll lOt-la .ood-jXJ dt this (hllbit of) con­sluntly ftppl)'ingonc's self to reliwon Mil.;nlso c l\.CC.: dkd-/xl brgya-ftr(/g to performl~ lIundred enrcisei of rcn"n(e; col. 10 cul­tivate, raise, rear, lake care 01, :m or Ia~

r::i to culli\'lIte the ground, t"f/1I"'iwwm to

gro"" vjnei, (fWd_IO I~ breed eaule: uoo..I'll" 10 apply one's ,;elf to lea.rning, gli;..._ ~"ar to duole one's ~If uclObi,.elyto l"lblic ,speaking, p~aching c.: - 11, j~

392

bab cr Obib(s)-pa

application, study, exertion, Jbdd-pa drdg-pos

with most persevering application; Jbdd-

pa dan rtsol-ba med-par without any exer-

tion Glr.; hence Jbad-rtsol id.; skyes-bus

srub-pai Jbad-rtsol an assiduous rubbingwith a human hand Wdn.

;dei Jbad-rtsol-

gyis through his endeavours Thgy.; prob.

also: volition, energy of will S.g.; the pas-

sage in Thgy.: byan-cub ci fob-la Jbad Otsdl-

lo, is perh. not quite correct.

Jbab } . a fall of snow Mil. 2. tax,

duty Sp.

nnflxr Jidb-pa, pf. bab(s), imp. Jbob Cs.,

bobs Glr., to move downward 1. to

descend, ld-nas col., a defile, in B. gen.

with las, e.g. rtd-las DzL, also rtd-fca-nas

Glr. to alight from a horse, mostly with

la, although ri-la Jbdb-pa may also mean :

to alight (flying) on a mountain DzL 3,V%, 2.

- 2. to fall down, yndm-la Kd-ba Jbab snowfalls from heaven DzL to flow, the usual

word; to flow off; mi-ytsdn Jbdb-pai ytor-fcun sink-hole, for dirty water to run throughLex. 4. to alight on, to enter into, of

demons Lt. 5. in a general sense, like

to get: nya skdm-la Jbdb-pa a fish that

has got on dry ground; nd-la re-mos Jbab

Pth., or res Jbab Tar. it is my turn; srog-

la Jbdb-bo DzL life is at stake; frq. in re-

ference to time: ci-bai dus-la bdb-bo it has

come to the time of dying, the hour of

death has arrived; without a genit. : it is

time;skdbs-la bdb-bo there is now an op-

portunityDzL Jbab-cu river, rivulet, brook;

also rain. --Jbab-stegs access or descent

to the water, steps leading to a bathing-

place Hind. 'f

ghdt. Obdb-mo* W. conde-

scending, affable.

Jbam 1. rkan-Jbdm a disease of the

foot Sch. : gout. --2. Jbdm-yig v.

yi-ge.

Jbdm-pa Cs. putrefaction, rottenness;

to be putrid, rotten, cf. bdm-pa.

nnx'n* Jbdr-ba (vb.n. to sbdr-bd) 1. to

burn, me Jbdr-bai Kan-pa a burninghouse Thgy.; to catch fire, to be ignited; to

blaze DzL; also in reference to the passions

frq.; to beam, radiate, ^d-du in light Tar.]

Jbdr-du run-ba Cs. combustible. -- 2. to

open, to begin to bloom, to blossom, frq.-

3. to talk, tattle, to be garrulous, babbling,* bar ^o-pa me** it is not worth while to

talk about it C.;Ko nd-la mdn^-po Jbar Odug

he treats me to a long gossip C ; esp. to

brawl, quarrel, chide, Ka- bdr quarrelsome,

brawling Mil.', mdn-du Jbdr-du byun-ba-las

as she was going to brawl still longer Mil.;

*bar-kdd tdii-ce* to rail at a person W.

4. dpal Jbar-ba Cs. to be celebrated, famous.

Jbar- bdr 1. sbst. a high, pointed

hill, cf. Jbag-Jbog. 2. adj. un-

even, rough; pock-marked.

Obal-ba, used only with skra, 1 . to

part, dress, arrange, the hair, as

it is customary with the monks and nuns

of certain sects; in Kham also national

costume; skra yyas Jbal yyon Jbal byed-pa

(of a nun) Pth.; *bdl -Ogo

- cen* a person

wearing the hair thus dressed C. ; skrd-Jbal-

can, prob. id.; C.: name of an old Indian

sect. 2. as a sign of mourning, to have

the hair disheveled, hanging down in dis-

order Pth.; so also Dzl. 9&V, 17, ace. to

correct reading; Jbal-Jbal shaggy Sch.

Jbi-Jbi small lumps of clay Cs.

imp. pig(s) and O bug(s)-pa,

pug, dbug, pug, also pig-pa, pug-pa, 1. to

sting, of insects Stg. ;to pierce, rdo-rje-yis

ni rin-cen pug the diamond pierces the pre-

cious stone Pth.; to bore, sin -la bug -pa

J)ug-pa to bore holes into wood Glr.;in

a gen. sense, to make a hole, rkdn-pa Kyis

pug the dog bit my foot Mil.; Han-pa Jbig-

pa Thgy. and elsewh., to break into, to break

open;*big gydb-pa*, id. C.; cu- gdgs Obigs

it removes strangury Med. 2. 6'. to de-

flower, to lie with, obscene. *bug-ce* W.

to make remarks on an absent person, to

criticize. biys-byed, n.p., n. of the Vindhyamountains (v. f^5").

Obin, *)ham-bin* C., resp. *sol-Jbin*

tea-pot.

a Sch,

application, study, exertion, obdd-pa dru!j-]J03with most persevering application; obdd­pa dan rf.$dl-oo mM.-par without any exer­tion Glr.; hence oood-rtadl id.; skiP-busariJ.b-pai obad-rttldl an assiduous rubbin!t'with n. hnman hand Wdn.; dei obad-rtsdl­9!Jia through his, endeavours T!I!JlJ.; prob.also; volition, energy of will S'9'; the pas­sage in 1'hgy.: bya,i-cub 1:i t6b-la obad ladl­lo, is perh. not quite correct.a.::l::r oboh I. a fall of snow Mil. - 2. tax,

duly Sp.Rft=rq' obdb-pa, pf. bal;(,'), imp. obob C,.,

bobs Glr., to move downward 1. 10descend, ld - nail 001., a defile, in 11. gen.with las, e.g. rtu-la:t Dzl., also rld-Ila-na,Glr. to alight from n horse, mostly withla, nlthough ri-la obdb-pa may also mean;oonlight (flying) on a mountain Dzl. :.(\~,~.

- 2. to fall down, rndm-la Iid-oo obab SIlOW

falls from heal'en D::l. - to flow, the usualword; to flow off; mi-yttldtj. obdb-]tai [tdr­~1U1i sink-hole, for dirty .....ater to run tbroughLa. - 4.. to alight on, to enler into, ofdemolls Lt. - 5. ill a general sense, liketo get: nya skdm-La obdb-pa a fish thathas got on dry ground; lid-La ri-mQS /,abPth., or T8$ oboh Tar. it is my turn; ,,.09­la obdb-bo Dd. life is at stake; frq. in re­ference to time: Ci-bai du,-Ia bdb-60 it hascome to the time of dying, the hour ofdeath has arrived; without a genit.: it istime; slrdbs-la bdb-bo there is now an op­portunityD::l.- obab-~triver, rivulet, hrook;also rain. - obab-stfga aceess or descentto the water, steps leading to a batbing­place Hind. -gfu'i!. - obdh-~ W conde­scending, affable.AA~' obam 1. l'~'wi-obdm a disease of the

foot Seh.: gout. - 2. obdm -!Ji9 \'.!Ji-ge.~~'q' obdm-pa Cs. putrefaction, rollenness;

to be pulrid, rotten, cf. bdm-pa.~.::j~.::r obar-ba (vb.n. 00 fbdr-ba) I. to

burn, me obdr-bai fdn-pa a burllinghouse Thg!J.; 10 catch fire, to be iQnited; toblaze Dzl.; also in reference to tbe passionsirq.; to beam, radiale, ..dd-d~ in light Tar.;

• I

obdr-du rlJti-ba C3. combustible. - 2. toopen, to begin to bloom, 10 blossom, frq. ­3. to lalk, tattle, 10 be garrulOUS, babbling,·obar A-pa me'· it is not wortb wbile totalk abont it C.; I..'o,id-la mali-po obar odU!Jhe treats me to a long gossip C; esp. tobraWl, quarrel, chide, Jra-obdr quarrelsome,brawling Jlil.; mdli-du "bdr-du bl/{lti-ba-latllIS she WIlS going to brawl still longer Mil.;-ltar·kdd tati-Ct· to rail at a person W. ­4. dpal obar-ba C8. to be celebrated, £'\mous.

a..::j':::"a.::l~' obw'-obdr 1. sbst. a high, pointedhill, cf. obarr/JOg. - 2. adj. un­

even, rough; pock-marked.Off~·..q· obal-ba, used only with slrra, 1. to

part, dress, arrange, the hair, asit is customary with the monks and nunsof certain sects; in Kham also nntionalcostume; .kra [!Jail "bal ryon oba1 byld-pa(of a nnn) Pili.; -bdl-o[JO-ctn· a personwearing the hair thus dressed C.; akrd-obal­can, prob. id.; C.: name of an old Indiansect. - 2. as a sign of mourning, 10 havethe hair disheveled, hanging down in dis­order Pin.; so also D::l. .?~\~, 17, acc. toeorrllet reading; obal-obdl shaggy &11.

r.¥t~. obi-oM small rumps of clay fA.

~~rtr obiy(.)-pa, pf. pigs, fill. dbig,, imp. i0<.') and obftg(.) - pa,

l!Ug, dbug, :Pug, also ftig-pa, ftUfJ-pa, 1. tosting, of insects Slg.; to pierce, rdd-rje-!Ji.ni l'in-~:Pug tbe diamond pierces the pre­cious stone PtlJ.; to bore, ,ltj. - la bUg - paobU9-pa to bore holes into wood Glr.; ina gen. sense, to make a hole, rkdtl-pa ¥pug the dog bit my foot Mil.; fd,i-pa obi!j­pa Tng!J. and elselVh., to break inlo, to breakopen; -obig gydb-pa-, id. C.; tu·09ufJf ob':1'it removes strallgury .lIed. - 2. C. to de·flower, to lie with, obscene. - ·bUg-te· JV.to make remarks OD an abs611t person, 10criticize. - biy.-b!Jhl, n. p., n. of the Vindhyamountains (\'. ~).~ b" .~L_ hi'" C • I hi'"a..::tt=:.' 0 In, J",.,m- IT ., resp. so -0 "

tea-pot~

a..::j~(~)'q' obib(s)-pa = oMb(,)-pa Sen.

wm

nq- /m worm, insect, any small vermin,^

esp. 1'iipln-m. tor louse; Obu-rin, sn'/i-

6w, id. ; Jm-nky6ij* snail Mc<l. ; Jm-tayx C.,

cob-web; /nt-i/dt't* (prob. a mere corruption

of'

l>,'tn-lxt} humble-bee W.\*bu- rin* snake W7

.

f'-lm, |>f.&ws l.toopen, to unfold,

ilo\\Ts.-s|i.

\vith /,! /'///. 2.6.:

to be lighted, kindled, set on fire.

...obu-ma Sch. : tool used in forgingnails.

obu-rds a coarse silky material,

stated to be imported into Tibet

from Nepal, and to come from some other

insect than the silk-worm.

Obu-la 1.6'., W. shoe of plaited straw.

- 2. 6'.: *k6-wa bu-la*, a kind of

leather, resembling chagreen."

bu-su-hdii medicinal herb Med.

Jug Sch. awl, puncher; chisel.

Obugs-pa v. Qbigs-pa.

J^"ts~Pa -> prop.: to fall upon in

a body, to rush in upon, = rub-

pa; cos-la Jbuiis apply yourselves with mightand main to religion! it is also used of one

person: O bad O buns he summons all his

strength, strains every nerve Dzl.

n qr*r Obud-pa I. pf. bus, pu(s) (the latter

form prob. transit., the former in-

transit.) fut. dbuy imp. pu(s) l.vb.n to blow,

Ids-kyirlun Obud-cin whilst the wind of works

is blowing; cos -kyi dun bus the trumpet

of religion blew (was blown). 2. vb. a.

to blow, dun the trumpet; to blow away,

rluii-gissbur-ma bus-pa Itar like chaff blown

off by the wind DzL; to blow up, to fan,

me the fire, frq.; to blow into, to inject, e.g.

to apply a clyster C.; to blow or breathe

upon, bser-bus to be encountered by a cold

wind Med,] to inflate, to distend by injecting

air, his kun bus-pa Itar skrafis Mng.\ Obud-

Odun Wdk. dun trumpet. Cf. sbud-pa and

pu.- W. *pu-ce*. II. pf. imp. pud, fut.

dbud W. *pud-ce*, trs. : 1. to put off, pull

Off, take off 6'., W7., the turban, hat, coat,

ring etc. Gir. and elsewh.;

to throw down.

pud bzdg-go Glr.,=

*'jpan-ste* bar W., v.

sub O j'tfyt-pa. 2. to drive out, expel, cast

out, chase away, with tli- MOM. "ftli.-

and place, yul out of the count r\ '/'///-.:

pud an exile Schr. ; dray-pos by force Mil. :

to let out (out of a cage); to set free, to

set at liberty, to allow to pass It'..- to lay

Out, to spend, *nul team pud son* how manyrupees have been laid out, spent? 3. to

pull out, tear out, extract, uproot, so a tooth,

&, W. 4. to take away, to subtract, *gu-ne (or gii. f6g-n?) zi pud-pa (or pud-no)na lus* 4 taken from 9 leaves 5 W. 111.

pf. Obud, vb.n. (limited perh. to W.} 1. to

fall from, escape from, drop, fall down, *%-pa-ne bud son* it escaped, dropped out

of my hand; to fall off, of leaves; to fall

through, *sol-wa t/a-mig-ne bud son* the

coals are fallen through the grate. 2. to

go away, to leave, e. g. to leave the service.

3. to go out of sight, to disappear, *nyi-

ma bud son* the sun is gone down; *bud-

Kan* a departed (deceased) person; the an-

cients, those of old, pristini; to pass away,

*dus-fsod bud* time passes away (make

haste!); *pid-ka sar-na gun bud son* when

spring begins, winter has passed away; *bud

cug- ce* to cause to be lost, or to suffer to

be lost, to lose.

qqarcr q<grcr J*-pa, bun-pa to itch;

*bun, zd-bun* the itch,

itching W.;*bun rag* 1 feel an itching (B.

yt/d-ba).

nqq-q- Obub-pa, pf. bub, imp. bub(s), 1. to

be turned over, upside down, frq.

with Ka, Ka-Jnib- tu nyal he lies with his

face undermost; Ka- bub-tu bzag or bor it

is placed with its top lowermost, inverted,

tilted, turned over; lag-Jmb (or -bubs) byi'd-

pa Sch.: stumbling to fall on the hands.

- 2. fig., to be overthrown, destroyed, spoiled.

with regard to meditation Mil.

Ob"bs-pa, pf. imp. ;m(s), tut.

dbub, W. *j)ub-ce*, to put on a

roof, or something for a roof; fog to make,

construct a roof; gur to pitch a tent; gru-

pubs corner-pavilion S.g.

h,mi one hundred thousand, in'tm-

fso id.; rgyai dmug Jmm-fso In a

26*

~ .bl' worm, Insect, My smllll vermin,~sJl' euphcm. for louse; i)tA-..nn, ~"'n­

.bu, id.; .lnl..ur!J&jI snail Mr<f.; .bu-tag, C,.,cOb-web; "bulldit· (prob. 1\ mere corruptionof bri,;-ba)humble·bee ~v.; ·.bu.d,j"snake IV.~'.:::r .bU-!xI, pf. iJlI$ 1. to open, to unfold,

of 1I0wen;., esp. with fuPlh. - :I. Gi.;to be lighted, kindled, sel on fire.r.l.::r~.r .Ut-lIIa Sri•. ; tool used in forging~ nnils.~'.x,~ . •bu-r'" a coarse silky materinl,

stnted to be imported into Tibetfrom NeplIl, and to come from some otherinsect than the silk-worm.r.l=l'r..j' .bil-fo. I. C., lV. shoe of plaited strnw.~ - 2. C.: °AV·lca M·ta°, a. kind oflentlJer, resembling c1lllgreen.

~.~~ • •lnt-,u-Mil medicinal herb Mtd.

~~ .bug &h. awl, puncller; cllisel.

~~~·'r .bUgt.-pa v. i>ig,-pa.

~~~'q . •bi"i3-pa, prop.; to faJl upon ina body, to rush in upon, - rMr

,m; cd3-ia.w.;'3 apply yoursclreswith lI1igbtand main to religion1 it is also used of ODeperson; obad .bu,i3 he summons all hisstrength, strains every nen'e D::l.~''l' .bUd-]m 1. pf. lnu, pu(3) (the latter

form prob. trnnsit., tbe former iu­transit.) fut. dbu, imp. jJu(3) 1.vb.n. to blOW,lcU-l.yi rl!lI; ~bUd-Ci,j whilst the wind of worksis Mowing; Cd« - kyi du,' lnu the trumpetof rel.igion hlew (was blown). - 2. \·0. a.10 blow, duli the trumpet; to blow away,rlun-yi3'wur-ma bU3-pa Itar like chall' blownoff hy Ihe wiud D::l.; 10 blow up, to fau,lIIe the fire, frq.; to blow into, to inject, e.g.,to apply a clyster C.; to blow or breatlleupon, [Mr.1.Jl1$ to be encountered by 11 coldwind MM.; to inflate, to distend b}' iujectiogtir, IIlI ku1~ 1W3i)(l. itar ~kra,is MJig.; .bud­.JUI' Wdk._dwl trumpet. Cf. wud-pa andpu. - W. -P'-c? - II. pf. imp. imd, fut.dbud W. °llt/d_t?, trs.: L to put off, pulloff, tlke off C., lV., the turbaD, 111'1.1, coat.,ring etc. Gfr. and elsewh.; to tllrow down,pud b:dy.go Gir., _ -.P4ft.,tl' bot' w., v.

3!J3

lIub .,';tn-pa. - 2. to drive out, expel, tntou~ chase away, with tile accus. of lhe pelVJlInod place, !fill out of the counll)' Tar'.; yul­]/ud an exile &Jlr.; drUfJ1~ by fOfl'e Mil.;to lei oul (OUl of a C!lge); to sel free, toset al liberty, to allow to pass lV.; to layout, to spend, ·nul Uam ]hut I(l';- how millYrupees have ueeu laid out, Silent? - 3. topull out, tear olrl, extract, uproot, 10 a 1OOtll,C, lV. - 4. to take away, to SUbtract, -yu­fiJI (or !/!! fdy-n...) zi piul-pa (or tMd-na)"a lll$° 4. taken from!) lell\'cs 5 lV. - III.pf. •bud, vh.n. (limited perh. to lV.) I. tofall from, escape from, drop, fall down, °ldy_pa -fl!, bud ~",jO it escaped, dr"PIJOd outof my hlUld; to fall off, of leaves; to falltllrougll, -3I3l-tca ~'a· mig-ne bud lOti· thecMls are fnllen through tile grate, - 2. togo away, 10 leave, e.g. to leave the service.- 3. to go out of siglll, to disappear, °ny;_ma bud &OliO the sun is gone down; -bUd­I!an- a departed (de<:eased) person; tile an­cienls, tllose 01 old, pri&tini; to pass away,-(lu3 - (3Od bud- time paSSC6 away (maltehaste I); °pid-J.·", iar-1la flUn bud soli- whenspring begins, winter has llllssed aWII),; °budCv.g - Ce· to cause to be lost, or to suffer tobe lost, to lose.~~''l. ~~"r .bli-n-pa, Mn.pa to itcllj

, -btl'll, :d - bun- tile itch,itclling lV.; -bun I·ay· 1 feelnn itching (8.)yd-fJa).~.:::rq' .bub-pa, pf. buh, imp. lnlb(.), 1. to

be turned over, upside down, frq.",-ith J!a, lla-.bUb-IU nyal he lies with hisfllce undermost; fa-.bub-tIl b:a[l or &or itis placed with its top lowermosl, iD\'erted,tilted, turned O\'cr; lag-.bttb (or -Imhf) 6!JM.pa Sell.: stumhling to fnll on the IUUJlls.- 2.fig., 10 be overthrown, destroyed, spoi~,with regard LO meditation Mil.r.l..5.q~q. •bUm -pa, pf. imp. 111lb(.), fut.

dbub, n~ 0Jfub_M', to put on a1'001, or something for ~ roof; fO[l to make,construct a roof; f/llr to pitch a tent; gru­fllllA corner-p~vilion 8·9·~~• .'.!tlm one Ilundred tllousand, _bU"'.

flO id.; t'fJYCli dmUfJ .btJm. 60 ltia

".

394

"J' Jbum-pa Jbebs-pa

500000 Chinese Glr.; O bum-prdg ycig a

hundred thousand; Jbum-fso drug 600000;

mgur-Jbum the 100000 songs, v. mgur-ma.

Obum-pa tomb, sepulchre 6s., sku-

Jbum,ydun-Jbi<mCs., id.; sku-Jbum

(*kum-bum*) n. p., a large monastery on

the Chinese frontier, v. Hue, also Kopp.,who traces the name back to the precedingword.

qq^-q- Jbur-ba, I. vb. 1. to rise, to be

prominent, sbdn-la brdg-ri Jbur-ba

cig a rocky hill rising from the green-sward

Mil.; Jbur-du dod-pa v. dod-pa; Jbur-du rko-

ba to emboss, to work out relievos Glr.;

*Jbur-ko gydb-pa* C ,*bur-la ton-ce* W. id.

2. to spring up, come forth, bud, unfold,

*iio bur dug* it is getting green W. 3. to

increase, augment, *no kye-na o-ma bur dug*when the fields are getting green, milk be-

comes more plentiful W. kyon-Jbur goldand silver ornaments in relievo on some

other metal. glo-Jbur, blo- bur seems

to be a technical term for some part of a

building Glr. --bris-Jbur paintings and

sculptures. bur-rko-mJcan, Jbur-bzo-pa

engraver. Jbur-sku relief-picture Jbur-

rgod (s.\.c.)Ld.-Glr., Schl. 17, b., mentioned

among various musical instruments(?).

Jbur-joms with byed-pa to reduce elevations,

to smooth uneven ground ; fig. Mil., to pro-strate an opponent in disputation. Jbur-poI. Sch.: projecting, prominent; a protuberance,

tumor, rus-pai Jbur-poi Idebs near the pro-

tuberance ofthe boneMed. 2. having protuber-

ances, uneven, rough, opp. to Jdm-po, of the

skin Med. Jbur-ma embossment, relievo -

II. sbst. protuberance, e g. a boil, pustule etc.

nqorn* Jbul-ba I. vb., pf. imp. pul, fut.

dbul (X yf)> ^- *pul-ce* 1. to

give, when the person receiving is considered

to be of higher rank (cf. yndn-ba), ci tsam

zig dbul-bar bgyi how much shall we give

you? Peer Introd. p. 70, 18; to bring in, e.gto place a criminal before the king Dzl.;

gar dan rtsed-mo rgydl-po-la Obul-ba to per-form dances etc. before the king Dzl.;ytsug-

lag-Kan rgydl-po-la yzigs-par Jbiel-ba to

show the king the convent-temple Glr.] to

lay before, represent, report, like ysol-ba,

fsul rgyas pul-bas as they had given him

a minute report of the manner in which . . .

Mil.; pul zig communicate it to me Mil.;

bul-barpul-nasMil., prob. proposing to

give, offering; lam to put a person in the

way of, to put in a condition, to enable

Mil.] specifically in dating letters: dkar-

mddns-nas pul given at Kardang. 2. to

add (arith.) Wdk. II. sbst. offering, gift,

present, Obul-ba man-po pul Mil., also byed-

pa Pth.

Obus-pa 1. v. Obu-ba. 2. = Jbiir-

bar, prominent.'

Obus-sin Sch. a coppice of young

trees.

Obe-dha (*bc>-da*\ a class of itinerant

musicians, cf. mon W. (This seems

not to be a Tibetan word, but to belongto one of the mountain dialects; its spelling

also ace. toLd.-Glr., Schl. 25, b. p. 15

may be wrong).

an*- Jben Pth.,* bem* W., (,'.,

1 . aim, goal,'

target, Jben Odzugs-pa to set up a

target; Jben-la ytod-pa to aim, to take aim;

Jben-sa the place where the target is to

be set up; specifically: the central part of

the target, the mark. --2. scope 6s. -

3. putrefaction Sch., = Obam.

Jben-dug 6s. rags, tatters.

a) p Pab> fut - dbab, imp.

pob W. *pdb-ce"i

,causative to Jbdb-

pa 1. to cast down, throw down, lto-ba sa-la

to cast one's self on the ground Dzl.;sa-

rdul Jbebs bcug he made (the pigeon) throw

down dust Glr.;to cause to rain (e.g. jewels)

frq. ; Kyeu cu Obebs-kyi ri-mo a picture re-

presenting two youths who, driven by piety,

conveyed by means of an elephant skins

filled with water to the fishes in a dried-

up pool Glr.; mig sna-rtser to keep one's

eyes directed towards the tip of the nose.

- 2. to subject Dzl. ?vS,12.-- 3. to put

off, to lay aside, e.g. bag I. -- 4. used in

a variety of phrases: ynas Jbebs-pa W. *zi

pdb - ce* to take up one's residence in a

place; dpya Jbebs-pa, with la, to impose

394

500000 Chinese GIr.; obum-lh'u9 rbfj ahundred thousand; "bUn...",) drug 600000;'mgur'/Jimt the 100000 songs, \', 1II9Ur-»/(/,.

Rs~:r'r JJ~1Il·lIa t,omb.' se~ul~hre (,"'~-"bitnl,fdun·"QUlll (;8., .d.; 8~"U-i)U1Jl

("krwl-bum") D.p., a Inrge mouAstery onthe Chinese frontier, v. Hue, also Kopp.,who traces the Dame bltck to the precedingword.

RS=':~' "bUr - bu, 1. vb. 1. to rise, to beprominent, slK1n-la brdUol"j "bUr-ba

Ng a rocky IliIl rising from the gl'een_swnrd.Mil.; Jmr-du ddd-pa ". ddt/-pa; "Mr-du rhJ·lxJ. to emboss, to work out relicvo8 GiI-.;\bur-J,:d 9!Jdh-pa" C, "bur·Ia t6n-ce- W: id.- 2. to spring up, tome forth, bud, unfold,"/io bur duff it is getting green lV. - 3. toincrease, augment, "no frye-ria ~-ma bur du!!when the fields are gctting green. milk be­comes more plentiful lV. - kyo,i-Jm./' goldRnd silver ornaments in relie\'o on someother metal. - 9lo - "Mr, bw-"bur seemsto be a teclmical term for some part of It

building GIl'. - bris -"bUr paintings andsculptures. _ iiw-rko--m/{u.n,· "bUr-b::o-puengra\·er. - "bur-3ku relief-picture - "bur­rgoo (s.l.e.)Ld.-Glr., ScM. 17, b., mentionednmong various musicul instrumeuts(?). ­"lntr-)dtll$ with byld-pa to reduce elevations,to smooth uneven ground; fig. Mil., to [lro­

strate an opponent in disputation. - inir-pol. Sch.: projecting, prominent; a protuberance,tumor, r1t$-pai "bur_poi !debt, near the pro­tuberance ofthe ooneMeJ. 2. having protuber.ances, uneven, rough, opp. to Jdrll-]JO, of thel>kinltfed. - "bUr-11laembossOlent,relievo ­I I. sbst. protuberance, e g. n boil, pustule etc.

~'!;l' "bill- ba ], vb., pf. imp. pul, fut..dbul (-ul, I.'t-), IV. -/Jitl-i:c" I. to

give, when the person l'eceiving is consideredto be of bigher rank (d. rnri,i-ba), ti blamzig dMl-bar bggi bow llluch shall we giveyou? Feer lntrod. p. 70, J8; to bring in,e.gto place a criminal before the king D::l.;gar daft rtsld4lw rgydl-po-la "bUl-bu to per­form dances etc. before the king Dzl.; )"~ug­lag·/lal> ruydl-po·la J"df/8opar "bfA-ba toshow the king tbe convent-l.emple Gir.; to

lay before, represent, report, like 1'801000,£WI ·rgYa8 pul-bas a.<; t.IlCy hnd given Ililll1"1 minute report oftbe mannel' in which .../Ilil.; }lul zig COlllmuniClite it to me Mil.;"lntl.bar pul-na8 Mil., [Irob. proposing to

gi\'e, offering; lam to put a person in theway of, to put in a condition, to enableMil.; specifically in dating letters: dkal'­71Wu,i8-nas pul given at Kardang. - 2. toadd (arith.) Wdk. II. sbst. offering, gift.present, "bUl-ba man-po jml Mil., aho byM.pa l-'tlt.a.s~·~r "Ms-pa 1. \'. "bu-ba. - 2. ~ "M,.o

bar, prominent,

r.:l,~~'J1~' "bm-Uli &/1. a coppice of youngtrees.

Cl.,2)'''' "be-dll4 rbHia-), a c1as~ of itinerant~ musicians, cf. 71wn W. (This seem~

not to be a Tibetan word, but to belongto one of the mount.ain dililect.'l; its sllellingalso - ace. toU.-GiI'., &/d. 25, b. p. 15 ­may be wrong).

r.:l,~. '"ben l'1h., -"belll- lV., C, 1. aim, goal,target, "ben "dwgs - po. to set up Do

target; "bffi..la}'Wd-pa to ailll, 1.0 take aim;"bIm-8a the place where the target is to

be set up; specifically: the central part ofthe target, the mark. - 2. scope O. ­3. putrefaction Sch., = "bam.

r.:l,~'~l:f]' "ben-dug (~. rags, tatters.~

~~,~rcr "beh8-pa, pf. }Jab, fut·. dbab, imp.-0; job JJ'. yJ<ib-ce·, CMsutive to"l.ab-

pa 1. to cast down, throw down, ltO-ba $a-Iato cast one's self on the ground D::l.; 8U­

Fdlil "bcbs btug he made (the pigeon) throwdown dust Gb·.; to cause to rain (e.g. j1.'wels)

, frq.; l'yeu CIt "belJs..kyi ri-'IIlQ a picture re­pl'esenting two youths who, driven by piety,eonve)'ed by means of an elephOJ.nt skinsfilled with water to the fishes in a dried­up pool Gl,..; 'Illig 8na-rt8e>· to k$Cp one'~

eyes directed towards the tip of the nos..,.- 2. to subject D::l. %0,12. - 3. to putoff, to lay aside, e.g. bag I. - 4. u»ed ina vll.llety of phrases: 1'na8 "bi:bs-pa IV. -1:1'prib - ee- to take up onc's residence in aplace; dpya "bI:bs-pa, with la,o to impose

bem

taxes '/"/., et' Jntliixkifon JH''/K-JHIto impute

;i < Time to ;i pers ..... to calumniate (lli\:

*()/</</ fxib-cf* W. to translate; AA>, re-p.

/Wy.s, e.<j yul-fyogt Qdi-ni Obi'bs-pa to direct

one's thoughts to a certain place, to have

a mind to settle there; ytan-la Obebs-pa \.

ytaii;'

:

'nn ,'n'il-ln pcib-ca* to turn the barleyinto money Kun,

-s

bem v. ben.

Ob<>r ( '.: 'a sort of plastic mass used

by smiths'.

Obel(-ma) the hair on the fore-

head of a horse Cs.

Jwl-po Sett.-, 'temperate, saving,

economical; /.n''l-]>o Odui/ a gooddeal has been saved (by economy), ample

provision has been made; Jbel-du )t'y-pa

to enjoin temperance, frugality '(?).

J)0 a dry measure, which seems to be

very variable as to quantity, and little

used ; Kal-b6 Cs. bushel.

Obo ba, pf. Obos, bo, po, fut. dbo W.

*bo-ce, po-ce*, to pour out, Krag Jbo-

ba to shed blood Ma.;ma bo-ba byufi-nas

there being no spilling Glr.; bdud-rtsi p6-bas pouring out nectar Glr.

; *pos toil* Ld.

pour out! -- 2. to swell (up), to rise, *bos-

te rag* I see it has swelled W.; Obos-pai

nas Sch. swelled barley; srdn-ma p6s-patsam as big as a swelled pea Lt.

;srdd-

ma p'os-p'ds grain swelled, and afterwards

parched. 3. to sprout, shoot forth, of wild-

growing plants, saObo Odug the ground is

verdant C.

JJ09> a kind of upper-garment, po- bog,

tor men, tno- bog for females ('*.

2. W. : a square cloth, for wrapping up and

carrying provisions, also *bog-ca*, hence

*bog-(es* a burden thus formed. 3. W.,

a small hillock; *sa-b6g, be-b6g* a sand-

hill; *ri-b6y* a projecting hill, also a clod:

*]K(f't-b6g* a piece of turf.

J>og-col v. sbug-col

Obog-f6, Zwd-mo Jbog-fo Cs., hat

with a broad crown of yellow cloth,

and trimmed with long-hired fur.

o^//C*)-p, pf-

,IIHMJ> W. *ljo<,-i-e*, to be rooted

out, uprooted, pulled out. of i.-.-ih 11'. : to

be put out of joint /*/>/ W. 2. to be taken

down (>p[). to,</,'l-l,<i!. k<il rnams pog Glr.

the loads were taken off; *zan -nu'-m-* tin-

kettle from the fire W. 3. to grow loose,

to come off, to drop off, leaves from a tiee

6'. 4. to sink down, to fall to the ground,

(^Y. in a fainting-fit, Obog-i-l/i l>ryydl-ba

Thgy., brgydl(-tii,} Ob6g pa Pth, id.; Obog

yun rih-na Lt. prob.: when the fainting-fit

has lasted a long time; smyo- b6g madness,

insanity, %wV/ sets in, takes place Glr.; Obog~

si being quickly carried off, by cholera etc.

W. 5. to wade, to dip into, to submerge,

cu-la Dzl. also cu Les. to wade throughthe wa'er.

%S-F*> I>f-;%, fut dbog,dbag,

imp. pog, 1. to give, to impart

ydams-iidg, lun counsel, advice, directions

Tar.; /r?V/, b$ldb-pa Mil. instruction; </<///-

pa to impose religious duties, i.e. to receive

into holy orders Glr.] to bequeath, togive(F),

nor Lt'.r. - - 2. yzi-ma to fit up a dwelling,

Obebs-pa Glr.] gro Ob''</s-pa to take break-

fast. 3. to blot, stain, pollute, v. Jbdg-pa.

Obn/i- ba Cs., roundness, rotundity.

J)oii- b6ii, round; ace. to my in-

formants *bo/i-bd/i* loose, slack, incoherent

W. -

Jbod 1 . v. Jb6d-pa.- - 2. v. Obdd-pa.

Ob6d-pa, bod-pa, pf. imp. 6</.s, II'.

*6o-c, bos (boi, bo)*, 1. to call, to

exclaim, .s</<Wci<j

ces bds-so he exclaimed:

wait! Dzl.', mi zig B., mi zig-la col., to

call a person: rtsar Glr., mdun-du Pth. to

call near; ndh-du to call in: Obdd-pai brda

or fsig interjection Gram ; fain-la Oboil-]><i

to call, to invite, to a cup of beer D:f.\ ma

bos-par ,6/i-ba to come uninvited Dzl ; /?/-

08 Obod-pa Wdn., bod-</n></x-f>a D;l. to ery

repeatedly; *bds-ra* Ld., *boi-ra, bt?-ra* L/i..

*tdii-ce or yydb-h1* id. W. ; /iu- bod howling,

v. itii-lm. - 2. to call, to name, to deno-

minate, yul-skad. . . Obod-pa commonly called,

styled . . .

llues 1'ar., rf JJ(/b;dYOll ob#A-pa to impute1\ (·lilllo to /I. !ICrSl,n, to cnlulIIuinte Gil'.;"(~)l'ad ,Jab-i'e- W. to tmll,::I:!lc; bio, l·e~ll.

"I!!" e.g yul-hJOfJ' "di_IOU "lKb••pa to dirl'Ctone'll Ihou.';:blS to 1\ crrlnin Illncr, to havcn mimi to ~l·ttlc therr; rMu-//I J)j~-lxt \'.rfUlI; ·1Id itill-la p'ub-l:n" to !nm tile lmrle)'into money Klf/I.

a.~. oklll \.. kll.

a.~.::..' obtl' (iI.; 'II. sort of pll\~tir llIr1SS u~d

by smiths'.(:l,~•.r(~,> oQeI(-ma) lhe !lrlir 011 the fore­

I,end of 1\ horse Cs.a.~~':q oM - po Sell.: 'temperate, saving,

economical; o&J/- po oduf} II goodJeRI l.ll\~ bl'ell '::ll\"ed (by economy), lunilleIlrovi~ion 11115 been made; obJi-du J';f}-pato enjoin tempcrnnee, frugnlity·(1).

a.:f ,,00 a dry measure, which seelus to Le\err varinble I\S to quantity, and little

usell: J.'ul-M C•. bushel.

~~.::r "lJd. ba, ,,(. ,,1Jog, 00, ~, fut dbo IV."OO-tl, p'o-i:t", to pour out, J:ray 0&0­

iJa to shcd blood Ma. j fIla bO-ba byUli-na.tLtl'e ueing DO spilliliR Gir.; bJuawl·l.i lid­ha. pouring out nectar Gil'.; "llOl to;''' IA.pour out! - 2. to swell (up), to rise, "/m­It I'uy" l see it hns '>\\'elled lV.j "b6s-,:-ai1111. Sel,. 5\\'ell(·d bnrlc)'; lrrdn·ma pm.pafrom 1\5 Lig as a swrl\ed pea Lt. j ,rJd­1111' ~.pds grain s .....ellcil, and afterwardsjlarc!U'd. - 3. to sprout, slloot forth, of wild­growing plaDts, '1' 060 odug the grolllld is\'erdunt C.~:Fr "bog, n kind (.f upper-garment,pO-oOOg,

for !nl'n, 1110-obOg for females Gi. ­Z. Iv.: a square clotll, for \\Tllpping- up nndcarl')'ing provision~, also ·bog-l/l", hence"bog-{e3" a burdi'n thus formed. - 3. ~v.,

a small lIillock; -3a-My, bt-l~/ l\ ~and­

hill; "t'i_bdg" a. projecting hill, also n clod;"pa,;.bdg" n piece of turf.

~9'~' "bOfl-lol \'. WIly-rol.

~~qr£f oOOy-fo, :UX;-110 "bog.fo C•. , lIatwitha broad crown of ,-ellow cloth,

and trilll.mcd witb long-haired fur.

39:1

~:f::fJ(~}q' oooy(.).pfl, pf. boy, fog, fut.dbog! W. ·bo!J-i:~·, to be rooted

out, uprooled, pulled oul, of teeth IV.; tobe put out of join~ (,ig. i1~ - 2. to be takendown (opp. to .,yii-ba), Iidl..,.,wlII. JlofJ Gir.the 10/lds were tnkcn olT; "zati mi-1/t" tilekrttle from lhll l1re W. - 3. to grow loose,to come off, 10 drop 011, ICII\'cs from II tl{~e

G. - 4. to sink down. 10 tall to the ground,esp. in a fainting-fit, olxHJ ·li,; ["yydi- baTI/f}!h brf}!Jdl{-hn) obdv 1'1' HI" id.; obogyun,,·M.,la U, prob.: wilen tile faill~iDg-fiL

Ioas lasted a long time; .m!Jo-obdg madnen,insanity, "b!Juli ~ets in, takes plnce Glr.; obog­U being quickly cllrried off, by I:bolera el.e.lV. - 5. to wade, to dip into, to submerge,cu-la D::l. also (u I~.r. to Wilde throughtlle .....a·er.

~:f~"'f.:r oblxp-pa, pf. pOg, fut dbog, dbag,imp. Po9, 1. to give, to imparl

yJu1ll$-tiJf}, !Ill; Clmnsel, mh'il"C, directionsTal'.; l'rid, bslab-pa Mil. instruction; td,',nl­pa to impose religiousdutie;<, i.e. to receil'einto hol)'orders Gir.; to ucqu('ftth, to gi\'e(?),1101' I",J"'. - 2. rZ;-'ma to fit up a dwelling._ "btllA-pa Gir.; yr(> ob 'gs-pa to take urellk­fllst.. - 3. to blo~ stain, pollute, \'. Jxig.pa.~~'.:::r obOn - ha Lt., rOllndness, rotundity.

"boti -iJdit, rOllnd; arc. 1O ill,- iu­furmants "boli-OQ"" loose, slack t incoherentIV.-

~~. obod I. \'. "bM-pu. - 2. \"obdd-ll(1.

a~b:f obM-pa, bdd-pa, pf. illl!'. b"., 11'.""'i 1 '60-;", bof (6oi, bt})", I. to call. toexclaim, Idod Cl9 ,'(I /xh-lO he e:s:c1ailued:wnit! Dd.; 1111 Zig 11., mi Yg-I" 001., to

call n Ilersoll j rfga,' Gfl'., lIIdr:m-du PrJ.. tocall nellr; 1Ia/i-du to ('All in; "bdd-pai bt-daor My interjection Gram; (,iii-fa "boJ~}1(1

to Cl'lll, to in\'ite, to /l CUI) (If bet'r D::I.; VIa

bCt-par .M-ba to come uuiu¥ited D::l ; ~14­

eo. obM-PQ H'd", oltod-grdt'p-pa D:l. to cr)'repealedly; "bOa-ra" l.d., "hoi-ra, bU-ra" LA.,~(d,;...(oe or yyalM.? id. IV; HU-"Md howling,\.. ,,';'-00. _. 2. to call, to name, 10 deno­minate,ytll-tkad. .• "bdd-pa OOQlUlODly called.~Ityl('d .Of H'd....

396

Jobs Obyin-pa

Jbobs, not exactly 'stocking' (Sch.),

but a soft, warm stuffing of the

stockings; *bob-zon* a shoe provided with

such stuffing C.

qSJs^q' Obor-ba, pf. imp. bor, 1. to throw,

cast, fling, e.g. the mendicant's bowl

up in the air, the sword to the ground Dzl.;

zdm-pai ^6g-tu to precipitate a personfrom a bridge Dzl.; pyir to cast out Thgy.;*ma bhor-wa )he'* C. don't throw it away!*bhor son* I've lost it C. bor~ytor, bor-stor,

bor-dor, dor-Jbor-ba Mil. and elsewh. id.;

to throw away, pour away, cu water C.;

to waste, to squander Dzl. -- 2. to leave,

forsake, Kyim-fab husband or wife Dzl.; to

leave behind, mi zig bod - du to leave a

person behind in Tibet; ydb-kyis bor-bai

tse when I was left by my father, when

my father died Pth.; de bor-la fon let that

alone, give it up, keep away from it Mil.;

*na le-ka bor tan yin* W. I shall now leave

off working, I shall put aside my work. -

3 - = jog-pa, to place, put, lay, in W. the

word commonly used, in C. and B. only in

certain phrases : *T-ru bor* put it here ! *tdn-

ni Kar bor-ce* to seat a person on the carpet,to invite to a seat on the carpet; *mii Idg-

tu tin bor-ce* to place a charge into some-

body's hands; *nyer-pa sd-ma bor-ce* to

appoint a new manager; frq. with gerund:

*Kyi tdg-te bor-ce* to fasten a dog (to a

chain).- - 4. in particular combinations,

e.g. gom-pa.

Obol (v. bol} cushion, bolster, mattress;

snye-Jbol pillow, v. snye-ba.

Jbol-po B., C.,*bol-mo* W. 1. soft,

of the ground, beds, leather, fruit

etc.; soft, gentle, pliable, also as to dispo-

sition of mind; Jbol-le sig-ge sdod-pa to sit

still, to remain quiet, tranquil Mil. . 2. 6'.

mod-po.

Lex., 6s. : widely diffused, far spread ;rab-

Obydms-pa 6s.: a man of profound learning,

a doctor of theology or philosophy; also

Schr.;

3. sbst. boil, bump, tumour C.

Obyan-ba to clean, cleanse, purify

6s., Jbyan-l'ydd custom C., W.

Obydm-pa, pf. byams 6s., to flow

over, to be diffused. Obyam-klds-

pa Lex., 6s.: unlimited, infinite; rab- bydms

Obydr-ba v. Jbyor-ba.

QO'CJ" obyi-ba, pf. byi, also pyi and pyis,

vb. n. oipyi-ba to be wiped off, blotted

out, effaced 6s.; to fall off, of the hairZ^.

and elsewh.

nq^-rp Obyin-ba, pf. byin 1. to sink in, to

sink down, to be swallowed up, ///-

rta bye-ma-la Jbyin Glr. the carriage sticks

fast in the sand; gru cu-la the ship sinks

in the water Dzl. and elsewh. 2. to grow

faint, languid, remiss, rig-pa byin-ba bser-ba

to lift up again one's fainting soul Mil. ;

byin-rgod seems to signify languor, distrac-

tion, byin-rmugs Mil., id., byin-rmugs-med-

pai sgom', so also byin-fibs Lt.; sems-byitt-

ba drowsiness, indolence, depression of spirits.

3. C. *)hin son, jhin log son*, they have

dispersed, separated, are all gone home.

4. v. jin, 2.

qqsrq- Oby<d-pa, pf. byid, pyid \. to glide,

to slip Lex. = Odred-pa.- - 2. to

disappear, to pass away, e.g. mi-fse Jbyidhuman life passes away Lex.', in W. *tse

pid-ce* vb. a., to earn a livelihood, *gdr->ra

co-te* by smith's work (61 Ito zd-ba).

byin -Pa > Pf- imp. ^yww, fut. (in

C. also pres.) dbyun Ld. *pin-ce*,

trs. of Jbyun-ba, to cause to come forth : 1. to

take out, to remove, a pillar from its placeDzl.

; *pins(ton)* take it out (out of your

pocket, out of the box etc.) Ld.;

to draw

out, pull out, a sword, a thorn etc., frq. ;to

tear out, to put out, one's eyes etc., mig

dbyun-ba de-dag the men whose eyes are

to be put out Dzl. p. , 10, ace. to an

emended reading; to draw forth, produce,

bring to light, something that was hid Dzl.

- 2. in a more gen. sense: to let pro-

ceed from, to' send out, to emit, rays of light,

frq. ;lus-la Krag to draw blood by scratching

one's self Dzl.', mci-ma Glr. to shed tears;

skad to make the voice to be heard, of a

bird DzL; sdug

- bsndl -gyi skad to utter

896

~~. obobs, not eJ:lIctly 'stocking' (Sell.),but n soft, warm stuffing of the

stockings; "bob-zl!1~· 0. shoo provided withsuch stuffing C.~~"'.q' ixJl'-ba, pf. imp. bel', 1. to throw,

cast, fIlng, e.g. the mcndicnnt's bowlup in the air, the sword to the ground Dzl.;ZIl'lll - Pfli ~6g .. tit to precipitate a personfrom n. bridge Dzl.; pyir to cast out TllfJY.;"ma M()r.,,:a)he''' C. don't throw it away!"blwr 8O.>i" I've lost it C. bor-rt&r, bor-!fdr,bor-dor, ddr-/JQ1,-ba Mil. And elsewh. id.;to throwaway, pour away, ctt waleI' C.;to wnste, to squander Dd. - 2. to leave,forsake, ~'yim.(ab husband or wife Dd.; tolem"c behind, 1Ili Zif} bQd - du to leave- nperson behind in Tibet; !Jub-k!Ji. bQr-baif/J(! when r WIIS left by my (atllt;,r, whenmy father died Pth.; de Mr-la (oli let thatnloDe, give it up, keep Ilwny from it iliil.;·/ia ll-ka WI' tmi .'1in- lV: I shall now leaveotT working, I sholl put nside my work. _3. = .,j6g-pa, to place, put, lay, in W: theword commonly used, in C. and n. only incertain phrases: -/"I'U 00"- put it here! -td'l_'Ii /fu/' b(,1'-te- to seat tI person on the earpet,to invite to a seat on the earpet; -mil ldg­tu (in bQr-C? to place a eharge into some­body's hands; -nllir-pa sd-ma Odl'-U" toappoint a new manager; fl'<[. with gerund:-"'!Ii tdg-it bdr- U' to fasten a dog (to acbain). - 4. in particular combinations,e.g.~pa.

a,=r...f ,,001 (v. /xX) cushion, bolsler, mattress;81l1le-"ba pillow, v. 8nlle-ba.

