thokth fo'ofo|ky;] xokfy;j fokku lukrd f=okhz; ikb~;Øe. iii.pdf · 2011-05-19 · b. sc. part...

thokth fo'ofo|ky;] Xokfy;j foKku Lukrd

f=o"khZ; ikB~;Øe

1- foKku Lukrd dh mikf/k ds fy;s v/;;u ikB~;Øe rhu o"kksZ dh vof/k dk gksxk vkSj

rhuksa Hkkxksa dk cuk gksxk] ;Fkk

1- Hkkx &1 ch-,l&lh- iwoZ O;olkf;d ,oa ch-,l&lh izkjfEHkd

2- Hkkx &2

3- Hkkx &3

3- izR;sd Hkkx ds vUr esa fo'ofo|ky; dh ijh{kk gksaxh rFkk blds igys fd vH;kFkhZ dh

foKku Lukrd ¼ch-,l&lh-½ dh mikf/k dh izkfIr ds fy;s ;ksX; le>k tkos mls izR;sd

ijh{kk dks izFkdu mRrh.kZ djuk gksxkA

3- lEcfU/kr v/;kns'k ds micU/kksa ds v/khu jgrs gq,] ijh{kk vf/k;kstuk ikB~;Øe ,oa ikB~;

iqLrdsa ;fn v/;kns'k }kjk izofjr fdlh ijh{kk esa lEcfU/kr fdlh fo"k; ds fy,

fu/kkZfjr vFkok vuq'kaflr dksbZ ,slh iqLrd gks rFkk 'krsZ ftu ij Nk= dks fdlh ,slh

ijh{kk esa izos'k fn;k tk; lEcfU/kr v/;;u e.Myksa ,oa foKku ladk;ksa dh vuq'kalkvksa

vkSj fopkj dj fo|k ifj"kn~ }kjk fufeZr micU/kksa rFkk fofu;eksa ds vuqlkj gksxhA

4- ¼v½ ch- ,l&lh- Hkkx 1 vH;kfFkZ;ksa dks nks Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tk;sxkA

¼1½ ch-,l&lh- izkjfEHkd ,oa ¼2½ ch- ,l&lh- ¼iwoZ O;olkf;d½

5- ch-,l-lh- ds ikB~;Øe dk Lo:i fuEukuqlkj jgsxkA

¼v½ vk/kkj ikB~;Øe &

blds vUrZxr fuEufyf[kr iz'u&i= gksaxsA

izFke iz'u&i= % lkekU; psrukbZA

f}rh; iz'u&i= % fgUnh Hkk"kkA

r`rh; iz'u&i= vaxzsth Hkk"kkA

¼c½ v/kksfufnZ"V fo"k;ksa esa ls fdUgha rhu dks ysuk gksxkA

1- xf.kr

2- HkkSfrdh

3- jlk;u

4- tSfodh

5- lkaf[;dh

6- ouLifrdh

7- izk.kh foKku

8- HkkSfrdh

9- lSU; foKku

10- x`g foKku

11- vFkZ 'kkL=

12- Hkwxksy

6- tc rd fdlh vH;kFkhZ us foKku vFkok rduhdh lewg dks ysdj gk;j lsds.Mjh ijh{kk

¼nl /ku nks iz.kkyh½ bUVjehfM,V ijh{kk vFkok dksbZ ,slh ijh{kk ftls foKku Lukrd

mikf/k ikB~;Øe esa izos'k ds fy;s vgZrk&iznk;h ekU; fd;k x;k gks] dks ysdj ikl ugha

fd;k gks] mls bl ikB~;Øe ds fy;s vuqefr ugha nh tk;sxhA gk;j lsds.Mjh ¼nl /ku nks

iz.kkyh½ bUVj&ehfM,V ijh{kk foKku lewg ls mŸkh.kZ vH;kFkhZ dks ch-,l&lh- Hkkx izFke esa

izos'k dks ik=rk ugha gksxhA

7- ijh{kk ls lEcfU/kr v/;kns'k esa lekfo"V micU/kksa ds iz;kstu ds fy, fu;fer v/;;u

ikB~;Øe ls vfHkizsr gS&izFke o"kZ f}rh; o"kZ ,oa r`rh; o"kZ ds vUr eas vk;ksftr lEcfU/kr

ijh{kkvksa ds fy;s izR;sd fo"k; ds f'k{k.k ikB~;Øe ds fy, iznŸk O;k[;kuksa esa de ls de

fipRrj izfr'kr mifLFkfr rFkk mu fo"k;ksa dh n'kk esa tgkWa fd izk;ksfxd dk;Z fu/kkZfjr gS]

