thomas patzak apc , university paris diderot paris 7

1T. Patzak, APC, University Paris Diderot, EuCARD 2nd Annual Meeting, 10 – 13 May 2011, Paris

Thomas PatzakAPC, University Paris Diderot Paris 7

Laguna Detectors at Fréjus

2

Laguna: Large Apparatus for Grand Unification and Neutrino AstrophysicsNew megaton class, multipurpose detectors will allow to study these fundamental questions

Supernova neutrinosDiffuse SN neutrinos

Atmospheric Neutrinos Solar neutrinos

Dark matter annihilationGeo-neutrinos...

Neutrino astronomy

Supernova 1987A 23

February 1987

Proton decayq13

CP-violation

Particle physics

3

Large Apparatus for Grand Unification and Neutrino Astrophysics

130 Km

630 Km

950 Km

2300 Km,

1050 KmBoulby mine

SUNLAB

Unirea Salt Mine

= CERN

CASO, 659 Km

7 canditate sites:• Boulby• Fréjus• Caso• LSC• Pyhäsalmi• Sunlab• IFIN-HH

... In a

1,7 M€ from EUPyhhäsalmi2008 - 2011

60 –

100

m

65 m

MEMPHYS

4

Laguna => very comprehensive evaluation of all sites, construction and costsLaguna => baselines from 130 km to 2300 km available in Europe = advantageLaguna => allowed to form a strong community in Europe (> 100 physicists and Ing.)Laguna => showed the need to evaluate constraints and costs for the detector options

New program: Laguna-LBNO

oLaguna-LBNO: evaluate costs for detector construction and long term running (> 30y)oLaguna-LBNO: investigates complementary beam options from CERNoLaguna-LBNO: deep study of physics potential for the combination detector/siteoLaguna-LBNO: strengthens the community even more: > 200 physicists

T. Patzak, APC, University Paris Diderot, EuCARD 2nd Annual Meeting, 10 – 13 May 2011, Paris

Focus on 3 options:

1. Shortest baseline (130 km), CERN -> Fréjus: no matter effects; clean measurement of LCPV2. Longest baseline (2300 km), CERN -> Pyhhäsalmi: matter effect; mass hirarchy, LCPV3. Existing CNGS beam (650 km), CERN -> Umbria

5

Geomechanical feasibility

• GLACIER, LENA and MEMPHYS option are all feasible at Fréjus site.

• The geomechanical feasibility remains valid also by a small change of the size of the excavation, both in the diameter and height of the cavern.

• The geomechanical conditions at Fréjus are well known and further investigations are basically not required. The safety tunnel under construction will provide further information.

• The support system proposed guarantees the long term stability and the absence of significant time dependent displacement of the cavity.

• The support system proposed has sufficient reserve to ensure the stability of the cavern in case of earthquake.


Tank feasibility and tank construction

• The solution with tank placed in contact with the rock mass is feasible at Fréjus site for LENA and MEMPHYS option. For GLACIER option an independent tank is preferable.

• The solution with tank placed in contact with the rock mass can save the amount of steel needed (7‘200 t for MEMPHYS option, 3‘600 t for LENA option).

• Both the solution with the insulation and without insulation are feasible at Fréjus site.

• In case of absence of water circulation in the rock mass, the solution without the insulation is preferable, from an economic point of view.


Glacier LENA Memphys

7

Drive in!

Easy access

Safety

The Lab

8

Studies towards a large scale Water Cherenkov detector in Europe

SuperKamiokande MEMPHYS

440 Kton fiducial mass22 Kton fiducial mass65 m

60 –

100

m


9

NEW optimized design with 2 cylinders!

http://www.apc.univ-paris7.fr/APC_CS/Experiences/MEMPHYS/Contact: [email protected]


http://www.apc.univ-paris7.fr/APC_CS/Experiences/MEMPHYS/

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MEMPHYS Physics channels@

“Golden channels”

PROTON DECAYH2O better then LAr, Scint.

SUPERNOVA COLLAPSE NEUTRINOS

Galactic SN: Huge statistics SN explosion mechanism: shock waves, neutronization burst Neutrino production parameters:

rate, spectra Neutrino properties

Fogl

i et a

l., h

ep-p

h/04

1204

6

DIFFUSE SUPERNOVA NEUTRINOS

by M. Nakahata

Evidence up to ~ 1Mpc

arXiv:hep-ex/0005046v1

Fogli et al. JCAP 0504:002,2005

ATMOSPHERIC, SOLAR (ES) NEUTRINOS


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MEMPHYSPhysics channels@ NEUTRINO

BEAMS130 Km CERN-LSMSUPER-BEAMS BETA-BEAMS

2nd LSM extension workshop - 16th Oct 2009

The main goals: search of a non-zero θ13 angle or its measurement; searching for possible leptonic CP violation; determining the mass hierarchy and the θ23 octant.

arXiv:hep-ph/0603172v3


EUROnu Review: 14th April 2011

Event Generator: GENIE for n beam new MEMPHYS Full GEANT4 Simulation (M. Fechner, J.E. Campagne, N.