~2:f...f':r "bdl-po IJ., C., ·"ba-rtw· 11'. 1. soft,of the groll.nd. beds, leather, fruit

etc.; soft, gentle, pliable, also as to dispo­sition of mind; "b61-k Mg-gt w6d-pa to sitstill, to remain quiet, tranquilltfil. -.2. C._ m6ll-po.

a,tf.:'f' "Im 1. V. i){)· - t. v. ,,00 - bu. ­3. sbst. boil, bump, tumour e.

qst::.'.q "bllu-il-ba .to, clean, <:Ieanse, purifyes., "byall-tlldd custom C., IV.

~':r "byum-pa, pf. byuml Ca., to flowover, 10 be diffused. "b!Jum-k!Ih­

pa Lex., 0.: unlimited, inlloiw; rub-"QlId"!.m

Lu., e,.: widely ditTused, far srwead; /'ab­"bydms-pa Ca.: a man of profound learning,a doctor of tlIeology or IllIilosollhy; alsoScl.r.; K0Jp. 11,253.

a,s:::..::r "bydr-ba v. "bydr-ba.

~'.:::r "byi.ha, pf. byi, also p'yi f\JId fill",vb.n. of pyi-ba to be wiped off, blotted

out, effaced c..; to fall off, oethe hair D.:l.IlDd elsewh.~t::..~. oby/ii-OO, pf. byin 1. to sink in, to

sink down, 10 be swallowed up, gili­ria b:Je-ma-la oby;,i Glr. the cnn'iage sticksfast in tile snnd; [fro ;:U-la the ship sinksin the wnter Dzl. and elsewh. - 2. to gl1lwfaint, languid, remiss, rig-pa b!lili-OO bser-buto lift up again one's fainting soul Mil.;byiil-I'god seems to signify languor, distrac·tion, byili-rmugs Mil., id.. byiil-1·mugs-rnM.pai sgt>>>!; so also b!li,i-(ibs Lt.; BClII$-byM­ba drowsiness, indolence, depression of spirits.- 3. C. '")!d>i st>ti, )Id'" l0[18OO·, they havedispersed, separated, are all gone home. ­4. v• .,jiri, 2.a,3~:=r obyid-pa, pf. byid, pyid I. 10 glide,

to slip I..e,I·. - odrM-pa. - 2. todisappear, to pass away, e.g. 'mi-(ge "byidhuman life passes away Lu.: in lV. ·tsc/lid-ce· vb. a., to eurn a livelihood, ·[161'-1'(1M-te· by smith's work (C. lio :0.-00).

~~:r obgin-pa, pf. imp. pywi, fut. (inC. also pres.) d/"YU4 JA. ·ftin-c~,

trs. of obywi-ba, to cause to come forth: 1. totake out, to remove, a pillar from its pl~eD:l.; ·piJil(ron? take it out (out of yourpocket, out of the bo:z.: ete.) Ld.; to drawout, pull out, a sword, a thorn etc., frq.; tolear out. to put out, one's eyes etc., migdbyitn-lm de-dag the men whose eyes arct{) be put out D::l. p.!..ta, 10, ace. to anemended reading; to draw forth, pl1lduce,bring to light, something that WIlS hid Dzl.- 2. in a more geD. seDse: to let pro·ceed from, to'send ou~ to emit, rays of light,frq.; lU8.Ja I,'rag to draw blood byserntchingone's self Dzl.; lIIci·ma Glr. to shed tenrs;skad to make the voice to. be heard, of abird Dd.; sdug - widl· fl!Ji skad to utter

,

mpliiints, lamentations Dzl.; skad tbi-po

to cry aloud Dzl. ; to exhibit, to extol, /w<;//-

pcw cJ - ba the grandeur of tin- doctrine

'/'//. 48,9, &///'.; to drive out, turn out, expel,

yna* Obyin-i><i T<ir.,*i/it/t-ir{i* Vs., to bani-lu

so also/.</.*i>iii -<(*; to cast out, throw away

Ts. ; to save, rescue, liberate, release, nas

from, Dom.; absol. Tar. 121,19. 3. par-ticular phrases, such as K6l-du pyu/i-ba,

yid Jbyin-pa etc. v. in their own places.

Jw*9-p*> p and iinp ^w i- to

wet, moisten, smear, spread over,

anoint with la: sa sk<in/-l<i fs<i-<:t/ byugs-pa

salt-meat Glr.; ydon-la sol-mum

Obyug-pato daub one's face with coal -salve Glr.:

also with accus. and instrum.: Iha^rten sposflat/ byiig-pas covering the little temple with

spices and ointments Dzl.; yser Obyug-paprob. to gild Pth. - - 2. to stroke, to pat,

mgo la a person's head Dzl.

Obyuii-ba I. vb., pf. imp. byun (intrs

of byin-pa) to come out, to emerge,often with a pleon. pyiretc., from the water,

from an egg, a vessel etc. Dzl. ; K6r-ba-las

= to be set free, to be liberated Dom.; to

go out, Kyim-nas Dzl.; pyi-rol-tu Jjyuii-ba

to go out into the open air Dzl.;

to make

one's appearance, to become visible Dzl.; to

show one's self, to appear ryydl-poi rmi-lam-

t/it Ityuit-bai lha-ycig the princess that ap-

peared to the king in a dream Glr.;also:

in'i-la -rmi-lam bzdn-po byun I have had an

auspicious dream Mil. : sgren-mor Jbyun-bato go abroad naked Dzl. : to be heard, to

resound, dad frq. ;to be said, to be told Tar.

;

to turn out, to prove, to be found, ma bzi-

ba su byiiii-l>a lie who is found not intoxi-

cated Glr.; /tan -pa byuit it proved to be

ill founded Mil.;

. . . pa su yan ma byuii

none was to be found that . . . Pth.; to step

forward, from the crowd; to step forth, to

appear Glr.; to step up to, with rtoar to

Glr.; brgyiigs-nas byuii they came running

up or near Pth. : to go to, to proceed to, to

come, /// /7.sr'-///or Dzl.;*ka-ndii-wa ma

Jit/'i -na* W. if no order (permission etc.)

comes; dbuys py-ir byuit-itas when breathing

returned, when they recovered from faint-

ing Dzl.; mun-pai b&kul-i>a Hm-brgya iynii-

iin then came, followed, 500 dark KalpagIt/i. - 2 to rise, as kings, fnj.; to ariie.

to originate, to become, \\ith mm, Ian, li

in consequence of, by, de-no* byun it de-

rives its origin from that Glr.; Obrd-bu

Qbyuii-bai sin trees on which fruit is grow-

ing Sty. ;mi

Obyuii-bar ^gyur ba not to come

to a fair beginning, to be suppressed in its

first beginnings Glr.; kyeu zig byun Oduy

by that time a boy had become of it Gtr.\

ynyis-su b;,uii they became two. they split

in two (systems of doctrine) ;rdb-tu Jbyun-

ba to become a priest, v. rab; to come in

(money); to happen, to take place, very frq.,

Itas ci byun what signs have taken place?Dzl.

;mi zig-la nyes-pa cen-po byun = a man

has committed etc. Dzl. frq. ;ro Odi-rnam&-

la ci byun-ba yin what has happened to

these corpses, what is their history ? Glr.;

s-iiar byun-ba and ma byuit-ba things heard

of and unheard of Tar.; Kd-pye-nas yod-

pa de-an de dus-su byun-no 'at that time

also the opened position (of the hands of

the image) took place' Glr. ; bld-ma-la yan

byun Idys-sam did the same thing happento your Reverence? Mil.; ned-kyis Odi-bzin

byun it is I that brought this thing about

Glr.; pyis-byuii or Obyun the later time, time

to come, also adv. afterwards, latterly, Tar.

- 3. The word more and more assumes

the character of an auxiliary in such phrase*

as the following: ^gro- tub-pa byuii they

were able to proceed (the possibility of pro-

ceeding was brought about) Glr.;da bla-

ma der bzuys-pa bynit-na in case your K -

verence should stay there Mil.; with the >u-

pine: Obul-ilu, zer-du, ston-du byiu't-ba-Ui(*)

as they gave, said, showed Mil. ; fuy&-ddm

pM-bar byun meditation increased ; lastly,

with the root only: bod dan Obrel bynii came

into communication with Tibet Glr.;sleb

byun-ba -la when he appeared Mil.; rdo

dbyug byun he threw a stone; and so it is

commonly used now, esp. in ('.; it supplies

the place of a copula in : ysuii t/' kun mhut-

la isin-tu Ofdd-pa zip byun this song was

truly heart-affecting Mil.

MIDplllints, lll.wentations D::l.; .kad Chl-}JOto cry aloud Dzl.; to exhibit, to extol, batd,,·pai re - ba tlJfl grJJldeur (If the doctrineTar. 48,9, &1,;:; to drive out, tum out, expel,}'IICU obyin--pu Tw·., -~it-wa- 'I•., to hunish,so l'llso J.A. -pili-ct-; to cast out, throwawayn.; to save, rescue, liberate, release, mit

fl'OIlI, full.; "bsol. Tal'. 121,19. - 3. Ilnr­titular phrases, such as f61·du jJ/jlili-ba,yid obyin-pa etc. v. in their own r1nees.~s:'Tq' obyilU-pa, pf. nod imp byu!!, 1. to

...., wet, moisten, smear, spread over,uoint, with fa: Aa 3kdm-la fsu_Crt b.lfUgt-pasalt-nleM Glr.; rdoit-la tol..,mim o¥g-pato dnub one's face with coal-salve Gll'.;:10180 with aeeus. and instrum.: l1la-rten Spo!

lI"'i b!lug-pas covering thl" little temple withspice$ nnd ointments D::l.; rser ob!luy-pa11mb. to gild Ptll. - 2. 10 stroke, 10 pat,mgd la II. person's hend D:.l.(.l,=tl:,'.::r _byuit-ba I. \'b.. pf. imp. byuit (intrs

"" of obyin""Pa) to come out, to emerge,often 'A'ilb a I,leon. pJir etc., from the water,from nn egg, a vessel etc, D::l.; j(or.ba-lat- to be Sl"t free, to be lillerated J)om.; togo out, Cynn-nas D:.L; pyi-rol-tu obywit-!.Jato ~ out into the open air D::I.; to makeone's appearance, to become visible J)::I.; toshow one's self, to appear r!!!lal-poi 1'111i-lam.

du byl;it-Imi l1la-rMg the princess thl\t ap­Ilenred to the king in a dream Glr.; /lIsa:lia-la 1'Illi-lam b::ali-po bYllli I have hnd anAllspicious dreRffi Mil.: 1!9'*1'"101' ob!JllIi-ba10 go ubl'oad nAked D::l.; to be heard, toresound, Joad frq.; to be said, to be told Tar. j

to turn ou~ to prove, to be found, 1tla b::i­ba 8U byun-ba he who is found Dot intoxi­t"I!,tcu Gll'.; ,iall-pa b.~u,i it proved 10 Leill rounded Mil.; .,. pa .u !/m, 7Ila bytt.,jllODe \\/IS to lle found that ... 1'th.; ro stellforward. frOlll the crowd; to slep forth, to1I111lrar GIl',; to step up to, witl! ruar toGk; bl'gyugS-1lU' byllil they ('llInfl runningup or \lea.r Pt/l. j to go to, to proceed to, 10COile, rji rtlli·fllOI· D:l.j -.l:a-1I(;';_1I:a 7110.

jw;' -1111- W. if no ol'der (permissiou etc.)COllles j dbugs Puir byu,i-mol' when ItrCllthiugreturned, wheu they l"flco\'ered from fl\iul.o-

,.,

ing J)::l.; 7Ilull-fKli Wal-]Ia lilU,-br!I!JG byU/'_no then came, follo"'ed, l)()() dark Kalpa,1'1/01. - 2 to rise, as kiJlg~, frq.; to arilt,to originate, to become, with nCQI, ICQI, fro la,iu coniCquenee of, b)', dt-Jlal byuil it de­lives its oriWn from thllt Glr.; ira. -~oblli.,i-bai jili trees on "hid. frui~ is grow_ing Stg.; tIli obyiol,i-bal' <!Iyur ba not to comt!to a fnir beginning, to k slipprecsed in i\.llfirst beginnings GIl'. j "!IN 1:'9 byuli oUugby tbat time a boy ha.d become of it Gir.;r1lyi.-8U bJUli tbey l'ecame twO, tlley splitin two (systellls of doctrine); rdb-tu ob~i1­

ba to become a. priest, v. rab; to come in(money); to happen, to take place, very frq.,llWl n bYl/li wh:lot signs haTe tllken pl~?D:.l.; 7Ili Zig-la ngi.-pu Ctn-[XJ byuil - a. manhas committed etc. J):L frq.; TO odi-rrw.rm­la li byuiol-ba yi'l what has happened totbese corpses, what is their history? Glr.;11'0.1' byuli.ba and fila b!Jllit-lJa things he/lrdof and uDhetlrd of Tor.; Jia-~nOl ydd­pa di-oJi de dUMu by,ui-liQ 'at th:lot timefll~o the opened position (of the hands ofthe image) took place' Gll'.; bla-ma-fa !JIJli

bywi ldgl-lam did the s:lome thing hllp!M!nto }'our Reverence? Mil.; fiid·A~ odi-bSllbYUJi it is I that b~ough' this thing llboutGlr.; p~bYUli or obyuii the latel' time, timeto come, also adv. afterwards, latterly, Tal'.- 3. The word more and mOTe usumeiithechl\raeter of /l.Il 1loU%i1illr}' in such Ilh~1

/IS the following: 091'0- luJ,.pa b~l) "leywere .ble to proceed (the flOiSibility of pro­ceeding W:IoS brought aoout) Glr.: do bla­ma del' b1:W!frJlo byUit-1la in c.se )'our He­verenee shouM sl.y there Mil.; with thc su·lline: obUl..Ju, :h'-du,.tdll-du byiolii-bo-la(,)as tbey ga"e, said, sJlowed Mil.; (Uf/I-Jamofitl-bal' byuit medillitioll inereaiied; laidy,\\ith the root only: bod dait obrtl byun Cllmflinto fomDlunicalion with Tibet Gw.; .1&bY'ili-ba-la when he apptllred .:t1l1.; Nio(lbyug byu,i he tllre"," II SIOllllj and ijQ it iscommonly USl:!d now, cSI" ill C.; it suppliCiitbe plllce of 1\ co!,ula in; rll"';' dt A"III' nll­10. Jill-t. ofM.pa zig loyuli thilS lOng wastl"Uly heurt••trectiag Mil.

398

Obi/un-po ^' Jbyer-ba

Comp. Jbyun-Kuris 1. = cu-mig a well,

spring Sambh. 2. origin Pth. 3. ablative case

Gram. Jbyun-tfuiis-kyi tfams Cs.,ca mineral,

byun-l''uns-kyi Kdms-kyi bcud a mineral

elixir'(?)--

Jbyuh-j-nds (^re), place of

origin (cf. padma Obyun-/was) ; primitive

source, yon- tan fams-cdd-kyi Jbyun-yndssource of all accomplishments; byun-bai yzi

id.; pan-bde fams-cdd Jbyiin-bai j'zi primor-

dial source of all happiness. If. sbst. 1.

a coming forth, an originating, the state of

being, Jbyun-ba-nyid TarA, 4 Schf. the true

state of a case. -- 2. element, usually 4:

Jbyun-ba bzii ynod-pa damage done by fire,

water, wind and sand Glr.; Jbyun-ba bzii

lus the physical body, very frq.; Jbyun ba

yyo the elements are in motion, are raging

Ma,; higher philosophy numbers 5 elements,

adding the ether, mica, as the fifth; ac-

cordingly physiology teaches, that in the

composition of the human body earth con-

stitutes the mucus of the nose, water the

saliva, fire produces the pictures formed in

the eyes, air the sensations of the skin,

ether the sensations of the ear; even 6

elements are spoken of, v. Kopp. I, 602.

3. symb. num. for 5.

J>yun-p (ajjfl1- being, creature,

Jbyuii-po kun all beings Cs.; Jbyun-

po cen-po the great being, Buddha Cs.

2. demon, evil spirit, foul sprite, frq., Jbyun-

po-srun a preservative, talisman, against

such; Jbyun-mo fern. Cs.

Qn*n* Oby2~ba> pf- and imp- bye, W. *be-

ce(s)*, intrs. of Jbyed-pa I. to open,

padma Kd-bye-ba a lotos-flower that has

opened Glr.;

mital Tfd-bye-nas when the

mouth of the womb has opened itself S.g.- 2. to divide, separate, resolve, ska sla

'

t nyis-su bye it resolves into thick and thin

matter Med.; dum-bu ston-du dbye-bar

Oyyur it separates into a thousand pieces

Glr.; bye-brag ma bye-bai bdr-du as long

as the separation has not evidenced itself

Dzl.

^d-pa, pf. and imp. pye, pyed,

pyes, fut. dbye, W. *pe-ce(s)*, pf.

and imp. *pe(s)*, vb. a,, 1. to open, *Ka pe(s)

ton* W. open your mouth; sgo pyes-nas o)dg-

pa Pth, *pe-te bor-ce* W. to open the door

without shutting it again; fig. cos-kyi sgo

mam-par Jbyed-pa ; mig to open one's eyes,

opp . to Odzum-pa ; lot}-baimig Jbyed-pa to open

a blind man's eyes Dzl.;to open again what

had been shut or stopped, to restore, ddn-

ga, yi-ga B., Ham W. the appetite; ba-pyed

the open b, b pronounced like w, Gram. ;

to get out, work out, fetch out, stone-shivers

by means of a chisel Glr. 2. to separate,

to keep asunder, to disentangle, threads W.;

to disunite, to set at variance, de-dag dbye-

bai pyir in order to set them at variance,

to create enmity between them Stg.\ to part,

separate , bijah-1,'og-sfod-smad man - dris

dbye-ba ste the cavity of the chest and the

abdomen being separated by the diaphragm

S.g.; to divide, classify, rigs-kyi sgo-nas dbye-

na if they are classified according to the

different species Lt. ; to pick, to sort, pease;

hence, to pick out, choose, select, *p6-te kyon*

make your choice, and bring it here! W.;

sems-can-rnams Ids kyis rndm-par pye the

beings are severed by their deeds Thgy.;

Kd-pye-ba to open, to separate, e.g. when

hands, that were laid in each other, are

separated again Glr.; Kd-pye-ba also to

open, to begin to bloom; Jbyed-pa to dissect,

to anatomize Thgy.:, esp. with rndm-par,to analyze, to explain grammatically and lo-

gically, don, the sense, import, Stg. frq.;

as sdud-pa is the opposite of it: Jbyed-sdud

analysis and synthesis Cs.; Jbyed-sdud-f,-yi sgra

term for the affix am, the disjunctive par-

ticle (ni f.) Glr.; mi-pyed-pa inseparable, in-

divisible, imperishable, */,-// Sch.; unshaken,

immovable, ddd-pa Mil. frq.

'

J>yed-dpydd Sch. tongs, pincers.

Jbyem-pa, with bycd-pa, 'to act

with promptness, determination

and good success' Sch.

Obyer-ba pf. and imp. byer, to dis-

perse in flight, to flee in different

directions Dzl. fson- dus byer-nas mi Odita-

ste the market-people having fled, and no

body remaining Pth.; to give way, to be

398~t:;:tf ob.~{(1j-po~

Compo ob!/liii-/CUlif I. = eu-lIlig a well,spring Sambh. 2. origin Pth. :t ablative caseGram. - ob!J{lIi-rlllis-lyi /..'alns Ca., 'aminenl.l,byu,i_llu,is_J.yi I,'dms· kyi heml a mine.ralelixir'(?) - /)!Jwi - rnlis (~), place oforigin (cf. padma obYUli - rnU!)j primitivesource, y6n- tatt (ams· cUd· kyi oblJUli-rlUissourc(! of nllnccomplisbmenls; byuil-bai it..id.; pan·bdi (ams-Md ob!Juii-bai ) Zi primol'­J,inl source of nil happiness. - II, sllst. I.a coming forth, an originating, the state 01being, obYUli-ba-nyid TarA, 4 Sellf. the truestate of a Cf1.,.~. - 2. element, usually 4,:

obyuii-ba bZii pwd-pa damnge done by fire,wati'l', wind (Ind stiDd Glr. j ob!JUil-ba b!:iiius tile physical body, vcry rrq.; obl1"'; baryo the elements nre in motion, are ragingMa.; higher pllilosopby numbers 5derorDts.,adding the ether, mICa, as the fifth; nCo­

cordingly ph)'siolog-y teaches, that in thecomposition of the Illlman body earth con­btitutes the mucus of the nose, water tilesalivn., fire Ilroduces the pictures formed inthe eyes, air the sensations of the skin,ether the sensations of the ear; even 6elements are spoken or, v. Kapp. J, G02. ­3. symb. num. for 5.

C),~t::.''f obyiui-po (¥) 1. being, creature,~ obyuil.po kun alllJeings (;8.; obyiJ.il.

po lbi-po the ~rent being, .Buddha es.­2. demon, evil spirit, foul sprite, frq., obyuli­})Q.81'ti1i a pl"(!serl'ath'e, talisman, against.such; oby1lJi-mO fern. (~.

C),,~'.::r obyi-ba, Ilf. and imp. bye, W: "be-<:t(s)", iutrs. of obyM-pa 1. to open,

pwlma ICJ.byc-ba a lotos-flower that hASopened Gir.; ml;alfJ.bye·na. when theInouth of the womb has opened itself S.y.- 2, to divide, separate, resolve, sA'a siar7lyiNu byt it resolves int.o thick and thillmatter Moo.; (lian -bu .U},; - du dbyi. baro!1!fUr it separates into a thousand piecesGlr.; b]p-brug ma bye.bai bdr-du lIS longlIS the separation has not evidenced itselfD:::I.a.S-=-;..:r obyM.1Ja, pf. nnd imp. ~, pyed,

fyC$, fut. dbye, HZ "pe./t(8l, I'f.~d iIlJI~' "Jk(8?, vb. a., J. to open, ·Ka pee.)

Imi" W. ojJCu your mouth; 8fJQ pyh-nal J6g.pa Pill, "pi-Ie b6,..~. IV. to open the doorwithout. shutting it again; fig. Ms-l'!Ji tg()

/,,7l(lm-par /)!Jtd-pa; mig to open olle'~ oye~,

0rl" uv1:::um-pa ;llj,i.bai1IIigobyM-pa to openl\ blind man's e)'es D::l.; to open ngain whathad been shut or stollped, to J'estore, du,i­ga, yi·uu B., fam W the lllipetite; ba-hlMthe open I., b pronounced like II', Gram.;to get. nut, work out, felch out, stone-.ohiv('I'Sby m('ans of a chisel Glr. - 2. 10 separate,to keep asunder, to disentangle, tllrcads IV.;to disunitP, to st't at. vari:JDce, de-Jay dbyi­bai fyir in order to set them at varianCf',to create enmit.y u('twoen tb(,111 SiU.; to part,separate, byali -IMg-8tod -8mad mcin _,Irisdbye-ba 8it the cavity of the l'he\lt and theabdomen being separated b.v Ihe diaphragmS.y.; to divide, classify, "ys-I.-'yi sg6-na. dbye.na if tlLey are classified according t.o thedifferent species U.; to pick, to sort, pease;hence, to pick out, choose, select, ·j"i-tt Ay:Ni·make "our choice, nnd bring it here! W:;sbIlS-C~n-I'naI/l8 WI' kyi8 l'1lUm-par p'yt thehcings ore severed by their deeds TIlyy.;IM-l'!Jc.ba to open, to sepalll.tl', e g. when!Jands, that were laid in oa('h other, arcsepllrfilcd again Gll'.; J!d-ftye-ba also toopen, to begin to bloom; obyM~pa to dissectto anatomize TI,gy.; esp. with J'1lUm· par,10 analyze, 10 explain gran:unlltic:ally and 10­gj('ally, don, the sense, import, Stg. frq.;as sdiJ.d-pa is the opposite of it: obyed·sdUdanalysis and synthesis C,.; obytd4diJd-lyi 89raterm for the aUil: am, the di~juncti\'o par­ticle (ni C.) GIl',; 1I1i-hled-pa inseparable, in­divisible J imperishable, .Au ScI,.; unshaken,immovable, dad.pa Mil. frq.

C\S.c::,''''S.c::,' ob!Jcd-JpyUd $ell. longs, pincers.

~~...:r obyfm-pa, with b.IJM.·pa, 'to (lctwith promptness, determinAtion

and good sllocess' &h..

a.S"·::r iyir.ba pf. and imp. bf/tl'. to dis-perse in flight, to flee illdiff'Cl-ent

directions fri. (8oiJ-odus b!J'fr.nas mi odug­stt the maJ'ket.pCQple having tied, nnd DO

body remaining Pth..; to give way, to be

removed, <>t' di>ea-i-> /./., u||). t r tjyan and

/>//<;*, to pour out. to pour into another

vessel, to transfuse /.>./. ;m<l '*.

-pa, pf- fy/oys to lick /^./-. and

Jbyon-lHi I. pf btfd/t-ba 1. to be

cleansed. purified, v. bydii-ba.-

1 to be skilled, well versed, rig-byM-la in

the Vcdas Tar. II. pf Jbyons-pa to be

finished, perfect, complete, frq. with snyiii-

r)i>Mil and elsewh., to exercise full corn-

pa ssion(?Jcf. sbyof't-ba. (The above arrange-ment is nothing more than an attempt; in

order to arrive at any certainty as to these

roots, a far greater number of observations

would be required.)

J>y-p", pf- and >mp. byon, resp.

to go, proceed, travel, de-nas byon-

pa-na then in proceeding on the way Glr.;

to arrive, appear, become visible; also for

Obyvn-ba. e.g. i-(i it- hi/on \ \vith root of the

verb: pur-byon-pas preparing to fly Mi/.;

ma-byon-pa = ma-,6ns-pa future (Buddhas)

S.O.; to rise, to appear; with dat. inf. =jug-pa to begin, to set about a certain work

Tar. 125, 16.

n &!* Otydr-pa wealth, riches, goods, trea-

sures, Jbyor-pa zdd-mi-ses-pa dan

lddn-pn one possessing inexhaustible wealth.

bde-ba dan Jbyor-pa joy and treasures S.O.;

Jbyor-pa drug Pth., prob. six kinds of tem-

poral goods; rdit-yi Jbyor-pa lita and yzan-

gyi Jbyor-pa-lita five subjective and five

objective goods, of a similar nature as those

mentioned sub dal-Jbyor, yet without anyevident reason for being thus divided Thgy. ;

Jbyar-lddn rich, mostly used as a noun

personal.

intrs. of sbyor-ba 1. to

stick to, adhere to Med. ; *K-yny-la )<ir .so//*,

it is frozen fast W. ; Jbydr-byed spyin glue

Le*r,; Obyop*8man Bticking-plasUB1 W : to

infect, of diseases, Jbyor-nad an infection-

disease ( ,s. ;ilso mentally: */ or m'm-ltt jar*it sticks fast, is remembered, borne in mind.

399

"2. to be prepared, ready, at hand, ex-

tant, */f //in lii/nr-naii there being no meat

prepared D:L; j>rdl-du ,//////-// //,,/ //,//

that is not at once in readiness DzL; cijtydr-

ba des mcod-pa byd-pa to offer saciili-

of such things as are at hand 1 >:!.-. a'-ste

Jbydr -bur mi <jyiir-na but if he has not

such a thing at his disposal Sambh. 3.

to agree, mi- bydr-ba Kd-big some disagree-

ments, contradictions Tar. - II. resp. to

come, arrive, W., C; *l?yn-kyi ku d>m-du

jiir-gyu yin* I shall appear before, yourHonour 6'.; *nyiir-du jar yoii* 1 shall im-

mediately attend 6'.

otyol-ha, pf. and imp. b'jol, fut.

(and pivs in <'.) dbyol to give "i

make way, to turn out of the way, to step

aside, fciy-gis fcig-la Dzl.; Jbyol-tc ^o in

walking I make way (to people) Dzl.; W.

with accus. : *rul, las, diy-pa )6l-ce* to step

out of the way of, to shun, a serpent, toil,

sin. Sometimes jol-ba.

S3 M* o^rd-yc n. of a medicine Med.

"

brait v. brait 11.

('a>i->'yyds Mil. sacrifice, ofter-

ing of eatables.

bf'd/}-ba 1.pf. Obrar'is, imp. C 6ro/i,

to bear, bring forth, give birth; to

litter, brdn-mo an animal going with young,

bearing ( s. 2. also Obre/i-ba, pf. Obraits,

imp. Obre/'ts Mil. (Jbroii Sch /) to follow, to

walk at another's heels, with yyir, ////-/c/w

(-C?M), r)es-&u, W. *tiii-la* with gcnit., to

follow, pursue, hunt after, <%//-/>.s with a

stick It//.: to pursue, in one's thoughts.

foW.im p. A/vx/to scratch.

to Scrape, with the nails. ela\\> etc.; to

lacerate by scratching, ydon D;l.: als to

gnaw, nibble at

Obrdb-pa, pf.brab , imp. ^o/* 1.

to catch suddenly, to snap away,

snatch away, a tly with ones hand, the preywith a bound. -

'2. to beat, to scourge, '

Icdg-gi* with thorns Thgy.- to throw

out to scatter. magMtl objects, socb as grainsof barley etc.

rtrnov.d, of di~e"SI·g l.t., 01'11). t" r!l!la3 Iludb«IJfjfl.

r.:: :f.::r J)!J6-ba, pC. hI', l~!JO&, ill111·llyo· "yo,"\;: b!J04, 10 pour oul, to pour into anotllervessel, to transfuse l~,r. und (,.~:lp:r o~y<X.rIIa, I'f. b!JO!l' 10 lick Lu. and

c•.r:l~':r hIM-1m 1. p{ bt,ri.,j·ba 1. to be'"\::;i cleansed, purified, r. b!Jr;,i-bu. ­:? 10 be skilled, well versed, dfrb!JhMu, illthe Ved<l8 1'a,.. - JI. pC .byo,i.-pa to befinished, perfect, complete, irq. with luyiit­'It Mil lID,1 ebewb., to excr<:isc full coro·I)nsgion(~) cr. sblJd,i-ba. (Tbc u.bove arrange­lIlent is nothing more than 1m attempt; inonler to arrive I\t lIoy ccrtninty as to theseroo!.:>, a f,IT greater number of obscrvlltion~

would be required.)~·.:r ."!J0n-pa, pf. nnd imp. byon, resp.

to go, proceed, travel, de-nUl bydn­lXl-1j(l then in llrocecding on the II'a}' Glr.;10 arrive, appear, become visible; also for/!!fli,;-ba, e.g. I'wi-byu1f; wilh root of tilt\'crb: ptir~fI01f'1)(J,.$ l'l"epnritlg to fly MiL;tna-by<Jn_p« _ 'lIa-.0';'-/>« future(Bud,lh:\S)S.D.; to ri"e, to l,ppcnr; witll dllt. in£. "'"JNg"l!a 10 begin, to set aboul n certain workTal'. 125, 10.~.::.:,.r obyO"-l'a wealth, riches, goods, Irea-

$Ures, o!Jy;>J'-pa zdd-mi-Afs-pa dalilddn-JIII one po~seS:$ing inexballstiLlcwl'llhh,bdi.fJa dan ob!l0"-pa joy and treI\SUI'CS S.D.;obyOl'-pa dl'll!! PIli., prob. six kiDd~ of telU_ponti goods; rd"-[li .,byor-pa lila nml rzan­Y!li obYOJ'-IJa-ltla five subjecti"e and Jiveobjeetive goods, of a simibr nature 1\5 thosementioned sub dal-obyol', )'et "'ithout anye\·idellt rcason for being tbus divided 7'lIYY.;obyor -Idall ridl, 1ll0~tl)' used a~ a nounpersonal.~'.:::r Q..:l".:::r obydl' - ba, obyu,' - tm J.

'v intr~. vf 3b!f'lI'-ba l. tostick to, adhere 10 Ned.; ·~~I>.g-ta Jar :JOli·,it is fl"o1.eo fast w.; o"yl/I' - b~l 3pyin glueLy.; obp- ~I/lan ~tieking-I,lnste,' 1\'.; toinlect, of di"el\sc5, "byQl'-7lad nn infeetillusdi~ellsc Cil. 1Iiso mentlll1y: ·ld 01" ¥t71l-1ajm··it sticks fust, is rememLered, borne ill mind.

39J

t. to be prepared, re:tdy, "tlu!.nd, u­tant, III 11la bydJ'-neu there heing n', meutI,relmred IJ::l.; o1~rdl-du "by:r-ba lI'lfl !Jinthat is not at !.mel! in reacliIJe»$IJ::I.; H"by&'­ba de, mcoJ-pu b!lbl-pa to offer ,aerificeof such lbings as nre at hand Dzl.; i:i..ttoby6r-ba,. mi o!JYUr-,," but if he hRs not"lIch It thin~ nt his dispos"l $umb},. - 3.to agree, lIIi-.bydt··ba fd-eiy some di6/lgrec­U1enl.>;, contmdietions Tar. _. 11. resl'. tocome, arrive, W:, C.; ·rYf?-kJ}i ~"1' d~ilt-du

jri/' - g!JU !lin· I shall llPllCar before yourHonour {.'.; ·lIy,ir-dlljal' !JOti· I Slllill ilO­medintely attend {.'.

a.f-r.::r "b!J6l- ha, pI. nod imp. b]Ql, fUl(uotl Pl"cs. in C) db!JOl to give or

make way, to turn oul 01 the way, to stepaside, ri:ifl-gi. ri:ig,la D::.l.; "bydl-u .oro inwalking 1 make way (to people) D::l.; IV.with nceu".: ·rut, t<1$, dig-pu jot-ct- to stel'out of the way of, to shun, II scqJent, toil,sin. SOD.letinles JOI-ba.

~.2tf obrd-go n. of a medicine Med.

Q..;fC: b,.a,; v. bra.; n." .~;lC::61~ obr(I.Ji-IV!Jd& ,Mil. sacrifice, offer-

... -.iJ ing of eAtables.~;It:. ..::j' obrd,i-ba 1. pf. obra,;., imp. •broil,

"'" to bear, bring forth, give birth; 10litter, bru,;-/Ilo lin animnl going with )'ouog,beann;.c (8. - 1. nOO .,b,.;;'-!HI, p£. "&ran,,ilUl'· "breit" Mil. (obro,; Sd, n to follow, 10walk at another's heels. with Jiyil', f!li-bthl(-dll), rJe'-'Il, n: ·th;-la· witll g"niL, tolollow, pursue, hunt after, db!lNY'11a3 with 1\

stick 1'1/1.; to pursue, in oDe's thougub.

r.:51-·,:.r r.:--'=.:r "brM-po., .t'rad-IXI, pf."\""'1 '''\41 bl'ud,imp.bl'Q(ltoscra!ch,to scrape, with tilt nllils, cll\WS etc.; tolacerate by scratching, f(/o'; lJ::t.: Also tognaw, nibble atQ..::f.::f'.q" obrub-pa, pf. brub, imp. ltrob I.

"'" to catch suddenly, to snap away,snalch away, A lIy with one'$llItn,l, 1111:' preywieh n "Qund. - :!. to beat, 10 scourge, WI'­li:dg-gi. wi, I, thorus 'J'l,yy. - 3. to throwou~ to scaHer, Olllgiclll oLj...·t:L~, ~ndl "s glainsof, .9arll')" cw.

400

brdl-ba

Jbrdl-ba, pf. bral, imp. brol, intrs.

of prdl-ba, to be separated, parted

from, deprived of, c. dan, e.g. from ones

retinue, of the light of doctrine Dzl.; Jbrdl-

bar mi pod bu-mo Kyod thou, my daughter,from whom I am not able to part Glr.

;

cun-nu-nas pa-ma ynyis dan brdl-te from

a child bereft of parents, an orphan from

infancy Pth.;

to lose, to be bereft, frq. used

in reference to the death of near relations;

mdo-sde daii lag-pa mi brdl-zin as the sacred

writings never came out of his hands; skom-

pa dan brdl-bar gyur-to he got rid of his

thirst; nad dan brdl-bar gyur-to he recover-

ed from his illness, frq. (in such cases often

confounded by the illiterate with ndd-las

bsgral etc.) ;more particularly: srog dan etc.

to die, perish, frq. ; jig-cih Jbrdl-bar Ogyur-ba to be dissolved, of the human body Dzl.;

Odu-ba yod-na Obral-bar oil what was solid,

is dissolved in dust Dzl.; Jbral(-bar} med

(-pa) inseparable, indissoluble, frq.

Jbras, C. also Jbrds-mo, resp. bsaii-

Jbrds (Pur. *bras*, Ld. *das*, Lh.

*dai*, C. *de*) 1. rice; Jbras-dkdr(-mo) white

rice, Jbras-dmdr red rice (the inferior and

cheaper sort) ;of the former there seem to

be distinguished: Jbo-tsa-li (Hd. *basmati*),

rgyal-mo-ysdn, ham-dzem, Odzin- dzin the

second sort, ace. to Cs.; Jbrds -kyi srus

peeled rice Sch.; Jbras-sd-lu 'wild rice'/ScA..

;

Jbras-so-ba Sch. ;md Schr., rice not husked

Jri'ds-mo spos-sel or dkar- dzom Ts. maize.

Comp. Obras-cdn rice-wine, rice-beer. -

Jbras-cdn boiled rice. sa-Jbrds rice mixed

with small pieces of meat. Jbras-fug rice-

sou p.---

Obras-zin rice-field. Obras-zdn

dish of rice. Jbras-yos parched rice Med.

Obras-sil C. boiled rice, got up with butter,

sugar, apricots etc., W. *pu-ld, po- Id*, <jj

- 2. tumour, esp. larger swellings in the

groin etc.

Jbras-l)6n (*de -)6n* ) n. p.,

Sikim.

Jbras -spurts n. p., monasterynear Lhasa.

Jbrds-bu 1. fruit, e.g. hn-yi Mil.;

Jbrds-bu ye-med-kyi sa a country

bri-ba

producing no fruit Thgy.', corn, grain, Jbrds-

bu zor-bas brhd-ba Mil.; Jbras-nan a failure

of fruit. 2. testicle Wdri. cf. rlig-pa; mig-

Jbrds apple of the eye. 3. fig. effect, con-

sequence, esp. as opp. to rgyu, hence rgyu-

Jbrds cause and effect, more esp. in moral

philosophy=

retribution, requital, recom-

pense, reward, three grades being distin-

guished : \ . mam-par smin-pai Obrds-bu full

recompense, in the worst case by the punish-ments of hell; 2. rgyu bfun-pai Jbrds-bu by

adversity during life; 3. dbdn-gi Obras-bu

by unpleasant local circumstances, --so

Thyy. ; rgyu-Jbrds and Jbrds-bu also directly

denote the doctrine of final retribution, Jbrds-

bu mi bden the doctrine of requital is not

true Thgy. ;further: Jbrds-bu reward of as-

cetic exercises, the various grades of per-

fection, of which four are distinguished:

a. rgyun-du-zugs-pa 3jft<fnfPrT or as partic.

or

oqigf, he who enters the stream (that takes

from the external world to Nirwana); b.

lan-ycig-pyir-^on-ba ^9<f Hllf^*^, he who

returns once more (for the period of a

human birth); c.pyir-mi-.on-ba TJTnJ|Tfor*^

he who returns no more, being a candidate

of Nirwana; d. dgra-bcom-pa ^a^ff, the

Arhat, the finished saint; v. Kopp. I, 398.

ri - Kun or -gun sect of

Lamas and monastery in

Tibet, bri-Kun-pa member of that sect.

Jbri-ta a form of medicine, prob. a

kind of extract Med.; Obri-ta-sa- dzin

medicinal herb, an emetic, Med.; in Lh.

Cuscuta, which however does not agreewith the descriptions.

Q^'H" obri-ba, I. pf. and imp. b)'i, intrs. of

Opri-ba to lessen, decrease, diminish,

of water, frq. in conjunction with a, at

the surface, used with regard to size, numberand intensity (synon. Ogrib-pa). II. pf.

and imp. bris (Glr. also bri) 1. to draw,

design, describe, dkyil-Jior zig to describe

a circle or other figure; also to paint Glr.

'-'. to write, yi-ge letters, a letter (epistle);

yi-ger ''literis mandare\ to record, to write

down, something from hearing Dzl. : Jbri-

smyug writing-reed, pen, pencil etc.

'00

Q,5flf~' obrdl-lJa, pf. bral, imp. b,'Ol, intrs.-.; of Jmi.t- ha, to be separated, parted

from, deprived of, c. dan, e.g. frolll one'sretinue, of lhe light of doctriue Dzl.; ob1'111­bur mi]iod bU-'/1W 1.'yOO thou, my daughter,from whom I am no~ Able to I,art Gir.;@,j~nU-lI(l$ ria-rna rn~ dan brdl-te froma child bereft of parents, lin orphan frominfancy 1th.; to lo.e, to be bereft, frq. usedin reference 10 the death of near relations;~ida,jMg-po. mi b,'di·tin as the sacredII'ritings ne\'cr Cll.tne out of his hands; IkOnl­pa dan bral-bal' !/yur-lo be got rid of histbir6t; nad dall bnil-bar !/!Jit,.to be recover­ed from his illness, frq. (in SUeil cases oftenconfounded by the illiterate with mid-leutJ.gral etc.); wore particularly: 8rog cUl1i etc.to die, perish, frq.; Jfg-i:iil obrdl-bar o!Iyill'­ba to be dissolved, ofthe human body Dzl.;odu-/xl ydd.na obral-lJar on ~hat was solid,is dissolved in dust Dzl. j "bral(..fJar) moo(-pa) inseparable, indissoluble, frq.(J,:J~r i mu, C. also "brrD-'IIw, resp. Iwui-

"brds (Pur. "bral', Ld. "(hu", I.-h.·rJa~"', C. "11') 1. rice; "bnu-dkdr(-mo) whiterice, "bras-dmar red rice (the inferior anticheaper $Ort); of the fonner there seem tobe distinguished: "oo-tw-li (Hd. "basmau"),'"9!1al-nw-fsdil, ham-dzhn, "dzin-"dzin thesecond sort, ace. tn c,.; irrD - k!Ji SI'lI$

peeled rice Seh.; "bra.wd-lu 'wild rice' &A.;"br(lll-at>-ba &h. ilnd &hr., rice not husked"b"rD-1/U) s]JQ8-3il or dkar-"dzOm Ts. maize.

Compo "bras-can rice-wine, rice-beer. ­"bra.-ldn boiled rice. - Aa-"brds rice mixedwith small pieces of meat. - "bras-rUg rice­souf'. - "bras-H,i riee-field. - "bra.-zandish of rice. - "bras- yds parched rice Ned.- "br(lll-8il C. boiled rice, got up with butter,

sultar, apricots etc., W: "ilU-lri, po· hi", }~.- :l. tumour, esp. larger swellings in thegroin eiC.a.~~fC~ "bras-l)dJi ("1e -)o,i") n. p.,

Sikim.A:l~~~ "br(lll - ~;,s 11. p., monastery

'-> near Lhasa.r;;:l~'S" "bras-bu 1. fruit, e.g. AiJi-fIi Mil.;

""' "br«s·bu lie-malyi ,a a. country

producing no frui~ Tllgy.; corn, grain, "bNis­au zJr-ba8 br;,d-ba Mil.; "bra8-1ian n failureoffruit. - 2. testicle IVdli. cf.rlig-pa; mig­"bras apple of the eye. - 3. fig. effect, con·sequence, esp. as 0PI'. to 'WJII, hence "YSU­"brl.h cause and e/Tect, more esp. in moralphilosophy _ retribution, requital, rectm·pense, reward, three grMes being distin­guished: j. rndm-pur smin-pui "brd8-bu fullrecorupen8e,in ~he worst case by the punish­ments of Lell; 2. 'Y1!fU bfim-pai .,brd8-bu uyad\'ersity during life; 3. dbdn-gi "In-o,.buuy unpleasaot local circuDlstances, - soTlIfI!/o j '"fIYU-"brdB and "brdA-lJu also dirwtlydenote the doctrine of fjnal rebibution, "brd8­bu mi bdm the doctrine of requital is nottrue Thy!!.; further: "b"h-bu reward of as­cetic exercises, the various grades of per­fection, of which four are distinguished:Ro. '"!l!Ifin·du-Zugs-pu WlnlQftl or as partic."'Uf, he who enters the stream (tha~ takcsfrom the extcrnal world to Nirwana) j b.lan-fCig-pyir-,oli-ba \lilii(i'HfW'(, he whoreturns once more (for the period (If IL

human birth); c.i!Jir-1Ili-.o':'-ba .'IiliUr..",he who returns no more, being a cundidateof Nirwana; d. dgra-lXum-pa ......, theArhat, the finished saint; v. K(Jpp.I, 398.~-pt:.' orlfF' .,lrri -Ibm or -gwi sect ?(

'-> '-> Lamas and monastery mTibet, "bl'i-I..'iuj-pa member of that sect.r;~'7' "bri.ta a fonn of medicine, prob. a

kind of e:llract Med.; "bri-ta-aa-"ddnmedicinal herb, an emetic, Med.; in Lh.euseuta, which however docs not agreewith (be descriptions.

a~·.::f· "bri-ba, I. pf. and imp. bri, intrs. ofoP'ri-ba to lessen, decrease, diminitb,

of water, frq. in conjunction with I..'a, atthe surface, used with regard to size, nUtIlberand intensity (8ynono ,,[Irib-pa). - II. pf.nnd imp. briB (Glr. also bri) l. to draw,design, describe, dkyil-"Kor zig to describea circle or other figure; also to paint Glr..!. to write, !Ji-gt letters, a letter-(ejlistle);yi·ger 'liierU 1Iuuulo.rt', to record, to wriledown, something from heal"ing Dzl.: in­smylig writing-reed, pen, pencil etc.

401

Jbri-mo, WTt, tame female yak;

!</(></- l>ri I'f/i., or J>ron-J-i < '.s..

wild female yak; In-i-ml young female yak

LtL-Qtr., Obri-o yak-milk; Jbri-nmr yak-Imtter: l>ri-ni<h<> (W. *brim-dzo*) bastard

of bull and yak.

robri-m6g medicinal herb Med.

