thursday week 1: physical computing theory and practice of...

Thursday Week 1: Physical Computing

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Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces

Physical ComputingIntroduction

week 01


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How the Computer Sees UsShall we take a better look at ourselves to see our full range of expression?

Illustration from O’Sullivan and Igoe


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Physical ComputingA conversation between the physical world and the virtual world of the computer.


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Input and Output


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Input and Output


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TransductionThe conversion of one form of energy into another

Arduino

Illustration adapted and modified from O’Sullivan and Igoe


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Transducers

output transducersActuators (e.g., motors, buzzers)

input transducerssensors (e.g., switches, levers, sliders, etc.)

Arduino



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Microcontrollers

output transducersActuators (e.g., motors, buzzers)

input transducerssensors (e.g., switches, levers, sliders, etc.)

Arduino



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Digital and AnalogDigital = “whether or not”

(Is the cat on the mat or not?)

Analog signal = “how much”

or “stronger”

“faster”

“brighter”

(How heavy is the cat that’s on the mat?)


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Word of Caution: Your Idea is Important1.

Don’t get trapped in technological seduction

2.

Don’t spin your wheels for so long that you give up your project. There might be an alternative way that makes things easier.

Work at a high level. Talk to us. Ask other people. Take frequent breaks.

From O’Sullivan and Igoe


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Working with ArduinoAn open-source electronics prototyping

Create interactive objects and environments


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What is ArduinoA tiny computer you can program, for rapid prototyping


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Arduino as an Interface Board


Arduino


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Arduino as an Interface Board


Arduino


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Arduino as an Embedded Computing Device


Arduino


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What is ArduinoRelatively cheap (compare with LEGO Mindstorm)

$250 ~$31


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What is ArduinoIt used to be a bit more complicated…

image from www.tangentsoft.net/elec/breadboard.html


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Open source, so you can build one yourself!


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Arduino Board Overview


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Arduino Board Overview•

8 kBytes

of Flash program memory•

1 kByte

of RAM•

12 MHz (Apple II: 1 MHz)


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13 digital input/output pins

•

5 analog input pins


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Arduino Board Overview


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USB to serial


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Arduino Software


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Arduino Software


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Arduino Programming Cycle

edit

upload

run verify


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edit

upload

run verify


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edit

upload

run verify


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edit

upload

run verify


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Watch your LED blink!

edit

upload

run verify


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Arduino ProgramProgram consists of 3 parts:

1. Declare

variables at top

2. Initialize

setup() –

run once at beginning, set pins

3. Run

loop() –

run repeatedly, after setup()


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Arduino LanguageLike C but easier

Example functions

•

pinMode() –

set a pin as input or output•

digitalWrite() –

set a digital pin high/low

•

digitalRead() –

read a digital pin’s state•

analogRead() –

read an analog pin•

analogWrite() –

write an “analog”

PWM value

•

delay() –

wait an amount of time


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Example (and many other examples at www.arduino.cc)


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Declare variables


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Initialize


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Run


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Arduino and Breadboard


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Arduino and Breadboard


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Solderless

Breadboard


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Solderless

Breadboard


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Solderless

Breadboard


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Circuits: Avoid ShortcutsElectricity always favors the path of least resistance to ground



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Circuits: Avoid ShortcutsElectricity always favors the path of least resistance to ground



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CircuitsAll the electrical energy in a circuit must be used



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LED•

LED = Light-Emitting Diode

•

Needs a “current limiting”

resistor, or burns out

Illustration from Tod

Kurt’s Spooky Projects


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Circuits SummaryAvoid deadly shortcuts

•

Flows to the lowest resistance•

All the electrical energy in a circuit must be used

When in doubt, talk to us, we can help

(Your Arduino has some fail safe, but in the worst case, you could fry your board [$31.00])


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Try to be NeatColor code:

•

Red: power•

Black: ground

Be consistent

Good Bad


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Be Careful


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Homework This Week•

Get the course lab kit

•

Download & install Arduino software (www.arduino.cc)

•

Make an LED blink

•

Create your course web account

•

Post the photo of your board and an optional comment on the course website


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Homework: Blinking LED

Resistorred, red, brown, gold

LED


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Homework looks like thisLEDShorter leg groundPolarity matters

220 ohm resistorred, red, brown, goldPolarity does not matter


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Course Kit


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Next ThursdayDon’t forget to bring your lab kit in

Do use the lab hour to catch up

Create your course account

Post your homework on the course website


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Thanks!

thursday week 1: physical computing theory and practice of...

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