,sls dk;Z dk fipRrj izfr'kr iwjk gksuk] tcfd nksuksa n'kkvksa esa ijh{kk ds 'kq: gksus ds

izFke fnu ls 15 fnu igys rd dh mifLFkfr laxfBr dh xbZ gksA

8- xf.kr ,oa vFkZ'kkL= dks NksM+dj- ch-,l&lh Hkkx 1 ] Hkkx&2] Hkkx&3 ds fy, ijh{kk;sa

vkaf'kdr% izk;ksfxd }kjk gksxhA xf.kr ,oa vFkZ 'kkL= esa iz'u&i=ksa }kjk gh ijh{kk;sa gksxhA

9- ftl fo"k; esa ijh{kk;sa nksuks lS)kafrd izk;ksfxd :i esa gksxh mlesa vH;kFkhZ dks nksuksa esa

vyx&vyx ikl gksuk gksxkA

10- tgka rd lEHko gksxk izR;sd o"kZ vxLr flrEcj esa iwjd ijh{kk mu vH;kfFkZ;ksa ds fy,

ftudks iwjd ijh{kk dh ik=rk ?kksf"kr dh tkosxh ds fy, vk;ksftr gksxhA mu lHkh Nk=ksa

dks tks fd iwjd ijh{kk esa cSBus ds bPNqd gksa] vko';d Qhl ds lkFk v/;kns'k esa

fufnZ"Vkuqlkj vkosnu djuk gksxkA iwjd ijh{kk esa cSBus okys vH;kfFkZ;ksa ds ijh{kk ifj.kke

v/;kns'k ds micU/kksa ds vuqlkj ?kksf"kr fd, tk;saxsA

11- tks vH;kFkhZ iwjd ijh{kk esa cSBus dh ik=rk j[krs gSa mUgsa fdlh fo'ofo|ky; v/;kiu

foHkkx v/;;u dsUnz v/;;u 'kkyk ;k egkfo|ky; dh nwljh mPprj d{kk esa izos'k fn;k

tk ldsxk rFkk muds iwjd ijh{kk esa lQy gks tkus ij mudh mPprj d{kk dks

mifLFkfr dks fxuk tk;sxk ;fn vH;kFkhZ ijh{kk esa vlQy gS rks muds mPPrj d{kk ds

izos'k dks fujLr dj fn;k tk;sxk rFkk vH;kFkhZ dks fupyh d{kk esa mrkj fn;k tk;sxkA

12- ,sls vH;kFkhZ dks iwjd ijh{kk esa cSBu dh ik=rk gksxh tks fd ch-,l&lh ijh{kk ds ,d ls

vf/kd fo"k; vFkok lewg ess tSlk Hkh gks vuqŸkh.kZ u gks vkSj tks v/;kns'k ds micU/kksa ds

vuqlkj iwjd ijh{kk es cSBus ds fy, ik= ?kksf"kr fd, x, gSaA

13- ,sls iwjd ijh{kk ds fo"k; dh n'kk esa ftlesa izk;ksfxd ijh{kk Hkh gks vH;kFkhZ dks dsoy

fyf[kr iz'u&i=ksa esa gh cSBuk gksxk ;fn og eq[; ijh{kk esa iz;ksfxd esa mŸkh.kZ gks rFkk

mls dsoy izk;ksfxd esa gh cSBuk gksxk] ;fn og fyf[kr iz'u&i=ksa esa mŸkh.kZ gksA ml

vH;kFkhZ dks tks fyf[kr vkSj izk;ksfxd nksuksa esa vuqŸkhZ.kZ gksxk] mls fo"k; ds nkuksa Hkkxksa esa

ijh{kk nsuh gksxhA

14- lEcfU/kr v/;kns'k esa vU;Fkk micfU/kr ds flok; dksbZ Hkh vH;kFkhZ ftls iwjd ijh{kk ds

fy, ik= ?kksf"kr fd;k gS iwjd ijh{kk vH;kFkhZ ds :i esa] ml ijh{kk ds rqjUr ckn dh nks

ijh{kkvksa esa ftlesa mls ik= ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k gS cSB ldrk gSA vkSj blds ckn dh ijh{kk

esa mls lHkh iz'u&i=ksa esa cSBuk gksxkA

15- lEcfU/kr v/;kns'k esa vU;Fkk micfU/kr ds flok; iwjd ijh{kk esa cSBus okys fdlh vH;kFkhZ