Ohriii middle, midst, mean, middling,

moderate, </>//// zlg something mode-

rate, of middling quality,= fsdd-ma or fig-

fs'iil \V.\ bri/t-po the middle one, of three

sons Dzl. and elsewh.; between stobs-cc and

i-i'/t-nu Lt.\ bzan nan Jbrit't ysum\ rnal-Jbyor

J>rin-po one that is moderately advanced

in contemplation Thgr. ; zld-ba Obrin-po v.

zla-ba; Qbrin-gis middling, moderately, adv.

nqr-q* Obri/i-ba, in zabs-JbHn byed-pa for

brdit-ba Mil.

o nc*j* Jbrid-pa 1 . also Odrid-pa, pf. >rw/,

to deceive, cheat, impose upon, bio

Obrid-pa id. Glr.; Jbrid-de rnod-pa-las Tar.,

as she wanted to seduce him deceitfully;

Ka-mnar-brid deceitfully, insidiously sweet,

being followed by a nauseous, acrid or

burning taste Med. 2. Cs. = Opri-ba.

nqjt-rj' Obrim-pa, I. vb., pf. brim(s) 1 . to

distribute, deal out, hand round,

sweet - meats, flowers, poems Dzl., Tar.;

... Za, to ... 2. Ld. to throw away, what

is worthless, = *pdn-ces*.-- II. sbst. dis-

tributer, dispenser, waiter at table Dzl.; Jbrim

(-pa) -po, id. Cs.

Obru grain, corn, seed, frq.; grain of

sand, bye-ma Obru rei sten-na on every

grain of sand Glr,\ Obm Ofay-pa to pound

grains Lex. 2. a single grain, piece, letter,

yi-ge Jbru ycig a single letter;also without

yi-ge: Jbru drug the six letters = yi-ge-

drug-payv. drug. 3. collectively, grain,

corn, in gen. Obrui Kal a load of grain Dzl.;

J>ru- sna mi Jcruns no kind of grain is

growing Glr.; Jbru gdn-bu-can pulse, le-

gume S.g. ; nor dan Obm-mams Opel money

and corn multiply.--

Obru-rd6g grain of

seed. Obru-sna v. above. --Jbru -ban

granary. Jb)~u-Jbu corn-worm, weevil Cs.

Jbru-mdr oil .-Mrai-trd tn.ni MM-<|- ; lamp-oil Dzl. --

Jbrii-tsoh-pa oil-merchant.'

Obru-fd/i, n. of a superior sort of

tea.

*q* n*n* Ob''u-ba, bru-ba, pf. and impNa \a brus, Odru-ba, drus 1 . to dig,

l,

:

itn-bu, dur, dan (cf. rk6-ba). 2. to chisel,

carve, cut. --3. Sch. to look through, yiga writing; to examine, Obru grain; hence

mfsan Jfo^u-ba to spy out, smell out, faults,

stirring up brawls and quarrels by it, SV,/.

to irritate, vex, provoke, mfsan Jbru-bai tsig

provoking words Lex.; snyad, snyon Jbrii-

ba to accuse W.

Jbrii-ma tumour, swelling, weal Sch.

Jbru-fsa an angular kind of Tibetan

current handwriting, v. CsomaGram.

Qff-ffo^-M Obru~sd v. bru-

-Co' $d.

Jbrug (Bal. *blug*) 1 . thunder, Jbrug-

skdd, Obrug-sgrd id.;skad-cen Jbrug

loud thunder; Obrug Jbod-pa Cs., grdg-pa

Dzl., Idir-ba Lex. and elsewh., thundering.2. dragon (to which thunder is ascribed

Sch.); yyu- brug snon-po blue dragon Glr

Jbi'ug-pa I. sbst. 1. sect of Lamas,

clothed in red, Schl.1%., established

in the province of Bhotan, ace. to Sch. =za-dmdr, sd-skya.

- - 2. Bhotan. -

II. vb. for Jbnib-pa Mil. frq.

(^jHST'CJ* obrud-pa,=

Obru-ba, also Odrud-pa.

__.-..obrub-pa 1. gen. with cu, to cause

to overflow, to gush, to spout forth

to flow over, Mil., Tar. and elsewh.; cu-

Obrub Lex., Obrubs Sch. water that has flown

over(?). Jbi-ub-po fluid, liquid; fluidity, a fluid.

Cs. (?). 2. r. to deal out. 3. Sch. to

shut up. wrap up.

-.... JbHim-pa 1. Cs. grain, minute par-

ticle,Jbrum-rdog* Jbru-rdog a single

grain,=

Obru; fruit, rgun-Jbrum grape; se-

Jbrum hip (fruit of wild brier) Sik. 2.

pustule, pock, gen. Obrvm-bu; Jt>rum-nad

small -pox ; Jbrum - nag black or deadly

small-pox; Jbrum- dkdr white small-pox;

Jbrum-Krd coloured small-pox Med., Of>non-

26

",,!t~ .bri."fO, ~, tame female yak;..... "fJOfl-.bn' PtA., or .brOIi-.lJn" C,.,

....·ild female yd:; ./Jri-:4J young (em.le yakJ.d..Glr., .~ yak-milk; jJri-Mar yak.butltr; .bri-_~'J (II'. °brilfl.d=tJ°) bastanlof ball and )'.k.

~K"'=Jf.bn-• .og IDedicina! herb .\1«1.

~~• •briit middle. midst. mean. middling,... moderalt, .briif.?:~ sometbing mode-

Ml~, of middling quality, = (.sOd....,,,, or fig­f,ri.l1V.; britt-po Ihe middle one, of threesons J):/. and el~1\"h.; bel""een uot.it'and'N,f.-ItN IA.; b~H ..ooPl.bn'" ,.,ttltl; rnal_.byOr.b';,i-l'() one that iii lUodel'1ltcly aJ\'ancedill contemplation TAgr.; ::ld-ba .b,ii!-JIO v.:la-ba; .bri.i-gi. middling, moderalely, adv.

a.Sr::::r im'it..Qa, in ~(Jba-/)/;i1 byld11(J for{mii.-ba Mil.

~;'::::·.:r .brifl-pa 1. nlso .d,;a-pa, pC. brid•...... 1 to deceive, cheat, impose upon, blo

.brid""]l(J id. Gir.; <>brid-d~ riWd-pa-lcu Tar.,as she wanl.ed to !educe him deceitfully;fa-",tiar-IJrld de«itfuJly, insidiously sweet,beiog (olloy;ed by 3 nauseous, acnd orburning ttl.l;le Mtd, - 2. C.. = J;';-ba.

~!!.=:r. .bnM~, I. vb., IJf. brim(,) 1. to-. distribute, dtal out, hand round,

sweet - me-ats, fio.'e-rs, poems D::l" Tar.;'" la, to" , - 2. lA. to throwaway, .'hati worlhl~ _ ·iJdti-m·, - II, abst. dis­tributer, dispenser, waiter at table D:L; .brim(-po) 1"'. ;d. Y.

1:.£1'.brt4 grain, tem, seed, frq.; gmin of'" pod, b!jt-ma .1JrM r~i 1fi,C·'ja 00 e\'ery

grAin of Sl\nd Glr.: iru ..fay-po. 10 Iioundgnlins LI.l'. - 2. a single grain, piece, letter,!li-g~ ..bru J·ti!! n single letter; alilO .....ithou~!Jl'-yl: "Oro d,'itU the six letters - yi-ge­drlifJ-pd, v. tb'UfJ. - 3. collective-Iy, grain,com, ill gen, inti fal a lond of groin Dzl,;.briJ - .no 1111 "hil, no kind of grlloin iswo..... ing Glr.: .bru !!aH-bu-tall IlUl~. Ie­gUDle 8.g.; 'ICr dalf ..,,",-ma,nl ofJd mone)'and loom Illultiply, - .bl'u-rddg grain ofseed. - ..brH-."a '-, aboTt. - "IJI"U - bdtigranary, - ..bn..-.b. com-worm, v,'eevil l.i.

<OJ

.,-.".ar oil exlncle-d from -J j lamp_oil D:l. - ,,6ri.-6&it-pa oil-me~hanL

Q,S-q:::' "bnl-faio, u, of • supnior .on of~ ....

c;S'.::r g-=T "brV-ba, lww./ia, pi and imp.... '~ bnu, .dril-b4. d"" 1. to dig,

fN"...w, dw, dori (el, r!6-ha). - 2. tochise~

cane, cut - 3. &4.. to Iooil Ittrevgh, yig" "fI'riling; to eumine, .6r... grain; heDCe"lfM" ,,6rv-ba. to SP)' oul, 5m~U oot, faulu,slimng up brawl!; aDd quanels by it, 819,to irrit~le, vex, provoke. wlhwi .,bri4-hai flifJjlro'l"oklog words l .•u,; ,n!j4d, t1lpon .In;..­ba to accuse U~

Cl:r,;r "{,,.u_1IIa tumour, swelli"90 weal &!I.~

Q,:ret' "bru-f3a 80 angular kind of Tibclan..... current handwriting, v.<Ao"'aGrom,

QS'.t1llf, ~--9' ,,~ru-Jdl, ..bl"'\£·ld v, bru-'" '" Ill.

Q,:J:rr "b~g (/Jol. ·bl~~) 1, thun,d~r, .lmJo­'" J..tid, "brv.[l-tgra Id.; J:ad-un ,,6rvg

loud thunder; "IJrug "bOd-po Ct., grdg-paD:l., idir-oo Lu, And elsewh., thundering.- 2. dragon (10 which thund~r is ascribed&h.); r!fU-"britg Sli6n-po blue dragon GIl'

t=.=l:rr.:r ,,6rMg-po J. 5hL 1. sect ollamu,.:;:; clothed in red,&Al.73"e6tabljlbed

in the provioce of Bbotan, ace. to SeA, ­za-dtnk, = Ili-dya. - 2. Bhotan. -

II. vb. for .6nilrpo Mil, frq.

":>,\':j" .,,",d.pa. _ .bn>-bo,"~ .driM1-po.~

~.:::r.:r "bri.b-pa 1. gen. wilb lw, to cause'" to overflow, 10 gush, 10 spout lorth

to !low over, Mil., Tar, and eJsewh.; n,....brub Lu" .bnw. &!I. wat~r that bu flowno\'er(?), ..bruh-po fluid, liquid i fluidity, a fluid,(4, (?), - 2. U, 10 deal out. - 3, A, toshut up, wrap up,Q,;I~':J' ..brulII-p« I. C.. grain, minute par­~ licle."bru,u-Mog."bnl-,.dtJg a s.ingle

grllio, - ..bru; fruit, '!J'Iln-"britm Srlll"IC; _.,britm hip (fruit of ..... ild brier) 8ik. - 2.pustule, pock, gen. "l..nnn-bw; .6rvIH.-rwdl!lnali - JX'I; "b,..... - fIllg black or deadly.mall.pox; .bnutt - dMr white small-pox j

.brwm-I!rti coloured ,,-mall-11OI Mtd., ,,"'-

"

402

brum-lha-mo

pa and Jbrum - pa nag -po as name of a

disease of the groin, prob. bubo Med.

Jbrum-rjes pock-mark. Jbrum-po a large

grain Cs.; Jbrum-bu a small grain; pock,

pustule, v. above.

Cl^W^'^r obt'um ~lha-mo Sch, a tutelar

-^o goddess of little children, wor-

shipped by the Shamans.

cA'e" ^a

i pf- and imp. bres to draw

over or before, to spread, to stretch,

a net Glr.}a curtain Glr., a canopy, awn-

ing Lex.; to wrap a thing up in a cloth, in

order to carry it, as books, a corpse Tkgy.

Mty-pa, pf. breg(s\ imp. brog(s),

alsoOdreg-pa to cut off, sin-ta-lai

lo-ma bregs-pa a plantain branch cut

off, as representing a being irremediably

cut off from its former state of existence

Mil.; to mow Sch.; of parts of the body:ske to cut off a person's neck Thgr., p'o-

mfsdn the membruin virile Schr., rtai sug-

pa the foot of a horse, prob. only the ten-

don of it, as much as to lame, to disable

Glr.; also to sever with a saw; most frq.

in reference to the hair, to cut off, to shave,

with the scissors or a razor, skra dan Kd-

spu frq.; Jbreg-mKan barber, hair-cutter DzL ;

Jbreg-spydd a sharp small knife Sch.

Jbren-pa Cs., bren-ba strap, rope,

ko- breii leather strap; sa- bren

Mil.', Jbren-fag Cs. cane-ribbon, made of

buck-leather; leading-rope, guide-line.

Jbren-bu Cs. cobbler's strap.

*T Obren-ba frq. for Jbrdn-ba.

re^ S^ si ' v ' Jrel-ba II.

Jbrel-p<*> connection, conjunction, yet

only in certain applications: 1.

connection between cause and effect, used

also at once for effect, consequence, efficacy,

smon-lam-gyi Jbrel-pa the eificacy of prayerMil. frq. ; ^jog-pa to apply, make use of it

Mil 2. the vascular and nervous system

conjunctively, the two systems in their to-

tality, nif., Med. --3. genitive case, the

sixth case of Tibetan Grammarians, Jbrel-

pai sgra, the termination of it, kyi. 4. a

small quantity, a little, a bit, zds-kyi Jbrel-

pa zig dgos I ask for a little bit to eat Mil.

frq.; cos(-kyi) Jbrel(-pa) fob -pa to snatch

up a little bit of religion Mil.

<>rel-ba I. vb., intrs. of sbrel-ba,

1. to hang together, to cohere, to

be connected, rtsa dan rus-pa tsam Jbrel-ba

connected only by veins and bones, nothing

but skin and bone DzL; ^od-zer-gyi drd-

bas Obrel-te covered with a continuous net

of rays Glr.; gen. with dan, bod dan rgyai

Jyi^el-fsul the connection with, or the inter-

course between Tibet and China Glr.; de

dan Jbrel-bai las the functions connected

with, and peculiar to (a certain organ) Lt.;

Jbrel-mfsams I . joint, or rivet of pincers etc.

S.g. 2. boundary, W. 2. to come together,

to meet, to join, Qbrel-ytam gossipings in

meeting on the road Mil. -- 3. to meet

sexually, to cohabit, de dan lus Ob)-el-ba to

cohabit with (him or her) Glr.; (Ihdn-du)

Jbrel-ba-la(i)bu skyes they having cohabited,

a child was born Glr. II. sbst. Obrel-ba

or Jbrel union, communication, connection,

bod dan Jbrel byun the union with Tibet

took place Glr.; rgya bod ynyis Jbrel cad

the union ceases Glr.; *nor-del co-ce, nor-

del-la cd-ce* W., to form a mercantile con-

nection, to enter into commercial intercourse.

las- brel = las- pro q.v.--

ynyis-Jbrel,

ysum-Jbrel a .double, triple consonant, e.g.

sk, skr.

ob>'ff solitude, wilderness, uncultivat-

ed land, esp. summer-pasture for cattle

in the mountains; thus Jbrog-skyon-ba Ld.-

Glr., SchL 15, 6 might imply: to attend to

a mountain dairy ; gdm- brog a near, rgydn-

Jbrog a remote summer-pasture; Jbrog-Kyi

Cs. a large shaggy shepherd's dog; Jyrog-

dgon, Obrog-ston, Obrog-sa = Jbrog. Jbrog-

ynas l. pasture-land 2. people occupying it.

Obrdg-pa, Jbrog-mi\(\.; more particularly,

inhabitants of the steppe, nomadic Tibetans

Sch., Jbrog- mo wife, Jbrog -prug child of

such a nomad. Jbrog- zdd Sch. rude,

rough, boorish, Obrog- zad ston - pa to be

rude etc.

broA 1. (^JTT)= yyag-rgod, wild

yak Glr.; bydn-Kai Jbron^ the yak of

'0-2Q,~.~.~ .brom-lAa.-.mo~

pa llnd .brlim· pa ntig. po a.s Ilame of adisealle of the groin, prolJ. bubo Med. ­irum.r)t1 poek-Ull\I'k. - .brli.m-po l\ largegrain Q.; .brilm-bv. a IWllIll graio; pock,pustule, ,.. above.~,f~ iU1lm.l/Ia.-JIt(J &1.. a tuteltH

......., godde:ill of little ebildren, wor­shipped b)' the Shamans.a.S·:r i ri • ba, pc. and imp. brn 10 draw

over or befort, to sprtad, to stretch.a ne\ Glr., a curtain Glr., a canopy, awn­jng La.; to wrap • tlting lip ifl a doth, inorder to carry it, u books, • corpse T!Jgy.a...~.:r .br~.rP(J, pf.lwtg(.}, imp. brog(I),

aL"O .d~.pa to cut off, ijli-la-/ai[0 - ma ~ _1'" • plaillain branch cutoft', all rrpresenting a bemg irremediablycui oft' from its former stale of existenceMil.; to mow &h'i of parts of the body:d¥ to eu\ off .. person'. neck Tilgr.• 1;';'mfulll tbe membrum virile &.r., rtaj ,wrpa lhe £00\ of a horse, prob. ooly the leo­don of it, '" much as to IlLme, to disableGiI'.; also \0 sever with a saw; most. £rq.ill reference to the bair, to cut ofl', to shave,with the scissors or Il ruor, tkra dlJli l!tl­'1'" frq.; .brlg-mk.,. barbM-, hair-cutier D::l.;.P~Jdd a sl,arp small knife &h.l;~I:..''f .lniii-pa l.i., b..hi.oo strap, ...pe,

.... J;x, ••b,.bi leRtber strap; ia ••brtitMil; .brtii-fag C•. ClIne-ribbon, made ofbuck-leather; leRding.rope, guide-line..brbi-bu c.. cobbler's strap.c.§C:;':;r .brtii.oo £rq. for .lwdif..fJa.

~§G.l' .brcf sbst.. v• •bril.oo n.Q,~G.l'Q' .brll-pa connection, conjunction, yet

only in certnin npl'lications: 1.connection between cause and effect, usedDiso a.t once fol' effect, consequence, efficacy,,mdn-lam-yyi .bril-pa tile efficacy of rmyerMil. frq.; Jog-pa t() apply, make use ()f itMil. - 2. the vascular and nervous syslemconjunctively, the tW() systems in their to­taliLy, oi f., Med. - 3. genitive ease, thesixth CIlo8e of Tibetan Grammarians, .lwel­pai 'fI"a, the termioo.Lion of it, kyi. - 4. asmall quantity, a little, a bi4 zdJ-.lyi .brel-

pa Zig dgof 1 a:.k for nlittle biL to et\L Mil.frq.; CoJ(-kyl) .bril(-pa) ftJO-pa t.o snatchup a little bit of religion Mil.c.,§or::r obreJ,.ba 1. vb., intrs. of fbril.ba.

1. to hang together, to cohere, ..be connected, raa dail nu-pa tJam iril.ooc()nnected ooly by veins and bones, ootILingbut s.kin ::md oone D:I.; _oJ..:ir-gyi drd­btu .bdl-t, covered with a continuous nct()f rays Glr.; gen. with daif. bod dDit rg!lai.lwil-fnd the connectioo with, or the inter­course between Tibet and China GIr.; dtdall .brit-bo.i I(J$ Lbe fllDctions connectedwilli, and peculiar to (a certain orgllD) Lt.;.brtlrmf_ I. joint, or riv1!t of pincers etc.S.O' 2. bolllldary, IV. - 2. to come togtlllet,to meet, to join, .bdl-)'tam gossiping5 inmeeting on the road JlJiL - 3. to meetsexually, to cohabit, lk dtui lu. .brll-OO. to

eoh:lbit. with (him or her) Gir.; (l4dll"').bril-ba-la(,)lN PlW they having CClhabited,a child was born Gir. - n. sbst. .brtl-bnor .brtl union, tomfDUnicaliCIn, conneetitll,bod daii iml b,ywi the union willi Tiltettook place GIr.; ryya bod /'nyiJ .brei ladthe uni()n ceases Glr.; -_-4R M-h, JWr'-­

(jtt-la M.a· lV., WI form ft mercantile con­nectlon, to enter intooommercial intercour8C.- l~-.brtI. - Uu-.Pro q.v. - ynY"'.bril,J'lum-.bril a pouble, triple consonant., e.g.,,1, dr.r:;~ /n-og solitude, wiklemess, uncultivat-

:::i ed land, esp. summer-pasture for Cllulein the mountains; thus .brog..ltyori-ba Ld.­Glr., &hl. 15, 6 might imply: to attend to

a mountain dairy; gdm-.brag a near, rgydn­.brag a remote summer-lllWjturei .In'OtJ-l!yiIA. n large shllf,'8'Y ~bepherd's dog; .brdg­dgon, .brdg-,toit, .hrdg-,a - .brog.•brdi./""J'1i~ I. pasture.land 2. people occupying il- .brdfJ-pa, .h,.dg-lIIi id.; more IJnl'ticularlr,inhabitants of the steppe, nomadic TibetnosSch., .brdg - me wife, .hrag-ftriIg child ofsuch a. nomnd. - .hrog - tad &h. rude,rough, boorish, .brag - zad .tOn - po. to berude etc.

"-!l'" ."'" I. ("""<J - "'"" -""", ridyak Gir.; bydit.f(ai, .bron, the Jtlk of

brom tbdr-mo

Jang-thang ; Jbroh-Jbri cow, Obron-prug calf,

Obroit-ko skin, leather, Obron-tta flesh, Obro/i-

ru or -m G7/\ horns of the wild yak.-

. v.

noun personal; Obrom-ston a

celebrated Lama and scholar in the

llth. century.

Obros-pa, pf. and imp. i/us, to flee,

to run away ( W. *sor-cc*\ /ms-

xi/t (jab-pa to flee and liide one's self DzL;

/<//// Obr6s-so (the array) took to flight Glr.;

Obr6s-pai ynas DzL, Ob)'ds-sa Glr. place of

refuse: fig. miy Kun-du bros his eyes are

.sunk, hollow S.g. Obros-sa a large dorsal

muscle Med. --ynyid- br6s-pa = ynyid-

DzL WL, 9.

j*rba v. dba.

ir- rbad 1. Sch. a large species of eagles.- 2. W. crutch,

=/?/>

- ka. - - 3. =

riai. 4. great (?) v. ka-rbad; rbad-sgraa strong voice <ScA.; cf. rbod-rbod. --5.

quite, wholly, entirely (?) rbdd-ycodr-pa, rbad-

tser fcod-pa Mil. to cut off entirely, to ex-

tirpate; *fag-c{> be'-co'* resolute C.

xr-gJcn^r rbad-skydgs Sch. residue, residu-

um, dregs, husks etc.

rbdd-pa 1. vb., imp. rbod, to set on,

incite, Tar., C., e.g. Kyi; to excite,

instigate, animate, Cs.; rbad-Ka S.g. an in-

citing talk(?).-- 2. adj. undulating, undu-

latory Sch.

rbad-rbod, thick, dense, close, strong,

great ( '*., .s/w/ rbad-rbod Lex.

rbab, 1. Med., Sch.: a kind of dropsy,

skya-rbdb Sch., also sa-rbab Lt. id.(?)- 2. the rolling down, also rbad, e.g. rdo-

rbdb loose stones rolling down, a frequent

annoyance in high mountains Pth., rbab zi-

bas after the rolling of detritus had ceased

Mil.;*bad pog son* a piece of rock rolling

down hit him W.; rbab sgril-ba Lex. to roll

down, trs.; rbdb-pa id. intrs.; mar-la rbdb-

tu sor it rolled down and away Mil.

\rbe Sch. 'the fur of the stone-fox'.

2f rbo Sch. milt of fish.

'

rbod v. rbdd-pa.

- Uxi-ba 1 . wen, goitre. 2. knots, ex-

crescenses on trees, on account of their

speckled appearance often worked into drink-

ing-bowls; Ibd-tsa Med., prob. a kind of

salt, used as a curative of goitre.

'Zjcn- Ibag bubbles (?), *%u bag gydb-ce* to'

strike the water, so as to make it

splash and foam W.

H~ba>dbu-ba bubble, foam,

froth, slaver; cu-lbu Le*. ; Ibu-

nyun producing little froth Lt.; Ibu-

ba bsdl-ba to scum or skim off C's.i ffrog*

cu-yi Ibu-ba dan Odra a friend is like water-

bubbles.

*ST sba v. spa.

sba-ndg Sch. a mean house, hovel, hui

sbd-ba 1. vb. fut. of sbed-pa q.v.

2. sbst. privy parts, pudenda Stg.

sbdg-pa, pf. sbags, imp. sboys (cf.

Obdg-pa), to soil, stain, defile, pollute.

dri-mas Lex. 2. to mingle, intermix, Lex. .

sbdn-ba v. sb6n-ba.

t- sbdn-ma malt from which beer has

been brewed, v. can; sban-skom id.

dried, sban-pye id. reduced to flour (of an

inferior quality) Cs. ; glum-sbdn Ts. = sbdn-

ma; sban-cu barm prepared from it W.

sbaris dung of larger animals, rtai

sbans Glr. (*stal-bdn(s)* Ld), bon-

sbaits, alari-po-cei sbans Cs.; sbans-litd id.,

used for manure; sbaiis-skdm id. dried for

fuel.

,.,-._. sbdb-ca C., *sbdb-)a* W. a certain

number or quantity of trading-ar-

ticles, e. g. ofpaper, a quire of 1 100 sheets,

a bundle of matches etc.

-.-..-.. sbdm-pa, pf. sbams, imp. sboms, to

put or place together, to collect, to

gather, pyogs ytig-tu Lex. ; smyug-ma sbdms-

pa Odra like reeds laid together Wdn.

'^" sbdr-ba, v. sbdr-ba.

sbdr-nto v. spdr-mo.

26*

.1"ng-thJl,ng; /Jf"Oi,·ob,·i cow, obron-ftri<fJ CAlf,obroil-Jro 5kin, lenthcr, obroJi-ia flesh, .bro,;­"1 or -"a Gir. horns of the wild yak. ­2. v. /mJit-6a.~eq' oln'()n! noull personal; obI"OJfl.,t01l II

I~cldm\tcd Lama nnd ~cJ.olnr in ti,eIllh. century.q:"::'\l',:r "bro.-Pil, pf. /tnl! illll)' bTo&, to flee,

"'" 10 run away (w. °!or-te°), .b.m-iii; yub,plt to Jle<:lllud !Lide one'" self Dzl.;hit' ohrm-M) (the army) took to Oi~ht Gk;.f.,r~-pai ynaa D::l., o&lm.W, Gl,.. pbce ofrefuge; fig. miy J.'Uil-dll b,'W his c}'es nresunk, hollow S.g. - olmJ,..Ja n lnrge dol'Sll]ruu-"Cle Ntd. - )'1ly';d'obro.-J'a = Yll!Jifl.wg-pa mDzl. ~JJ.., 9.

ef rba v. dim.

.Q~' rbad I. $ch. 1\ large :<peciNi of eagles.- 2. W: crutch, _ pQli _ ka. - 3. _

l-bab. - 4. great('?) v. ka-,'bud, l-bad-llflrallo strong voice &1•. ; of. rbod-rbOJ. - a.quite, wholly, entirely(?) ,-bdd-yeod-pa, road·ts~r Trod-pa Mil. to cut off entirely, to ex~

tirpate; ·(afJ-~!; bt'-lr,?* resolute (:.q~.if:rr~' rbad-J.:!J6g~ &h. residue, residu·

~- um, dregs, husks etc.

~~'=J' ~-b~d-l)~ ,1. vb., imp.~, to set ~n,incite. 'Jar., c., e.g. J.!YI; to excite,

instigate, animate, QI.; rbad-J..'a S.g. an in­citing tllll: (?). - 2. ndj. undulating, undu·latory Sen..q~'~. "bad-,'bdJ, thick, dense. close,strong,

great C,., urn l·bad·,.Wd L/'~.

~. rbab, 1. Mtd., &n.: a kind of dropsy,$l.-ya-rbab &/1., nlso 8U·rlJah Lt. id.(?)

- 2. the rolling down, lliso I-bad, e.g. rdo­rlxib loose stones rolling down, /l. frequentll.nno}"flnce in high mountains PtA., rbab Zi­Ix4 ufter the rolling of detritu8 hnd censedMil.; ·bad Vofl ~()li· a Ilieee of rock rollingdown hit bim W; rbab &gril-ba 1.-/'J:. to rolldown, trs.; rbab·pa ill. intI'S.; mu....la I'lHib­tu lor it rolled down aDd away .llil.

~. rUe Se". 'the fur of the stone·fox'.

~ rbt> Seh. milt of fish.

-403

~. rlKxl , . .-6<1d-pa.

1':.1·,:::r lbd-lJa 1. wen, goitre. - 2. knots, ex·::! crescenses 00 trees., on woount of theirspookled ftppeal'l\nce of~nworked into drink­ing-bowls; lhd_ (sa Mtd., prob... kind ofs1\I1, used AS l\ curative of goitre.r:.r,::rr Iba.9 bubbles (1), *Cu bag fl'Jab-c,* to::! 'I strike the wa~r, so as to make it811138b nnd foam lV.Iij",::r ~'.:::r llni-ba, dhU-ba bubble, foam,...,' froth, slaver; cu-lbu l..u.; Ihil­bC(f~ nywi producing little froth IA. j Ihil­ba b3til-ba to ~cum or ~kim off <:4.; fI"'O!l'cu-yi lbri-ba da,' .ira a. friend is like wMer­bubbles.

Wsba v. 3pa.

W'ffr ,1m-nag &n. a mean house,hovel, hut

~r::r wa-ba L vb. fut. of 3btd-pa q. \". -2. sbst. privy parts, pudenda Stg.

~1:fJ"r 3bd!J-pa, pf. wags, imp. 3bog, (cf.obdg-pa), to soil, stain. defile, pollute,

rlri_ma3 Lu. - 2. to mingle. intermix, u.z. ~

~'.q' 3bali-ba v. Ibdli-ba .

~.~. sbdli-7IIa mal~ from wbieh beer hasbeen brewed, v. can; .bwi-lk6m id.

dl'ied, wari-Fyi id. reduced to flour (of "1'1inferiol' qunlity) C•. jglul/I.3bdil. T•. ,.. .bd,i­11la; slmit-Cu oorm prepnred from it W.

~'C~. 3ba1i. dUDg of IMger ftnimllls, rtai3ba.n. Gir. r,tal-bdti(.)* IA.), 00';­

"xu's, gluli-po-'&i sbali. 0.; .ba,••-!ild id.,used for mllDure; wwis-lku11I id. dried forfuel.~.::r-o' Ibab-~a c.. *Jxfb-)a* W: A certain

number or quantity of tradiog-ar­ticle!:', e.g. ofpnper,a quireoflQ--lOOsheets.,a bundle of mnt.ches etc.~5of'r .lxim-pa, pf. sba"". imp. WoIIII, to.:::l put or place together, to coiled, togather, 'fyog. yH,q-tu u.z.; '''Iyil''''''la.ooms­pa odra like roeds laid togetber IVd,;.

~'::':::l' Ibtir-ba, ,". JxW..IJa.

.::.;r: 3bdr-mo '1". ~pdr.'/l'W.

,..

404

r sbal "]" sbed-pa

XJQT sbal (perh. the same as the following^

sbal-pa), Idg-pai the soft muscles of

the inner hand, cf. also pyag-sbdl; the soft

part of the paw of animals.

i sbdl-pa and -ba frog (rather

scarce in Tibet), one Lex.

r, crab, crawfish (?); sbdl-pa dkdr-po Stg.

stated to be a large species of frog; ndgs-

sbal Lt. prob. tree-frog; rus-sbal tortoise;

sbal-cun or -Icon Pth. 1. a young frog, tad-

pole 6s. 2. vulg. (from ignorance) lizard;

sbal-rgydb S.g. tortoise-shell.

sbal-mig bud, eye, gem, sprout,

shoot, Ofon comes forth, Jbye opens

sbid-pa Ts. for sbud-pa bellows, in-

strument for blowing,

w sbu-gu hollow, cavity, in the stem of

NS a plant or a grass-blade Mil.

"sbu-ba v. Ibu-ba.

xrQj*insbu-la-Ka Ts. bka-blon-sram, sable,

vl mustela zibellina.

sbu-lhdn Ts. Q'bu-hl<_'n*} plane, tool

used in joinery.

^jnvpnr sbug-col, sbub-cdl Cs.,

Glr.; *sbuy-zdl, sbum-zol* W. large brass

cymbal ;*dun -

ce, pdb - ce

cymbals.

*! to play the

a =Obugs-pa, to perforate, to

pierce.

sbug-(sbug-}po Cs. hollow.

sbugs-hdg (*bu-hdg*) 1. the

panting ofa dog *S^. 2. bassoon

with a large and nearly globular bell-mouth

W. -

sbud-pa 1. vb. to light, kindle, set on

fire, seldom, Lex. : me-cas sbud-pa

q.v. sbst. bellows, usually consisting of

two skin-bags, the orifices ofwhich are open-ed and shut by the hands, and which are then

squeezed together, so that the compressedair passing through a tube is driven into

the fire; sbud-pa Obud-pa Cs. or rgydn-baSch. to blow or work the bellows; sbud-

rgydl=

sbud-pa.

J" sbun-pa v. spun-pa.

I,more frq. sbubs, hollow,

>o cavity, excavation, interior space,

f/un-bui Lex. tubular cavity, in bones etc.

S.g.; subterraneous passage, conduit, sewer

6.; sbubs-su Ojug-pa, sbubs-nas Ofon-pa to

put into an underground hole or recess,

to come forth from it Glr., Mil.; sbiig-

tu, nor sba - ba to hide money in such a

place Lex.; hiding-place, hidden recess, =san-

seii; hole for inserting the handle of some

instrument Sch. ;sans kyi sbubs ynyis hollow,

expanded nostrils 6s.; sbubs -Jbydr Med.

disease of the penis, prob. stoppage of its

orifice by gonorrhoea, cf. m)e.

sbun-yter Pth. a small buildingin the style of a monument, in

which sacred writings are deposited.

TX- sbur ant 6s., prob. identical with the

^ following (cf. grog-sbur).

sbur-pa beetle, cu-sbur S.g.; sbur-^cen,

-cun, -dmdr, -mgyogs 6s., denotingvarious kinds of beetles.

sbur-ma, = sbun-pa, chaff, husks etc.;

rlun-gis sbur-ma bus-pa Itar Dzl.,

sog- sbur cus yyen-ba Itar Pth. like chaff

scattered by the wind, carried along bythe water; sbu-len or -Ion amber Wts.

T sbe-ga Lex. w. e.

r sbe-ba Sch. to scuffle, wrestle.

J" sbeg-pa lean, lank, thin S.g.

sbed-pa, pf. sbas, fut. and common

secondary form sba, imp. sbos, W.

*sbd-ce*, pf sbas, to hide, conceal, fter a

treasure, mdzod-du in a store-house; ma-

mo sbed-pai pug cavern in which a Mamois concealed Mil.

; dpun-gi fsogs fsdl-du to

conceal troops in a wood Dzl.; yter-du to

deposit as a treasure Glr.;sai ^6g

- tu in

the ground Dzl.;also as much as to inter,

to bury Dzl. ; *sbds-te or b?-te bor - ce* W.

=sbed-pa; *sbds-te* secretly, clandestinely,

by stealth W. ; mi sdig-can-la lus sba pyir

in order to hide our form before sinful men,

in order not to be recognized by them Mil.;

404

~ .6al (perh. the same llS the following.Q ' wal-pa), ldg-pai the soft muscles ofthe iuner hand, 6. also pyaO-t.bal; the softpart of the paw of animals.W'...f'tr nnd .q Wdl-pa and·OO frog (rather

searce in Tibet), ODe Lex.lfili'z, crab, crawfish (1) j sllal-pa dkdr'"]'Q Sty.stat(ld to be tL large species of frog; nags.Wal Lt. prob. tree~fros; rW-sbal tortoise;dJal-cun or _lCori Pt.h. t. a young frog, tad·pllie Cs. 2. vulg. (from ignorance) lizard;sbaH-fl!Jdb S.g. tortoise-shell.l!>I~r~:rr soot- mig bud, eye, gem, SpNlut,.Q shoot, o(oncomes forth, obye opens&g.~~?.r wid-pa T•. for witd-pa bellows, in-

strument for blowing.

ij"tlf 3M,.f!U Ilollow, cavity, in the s~m of~ -..,,; a plllIlt or l\ grass-ulnde Mil.

y.q' sMAm v. Ihit-ba.~

'~rt:.l"f sbu-la-I.'a Ts. - bka-blOll-iram sable,~ f7lustela zihellilla.~~. 8bu-UI~n .~. elm-Min·) plane, tool.s'" used In Jomery.

~"TiI;iir ~'l''''''l' _",,"-<dl,.lnd>-ldl c..,-..,,; '..., '\bog - "rol- (?) Ld.­Gll'.; "sbug-zdl, sbum-zOl" W. large brasscymbal; ·diui-te, rfdb - i:ff IV: to play thecymbals..~~'f w:g-pa - "bUg3-pa, to perforate, to"" pIerce.

~"'T(W'I)?f -"""-(.,,,,"-)p' c.. hollow.~ ~

lStl'](~') WlI!'(3), more frq. 3bubs, hollow,t! cavity, excavation, interior space,furi-bui Le:t. tubular cavity, in bones etc.S.9'; sobterraneous pa"age, conduit, sewerC.; 3bUbNu Jug-po., sMbs-1UlJj ,,(6n-pa toput into an under81'Qund hole or recess,to come forth from it Gil'. , Mil.; sbug­lu ncr 3bd - ba to bide money in such aplace Lu.; hiding,place, hidden reeesS,_san_se,;; hole for inserting the handle of someinstrumentSrh.; Ad/is kyi shubt. ynyis hollow,espanded nostrils 03.; sbubt. - "h!Jdr hIed.disease of the penis, prob. stoppage of it.->orifice by g<JnOl'rLoea, d. 1II)e.

c;

~~'I<ff sbWfl-/t<if/ ebu - Juiy·) I. tbe.tj J pantingofadog Sik. _ 2. bassoonwith 1l.1ar~e and nearly globular bell·mouthw:-~~'.q' sbttJ,.po. 1. vb. to light. kindle, set on"" fire, seldom, Le~.: mi-i!/U shUd.po.q. v. - sbst. bellows, usually consisling oflwo skin-bags, the orifices ofwhich areollcn­ed and shut by the hn.nds,and which nre thensqueezed together, so that the compressedair passing through a tube is driven intothe fire; sbUd-pa "bud-pa O. or rg!Jdil-ha&!I. to hlow or work the bellows; sbud­rgydl. _ sbUd-pa.

t:j~'f sbUn-pa v. spun-pa.~

t:j~.~. sbun-ftb Pin. a ~D1nll building"" in the style of a monument, inwhich sacred writings arc deposited.t:jJ:.: shuI' ant lA., prob. identical with the"" following (d. g~-sbu,.).

~.:l;·tr sbtir-pa beetle, i!U-Wu1' S.!'.; umr-cen,.tj -luli, -dmdr, -1nfI!J6g8 Ca., denotingvarious kinds of beetles.~J:.:~' 8bUr-fIla, - 8Mn-pa, chaff, husks etc.;...., rlun-gis sbu/'-ma blltt-po. ltal' Dzl.,s.Og - sbur em fytn-ba ltar Pili. like chaffsc.'\~tered by the wind, carried along bythe water; shu-len or ~ldJi amber Wu.

if.::fl' sM-!'a Lex. w. e.

~'.::r sbi-ba &/1. to scuffle, wrestle.

§Frtr shiv-pa leall, lank, thin S.g.

~-')''f sbid1iU, pI. sh/U, fut. and commonsecondary form sba, imp. sWa, W.

·3bd-i:e-, pf sbas, to hide, conteal, riel' atreasure, md::xJd-du in a stol'e-llOuse; 1na~

nul sbkJ-po.i Pu9 cavern in which !l. MnlDois concealed Mil.; dpuit-gi (sogs fsdl-du tocon~eal troops in a wood D=l.; ftil'-du todeposit as a treasure Gil'.; sai AJ - iu inthe ground D=l.; also as much liS to inter,to bury Dzl.; -,bds-te or bi-te bor - ce* W.= sbid-pa; "s/xis-u· secretly, clandestinely,by stealth lV.; mi sdig-can-la ius sha ]fyi/'in order to hide our form before sinful men,in order nol to be recognized by tbem Mil.;

to hide from, to guard, secure, protect from,

sriiit-'ii't x/>ti-/Ht id.; to keep, preserve, sba-

*n - Died -par (to bestow) freely, amply,\\ithout restriction.

' sbed-ma a veiled woman; name of a

wife of Buddha O,

sbo Sch. the upper part of the belly; sbo-

fxil bacon ('.; xbo-i-kun-pa pickpocket <

'.

sb6-ba pf.sbos = Ob6-ba 2, to swell up .

to distend, ltd-ba sbos Lt. the belly is

swollen, turgid ;sbd- />'rog-pa Sch. 'to wheeze

from inflation' (?).

*&bog(s)-pa v. sbdg-pa; rdii-gibu-fsai tsiy-sbog Mil., seems to

imply a man that is receiving abusive lan-

guage from his own sons(?).

sbori-ba, pf. sbaris, fut. sban to steep

in water, to soak, to drench; *bdn-

te bar* W. soak it in water!

'*T sbdd-pa tassel, tuft.

sbom-pa, more frq. sbom-po thick,

pra-ba-las zlog sbom-po Zam. the

contrary to prd-ba is sbom-po', sbom-prd dan

////-fun mnyam of equal length and thick-

ness Dzl\ stout; coarse, clumsy, heavy, also

applied to sins; sbmn-ma a stout woman' *. ; sbst. thickness, stoutness, heaviness.

sbor-ba, pf., fut. and secondary form

sbar, trs. of Jbdr-ba, to light, kindle,

inflame.

sbur-lo Anemone polyantha Lh.

sbydn-ba v. sbydn-ba.

sbydr-ba \. sbydr-ba.

sbydr-pa Wdn., n. of a tree, prob.=

dbydr-pa.

sbyig-pa, sbyig-mo Lex. w. e.

sbyi'n-pa, I. vb., pf. and imp. byin,

1. to give, to bestow (in J3. a common

word, in W. almost unknown; yet v. sinin-

pa II.), without any ceremonial difference

between high and low; to hand, deliver; to

give up, deliver over; to give back, give for

a present; to offer, proffer, hold out, ////-/

byin-no he offered as an equivalent Pth.;

405

ma byin-par mi len-pa \. dg-ba. 2. to

add, to sum up \\'<IL

II. sbst. gift, present alms; the expression

nbyin-pa ysum comprises: zan-ziii-gi the

bestowing of goods, mi-jigt-paitite afford-

ing of protection, and cda-kyi byin-pa, tin-

giving of moral instruction 6., abyin-yt6h

distribution of gifts, sbyin-ytoh <*en-po byed-

pa Dzl. --sbyin-bdag dispenser of gifts,

more especially in the first beginnings of

Buddhism a layman manifesting his piety

by making presents to the priesthood, v.

Kapp. 1,487, and in almost all legends; also

the reverse, len-pa the receiver of gifts,

Dulva v. Feer Introd. p. 71. sbyin-sreg,

^T, burnt -offering, v. Was. (194), Schl.

251 sqq.

^T sbyu, sometimes for sgyu Sch.

sbyon-ba, pf. sbyans, fat. sbyan ^\j1. to clean, remove by cleaning, clear

away, as Odd(/-pa, esp. sdig-pa Tar.,

sgrib(-pa) Thyy.\ less frq. in a physical

sense, e.g. removing phlegm by vomiting

Med., Jlru-tbyoiit diarrhoea Lex.]io cleanse.

sbyon-byed 1 . cleansing, purifying. /// sbyoA-

byed-kyi ses-rab Mil. the knowledge how

a man may be purified by his own doings.

2. Med.: purging medicine. 2. to remove,

take away, in a general sense 6s.; to sub-

tract, de-rnams fig-mfsams sbyah-ste WW/,..

60 being subtracted, cf. Opri-ba : to cease,

of diseases Med. 3. to exercise, to train,

bio one's mind 6s., Ka one's mouth, hence

Ka-sbydh eloquence Mil. (having reference

also to Ka-ycdn q.v.); s/ion yon-tan sbydtix-

pa s6/l-bai mfus by dint of formerly culti-

vated abilities Glr. ; fugs ydns-su sbydns-pai

skyes-bu Mil. a saint of a thoroughly culti-

vated (or purified) mind; to exercise, to

practise. </ - run sbyan dt/os that must be

practised still better: to study, sde-snod-la

the holy scriptures Mil. , and with accus.

ytun-lugs Tar. 14,9 (where byati stands);

rfsis-la sbydn-ba to learn mathematics /V/.;

to practise, to perform; to recite, to repeat,

formulas, bsar-sbydn byed-pa Mil., *kor jaii

i-6-ce* W.\ to accustom, familiarize,*' dan

to hide from, 10 guard, secure, protect from,trW/i·Ziti Wd-ba id.; 10 keep, prese.....!, .ba­".,' -1Ilt'd -par (to be~tow) freely, alllply,'without restriction.~:;'~r .bJd·ma a veiled woman; DAme of ll.

.::l I wife of Buddhll. C•.~ .00 $th. the LIpper part of the belly; Jxr.

(.il bacon C.j .oo.rklill-1Ja pickpocket C.y.::r abd-ba pf.lbm _.1Jd..W 2, to s~lI(up).

to distend, ltd-ba .00. Le. the belly isswollen, tUI'gid; abd-o~rl'og_pa 8ch. 'to wheezefrom inllntion'(?).3)~(~r.:r .hOg(.)-pa v. wdg-pa; rdli-gi'£j M-{$ai (';g-.Wg Mil., sooros toimply" mnn that is receiving abusive lan­guage from his own sons (1).ifc'·.::r slxhi-ba, pf. •bails, fut. UJwi to steep

in water, to soak, to drench; °ba,;_it 00'" W. soak it in water!

~':;lq 3lxJd-pa tassel, tuft.

~%.f'r Wd7ll-pu, more frq. W<ml-PO thick.p'l'a.-ba-[cu :log sbOm-po ham. the

cootrnry to prd-ba is 3bdm1JO; ,bom-pro dmirili·(I'/i mnyam of equal length lind thick­ness D::l.; stout; coarse, clumsy, heavy, also:lpplied to sips; .bdm..-ma n stout womllnGi. j sbst, thickne", stoutness, heaviness.!f.::..'~' rbdr-ha, pf,. fut. and ~ondary form

3loar, Irs. of /xlr.lw.. 10 light, kindle.inflame.

if,::,:af ,ur·lo Anemone polynntl.tn. LlI.

~~.~. ,loyu.i.loa v. wy6Mm.

~=:.::r ,byar.loa v. ,loyln'.OO.

~,,'r wyur-pa Wd••.• n, of a tree, prob. -tJ JbJjci.'-pa.

~~'.q wyig-pa, W!llg-'lnO LI!~. w.e.

~~'.q' ,bYl1j-pu, I. "b., pf. and imp. byin,Q 1. 10 give, 10 bestow (in fJ. :l commonword, in W: nlmost uuknown; )"et v. IIllill­pa JI.), ,·';tbout auy ceremonial differencehet\\'een high nnd low; to hand, deliver; togive up, deliver over; 10 give back, give fora pre,enl; 10 offer, proffer, hold out, rill-labyitl-IW he offered as a.u ~i~.Ijl.Ut 1 II,;

ma b:Jin-par 11K Un-pa v. dgMJa, - 2. 10add, to sum up WeLl:.-

n.sbst.gift, present, alms; tile expreMiollw,ylll-pa 1,uI1I comllrises: zali·:iri -vi thebestowing of goods, tod.Jig'-pai the a/l'old­ing of protection, and lds-kyi wyin-pa. thegiving of moral instruction C•. , abyin,.)'tdildistrihution of gifts, abyln,.)'toli lm-p<J iJyffl­pa D::l. - ,byin-bdQ{! dispenser of gift:l,more especially in the lint Lel{innings ofBuddhism a laymn.n manifesting his pietyby making presents to the priesthood, v.Kapp, J, 487, and in almost aU legends; n.l.sothe reverse, 1m - pa the receiver of gifts,Dulv", v. Feer Introd, 11.71. - abyin-al't9,l'\1l, burnt-offering, v. Wall. (HI4), ScM.251 sqq.