Vassilopoulos) MEMPHYS Event Reconstruction, Analyses (N. Vassilopoulos,

A. Tonazzo, M. Marafini) Main task: evaluate detector performance, extract energy resolutions

and lepton efficiencies, calculate migration matrices

EUROnu-WP5: Water Cherenkov simulation

MEMPHYS GUI

MEMPHYS: interactive μ+500 MeV

From

Pau

l Sol

er, E

URON

u Re

view

, CER

N, 1

4 Ap

ril

2011


Momentum and angular resolution: similar to SuperK

EUROnu-WP5: Water Cherenkov resolution

e- μ+

e- μ+

Dp/p (%)

Angle (o)

From

Pau

l Sol

er, E

URON

u Re

view

, CER

N, 1

4 Ap

ril

2011

EUROnu-WP5: Water Cherenkov conclusions

New water Cherenkov simulation developed from scratch (N. Vassilopolous/A.Tonazzo) – consistent with SuperK

MEMPHYS detector performance:– Primary vertex reconstruction, ring direction– Excellent single-ring identification as e or μ (low stats)– Single-ring momentum and direction resolution: energy reconstruction – Detector optimisation: no light reduction when moving from 60mx65m

to 80mx65m detector (+27% FV): similar results are expected in event reconstruction.

Next steps:– Optimisation of vertex reconstruction, ring counting– Background: π0 for SB and single π+- for βB analyses– High statistical neutrino samples for migration matrices (in progress)– Volume vs. performance studies: more detailed

From

Pau

l Sol

er, E

URON

u Re

view

, CER

N, 1

4 Ap

ril

2011

16

Memphyno the R&D for Memphys

6,5 x 108 litres of water8 x 103 litres of water


17

~8t of water (+Gd?): 2x2x2m3 HDPE tank• Matrix of 16 PMTs and/or other photodetectors (e.g.: X-HPX)

• Muon hodoscope:• 2+2 planes of OPERA scintillator bars• 4 Pmt multi anodes (64 channels)

• Full test of the ‘‘electronic and acquisition’’ chain;

• Trigger threshold study• Self-trigger mode• Track reconstruction performances; • Gd doping: flexibility and performance.

TEST BENCH for photodetection and electronic solutions for LARGE detectors

• Hight number of light sensor: need grouped acquisition;

PMm2

Demonstrator:

- Common HV- Common readout

- Common signal digitization

http://pmm2.in2p3.fr

PARISROC


18

Jan. 2011

Liquid Scintillatorca. 50kt LAB

Inner Nylon Vesselradius: 13m

Buffer Regioninactive, Dr = 2mca. 20kt LAB

Steel Tank r = 15m, h = 100m

50,000 8‘‘-PMTsWinston conesoptical coverage: 30%

Electronics Halldome of 15m height

Top Muon Vetolimited streamer tubesvertical muon tracking

Water Cherenkov Veto3000 PMTs, Dr > 2mfast neutron shieldinclined muons

Egg-Shaped Cavernabout 105 m3

Rock Overburdenat least 4000 mwe

LENA detector layout


LENA Physics Program

Low Energy Physics Galactic SN neutrinos Diffuse Supernova neutrinos Solar neutrinos Geoneutrinos Reactor neutrinos Neutrino oscillometry Indirect dark matter search

GeV Physics Neutrino beam Atmospheric neutrinos Proton decay


A Beta-Beam to LENA at Modane?In LENA: High-energy particle tracking basedon Cherenkov-like scintillation light fronts.

Expected detector performance: nm selection based on delayed m-decay electrons: ne rejection > 99.96% (95%CL) for 85% nm acceptance

calorimetric energy measurement: e.g. DEn = 22 MeV at 400 MeV

rejection of p± backgrounds: work still in progress ...

no sensitivity estimate yet, but first results look promising!

Reconstructed energy [MeV]

true

neu

trin

o en

ergy

[MeV

]

22

Investigation of a mixed detector: Memphys + LENA:

Dedicated collaboration project between France and Germany (PICS N°5226-CNRS)


23

Conclusions• Fréjus can host all 3 proposed next generation neutrino detectors• Fréjus is the deepest lab proposed for Laguna detectors (4800 m.w.e.)• Fréjus has longstanding experience with LSM underground lab• Fréjus has excellent intellectual and logistic environment (central position in EU)• The rock quality is good and allows a save operation of the future lab for > 50 years• Close distance to CERN (130 km) allows clean CPV measurement• Memphys + b-beam -> covers largest phase-space before NF• Mass hierarchy will be addresses using atm. n ‘s– for free• Memphys is the mildest extrapolation from any existing detector (1 tank = 10 x SK)• Fréjus is 2nd choice for LENA du to reactor n background (give up on geo-neutrinos?)• Glacier can be hosted @ Fréjus, Glacier collaboration considers longer distance as priority to measure mass hierarchy via MSW

Great flexibility in Europe to choose the best combination Detector – Distance - Beam

b-beam is a unique European concept in the world competition and has the highest physics potential !


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Thank YOU !


