thoughts on open
TRANSCRIPT
Thoughts on Open
David Wiley
@opencontent
http://lumenlearning.com/
Unless otherwise notedthis presentation is licensed CC BY 4.0
Talking to “My People”
“Permissionless Innovation”
Adam Thierer
“Democratizing Innovation”
Eric Von Hippel
Don't EVER make the mistake [of thinking] that you can design something better than what you get from ruthless massively parallel trial-and-error with a feedback cycle. That's giving your intelligence _much_ too much credit.
Linus Torvalds
Creator of Linux
Infrastructure and Innovation
Relatively inexpensiveBroad permissions
If Broadband Cost…
$500 / month?$5000 / month?
Does Amazon or Google exist?Do online courses exist?
If Broadcast Licenses…
were necessary to publish video?were necessary to publish text?
Does YouTube or Twitter exist?Do online courses exist?
thrives when the costs and obstacles to experimenting are low
Outcomes Assessments Resources Credentials
Education Infrastructure
Outcomes Assessments Resources Credentials
Relatively expensiveVery narrow permissions
Relatively Expensive
Only those with significant capital can afford to experiment
$0
$200
$400
$600
$800
$1,000
$1,200
$1,400
$1,600
$1,800
Tuition Textbooks
Annual Costs
$1288
$1666
Textbook Pricing in Context
Streaming Access to… Cost…
Netflix – 10k Movies and Episodes $7.99 / month
Hulu Plus – 45k Movies and Episodes $7.99 / month
CourseSmart – 1 Biology Textbook $19.67 / month
A Wizard of Earthsea
Studying from texts written in
disappearing ink
“Disappearing Ink” Strategies
Buyback, rental, e-books
online subscriptions
Very Narrow Permissions
ALL Rights Reserved
“You may not take any Online Course offered by Coursera or use any Statement of Accomplishment as part of any tuition-based or for-credit certification or program for any college, university, or other academic institution without the express written permission from Coursera. Such use of an Online Course or Statement of Accomplishment is a violation of these Terms of Use.”
Permissions are Critical
If I have seen further it is by standing on
the shoulders of giants.
Isaac Newton
All Rights Reserved Copyright
=Spiked
Shoulder Pads
Hiding Behind Fair Use and TEACH
Small-scale innovations must remain hidden and kept quiet
Outcomes Assessments Resources Credentials
Relatively expensiveVery narrow permissions
Trouble with Costs and Permissions?
OpenOutcomes
OpenAssessments
Open Educational Resources
Open Credentials
Open Education Infrastructure
OpenOutcomes
OpenAssessments
Open Educational Resources
Open Credentials
Open Education Infrastructure
Which “open”?
open ≈ free
free is assumed online
open = free + permissions
Open
1. Free and unfettered access
2. Perpetual, irrevocable 5R permissions
• Make and own a copyRetain
• Use in a wide range of waysReuse
• Adapt, modify, and improveRevise
• Combine two or moreRemix
• Share with othersRedistribute
The 5Rs
retain is fundamental
• Make and own a copyRetain
• Use in a wide range of waysReuse
• Adapt, modify, and improveRevise
• Combine two or moreRemix
• Share with othersRedistribute
The 5Rs
License Comments
No one can definitively say what “noncommercial” means, including Creative Commons
Creates license incompatibility issues with other openly licensed materials
Mandated by foundations and governments, adopted by modern projects
License Comments
No one can definitively say what “noncommercial” means, including Creative Commons
Creates license incompatibility issues with other openly licensed materials
Mandated by foundations and governments, adopted by modern projects
Open
1. Free and unfettered access
2. Perpetual, irrevocable 5R permissions
“Faux-pen”
1. Free (possibly gated) access
2. All rights reserved (or stronger)
Open
1. Democratizes innovation (Free)
2. Permits innovation (CC BY)
“Education enabled by the Internet”
©
CopyrightRegulates
Handwriting Printing Press Internet
Copying of a textbook
$1000s per copy
$1s per copy $0.0001s per copy
Distributing a textbook
$1000s per copy
$1s per copy $0.0001s per copy
TechEnables