~ .byu, sometimes for agyu Scll.

~.q' wy6il-lJa, pr. ,byan" fut. ,byai> 1OJ"l.s~ 1. to tlean, remove by tleaning, clearaway, as oddfl·pa, esp. wig.pa Tal'"agrib( .pa) Thyy.; less frq. in a. physicalsense, e.g. remo"ing phlegm b}' "olllitingMoo., jC,1l-abyori, dinrrhOCll Lu.; to tleanse,,b!J0li-.byrd 1. cleansing, purifying. rmi wyoit­byrd.kyi An-Tab Jill, the knowledge hown mnD WRy be purilied by his own doings.2. Med.: purging medicine. - 2. to remove,take away, in a general sense Ca.; 10 sub­tract, de-mams fig-'I/I(,am, abymi-s~ H'dk.,fiO being snutn\Cted, cf. oiJli-lJa; 10 teale,of diseases Med. - 3. to exercise, 10 train,biD one's mind Ca., Ita one's mouth, halcef:a-sbyd.i eloquence Mil. (having referenceAlso to k'a.)"~d,i q, v,); 'Hon ydJ.-lan Wydii'.va uJ,i-bal. ",(/t, uy dint of formerly culti­"Med auilities Gll'.; (uga yO';,...su ab.'1dH..-pai1I.:!Jh-bu Mil. a saint of a thorougbly culti­vated (or purified) mind; 10 exercise, 10practise, da· M'it abyaoi dtJOl that must bepractised stilt better; 10 study, ~nOd-lathe holy scriJltures Mil., and with &CCIlS.

yz/;.i.lugs Tao', 14,9 ('I'here byaoi stands);,.ttl,..[a abyo..ioba to learn mat.heuliitics 1'tA.;to practise, to ~rform; to recite, 10 repeat,fOl"mulas, ~Q/,.w~iil byid-pa MiL, -!or )a...b;-.~'t- i '.· to accuslom, familiarize, -1111 da,;I. u ,

406

sbyor-ba sbra

jan-Kan* accustomed to man, tame, also

without *mi dan* W.; *jan-Kydd* custom,

use, habit W. 4. to accumulate (?) Cs. -

5. to conjure to the spot, to call by magic (?)

Tar. 76,15 Schf.

sbyor-ba I. vb., pf. and fut. sbyar,

W. *zdr-ce*, trs. of Obyor-ba, 1. to

affix, attach, fasten, stick, a writing, a plaster

W.: *zar gyab-ce*; to apply Ice-rtse dkdn-

la Gram.', fig. bio -la, s&ms-la to impress;

*kdr-ya dan* to solder W. ; *zer gydb- la zor*

nail it fast! W.; *me-skdm zar fsar* the

trigger is drawn W.; to put on, a plaster,

v. above, an arrow on the bow-string; to

subjoin, take up, resume, a subject in a treatise

Thgy., Tar. 127,14; to put together, to join,

unite, rus-pa cdg-pa Med., dbdii-po ynyis

v. sub II.;to compile, compose, a book

;Ka

1. to close, shut, one's mouth, = Ofdms-paPth. 2. to kiss C.

;to insert, to dispose in

proper classes or divisions Gram., byd-bai

sgra ma sbyar yan also without the word

bya being added; bde-ba-la, byaii-cub-la

Ml, like Ogod-pa 3; to join, connect, combine,

words, letters; fsig de don dan sbydr-tsa-

na if these sentences are joined with their

significations, i.e. if their explanation is

given Mil.; rtsis-su to count together, to sum

up Dzl.; sbyor-la, gen. written zor-la, joined,

connected, combined, *fsiy nyi sum zor -la

yon* two or three words are found joinedto one another; this word is frq. used to

express simultaneousness of action, wherein English expressions as 'along with', 'to-

gether with', 'at the same time' etc. are

used: zw-la Ogr6-ba to go along with

(another person) Mil. ; zor-la kur-Kyer take

this also along with it! *Ko cd-te zor dankal son* W. as he was going, we sent it

along with him; zor-la gyel son it fell at

the same time (by coming in contact with

some other falling body);*zor-la tfyer-wa*

to take hold of and take away at the same

time; fid-la zor pog-pa he was also (simul-

taneously) affected by (the loss); *zor-la

zer-fcan zig* or even *fsig-gi zor* a mere

expletive, without any appreciable meaningC.; bdag sdig-sgrib ces-pai zor-la (the ca-

lamity has befallen the others too), owingto their connection with such a great sinner

as I am Mil. nt. - - 2. to prepare, procure,

to get ready, yo- bydd the appurtenances

Dzl., Ofso-ba victuals Dzl.; rta dan sbydr-

bai sin-rta a carriage ready to start Stg.

(or ace. to no. 1,a carriage attached to

the horses); to mix, cu dait with water Dzl.

and elsewh.; yzdn-du to prepare, to turn

one thing into another, to change, transform

Thgy.; frq. to prepare one's own mind, to

compose one's self, ddd-pa-la sbyor-bar gyis

make up your mind to believe Mil. to

join, fit together, adjust, make agree, esp. one's

course of action; to conform one's self to,

with dan, h'6-moi yid dan sbyor cig accom-

modate yourself to my wishes Dzl.; /trims

dan sbydr-ro Dzl. then we must conform

to the law; most frq : ... daii sbydr-nasor -tc corresponding, agreeable to, according

to, Krims according to the law, to usage etc.

Dzl.; bu-moi yid according to the wish of

the daughter Dzl.;also to compare Tar. 89,

16, Thgy.; yzan-rgyud-la sbyar-ba seems to

imply: to gain knowledge by observing

others, opp. to ran-rgyud-la brtdg-pa, to as-

certain by one's own immediate judgment.4. to compose poetry, . . . kyis sbydr-bao

=sdeb-pa 5 --II. sbst. 1. adjunction, con-

junction, union, dbdn-po j-nyis-kyi sbyor-ba

byed-pa,lmembrorum amborum conjunc-

tionem efficere' Wdn.; hence coition, coha-

bitation, bud-med-lasbyor-babyed-paio effec-

tuate it with a woman Pth.; sgra-sbyor-ba

a joining or combination of sounds (letters),

orthography (?) Zam. 2. a mingling, a mix-

ture, e.g.'of medicines, also sbyar-fdbs Med.;

sbyor-sde-bzi the four departments of phar-

macy Glr. (apparently the title of a book) ;

preparation= snon- gro Schl. 240, also mental

preparation, esp. the preparation of the mind

for prayer, and the arrangement of it, me-

ditation preparatory to it (nif.) cf. mfsams

sbydr-ba. 3. syllogism Was. (278).- - 4.

comparison, agreement, harmony, yldm-gyithe harmony of history Schf.

. sbra 1. W. *(s)bra*, C. *cja* felt-tent,

Sj sbra-giir id.: sbra-fdg ropes, sbra -sin

406f~·.:::r ~b!ldr.ba

jali.-llan* accustomed to Ulan, IIIIDe, alsowithout "mi d«tj* W.; *)a,i-ff!Jdd* cllstom,lise, habit lY. - 4. to accumulate (?) C8. ­5. to conjure to the spot, to call by magic(V)Tar. 76,15 8chf.~.:;,:::r sbyO~~b~ I..vb., pr. nnd ,fut. sbyar,S W. .::ar-te, tN. of iyar-ba, 1. toaffix, aUach, fasten, stick, a writing, a plfl'>terIV.: ·zar gyab-i:e*; to apply Ice-rae dJ.dn­la Gram.; fig. bid-Ia, sCtm-Ia to impress;"l'ur-yo Mn" to solder n~; *::er gyub·la zor"nail it fas~! lV.; "'me-31'um ZUI' (3ur" lhetrigger is drawn Wj to pul on, a plaster,v. above, uo arrow on lilt bow-string; tosubjoin, take up, resume,C1 subject in 0. trelltiseTilgy., Tal'. 127,14; to pm together, to join,unite, ni3-pa lag-pa Med., dbd,i-JIQ m!Ji8v. sub II.; to compile, compose, a book; fal. to close, shut, one',; mouth, = o(cirtl3-]la

Ptk 2. to kiss G.; to insert, to dispose inproper elasses or divisions Gram., bfJd-ba.is9ro fila w!Jar ywi also without till' wordbya being added; bde-ba-la, bya,i-cub-laMil., like og6d-])a 3; to join, connec4 combine,words, letters; (tfg Ih dQ1l da,j w!Jdt'-tsa­1M if these sentences are joined ",;th theil'significations, i.e. if tbeir explllnntion isgiven Mil.; rtsiNU to count together, 10 sumup D::l.; s!Jy&r-la, gen. written wI'-la, joined,connected, combined, "(sig nfJi sum z(h'~lu

y(n," two or three words are found joinedto one another; this word is frq. used toe.xpress simultnneousness of action, wherein English expressions as <along with', 'to­gether with', 'at the same time' etc. areused: M,. - la oyr& - ba to go along with(another person) Mil.; z6r-la Jtul'-~iytr t:tkethis alw along with it! "A'o cd-Ie zor datiJ.:al so';" lV. as he was going, we sent italong with hinl; WI'-la gyel $O,i it fell atthe same time (by coming in contact withsome other falling bod)"); "z6r-1a !:yb'-n:a"to take hold of and take away at the sametime; ltd-fa zor fdg-pa he was also (simul­taneously) affected by (the loss); "MI'-la::er.ltan Zig~ or even "tMg-gi ZOI''' a mereexpletive, without any appreciable m;aningC.; bdag 3dig-8grib lis-pai Mr-la (the ca-

B" &bra

lamity bas befallen the others too), owingto their conncction with such a great sioneras I am Mil.nt. - 2. to prepare, prot\lre,10 get ready, yo - b.lJdd the appurtenancesDzl., 060-00 "ietnols D::l.; rCa dUll sbyul'­bai Un-rta l\ carriage rcady to start Stg.(or nee. to DO. 1, u. carriage attached 10

the horses); 10 mix, Cu dmi witll water D::l.aDd e1sewh. j rzun -du to prepare, to tumone thing into another, to change, transformTIl!!!!.; frq. 10 prepare one's own mind, tocompose one's self, dad_paola sb!Jol'-bar gyi<!make up Jour mind to believe Mil. - tojoin, fit together, adjust, make agree, esp. one'scourse of actiOD; to conform one's self'to,wltli da'i, fO-tlWi yid du,j wyor 8g1\Coom­modate youl"self to my wishes D::l.; l'I~·ma

dwi sbydl'-"o D::l. then we must confol'mto the Inw; Illost frq.: ... dati sbydr-neuor . te cOfTesponding, agreeable to, according10, A(l'illl~ according to the law, to nMgc etc.D::l.; bU~moi yid according to the wish ofthe dnughter D::l.; also to compare Tar. 89,16, TII!!Y.; rzan-rf!9ud-la w!JJj·../)a seems toiml,ly: to gnin knowledge by observingothers, opp. to rait-ryyUd-la brtdg-[KJ, to IlS­

ccrtllin by one'~ own ilumedinte judgment.- 4. to compose poetry, ... J.:yi! abydr-bac- web-pa 5 - II. sbst. 1. adjunction, con-junction, union, doo'i-po rn!Jis-lqp' w!JIh...babyM - pa, 'membra/will amborlllll conjune­tionem t;ftcere' Wdit.: henee coition, coha­bilation, bud-mAl-La wyQt>../)a b!Jed-pa to effec­tuate it with a woman PtA.; s!Jl'u-sb!JOr-baa joining or combioation of sounds (lettcrs),orthography(?) Zam. - 2. a mingling, a mix­ture, e.g.·of medicines, also sbyar-fOOs Med.;sb!Jo'r-sde-Jif:i tlle four departments of p!Jar~

mocy Glr. (apparently the title of a book);preparation-stion-09l'v&M. 240, fllso mentalpreparation, esp. till.' preparntionof the miDllfor Ilrayer, and the arrangement of it, me­ditation preparatory to it (oif.) cf. mka1llSsbydr.ba. - 3. syllogism Was. (278). - 4.comparison, agreement, harmony, )'tfIm-gyithe harmony of hist(lry &hl18· !bra 1. JV. "($)bra", C. "ria" felMen4"'l $bra*ffU1' id.; sbra.(cifJ ropes, $m-a - x"

abrdg-pa

frame-work, sbrd-ya inmate, of such a tent.

\.

-

sbrdg-pa, pf. .sA/v/i/.s.<

'. *,/<',,, -pa*,

W. *rdg-ce* to lay, to put, a thing

over or by the side of an other, pyogs-ycig-

tu Le.c.\ gen. used only in the gerund: *fsa

/<)/ i-dii-ni'* together with salt and spices

W.; *nd-za dan rdg-te mi dug* he does

not belong to us W., or in compounds : nyi-

r<i</ double-barreled gun (one barrel beside

the other), W.*ran-bdrdug-rdg* six-barreled

pistol, revolver W., bse-sgo bdun-sbrag Pth.,

sevenfold skin-door, used as a target for

shooting at.

**r sbrdg-ma hay-fork, 6s.

xTT'n* sbrdit-bu C. *ddti-bu*, W. *rdn-nu,

Q ^ra-un*

fly, and similar insects without

a sting; sbrdn-ma \. id. 2. 6. bee, sbrdn-

mai fsogs swarm of bees. sfodn-i'tsi W.

*rdn-si'f

honey; *rdn-si rdn-nu* W. bee. -

sbrdii-can mead or something similar. -

sbran - fsdn and sbran - dM Cs. cells in a

honey -comb, the honey -comb itself. -

sbi-at't-biig bee-hive Sch. sbran-byi marten

Sch. sbran-ydb flap, fly-brush Cs.

Y sbrdd-pa=

Jbrdd-pa to scratch Sch.

xbrdn-pa = sbrdn-pa.

'

sbrdm-bu unwrought gold Cs.

sbrid-pa 1. to sneeze Med.; sbrid-pa

Jbyun I am seized with a sneezingMed. -- 2. to become numb, torpid, */-pe nya did son* my foot is asleep W.

3. Dzl. ^vS^, 5 Sch. to flutter before one's

eyes (?).

sbrud-pa} pf. and imp. sbrus, fut. and

sec. form sbru, W. *ru-ce* to stir with

one's hand, zan Le<c.;to knead ((. is.)

is rdzi-

ba which is not identical with sbrud-pa,at least not in W.

sbrum-pa pregnant, big with young:

mi dan srog-cags sbrum-ina-rn<unx

Dzl. women with child and beasts \\ith

young; sbrum-^par Ogyvr-ba to conceive, to

become pregnant, frq. ; sbrum-par fsdr-nas

feeling pregnant Pth.; prv-gu sbrum byuii-

407

bos having conceived, being with childI'th.

XJQJ. sbrul, l*ur. sbrul, Lh. *rul*, C. *dul*

1. serpent, snake; */>rul and tbrul-mo

also mythical demoniac beings; sbrul ydug-

pa or dug -sbrul venomous serpent; brul

/cos sdigs-po Sch. serpent-tamer; sbrul-gyi

snyin-po v. tsdn-dan. -- sbrul-mgo 1. a

serpent's head. 2. v. fati-ke. sbnil-sgt'm

a serpent's egg.-

*dul-nyd* eel or some

other esculent snake-like fish 6'. sbrid-

dug venom of serpents. sbrul-mig \. a

snake's eye. 2. n. of a certain vein Med. -

sbrul-fsil snake's grease Med. sbrul-zdgs v.

zags. sbrul-16 serpent-year, sbrul-lo-pa

one born in such a year v. lo. - >//////-

sun slough, skin of a snake. --2. symb.num.: 8,

= klu.

xt/ry sbi'e(d) Lex. n. of an animal; Sch. :

SM stone-fox.

xr1

^ X'l^ X'n* sbr^-bo, re-bo, re-ba a

sj coarse material manu-

factured of yak's hair for tent-coverings.

sbi't-'u-baj pf- sbrc/ts. < s. : to play an

instrument; ace. to Dzl. \SY% 16, to

jerk, a chord, a bow-string.

sbrebs-pa C's.: resp. for hogs -pa

hungry.

sbrel-ba, W. *rel-ce(s)* to stitch to-

gether, paper; to stitch to, to sew on:

to fasten on, a package on a horse; Icags-

sgrog lag-pa sbre'l-nas having one's hands

shackled together; bar zdm-gyis sbrel the

chasm is overarched by abridge Glr.\ (inn

chains) seh-ge dan fastened to (stone) lions;

in a gen. sense: to connect to join, ynyis-

sbrel, ysum- sbrel two or three consonants

joined together, cf. min-y%i.

J" sbres-pa ('s. frozen, stiff, hard.

sbrdn-pa, pf.andfut.s^/v//< 1. to call to

the spot, rd-niila. <//'"//for assistant

Lejc.\ to send for. the minister Glr. -_'

to call to '/'//.///. : to give information, notice.

intelligence, ryydl-po-la nni-lam-du to wani

the king by a dream />:/.; mi }Ag sbrdn-

du btdn-nas Dzl. to dispatch a man in order

to convey intelligence. 3. to sprinkle, to

stain, to pollute. fi</-ks <SV/.

-.^-

frame-work, Wra1X' inmll.te, ofsucb ... tenl.2. v. sub rt.ali.

¥rr:[ Ilmig-pa, 1)(· ""'~" G: ·ld9-pa·,ill I n~ ·rag-t? to lay, to pu~ a luingPl'er or by the side of an other, l~rHg­tu Lu.; gen. u~ed onl)' in the gerund: .6a00,. rdg-~ together wid, salt Ilod spicesH'.; -..a-:a diU; r6g-t, mi Jug" be does

DOl beIOD~ to us W:, or in eoml)()Unds: 1Iyi­

Ng _ble·barrtted gun (one barrel be",idetbe otber), W.·rtt.oi-lKjr4Ng-rdg- ,iI-barreledl,i5101. rtVotw-er n~. ~.JO 6dulI--brag Ptlt.,sevcllfold skin-door, UMd llS .. target forsbooting at.

~~~ Ibrdg-wIO hay-fork, u.!F'=J' tbniil-!N C. ·~d"-b,,·. IV. -rtf"-",,,'"" ~ rtNtli·lIy,o.nd simil.r inst'Ct6 ...·jtbOD!a sting; .o..dli-m.a. I. id. 2. C. bee, "'nui­rnai {~ , ..'arm of ~. - JR'tjA~i IV.·rd,.."i' honey; ·,d......' rd....liu· IV. bee. ­Wnili-loli ntead or IOJUcthiDg simiw. ­Wra.. - (~. and Ibnui _ddH Ct. cells in aoonc}·.oomb, the honcy-comL. itself. ­""'a~1i9 ~hi\'e &A.- w",ti-6,i marten&4. - abran-yab flap, O}'.lll·u.sb W.

~.q Ibnid-pa _ _brdd-pa to scratch &It.

~:r .brun.pc = 1hr6n-1JO..

~;:r'~ sbram-bu unwrought gold C•.

~%\;'r tbrid-pa 1. to snetlt .v~.j Wrid-pai;j .byuJi I am seized witlt a ~ntezing

M~. - 2. to become numb, torpid, -,hi,i­1"" nya (1i(1 IOJi- roy foot is Mlecp n~ ­~. Dd. ..(~, I) &h. to flutter before ooe'seyes (1).~-"r Ibrod-pa, pf. nud imp. sbrua, fut. and-51 bee. form .bl1l, 11'. -"u-U' to slir withone's hand, ::an Lu.; to knead (C.,) is ,Y1;;I­bo. which is oot ideotical with Ibnid-pa,at len;;t Dot ill W.~~':.j' Wnim-pa pregnant, big wilh ),oung;-5 tIIi du'" wog."lay' .bnml--mu..,.'lcwlID:l. ",omen with child I\od beAsUi withyoung; Jbriull-par .!Jyltr-OO to concei\'e, tobecome pregnant., frq.; .brinn-par f.df'-1uufeeling pregnant PM.: pn,-VfI ~"" b,y""-

'07

/xu having con~h'ed, b~ng with child1'11,.~~. abrul, Pur. mi, LA. -,..,r, C. -{luI­~ 1. serpent,. snake; tbnd and abrW/"-J/f(1also mythical dCIft,oniae beings; Jbnd ydil9­]JlI or dug-alwul venomous serpent; IbtwlI!~ tJiga-po &4. lICrl)('nt·tamer; Jbrl./-vyitnyiti-po v. tadn-wm. - JwiJ-Mg6 I. aserpent's bead. 2. Y. ~tui...k. - JbrvI""9'w1\ serpent's egg. - Vw/.-",yti· eel or $Ollie

oUler esculent snake-like fish C. - "'"'1­dilg venom of ~t.s. - tbne/-wtiIJ 1••

snake's eye. 2. n. of a certain vein Jltd.Jbrtd-6i1 SIlllh'sgrease M~.-~l-!:6gIY.zIJ9L - abnJ-ld serpent-year. Jwil~one hom in sucb a ) ear T. 10. - Jwwl·iNn uoagh, skin of IL snake. - 2. &Jlnb.num.: 8. - /Cl••~C . Jm{d) La. n. of an animal; $cA.:::;! stone·fox.

1I~ ~ '''<' ,.~. ....,.". ri-" ri-6o., ""I ......~ ......~ • .'

t:0IlSe malerial mlllU­

factured of JII.k·s hair for tent-ooYennjO;s­§F'=f ~-ba, pi. thrt-li., (i.: 10 play an"' mstrumenl; ace. to D::l. ..s\~J 16, hijerk, l\ chord, II. ho.·-stnog.~~~':r tbrib.-po u.: rasp. for It&gI.po::;! hungry.~..r,::r Jbtil-ba, W. -ril-«(if 10 stitch to·"' gether, pflperj to stitch to, to sew Oft;to lasten on, a package 011 " horse; IM!J'­agrOg lcig-pa IbrB·'la. ha\'iug Due', band,!<hackled togetherj bar ::lim.!JYi- Ibrtlthechasm is o\'el1lrcbed by ll. bridge GI,..; (ironchains) un-gt dali fllsteuf:(! to (stolle) liou~:

in n. geu. sollse: 10 connect, to join, ),rlyif­

Wril, f,ulJI-Wril tll'O or three OOIlSOnlUIUljoined togcther, cf. tnili-rzi,

j~·.:r ,brh-llCJ Gi. lrozen. stiff, hard.

~~'r 3bron-pa, pf.lUldfut.WmH L to call toif the spot, rd-mdl.l, grog3 for assistaut:('Lu.; to send lor, the minister GI,.. - tto call to TAg!J.; 10 give inlormatiGll, notice.intelligence, 1yyul-po-ia rmi-lulII·du to wanlthe king by a drellol D:/.; mi "Zig IbrdN­(III lotuN-nell D:l. to disp.tell a UlIlO in f\rder1.0 C(lD\'cy iotelligence. - 3. to .pnnlde, toltain, to pollute, fig-I. A.

408

ma ma-kdr

ma 1. the letter m. 2. numerical fi-

gure: 16.

t- ma I, sbst. 1. mother, col. cr-wa, resp.

2/wm; maz rum womb, matrix; rdn-gima ycig-pai srin-mo full sister by the same

mother, whilst mas dben-pai srin-mo denotes

half-sister, step-sister, by another mother.

2. frq. used uietonymically, e.g. capital,

v below; *ma tsam yod* W!, what is the

amount of the sum advanced ? original text,

copy to write after, pattern v. below;a letter

written above another. --Comp.: ma-Kal

amount in bushels of grain lent out. ma-Ku mother and uncle, v. Kd-bo. ma-rgyudSch. 1. original, primary cause. 2. line of

descent by the mother's side, when how-

ever it should be spelt brgyud.-- md-cu

the first infusion of malt or stronger beer,

v. can. ma-cun Cs.: 'a mother's younger

sister', perh. more correctly : a father's se-

cond wife, as to rank; ma-cen \. Cs.: 'a

mother's elder sister', or a father's prin-

cipal wife. 2. v. the respective article. -

ma-pdr capital and interest W. - - ma-bu

mother and son; capital and interest; ori-

ginal and copy; ma-bu mfun-pa Jbri-ba to

copy accurately Schr.; a letter written above

and below another letter; principal and cross

beam etc. md-mo v. that article. ma-fsdb foster-mother Sch. ma-yzi v. sub II.

-ma-yydr step-mother Cs. ma-ro a

mother's corpse Pth.

II. a root signifying below, opp. to ya:

md-gi the lower one, e.g. cu-bo Mil.; ma-

gi-na below, at the bottom, md-gi-nas from

below, out of the valley, in Sik.: from, out

of, the Indian plain (v. mfa); md-mcu lower

lip. ma-fern sill, threshold. --md-t'og

v. fog I, 2. md-rdo = rmdn-rdo. ma-rdbs mean descent, people of low extraction

Dzl. ma-ri Sch. downward (?)-- ma-

re = ma-fem, v. re.

III. negative adv. not, however only in

some cases: a. in the simplest form of pro-

hibition, where in the Tibetan languageinst.of the imperative the root of the presentwith ma is used : ma Ogro do not go, ma

byed do not do (it). With the form, of the

future mi is placed: rjod-par mi byao it

shall not, should not be pronounced Dom.;

mi de dgrar mi bslan they should not make

the man their enemy S.g.- - b. with the

preterite : ma son he did not go, ma byas

he did not do (it). c. with the presenttense also in conjunction with the words

yin, lags, mcis, red. d. without any evident

reason, and perh. not always correctly, with

many substantives and adjectives that are

formed of infinitives or participles, and are

conveying a negative sense: ma-rig-pa a

not knowing, ignorance; ma-run-ba v. run-

ba (v. mi).IV. In the col. language of Lh. ma is

used as an interrogative, when a question

is returned by a question : */cyod-di min ci

zer* what is your name? *min ma?* myname?

V. Affix, so-called article, frq. denoting

the fern, of the masc. in pa, if mo is not

used inst. of it; gen. put to the names of

inanimate things, utensils etc., as also to

compound adjectives: zans ru-bzi-ma a

four-bandied kettle (cf. bu lo-ynyis-pa a

boy two years old, sub pa).

VI. mai nyin two days before yesterday

6'.,snon-ma zag W.

xj.ma W. always with a marked accent and

r\ long vowel, prob. abbrev. of mans very,

before adjectives and adverbs, *md mdn-

po* very much, *ma gydl-la* very good.

&J"TI^W

ma-kdr (Hind. \J^ impostor) W.

deceit, imposition, intrigue, *ma-kdr co-te zer*

he speaks hypocritically, with some secret

design; ma-kar-can, hypocritical, fawning.r

'08

~ mQ 1. the letter m. - 2. numerical fi­gure: 16.

,;:j" ma 1. shsL 1. mother, col. ;;.ma, resll.yum; mai rllm "'omb, matrix; rdil-gi

ma )'Ug-pai srili-mo full sisler by the samemother, whilst ma8 dbln.pai sriit-mo denoteshalf-sister, step-sister, by another motlier.- 2. frq. used metonymically, e.g. capital,\' below; -mo /gam !J6d* ,v., whllt is theamount of the sum advanced? original text,copy to write after, pattern v. below; a letterwritten above !Wolber. - Comp.: lIla-I..'dlamount in bushels of groin lent out. - ma­IM mother aDd uncle, v. lid-bo. - ma-rg!fUdScI" 1. original, primary cause. 2. line 01descent by tbe mother'., side, when how­ever it should be spelt brfll,puJ. - md-euthe first iofusion of malt 01' stronger beer,v. ~(ui. -ma-;;un Ca.: 'n mother's youngersister', perh. more correctly: a !nther's se­cond wife, as 10 rank; ma·ccn 1. Cs: 'amother's elder sister', or (L futher's prin­cipal wife. 2. Y. the respectire article. ­'lIla.pdr capital nod interest Iv. - lIIa-bumother and son; capit.al and interest.; ori­ginal and cop)'; 'lila-au '1I1{,ln-pa /Jri..Qa tocopy accurntely &l,f.j a letter writtt'n uboveand uelow unother letter; principal and crossbenm etc. - md-mo v. that article. _ 'lIlI,,"

{sub foster-mother Sch. - ma·rZi v. sub 11.- ma,yyuI' step-mother w. - ma-J-Q amother's corpse Pth.

II. a root signifying below, opp. to !la:mu.gi the lower one, e.g. cu.f.>o Mil.; 'lila·gi-Ila below, at. the bottom, ma-gi-nas frombclow, out of the "alley, in Sik.: from, out.of, the Indian plaiu (\'. m{a); md-mlftlowerlip. - md·(em sill, threshold. - ma.fogY. (Of) 1,2. - ma-rdl) = r1'lla,i·1'OO. - ma­ram meUD descent., people of low extrnction.0::1. - ma-ri &h. downward(?)' - ma­r; - J1Ul.(em, v. I'e.

~'ITJ~ ma-kdr

Ill. negative adv. not, however onl)' insome cases: a. in the simplest. form of pro­hibition, where in the Tibetan lUDguageiust.of the imperat.il'e the root of the presentwith 'lila is used: 1'IIa o!I/"Q do not go, 'lilabyed do not do (it). With the form of thefuture mi is placed: 1)00- pal' mi b!lao it.shall not, sllOuld not be pronounced IJo.m.;mi de dgrar mi bslwi they should not makethe man t.heir enem)' S.y. - h. with thepreterite: 'lila 8011 he did not go, 'lila byasbe did not do (it). - c. with the presenttense also in conjunction with tho wordsyin, lafP. mlis, red.~d.without any evidentI"('/.Ison, and perb. not /.Ilways correctly, withmnny snbstantives and lldjecth'es that llJ'eformed of infinitives or participles, and arecon\'eying a negative sense: ma-l'ig-pa II.

not knowing, ignorance; ma-ruu·ba v. I'wi·

ba Iv' mi).V. In the col. language of Ll,. rna is

used as an interrogative, when a questionis returned hy a question: 1'1f!Jdd.di mi,; Ciu"- what is your name? "mill 'lila'· myname?

V. Affix, SCH:alled article, frq. denvtingthe fern. of the mase. in pa, if mo is notnsed inst. of it; gen. put to the names ofinanimate thillgll, utensils etc., as also tocompound n.djecth·es: zans ru· bZi - '/ila afour·nandled kettle (cf. bu lo·rn!li8·pa ahoy two years old, sub pa).

VI. mai 'win two days before yesterdayc., = sli6n·ma zag w:~. ma II'. alwa)'s widl a marked accentundr:.. long vowel, prob. abbrev. of mWlS very,before adjectives and adverbs, ·ma ma/i­po· very much, 1'fIla fJfjdl-la· ver)' good.

eJ,f1TJ'::" ma-kdr (Hind. .JtL. imp6!tor) w:deceit, imposition, intrigue, ·ma-kul' M-te ztr"he speaks hypocriticall)', with some secretdesign; ma·kal'-<lan, hypocritical, fawning.

400

md-lag

''T*^' mti-k-n-nt .s'.s/-. sea-monster.

* ma-Kd 1. Lt.= mfoun-dbye. 2. Mecca

.

'

ma-Kdl v. ma I.

ina-mKdn v. ma-rgdn.

*

ma-<jal Wdit., \V. poplar-tree.

md-gi v. wa II.

'

i<t-i'<ldd*ma.r-gdd*Glr.,i\-om JT^RfT-

emerald.

ma-rgdn W. *mar-gdn* 1. matron,

grandam. 2. 6'. also *ma-Ken* cook;

quarter-master.^v

"

ma-cen 1. v. wa I. 2. head-cook.

ma-fri-mu-tri-sa-la- dzu

is said to be a form of

prayer of the Bonpos, as the Ommanipad-inehum is of the Buddhists; Desg. p. 242

hits: ma tc/irl mou me sa le gou.

(?)ma-ddri Ld. a place on the roof

of a house cleared for spreading

grain there.

ma-yddn, W. *mag-ddn*, C. *ma-

den* ground, basis, foundation; also

for ma-yddn-gyi ri-nw ground-plan.

rdu, *ma-du W. thorn,

S prickle, md - rdu - can thorny,

prickly.

md-rdo, *mar-do* W. prob. a careless

pronunciation of rmdn^rdo.

* ma-nin 1. without sexual distinction

Med. and Gram. 2. impotent, un-

able to beget S.g. 3. barren, childless Wdii.

(explained by bu-fsa-med-pa). --4. 6s.:

also hermaphrodite, Wdn. however denotes

thisexplicitly by mfsan-ynyis-pa.ma-nu Med.? Cs : =

>i as symb. num.: 14.

ma-nu-pa-tra a medicine Wdn.;

in Lh. Bryonia dioeca.

md-ni(Ssk. precious stone) l.abbrov.

of Onirnanipadmeham; *md-ni tdn-ct'*

W. l. to mutter prayers. '2. to purr like a cat.

Hence 2. praying-cylinder, prop. ma-ni-Zos-

Jidr Schl. 230. 8. consecrated stone-heapsor stone-walls (Mongul ()bo}Schl. 196; iim-

ni bka- biim title of a book; as to its con-

tents v. Schl. 84.

ma -p (i'1 Mil., ma-pdm Cs. =* ma-

drds-pa, v. drds-pa.md-ma children's nurse DzL, Glr., Cs. :

nit-ma snun-pai wet-nurse, dri-nm

Opyi-bai nurse for cleaning, pdn-du /<//-

bat for carrying, rtsed-grogs-kyi for playing.

ma-mun Ld. col. for na-bitn, fog.

md-mo 1. ScA. grandmother. 2. ScA.

ewe, sheep that has lambed. 3 Mil.

and elsewh. frq., a kind of wicked demons.

T(" ma-zi Lt. medicinal plant (?).

J*(3' md-zu v. zu-ba.N3

md-fzi, W. *mab-zi* \. ground-work,

basis, elementary principle, component

part; prime colour; principal thing, main point- 2. Sch. originally (?).

mil ~y& Ssk- Tib. sgyu- prul-ma'delusion', n. of the mother of Buddha

Snkyamuni.

ma-yyog = fab-^yog kitchen-boy,

scullion ir.

"^" ma-ri, ma-^re v. wia II.

*

md-ni n. of a castle, perh.= rmt-ru.

* mu-i'u^rtse 1. n. of a medicine M</.- 2. n. of a country Pth.

a-^ /Sc/<. excellent! capital! --In<??r Introd. p. 69 it was explained

by our Lama as = V-wa ah, well! Also

Feer has: Eh bien!

m(* -la- Kan Ld. snake-charmer,

conjurer.

w-^-.'/ the western Ghauts fam.>u>

for sandal-wood: the tracts along

their foot, Malayalim. Malabar.sx

flSfOf$ ma-la-la- tse Ld. small lizard.

ma-lag I'd. somerset; *md-lag I6g-

be* to perform u somerset, to play

the tricks of a mountebank; to roll on the

ground with legs turned up, of horses etc.

ll'fTJ'J;,: ma-Im-m

~'''Tx..' 1IUI-kll-ra &1.'. sea-monsler,

iJ:lF ma-.t'd J. Lt. - m(,an.dbye. - 2, MeteaSto9.

6:1'~' 11ll1-J!dl v. tnl. L

~-~~ '1111l-",J!dll v. ma-rgdn.

;:j''!f..j- mll-gdl IV;f,i., W. poplar-tree.

~.~. lIlu-gi v. 111(1 IT.

~'~"Ila-rgdd, ·'mal'-gad"Gb·.,from~,

-'1 \ emerald.~.tM:. ma-rgull IV. ·1IIal'-gdn· 1. matron,

-Tl grandam, 2. C. nho ·ma-/tin· cook;quarter-master.~

;:j'~' ma-em 1. \'. ma 1. - i. head-cook.

~.~''8'' t?~.t:.l'~e:- ma-rri-mu-tri..,a_la_od:,u::)::) ..., is said to he a f01'1ll of

prn)'cl' of the llonpo>', as tIle Ornm:mipad­mehom is of the Buddhists; lJesg. p. i4211lIs: mil tclll; moo 1nt $a le gou.

~-~i:: (1) ma-ddli IA!. a place 011 the roofof 1\ house cleared for spreading

gmin there.~'.l:fJ-~' ",a-rddn, W. ·mag-ddn·, C. ·ma­

1 din· ground, basis, foundation; aLsofol' ma-r11dll-g!li ri-mQ ground-plan.~'':- ~.~-(?) ma'Nu, ·",a-du W. thorn,~' ~ prickle, md - Nit - CUll Ihorny,

prickly.5:l-¥ ma-rdo, *mur-dQ· IV_ \woh. a careless

I pronunl.'iation of 1'111Iifi-rdQ.~-~. ",a-,/ili 1. without sexual distinction

Aled. rwd Gmm. - 2. impotent, un­able 10 beget S.y. - 3. barren, childless Welli.(explained by bu-(sa-11l/!d-pa). - 4. Ca.:also hermaphl'fldite, tVd,i. however denotesthis explicitl), by m(sall-rn.Y;$-pa.~'''i' 1/lIHIU Med.~ c,: -~, ~, yitl;~ as s)'mb. Mill.: 104.

;j'o5j'.q'~' ma-nu-pa-tra a medicine Wdli.;~ in L/,. llr}'onin dioecllo.

~j>' wl·'!i (&1:. prceious swne) J. l\.bbre\'.uf OllllDallipndmelu'lm; ·mu-1li tdli·CI'~

w; 1. to mutter prayers. 2. to purr like a callienee 2. praying-cylinder. pro!l. '!Jla-'lt~Qt-

",.)!6r &/,l. 230. - a. consecrated stone·heapsor stone-walls (Mongul 0ixJ) &/d. 196; lIki_

11i bl:«./nnll title of II hook; as to iLs con­tents v. &hl. a4.~•.:.jt;,' tna-lhM AliI., m«-p&m c.. _ ma­

drdt-pa, v. aro..pa.~.~' md_ma children's nurse Dzl., Glr., Oi:.:

lI11-ma ./lulI-!lai wet-nurse, dl'i-f1/l1

opyi-bui nurse for clel\.niog, pJIi.-du .,fur­bai for carrying, "Wd-fI"O!P-kyi for playing.

~.~. 1II«-11Iun ul. col. for n«.!Jun, fog.

5:l';f md-»I() 1. Sell. grandmother. - 2. &h.eWe, sheep tlmt has lnrubeu. _ 3 Mil.

and elsewh. frq., l\ kind of wicked demoDS,

~.~. ma-zi Lt. medicinal plaot (?).

~.~ md-zu v. ZIi-ba.

~.~. md-r:;, tv. -11Idb-ZI-- 1. ground-work.basis, elemenlary principle. component

pari; prime colour; principal thing, main poinl- 2. Seh. originally (?).5:l'ur ?/ICI-yu Sd:. - Tib. fgflU-olirul-'IIltlr; r; 'delll5ion'. n. of the mother of BuddhnSnkynmuni.~'=-TIm' ma·rydg.., (ah-PM kilchen-boy,

~r""l scullion W:~ ~"'f....:, ~..z:.. ma-I'i, ma-re \'. ma II.

~.~. ma-I'u n. of a castle, perh. - rml-ru.

~.~.~. lIIa-ru-I'[$e 1. n. of \l. medicine Med.- 2. n. of a country Pil,.

5:l'r:r ma·h, &h. excellent! capital! - InFtcI' Illtrod. II. G9 it was ell:pl"iucd

by 01,11' Lama AS_'e_ma ah, well! AlsoFeel' has: Eh Mm!~.t:.l'f5i' lIId.- la - (all 1.-d. snake-charmer,

conJurer.6:I't:.l~~. 1IUi-la-ya the western Ghauts famous

fvr sll.odal-wood: the tr:Icts :l.lvugliu<ir foot, Malayalim, Malabar.

~

~·t:.l·r.r'3"~ma·la-la·tliI! Ld, small lizard.

~'lll:rr 111l1-UI!! IA!. somerset: -lfld_InglO!!·Ct· to perfol'ln II "omerset, to IlIa)'

the tricks of II mountebank; to 1'011 on the/tround. wilh legi turued up, of hol':'~ etc.

410"

md-lam man

'md-lam high-road, broad passage W. mo,

lonS aS' lonS since ^ Cs -' *man-

ha? W. col. for mdn-por, mdn-ba(r); *zagdan zag mdn-na mdn-na tdn-ce* to give a

little more every day. mdn-ce v. above.

mdn-ja a liberal distribution of tea Ld.-

Glr. Schl. fol. 27, a, and p. 72. mdn-du is

not only the termiu. case, but also a com-

pound of man and the synon. du, being used

exactly like mdn-po, both in the nomin. and

accus case, ydams-nag mdn-du bstdn-pas

Jbrds-bu bzi fob-pa mdn-du byun as he gavemanifold instructions, many became ob-

tainers of the four fruits Tar. 14, 3.

mdn-ba I. vb. pf. mans, to be much,

Odi mdn-nam de man is this muchor that? i.e. which is more, this or that?

Dzl.; dgra mans -pas as the enemies had

become very numerous Dzl.; sman-dpydd

mdns-pas pdn-rgyu med by making muchof medical treatment he will not grow well

Mil;ma man cig be it not much, let it

not grow too much Mil. and elsewh.; mdtls-

kyis dogs -pa fearing lest it should growtoo much Wdti. II. adj. \.mdn-po.

-

2. having much, bu man-bar Ogyur-ba to get

many children, bu-mdns rich in children

Pth. mdns-fsig a sign of the plural num-

ber, e.g. dag Gram. HI. also sbst. plenty.

mdn-yul, a province of Tibet bor-

dering on Nepal, in which skyid-

gron is situated, v. skyid.

man-dzi-ra S.g. a mineral medi-

cine; perh. man-dza-ri Ssk. pearl.

&J7,QJ"manrfal Ssk, prop. Tib. dkyil-Jlor

p> jewels, viands etc. presented as offer-

ings, and arranged in a cirle Glr. and else-

where, cf. fsogs.

mad 1. = nad(?) lus mad -med -cmSambh. 2. sometimes for smad.

mdd-pa true, kyed mad ysun-zin as

you speak what is true Mil.', ma

nyes-pai bden-fsig mdd-po smras kyan al-

though he solemnly declared not to have

committed it Pth.

tx- man I. sbst., also mdn-na, md-naHind.^ a 'man' or Indian hundredweight, equal

to about 80 pounds, anglicized maund. -

II W. for ma yin (B. min) 1. it is not;

mu-sa 1. Ssk. ffi^f, pea, Phaseolus

radiatus, = mon-srdn or greu Wdit.

- 2. W. the contrary of ya-sa, contempt,

scorn, disregard. 3. W. trigger of a musket.

rnrv ma-sa-ka Ssk. TH'qcfi, Cs. : a small

gold weight and coin in ancient

India.

xrJcrrn* ma-si-ka name formed from the' Hebrew rputo, for Christ, the Greek

word not being adapted to the Tib. languageChr. Prot.

ma-hd Ssk. great, used in names and

titles : ma-hd-kd-la and de-ba = Siva

Glr.; ma-hd-tsl-na, ma-hd-tsin the modern

name of China, formerly rgya-ndg; ma-hd-

tsi-nai skad the Chinese language Wdk.;

ma-ha-rd-dza the great king, title of some

princes, particularly that of Kashmere.

ma-he, Ssk. Tff^^, buffalo Glr., ma-

he-mo female of it.

mag-pa 1 . son-in-law Dzl., mag-skudson-in-law and father-in-law Dam.

2. bridegroom col.

\' mag-mal, Ar. J^?, velvet W.

man 1. C. col. for mi on, mi Odug (?) ;

so also in some passages of the Ma.2. v. mdn-po.

wo

w

1"^" man-ga-lam Ssk. = bkra-sis.

man-po 1. much, many, m^ man-po(rnams) many people, also (like nl

most people, the gross or bulk of

the people, for which W. *mdn-ce*, e. g*mdn-ce zer dug* most people say, or, mostlyit is said etc.; Jf.or man -po(rnams) the

numerous retinue Dzl.; mdn-por adverb

mostly (not frq.) Zam.; cu man-nyun Itos

look after the height of the water, whether

there is much or little of it; ycig bsgyur-ba-la man-nyun med if you multiply by 1,

you will get neither more nor less Wdk.

2. very, very much, with verbs, chiefly col.,

man-po Jjigs I am very much afraid.

Comp. and deriv. man-bkur = mdn-posbkur-ba v. bkur-ba I. and II. - -

man-ge-

~.~.md-lam high-road, broad passage lV.

~'-t1' mJ~ia 1. &1.:. 1lT(. pea, Phascolusr!Uiill.tus, = 1JlQ7~-Brdn or gftu WdJi.

- 2. W the contrary of ya-Au, contempt,scorn, disreganl. - 3. lV. trigger of a musket.~..t1'''l' ma-Au-hI Ssk. 1l'T'ffi'i, Cs.; a small

gold weiglJt and coin in ancientIndia.~..n"'f ma-8i-ka name fonned from the

. I Hebrew n'wl:', for Christ, the Greekword Dot being adapted to the Tib. InD~uage(,7'f. Prof,~':<j' ,,!a../ui SM. great,. used in names ~Ild

r.:.. titles: ma-lui·ka-w aDd dl-ba = SmtGlr.; ma.hd-ui-na, ma-lld-UJin the modemDame of China, formerly f!!!la-nag; ma-M­tsi-nai d:ad the Chinese language lVd};:.;ma-ha-r(l-dzli the grell! king, title of someprinces, particularly that of Kashmere.

~·a. 'lila-he, &~'. 'Jl'ftq. buffalo Glr., ma-l he-mo female of it.

,;mr.q m«gfa 1. son-in-law Dzl., mag.-skud-, 'I son-in-law aDd father-in-law Da·m.

2. bridegroom col.

~'tf~r.r 1Tl(Ig-mal, .AI'. J.-~, velvet lV.

.J.ll:;' mw; 1. C. eol. for mi On, mi odug (1);so also in some IJa8sages of the Ma.

- 2. v. '1IIUJi-j1().o

~l:;~~' mwi-ga-lam &~'. _ bkl"a-Sis.

~l:;'rf muri-po 1. much, many, mi mwj,..po(nwnUl) many people, nlso (like Ilf

1rIlHm) most people, the gross or bulk ofthe people, for whieh w: ·man - &., e.g·mun-ell urdug" most people say, or, mostlyit is said etc.; ).'01' m'II' - poernams) thenumerous retinut: D::i.; mUli_po" adverbmostly (not frq.) ZalU.; Cu tnan-nyiui It.oslook after the height of the water, wl,etherthere is much or little of it; reig mggU/'­ha_la mali-lIgun med if you multiply by 1,you will get neither mOre nor less Wdk. ­2. very, very much, with "erbs, chiefly col.,tnati-po Jigf J 11m very much afraid.

Compo and deriv. mwi-hkUr - ;'ld,j-~

bkUr--ha v. bkUr-ha 1. and II. - mali-gt-

mo long ago, long since (1) Ca. - smali_ila~ w: col. for md,j-j1()r, ma,j-h.-I(r); ·zagd(u; ~/lfl mdn-lia ma,j-"a tan_ees w give A

little more every day. - muri-ce v. abo,·e.- mdli-Ja a liberal distribution of tea J.d.­Gil'. &hi. fo!. 27, a, and p. 72. mali-du isnot only the fermiu. case, but nlso 1\ CODI­

Ilound o(ma,j I\nd the synon. dl~, being usedaactly like mu,j-po, hoth in tile nomin. andaecus case, rd/l1Wj-iu!g tndli-du hstdn-pa8obrJ8-lm bii (db-pa mdli-du hyu,i as he gavem11nifold instructions, PIau)' bee11me ou..tainers of the four fruits Tar. 14,3.~~:::::r mdfi--ha 1. vI". pl. malis, to be mUCh,

odi mdri-nam d~ '1Iwn is this muebor that? i.e. which is more, this or that'?D;;l.; d.,!ra mdns-pas as the enemies haabecome very numerous Dzi.; 8man,-dpydd'1IUiliB-p(lJj Jidn-rgyu mal by making muchof mediclII treatment he wilt not groll' well,Vit ; ma mali tifl be it not mueb, let itnot grow too mnch ./Ilil. l\lld elsewb.; mdfi&­kyi8 ddg8 - pa fearing lesL it should growtoo mueb 1Vdli. - II. adj. 1. md,i-po. ­2. having mUCh, bu ~1Ia1j--har ,,!/yu,._ba to Wtmany c1lildreo, bu-mul'8 rich in children1'tk - mum.(8ig a sign of the plul'lll num­ber, e.g. dag Gram. -HI. 11lso sLst. plenty.~t:.~-4'- ma;'.yui, a IlrD\·jnce of Tibet bOl-

dering- on Nepal, in which ekyid­grdfi is situated, v. eJ.7/w.~~~'\. man-tL"'i--ra S.g. a mineral lnedi­

cine; peril. man-dza-ri &~.. peart.~pIll' m/l')4/ll &k, prop. Tib. dAy/i- )!Qrr jewels, viands etc. presented as offer­

ings, lUJd arranged iu a cirle Gll'. and else­where, cf. (80g8.

tG-- mad 1. = 11ad (?) lus mad - mid. l:iJ,\ SamM. - 2. sometimes for 8mad.

~-'::r mad-pa true, l'!led mad fBuit-Zin as"" you speak whut is true Mil.; ma

uyh-pai Ixuu-fsig mdd-po 81/11'(13 ~'!I(Hi al­though he solemnly declared not to havecomruitted it Pth.~,:;:. man J. sbst.,also man-'ta, tnd~allilld.

~\ a 'man' or Jndian hundredweight, equl\lW IIbout 80 ('Dunds, anglicized maund.­II lV. (OJ'm/l yin (E. 'min) 1. it is not;

mar-ka-la-ya

*'' man* this it is not; *mdn-na* is it not

isn't it? is it? In roiijiinrtiou with a

negative it is col. almost the ouly word l.>r

only, but etc.: *de mun-na mi yon, de inan-

na med* only this one is to be met with,

lir-iili's this there are none; *la-ddy-yi lug<-itn-xt' tnun-nti mi i/on* there are only small

sheep in Ladak; *dun-la mun-na mi f6n-

ktin" lie who sees only what is close be-

fore him, a short-sighted person; *cl<j-bu lo

yyad tin-la mdn-na mi yon* fruit will ap-

pear only after a space of eight years;*di-

rt it inan-na ma foil* I have seen (him, it)

only to-day, i.e. to-day for the first time

cf. min. '2. no. -- III. = ma II., man-

ydn below and above Cs.; man-cdd, -rm/,

-cod 1. adv.and postp.c.accus., below, down-

ward. on the lower side of, as far as, lte-ba

man-cad cu ndn-du nub Glr, he was im-

merged in the water below his navel, i.e.

up to his navel; inst. of man-cdd also mere-

ly man: pus-mo gon man Mil,, lit below

the parts over the knee i.e. higher than the

knee; de man-cdd, below that Glr.] in re-

ference to time, from, do-nub man cad from

this evening JW?7.;de man-cdd since, from

that time forward Mil.; rman btin-ba man

nili-yiKix nulzdd-pa ydn-la from the founda-

tion up to the consecration Glr.', even to

(the last man), (all) except or save (one),

also *mdn-pa, mdn-pe, man-Kan, man-pa*W. (B. min-p<t}.

- - 2. sbst. lower part of

a country, lowland, thus in Lh. as a propername.

tiKin-ndy, Ssk. ^q^^, advice, di-

rection, information, ston-pa to give,

man-itay (-yi}-ryyud v. ryyud 2; in later

writings and in the mind of the common

people, it coincides with snags, in as muchas the esoteric doctrines of mysticism, i.e.

magic art, are concerned, which are com-

municated in no other way than by word

of mouth;

cf. Ka-rgyan.

411

ne) Ld.,

turbid, muddy, dingy, dim.

dull, dusky, as to water, flames of light etc.

c^-

$I<3i"x$* mdn-tsi Sch. a kind of silk-cloth.

i 1. /Se/t/a small square table*.

ace. to others a tripod with long curv-

ed feet, for sacrificial purposes. 2. W-

bed Hindi

*

man-s{d crystal, glass It/i.

;</, Ihag, v. man II. and 111.

man-da-ra-ba,in paradise Sty.

a tree

r I. sbst., resp. ysol-mdr 1. butter

Thgy , 6'., W. - - 2. col. also oil.-

Comp. skya-mdr, Ld. Kay-la mar fresh, not

melted butter; ba-mdr cow-butter; Jbri-

mdr yak-butter; Jbru-mdr oil from oleagin-

ous seeds, rape-seed oil etc. Dzl. and else-

where; rtsi-mdr oil from the stones of apri-

cots etc. ;mdzo-mdr butter from the bastard-

cow; zun-mdr melted butter, yhi (Hind.),

the usual form of butter in India and frq.

also in Tibet, highly esteemed both as food

and as medicine; *zum-mdr-pa* C. lamp;

mar-dkdr Med. skya-mdr. mdr-lcu melt-

ed, liquid butter mar-rnyin old, rancid

butter, recommended by physicians for dis-

eases of the mind, fainting-fits, wounds.

*mar-ndy* W. oil, *nyun-dkar-mar-ndy*

rape-seed oil. *mar -blug* W. a small

urn-shaped vessel for butter or oil. mar-

ine lamp, at present only for holy uses, thus:*mar -me yhyen-fsen* holy, heavenward

burning lamp 6'. (formerly any lamp Dzl.

V^S, 11; Glr.}\ mar me mdzdd Buddha Di-

pankara, v. Dzl. XXXVII.; mar-kdg&Mil. a part cut off, one half of a mar-ril,

i.e. a globular lump of fresh butter, about

one pound in weight, not unfrequently offered

to travellers as a gift of courtesy. mur-

)-xur fresh butter Lt. II. termiu. of m<t

I.,to or 'into' the mother; mar-gyur ^ro-ba

regarded as a mother, a creature loved like

a mother, Mil.\ v. ma II. down, downward,mar-la id., B. and C'.; v. rbab and <<yrib-

pa; mar-no v. no 5.

mar-ka-la-ya (?) a fine ochre-

>u> earth, found e.g. on the

Baralasn pass between Lh. and Ld., used

-'j _- this it is not; -~ill-J«.- IS It Dol1lO? iso't it? is it? In rotljuD('lion wilh •Mgatire it is eol. almo..t the 001, word forMy, but ('I(:.: -de _iN_~ "., yo;', de fidN­'"0 m«r 001)· Ihis one is to be Dlet with,be..idflll this Iilere are nOne; ·/a.Jtig-gi IWJ1H..-M "'U"-NII flti !JOt1· thef(' are onl)' slDnUslJ~p in J.,nd:l.k; -dlm-14 mdn-na tIIi to/i­JIm- he who sees only whAt is dIMe be­fore him, :1 short-sighled Ilel'8On; -{/i-bu togywl tbi_la mun-,Ui 1Ili :I/oil- fruit willltp~

I'rar only "fler A space of eighL )canl; -{/i­n',. uw,,-na ma (oil- I bo\·e seen (Ilim, it)ooly to-doy, i.e. to-do)' for the Ill'llt timed. min. - 2. no. - Ill. - "'4 II., mali­,0.. betow and above Yo; trwn-lUd, -bid,-lOJ 1. adl'.and postJl.c.aeco ,below. down­ward. on the lower side of, as far as, lti-lJaItttlll-<rid hi f1u/i-du 1tvb Gf,.. he "'as im­merged in tbe ....ter below hi Davel, i.e.up to his oa"el; inst. of fllan-Md also mere­ly _n: pNa-JPIO go;' 1fUm .1M., li& belowtbe porU over the knee i.e. bigher than theknee; tie man-rOd. below thnL Glr.; in re­ference to time, from, do--IIIib 1111111 lild fromthi~ evening .Mil.; de fllall-cdd since, fromthai time forward Mil.; !'Illmi bt;n-!Ja ".all

rab-ynd. mdzad-pa yan-Ia from the founda.­tion or to the consuration Gfr, j eVen to(the last mM), (aU) except or $lye (one),"Iso -1tId1l-pa, mun.-J'(, mall-Ian., man-Jla­n: (ll. '/tin-pa). - 2. sbst. lower part ofa C(luntry, lowland. thus in IA. as a llropernMme,