25

Backup slides

26

GLACIER LENA MEMPHYS

Total mass 100 Kton 50 kton 500 Kton

p -> eπ0 in 10 y0.5 x 1035 y

ε = 45%, ~1 BG event

?1.2 x 1035 y


p -> ν K in 10 y1.1 x 1035 y


0.4 x 1035 yε = 65%, <1 BG

event

0.15 x 1035 yε = 8.6%, ~30 BG

events

SN cool off at 10 Kpc

38.500 (all flavors)(64.000 if NH-L

mixing)20.000 (all flavors) 194.000 (mostly νep-

>e+n)

Sn in Andromeda 7 - (12 if NH-L mixing) 4 events 40 events

SN burst at 10 Kpc 380 νe CC (flavor sensitive) ~ 30 events ~ 250 ν-e elastic

scattering

DSN 50 20-40 250 (2500 with Gd)

Atm. neutirnos ~1.100 events/y 5600/y 56.000 events/y

Solar neutrinos 324.000 events/y ? 91.250.000/y

Geo-neutirnos 0 ~ 3.000 events/y 0

Outstanding physics goals


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SPL: New horn design proposed by A. Longhin (CEA)http://indico.in2p3.fr/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=2455

b-beam

b-beam still better than SPL

EUROnu should give the answer which is the most realistic approach

New result from EUROnu:


High-statistics measurement of solar n‘sExpected event rates

events [/d] energy [MeV] pp: 40 (?) > 0.25 7Be: 104 > 0.25 pep: 280 > 0.8 CNO: 190 > 0.8 8B: 80 > 2.8

Physics Objectives precise measurement of the metallicity in the solar core determine Pee(E) in the matter- vacuum tranistion region search for time variations at sub-% amplitudes in the 7Be rate (helioseismic g-modes?)

Compared to Borexino: more target mass: 30-35 kt (x300) improved cosmic shielding (1/6 m-flux)

30

Preliminary results:

•All investigated sites can host large underground detectors•Large range of baselines available in Europe (130 km – 2300 km)•Costs for excavations well understood•Excavation costs are NOT the most important part•Need to investigate the costs for detector construction and long term running

Laguna-LBNO

31

Laguna-LBNO: Pan European Infrastructure for Large Apparatus Studying Grand Unification, Neutrino Astrophysics and

Long Baseline Neutrino Oscillations

New FP7 2010 proposal submitted 25/11/2010 to ECOver 100 participants: •Universities & nat. labs•CERN•Industrial partners

Focus on 3 options:

1. Shortest baseline (130 km), CERN -> Fréjus: no matter effects; clean measurement of LCPV2. Longest baseline (2300 km), CERN -> Pyhhäsalmi: matter effect; mass hirarchy, LPCV3. Existing CNGS beam (650 km), CERN -> Umbria

32

Laguna DS (funded by EU):

2008 – 2011

July 2010: down-select sites

Laguna-LBNO: detector design (costing), beams, physics:

2008 – 2011

Excavation:2015 – 2020

Detector constructio

n2020 – 2025

Critical Decision:

2014 ?

2008 LAGUNA - Schedule 2025

33

- The FRÉJUS site (at the French/Italian border) :

- is the deepest in Europe (4800 mwe)

- existing scientific activities (LSM)

- GLACIER, LENA and MEMPHYS options are all possible from the geo-mechanical point of view (optimal type of rock) at this depth

- independent horizontal access via the safety tunnel (f = 8m)

- the long-distance access is optimal by highways, TGVs and airports

- the distance from CERN (130 Km) is OK (even if not fully optimized) for a Q13 and CP-Violation strategy with a “short” long-baseline

- strong support from the local authorities


Light attenuation vs l (nm):– L~100 m (similar to SuperK)

Task 3: Water Cherenkov single rings

Electrons

• 65mX60m

Photoelectrons/MeV: ~10 for electrons, <8 for muons

Electrons: e-

Muons: m+


θpeak = 420

θedge θedge > θpeak

d2PE(θ) / d2 (θ) = 0

Electron ring primary vertex fit– Based on PMT timing:

ti PMT = ti + TOFi TOFi = (n / c) x D

– Maximize estimator E: E=-ln GP

Task 3: Water Cherenkov single rings

--

i

iP

ttN

G 2

20

)5.1(2)(exp1

Electron direction: 400 MeV e-

Fit estimator

e- vertexRandom point

-

-

i i

ii

OPOPqd

0

00


Use angular distribution from best reconstructed vertex and best direction as fast Particle Identification (PID) variable– Different shapes in PE angular distribution for vertex and direction– Number PEs vs PMT distance to the best vertex and direction – Spread electron rings sharper than muon rings

Task 3: Water Cherenkov PID

e- μ+

PIDPID

dPE(θ)/d (θ) dPE(θ)/d (θ)

θpeak= 420

θmean= 440

θpeak= 400

θmean= 370


Neutrino energy:

Task 3: Water Cherenkov n energy

e- μ+

νμ

νμ

νμ

Non-QEL

Migration matrix:

QEL

thomas patzak apc , university paris diderot paris 7

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