LawForbids
traditionally © materials+ internet
openly licensed materials+ internet
TechEnables
OpenPermits
Open Is Worth Defending
And must be defended vigorously
64
Textbook Costs and Student Success
Outcomes
Six-year graduation rate for open access institutions
33%
Avg. annual textbook cost per college
student
$1,200
Costs growing
3x inflation
Cost
students go without textbooks due to cost
6 in 10
take fewer courses due to textbook cost
35%
Access
of community college students achieve credential goals
<50%
65
Internet, Textbook Costs, Student Success
Outcomes
Six-year graduation rate for open access institutions
?%
Avg. annual textbook cost per college
student
< $50
Costsdropping
Cost
students go without textbooks due to cost
0 in 10
take fewer courses due to textbook cost
0%
Access
of community college students achieve credential goals
?%
Project Kaleidoscope
Participants
• 4,909 treatment
• 11,818 control
• 50 undergraduate courses
• 130 teachers
• 8 institutions
Submitted to Computers & Education
Method
Quasi-experimental design with:
• Propensity Score Matching
• Dependent variables: Completion; C or Better; Credits Enrolled This Term; Next Term
• Independent variable: Textbook condition
• Covariates: age, gender, and race
Results
Increased:
• Completion (X2res = +2.9, -2.9)
• C or Better (X2res = -2.5, +2.7)
• Credits this term t(8101) = 27.81, p < .01
• Credits next term F(1, 6440) = 154.08, p <.01
Developmental Math
Published in Educause Review
From textbook and MyMathLab ($170)
To OER and MyOpenMath ($5)
73
% Completing with C or Better
48.4%
60.2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Spring 2011
No OER
Spring2013All OER
“Mad” “Glad”
“Sad” “Rad”
Co
st
Completing with C or Better
Student Success per Dollar
0 100%
$200
“Mad” “Glad”
“Sad” “Rad”
Co
st
Completing with C or Better
Pearson
Student Success per Dollar
0 100%
$200
“Mad” “Glad”
“Sad” “Rad”
Co
st
Completing with C or Better
Pearson
OER
Student Success per Dollar
0 100%
$200
Completing with C or Better
Student Success per Dollar
0 100%
0
50
100
150
200
250
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Co
st
$250
$0
Associates of Business
“Z Degree”
Graduate without ever buying a textbook
World’s first “all-OER” degree
~30% cheaper for students
When a student drops, it..
Slows down their graduation
Costs the institution tuition dollars
(refunds)
(182 * .89 * $164.35 * 3) in-state + (182 * .11 * $358.95 * 3) out-of-state = $101,042 annual INTRO
Submitted to EPAA
INTRO Model
impact.lumenlearning.com
OpenOutcomes
OpenAssessments
Open Educational Resources
Open Credentials
Open Education Infrastructure
What are we defending?
OpenOutcomes
OpenAssessments
Open Educational Resources
Open Credentials
Open Pedagogy
Open Sustainability / Business Models
Open Education Infrastructure
Open Pedagogy
The set of things you can do when outcomes, assessments, and resources are open that you cannot do otherwise.
PM4ID
PM4ID
“Open”Re-professionalizes Faculty (+IDs)
You are the experimenter
You are the innovator
You’re in control
(Stop abdicating to Pearson!)
Beware Closed Platforms
Has the vendor locked up the content so that it’s “teacher-proof”?
(Open” values local knowledge)
Beware Closed Platforms
Are there secret All Rights Reserved algorithms?
“Trust me, I’m from Knewton”
Humility and Wonder
Facilitate the unexpected
Enable serendipitous reciprocity
Do Unto Others
Add more value than you extract
Make it easier for the next guy
Own, Don’t Access
“Access” is a war on ownership of private property
If you can’t 5R it, you don’t own it
Proxy Selfishness
Be selfish on behalf of others
Maximize your potential to be useful
Empower yourself by empowering others
Gratitude
Pay it forward
Our moral obligation to one another
GREAT
So what do I do?
1. Openly License Your Syllabus
Including your learning outcomes
2. Replace Your Textbook
With open educational resources
3. Openly License Your Assessments
Performance assessments first
Test item banks next
Conversation
@opencontent
@LumenLearning
http://lumenlearning.com/