~~~ fHa./t."lig, StJ.:. ~., amce, di-rection, information, UdH~ to gi"e,

fNJ/t· ria!! ("!fI) -rgyiJI[ v. ''!J!fWt[ 2; in laterwritings and in the mind of the commonpeople, it coincides with ,na!!" in AS muchII.S the esoteric doctrines of mysticism, i.e,magic art, Are concerned, whieh nrc com~

llIunicated in DO other WAy thAn by wordof mouth; cf. ~'a""'!JYall.

~ ~', d)~', ;5')', :r, ,.,~ Wlall - hid,.., lad, ANI,

pa, 11ta!}, '-. 1III(J1I 11. lind II L

~~'''':r "lan-d.-ra-bu, ......rTl\<••" a treein paradise Stg.

'"'I'\"('\" <' -C-) 'M'.(._) LJ.,

turbid, IIltHWy, dingy, di,.,6trU, dusky, all W watu, 8aDlet of light etc.

~.

~')~. "uiJe-Ui &4. a kind of ilk~klth.

~~ man..d::i 1. &4. 'a sman IqIW1! table',aec.lo others a tripoil with long cur.....

ell feet, for sAcrificial puql()Se&. - 2. W·bed Jlilldi 11"1"'

~~..tr..J' mall-Ad crystal, glass 1'11•.

~.l\ 1IIaI' 1. shst., res". pol--mdr 1. butler'fA!JY, (,:, n~ - 2. col. also oil. ­

Compo ~mdr, Ld. J'ug-Io. "Jar fresh, Dotmelted butter; ba -"wr cow-buuer; .""­"Wo )'ak,-buuer; _bnl.-"w,. oil from oIe.gio­OUI seed,.., mpe-seed oil etc. D:J. ADd else­where; rUi..".dr oil from the tones of apri­cots etc.; ",d:o-",(jr huuer from tbe bastard­cow; htll-1tfWo mehed butter, gil; (I1iruL),lIle usual form of butter in India aIld Irq.nlso in Tibet, bighly esteemed botli as foodami 1IS medicine; ·zjulI-mUr-pa- C. lamp;mar-tikur Med. _ sk~a-lJIdr.-ftidr.lu mt'lt­ed, liquid buttel'. - tIIar·.rnyiil old, ronddbutter, recommended by plly~icifUls for dis·eases of the mind, fainting-fits, wounds. _-mar-mi? IV. oil, -lIY'"i~d~r-71ll1r-1Uig­

rape-8eed oil. - ·mar· bl"fl W. 0. slIlallurn·shaped "essel for huttl'r or oil - _r­.,,1/ lamp, nt flrest'Jlt ooly for holy uses, thus:-.,ar - JIll V"yna- 6jx- hoI,., beayenwardburning IlUUl' C. (formerl,. ally lamp D::Lv.s, 11; Gi,..); Mtrr 'IRe "J::Ud Buddha 01­pailkan., v. D::l. XX-XYII.: - fftUr_:dgr,Ilil. a part cut off, one half of a ",ar-ril,i.e. a globubi lump of fre3h buller, aboutone IKiund in weight, notuofrequentlyolreredto tra'·ellers AS • gift of courles)'. _ mar­r-ur fresh buuer Lt. - U. termin. of fI'al.,to or 'illto' the mother; lIIar-g!Jllr~o.regarded liS l\ mother, a creature lo'·ed likea mother, MiL; Y. fila II. do ....n, downward,",dr-Ill id., B. and C.; ", riKJJ and .grib­pili tHQt"--ofq Y • .w 5.

~%;.'T"-4~ MUr-A:/lI-la-ga (?) • fine O<'hre-­01/,;; earth, found e. g. OIl the

Ban.1a.'Ia J11li8 ~twte:n IA. and £d., used

412

mar-rgdn

as ground-colour in staining houses with

dkdr-rtsi Ld.

mar-rgdn v. ma-rc/dn.

mar-no v. no 5.

'mar-don perh. dmar- d6n.

mar-pa, n. of a holy Lama, teacher

of Milaraspa, by whom he was highly

respected.

T mar-ba provine, for dmdr-ba Sch.

'mar -yul Ma., n. p.

= la -dwags

Ladak.

mal, the place where a thing is, its

site, situation, *mdl-du zdg-pa* C. *bw-

ce* W., to put a thing in its own place ;

also where a thing has been, its trace, ves-

tige, sin-rtai rut, wheel-mark, track; mal

ycig-tu mi Odug-pa prob. to be unstable,

changeable, fickle, restless; more esp. placeof rest, COUCh, bed, mdl-gyi ^og-tu under

the bed Glr.; dgons-mal resp. for night-

quarters Dzl. 9QP, 3 (so ace. to the xylo-

graphic copy; Sch. having the less appro-

priate dgons-lani); *mal dug-ce* W. to live

in a strange place, enidy/uelv, mal bde-ba

Sch. a quiet sleep, nai lus sems mdl-du bde

I now may safely lie down, fig. for: the

danger is now over Glr. mal-Kri bed-

frame, bed-stead. mal-gos Cs., mal-cd

Lea;., *mal-ce* C., *-stdn* C., W . Dzl. bed-

ding, bed-clothes. mal-ldan Sch. 'cradle',

rather improb., perh. hammock. mal-yolbed-curtain. mdl -

sa, resp. yzims- mdl

couch, bed.

mal-la-mul-le Ld. lukewarm,

tepid.

mal-li-ka Ssk., properly name of

a flower, Jasminum Chainpaca,used as an epithet in pompous titles of

books.

mas 1. instrum. case of ma mother.

2. v. ma II,the lower part, gen. how-

ever with terminative meaning, downward,towards the lower parts, mas btdh-ba Med.

to move downward, to purge; backward, last

Sch.; used also as a sbst. : mds-kyi the last,

e.g. yi-ge final letter Cs. ; mas-la downward,below Sch., mds-nas from below Sch. ;

cf.

the contrary yds.

|V mi, I. num. figure: 46. II. sbst. man,

mi ysod-pa to kill men, to murder, mi-

med ri-Krod uninhabited, desolate moun-

tains Mil.;mi-rnams nd-re people said Mil.;

mi-la ma lab tell no body else of it Mil;

rdn-gis bsdgs-pa mi-yis spyod what we gath-

ered ourselves, is enjoyed by others Mil.;

mi-nor ran sloit-ba to gather by beggingwhat belongs to others Mil.

;mii bu-mo

1. daughters of men, opp. to lhai bu-mo

e.g. witches appear in the shape of daugh-ters of men Mil. 2. daughters of others,

opp. to rdn-gi bu-mo Mil., cf. also mi-bu

further on; pleon. before a pers. pron. of

the first person: mi-nd, mi-bddg I, Mil.

(cf. po), and with certain sbst.: ytso-bo mi

drug (we) six lords Glr.; plur. also mi-fso

Sch.

Comp. mi-Ka, (idle) talk of the people,

common talk, yul-sdei ndn-nas mi-Ka sdud

in the whole neighbourhood one is an ob-

ject of gossip, nif.; defaming talk

; impre-

cating speech, with or without nan-pa, mi-

Kd zug or pog (damnation) lights on (me,

him) Dom. mi-kyim \. human dwelling,

house, (the Chinese capital contained) mi-

kyim Obum-t'so 100 000 houses Glr. 2. Ld.-

Glr. Schl. 20. b. and Glr. 94, 7 it seems to

imply the people of a household, domestics,

the same as Kyim-ghi mi. mi- gren v.

^gren-ba. mi-rgod v. rgod-pa II. mi-

brgyud v. brgyud. mi-rje sovereign, king,

mi-rje mdzdd-pa to be king, to reign Glr.

- mi -nyid Cs. 'humanity, honesty' ;

mi-

nyid-can 'humane, honest' (?) mi-brddg.1. = mi-rje. 2. symb. num. : 16. mi-mda

(vulgo min-da) Mil. and C., W. : men, per-

sons preceded by a numeral, e.g. six men,six women (prop, a line or row of people).- mi-sde v. sde. Sch. has also: Iha-sdsi

mi-sde princes and nations. mi-snd ( .

race of men, class of people (seldom). 2.

messenger, delegate, not frq met with in

books, yet not unknown in C. and W., and

used esp. of messengers with an errand or

412

as ground. colour in staining houses wilhdJrdr-rni Ld.

c;'P\~' mar-rydn v. 1M-rgdn.

~"c: 1/'Wr-tio v. 1iQ 5.

~~.~. mar-dMI perh. dmar-od6n.

~,,'f mdr.pa, n. of a hoi)' Lama, teachcrof Milarnspa, by whom hewas highly

respected.

~"',::r mar-ba pro,·inc. for dmdr-ba &11.

~,,'~~' mdr - yuZ lUa., n. p. _ la - dwag8"-.; Ladak.

~Ilr mal, the pillce where a thing is, itssite, situation, -1>1ul-du zdgfa- C. -M'­

te- W:, to put a thing in its own place;also where a thing has been, its trace, ves·tige, Aili-rtai rut, wheel-mark, track; maZrCig.tu m,: odllg-pa I'1'0b. to be unstable,changeable, fickle, restless; more esp. placeof rest, couch, bed, mdl-!!!Ji .pg·tu underthe bed Glr.; d{}Oris-mal resp. for night­quarters Dzl. ?SO, 3 (so ace. to the lo:ylo­graphic COl))'; &/,. having tJu~ less appro­priate dgMs-lam); -mal dug-t:c- 1I~ to livein a strange place, inIJ'I~tii.,; mal lxM-ba&h. a quiet sleep, nai lua ~ms mdI-du WeI now may safely lie down, fig. for: thedanger is now oyer Glr. - mal-l!ri bed­fmme, bed-stead. - mal'gQ8 (;3., mal-cdJ.~., -mal-CD-- C., -·stdn- C., lV. Dzl. bed­ding, bed-clothes. - mal·ldwi &ll. 'cradle',rather improb., perh. luunmock. - mal-yolloed-curtain. - mo.l_ sa, resp. fdm8 - mdlcouch, bed. .~r..rlll·~:l.r~· ma~-Ia...tIllH-lt Ld. lukewarm,

tepId.~r..l·&l·TTJ· maI-li-ka &k., properly nume of

a flower, Jasminum Challlpaca,used as an epithet in pompous titles ofbooks.;.j~ ma! 1. instnltn. case of tlla motber. -

2. v. ma II, the lower part, gen. how­ever with terminative meaning, downward,towards the lower parts, mali btriJi-IJU Moo.to rnoye dnwnward, to purge; bac~ard. lastSell.; used aho ~ a sbst.: tluii-Ayi the last,

I

~. mi

e.g. yi-ge final letter Cs.; md~-la downward,below Sell., mds-nWl from below Sci,.; cf.the contrar)' yds.~. mi, I. num. figure: 46. -II. sbst. man,

mi f8od-pa to kill men, to muro('r, mi­mid ri-I..'rvd uninhabited, desolate moun­tains Mil.; mi-rnam! nd--re people said Mi!.;ml-Ia ma lab tdl 00 body else of it Mil;'rdli-gi! ImlgB--pa mi-lIi8 spyod what we gatlL­ered ourselves, is enjo),ed by otbers Mil.;m(·1I()1' ra,j 8lt:l,i·ba to gather by beggingwhat belongs to others Mil. j mii hit, ·1110

I. daughters of meo, opp. to Mai M·moe.g. witches appear in the shape of daugh­ters of loen Mil. 2. daughters of otbers,opp. to ran-,qi z,u-mo Mil., cr. also mi-bufurther on; pleon. before u. pen;. pron. ofthe first llerson: tIli-,id, mi-hddg I, Nil.(cf.po), aod with certaio sbst.: fts6-oo tll/'

drug (we) six lords Gll'.; plur. also mi-f80Sell.

Compo till-ita, (idle) talk of the people,common talk, yitl-!dei fld/i-t/WI mi·~'a sdudio the whole neighbourhood one is an 01.J­ject of gossip, oi f.; defnming talk; impre­cating speech, with or without tidn-pa, mi­I/o. zug or pog (damnation) lights on (me,him) Dom. - mi-kyim I. human dwelling,house, (lhe Chinese capilal contained) l/1i­

~"'Y(m oZ,um-fso 100000 bouses Gir. 2. Ld.­GIl'. &/d. 20. b. and GIl'. ll4, 7 it seems toimply the people of a household, domestics,the same as Inj'im-yhi mi. - 'TIti-o!J"iit Y.

o!!/·Cii·Z,a. - mi-tgOd ". rg6d-llu n. - mi­Z,rY!lud v. brgyud. - mi-r)e sovereign, king,mi-rJe md::dd-pa to be king, to reign Gll'.- mi - t1yid C8. 'humanity, hnnesty'; tlli­lIyid-ean "humane, honcst'(?) - mi-brddfJ.1. _ rill-rye. 2. symb. num.: 16. -mi-mdu(vulgo min-da) Mil. and C., W.: men, per­sons preceded by a numeral, e.g. six men,six women (prop. n. line or row of people).- '1Ili-Mli v. tKk. Scli. has ulso: fl,a-8dj;'TIli-sdJ princes and nations. - mi-!nd I.race 01 men, class of people (sefdom). 2.

messenger, delegate, lIot frq met with inhooks. )'et not unkl10wn in C. una lV, andused esp. of lliesscngf:rs with an el'rand or

< Imrge given them in words; in our trans-

lations introduced for apostle, pd-nya hav-

ing been adopted for 'angel'. mi-dpdn

prefect (Hr., C. --mi(i)-bu I. a child of

man, a mortal, po., Mil., cf. mii bu-mo above.

'.'. son of man, when Christ speaks of him-

selt as such, otherwise mii sras Chr. Prof,

in/ -bo Cs., rarely for mi. mi-dban,

prince, potentate. mi-ma-yin(-pd);yRT?

one that is not a human being, mi dan

ini-iini-i/in-jHi fams-cdd all human and not

human (adversaries) Dom., esp. ghosts, de-

mons, dur - Krod -kyi mi-ma-yin-pa-mams

the ghosts of a grave-yard (not the souls

of the dead); mKd-la rgyu-bai mi-ma-yinthe ghosts that walk in the air Mil.' dkdr-

pyogs-kyi mi-ma yin-'rnams good genii Mil.;

mi-ma-yin-cjyi co- prul apparitions ofghostsMil. mi-mo woman, yet only in contra-

position to Ihii-mo and other not humanfemale beings Mil. and elsewh. mi(i}-yulhuman world, lower world, earth, opp. to

regions of the gods or of infernal beings

Glr., Pfh. mi-rabs mankind. mi-ri</s

v. rigs. Mi-la-rds-pa, often only Mi-la,name of a Buddhist ascetic, of the 11 cen-

tury (Wdk.\ who between the periods of

his meditations itinerating in the southern

part of Middle Tibet as a mendicant friar,

instructed the people by his improvisationsdelivered in poetry and song, brought the

indifferent to his faith, refuted and con-

verted the heretics, wrought manifold mi-

racles (rdzu -Oprbl} ,

and whose legends,written not without wit and poetical merit,are still at the present day the most po-

pular and widely circulated book in Tibet.-mi-lag servant, *mi-ldg-tu </o'-?m* to do

servant's work, to perform drudgery W. -

mi-lus 1. the human body. 2. v. Im-pa.-

mi-ser \. subject, servant, menial, drudge.2. robber, thief, sharper.

-- 3. v. below.

III. negative adv. : not, in all such cases

where ma (q.v.) is not used. With simpleverbs the place of the negation is always

immediately before them, in compound forms

gen. before the last of the component parts,

e.g. Jbyitn bar mi Ogyi'tr-ro, unless logically

413

it belougs to the iii>t. in which case often

ma inst. of mi is employed. This rule, how-

ever, is not always strictly observed, so

Glr. 70: de dan ndm-dn i/m'i mi,l>ri'il-lir

gi/is sig, and immediately after: skad ybig

ki/< i t'i n> a brdl-bar gyi Siy do never partwith it

'

mi-nydg, mt-nydg, and^C*

Tanggucl, names of two provinces close-

ly connected with each other, situated

in the north-eastern part ofTibet and formingin ancient times a separate kingdom Glr.

5T&J* mi-ma Sch. tears.

"

mi-ser 1. n.p., formed after _*!*,

mi-ser yul Egypt, mi-ser-pa Egyptian, f'/ir.

Prof. 2. v. mi.

miam-ci, Ssk. f^Jp"^, fabulous be-

ings of Indian origin, nearly re-

lated to the Odri-za, and belonging to the

retinue of Kuvera; fern mian>-<-i-mo.

I-VQ-miu 1. a little man, dwarf, also miu-

^fun Wdn.

; mig-gi miu v. mig.- 2.

perh. applicable also to puppet, doll.

|crr mig, resp. 1. eye. '2. eye of a needle;

hole in a hatchet or hammer, to insert

the handle 3. symb. num.: 2. m

gi gafis Sch., the white of the eye; mig-gi

rgydl-mo or miu, 'the queen or the litt It-

man in the eye': 1. pupil. 2. iris Stg.- mig-

gi sndg-fsa or -mfso Cs., vulgo mig-gi ndg-

po id.; mig-gi me-tog Sch. the luminous

point of the eye: mig nydms-pa Cs. weak

eyes; mig ltd-ba to see with the eyes, to

look up, to look round Glr.; mig <l:i'tt-i>(i

to shut the eyes, Jbyed-pa to open the eyes,

v. Jbyed-pa 1; Od6n-pa, Ob<fiit-i>a

to cut or

tear out the eyes, to squeeze them out bya particular instrument, as a torture or pu-

nishment. C; wig bi-dr-lxt L&r., ace. to X<-/t.

id.; Hnli''/'<x-jnt. nidnns-jxtr ^nn'ir-ba to get

blind or blinded, to be deprived of sight

Dzl. : miff Xv//< l-p<i /<.. to distort or roll

the eyes: mig skii-ba Dom. (bskti-ba .') n.

of a certain magic trick; mig (fid-pa in-

flammation of the eyes through cold, snow-

blindness C. (perh. pyt'd-pa); *mig zug son*

~ mi

1·lnHge gi"en diem in WOI'dsj in our Irllll~­

I/!.tions introdlll..'cd for apostle, ~n!l" hav­ing been .dopted for 'Angel'. - 1l1i-dpdnprefett GIr., C. - mi(i)-lIu l. a child 01man, a mortal, 1'0., Mil., d. mii l"i-tl/o lIbove.2. son 01 man, wilen Cbrist spcl\ks of Jlim­sell ll~ sncb, otherwise mii al'CU (;I,r. Prot.- 1IIi-bo (:a., rnrely fOI' mi. - mi-dbali,prinee,potentate. -lIli-ma-!Jin(-pa)~.onc thllt is Dot n hum un Lein,ll:, mi dmi1I11·_7IIa.yin_pa (aml-<dd nil hnmnn lind nothumnn (l\dvers:lries) Dum., e~p. gbosls, de­mons, dur-J..'rOd-kyi tlli-ma.yin-pa-rnamathe ghosts of n gmveo}'nrd (not the soulsof ti,e dead); lIIJtd.[a r!!IIli-bai mi·ma-yinlhe ghosts thnt wulk in the nir Mil.; dkd,'­p!J09a-kyi ",i-ma yin.''1lama good genii Mil. jmi-ma-yilt-fJYi cO-oPrril apparitions ofghost!.•llil. - 111l-mo woman, yet only in contra­position to lIrA-fIIo nnd other 1I0t humanfemnle beings Mil. ~nd dsewb. - mi(i)-.1j'U1hnm~n world, lower world, ct\rth, OP[I. toregions of the gOlls or of infernnl LeinwsGlr., 1'th. - 'rill-raN mnnkind. _ mi."!!a". riga. - Mi-la-I'da-pa, onen only Mi-ia,Mille of l\ Buddhist ascetic, of the I J cen­tUI)' (lVdk.), who between the period!; ofhis meditations itinel'llting io the southernpart of Middle Tibet flS a mendicnnt frinr,instructed the people by his impro\'isatioDsdelivered in poetry and song, brought theindifferent to his faith, refuted nlld con­verted the heretics, wrought mnuifold mi­Tildes (rdzu - oPrUl) , nnd whose legends,..... ritlen not witllout wit and poeticRI mcrit,are. still nt the present day tile most po­polnr and widely circolated book ill Tibet.- 1l,j-idg ser\'llnt, ·mi-ldg-tll o<,O-It·(/.· to doservant's work, to perform drudgery W.­mi-bia I. the llUmnn body. 2. V. i,ilS-p(/..­mi-ser I. allbject, servant, menial, drUdge,2. robber, thief, sharper. - 3. ,'. below.

111. neglltil'e adv.: not, in Illl snch CR~es

when! ?/IU (q.I·.) is not used. With simpleverbs the place of the negntion i~ alwnysimmediately heforethem, in compound formsgen. before the Inst of the componelll pftrl~,

e.g. obyi..;'.bar ml o!I'J'ir-ro, nlllefJIlogjenUy

413

it helollgb to the fir~t, ill wilM:h cue often'1/lft in~t. of '1IIi is employed. Thill rule, how.ever, is not always ..triedy o~rved, ll<.>

Gil'. 70: de daJi num...:iu yait. 1I,i obrdi-barg!J;8 8ig, lind immediately t1fter: akad l"CJ9k!lmi nlu bl'CU-bar !Jl,;i>J jig do ne\'cr !Jllrtwith it~ -~''7'1', ~''7'1" mi-ll!Jug, mC-1Iydg, IInll ]=.'=1']-' Ttlnggud, nnmes of two pro"inees close­......"'\ Iy connected Wilh each other, situlltedin the norlh-enstern part ofTibelllnd forming:in ancient tilllcs a sepnrtlte kingdom Glr.

~.~. mi-ma Sch. tears.

~.~~ 1IIi - aer I. n.p., formed lifter ~,

llli-$i1' ytll Egypt, mi·aer-pa Egypti:lu, rill'.l'>'Ot. - 2. v. mi.~ap-r3' miam_i:i, &le. fe" fabulous be-

ings of Indillo origin, nenrly re­lated to the odri-za, anel belonging to theretinue of K,n'er,lj fern tlljam-Ci-rlw.~o miu 1. a little man, dwarf. also mi,l-

'" (lin Wdn.; tnig-gi milt v. WI~. - 2.perh. lljlplicable also to puppet, doll,~=I']' mig, resp. I. eye. - 2. eye 01 a needle;

hole in a hat<:het or bmmer, to insertthe hnndle - a. symb. num.: 2. - tllig.

.gi ga,;a &11., the white of the eye; tJtig-giI'f/ydl-nlo or mitt, 'lhe queen or the littlemnn in the eye': J. pupil, 2. iris Stg.; mig­.,,; 3wig-(3a 01' -m{w 0:., vlligo tlllfHti lIdg­po ill.; mig-gi lIIe-toy &h. lhe luminouspoint of the e)'e: mig 1ll/(;,Il3_pa <.4. wuke)'es; mig ltd-ba to $ee wilh the e)'e~, tolook up, to look round Gir.; Mig odzlilll'l'O,to sllut tlle eJes, obyld-pa to open the eyell,\'. obyld·pa 1; odQ"·pa, oby;lI-pa to cut orlear out the C}'es, to squecl':c them out b)'n pnrtieulnr inslrument, l\S Il torture or l'u­ni~IJlnenl G.; Mig /X;ar-ba Lu., n<:e. to &11.ill.; tlIcWit.:t-pa, md6113-Jl(1r ofnpiroba LO getblind or blinded, to be \Iepriv~d of o:ightD::l. j 1IIiy oJ.l!lUl-l'" &/L, t(j distort or rollthe e}'es: 1Il1fJ aJ.:u-bu Do",. (Iw.:iI-lI(lf) n.of a cerluill 1l11lgic trick; mlfJ lid-JIll in­llammnlion of tlJec)'cs through cold, snow­liliUdDelis 6, (p~h. pyid-pa); ·1Itlg tltf! 101i·

414

mtg mtg

it has struck my eyes, I should like to have

it C., W.; *mig log ltd-ce* to eye one ob-

liquely, with envy or jealousy W. -

Comp. mig-kyog squinting Sch. mig-

rkyen Mil.^ is said to be the same as mig-Itos. - -

*mig-skyor* W. eye-ball.--

mig-

skydg the impurities in the eyes 6s. mig-Kun eye-hole, socket Sch. mig-Jlrul Mil.

v. mig- prul. mig -grogs one's sweet-

heart Cs. mig -Ogram edge of the eye

Sch. mig-rgyah 1. v. rgyan-ma. 2. far-

sightedness, mig-rgydn-can one that is far-

sighted, mig rgyan-fuii short-sighted Bhar.

mig-sgyu mirage, looming, Fata Morgana,sos-kai fan-la mig-sgyu ^yu-ba bzin Thgr.like the mirage on a plain in the hot season.

-mig-sgyur-ma = mKd- gro-ma Mil.

miy-can 1. having eyes. 2. having seeds or

grains, fructified, of ears of corn W.

mig-cer v. ce-re. mig-lcibs eye-lid Med.-mig-cu \. tears W. 2. hydrophthalmia

Med. 3. mig-cu dzdg-pa blear-eyes Schr.

mig-brnyds Jiyer-ba Mil. c. dat., to slight,

to treat contemptuously. mig-rtul dim,dull eyes Sch. mig-lta (resp. zdl-lta,

zdl-ta)byed-pa to inspect, superintend (*mig-ta-Kan* overseer of workmen); to keep, to

guard; to care for, to minister, to serve.

-mig-ltdg Sch. = mig

-skyag (?) mig-

Itos J. eye-sight, look, mien 6s. 2. C. W.

learning by observation and close ocular

attention, *gdr-za-pe hin-dui mig-tos Kur,or Kyon, or lob dug*W. the people of Lahoul

copy the Hindoos; *mig-tos nan-pa Kur, or

lob son* W. he has imitated what is not

good. *mig-to-la pem-pa, or no'-pa* C.

to derive profit or harm from observing and

imitating others (?) *mig-to-la pem-pe 'tim*

deterring punishment. *mig-t'dg ton-wa*

a kind of torture in 61

.,little hooks, con-

nected by strings, being fastened in the

lower eye-lids as well as in the chest, bywhich means the former are constantlydrawn down and prevented from closing.

mig-fun short-sightedness 6s., mig-fun-can short-sighted. *mig-da* snow-spec-

tacles, shades formed of a texture of horse-

hair. *mig-ddl* C. = ynyid-rdol. mig-

Iddn = mig-can po. needle. mig-ndd,

disease of the eye.--

mig-po = mig 6s.,

mig-po-ce a large eye 6s. - -

*mig-pdg* C.,

W. eye-lid. mig-sprin 'a, white spot in

the eye' Sch.;

ace. to Lt. it seems to be

the white of the eye, sclerotica, in C. the

cataract is called so. mig-por Cs. mig-Kufi. --

mig- KrulMil. optical deception,

mig- Krul-mKan a showman 6s. mig-bu

'Augenklappe' Sch. (?) mig- bur goggle-

eyes. mig-Jbras apple of the eye, eye-

ball, *mig-dds log-ce, or mig-kor log-ce* W.

to roll the eyes ; bddg-gi mig-gi Jbras Itar

yces-na yan although she is as dear to meas the apple of my eye.

--mig-mdn(s)

chess-board, game at tables, mig-mdn rtse-

ba Dzl. to play at chess, mig-man-t*is-su

bris-pa Glr. chequered, painted or in-laid

work after the pattern of a chess-board.- mig-med eyeless, blind. mig-dmdr

1. red eye, as a symptom of disease Lt.

2. the planet Mars. - -mig-smdn eye-me-

dicine. mig-rtsa 1. prob. Yena facialis

externa Med. 2. the blood-vessels of the

sclerotica, mig-rtsa Jcrugs-pa the blood-

vessels irritated, reddened Med. *mig-

sdl* W. sharp-sightedness, *mig - sal - Kan*

sharp-sighted, *mig-sal-nydm* the contrary.

mig-rtseg the wrinkles of the eye-lid Cs.

-mig- fsil, 1. fat in the eye Mil. 2. the

white in the eye 6Y

s. *mig-fsig(-ceyt' W.

inflammation ofthe eye, *Kd-mig-fsig* caused

by snow, *ditd-mig-fsig* caused by smoke.

-mig-zi mist before the eyes Sch. mig-

zur corner of the eye Sch. mig-yzugs

S.g. optical perception, a picture of objects

being formed on the retina by reflected raysof light (merely guessed by Tibetan science,

notascertained by observation and research).

*mig-ydn(s)* C., W. liberal, bountiful.

mig-y&r, 1. Sch. = mig-rtul. 2. = mig-sgyu

Thgr. mig-rig-rig Mil. timidly, anxiously

looking to and fro, hither and thither. -

mig-rin-can = mig-rgydn-can Cs. mig-ris

artificial eye-brows 6s. mia-rus eye-boneCs. mig-slobs the act of accustoming the

eyes to . .., mig-slobs nan-pa skye Mil. you

habituate yourself to a faulty look, i.e.

it has struck my eyes, I should like to haveit C., 'Y.; -mig log ltd-.:e" to eye one ob·liqnely, with envy or jealousy W. -

Compo mig-kydg squinting Sen. - mig.rkyhi Mil., is said 10 be tbe same as mig.l~. - -mig-J.:y/Ir- W eye-ball. - mig­skyd[l the impurities in the eyes U. - mig­IHui eye-hole, socket &n. - mig-J.'rIJ.l Mil.v. mig-¢prul. - mig - f/rogs one's sweet­heart as. - mig -c!lram edge of the eye&h. - mif/-rgyait 1. \'. "f/llon-ma. 2. far­sightedness, miy-rgyd'i-oo.n one that is fnr­sighted, mig r!lya,i-fuli short-sighted BlIar.mi!Nflgu miNlge, looming, Fats Morganll,W3-kai fdn-la m(g-sgyu ~b4.li:in Tlrgr.like the mirage on. a plaiD in the hot season.- mtg--3gyur-ma _ mlld-¢gro-ma Mil. ­ftfi1J-i:a!i, l. h!\Ving eyes. 2. having seeds orgmins, fructified, of ears of corn W. ­mig·Ur v. Ce-re. - mift-lCib3 eye-lid Med.- mig-lu 1. tears lV. 2. hydrophthalmiaAled. 3. mif/·Cu dzdg-pa blear-eyes Senr.- mig-brnyas ¢/{!I~r.ba Mil. c. dllt., to slight,to treat contemptuously. - mig-rti<l dim,dull eyes &h. - mig-lta (resp. Zdl.lta,Zdl-ta)b~pa to inspect, superintend (-mig­ta-lian- overseer of workmen); to keep, togoard; to care for, to minister, to serve.- mig-lidg &h. _ mig-dydg{P) - mig­ltd3 I. eye-sight, look, mien W. 2. C. lV.learning by observation and close ocularattention, -gdr-za-Pt- hin-dui mig-f03 flur,or IEyon, or lob dug-'¥' the people of Lahoulcopy the Hindoos; -mig-tOs ndn-pa fur, orlob so,i- lV. he has imitated what is notgood. - -mig-ttHa pfm.pa, or n!f-pa- C.to derive Ilrofit or harm from observing lindimitnting otbel'lj{?) ·mif/-!.Q.-la Pfm-M 'tim­deterring punishment. - *mif/-fdg t<hi-wa­a kind of torlure in C., little hooks, con­nected by strings, being fastened in thelower eye-lids as well as in the chest, bywhich means the former are constantlydrawn down and prevented from closing.- mig-fit1i short-sightedness Cs., mig-fuil­can short-sighted. - -mig-1a- sn9w-spee­tacles, shades formed of a texture of horse­hair. - ·mig-ddl" C. = rn!Jid.-rtldl. r.- mig-

~. mig

lddn _ 1'11(9·00.11 po. needle. - mig - 'lad,disease of the eye. - mig-po - 1'110 W.,mig-JXr'& a large eye Cs. - -mig-pdg- C.,w: eye-lid. - mig-sprin 'a white spot inthe eye' SeA.; ace. to Lt. it seems to bethe white of the eve, sclerotica, in C. thecataract is called s~. - mig..por u. _ mig..eu/i. - mig-¢ltl'lil Mil. optical deception,mig-¢frul-'l1lJfan a showman IA. - mig.bw'Augenkllip(le' Sell. (?) - mi!hbUr goggle_eyes. - mig-ir~ apple of the e)'e, eye­ball, -migoo(,ldA M-J-ce, or miy-kDr ldg-ti' W.to roll the eyes; M"g-gi 1fIig-gj ¢bras ltaryu..-na yan although she is as dear to meas Ihe apple of my eye. - mig-mdli{')chess-board, gallle at tables, lln9-'11ldil rtU­6a Dzl. to pIa)' at cbess, mig-mali-riNUb,.is-pa GIl". chequered, p.'\inted or in·laidwork after the pattern of a chess- board.- mig-m,Jd ere1ess, blind. - mig.dmdr1. red eye, as a symptom of disease Lt.2. the pllUlet Mars. - mig-smdn eye-me­dicine. - m(g-rt3a 1. prob. Vena facialisexterna -Afm. 2. the blood- \'essels of thesclerotica, mif/.r~a ¢Ilrltgs - pa the blood­vessels irritated, reddened Moo. - -mig.sdr lY. sharp-sightedness, -mig. sal- fu1l­sharp-sighted, -mig-,al-nydm- thecontral)".- mig.riMg the wrinkles of the eye-lid Cs.- mig - hil, I. fat in the eye Mil. 2. thewhite in the eye as. - -mig-fsig{-h)- W:inflammation oftheeye, •Jid-mig-fsig- causedby snow, -dUd-mig-f'ig- caused by smoke.- mig-:::; mist before the eyes Sen. - mig­zUl' corner of the eye &h. - m;g-rzUgsS.g. optical perception, a picture of objectsbeing formed on the retina by reflected raysof light (merely guessed by Tibetan science,notascertained by observation and research).-mig-yd>i{s? C., lV. liberal, bountiful. ­m;f/-yor, 1. &h. _ mif/.riUl. 2. _ mig-'gyUThgl'. - mig-,iy-rig Mil. timidly, lUl:I.iouslylooking to and fro, hither fWd thither. ­mig-fin-can _ mig-rfl!ldli-can GJ. =mig-riaartificial eye-brows Ca. - mig--ria eye-boneCa. - mig-s~ the act of accustoming theeyes to •••, mig-slOb3 rid1l-pa sk!Jt Mil. youlwbituate yourself to a faulty look, i.e.. ,

in i n

415

in a

downward, to \\liai i> earthly.-

*miy-*6y*

W. eye-lash. mig-ser 1. jaundice, also

*gya-ndg mig - ser* W. 2. envy, jealousy,

mig-ser-tan envious, jealous. mig-hu-r,

v. hu-r, .

min, resp. mtsan, name, kyotl-kyi min

bi yin Mil. or *ti zer* W. what is yourname? dei min yan med Glr. such a tiling

is or was not known at all, such a thing

does not exist; min-tsam-gyi dge-sloh Dzl.

priest only byname; W. : *min-i/i nuii-na*

id.; C. also: *tdl-ayi min tsdm-le me* this

tax exists only nominally; appellation, de-

signation, word, fen-pai min a word for

drawing (pulling) Gram.', min -gi mdzod

dictionary; *fyod- su min dan* or *su min-

iii ndii -no* or *su min nen-te* or *su min-

la ten-te ca dug* W. in whose name or

business, upon whose order are you going?*cii min daii* W. for what cause, in behalf

of what affair? min-nas rj6d-pa, or smo-

ba Dzl. and elsewh., to call by name, also

to call upon the name of, hence . . . kyi

min-nas br)6d-de in the name of; min Od6gs-

pa to name v. min 2; dt'ids-min v. dnos;

btdgs-min a name given (e.g. a Christian

name) Cs., rjes-grub-kyi min a surname 6s.,

rus-min a family name Cs.

Com p. min-rkydn a single syllable or

name Cs., cf. min-sbydr. min-groys one's

name-sake Cs. min-sgrd a mere name,

word, or sound (philosophical term.) Was.- min -nan a bad name, infamy Cs. -

min-can having a name, dpal- by6r miii-

can one of the name of Paljor. min-fon

v. Ofdn-pa.- - min-mtd final letter Cs. -

min-sbydr compound name. min- medI. nameless. 2. the fourth finger. min-

tsig word, appellation. miii-yzi the first

letter of the root of a word, in contra-

distinction to the second, the third, and

the prefix-letters, miit-yzi rkydii-pa a single

initial, e. g. 'Tj, including H], ^], JJ,Zam.\

}'nyi8-sbrel,ysum-sbrel&doume, triple, letter,

likeJfj, J, Cs. (?) min-bzdn good repu-

tation Cs

mifl - P brother in relation to his

sister, min-srin brother and sister;

<li' mi dan min-srin-du byao Dzl. her and

myself I shall make to be sister and brother,

i.e. I shall raise her to be my sister.

'

mid a large fish Cls.-, mid-mid id.

mid-pa 1. sbst. gullet, oesophagus Mil.

and elsewh.; mid-^n'm a tumour of

it, incident to horses Sch. 2. vb. to

swallow, to gulp down, frq.

|Vr- min, W. *man*, 1. for ma yin (he,'

she, it) is not, sa-min-fsil-min Mil.

they are neither 'llesh nor fat'. 2. abbrev.

for min-pa and min -par v. below; btan-

min for *btan yin-nam ma yin* W. will it

be given or not? min-pa and ma yin-pa

to be not; often as a participle supplying

the place of a prep, or adv. (for min-par),

excepted, except, besides, de ma yin-pai sin

Stg. the other trees except this one; klu

ma yin-pa yzan mi tub Dzl. except he that

is a Lu cannot . . .; sam-rgyds min-pa stts

/cyan mi ses Mil. besides Buddha no one

knows of it, no one knows it except Bud-

dha; rias yug ycig min-pa mi bsdad Mil I

have been sitting down only this moment;

ro zer-ba min-pa skyab-pai miii mi yo/i-ba

Odug Mil. one can only say 'corpse', and

the appellation 'skyab-pa is not admissible;

de min besides, otherwise, else, apart from,

setting aside Mil.;even : de-min-mams Glr.

those that are not doing so. Cf. man.

'

min-da v. mi-mda, sub micompounds.

r mini, the Hind, mem, Madam, mim sd-

heb the mistress or lady of the house.

rrr* mi >' terrain., rjxr m*s instrum. case

of mi.

XT mu 1. num. fig.: 76. 2. sbst. border,

5

boundary, limit, edge, end, ~i' - mu - l<i

ynds-pai lha deity residing on the land-

mark; vn'i-la skye (the plant) grows on the

edges of fields Wdn.\ mfa mul-cin mtt med

Stg. there is neither limit nor end; mu bzi

= mfa bzi Mil , S.g. seems to be used in

a philosophical sense for 'perfect limited-

ness'; mu-fyud circumference, compass, the

hoops of a cask Sch., the rim of a wheel

Stg. ; mu-Kyud- dzin n.p., the least of the

downward, to \\hu.~ is earthly. - "1110";61./W. eye-hush. - ItlifJ-lir I. jllolmdice, Also

"!lya.ndfJ 7110. 8/:r- HZ 2. envy, jCftlousy,1Paig-llfr-~an envious, jeAlous. - "Il'g.hu-r~

v. 'm~rt.

~. lIIin, resp. 1Ilt'an, name, !'y&J.-J.-yi minCi'lill Mil. or • i:i zd' W. what is your

name? tki mi,; !PU; 111M ab', sucli " tilingis or WIiS not known at all, such a thingdO<'s nol exist; miil.uo.m-gyi d!JNUhi D:l.priest only by DtullC; lV.: "mi';-!J1' ndli-na"id.; C. also: ·,dl-gyi mi,; udm-lr 1111" thistax uists only nominally; appellation, de­signation, word. fin - pm min " ""ord fordrawing (IJUlling) Gram.; mi,; - gi lIld:«idictionary; .J.'yod - .!I nui' dell;" or ·'~l 111M­Iii naH-na" or ·'Ll min nin-ti' or ·sy milj­la ten - M co. dug· W. in who:.e nawe orbusiness, upon whose order arc you going?"Cii min dali· W. for what cause, in behalfof whal .lffair? mi,j-l1lUfjlkl-pa, or ,mo­ba D:l. and elsewh., to call by name, nlsoto cnll upon the !lllme of, hcnce ... h.imi,j_na.s In'jtk.l-de in the namc of; mi,' .dOg!­pa to nlllllC v. mili 2; a,ida-mi,j v. d.i04libtaq._miil a nnffiC givcu (e.g. a Chri:.tiaDnnme) 0., ,'ja-g.-ub-kyi min II surnalDe w.,-m.-mi,j a family name C•.

Compo nll'ti-rleyali a ..ingle s)'lIabie ornllme (.I., cf. miri·VJ!Jd,'. - milj.!I''Ofp one'sDlIme-sake C~. - mi,j~!I"a a mcre name,word, or sound (philosophical tenn.) WM.- mi,; - ridn R bad nllliC, infllmy C,. ­1Iliri-fan having a name, dpal~oby'Jr mili­('ml one of the name of Pilljor. - mi,i-fonV. "f{m-pa. - miN-mfd final lettcr C•. ­mili -.bgdr compound DalDe. - mifi- midI. nameless. 2. the fourth finger. - mi,i­fn9 word, appellation. - miti-rH the firstletter of the roOl of a word, in coDtrlt­WitinetioD to tbe second, the third, andthe Ilrelh-Ietter$, lIIi,i-rZl rJ.ydJi-pa a ~iogle

ioitill1, e. g. 1, iocludillg ~,' '!l.:;I, ZO'IJI.;J'lIyU-Jllil, r",ulIl-.thrlilldoubTe, trilll ..., lelter,like Ifj. ~, ('8.(?) - mi,i-bzuli p;ood rellU­latiOD (8

~t:;.'f 1Ili,i -po brother in relation to hissister, miri~rlri brothq artd &i~t;

IU Ila dmi mili-.I"iN-du byoo Dzl. her andmyulf I shall ffill.ke to be siSler aDd brother,i.e. I 8h",11 raise her to be my .isler.

~=,. mid a large fish u.; mid-111M ill.

~-"r l/Ii1l-pa 1. sbst. gullet, oesophagus Mil.I and clsewh.; fIIid-,J:rdn a tumour of

it, incident to horses $cll. - 2. vb. toswallow, to.gulp down, frq,~~. min, W. ·~tI(/no, I. for ma!Ji1i (he,

11116, it) is not, ia_mil'l_(8il_min Mil.they n.re neither 'licsh nor fat'. - 2. aburev.for mill-pa and 1Ilill-par v. below; bUlIi­t"in for OMan yin-nam '/1111 !lino lY. will itbe given or DOt? min -pl1 and ma yi~},-pa

to be not; often as n. participle supplyingtho place of il prep. or ndv. (for ?l1I'n-par),excepted, except, besides, de ma yinopai iiiiStg. the other tree<l except this ODe; kiu7Ila yin-pa tz.an mi fub Dzl. except he thatis n Lu cannot ... ; .aJi.-t"!!!JIU min-pa.u.t!ryan. 111i jell Mil. besides Buddba no ODeknows of it., no one knows it c:a:cept Bad­dha; ,ilU yug j'hfJ min-pa mi b&dad J{il IIUl.Ve been sitting down only this Dlowent;1'0 z6··ba min-I'" Yr!Jab-p<Ji mi,j mi yon-ba"dug Mil. one can only say <corpse" nDdthe allpellation ''*!Jab-pa' is not ndmissible;de mill besides, otherwise, else, apart from,seHing aside Mil.; even: dl-mill-,71al/l$ Gir.those that lire not doing so. Cf. man.

~.~, min-dG\".lIli_I/wa,submicompouods.

~~. milll, the Hind. 'lilt!", Madam, 1/Iim 3d./,/h the mi~tf'C$s or In.dy of the hou~e.

~.::: mil' termill., &I~ 7/11; i.ostrum. elise

of tm.~ til" 1. num. fig.: 76. - 2. $b:.t. border,

boundary, limit, edge, end, :;i.-tmt-l./:J·'la.-pai lila dl,ity residing on the lllnd­mark; 7Illl·{a rJ:ye (the plant) gro'll's on theedges of fields WdJi.; 7Ilfa mid-tiii IIII/: "ltdStg. there is lleither linlit nor end; "'IU bii_ 1IIfa bz/:' Mil, S.g. seems to be u<ed inII philosophical seo:>c for 'perfect limik'd­ness'; JIIu-{y;.d cirtumference, compass, thehoops of a cask &h., tile rim of a "II,heelSip;,; fH(I.~"d..--in n.p., the least of the

416

mu-ge mur-ba

seven mountains surrounding the Sumeru.

mu-stegs-pa, also mu-stegs-can Ssk. <ftf^fi

(overlooking the word stegs) it is gen. ex-

plained in an intellectual sense, so by Cun-

ningham : adherents of the doctrine of finite

existence (Bhilsa Topes), Cs. : the doctrine

of perpetual duration or of perpetual an-

nihilation (?); but should not rather mu-

stegs be the same as Jbdb-stegs (v. Jbdb-pa\

being a literal translation of <f^[, and there-

fore prop, a Brahmanic ascetic (v. Ssk.

diet.), in Buddhist literature always equi-

valent to Brahmanist, Non-Buddhist, heretic

(infidel)? 3 Sch has besides: mu-la in

a circle, continuously; mu-lfar or mu-nas

=bzin-duC.', in W they say: *mu cig-la

bor* throw it together on a heap!

mu-ge 1. W. desire, appetite, *zan za-

ce* or *can tun-ce'i mu-ge Tag* I have

a longing for food, for beer; mu-ge-can fond

of dainties, lickerish, of men and animals.

- 2. B. and col., famine, mu-ge Jbyun DzL,Mil. a famine is caused, breaks out.

r3r' win -cor nonsense, smrd-baStg. to

talk nonsense.

^T'ccn* mu-tig pearl frq., mu-tig-rgyan a"

' '

pearl ornament Cs; mu-tig-cun-po,

mu-tig-drd-baGlr. garland formed of pearls;

mu-tig-preh string of pearls.

Sj"SffcTmu-fi-la mother of pearl Sch. (?).

,.|mu-niSsk. saint, ascetic, anchorite,

'

chiefly in names: Sd-kya-mu-ni the

saint of the Sakyas, Buddha.

5TdT^ mu-ni-ti Sch. = mu-tig (?).

^v^rr-mu-men Glr., Mil. a precious stone, of

^ a dark blue, yet inferior to the azure-

stone, occasi onally used for rosaries;in ention

is also made of mu-men dmdr-po Wdn.

mu-rtsod(?) colt's foot, Tussilago

farfaraZA

mu-zi brimstone, sulphur Med., mu-zi-

can containing sulphur, sulphurous;mu-zii skyur-rtsi (snum Schr.) sulphuric

acid Cs. (?).

T mu-rdn hoop, of casks etc. Sch.

mii-laSsk., root; particular roots, such

as those of Arum campanulatum, so

perh. Lt.

mug-ge sometimes for mu-ge.

mug-pa, 1. sbst. moth, worm, mug-ma id. Glr., also mun-ma\ gos-mug

clothes-moth, bdl-mug id., Icdgs-mug avrorm

that eats iron away(?) 6s.; mug-zan moth-

eaten, destroyed by worms Cs. - - 2. vb.

with yid-, yi-, resp. tugs-, to despair Pth.;

blomug-po a gloomy, doleful way of thinkingSch.

mun-pa 1. sbst, obscurity, darkness,

frq. mun-pai smag-rum id., frq.;

mun-pa-nas mun-par groDzl. they wander

in eternal darkness; mun-pa sel-ba to lighten

the darkness; frq. fig. with and without

bloi. --2. adj. obscure, dark. 3. vb. in

W., mun son he has become insensible. -

Comp. mun-Jcaii dark room, e.g. the sanctuary

containing the images of the gods Glr.;

prison Cs. mun-Kun Dzl. prison, dungeon.

*mun-ti(f* Lh., mun-KrodDzl., *mun-

ndg* W., ., mun-brdg Sch. and Lh. (?) close

darkness. *mun-dul, or mun-nyug tdii-

ce* W. to grope in the dark. - -

*mun-cu,num-cu* W. the dusk of evening, *mun

(-cu) rub* sets in. -*mun-(s)pe-i'a tdn-

ce* W. to talk confusedly, wildly. mun-

sprul Tar. 56,17, to judge by the context:

ignorance, stupidity; so Schf. mun-sribs

Lex. the darkness of night.- - mun-sro

furious passion, *mun-sro yon dug* W. he

rages in his passion.- *mun-sros mun-

cu* W.

5^" mum (Hind.) W. wax.

p^ mur 1. termin. of mu, hence mur-fugto the extremity, till the end of Cs.; perh.

also mur-dum(or -zlum?)Ld. dull, of knives,

hatchets; mur- dug = mu-stegs-pa Sch. -

2. gills of fish.

' mur ~ 9on *ne temples Sch.; mur-

Ogrdm id. Cs; jaw, jaw-bone Sch.

- mur-for ulcers in the mouth Sch.

mur-ba 1. to gnaw, to destroy by

gnawing, to bite asunder, e. g. bones

Thgr.-- 2. to masticate, to chew(?).

.16

sc\'cn mountains surrouodioR the Sumero.mil-,trIP-pa, also 1tl1l~Ugs-Can Sd'. 'l'ftf1i.(o\'erlooking ~he word .tl~) it is gen. n­plained in an jotelleclual sense, 80 uy Cun­ningham: adherents of tbe doctrine of finiteuistence (Bbilsa Topes), C4.: the doctrineof (.erpetual duration or of pcrpetulll an­oihi1a.tioo(?); bot should Dot rather mli­'Ugi be the l'ame as .6dh-3t¥ (\'. iuJb-pa),being .. literal translation of~, and tbere­fore prop. a Bral,manie a..'lcetic (T. SM.diet), in Buddhist literalurt ah....ys equi­nJcntto Bnlhmaoist, Non-Buddhist, heretic(infidel)? - 3 &11. bas bes.ide$: wti-la ina eirelt, continuousl)'; 1ft1l-ltar or mli-JiGI- b!:ilt-tN. C.; in W tbey @ay: -mill t:i!J./aoo? thl6W it together on " heap!

~ 1rI~ 1. W desire. appetite, -:(111 =-a- or -laJi (.,.-hi ",it.-ge rag" I ha,'e

a longing for food, for beer; "u,-ge-ea", (Onl]

of dainties, liclterish, of men and alIimllh.- t. B. and 001., famine, .",.-ge .bywi Dd.,Mil. a famine is e-used, brealt onl.

~~. "'IH~dr nonlense, vnra· bG &g. totalk DOn!H:nse.

~. mw.tifJ ptarl frq., IN".tig.rgya1t ll.

Ifl!llrl oroament C. ; milt· tly.om",po,mll.-h:q.dra~Glr. gt\rlnod formed of 1lt<lrlS;mu-tl~~ri sIring of pearls.~ .fIifQf mu-fi-la mother of pearl &h.(?).

~~. mu·ni &J." saint, ascetic, anchorite,chicny in names: Sa.l.ya.jJllt-ni lhe

saint of the SiikplS, Buddha.

1!f~1 "11J..o.n!··ti &h. .... mu-t,g(?).

I!f~,r mu--mhl Glr.,Mil.a prlXlious ~tone,of-I a dark bille, yet inferior to the Mure·

stone,occnsionll.lly used for rosaries; mentionis also made of mu--mm dmar--po Wdn.

!fIr~' 11111. - rudd(?) colt'. loot, Tossilagofll.rfllJ'a Lh.

ij'~. lIlU'Z': brimstone, lulphur Med., mu-zi-Can containing ~lI'phlir. ~ulphllrous;

mv-zii u:yu.,..rt,i ('''11.111 &hr.) sulphuricacid (.•. (?).

fI~' mlt'''an hoop, of casks etc. &h.

ffl:.!· mil-la&k., rool; parlicullU' roots, sllchas th08e of Arum campnnulatum, 1>0

IJerh. Lt.,~~ mv~ sometimes for 1nU..~.

~T:ffq milg-pa, I. sbst. moth, worm, 'mit!'.fua id. Glr., also mll,.·'l'la: fJd.-mutJ

dOlh('g-moLh, bal.mug id., Itfigl-mU{/a .....ormthat eats iron away(?) c..; "";g-zlIn DlOlh­eaten, deslroyed by "'orms lA. - t. vb.with yid•. yi-, resp. (11.9'-, to despair Pth.;biomitg-poagloomy, doleful way of l!linking&A.~,'f mu"·pa 1. sbst. obscurity, darknea,~ frq. - mn_pai nnag-ritM id. frq.;JJuin-pa-«aI mil1l-par .groD:l. the)' waDduin eteroaldarkne5S; mit",.pa til-lxr. to lightentbe darkness; frq. fig. with aDd lI;tbout~'. - 2. adj. obscure, dark. - 3. ,·b. iniV., Ift"n SOH he ha.s beeome insensible. ­Comp. m.n-Ean dnrk room,e.g.lbe~ctuary

containing the images of the gods Gir.;prison c..- ,".,.-,&,,; Dzl. prison, dungeon.- ·mlln..f,g'" Lh., f","I-trdd D=l., ·'11111""naff W, C., mun-brcig &1,. and U. (1) c10lJedarkness, - ·mlln-4l1J, or "'1l"""9';9 tDN·Ctf W to (!rope in tbe dark. - ·mli".bi,,.lim - Cu· If. lbe dusk of evening, ·,"ltn(-lit) ",.b'" !ets in.. - ·mlt,,{,)pt'-f"" tM·U- n~ 10 talk confusedly, wildl)·. - 11111.n·.pritl Tar. 56,17, to judge by the cont('xt:ignomnc~, stupidity; so &!lj. - mll.lI ....ri/MDu. the darkness of night, - mltn.'rofurious passion, ·mtin-4r1l yon dug'" W herages in his passion. - ·mlln....rtIa: _ mu.,,·Cu· W.

~o-r mum (Hind.) W: wax.~~. 'Illtr L termin. of l1l11, hence 'nlllr.(lIg

to the extremity, till the end 01 Ca. j perh.also mur-dlilll(or ,;;{u7Jl')Ld. dUll, ofkni"eil,hatchets; mur·odUfJ ... mu.-,tegs-pa Seh.. ­2. gills of fish.~~EtF· 11111.(' - gon the temples &11.; lllltl'­

o9rdm id. C. ; jaw, jaw-bone &11.- 1II11.1'-(6r ulcers in the mouth &h.18.z:..·.::r mlir-bG 1. to gnaw, to destroy by

gllawing, to bite asunder, e. g. bonesTllfJr. - 2. to muticate, to chew(?).

mul-fuy

V 417

W. fist, *mul-tug c6-be,

to threaten with the fist,

*gydb-ce* to strike with the fist.

v me I. num. fig.: 106. II. sbst. 1. resp.

:n;i*C., *ndii-fne* Hr

., fire, me Obar the

liic burns, .so/' breaks out, meed spreads, &i

is extinguished; *me son-na* W. is the fire

burning (again)? kdn-pa mes (vulgo *me-

/*) bsreys. .so/1

, K'yer the house is burnt

down, *dugs soti* W. ignited ,burnt (par-

tially); me sb6r-ba, Obud-pa, ytdn-ba B.,

*(s)bdi'-ce, pu-ce, dug-ce* W. to light a fire,

yso-ba, *son-te co-ce* W. to stir, poke, trim

the fire, *nydl-ce* W. to cover the glowingembers with ashes, in order to preserve the

heat; rgydb-pa 1. to set on fire, ftyim-la a

house Glr. '2. to strike fire W., me Ide-baB.

and col., to warm one's self at the fire.

2. symb. num.: 3.

Comp. me-skdm cock (of a gun), *me-

kdmjar fsar* W. the gun is cocked. me-

skyogs C. a shovel for live coals. me-

sgyogs, gyogs = sgyogs 2. - -me-mgdl fire-

brand, me-mgdl-gyi K6r-lo the circle made

by a firebrand, when quickly swung round

Cs. - *me-(1(>n* torch C. -- me-can fiery,

containing fire. me-ttdgs fire-steel, pocket-fire. me-lce flame of fire. me-cd fire-

steel (?) Sch.,*me - 2e* C. every thing re-

quisite for kindling a fire, as it is got in

readiness for the following morning. me-

mnyam-rlun v. rlun. *me-tdg* C. 1 . (rtags)

a mark of burning. 2. (Itag or stag) spark,

sparklet, a bit of live coal in the ashes.

me-fdb fire-place, hearth; stove. me-ddh

Dzl. fire-pit, pool of fire. -- me-drod v.

drod. -*me-dd*C\, musket, pistol; *me-

da pag-cen* canon Schr.; *me-dd gydb-pa*to discharge a gun; *me-da-sin* resinous

wood, the coal of which is particularly used

for making gun-powder. *me-ddg* (mdatf)

C. coals glowing underneath the ashes.

me-rdel bullet, musket-ball Sch. me-rdo

flint 6. me-niir Sch. = me-mddg. me-

snod, or -por coal-pan, chafing-dish, per-

fuming-pan.--

me-pu/'i, me-bum cupping-

glass, cup Lt. me-ba Dzl. = me. me-

bo = me a large fire, mi-bo ce Dzl. me-

(Ibdl a <liM'a-- M< /. : it is said to be a cu-

taneous eruption, hot and smarting, perb.

erysipelas?- - me-mur = me-mddg Dzl.\

me-ma-mur Thgy. id.? -- me-bt*d v. bta.*i

me-fy.d<f spark W. - *me-dze* gun-

powder C. --me-yzi anvil Sch. me-yz6b

mark of singeing, of having caught fin-.

- *me-zi* W. =>me-ltdg. me-^dbs = me-

ddh Sch. me-ri fire-mountain, introduced

by us for volcano. me-ris a figure re-

sembling a flame Sch. me-rd an extin-

guished fire, fig. bstdn-pai me-rd Ian Glr.

the extinct doctrine revives again.- *me-

lin* W. flame. me-len fire-tongs. me-

sel burning-glass. me-lhd the god of fire,

v. Schl. 251 sqq. III. v. also me-tog.

me-nydg v. mi-nydg.

*-tog, W. *men-tog*, 1. flower, me-

tog Jbar, Ka Obus the flower opens,

begins to bloom, me-tog-gi pren-ba chaplet,

wreath of flowers. 2. W. tuft or crest on

the head of some birds. 3. W. snow-flake.

m^0t'

1 1- mirror, looking-glass, frq.;

Ids-kyi me-lon a magic mirror, re-

vealing the future Glr.;also fig., esp. in

titles of books, e.g. rgyal-rdbs-kyi ysdl-bai

me-lon A bright Mirror of the History of

Kings. 2. plain surface, flat body extendingin length and breadth, e.g. the flatness of

the shoulder-blade, table-top, door-pannels

etc., hence sgo me-lon-can Glr. an opening

provided with a frame of boards to close

it, not merely an 'ostium', of which de-

scription most of the inner doors in Tibetan

houses are.

mea^o the mewing of a cat

l' med-pa for mi yod-pa to be not to

exist not (v. ydd-pd), med he is not

here, he is gone etc.;*Ka-cul-du son-te med*

W. he is off, having gone to Kashmere;*o<7-

mag a-pe Kyfr-te med* W. the tinder-box

is not here, father has taken it with him;

*&i-te med* W. he is dead and gone; skabs

med Dzl. there is, or there was, no oppor-

tunity ; cos-kyi min team yan med Glr. re-

ligious law does not, or did not, exist at

all; med kyaii even if nothing is ex-tan t,

27

~...ffl tllld-f/ig W. fist, -mul-flig co-ce,...., fJelm-t? to lhrcnten with the fist,

-yydb-U' to strike with the fist.~. ttle J. uum. fig.: 106. -II. sbst. 1. resp.

:"y. C., -nel,i-mi" 11'., fire, me "bar thelire bums, ~or lll'enks out, mud sllrcnds, 3iis extinguisbe<l; -me Jdn-na" W: is the lireburning (again)? /(dil-pa. till' (vulgo -tni­10.-) b'I"t[js. iOl", ~~ the house is burntduwn, -dll~ $0';- IV. ignited, burnt (par­tially); '/lIe .bOr-ba, "lJ(ul-pa, rtdit-ba IJ.,-(s)bd,~e, Jiu-Ct, dUfJ-ce- W. to light:to fire,}'Id-ba, -s6n-te M·ce- W. to stir, poke, trimthe fire, -lIydl-ie- lV. to cover the glowingembers with ashes, in order to preserve thehent; r!flJdb-pa I. to set on fire, !:yirn-la ahouse GIl'. 2. to strike flte Jv., lIU ldt.-ba n.and col., to warm one's self at the fire. ­'i.8ymb. num.: 3.-

Compo mt4kd1li cock (of n gun), -17*kd1l1 jar (Sal" W: the gun is cocked. - me-­sI..ydgs C. II. shovel for live coals. - mt­

Sf1yQg" [!!JOfJ' - Sf1!JO!1.2. - 11IMIlfJdl fire·brand, 11IMIlfJul-gyi ~'6r-1o the circle madeby n. firebrand, when quickly swung roundQ. - -tIIe-4I.m! torch C. - mi-tan fiery,conlainingfire. - me--Udg.fire-steel, pocket­fire. - lIit-Ue flame of fire. - tnt-cd fire­steel (?) Sell., -me - 'Cj- C. every thing re­quisite for kindling 1\ fire, as it is got inrel\diness for the following morning. - me.11lnyallHili,i V. ,·ltl,j.- -me-tdffC. l.(rtags)II mark of burning. 2. (/tag or stag) spark,sparkle~ 1\ bit of live ooal in the ashes. ­IIlt-fdb fire-place, hearth; stove. - me·ddliD:l. fire-pit, 1'001 of fire. - nu-drod v.dl'Od. - -mN1d" C., musket, Ilistol; -me­da pay-c;".- ('anon &Ar.; -'Ile-dd gydb-pa­10 discharge n gun; -lIit-da.Ji,'· resinouswood, the coal of which is particularly usedfOf mnking gun-powder.--17*ddff (mday)C. coals glowing undemellth Ihe \\Shes. ­1I1t-1'CMl bullet, musket-lInll &11. - me-rddflint U. - fllt-nl;/' &A. - me.mddg. - me­mOd, or ·l'1Or conl-plln, chaling-dish, per­fUllling-pan. - me-pliri, me-bUm cupping­glMs, cup Lt. - mt.-ba Dzl. _ me. - mi_

bo - 'Ill! II. large fire, me-bo " D::l. - me-

dbdl" disease ;\led.; it is said to be a cu­l.nneoull eruption, hot and smarting, peril.erysipelas? - me-ml,r _ 1Jle-mddf/ Dzl.;'1It-1IIa-mur TI.gy. id.? - me-btsd Y. btsa.- -flle - (adr! spark IV. - -me-dzl)-- gun­powder (,~ - me-rH amil Sell. - flit-rldbmark. of singeing, of Imving caught fire.- ·lIle-z(! JV. - me-ltdg. - mt'-~dbt _ me­

ddli &1•. - mM; fire-mounta.in, introducedby us for volcano. - ,ne· ris I figure re­sembling a name &1,. - me-rd In utin­guislled fire, fig. bstun-pai me-r6 loti Glr.the utinct doctrine revives again. - -.It_U,;- 1V. flame. - me-Un fire-tongs. - me­Uilluming-glas$. - me-llid the god of fire,v. &M. 251 sqq. - lIT. V. also ml-t.>g.

j:r~mt'-1lYQg v. mi-n.'1D.g.

~;trl. mi-tog, lV. -men-tog-, J. flower, ml/:tog "bal', fla "Om the flo~'er opens,

begins to bloom, rM-tog"fli p'rbi-ba chaplet,wreath of flowers. - 2. W: tuft or crest onthe head of some birds. - 3. lV. snow-flake.~i;iC' ml-lo" J. mirror, looking.glass, frq.;

Idf-kyi ml-/ol; n magic mim)r, re­"enling the future Glr.; i\lso Jig., esp. intitJes of books. e.g. 1'fI'Jtll·rdb•.J.yi rsdl-lxlime-loli A bright Mirror of the History ofKings. 2. plain surface, flat body extendingin length I\1ld breadth, e.g. the flAtness ofthe shoulder-blAde, taMe-top, door-pflnnelsetc., hence sgo mt-lo,j-ean Glr. IU1 openingllrovided with l\ frame of boards to closeit, not merelYI'll 'ostium', of which de­scription most of the inner doors in Tibetanhouses Are.

~t:l(.(' mea~Q the mewing of a cal

~~..q. mid-pa for mi yM-pa to be not, toedst not (v. yOd-pa), 'lied he is not

here, he is gOlle etc.; -J.'a-Hil-du .u;,-te "ltd·W. he is off, having gone to Kashmere; -cog­

1110.9 a-Pf. flyb-- tt 1I11d" lV. the tinder-boxis not here, father has taken it .,.itb him;-Jf-te nit({- 11'. he is deftd ftnd gone; sA:abfmed D::l. there is, or there was, no oppor­tunity; 'los-Iryi 1IIi,; t.am yait med Glr. re­liA:ious law dOCll not, or did not, exist .tlUI; med J:y(U; el'en if nothing i;; ulan!,

'l... 27

418

"J" med-pa mes-po

though the thing does not exist in reality ;

*ni med-na yah yon dug* the ln may be

dispensed with, though 'm' be omitted, it

will be all right; rgyd-la med-pai yi-ge

drug Glr. six letters not existing in Sanskrit;

med-kyan-ruh-bai yig- bru ycig a letter that

may also be wanting, a dispensable letter,

e.g. Q Glr.; med-kyafi dgos-pai Kral-bsdud

Mil a taxation necessary, and even if one

possesses nothing, yet as it were inexorable;

med-pa ( W. *med-Kan*} not being, not exist-

ing, not having; bld-ma-la bzugs-grogs med-

pa Idgs-sam Mil. has your Reverence no

fellow-resident in your house? fern, med-

ma Mil.;W. *md dud-pa-med-Kan* very or

quite smokeless; mi brndhs-pa skyug-tu

med-pa mid-du med-pa Dzl. a man about

to be choked, being neither able to spit

out, nor to swallow down; bdag (or bdag-

la) ban dbul-du med Dzl. we are not able

to give any thing; med-mi-ruh-gi bu-fsd

Mil. the sons and grandsons that are to

get something (as a heritage); Kyim der

med-du mi ytub-pa, or mi ruh-ba indis-

pensable in the house Thgy.; so also med-

fabs-med-pai blon-po Glr.', med-par ^yur-ba to be annihilated, to disappear, stdg-mo

'med-par gyur-to Pth. the tigress disap-

peared ; ynam dan sa yah med-gyur-na Dzl.

when heaven and earth shall pass away;*da ha ciah med-Kan son* W. now I am

quite undone; blon-po -rnams Ogran-sems-

med-par gyur-to Glr. the ministers lost their

litigiousness, gave up quarreling; zas brim-

du med-par gyur-to Dzl. the distribution

of the dishes became impossible; *pe-razer-ce med-Kan son* W. he became speech-

less; med-par byed-pa to annihilate, an

enemy Dzl., to put an end to, a quarrel Glr.;

frq. med-pa(f) may be rendered by 'with-

out' : rgydl-po zig med-na mi run, or fobs -

med Pth. we cannot do without a king;

mfa-rfen-med-pai mt'a a termination with-

out a final consonant Gram. ; rgyu med-parS. g. without cause

;or by

'

instead of :

rgydl-po med-par Glr. instead of the king,

shdr-gyi lus med-par Glr. instead of the

former shape ; nyin-mfsan-med-par making

no difference between day and night, po-mo-

med-par between male and female, rgan-byis-

med-par old and young; vulgo also nyin-med-mfsdn-med etc. med-po, W. *med-

Kan*, fern, med-mo, a poor man, pauper."

men Mil. an ornament, piece of finery.

mendi, Ssk. ^fcfts Lawsonia alba, a

plant used for staining the finger-nails

red Mil.

men-tsi a coloured silk handkerchief W.

* men-hri a kind of fur? men-hri dmdr-

poi slog-pa a fur-coat of red men-hri

is mentioned as the vesture of a Lha.'

mer termin. of me.

mer-ba Cs.: 'a quaking; thinness;

mer-po, mer -mer thin, as liquids';

Sch. : 'mer-gyis gah full to the brim'. I met

with I. mer in zig-mer q.v. 2. mer-ba

as adj. for mfso the lake Mil. 3. ter-mer* W. adj. like a thin pap, and sbst. a

muddy substance, e.g. street-mire; *mer-mer

co-ce* to make a mire. 4. mer-mer-ba

adj in connection with such sbst. as light,

ray, beam, brightness Tligr., Mil. 5. mer-

mer-po used in medical writings in a similar

manner as nur-nur-po, to define the shapeof an embryo, oblong, oval; these descrip-

tions, however, though partly founded on

observation, are frequently very arbitrary,

vague, and even contradictory. In W, the

word has only the signification 3; a Lamafrom C. rendered it with 'full', which would

agree with Sch. and no. 1, as well as with

'glittering, quivering', having some relation

to no. 2 and no. 4.

or ? mel-fse or -tse 1 . watch, watch-

man, sentinel; watcher, spy, mel-

fse byed-pa to watch, to keep watch Dzl.;

)d-ra-mel-fse= *mel-fse* W. -- 2. steatite

or soap-stone, of a greenish colour.

mes-po, vulgo *me-me*, grandfather ;

also forefather, ancestor, progenitor,

sans-rgyds fams-cdd-kyi spyi-mes kun-tu-

bzdh-po Thgr. Kuntuzaiipo, the common

progenitor of all the Buddhas; mes ryydl-

po Glr. merely equivalent to 'the old king' ;

though the thing does not exist in reality;·ni mld-na yafi yon dug· the 'nt lIlAy bedispensed with, though <.ne be omitted, itwiU be all right; rgyd·la mld-pai yl-gtdrugGlr. six letters not existing in Sanskrit;mJd-kyan-rwi-bai yfg-in'u reig a letter thatmay also be wanting, a dispensable letter,e.g. 'tj Glr.; 1JIM-*!jali dgth-pai f&al-b8dildJIJiJ.. II taxation necessary, and even if onepossesses nothing, yet as it were inCltorable;111M-pa (lV. '"med-fun") not being, not exist­ing, not having; bld-1na-[a bZligs.grogs mM­pa IdgHam J1HI. has your Hc\'erence nofellow-resident in your house? fern. 11/id-.1IIa MiL; W: "ma dud-pa-mtd-lfan· very orquite smokeless; mi brrn1"s?a skyU{j-tumapa mid-du mM·pa Dzi. a lDan aboutto be choked, being neither able to spit.out, nor to swallow down; Mag (or Mag.la) till; dlntl-du mid D::l. we are not ableto give any thing; med-mf.riui.gi bu·fsdMil. the sons and grandsons that lire toget something (as II heritage); ~'yim dermid-du mi ytub.pa, or mi ro,j ·ba indis­pensable in the house Tngy.; so also mOO­fam-mM-pai 1.Mn-po Glr.; mkl.par dJY/u'­ba to bf' annihilated, to disappoor, stOg-11lQmid-par fJ9U,.-to Pth. the tigress disap­poored; mam ([a" sa ymi mOO.g~r.naDzl.when heaven lIud earlll shall pllSS away;"da tja Nan med-Ilan 8(I,j" IV. now 1 amquite undone; bMn-po- /'nallls o!Jrarwenl$­lIIM-pal' 9Yu",,/o Glr. the ministers lost tbeirlitigiousness, ga"e up quarreling; zas ltrim­du mtd-par ggilr-to Dzl. the distributionof the dishes became impossible; ·pt-razb·ee mM._fan soli" lV. he becnme SllCcch.less; 1I1td-pal' byld-pa to I\onihilate, llDenemy Dzl., to put lin end to, a qu:mel Gir.;frq. mM-pa(r) may be rendered by' .....ith­out'; ?yydi-po zig mM.-na mi ru~, or (a~·mid PM. .....e cannot do without a king;mfa-rten-mbJ...po.i f/l(a a termination with­out a final consonant Gram.; l:fJYU med-parS.g. without cause; or by 'instead of':rgyril.po mld-par Gil'. instead of the kinR,sjuir.gyi ltU mJd.par GIl'. instead of theformer shape; nyin-1n(saTHI~d-parmaking

no difference lletween l'ill.Y llod night, iw-mo­mhl-par between male aDd female, Iyan--byia.mid-par old and young; vulgo also llyin­med-mfadn-1lled etc. - mhl-J>o, W. '"mM·Ran*, fem. mld.1Il0, II poor ronn, pauper.

~~. men Nil. an ornament, piece 01 finery.

~~. 'IIlendi, &k. ~, J~a\\"sonia. alLa, 1\

" plant used for staining tbe finger·nllilsred Nil.,. ~,

"'l~\)' mJn.ui a coloured silk Itandker<:ltief Iv.

~~~. '/IU71-/lI'ia. kind offur? men·lll'idmdl'-pqi aMg-pa II fur-tont of red men-nn'

is mentioned as the vesture of a Lim.

ii~ mer tennin. of me.

~~::r mir-ba (:'1.: '1\ quaking; thiDnes~;

'll1ir·lKJ, met-mil' thin, lIS liquids';&1•. : 'mk-gyis !JUl' fulJ to tile brim'. 1 metwith I. mrl" in zig.mir q.\'. - 2. 'IIIer-baas adj. for mfllO the lake Mil. - 3. ·mer·mil'· n~ adj. like a thin pap, and sbst. amuddy substance, e..g. strcct-mire; ·mer_mer~. to makE'. a miN'. - 4. 'lllir-mcr-baIldj in connection with such sbst. llS light,ra)', hearn, brightness TllfJr., Mil. - 5. mil'­mer-po used in medical writings in a ~imilnr

mallner as nUI'-nur-po, to define the shapeof an embryo, oblong, oval; these descrip­tions, however, though partly founded onobscn-ation, nre frequentl), very arbitnu'y,VllgU<', and even contrndietory. In W: theword has only the signiJication 3; a Lamafrom C. rendered it with 'full', which wouldagree with Sen. nnd no. I, as well as withIglittering, quivel;ng', having some relationto po. 2 and no. 4.~r.r£ or ~ mil-ff5C or -tu 1. watch, watch-

man, sentinel; watcher, spy,1IIIl­(ae byM-pa to watch, to keep watch Dzl.;jd-ra-mel-fu -= '"tnef,..fsc" IV. - 2. steatiteor soap-stone, of a greenish colour.~~if mh-po, vulA"o ·me--mi", grandfat~er;

also forefatlter, ancestor, progenitor,3wis _rgyds fams-CdJ.lyi spy(_Jll('f-,(;'Un- tu·bzdfi -r-o Tit!!/,. Kuntuzwipo, the commonllrogeniwr of all the Buddhas; 111es ''9ydf,..po Glr. merely equivalent to 'the old king';

nii'-tri

419

the grandfather by the father's, ma-

by the mother's side Cs ; yan-mts great-

(Sir.: :>'- or yki-mts Sch. great-

iiirat -grandfather; mes-dbon grandfather:ind grandchildren, resp., e.g. rgydl-po mes-

(lix'in i lie kings from one generation to an-

other. tlio royal ancestors Glr.;mes-rdbs id.

>>'///.; *me-md*, reverential name given to

men of a more advanced age W. also C.** Cv

f'S* me-tri, S^fa. v. bydms-pa Mil.

mo-kdb v. Kab.

&T mo, I. num. figure: 136.

II. woman, female, opp. to po, =wwW: 7wo na-re the woman said G7r., Mil.'

of animals: female. -*mo-kydn* W. virgin.

mo-gos woman's gown, petticoat. mo-

/>/<////'/({ female line of descent. mo-bi fe-

male calf. mo-byis Mil., mo-dbyis (*mo-

yt*) C. girl, female child. mo-btsun nun Glr.

-mo-mfsdn, moi dbdii-po female genitals.

-mo-rdn-fmo) l. single, unmarried woman,

so perh. in the passage, ydon ndn-gyi fcyd-

bas mo-rdn skyid happier is a single womanthan one with a husband of a bad face;

more frq., the word implies 2. a poor, de-

stitute female, one who did not get a husband

W. 3. she, herself C., Leic. mo-ri, mo-re a

female kid. mo-rigs female sex. Cs. -

mo-lus the female body Sch. mo-ysdm a

barren female, hence mo-ysdm-gyi bu a non-

sense, an incongruity.III. lot, mo Odebs-pa to cast the lot, al-

ways a religious ceremony performed byLamas (cf. rgyan and rtags-riV), which how-

ever does not preclude the possibility of an

imposture; md-pa one dealing with these

practices, a soothsayer, m6-pa Odre mfo/'t-

ba a soothsayer that pretends to have seen

a ghost; m6-mKan Cs., md-rtsis-pa Glr. id.

(the latter expression in the respective pas-

sage = court-astrologer); mo-ma the femi-

nine of it Cs., which however is at variance

\vith Mil., who in several places has bla-

ma mKas-pai mo-ma.

IV. affix, so-called article, correspond-

ing to the masc. terminations po and pa,and denoting the fern, gender of persons,bu-mo daughter, b6d-mo a Tibetan woman.

paste.

dark (coloured) Cs.', mfy-roof horses, yellowish-brown Glr.

oy-<>9 1- <* - moy-pa. 2.

meat-pie, meat-balls in a cover of

mog-sa mushroom W.

mfy*-t*a-ra Lt. n. of a plant;

in Lh. mog-a-ra& is a large

species of Ferula or Dorema, of a yellowflower and a fetid smell.

"

m6n-gol a Mongul Tib. 6g-po.

"

mon-rtul Lex. = blun-po dull, stupid.

f mon-lo, W. for Idtt-mo knuckle, an-

klebone.

mod moment, occurring only in the

following combinations: Idn-bai mod

(de-nyid)-la at the very moment of rising

Pth., Mil., dei mod-la the moment after Glr. ;

gen. mod-la instantly, immediately. m6d-la

drdns-so Glr. he immediately pulled it out:

Kra yan m6d-la pyin-te Dzl. immediatelyafter there came also the hawk; dd-nas

mod-la id. Dzl.

mod-pa (cognate to mdd-pa?) an

emphatic word for to be, 1. as an

augmentative ofyin, sometimes superaddedto this word; occasionally untranslatable,

sometimes - indeed, to be sure, zes sw/v/s

mod-kyi Dzl. though indeed you may say

so; dpag-tu-med mdd-kyi though indeed it

is immeasurable Dzl.', ysa de-ka na yin modMil. the snow-leopard indeed was I myself;

di ma yin mod ^on-kyait ... to be sure, it

is not this one, yet . . . Tar. ; ^ro-ba yfn mod

(although not invited) yet after all youmust go. 2. as augmentative of yod. sig-

nifying abundance, plenty B., C., W.: de

mi byd-na dgra mod if you omit to do tlii<.

you will have plenty of enemies, nad mod

plenty of diseases; sti-b&tdn-gi Krims siii-

tu m6d-kyi although they abounded in com-

pliments; mod -fa having an abundance.

lons-spydd m6d-par offytir he becomes the

owner of great wealth Dzl.; Mij-foy mod-

im..,nh tbc graudfather by the fatller's, "'a­mi. by the mother's side (.; j ywi-rllh great­grandf"ther Gt,..; zt'- or yZi-lnh SeA_ grcllt­greKt- grnudfather; mtl - dMII grAnllfKthernnd grandclLildren, resp., e.g "!I!ldl-po~'"

dMIl the kings from one generatinn to nu­oth('r, thc rO}'lIl ancestors Glr.; mtt-rtib, id.&lI.; ""u-ml"', revercntial nl\me givcn toIlIcn of a more Advanced age JY. IIlso C.

~'~ 'fllt-tri, fu, V. b!ldlll$-]XI Mil.

;f mo, 1. num. figure: l36.

JI. woman, female, opl" to ~, _ bud­11IM.: 1M na-rt' tile wODlan ~aid Gtr., Mit.;of animals: female. - "mo.kyd,i" W. virgin.- f1lo-gd$ woman's gown, petticolIl. - mo­br9Y(,J female line of descent. - mb-lri fe­mnle cnlf. - 7II0-blli! Mil., nw-db!fl3 ("mo­YI")G:girl, female cbild.- mo-bt!im nun Gtr.- 1/IO..1/I(8dll, moi dbdli-po female genitnls.- mo-,·ti-Hmo) l. single, unmarried woman,so ()Crh. in the IJQ.Ssage, )'fUJI; /i(j,j,-y!Ji A'yo.bas mo-rd,j Urllid happier is n single womAntho one with f1 busbnnd of n bad face;more frq., the word implies 2. a poor, de·stitute female, one \\ ho did 1I0t get f1 husbandW. 3. she, herself G., 1..-t1f:. -1110-ri, 1Ilo-d f1

female kid. - mo-I198 f('male sex. (,$. ­

11~bi8 the femnle Lod}' SeA. - mO-flam abarren ICIIlRlc, hence fIIo-yisam-f!yi bu a non­~cnS<', ao incongruity.

III. lot, mo .,dtb3.pa to I"ast the lot, al­ways :\ religious ceremony performed byLama!' (cf. rgyan and rtag8-rfl), wbich how­cver does not preClude the possibility of linimposture; mO-p{f one denling with thesepmcticCl>, a. sootb~yer, mO-JXI odrtm(o,i­btl 1\ sootbsuycr that I,retends to hll~'e seelln ghost;. mO-mA'a11 C8., mo-run-pa GIl'. id.(the IIttter expression in the respecth'e pas­sage - court-astrologer); 1I~1Il(l. the femi­nine (If it C$., which bowen'r is at variancewith Mil., who in se\'cral ploces has bla­ma ?I,!'ru-pai mO-1IIa.

IV. affix, so-called l\fticle, eorlespond­iog to the wasc. ternlinatiolls po Knl! pa,

and dCllotioj{ the few. gender of pel'ilOfts,bti-mo daugbtl'l', bOd_1iW" 'l'ibel.au woman_

~~ 7Ilo·fdb v. Jfab.

;{=I']..q. m.f1Xl dark (coloured) u.; mOg_r"of horses, yellowillh-lJro1l'n Gtr.

U"r>f"r .""'-""'" J. u_ - """'-Im- - ,_meat-pie, meat-balli in " coyer of

paste.

;{=I']'--9' fIIdg.ia mushroom W.

~.::t]--"f3'.::,: mOfJ.-ua-ra Lt. n. of a plant;in 1.,11. m&fj-ka-rat is a large

species of Ferula. or Dorema, of a-yellowIlower and a fctid smell.

5(=,·~,..r m<M-gol a Mongul Tib. 109-po.

sr="fl' mo,i-rtitl Lu, ... bUm-po dull, stupid.

;(=,'a( mO,i.Io, W. for lO,i-mo knuckle, an-klebone.

;f-' mod moment, occurring only in the1 following combinations: {dn-bai mod

(rh-nyilI)-la at the very moment of ri~inR"

Ptl,., Mil., dd 11IM-la the moment afterGtr.;gen. 1/l(xf-la instantly, immediately, mOd·ladraliNo GIl'. he immediately pulled it out:}/ra ya,j mOd-to. pyin-tt D::l. immedilltelylifter there cnme also the hawk; d~_ntU

mOd-fa id. Dzt.

sr':';=r lIIod.pa (cognate to mad-po?) anemphatic 'A"ord for to be, 1. /!oS an

augmentative ofyill, sometimes soper;s.ddedto this word; occasionnl1r untranslAtable,sometimes = indeed. 10 be sur., Ztl I'lnNU

mOd-A.,,!!i Dzl. tbough ind~d rou mal' say5<1; dpug-tu--1IlI<I mlx:Hyi though indeed itis immeasurable Dzl.; ).a dtoka ria ynl "wiMil. the snow-leopard indeed WM I myself;Ji lila yill mod ~o'l-l'!J!lli ... to be sure, itill not thi$ olle, ret ... Tar.; 09rO-oo!Ji1i mod(nlthough Dot ill\o1ted) }'et after aU youmU$t go. - 2. as augmentMive of yod. sig­nifying abundftllce, plent}' /l, c., It~: <It'lIli byld-1la dgra mod if )·ou omit to do this,)'ou will Im\'"c pltntr of enemi~, nad modI,lenty of diseases; Iti-NidN-gi !frill" #j,;­tu 1I1Od·A.yi a1thougb the)' Ilooundcd in COlU­

pliments; mOd _pa hR\o1ng an ftbuudaucl'.Ioti'-$p,yOd 1Ildd-par 09!fHr be beeomcs theRwucr ef great wealth Dzl.; n,i-(oy 1IIOd-

420

mon '^T mydd-pa

pa Glr. abounding in tree -fruit; mod-po

adj. plentiful, abounding, kul-lu-ru sin mod-

po in Kullu wood is plentiful, or sin mod-

poi yul (Kullu is) a country abounding in

wood, opp. to dkon-po, hence 'cheap' may

occasionally stand for it.

rmon 1. n. p., general name for the

different nations living between Tibet

and the Indian plain Mil : mon-yul-gyi bdn-

dhe a monk from Nepal; Glr.: dpal-gro man-

la Paldo in Bhotan; mon-ta-wan is stated

to be a commercial place in Assam, from

whence much rice is brought to Tibet; the

people of Lahoul are looked upon by the

real Tibetans as Mon, though for the most

part they speak the Tibetan language, and

they in their turn consider the Hindoos in

Kullu as Mon;that this appellation is often

extended to the Hindoos in general, appearsfrom such names as, mon-gre, mon- si an

Indian pea, Phaseolus radiatus, ITTO; mdn-

ca-ra the ever-green oak and its fruit, of

the southern Himalaya ridges Wdn.;in Ld.

the musicians (Ld.-Glr. Seal. 25, b), car-

penters, and wood-cutters coming from the

south, are likewise denominated Mon. -

The form mon-pa Cs. is not known to me;mon-mo fern. Pth. 2. sometimes for mun.

fnon-za (or perh. yza) W., popularity,

respect, reputation, mdn-za fob he

makes himself generally beloved, is highly

respected; mon-za-can beloved, popular.

termin. of mo.

a the usual resp. term, esp. in

W., for to say, to speak, as bsgo-ba

and bkd-rtsal-ba are used in earlier, and

ysun ba in later literature and in(7., hence

it is often to be rendered by 'to order'; *sd-

heb-la sa-ldm mol zu* have the goodnessto present (say) my compliments to that

gentleman; *mol-lce tdn-ce* to flatter, to

caress;*mol-latdn-wa* C. to make known(?).

mos-pa vb. and sbst. to be pleased,

la with, to wish, to have a mind, Ogrd-bar mos-so Glr. I took a fancy to go there;

cu-la sogs-par mos-na Thgy. if you wish

for water or something of the kind; m6s-

pa dan Od6d-pa S.O. desiring and coveting

(are the origin of all the misery of sin);

to take pleasure in, to rejoice at, mos-pai

glu Glr. song of rejoicing; as sbst.: pleasure,

satisfaction, esteem. 2. to respect, to esteem,

with la, to respect with devotion, to revere,

to adore cos-la frq. ; Kyod gdn- la mos to

whom do you direct your devotions? Mil.;

mos-nas Obitl-ba yin I give it merely from

devout veneration, i.e. I shall take nothingfor it Pth.' frq. joined with gus-pa: yid-

mos-gus drdg-pos with fervent veneration;

dad-mos devotion; mos spyod-pa as parti-

ciple, a pious man, a devotee Tar. 109,7.

STOT mya -?ian , trouble, misery, affliction,'

mya - nan -gyis ydun -ste Dzl.

; mya-

ndn ci yan med Dzl. I have no trouble, no

uneasiness, whatever; mya-ndn bsal Tar.

the time of mourning is at an end; 'mya-

ndn byed-pa to lament, to wail; mya-nan-

med, Tjniff cfi,n - f a famous king of ancient

India Glr., Tar. ch. VI; mya-ndn-las Odds-

pa, abbr. myan- das (and so also pronoun-

ced, as for instance in a verse ofMil., where

it occurs as a trochee) 'having been deli-

veredfrompain', the usual, illiteral, Tibetan

version of f^juf, the absolute cessation

of all motion and excitement both of bodyand mind, which is necessarily connected

with personal existence; absolute rest, which

by orientals is thought to be the highest

degree of happiness, imagined by some as

a perfect annihilation of existence, by others,

more or less, only as a cessation of all that

is unpleasant in human existence, well

set forth by Kopp. I. 304 sqq.

J'Q5|' mya-nam a fearful desert Lex., Thgy.

mydy-paSch. 'to chew'; ace. to me-

dical writings, the chemical decom-

position of the chyme in the stomach; to

cause putrefaction; pf. myags; mydgs-par

byed-pa= myag-pa S.g.; rul-cin mydgs-pa

Dzl. decomposed, putrefied; ro-mydgs the

watery product of putrefaction, 'tabes' Thgy.

mydn-ba v. myon-ba.

*f" mydd-pa Sch. mid-pa sbst.

420

pa Gir. abounding in tree-fruit; mOd-poadj. plentiful, abounding, kul-Iu-ru Si,. 111M·po in Kulln wood is plentiful, or U,i mQd..poi !JUl (Kulhl is) a country abounding inwood, opr. to (iMn-po, hence 'cheap' lIlayoccasionally s\aIld for it.~~ men I. D. p., general Dame for the

diftercnt nations living between Tibetand the Indian plain Mil: mtm-yul-g!li ban­dhe a monk from Nepal; Gir.: dpal·gro mdn­La Paldo in Bhotan; 'ilIon-la-wan is statedto be a commercial piMe in Assam, fromwhence much rice is brought to Tibet; thepeople of Lahonl are looked upon by thereal Tibetans as MOil, though fol' the mostpart they sp'eak the Tibetan languuge, andthey in their turn consider the Hindoos inKullu as MOD; that this appellation is oftenextended ro the Hindoos ;0 general, appearsfrom such names as, mdn-!/rt, moD-8ranIndian pea, 11laslX)lus radiatus, 1ff1f; m6n­elL-l'a the e\'er-green oak and itl! fruit, oftho;! southern HimalaYA ridgo;!s Wd,i.; in La.tho;! musiciaos (Ld.-Glr. &hL 25, b), car­penters., and wood-cutters coming from thesouth, Me likewise denominnted Mon. ­The form mon-pa w. is not known to me;mon--mQ {em. Pth. - 2. sometimes for mU?I.

;(~~. 1IWU-za (or perh. I'm) lV., popularity,respect, reputation, mdn-za foo he

makesbimself generally beloved, is highlyrespected; m6n-za-can beloved, popular.

;(". m()1' termin. of mo.

~..q' mdl-ba the usual resp. term, esp. inW:, (or to say. to speak, !\$ bsg6-ba

and bhi-rtsal-ba are used ill earlier> . and1'3u'i·ba in later literature and in C., henceit is often to be rendered by 'to order'; ·,a­Mb-Ia ,a-lam mol Zu· have the goodnessto present (sa,) my com·pliments to thatgentleman; ·m61-[Ct tali-ct· to flatte!", wcaress; ·mdl-!atd,j-u'a· G tomake knovm(?).;(~..:r m.d8-pa vb. and sbst. to be pleased,

!a With, to wish, to have a mind, ofIrd­bar mds-so GIl'. I took n fancy to go~there;

(u.-!a 't1g$-par mOt-na ThglJ. if you wishfor wllter or something of the kind j md$-

rJ/ ;

pa dali odiJd-pa S.O. desiriug and coveting(nre the origin of all tbe misery of sin);to take pleasure in, to rejoice at, m08-raiglu Gil'. song of rejoicing; as shst.: pleasure,satisfaction, esteem. - 2. to respecl,to esteem,with la, to respect willi de\'otioll, to revere,to adore ca,-la {rq.; /Cyod gail- la nws to

whom do you dir('ct your dc\'otions? Mil.;mONtas iul-ba yin I give it merely {romdevout venerntion, i.e. I shall take nothingfor it Ptk; frq. joined with glis-pa: yid­1II081JU8 drdg-pos with fervent \'enerp,tion;dad-'TIIOs devotion; 11/08 spy6d-pa as parti­ciple, a pious mlm, fI devotee TaT. lO9,7.Zrt:..~· mya-Tian, trouble, misery, affliction,

1IIya.,idn-!JlJi$ rdillj-3te D=l.; 1Ilya­ridn d yali mal Dzl. I ha\'e no trouble, nouneasiness, whAtever; 1Ilya-tidn bsal Tar'.the time of mourning is at an end; 1II.!Ja­nchl byid-pa to lament, to wail; mya-nan­1IlM., 'Il'm~, n. of a famous king of ancientIodia Glr., Tar. ch. VI; mya-tidtvla8 odds­pa, abbr. mywj-odas (and so also pronoun­ced, as for instnnce in a \'erse ofMil., whereit occurs as ntrochee) 'having been deli­veredfrompaill', the usual, illiteral, Tihetallversion of f"'flhqr, tbe absolute cessationof 1111 motion and excitement both o{ bodyand mind, which is necessarily connectedwith personalexislence; absolutercst, whichby orientals is thougllt to be the highe~t

degree of happiness, iwugined by some usa perfectannillilation ofexistence, byothers,more or less, only as a ceSSAtion of all thatis unpleasant in lIumlln ahtence, - wellset forlb by Kiipp. I. 304 sqq.

ZfC~' mya-nam a fearful desert Lu., Thgy.

~.tr mytiy.paSch. 'to chew'; acc, to me-dical writings, the chemical decom·

position of the chYlne in the stomach; tocause plrtrtlaction; pf. lIIyag8; mydfp-parbyid-pa = myag-pa S.g.; rut-fin mlJugs-1JaDzl. decomposed, putrelicd;ro-myrigs thewatery product ofputrefaction, 'robn' Tligy.

ZF'::j' mlJu,.-ba v. mI/(;,;-ba,

~.c:,·tr mydd-pa &h. ",. mid.pa sbst.

" 0

mil i it

nn/iit Sch. = in Hi.

,nyi,-gu. spy myug. 1. ,sv//. reed, rush,

^& flag, also = smyu-gu.- ' a. sprout, the first shoot of corn etc.,

myfi-iiu x,',nn-i>n 7'//////.

the young green corn.

5jm*r "','/''///'"' myiig-myug-pa 1. to run,

^ roam, stroll idle about Sch. 2. to

show, exhibit ostentatiously, to boast with Cs.

v.(l//ii/it;/-pa.

myitr-bu quick, swift, speedy, myur-

po id. Mil.: mostly as adv., myur-du

quickly, speedily; soon; ci-myur as speedily

as possible; myur-du-btsd-rtags symptomsof immediate parturition Mn(.

myul-ba to examine closely, to search

into, to scrutinize, c. accus. or terinin.

of place Stg., Mil., prob. but a different

spelling for nyul-ba. Ice-myul Miig., Lt.

a symptom ot disease, ace. to Wisep. 282:

a quivering motion of the tongue.

my6-ba v. smyo-ba.

r*n* niy6i>-ba, pf. myans, also myo/i, fut.

myaii W.''

nydii-ce" ,1. to taste Z)2^.;

to try by tasting, myait-bas zim-po fsor-nas

perceiving the relish by tasting; ro /////"//-

ba *<job-ldg nydn-ce* W., id.; to enjoy, mfo-

ris-fyi lons-spyod the bliss of paradise Dzl. ;

mydii-bar byed-pa to make, or to permit

to, enjoy, Kyod cos-kyi zas myot'i-bar byaoI shall make thee enjoy the food of religious

doctrine Sch., yet it may be rendered also

more simply : thou wilt enjoy . . . Dzl. ;?V$,

b. -- 2. in philosophy: to perceive, in re-

lation to the perceptions of sense, Ssk. %^*f.- 3. to experience, to suffer, both good and

evil, sduy-bsital, distress etc. frq. ;to get,

mi-sdug-pai lus an ugly body; seldom with

termin., ynds-skabsyzdn-dutnyoit-bar </>/i<i'-

bai Ids - -mams works which would bring

upon their author another state of existence

(after his death) Thyy.; tn\jnn-bar mi ^ynr-ba to be preserved from Dom. ; ran-gi byds-

IKI ra>'t-gi myoit-ba i/in l*tlt. your own doingsare yourown sufferings; as you have brewed,

so you must drink. 4. auxil. of the pi.

like byun, but chiefly in negative sentences:

btial ma mi/on Dzl. I have never yet sought,infoit inn m

n<,i, Mil. \ have never yet seen,fos ma myoii Mil. 1 have never yet heard,

a construction, that has originated from

the earlier one c. inf. : rdzun xinrd-ba mamyo/t, <l<j<'-hdi xi'iiixxkijed-pamaiHiiori dealingwith falsehood, producing virtuous thought*,has never happened to me yet Dzl.

dmd-ba to be low, dbw dma into,

ynyis mfo-na if (in pregnancy) the

middle parts of the body are low, and the

sides high Med.; sbst. lowness: adj., also

dmd-mo, low, low water, low voice, low

rank, short measure or weight, frq.; dmd-la Kydd-du ysod-pa to despise the low and

humble Lt.; dmd-na if I live in humble

circumstances Dom.', nd-yis mfomfo byds-

padmadma byun aspiring higherand higher,I fell deep Pth.; of religion: cun-zad dmd-

bai dus-su as it had somewhat fallen into

decay Pth.; dma Ob?bs-pa (frq. written stnd)

W. *ma bab kdl-ce*, and intrs. dma Qbdb-

pa to lower, to degrade, by words: to abuse,

to vilify Do. by deeds: to deface, to deform,

to mar /'///..- to disgrace, dishonour, profane

/'//<.; to humiliate Tar.; to oppress, to ruin

Schr.;*ma-bab-can* W. humiliated, broughtlow. dmd-sa 1. Sch. low land(?) 2.

<lman-sa. Cf. dman-jxi.

dmag Lexx. %^fT 1- army. host. <lmag-

tsogs, dmag-dpui), less frq. dmaij-

yscb id.; dmag dan beds-pa with an armyTar.

;mi-la dmag skyur-ba to commit tin-

command of an army to a person Glr. ; yul-

la dmag Odren-pa to lead an army again -u

to invade a country, frq.; dmag rgydg-pa

Glr., *mag fdb-pa* C. to war, to make or

wage war, dmag-rgydg (or <////</- <//r) ret

man-du byi'd-pa to make war upon each

other Glr. ; mu-slegs-pai dmdg-gis bzuit he

was made a prisoner by an army of Brah-

manists Glr. ; dmag sto/'t 1000 men Ji/t.;

dmag-gi tsogs ston-prug sitm-cu an army of

30000 men Dzl. 2. in a gen. >-MM-. mul-

titude, number. host, *///(/</-///}()* W. abeating

up of game, a battue; *mag-nr* property

of the community, *(s)pi-nor* W. 3. (.a.

and Sch. war.

@t:. my!,; &h. _ mi';.

~f:rr '1IlyU-o'I..;.j~ lIIYUf/, 1. &/1. re~d, tush,"" ...., 'l:S Ilag, !lIsa - ""!1/l"!!u. ­2. <..ir. sprout, llie fi,'s~ shoot of COI"ll etc.,1IlyN-gu 'rid/I-po 'l'1'!J!J. the youug green corn.

~:.r 1I'!Jli!l-pa, lIIyi1rrm!fUY-pa 1. to run,~ I roam, stroll idle about &k _ 2. to.now, exhibit ostentatiously, to boast with c,.\'. dlllyitu-pa,a:J~'.::r lIl!Jur-ba quick, swilt, speedy, 111J1ur­~ po id.Mil.; mostly as I~h., lIIyur.duquickly, speedily; soon; Ci"''IIIyur as speedilynS p<>ssiblc; 'nIyur-du..btMi_rtog. symptomsof immediate parturition Mrtl.

~'.:::r III!1M.ba to examine closely, to search'lS into, to scrutinize, C.llCCUS. or lennio.

of plll.ce $19-, Mil., prob. but II differentspelling for ?yUi-bu. - lee.m!lUI M,ig., U.a s}'Iuptom of disease, nee. to !ViM II. i8::!:n quivering motion of the tongue.

~.::r myd-ba ". ,myd-ba.

~l::=r 1IIyo,i-ba, pf. lIl!Jalis, Illso IIIl/Oli, fut.lII!Ja'; w: "71l/d,i-u", 1. to taste D::l.;

to try by tasting, mya,i-bas ZlIIl-PO (so,'-nasjl<,rcciviug the rdish by tusling; ro 'IlI/piI­ba ·4ob..Jdg7lyd,i-U· W:, id.; to enjoy. m(o­rls-Ayi 10liNpgdd the bliss of paradi~e D::,.;1I1ydn -bar b.~Id-pa to make, or to permitto, enjoy, J.Yod cos-k!Jl' zas IIIlJ(II;-bar bl/aoI shlllllllnke thee enjoy lhe food of religiousdoctrine &1•. , yet it may be rendered alsomore simply: thou wilt enjoy ... D::L 7\~~,

b. - 2. in philoso(lll}'; to perceive, in re­lation to the percel'~ions of seDse, &1.:.~.- 3. to experience, to suffer, both good antIf'vil, &dug-w,ial, di~tress elC. frq.; to get,lIIi-sdlig-pai lu, 1111 ugly body; seldolll withtcnlliu., rmb-akab&rzan-dulIIyd,i-bar oY!I,ir­bui ids - ""ams works ....hich w(Iuld bl'ingUpOIl ~heir author nuolher stllte of existence(aftf'r his dcnth) Tllg!J.; lIIy,j,l-bol' tIIi o!J!lrir­ba to be prese,...ed from Dom.; ra,j-gi bYlis­pa rdil-yi lIIyd,i_ba. !Iilt PIli. }'ollr own doillgS:tre your own sufferings; as }'OU Iiave brewf'd.so you must drink. - 4. nuxil. of tbc pl.like byu';, but cbiefly ill negnuwl ~tcnc :

~21

btaalllla 1n!JO,i Dzi. IliaYe nevcr yet lKlugbt,JI/{Q1i fila 1I1yon Mil. Iluwe ncver }'et teen,(08 fila 1IIyoit Mil. I l\lwe ne\'er }'et heard,- a. construction, tllltt luts originated fromthe earlier oue c. inf.: rd::'1II srllrd-ixt 1na'11190';, due·bai ~"aJ.:yhl-pa"jaJl/!loit dealillJtwidl fulsehood, llrod ucing virtuollS though.....,hIlS never Illlppeued w me }'et D::1.-;.jl;·.:r dmd-ba to be low, dOra fima lIIfa

l )"lIyis m{0-11a if(in I,regnallcy) themiddle PllJ'ts of the lJody "re low, lind thesides high Ned.; sbst. lowness; adj., alsodma-mo, low, low .....nter, low "oice, lowrnnk, short meAsure or weight, frq.; d"t4­ia J.Ydd-du 1sM-pa to desllise the 10\\' !tndhumlJte Lt.; dmd·na if I live in humblecircllmst~nl'e" /)0111.; Tid-vi' 1Il{O lII{O byth­IJa dmaJmabyun llspiring bigher!tnd higher,1 fell deep nn.; of religion: cu,i-::ad dmd­bui dia-Ml Ill' it lilld somewhat fallcn intodeca}' !'til.; dllla obJbt-pa (frq. I"ilten Sllla)

w: ·1IIa bab kdl-C?, and intI'S. dma obdh­pa to l(Iwcr, to degrnde. by ""ords: to abuse,to vilify Do. Ly deeds: to deface. to deform,to mar Pth.; to disgrace, dishonour, prolane1'11/.; to humiliate 1'a,·.; to oppress, to ruin&Iw.; ·/IIa-bab-i:a,j· W: bumiliated, broughtlow. - dmd-sa I. Sen. low I:\ud(?) 2....dmoll"a. - Cf. dmdll-pa.-~::q- dlllag f~~·.I:. 1Prr 1. army, host, dlllag­I tsdys, dmag.Jpu,i, less frq. dmag­)'fib id.; dma!! dail beds-pil ""itb !tn armyTar.; 1II(·la dllla!! sJ....l'ir_ba to oommit thecomwllnd ofaa !trmy W n person Glr.; !JUl­Ia dm(l9 odl'nl-pa to lend an army .Kllin~t,

to invade 1\ country, frq.; dlllflfJ ly!Jdg.paGlr., ·/IIa[l (db-pu· C. to Wllr, to llIake orwage war, .l/lIa[J-''!J.'1dy (01' J/lwg-odrht) rtflIId,i-du byM _pa to make war upon eAChother Gir"; lIIu-altga-l'ai dllui!NJia bZ'll,j beWIIS made 11 prisoner by all Arm)' of BI'AIr­

ml\Dist:! Gir.; (iI/lay aw,; 1000 men PM.;(ima[l-gi (:tOga atoii-prdy INm-nl lin army of30000 wen D::l. - 2. in n gen. :.en~e, mul­titude,number,host, ·lHafJ-li,j(a)· 11'. abel\ullgup lIf game, l\ lJl\ltUC; ·"UIg_HO? propel1yof the community, ~ ·(.)pi-fiO'" IV. - 3. U.

"'I! '8' WI'. -

,q' dmdg-pa

422

Comp. dmag-Hrims 'martial law' Cs. -

*mag-tug* W. war, contention, contest. -

dmag-mgo Ma. vanguard, front or first line

of the army.--

dmag-sgdr encampment,

Odegs-pa to pitch a camp. dmag-bsgrig

troops drawn up, bat tie-array Sch dmag-cds requisites for war, military stores, am-

munition Pth. -*mac/-fdb* 6'., W. war. -

dmag-nor v.abovesubno.2mag-nor. dmag-snd= dmag-mgoMa. dmag-dpun army.

dmag-dpon commander, general. dmag-bran dmag-sgdr.

-- dmag-mi warrior,

soldier. dmdg-mo = dmag, dmdg-mo ce

bskur-ba Pth. to send out a great army.

dmag-fsogs= dmag-dpun. dmag-lins v.

above.

dmdg-pa v. mag-pa.

dmam the common people, populace,

multitude, vulgar; dmdns-kyi ston-

mo a banquet for all Mil.;dmans pdl-pa

the vulgar, the common people; one of the

common people ; dmdns-rigs id.;used also

as an abusive word: mean fellow: when

referred to Indian matters =-s\^.

the caste

of craftsmen, not so low as ydol-ba.

dmdd-pa Sch. invective, abuse,

(does not suit to S.g. 21).

r ?<*] dmdn-pa (cf. dmd-bd) 1. low, v.

mt'6-ba; gen. fig., in reference to

quantity, little, dman lhag log either too

little, or too much, or badly constituted, e.g.

gall, and other humours of the human bodyMed.

;bsod - nams dman -

pa having little

merit, bio dmc'm-pa having little sense Glr. ;

with skye-ba v. skye-ba II.;

in reference to

quality: indifferent, inferior Ssk.^Y*T,

rim~

pas ddn-po mcog yin pyi-ma dman in the

order (of enumeration) the first is always

better, the next following inferior S.g.;

*men-sdr* maiden, girl, virgin C. (cf. skye-

dmdn) ; depressed in spirits Wdn. poor, piti-

able, ri-dwdgs dmdn-ma the poor deer Mil.;

dmdn-sa or dman-ca, Odzin-pa to choose

the low, humble part, to be humble, to

humble one's self, frq.; dmdn-sa zun dan

mfo-sar sleb Mil. choose what is low, and

you will obtain what is high. 2. dman

i-pa

for skye-dmdn woman, opp. to po Mil. -

3. in Mil. sometimes also formd-mo, srin-mo.

dmar profit, gain, good success, dmarcun a small profit Mil ; dmdr-po adj.,

fugs-dam dmdr-po byun-natn did it go on

well with your meditation? Mil., dmar-Krid

Cs. 'practical instruction', e.g. in the healing

art; ace. to my authorities it signifies the

last 'finishing' instruction, in religion Mil.,

in medical science Med.

j-^jx*^ dmdr-po, fern, dmdr-mo (seldom),

dmdr-ba, adj. 1. red, frq., mdog-

dmdr-po one red -coloured (lit. red as to

colour) Dom.\ dmdr-bai spyan red eyes Glr.;

sna dmdr-ba having a red trunk or pro-

boscis Glr.'., dmdr-ba, also redness and to be

red. 2. v. dmar. Comp. dmar-skyd pale

red. dmar-Krd Lt., red-spotted. dmar-

Krid v. dmar. *mar-zen* raw meat W.

dmar-ljdn greenish red Mil. ^mar-fagcod11' W. the red of evening has vanished

from the mountains. dmar-fdbf dmar-

for v. fur-pa. dmar-mddiis Sch. 1 . bright

red(?) 2. ruddy complexion. dmar- don

Lt. medicinal herb;in Lh. = bya-po-tsi-tsi.

dmar-ndg., skud-pa dmar-ndg fnyis two

threads, one black, the other red, used in

magic. dmar-smyug blackish red. mar-

zan-zdh scarlet-red. dmar-yol red china-

ware (? opp. to dkar-yol) Med. dmar-bsdl

Sch. dysentery, bloody flux. -- dmar-ser

(-po) reddish yellow, honey-coloured Glr.

dmds-pa Cs. wounded.

^Ijcn'q* dmig-pa, dmig-bu Lex.1 and Cs. hole.

dmigs sbst. v. the following.

dmigs-pa 1. vb. (analogous to

sgom-pa), to fancy, to imagine

Tar. 73, 5. prob. ;to think, to construe in

one's mind, dmigs-te Glr. or vulgo dmigs-lain imagination, e.g. to do a thing in one's

mind, which at the time one is not able to

perform in reality ;this according to a Bud-

dhist's belief is permitted in various cases

(e.g. *sem-mi mig-la pid-ce*W., to bring an

offering in mind, in imagination); it is at-

the same beneficial effects, as

42'2

Compo dTfla[J.ltri7TU 'martial law' ('$.

·mag.fiq/ IV. war, contention, contestdmag'7Ilfld Ma. vanguard, front or first lineof the army. - dmarJ-ffJdr encampment,odeg&-pa to pitch a camp. - dmafj-b8grlytroops drawn up, battle-army&h - dmafJ­cds requisites for wm', milit<lry stores, aID·munition Pt". - ·ma.q-fUb· C., W: WUI'. -­

dmafj-ndr v.above:>u\.0 no.2mag.ndr.-dnwg­tnu_dnuJ.,tI_mgd Ma. -dmag-<1piui. urm}'.­dmllft"dp()1I commander, gtne:ral. - dma[l.brd,t _ dmag·'fJdr. - dmag- fIli warrior,soldier. - dmdg-nKJ "" dmag, dllldg-TIW cebtkiJr-ba I'th. to send out l\ great army. ­dmag-('OU' - dmag-dpiJit. - dmag'[{;" v.abo\·e.

-==j~'r dlllu9-pa v. ~'r I/lIiv·pa.

~~~~. dmaJis the common people, populace.multitude, vulgar; dmali,-kyi ,tQn.

rno a bunquet for all Mil.; dmwit l~ul-pa

tlie vulgar, the common people; one of thecommon people; dmu;',.rig' id.; u~ed alsolIS an abusive word: mean fellow; whellreferred to Indian matters = "'lJ. the casteof craftsmen, not so low liS ydol-ba.

-==j~-==j"r dmdd - pa Sth. invective, abu~e,

(does not suit to S.g. 21)."J:I~"r dmun-pa (e!. (1IIIa-ba) 1. low, v.

m(d-Oa; gen. fig., in rererellce toquantity, little, dmaTi IAa:) log either toolittle, or too much, or loudly constituted, e.g.A:all, and odlCr humours of the human body,11e1l.; IJ,dd - nall/t dmun· pa having littlemerit, blQ dmJn.pa hf\vill~ little sense Glr.;with skge-ba v. skye-ba II.; in reference wquality: indifferent, inferior &1.;. iPr. rim~

peu dan-po mroy yi1l iyi.ma dman in theoroer (of eoumcrntion) the first is nlwayshettm', the next following inferior S.9.;"'1I~-8Ur" maiden, girl, virgin C. (cf. u:ye­dnuin); depressed in spirits !Vdli.; poor, piti.able, "i-dlCdgs dman-ma the poor deer Mil.:dJtlan-w or dman-ca, od.-in-pa to choosethe low, humble part. to he humble, tohumble one's self, frq.; dlluln-sa,.zu,i dwlm(d-8ur skb Mil. choose what is low, andyou will obtRin what i~ high. - ~. dman

for skye-dmdn woman, opp. to po Mil. ­3. in Mil. sometimes also forma-mo, Ui1M1U).

-==j~"-: dll/al' profit, gain, good success, dn/arcUli a small profit Jlh1 ; dll/dl'-po adj.,

(ufP-<1Jm dmdr-po byuiv-iiUln <lid it go onwell with )'our meditation? Nil., dmar-/{ridU. '(In:lctical instl'uction', e.g. in the heulingart; ace. to my authorities it signifies theInst 'finishing' illstmction, in religion Mil.,in mellieal science Mell.-==jo::l,,-:q:- dmdr.po, fem. dll/dr-mo (seldom),

dn/dr-ba, adj. 1. red, frq., mdog­dmul' - po one red ·coloul'Cd (lit. red 116 tocolour) J)(,m.; dmur-lJai SP!lWI red eyes Glr.;sna dmdr-ba having a red trunk 01' pro·boscis Glr.; dmdr.ba, Illso redness und to ~e

red. 2. v.dmal'. - Comp. tlmw'-Jlryd palered. - drnur·lb·a Lt., red.spotted. - drnar­l'rid v. timor. - ·mal'·zh.· row meat IV.­dmar-l)uli greenish red Mil. .- ·mar-(agCQd- W. the red of evening Ims vanishedfrom the mountains. - dmar.(ubl- drnar­(or v. (vr-pa. - drnal'-mdtj,is SeA. 1. brightredC?) 2. ruddy complexion. - dmur·odonLt. medieinul herb; in V,. - bya-lXJ-tsi-f,i.- dlllar~u!l, J..1Id.pa dmal'-nd:) J1Iyis twothreads, one black, the other red, used inUiagic. - dmar-u>lyug bbckisL red. - mar­;;;uII-::u,i scarlet~rcd. - dmar·ydl red china­ware (? opp. to dkar.ydl) Met!. - dmar-biJul&". d}'sentery, bloody l1u:l". - dmar-tir(-po) reddisb yellow, honey-coloured GIl'.

~~~'q dmd'-pa Cil. wounded.

-==j54~'r, -¥{~':5!' dmiv-pa, dlllig-bu I.u.I and a-. hole.

-==j;;'9~' dllligs l;bl;t. V. the following.

~~::rr~'.q' dmigs-pa 1. \'b. (analogous t.osgolll-pa), to fancy, 10 imagine

'Par. 73, r... (11"01.0.; to think, to construe inone's mind, dmius-tt Gll'. or V"ulgo dmivs-fain imagination, e.g. to do a thing in one'sIDind, which at the time one i~ not able to

Ileriorm in rt'alit)·; this uccording-!o II Bud­dhist's belief is [lCrmitted iu various cases(e.g. ·8bn-rni mig-La lliJl-u·lV., to bring anoffering in mind, iu imugillatioll); it is at-­tenJed~ilh tlie sllUie bene6eilll effects, as

if actually done, and in legends, especially,

it is generally followed by a happy reali-

sation of what had been desired. dmiys-

so <SV. |>inli.:it is imaginable* it may be

dour in mind; don dvtiys-pa to intend a

benefit or profit for another person Mil

- ( inn-rally '2. sbst, thought, idea, fancy

^jfTf3^T. vu\go*miy(it)*'dHii</8-pairten prob.:

a thing only supposed, an object imagined

r.', diniy&-pa zig ston-pa, Ob6ys-pa to

(to another person) an idea of, to makea -uggestion Mil.; *mig-la co go* W. mean-

also : do it, execute it, according to yourown mind, I cannot supply you an exact

pattern of it; dmigs-can ingenious, skilful in

contriving W. ; dmiys-pa-las Odds-pa= bsdm-

byai yul-las Odds-pa? yeiis-med(-par}

iliniys-pa (dan) brdl-bas-na indisturbable

by fancies of the mind, free from every

working of the imagination Mil.', dmiys-

pa-med-pai snyin-rje Mil. seems to be, ace

to Thgy.. the pity which the accomplished

saint, who has found every thing, even re-

ligion, to be vain and empty, feels towards

all other beings, in as far as they are still

subject to error and mistake, opp. to sems-

can-la dmiys-paisnyin-r)e,&ndi cos-la dmiys-

pai snyin-ije the tender sympathies called

forth by the sight of beings that are really

suffering and of those defective in moralitya play upon empty phrases, in as much

as in the very narrative, from which the

passage above is quoted, the natural soft-

ness of Milaraspa is evidently excited bya very positive case, and not by any re-

flexions of an abstract nature. - -

*miy-pa-ne z;Upa* (\.bzo-bd)C. done only in thought,

supposed, fictitious; diniys fams-cdd btjed-nas forgetful of all the beautiful fancies,

schemes, and airy notions; dmiys-pa ytod-

pa prob. : to direct one's thoughts, fancies,

la to Tar. 189, 2. (where, no doubt, ytdd-na is to be read); dmiys-ytdd mental object,

dmigs-ytdd brdl-bai rndl-Jbyor-pa a saint

that is free from such objects; ace. to our

Lama also = ytdd-so q.v.; dmi<ix-ysitl Lejc.\

(Sch.:l

a clear notion'), perh. misspelt for

ihniys-bsdl exception from a rule Gram.',

a partinilar mention, marking out, exemp-tion of a person, in magisterial m-dei

enactments W. -</t/i/;ts-/>u a blind man's

leader Dzl., LCJC Id// -///// -pa.- ///*-

dmiys Mil. and elsewh., puni-hment. In

the last three examples the etymological

relationship is not quite evident.

r$r i.- dmu, rmu a kind of evil demon.

>c rarely mentioned I^cx. ; n/n/-r;/ot/

wild, angry, passionate; a violent fcllo\v. not

safe to deal with Mil.: <lnni-l>li'>\\. wild, ira

ciblemind&A.; heocednnM-^y<M terrifying,

frightful Sch.; perh. also dmus-ldit blind,

bodily blind, whilst lon-ba may be applied

also to spiritual blindness DzL, Glr. and

elsewh., and dmu- c it dropsy, esp.in the chest

and in the belly Med.; dmu-ski-dn Sch. an

oedema, tumour filled with water.

dmun-pa darkened, obscured, bio',

mun-pa.'

dmid-ba \. Odzum-j><i.

"^" dmur-ba v. mur-ba.

*

dmus-loii v. dmu.

"^' dme-ba v. rmc-ba.

dmod-pa I. vb. Ts. to curse, accurse.

execrate, dmod-jm l>y<'d-i>uid. Tar.

14. 17. II. sbst. dmod-pa Dzl . <////<></, Glr.

and elsewh., imprecation, execration, male-

diction; dmdd-mo id.; joined with Mr-6o,

Qdor-ba, Odziiy-pa, smo-bat I. to curse, to

execrate, draii-xroit-yix 1 1mod-pa bor-bai lo

bcu-ynyit the twelve years on which a curse

had been pronounced by the saint Dzl. '2.

to swear, to confirm a treaty by an oath

Glr. 3. to pronounce a prayer or conjuration.

lha-la to the deity Glr. 4. to affirm, e.g.

to say' "'kon-cog $e* or the like. The word

seems to be nearly related both to .SJ//W-

pa, and to smdn-pa, but, as expressly stated

by the LCJCX., is not synon. with these verbs.

CWQJ'S* dwydl-ba I. vb. to cut up, to cut

^ into little pieres, meat at dinner

Dzl., a punishment of hell Dzl. II -lt

hell, also se>nt-ittn-dnuiul-l>a; dmydl-bar

(/rd-ba to go to hell, dntydl-ba bco-brgydd

if achllilly done, lind in legends, eSIIl'Ciftlly,it is generftlly followed by a IH\llI'Y fl'ali­sllliou of what had been desired. - dmi!!,­10 B.O. prob.; it ii inlllginable, it mnr be(Ion~ iu mimi; dgn dmi!!, - pa to inlC'lul l\

henefit or profit for ftnutiler person Mii.- Gelle"llly t. sbst., thoughl, idea, fancy"'""'fI(. vu Igo·miy(at;dllliya-pai ,·tclll'rob.::I thing only SlIllll<lsed, :HI object ilDllgined1'''!1'·.; (]lIliya-pu ?::ifJ .lon-lJu, /./Ogr-ptl to,.;i\'e (to another pefl,un):HI idea of, to makel\ ~ul;gestiun Mil.; ·'mig-la Co gg. lY. menliSIIbo: do it, exeCute it, nccording to rourown mind, I tn.nQot supply you liD elactpftttern of it; dm1fP-c(1/l ingenious, akilful ineontri"ing W; dmlga-pa-laa odda-pa =wdm­b!Jui !lM-la. o(1da-pa~ - !jCtia-mcd(-par)dmiya-pa (dOli) brdl-bas-lla illdi~turbl\lJle

by fllneies of the mind, free from everyll"Orking of the imagination Mil.; dllllfts­])Q.-mld-pai sll!Jiil-rje .Mil. sccms to be, ace10 'l'''yy.. the pity which the accomplisbedSAint, wbo has found eyery thing, e\'oo re­ligion, to be rain nnd ('mpt)·, feels towardsI'll otber beings, in as fnr as ther arc stillsubject to error nnd mistnke, 0l'jl. to 5(!7IIS­

tlln-ta dmig3-jwi all,yill-':ie,UDd edt-fa dllli!Jli­IJai all!fl'li-,je the tender sympllthies calledforth by the sight of beings that arc reallysuffering llod of those def('Cti\'c in Olornlil)'- 1\ play upon em lIt)' IJhrases, in l\S Dluchns in the very nnrrative, from which thepnssAge abo\'e is quoted, tbe lItltUl"ll.1 soft­ness of Milarnspa is eviJentl)' excited byII w!ry positi\'e Cl\se, :md not by nny re­flexions of liD IIbstrllet ullture, - "mig-pa­11~ :1-pa" (v.b::6.J:m)C. dllno onl), iD thought,supP,J~ed, fictitious; (lllliya (alJ!S-edJ IJl:iM~

H(U forgetful of :~11 tile bellutiful fancies,schemes, Rnd nir)' notions; dlllig~_pa rtdd­lJa prob.: to direct one's tb.tught,o., falleies,la to l'ar. 189, 2. (where, 110 douht, )'tnd­na is to be relul); dmig,-ytd(l mental object,dllli!Jf-yldd bl"fil-bai I"1ldl-ob!Jo"-pa II S1\inttbat is free frum suciJ ohj~'Ct.~; ace. to ourL"lOa also = )·tlitl-IC q.v.; 1Imifl$-)'$JI J~.f.;

(&h.: 'M clear Dotion'), lJel'L. lllis~lll~lt fordmi!l,-badl exccIJtion frow a ..ule Gt'lllll,;

I.

II p:trticulilr mention, mnrking out, exclnp~

tion of II I'erson, in wlIR"i~terilll uroenl orenactments n~ - dlllig8-bu a hlind Ill.n',;leader D::i., {~.r _M';_A'l'id_p", - "vt-­dmig3 Mii, nnd c1sewh, lJulli-llmeDt. IIIthe Illst three e:ll'lmllies tbe etymologicalrelation_llip is not quite erident,:::~:r ~. dmu, rlllu 1\ kind of evil demon,~, ..... rarely men~ioned Lu,; r1/lu-,'!JOd

V\ild, angry, passionale; ",'ioleot fellow, nolsnfe to deal witll Mil.; dmu-lJl6 n wild, ii'll....('ible mindScl!.; hencedmws-b!Jililterrif)"ing,friJ;lltful Sch.; perIJ. also dmua-foil blind,bodily bl;lul, whil_l {Qil-ba mllY he alJpliedalso to spiritulI.l hlindnl'SS D::l., GIl', lindelsewlJ., and (imlt-,iI dropsy, e~I,.in the chestand in the belly Moo.; dllllt-aJ"l'all 8ch. linucdemn, tUIDOliI' filled with Willer.-S~"r dl~lill-]Ja darkened, obscurtd, bJo;'\ mI11l1)a·

~r:.r:r dmlll,-ba \'. od::ilm~p(l.

~~.::r dm(lI...ba v. 1Ilu,-..ba.~

~,~rr.;'C.· dmila-foli \'. dlllu.

~~·..::r dml-lHl \". 1'Uli-ba.

-W·.::r dm6d-pa I. vb, (3. to curse, accurse,""'I '1 execrale, dmdJ-pa b!Jid-l'aid. Tar.14.17. -II. sbsl. dmod-lJf.l D::i., dIllOd,GI,.,nnd elsewh., imprecation, execration, male­diction; Jmdd-mo id.; joined with iJlJr-bfl,od6r-lm, od::ug-pa, ~mo_ba: I. to curse, toexecrate, d,.ari-"·(/I;-gi~ dmod-JIO. Wr-bai lobi:tt-Yll.lfi~ the tweh'e )'CUI'S on Wllich II CUN'(!

Imd bccn pronounced Ly tile saint D:I. 2.10 swear, to confirm a tr<'llt)' b)" lin OAthGil'. 3. to pronounce a prayer 01' conjuration,lha-la to tbe dcit)" Gb', ~. to affirm, e,g.to sa)"' .Ihm-~ u· or the like, The word~eems to be neftrly related both to '11101'­11(1, lIud to alllon-p", bUI, Il1I expre.;:.;;l)" l>tAtedu)" the Lu.r., is 1I0t syuon. with t11('SC ,·('rLs.::~..r.:r dm!Jdl~ba I. vb. to cut up, to culIV into little pioces, lIle:lt at dinner

Dzl., " pun;~llIlIenl of hell D,:l. - II. ~b~t.

hell, Also $t1IU-t'<11I~JfII!pil·baj dmydl_bar.VI'lJ-ba to £0 lo hell, d,ll!JIil-lH. !Ji:o./)rgydd,I utt

424

dmyug-pa

the 18 regions of hell; fsa-dmydl the hot

hell, gran-dmydl the cold hell. dmydl-

ba-pa, -po, occupant of hell. -*nydl-wa-

cari* W. poor, miserable, wretched; also like

>_AJ.C Urd.,= my own little self, for T, in

humble speech.__.._.r .. dmyug

- pa Cs. to show, dmyug-

So dmyug-pa, dmyug-pa byed-pa to

show repeatedly, to boast. Yet cf. myug-pa.a rma wound B ,

C.;

rid - la rma byun I

was wounded; rma Jbyin-pa to wound,rma }'so-ba to heal a wound; rmai Ihd-ba

Sch. 'a wound growing worse'; yet cf. Ihd-

ba. rmd-fca \. the orifice or edges of a

wound. >. W. inst. of rma wound, *rul-li

fdm-te md-ti'a ton* he has been wounded

by the bite of a serpent. rma-cds Sch.

plaster, cataplasm, dressing, bandage. rma-

r)es Sch. scar, cicatrix. rma-rnyin an old

wound. -- rma-smdn, rma-rtsis medicine

or salve for a wound. rma-mfsan scar

Bhar. - rma-ro Sch. scurf, scab. rma-

su a festering, suppurating wound. rma-

sulscar. rma-srolSch. the act of wounding,

the wound received (?) rma-ysdl a fresh

wound.

," rmd-cu n.p., the river Hoangho Glr.

rma-cen v. rmd-bya.

rmd-ba, pf. rmas 1. to ask, obs., Lex.

2. to wound Dzl.

. . . rma-bya (vulgo often *mdb-ja*), TT^T-^peacock, living wild in India, an object

of superstition with Buddhists and Br;ih-

manists. rma-bya-cen-po n. of a deity

Dom.;rma - cen Wdk.

,

'one of the 5 tutelar deities of the Bud-

dhists';Sch. : rma-cen Obom-ra 'lord of the

yellow stream' (?).

- . rman, provinc. rmiii Glr. ground, foun-

dation, rman Odin- ba to lay a foun-

dation Glr.', rtsig-rmdn id.; rmdh-rdo foun-

dation-stone.

i p-nVy. rman- fser, sman- fser or -fsar

Sch. 1. pincers to pluck outhairs;

Cs. instrument for cleaning the nostrils.

2. Sch. rake (instrument).

rmug-pa

rmdh-lam Sch. = rmi-lam, of rare

occurrence.

x.r*rr rmdd-pa or rather usually: rmdd-

du byun-ba, rmad-byun wonderful,

marvelous, and no-mfsar-rmdd-du Ogyur-bato wonder, to be surprised at, fq.

" rmdn-pa Sch. wounded; rmds-pa v.

rmd-ba.

rmi-ba> pf- rmis, to dream; rmi-lam

resp. mndl-lam a dream, rmi-lam za-

zi a troubled dream Lt.;mi-bzaii-ba a por-

tentous, ill-boding dream S.g.; rmi-lam

mfoh-ba, rmi-ba to dream, rmi-lam-du rdl-

bar rmis-so he dreamt that he had been

torn to pieces Dzl.;rmi-lam-du Jbyun-ba

to appear in a dream Dzl.; rmi-lam brtdg-

pa Cs. to judge of dreams, bsdd-pa Cs. to

interpret dreams.

rmig-sga Sch. a saddle that may be

folded together.

rmfy~Pa I- hoof, rmig-pa Ka-brdg,

rmig-brdg Cs. a cloven hoof, mig-

pa-Ka-brdg-can cloven - footed; rmig

- zlum

an undivided hoof; rta-rmig a horse's hoof,

also name of a plant Wdn.; yydg-rmig a

yak's hoof; rmig-lcdgs horse-shoe 6s.; rmig-

(y)zer horse-shoe nail, hob-nail 6s. 2.

W. horse-shoe, gyab-ce to put on a horse-

shoe, to shoe.

rmig(s}-pa lizard, of a small kind

S-ff-

'

rmiii v. rman.

rmu v. dmu.

- rmu-ba Cs. 1. dullness, heaviness. -

2. fog. rmus-pa i. Cs. dull, heavy;

/./-.'. peevish, loath, listless. 2. foggy, gloomy,

dark, nam rmus-pa a dark night Dzl., cf.

rmugs-pa', covered with fog, yul, Dzl. -

rmu-fag 1. a cord to which little flags are

attached, on convents etc. 2. Glr. fol. 24,

sqq., here the word seems to denote some

supernatural means of communication be-

tween certain ancient kings and their an-

cestors dwelling among the gods.

P^ rmu9s)1 t bite, B. } C.,

2. to hurt, to sting, of bees etc. W.;

424~::~r~r dmg"fJ·]JlA

the 18 regions of hell; 6a.d7ll!lal the hothell, grail..Jmyal the cold hell. - dm!Jril­ba.pa, ~, .occullant of bell. - ·71!Jdl-wa.­can- W. poor, miserable, wretched; also like,-,,-,s Urd., - my own little self, for '1', inhu~b1e sllcech.~ttT::r dmgufJ· pa Gk to show, dmgug­~ dIllYU{J~, dlllyUg-pa byM-pa to

show repeatedly, to boasl Yat d. myIIY-pa.~. 1'11I0. wound Jj, C.; Iid-la rma byUl; I

WM wounded; rma ob!Jin.pa to wound,rma tW-M to heal l\ wound; r7llai lhd-ba&h. 'a wound growing worse'; yet cf.lha­w. - rma-fa 1. Ihe orifice or edges of l\

wouud..!. W; iust. of rma wound, ·rlil·li(dm·te md-~'a (tm - ho has been woundedby the bite of II serpent. - j·lIIa·cd8 &h.plaster, cataplasm, dressing, bandage. - ,'ma.­r)es &h. scar, cicatrix. - Ima.rn!Jili an oldwound. - l'/IIa·sman, r1IJa.rtsis medicineor ~alYe for a wound. - 7't1Ia.-m(san scarBhar. - rllla-ro &h. ~eurf, scub. - MIl(!­

iu " festering, suppurnting wound. - ''7110.­

~ubcar. - rnla·slYJlScll. the actof wounding,the wound received(?) - rma·tsdl a freshwound.

~-~- rmd·cu n.p., the ri,·er Hoangho GIl'.

~.~. IWI«-Cbl. ". rma-bgu.

~.::t. rmd-Im, pc. rmas I. to ask, obs., u~.2. to wound Dzl.

~'S' 1'IJl«-bga ("ulgo often -mab';aO), "'ll.'{'peacock, !i"ing wild in India, lUi object

of superstitioo wilb Buddhists and Br~h­

m!lDists. - rma-bya.een-po n. of a. deit)·Dom.; rma· lin Wd~". 1f{(~ WiU:'one of the 5 tutelar deities of the Bud·dhists'; &h.: rIIla-cen iH'JnH'u 'lord (If theyellow streum'(?).~~: I'mali, Ilro,'inc. 1'Iniil Gil.. ground, foun-

dation, 1'mUl; odl,; - ba to lIly a foun­dation Gir.; 1'/;lliO·''IIUM id.; 1'l'lla,;·I'{[o foun­dation-stone_~t::.'A.~. NlIali·o(ser, smali--i'ser or -(SUI'

&h. 1. pincers to pluck o#uthairs;Cs. instrument for cleaning the nostrils. ­2. &h. rake (instrumcnt).

#=,'r.4;j- f'md,j·lam Seh. - rm,f·lam, of rareoccurrence.

~-·tr rmu~pa or rather usually: "/lkid-""\ dll byilil.ba, rmad.b!l"iI wonllerful,

marvelous, and ,io-m(sar·!·lIlad-du ofI!Jitr-bato wonder, to be surprised at, fq.

~tr rmall.pa Sen. wounded; rmds-pa \'.rma-ba.

ll..::;r rmi.ba, Ilf. J'mis, to dream; rmi-l«mresp. lImtif..lam a dream, "mi-lalll ta.­

d a troubled dream lA.; mi..tJzait-ba a I,or·teotoU!!, ill-boding dream S.g.; "mi-lamm(o,i-b«, r'Jlli·ba to dream, 17I/i·lam-du ral­bar rmis-Jio he dreamt that !Ie haa bccntom to pieces Dzl.; rmi·lam·du obyun-bato lIJ1pear in a dream Dzl.; nnj.{am brtdg­po. C3. to judge of dreams, bJrid-pa G. tointerpret dreams.~rsr rmi.lJ.sga Sci,. a saddle that rna)' be

folded together.

~.:r rm{g-pa l. hoof, 171lig-pa fa.brrig,rmig-b"ag Cs. 1\ c1o~en hoof, lIIig­

pa.I.'«-brug.l:an clol'cn- footed; rmiy. zliUlI:\D. undivided hoof; ,·w...,.mig a horse's hoof,:llso name of a Illant Wdil.; ygUy-''l'I,ig ayak'li hoof; 1'7flig·lCdfJ3 horse-shoe Ct.; rnlig·(y)ur horse·shoe nail, hob·lluil G3. - 2.lV. horse·shoe, gyah-ec to put 00 l\ horse­shoe, to shoe.IFJ(~rtr ~1!J(s).pa lizard,of" li'wallkiod

S.!!.

1Ic- 1'mi,; v. rmali.

~. rmu v. dmu.~

~.::t. nllu-b« Ct.. 1. dullness, heaviness.­...., 2. fog. - rm'ls-pa l. G. dull, heavy;Lu. peeVish, loath, listless. 2. foggy, gloomy,dark, "am 1'1lt!is-p« a dark oight Dzl., d.1'llIugs-pa; covered with fog, yul, Dzl. ­nllu-(ag I. l\ cord to which little Bugs areattached, on convents etc. 2, GIl'. fol. 24,sqq., bere the word seems to denote somesupernatural mean~ of communication be­tween certain lUlcient kings andtheir an­cestors dwelling among the gods.~fT=r I'mug-pa, pf. rynugs, 1. to bite, B., C"...... - 2. to hurt, to sting, of uees ctc. W;;

rmugs-pa

425

rmyd-ba

to gall, the feet by friction of the shoes W.

3. to bark W.

z.aiTr*T rmugs-pa 1. a dense fog, KyimioeJM *M N .

.--I , i

N3 '

is coming on, Ottb Cs. id.; satis

has cleared away Cs.; rmugs-pa-can foggy ;

nam rmugs-pa Dzl. 33, 1 2, a dark, foggy

night (another reading : rmus-pa); Dzl.?&Q,

1 5, nyin-mtsdn-du yul rmugs-pa (rmus-pa),

covered with fog, wrapt in darkness. -

2. Sch. eyes heavy with sleep. 3. inertness,

languor, laziness Mil.; inert, languid, sluggish,

rmugs-par bytd-pa Dom.

r.X'zf 'wnun-po Cs. dull, heavy, stupid; zo

>o ^

rmun-po S.g. sour milk (?).

z.x/n* wmlr^a to griarland bite each other,

NS of dogs Lex.

]' rmus-pa v. rmu-ba.

rme-ba I. to be economizing, parsimo-

nious Lazr.;6sm- (/SeA. snW?) and ser-

rme-ba Lex. id.

II. also dme-ba and sme-ba 1. sbst. spot,

speck, mark, a natural mark, on a cane Mil.;

mole, mother-spot; *me-z6l'f W.mark of burn-

ing; a detestable sin, esp. murder; uncleanness

of food, rme-yfsan-med or yfsan-rme-med

making no difference as to clean or unclean

food Mil.-, rme-grib moral defilement; rme-

sa-can Wdn., *me-sa za-kan* W., eating un-

clean flesh, as an animal that devours its

own young. 2. adj., also rme-ba-can,rme-can Wdn., rmt-po Lex. unclean, defiled,

contaminated.

zj-x' rmd-ru, n.p. 1. mountain on the Chi-

nese frontier Glr. - - 2. a castle in

Lhasa Glr.

jfirq- rmeg-pa =ytan order, series, row Lea.,

rmeg-med-pa disordered, not regu-lated.

zV- rmed crupper, attached to a saddle, sgd-'

yi rmed Lexx.', gdn-rmed Pth.

rmed-pa I. also smtd-pa, pf. rmes,

to ask, dri-zin smed-par mdzdd-paid. resp. Mil. ; snyun-dri smed-pa Mil.

snyun-dri zu-ba. -- II. to plough and sow;rmed- du jug -pa to cause to be ploughedand sown, e.g. rice Dzl.

rmen-pa Lex.

Mil. and vulgo, gland, swelling of the

glands, wen.

fiOra* ijorrr rmJl-ba, smJl-ba 1 . to pluck

out, 6'., W.,Lex.,*.baL-2. to become threadbare W. -- 3. Sch. to

appoint, to call, to invite.

rmo-snags Sch. = smre-sndgs.

rmo-mo 1. Cs. = ma-ciin. 2. Sch.

grandmother.

rmd-ba, pf. and imp. rmos 1. to plough

(up), ziii frq.; to sow and plough in

Jbras Dzl.;ma rmds -pai lo-fdg 1 . a fabu-

lous kind of grain in the mythical age. >.

maize, C., W. rmd-po, rmd-mKan plough-man. 2. ^ydd-rmo-ba \. Ogy6d-pa.

rmog helmet Glr.; rmog-fsdns Cs. 'the

padding in a helmet'; Krab-rmog coat

of mail and helmet.

rmon-ba vb. and sbst., pf. rmons to

be obscured; obscurity, chiefly in a

spiritual sense; also adj. obscured, stultified

Stg. ;more frq. rmons-pa, e.g. bio, the mind

darkened, by false doctrine Thgy. ; by sor-

row, despondency,=

despairing, despon-

dent, unnerved Dzl.}with la or terrain., as

to, with regard to . . .;bio ma rmoris-pa, or

rmons-med Mil. a mind lively, unimpaired,

susceptible, la of; kun-tu-rmon as-cd-ba

an ample share of irrationality, the prin-

cipal obstacle to the happiness (ina-K6m-

pa) of those beings which are born as beasts;

rmdn-par (/yur-bato be obscured, darkened,

bytd-pa to obscure, to darken Glr.yalso:

to confound, perplex, deceive, = mgo skor-

ba Tar.;rm6n-bu Lex. without expl., Cs. :

'a kind of distemper'; rmdn-spu hair of the

abdomen and the pudenda, ra-tug rmon-

sptts lliog-pa jom S.g. the belly-hair of a

he-goat tends to heal cancer.

rmdd-pa Cs. to plough, rmod-gldn a

plough-ox; rmod-ldm Sch. furrow.

rmon-pa 1 . the act of ploughing ;nndn-

pa rgydb-pa to plough Cs. - - 2. a

plough-ox, rmon-dor a yoke of plough-oxen.

x.'^ rmyd-ba S.g. sickness, nausea, Kams-

Q rmyd Lex. id.

27*

to gall, the feet by frictioo of the shoes IV,- 3. to bark IV.

~~.~. ~"'"igl-~a 1. a dl!n~e fog, .Ilyim fog'" III commg 00, o(lb Ca. ,d.; 'all'hllS c1Cllred I\WIIY G.; r1l/u9"pa-~all foggy;lIam f"111119'-pa D::i. :(~o, 1'2, a dark, foggynight (II.nothcrreadin~: I'Imi'-pa); D::l. ,):::<0,

l~, lI!Jin-m(,an..Ju!JUt mlri.'l'-JXI (mlli'JXZ),covered with fog. wrnpt in darkness. ­2. &h. eyes heavy with sleep. - 3. inertness,languor, laziness Mil.; inert, languid, sluggish,"/mi9'-P<!1' b!JM-pa Dam.~,tf nm;n-po C•. dull, heavy, stupid i W'" rnINn-po S.g. sour milk (7).~·.'r mll;r-ba to gnarl and bite each other,'" of dogs Lu.

~~.:r rnlli'-pa \'. rlllu-oa.~

~',q' rmi-ba I. to be economizing, parsimo·nious Ltz.; inri,- (&h. ma'!) ann Mr­

rmt-ba Ltz. id. -II. also dml-ba and 'mi-ba 1. sbst. spot,

speck, mark, a natural mark, on a cnne Mil.;mole, mother-spot; ·mJ.zdl~ IV. mark of burn­ing; a detestable sifltesp. murder; uncleannessof food, rlllli'r(3ali-mea or rfsali-rme-mtdmaking no difference ILl to clean or uncleanfood Mil.; Nnt-fln'b moral defilement; NM­

ia-ran I~d,i., ·'me-!a ::a-kan· W:, eating un­clean fiesll, as an animal that devours itsown youog. - 2. adj., also rme-ua-fan,rmJ-can Wdti., rmI-po Lt:r. unclean, defiled,contaminated.

~.~. rme-T'U, D.p. I. mountain on the Chi­nese frontier Gll'. - 2. n. eastle in

Lhasa G{r.

jffr.:r T111£f}-pa - rtan order, series, row Ltz.,rmig-med-pa disordered, not regu­

lated.

ifi' mud crupper, attached to aSllddle"oa­vi r,nid Lux. j gdli-rm«l J'tJ..

ifi·.q· rmld-pa I. also 3mld-pa, pf. rmtll,to ask, d,.i_ziti 3med-par md:::dd-pa

id. resp. .Mil.; ,nyll.1l-dn· Jml!d-pa MiL ....3nyim-dri .M-ba. - II. to plough and sow;rmld-du Jug-pa w cause to be ploughedand sown, e.g. rice D::l.

~'.q' rnI!1d-ba

#pj.q' rmm-pa l.tz. rmbl--bu Lt" ia-t'minMil. IUld vulgo, gland,llI'clling of the

glrmds, wen.,ir..r,q' ~'t:l.f,q· rmll-ba, Imli-ba 1. to pluck

, out, C., IV., Lu., Y. bal. -2. to become threadbare lV. - 3. &h. toappoint, to call, 10 invite.

lf~~~' rmo-fliags &11. - .mre-.lidg•.

lf~ TmQ-mo 1. U. - too-eli,;. - 2. &h.grandmother.

;f,q. rmd-ba, pf. aod imp. MIlOt 1. fo plough(up), ziti frq.; to sow and plough in

"bra& D::l.j 11Ia t"llld4-pai f.t)...(6fJ L a fabu.lous kind of grain in the mytbiclli age. 1.maize, C., IV - rmd-po, rmo-mltan plough­man. - 2. 09y6d-rmJrba \'. ofJ!Idd-pa.~r TmOfJ helmet Gir.; rmoy-f,ali, OJ. 'the

padding in a helmet'; Ilrab-rmOfl cootof mml and helmet.;rc::=:r "moli-ua vb. tl.Dd sbst., pf. rmo,u to

be obscured; obscurity, chielly in ..spiritual sense; Illso adj. obscured, stultifiedStq.; more frq. rmolil-pa, e.g. bfo, the minddarkened, by false doctrine Tllfl!j.; by sor­row, despoudency, _ de;pairing, despon­dent, unnerved Dzt., with la or termin., III

to, with regard to ... j 010 >IIa rnu,l,i3_pa, orMlloil3-mld Mil.. n mind lircly, unimpaired,susceptible, la of; ktm-tu-nlUoj,; Ja&-li-oaan ample sbare of irrationality, the prin­cipal obstacle to the hl\ppiness (rna-lto'l"pa) of those beings which are born liS beasts;rmoti-par o!J'Jllr-bato be obscured, darkened,lnfld-pa to obscure, to darken Gir., also:to confound, perplex, deceil'e, - mgo ,lO,...ba Tar.; rmo,i-lm Lt.t. without exp!., £4.:'1\ kind of distemper' j ''11I(l!i-3PU IlPir of theabdomen and the pudendn, ra-fug nlWli­'pur lhog-pa Jam S.g. the belly-hair of ..be-goot tends to heal cancer.r ....q· Mlldd-pa G. to plough, MllOd--gldli a6>1\ plough.oI; MluxJ..ldm &11. furTtlw.

~.~.rmdn-pa 1. the act of ploughing; rmdn-po. rgydb-pa to plough W. - 2.•

plough-ox, 1'1I1(Jn'dOr a yoke of plough~Ien.!.I~' nnyd..JJa S.D. slckneSl, nausea, lamr-~ rmyd l--P. id.

2,'

426

"T rmydn-ba sman

p.q-ba to stretch one's self, to

stretch forward the neck; bya-rmydh byed-

pa id. Cs. also: to yawn.

5T sma v. dma.

beard Mil., smd-ra-can bearded.

1. a sort of medicine of an as-

tringent taste Med.', smdg-rgyu black

pepper. 2. dark; darkness; mun-pai smag-

rum id. G-lr.

*

sman-fser v. rman-fser.

jr- sraa, ^r\n;> * tne lower Part> PP- to

*J '

sfod] smdd-la downward Sch.; lus-kyi

smad the lower half of the human body,

frq.;smad Opyes-pa Sch. : 'to move the pos-

terior to and fro' (?). lus-smad-lna sd-la

ytug-pa to bring the five lower parts of the

body, the belly, the knees, and the points

of the feet in close contact with the ground,

i.e. to prostrate one's self; hence cos-gos

smad Ina Dzl. 92?, 16, the five lower pieces

of the priestly apparel, perh. breeches, stock-

ings and boots; the meaning, however, of

sems-smdd bco-brgydd Pth. I am not pre-

pared to settle 2. lowland = man-cdd.

- 3. low rank, v. smad-rigs below. 4.

with regard to time, the latter part, the second

half, ^rfT) f tne nignt>DZ

!"->f W inter

5f

life etc. 5. children, in relation to their

mother, gen. preceded by ma or bu, thus :

ned ma-smdd I and my mother Mil.; rgdn-

mo ma-smdd ysum the old woman with her

(two) sons, those three DzL; also of animals:

rgod-ma ma-smdd ynyis the mare and her

foal, the two Dzl.;bu-smdd (Cs. also mad)

wife and children, family; ndd-pa dei bu-

smdd Mil. the sick man's family; bu-smdd-

rnams (my) wife and children Mil.

Comp. smad- cal lewd ness, dissoluteness,

prostitution, byed-pa to indulge in, to prac-

tise Mil. smad- dogs a subscribed letter

Gram. smdd-fson-ma l

meretrix\ prosti-

tute, harlot, frq. smad-yyogs nether in-

teguments, breeches, trowsers Wdn.

smad-rigs common people, lower caste DzL

smdd-pa I. vb. 1. to bend down; to

hand, to reach down, the alms bowl

to a little boy DzL; (Sch. 'to stoop'?); ydon

smad \ pa to cast down one's eyes, to be

abashed, dejected Tar.; sems to humble

one's self, la before DzL, fugs id. resp.: to

be condescending, lowly, meek DzL 2. to

vilify,c. la or accus. : to blame, to chide, bu-

mo one's own daughter DzL, bddg-gi sems-

la to blame one's self Dzl ; to abuse, defame,

degrade, traduce, fsig ndr-pas Opdgs-pa-la

(to abuse) the venerable man with base

words DzL, dkon-mcog-gi dbu- pdn (to de-

grade) the highness of the excellent,= to

blaspheme; to despise, the doctrine Glr.; to

dishonour, violate, ravish, bu-moi lus a girl

Pth.', md-ga-dhanydms-smad-pai t'se Tar. 1 92

when (the country of) Magadha had been

brought low, had decayed in its prosperity;

smdd-pai fsig or nag abusive word, invective,

libel; smdd-ra (prop, sgra) id., more in the

language of the common people, but also

Mil.; smdd-ra ytdn-ba Mil., *tan-ce* W. to

abuse, to revile; smad-rigs common people.

II. sbst. blame, reproof, reproach, disgrace,

contempt.

tr. sman 1. medicine, physic, remedy, both

^ '

artificially prepared and crude: medi-

cinal herb, drug; rii sman Qfu-ba to gather

officinal plants on the mountains DzL; men-

la Odo* C.,

*man-la ca* W, (the plant) is

used as a medicine; sman sbyor-ba to prepare

a medicine, yton-ba to administer, zd-ba or

Ofun-ba to take (physic) ;different forms of

medicine are: fdn-gi sman liquid medicine,

infusion, decocture; pye-mai sman powder;

ril-bu pill; Ide-gu electuary, sirup; sman-

mdr oily medicine (Tar. 39, 8); sman-cdn

prob. alcoholic tincture; Obri-ta extract(?).

- Further: Kon-sman medicine taken in-

ternally, byug-sman used externally, un-

guent; Jbydr-sman plaster; bzi-sman sopori-

ferous potion; skyug-sman emetic; bsdl-

sman purgative. smdn-gyi bla, or smdn-

bla Glr. nnd Med.; Sch.: 'physician general',

yet to my knowledge it is never used in

that sense, but only as a go$ pr Buddha

of therapeutics; there are eight such gods,

<2'

£JC. ';::r £tE:;,'.::r rmydJi.lxJ,l·m!J~i1.ba -'~yhI­~.. ' I ~ bo. to stretch one's self, tostretch forward the neck; bya-rm!Jdit by«l­po ~~ C•. also: to yaWII.

If ,ma v. dma.

~Z\.md-rn beard Mil., ,,,,d-ro-tan bea:rMd.

_ag l. a IOrt of medicine of an u­iff tringeot taste Mtd.; .mdg-rgya blackpepper. - 2. dart; darknesSi mifB--pei '_g­rim id. Gir.

i:F'~' uaan-fab' v. nnali-.litr.

~... ""ad, ~, 1. the lower part, opp. to<HI "od; Imdd~ d01l'mnrd SeA.; Ua-J:yi'Irlad the lo.....er half of the human bod}',frq.; ""ad .ftyh-pa&A.: 'to ma,'e the po&"tenor to and fro' (1). - lllW,,~-bi1J ki-loyt;,g-pa to bring tbe fiTe IO"'er parts of thebody, the bell,., tbe knees, aDd the pointsof the feet in dose contact witb the grotmd,i. e. to prostrate one', selfj hence &.go.unadlita D:L ?~, 16, the 6\'c lower piecesof the priestly appan~ perh. breeebes,stock­iDgS IlDd boots; the meaning, howeyer. of~_mdd b~rgydd PtA. 1 am not pre­pared to settle - t. lowland - man-Md._ 3. low rank, v. m~flI bt-Iow. - 4.witb regard 10 lime, the lalter part, the secondhalf,~ of the night, D:l., of winter, oflife etc. - 5. childl'tn, in relation to theirmother, gen. preceded by ma or btl, thus:ritd ~mdd] nnd my mother Mil j rqdn­mo mCHmdd "um the old woman with ber(two) sons, those threeD::l.; also of animals:rgdd--ma ma..mdd rnyie tile mllre and herfoal, the two Dd.; blHmdd (C.. also mad)wife and children, family; ndd-pa dei bu­,mdd Mil. the sick man's familYi bu..mdd­mam.s (my) wife lind children Mil.

CPIJ1P. smad--olallewdness, dissoluteness,proftiwtion, bytd-pa w indulge in, to prll(}­tise Mil. - ,mad-odtJgs p subscribed letterGram. - ,mdJ,.(kln-11la 'ftltrrtriz', prosti­tute, harlot, frq. - ,mc.a..nldg, neth~r in­tegumell~l brteilbes, l{OYiSers Wdn. ­rmad-rigt common people, 19)1"!lr casto Dzl.

~-"r smdd-pa 1. vb. 1. to ,bend dOlWlj ..iHl hand, to reach dOWll, the alms bowlto a li~e boy J)::J..; (&A. 'to 6toop' ?); rdonsmdd pa to cast down one's eyes, to beabashed, dejeil\ed Tar.; It17II to bumbleone's self, la before D:l., (U9' id. resp.: •be condescending, lowly, meek p::l. - 2. tIvilify, c. la or accus.: kl blame, 10 dNde, biI·mil ono's own daughter D::l., bdtfg-gi';_la \0 blame one's self D::l j to abuse, delPle,degrade, traduce, 4ig tiar-pas jJdg.-pa-lA(to abuse) the venerable mRn WIth hue....ords D::l., dton.-MMg-gj dbv-.Jd;' (to de­gfJIde) the bighne5S of tbe eJ:ceUent, - toblupbeme; to despi$e, the doctrine GIr.; tIdishonour, YioIate, rarisll, bv-JnDi lw, a Rirll-'t1l.;md-ga-dAa nydms-s_d-pai '" Tar.t92when (lIle COUDW)' ol) Magadba had lleftlbrought 10....·, had demyed io illl prOf'perit)';,mOd·pai ";g or ftag abusive word, inYediN,libel; ,,"tid-rn (prop. '9"0) id., more in tbelanguage of the com ilion people, but alsoMil.; 'mOd-ra rtdit-ha MiL, -tail-ee- IV. to

abuse, 10 revile; nnad-rig, common people.Il.sbst. blame, repreol, reproac:k,diIpace,

.......pl~,{" '1M" L medicint, physk, remedy, bolhif'l artificially prepared und crude; metfi·cil\ll hem, ~ryg; rii ,man il.--ba to ""'lIthf'fof6cinal plants on the mountains Dd.; Wlln­la dQ- C., -man-la la- W, (the plant) isus:das amediciDe; '1Mn sby6r-ba to pfl'paT'ea medicine, rttlli-lJa to administer, z4-ba oriitli-ba to take (physic); different forms ofmedicine are; (dli-gi 'lI1an liquid medic.ine,infusion, decoeture ; pgl?mai '111011 powder;ril-bu pill; lde-gu electuary, sirup; .man­mar oily medicine (Tar. 39, 8); ,man-ld:Hprob. alcoholic tincture; obrl-tu estmct(.?)._ Further: 1'Qti-lman medicine takeD 10·

ternall)', b!JUg-nnan used eJ:ternaJly, u~­

guent; o0,ydr-ullm plaster; o::i..man IIPpon­ferous potion; sA:!Jug-sman emetic; oMZ­sman purgative. - smdn-gyi ~la, or 'man­bla Gir. nnd Med.; $ch.: 'physiciap gtnernl',yet to m)' knowledge it is oe\'er used inUJat sense, but only as III gO\i; ~r 5uqdi:l.of therapeutics; th~re are eighi su\:b god~

revered by students of medicine, nnd fre-

quently invoked in medicinal writings, as

\vrll as in medical practice, V. Sch I. p. 266

<i|<{. (snian-

</>//' lha (ilr., is prob. but a

misprint). Other compounds : sman-rhydl

medicine -bag, smaller or larger leather-

bags being the usual receptacles for the

commodities of grocers and the drugs of

physicians. smdn-fcan apothecary's shop.-sman-Kuy medicine-bag. sman-sgd a

kind of officinal ginger (?) S.g. sman-

wHtm medicine-box. sman-mcdd the best,

or a very superior medicine Pth. sman-

Ijons a country rich in medicinal plants.

sHititi-rfd the vehicle or substance in which

medicine is taken Med. sman-snod me-

dicine glass or vessel. smdn-pa physi-

cian DzL, Glr., Med. smdn-dpe medical

book. sman^dpydd v. dpydd-pa. sman-

bld v. above.

II. the same as, or something like klu

Glr., Mil.

III. Lex. = pan" Sch. also has: sman-

sems 'a beneficent mind, a mind intent on

working good'.

IV. incorr. for dman.

jx-n- smdr-ba 1. sbst, ready money, gen.

smar-rkydn; zon min smar money,and not goods Lex. 2. vb. careless and

incorr. pronunciation of smrd-ba.

smdl-po n. of a lunar mansion v.

rgyu-skdr.

snids-pa Sch., v. rmds-pa.

smig-ryyit rtliratje Lex. =

prob. also a reflection in water, cuf-

smig-bu lizard Sch., v. rmig(s)-pa.

smig- ma, provine, for smyug-macane, reed Do.

smin^dritg' 1. also'

skdr-ma-smin--

drug chif^?fatt. the Pleiades; smin-

dnig-zki-ba the month in which the moon

standing near the Pleiades is full, Oct. or

Nov., Glr.; smin-drug-bu, ^nf^^iT, the

son of Siva, god of war I^ejf^ 2. Pur.

Eremurus spectabilis, v. bre.

427

^mfn-bdun, vwu-bditft

the Great Bear, Urta

major.

smin-pa, I. (fqqm) to ripen, ripe-

ness. maturity; IHOMfV,|. ripe, Obrds-

bu smin-no B., smin son vulgo, the fruit

is ripe; smin-par Ogyur-ba Glr. smm f6h-

ba to ripen; the growing on to maturity

of an animal germ; also the 'stadium ma-

turation is', or the full development of a-

disease Med.; applied to conversion Pth.

and elsewh.; rgyud smin-ctn grdl-bar byiH-

gyis rlobs give them the benediction for

being saved (absorbed into Nirvana) after

having attained to maturity of mind Mil.;

smin-grol-la or smin-grol-gyi Idm-la <$6d-

pa to lead to conversion and salvation Glr. :

mam-par smin-pa v. mdm-pa. smin-grol-

glifi n. of a monastery Cs.

II. Bal. to give (sbyin-pa).

smin-ma eye-brOW, smin(-mai) dbrdg

Med., smin-prag Mil., smin-mf&am*

Glr. the space between the eye-brows.

smug- cun Med. a plant = smug-

J" smug-pa Sch. for rmugs-pa fog.

smug-po 1. sbst. a disease, ace. to

Cs. = Odu$-ndd, v. Odu-ba, \. 2.

adj. dark bay, cherry -brown, purple-brown;

*gya-mug* C. violet coloured; dmar-smugbrownish white Wdn. ; smug-smug Sch. dark

red. smug-rtsi 1. red colour, with which

sacrificial utensils are painted Lex. 2.

Macrotomia,a plant with dark-red rodt,u-< .i

for dyeing, smug-fsds paint or colour yielded

by this plant Cs.

k" sme-bdun v. smin-bdun.

' sme-ba 1. v. rme-ba. 2. rtsis-kyi

sme-ba Lex. a kind of arithmetical

figure in geomancy, which is used together

with the Chinese diagrams, spar-k'a Mil.

smo-ba, pf. and imp. smos, not frq.,

yet in some cases of constant use, for

xmr<l-b<t to say. miit-nas sm6-ba to call by

name, to name Do.; . . . zes smfa-pa the

assertion that ... Wdn.; gon-du smfa-paabove-mentioned Do. ; Ita ci smos v. Ita.

reftred by students of memcine, and fre-'quenlly im'oked in- medicinal writings, Mwell Mill llIedicnll'Mlctice, v. ScM. II. 266sqq. (.-Ina" - gyi llta Glr., is prob. but all1i~llrillt).- Other compounds: i1man-rAydlmediciue-bag, snH,ller or larger leather­bags beiug the usual receptacles for thecommodities of gl'Oters lllld thc drugs ofphysicians. - i1mdn-fali apothcclll'Y's shop.- man-lh<!I medicine-bng. - l1'/1lan...!$/d akiud of officinal ginger (?) 8.g. - Uk1l1­

JfJdlll medicine-box. -' '",!an-mCOd the best,or 1\' "cry su~riol' medicine Pth. - 'man­Qdli' a country rich in medicinal plants. ­rllwI..rtd thc vehicle or substAnce in wbichmediciDe i!l taken Mtd. - ,man-11m me­dicine glass 01' vC$l;el. .... rmdn~pa physi­cillli Dzl., Gi,.., Mtd. - nndn-dpe medicalbook. - nna,J-dl'ydd v. dpydd-pa. - tm(lll­

bid v. allove.II. the sawe as, or something like klu

Gir., Mil.111. Lu. _ pan; 8ch. also hns: ,man­

Wm 'a beneficeDt mind, ]l. mind intent onworking good'.

IV. incorr. for drnan.

tt::.:::r ,I/lur--ba l. sbst, ready money, gen.,mar-rkyan; zo,j min nllar money,

and not goods 1..A!J7. - 2. vb. clioreless' andincorr. pronunciation of rmrd-6o.

~'!"'~'::r nmil-p<J n. of fI. luonr mllDsion v.'

rgyu-lkd".

i:f~'.q' mull-po. Sell., v. rmda-pa.

~-"rmirJ-lWU mirage" L(;r. ...1tfU~;, ~ prob. also n'refleetionin water; Cur'­

/lrul-.mig.-rgyu.

~~ ,mig..bu lizard'Sell., v. rmig(,)-po.

tt~ ,mig-ma, provinc, for l'/1lyiig. WkJ'

c.e, reed Do.~",..~ nnm-dnfg 1. also'M:dNlla-1t1liu-­~ ~ drug' ",Nt..· tJte,' Pleialles; '1IIin.­d,'UfP'zwt-OO the month in ...·weh the mooDbtaudiQg Deal' the Pleiades is full, Oct. orNo\.... Gir.; Imi,..drug-M, 1Itfiltb, theson of Siva, god. of war u.r. """" 2. Pur.Eremurus spectabilis, v. brt.

major'.~'~"r .min-pa, I. (ffllll) to ripen, ripe­~ ness, maturity; most mI. ripe, "fwb­bu "IN·n·no lJ., l1uin 10ft vulgo, tbe fruit.is ripe; I1l1in-par o!}yirr.JJa Gil'. I1l1i" .dll­ba to ripen; the gro""'ing on to maturityof an aoimal germ; also tbe 'stadium rna­turntionis', or the full de"elopOlent of adisease Med.; npplied to' con\'er'sion Pth.nnd elsewh.; rflYUd .amin-lin ~bar bylli­9913 rloba give them the benediction for'beiog saved (absorbed into NirVAnA) afterIlavilig attained to maturity of mind Mil.;tltli1l-fl1'ol-la or .amin-grOl-gyi ldllt-b.! ..gOd­po to lead to cODveraion nnd sah-ation Gf,..;mam-pal' nnin-po. v. rnam-pa. - m1in-grOl­glin o. of a monastery u.

11. Bal. to give (.h~o).

~~~. ,min"'l'Ila eye·brow"mlne·mal) dbY'0!JMtd.• Wlin.-ftrog Mil., tmin-m('am,

Gil'. the space between the eye-brows.

~=t].~c:.' NTllug-l'wi Aled. a plaot - l1/1ug-..... 1tal (1).

~<:l']..q. lt7/l1ig-pa Seh. for rmuga-pa fog.

~'=f ,,?,ug-p<J 1. s?st. .n. di~casc, lloCC. to..... G,. - "dua-nod, ,. "du-ha, l. - 2.ndj. dark bay, cherry· brown, purple-brown;-!1YaAl1Ug" C. violet cclourcd; dmar--I1l1u9brownish white lVdti. ; ,mug-amw'!I &It. darkred. - rmug-rUi I. red colour, ""'ith whichsncrifici:\1 utensils are pllioted U;r. - 2,Ma.crotomia,ll. plMt with dlU'k-red root, used­for dyeinJ:t, ,mug-fadt pn.intor colonr yieldedby this· plant Ct.~~~~. ,nu-bdu~ v. 'mill-hdlin.

~::r':"'mUti 1. v. ",It·bo. - Z. rlIi.-AyiI1I1i-ba Ln. Il. kind of arithmetical

figure in geomancy, which il used togetherwith the Chinese dillgnujlil, .par--A'o MiL~.:r ,md-ba, pf. IUld imp. ntlOl, no~ frq.,·

yet in itOme Case6 of constant use, for,mr,l-ba 10 say, mili-na. '11W-ba to ~.II byname, to nfllrne Do.; .' . . 1'/, Itndt.ptl then.sscl'lion tht ... Wd>i.; fIOli-du IJIW,-pa

~[7-men~ncilDo.; lIa ~ ,moe v. lta.

428

smdd-pa

smdd-pa, pf. smad,Lex. t*frf v. smdd-** ]

'

pa, to blame, bdag stod yzan smod to

praise one's self, disparaging others; yzogs-

smdd byed-pa to slander, calumniate Thgy.;

to depreciate, to make contemptible, smod-

par Ogyur- bas Stg. because it would be

disreputable, would detract from his honour.

For smod- dztfg-pa it would prob. be better

to write dmod- dzug-pa.

smon-pa to wish, to desire, with la,

skyid-pa yzdn-la na mi smon for an-

other happiness I do not wish Mil.;more

frq. with terinin. of the infinitive, and then

= to pray for, rgydl-po skye-bar (to pray

for) being re-born as a king DzL', smon-

pa bzin-du byed-pa to fulfil a prayer DzL;

smdn-paiynas the object of a wish or prayer

6s.; yid-smon wish, desire, de fsur-sog-gi

yid-smon nd-la med I do not wish that he

should come Mil.; rin-po-nas Odi-lta-bur

yid-smon byed-par gyur-te having long agoentertained this wish Stg. ; yid-smon ^os

worth wishing, desirable; smon-jug a wish

and its accomplishment, smon- )ug ynyis',

smdn-lam, ufuj(\f, prayer, whether it be in

the general way of expressing a good wish

or offering a petition to the deity, or in the

specific Brahmanic-Buddhistic form, which

is always united with some condition or

asseveration, as: if such or such a thingbe true, then may . . ., wishing-prayer.

smon-(lam) ldg(-par) Odebs-pa to curse, to

execrate.

smon -mgrin or Odrin

comrade, companion, as-

sociate, grdgs-po Lex.

xrr- smyan? Sch.: smyan byed-pa to travel

^ ' on business; smyan -

byed bio - zan a

traveling clerk not very shrewd Bhar. 108;this would seem preferable to the Ssk. equi-

valent, mentioned in Schf.'s edition.

smydr-ba Sch. to stretch one's self,

after sleep.

or

gu thin cane, writing-

cane, reed-pen ;*doi nyi-gu* C. goose-quill,

*cdg-gi nyi-gu* C. steel-pen.

$f*T smyo-ba^

com.jJcn'&T

8mW " mai smyug -

H ' ma I. cane, bamboo,

smyug- mai sbubs tube of bamboo 6s. -

2. a pen of reed, jog -pa, W. *zdg-ce* to

make a reed-pen ; *di-nyug* id ,improp. also

lead-pencil.

Comp. smyug -Krog 6s., ace. to others,

smyug -sbrdg tube of bamboo; pen -case;

small churn, = gur-gur 6s. *nyug-Kyim*C. house constructed of bamboo. smyug-mKan a worker in cane 6s. smyug-sgdma chest made of reed 6s. smyug-gri pen-knife. smyug-lcdg flag, flag-stick; longbamboo 6s. *nyug-t'dl* C. a flat basket.

smyug-fogs writer 6s. smyug-don 6s.

=gur-gur. smyug-yddn m at of reed, cane-

mat. smyug-ydugs an umbrella made of

split reeds 6s. smyug-sder plate, dish or

flat basket, constructed of reed 6. *nyug-

tsd-me-tog* 6., Carthusian pink. smyug-

fsigs knot, node, joint, of reeds. *nyug-16m* 6. flat basket. smyug-bsdd comb

made of bamboo.

smyun-ba to fast, to observe a strict

diet Med. ; often in a religious sense,

smyun-bar byds-pa and ma byas-pa he who

has strictly observed fasting, and he who

has not Do.; smyun-ynds the fast, the act

Of fasting; *nyen-ne nyun-ne zum-ce* W. to

fast, to practise abstinence. V. Schl. 240.

smyur-ba to be quick, expeditious, in

a hurry, to hasten 6s. Cf. myur-ba.

f. 3rn* smyd-ba, myd-ba, pf. smyos,"**

myos to be insane, mad, ci-^an

mi drdn-par myds-so they lost their senses

and ran mad (with grief) DzL; smyos-samis she mad? DzL ; snyin myos-pas Do., being

deranged; *nyo dug* W. he is crazy; to be

mad, as dogs Schr.', to be intoxicated, smyd-bai Ku-ba intoxicating liquor DzL ; rtdg-tu

myds-pai fnas pot-houses, fuddling-places

Stg. ; fig. Odod-cdgs-kyis myos DzL he is madwith lust; smyd-bar byed-pa to make one

mad or drunk. smyo-byed 1. narcotic,

smyo-byed-kyi rdzas narcotic medicine, so-

poriferous potion, maddening drink. 2.smyo-

byed(-kyi) ydon a demon that causes a state

428

~.l;\'r 111Idd-pa, pi amad,Le.e.~ v. 817ldd·pa, 10 blame, bdag arod}'Zan "mcd to

praise one's self, disparaging others; rWga­trMd byld-pa to slander, calumniate TIt!IY.;to depreciate, 10 make contemptible, smOd­par o9!Jilr - haB Stg. beoouse it .....ould bedisreputable, would detract from his honour.For ,mod·oduig.pa it would prob. be bettel'to write dmod-od..~.

mo,,," 8m6n-pa to wish, to desire, with la,o 8kyid-pa r~dn-la hu ,"Ii smtm for an­

other happiness I do not wish Mil.; moreCrq. with termin. of the infinitive, and then_ w rray for, rgydl-po akyi-J>ar (to prayfor) being re-born as " king Dzl.; smOn­pa bZin-du byld-pa to fulfil a prayer Dzl.;8m~i yn'" the object of a wish or prayerCa.; yid-smQn wish, desire, de fliJr-iog-giyid-smoo 1id·[a med I do not wish that beshould come Mil.; rbi-po-nas odl-Ita-buryid-f11Um byed-par 9yur-W having long agoentertained this wish St9_; yid· rmon .08

worth wishing, desirable; I11IIJfl-Ju9 a wishand its accomplishment, amon-Jug rn}fi$;smdn-lam, 'RfiIrf\l', llrayer, whether it be inthe general way ot expressing a good wishor offering a petition to the deity, or in thespeeific Brahmanic-Buddhistic form, whichis always united with some condition orasseveration, as: if such or sueh a thingbe true, then may ..., wishing-prayer. _smon-(lam) 109(-par) odCbs-pa to curse, 10

execrate.

m'~~ or ~~ S1MlI - mgrin or odrincomrade, companion, as­

sociate, = yrOgs-po w.~~ smyan? 8ch.: smyan byMfa to travel~ 00 business; lWIyan - byed blo - zan atraveling clerk not yery shrewd Boor. 108;this would seem preferable to the Ssk. equi­valent, mentioned in &hf.'s editioo.~.1\·.::r $"Illydr - ba Sch. to stretch one's self,t1 after sleep.

I;)C"I)""I·, ~C"D""I· "n!jl(g)-gu, ""!JI'(g)-is ,,~ ..., flU thm cane, wMbng­cane, reed.pen; *1oi nyi-flU* C. gOOJe-quill,-cdg-gi nyi-flU- C. steel-pen.

~::Jf~', com. ~::tj"5f smylg - ma, smyU9­is 'i5 11W L cane, bamboo,SfflYUg - 11Wi shuN tube of bamboo Cs. ­2. a pen of reed, ,jOg-pa, w: ·zOg-ce- tomake a reed-peu; ·tj.i-nyitff id ,improp.1llsolead-pencil.

Compo smyug-EnJ9 Cs., acc. to others,smyug - sbrdg tube of blUllboo; pen-case;small churn,'" gur-gur Cs. - *n1fU9-liyim·C. house cODstrncted of bamboo. - smyilg­mEan a worker in Cllne Cs. - sm1fU9~dm

lL chest made of reed Cs. - smyug-!Jri pen­knife. - tmyug-Udg flag, flag-Slick; longbamboo Cs. - ·nyug-(dl'" C. n flat btlSket.- 1WI!fU9-(OgS writer Cs. - sm1JU9-&n C•._ gur-gur.-.m!fUfrfrhin mat of reed,cune­mal - smyug-ydilfp an umbrella made ofsplit reeds C•. - .m!JUg-8dl:r plate, dish orfiat basket, coustructed of reed C. - ·nyug­t&d.-me-Wy· c., Carthusian pink. - 311lyug­(slg' knot, node, joint, of reeds. - .1lyug­Mm* C. flat btlSket. - 3myug-bsod combmade of bamboo.~~'::l' S'lnyull-OO to fast, to observe a strict~ diet Moo.; often in a reJip;ious sense,lWIyuli-/xJr byd.s-pa and ma byaI-pa he whohas strictly obsen'ed fasting, aud he wbohas not Do.; smyu,i-ynd.3 the fast, the actof lasting; 'nym-lII: 71!;iJfi-n~ %Um-ce' W. tofast, It) practise abstinence. V. &hl. 240.tl~·.q· .myur-ba to be quick, expedltioU$, in~ a hurry, to hasten C8. Cf. fflyUr_ba.~!f ~.:::r smyo-ba, m!Jo-OO, pf. tmy<J3,~, myIJs to be insane, mad, Ci·~an'I1li dran-par my~ they lost their sensesand ran mad (with griet) Dd.; s'lny<l8-samis she road? Dzl.; myin my&s-pcu Do., beingderanged; ·nyo du9* IV. he is crazy; to bemad, as dogs &hr.; to be intoXicated, 3myiJ­bai Kit-ba intoxicating liqnor Dzl.; rfd.g-tu'lnydt-pai mas pot-bouses, fuddling-placesStg.; fig. odod-'ldgl-kyU m!JM Dzl. he is roadwith lust; VIly6-har byid-pa to make onemad or drunk. - 311lYO - byM I. narcotic,lWlyo-byM.-kyi rdzeu narcotic medicine, so­porifl'rous potion,maddening drink. 2.3myo­byeiJ(-kyi) ydlm a demon that causes a stale

439

J^T^T &myon-pa

of stupefaction or insanity. 3. frenzy, mad-

ness, i symb. num.: 13.

frn*smyon-pa insane, frantic, mad, t<i-</<i</-

pa nydn-pa a madman from Ladak;

yldn-po-be Dzl. a mad elephant, Kyi a mad

dog; *ny6n-pa bo dug* W. he raves, he is

stark mad; *<$o-nyon zug* W. he has been

st-i/ed with religious insanity, is deranged,

which is stated to be occasionally the effect

of severe and long continued meditation.

Cf. Ihon.

ta-krarbd-ka

smrd-ba^ sometimes f^ smd-6a, also

$mdr-ba, pf. swros, imp. smros 1. to

speak, to talk, smra ma nm-te Dzl.

growing dumb, speechless, not being able

to speak (physically); can mi smrd-bart/yur-

to they grew speechless, did not know what

to say Dzl. ;smra ses-nas mir gyur-to they

received the faculty of speech and became

men Glr.;bslu-bai rndm-pas fcyeu dan smrds-

te Dzl. speaking to the youth in a seductive

manner; fsig snydn-par smrd-ba Dzl. to

speak in a friendly way; cos smrd-ba to

preach, cos smrd-bai zdl-la ltd-ba to hangon the preacher's lips, to listen very atten-

tively Pth.; da ma smra zig Dzl. do not

lose another word; smra-mkas(-pa) speak-

ing shrewdly, well-spoken, eloquent Dzl.,

Glr.] smra- dod talkative, loquacious Cs.;

smra-nyuti sparing of words, taciturn, Lt.;

smra-bcdd forbearing to speak; not beingbound to speak Mil.; smra-mcog, smrd-

bai dban-pyug, smrd-bai rgydl-po-

)am~

dpdl] also to treat of, with reference to

books Was. 2. to say, mi-la to a person;when it precedes the words that are quotedas they were spoken, (the so-called 'oratio

obliqua' being very seldom mad*

one instance v. further on): (di-*kad-ce*)

smrds-pa or smrds-so; when placed after the

words spoken, (ces) smrds-so, smrds-te etc. ;

smrds-pa also is equivalent to he continued

Dzl.;sometimes it is used impersonally, it

is said, e.g. it is said in that letter, where

we should say, 'that letter says', Stg.; smrd-

rgyu ma byun-rio there remained nothingmore for him to say (v. above); rarely with

termin. inf. : ytug-par ni na mi smrao that

they will reach it, I do not pretend to say

Thgy. ; Ms-par smrd-ba to profess to know,to understand, like 'artem profiler? Dzl.;

dnds-por smrd-ba to acknowledge a thingin substance Was., mtd-par smrd-ba to denyit in sum and substance.

Note. The word which forms the sub-

ject of this article, though constantly to be

met with in books, seems to be hardly ever

used in conversational language.

5jr* Jyr- smran, smren Cs. word, speech;

f smran ysol-ba to beg the word,to beg leave to speak

sf.q.srnre-ba 1. = smrd-ba(?) 2. to wail,

J to lament Pth.;more com smre-sndgs

Od6n-pa to utter lamentations; smre-sndas-

kyi sgo-nas whining (with joy) Mil. smre-

ytsdnt

/ tsa, 1. the letter sounding ts; tenuis, as

in the words 'it got So cold', cf. however

cb fsa; o, <3b and R represent in Ssk. and

Hindi-words the palatals ^, j$ and ^ (5

=^j).

-- 2. num fig.: 17.

tswa Ld. spunk, German tinder.

tsa-k6r, Ssk. ^\\ partridge,=

srtg-pa.

^ .._. tsa-kra-bd-ka red goose, Anas ca-

sarca.

of stultefaction or in~:lnit)'. 3. frenzy, mad·nns. -1. 8ymb. Dum.; 13.

if~':f' .nlyrJtI-pa insane, frantic, mad, la-ddO­CI pll nyQ?l.pa ... madman from Lndtl.k;glari-po-~t Dzl. a mad elepllant, iyi a milddog; -1Iyo11.pa Co duf! W. he ril.\'CS, he isstark mad; .~.-ny<l7t :u{/ W. lie hM beenscilet! 'l\ilh religious insnni~y, is derllngcd,whie" is staled to be occnsionally the effectof severe and long continued ulediwtion.cr. MOli.

tf::f' '1IIr4-OO, sometillles~.::::l smd-ba,also

N.2\:::t .mdr-ba, pr. ,mms, imp. ,mroa 1. toCo1 speak, to talk, .mra 1»a nltt-te Dzl.growing dumb, speechless, not being ablero s['cak (physically); tali mi 'IIIrd-baryyiJI"to the)' grew spcechl("ss, did oot know \\·hatto say Dzl. j ,mra ae,-tlas mil' flYur-ro the)'rccei\'cd the faeully of sllcech and becamemeo Glr.jlnM-bai rndm...pm lfyeu dali I7l1rd3­it D::l. speaking to the youth In a seducti"emanner; fsig mydn_par .l1wd-ba D::l. to8pellk in a friendly way; los .mrd-ba topreach, ro. .mrO-bai zdl-la lW-ba to hnngon the preacher's Jip~, to listen \'ery atten­~i\'ely Pth.; da ma .mra zig D::l. do no~

lose :Inother word; .mra-IIl~'cu(-pa) speak­ing shrewdly, well-spoken, eloquent D::l.,Glr.; .mra - oddd talkative, loquacious Ca.;nnra~nyu,j sparing of words, taciturn, Lt.;smru-bcdd forbellrinp:; to speak; not beiogbound to speak Mil.; .mra-mrog, .mrd­bat dball-'llyUg, .mrd-bai rgyd.l-po = Jam-

;5 t.a. I. the letter sounding tsj tenuis, AS

in the words 'it ~ot so cold', cf. however£, f.a; ;5, a:; and e. represent in &k. andHindi-words the palatals "If, " and ~ (~

- q} - 2. num ug.: 17.

429

dpdl; also to treat 01, with referenu loltooks lVai. - 2. to say, mi-la to • perMn;when it precOOCii the words th..t lire quo~M they were spoken, (the 1iO-er.lled 'orslioobliqull' being very seldolll m.de use af,one illslllnce v. further on): (d{~ctl).mra.-pu or ,mru,-IO; wheo plated llfLer thewords spoken, (en) Imrdl-&o, lfllro.-k etc. ;,mrd.--pa nlso is equi\'nlenL lo he continuedDzl.; sometimes it is used imlM!rsoD"Uy, itis said, e.g. it is said in that lelLer, wherewe should SIlY, 'tbat leUcr says', SI{}.; I#wd­Tgyu rna byioj_ito there remained nothingmore for him to say (v. abo~e); rarely withtermin. in£.: rtug-par 1li lIa mi .mrao thatthey will reach it, I do not pretend to liarTllgy.; lJh-par .mra-ba lo profess to how,to underl;land, like 'arum profiUri' Dzl.;dlio.-por $m"o-ba lo ncknowledge a thingin substance tveu., ""td.-par ,mrd-ha to denyit in sum twd sultsmuce.

Note. The word whiell forms the sub­ject of this artich:, though consT.Antly to benlet with in ltooks, seems w be hardly everused in COll\'ClsatioDIlI language.~' k' ,mra,;, .mren C•. word, $peeeh;~ -, ':::j - smrari rJd1-ha to beg the word,to beg leave to speakir,::r l/llri-w 1. - $7111'U-ha(?) - 2. to wail,'::J to lament Pth.; more com ,mr.t-3lidg.oddn-pa to utter lamentations; nnrt-3lidg.­kyi '!fJ..ncu whioing (with jar) Mil. - nnre­

rUdIi?

i' tlwa Ld. spLlnk, German linder.•i·rtf.' tu - 1...0.., &l:. "Ifm partridge, -,rifJ-pa·

i"!f.:::j'·1T1. ua-kra-bd-ia red goon, Ana. ca-r.; .arca.