dks ml ijh{kk esa mŸkh.kZ fd;k tk;sxk ;fn og fo"k; vFkok lewg tSlk Hkh gks U;wure

mŸkhZ.kZad izkIr djrk gSA ,sls vH;kFkhZ }kjk fo"k; vFkok lewg esa ftrus Hkh vad izkIr fd;sa

tkosxs os Js.kh fu/kkZj.k ds fy, tksM+s tkosaxsA

16- ;fn dksbZ vH;kFkhZ Hkkx 1 o 2 ,oa 3 ijh{kk ds izR;sd fo"k; esa vko';d U;wure mŸkh.kkZad

izkIr djrk gS] rks mls mŸkh.kZ ?kksf"kr fd;k tkosxkA

B. Sc. Part III

2004-2005

S. Subject Paper Max Min No. Marks Pass Marks 1 Foundation I Hindi Language 75 150 50 Course II English Language 75 2. Physics I Mechanics and 50 Relativity II Wave and classical 100 33 Electrodynamics 50 & Physical Oplics III Practical 50 17 3. Chemistry I Physical Chemistry 34 II Inorganic Chemsitry 33 100 33 III Organic Chemsitry 33 Practical 50 17 4 Botany I Paper 50 II Paper 50 100 33 III Practical 50 17 5. Zoology I Invertebrates 50 Classification struture and Functions 100 33 II Cvtogenetry Ecology 50 and Microbiology Biostatistics III Practical Practical 50 17 Work 6. Geology I Geodymacies & Geomorphology 50 II Crystallography 100 33 & mainoralogy 50 17 7. Mathematics I Discrete 50 II Calculus 50 150 60 III Vector Calculus 50 & Geometry 8. Statistics I Statistical Methods 50 II Probability and 50 100 33 Distributions

III Practical 50 17 9. Geography I. Physical Basic 50 of Geography II Human and 100 33 Economic Geog. 50 III Practical work 50 17 10. Mil sc. I. Indian Military History 50 II Military Organization 100 33 and Adminsitraiton 50 III Practical 50 17

ch- ,l&lh- r`rh; o"kZ

fgUnh Hkk"kk

¼ch-,-]ch-,l&lh-] ch-,p-,l&lh-] ch- dkWe-] f}rh; o"kZ ds iqujhf{kr ,dhd`r vk/kkj ikB~;Øe ,oa ikB~;

lkexzh dk la;kstu % 2000&2001 ls ykxw½

¼lEizs"k.k dkS'ky] fgUnh Hkk"kk vkSj lkekU; Kku&2½

izFke iz'u i=

iw.kk±d 75

vk/kkj ikB~;Øe dh lajpuk vkSj vfuok;Z ikB~; iqLrd fgUnh Hkk"kk ,oa lelkef;dh dk la;kstu bl

rjg fd;k x;k gS fd lkekU; Kku dh fo"k; oLrq fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh leL;kvksa ds ek/;e] vk/kkj vkSj

lkFk&lkFk fgUnh Hkk"kk dk Kku vkSj mlesa lEizs"k.k] dkS'ky vftZr fd;k tk ldsA blh iz;kstu ls O;kdj.k dh

vUroZLrq dks fofo/k fo/kkvksa dh ladfyr jpukvksa vkSj lkekU; Kku dh ikB~; lkexzh ds lkFk vUrqxqZfeQr fd;k

x;k gSA v/;;u&v/;kiu ds fy;s iwjh iqLrd dh ikB~; lkexzh gS vkSj vH;kl ds fy;s foLr`r iz'ukoyh gSA

;g iz'u i= Hkk"kk dk gSA vr% ikB~; lkexzh dk O;k[;kRed ;k vkykspukRed v/;;u visf{kr ugha gSA

ikB~;Øe vkSj ikB~; lkexzh dk la;kstu fuEufyf[kr ikWp bdkbZ;ksa esa fd;k tkrk gSA izR;sd bdkbZ nks Hkkxksa esa

foHkDr gksaxhA

bdkbZ &,d ¼d½ Hkkjr ekrk % lqfe=kuUnu iar] ij'kqjke dh izfrKk %

jkeèkkjh flag fnudj] cgqr cM+k loky % eksgu jkds'k] laLd`fr

vkSj jk"Vªh; ,dhdj.k % ;ksxs'k vVyA

¼[k½ dFku dh 'kSfy;kW % jpukxr mnkgj.k vkSj iz;ksx

bdkbZ&nks ¼d½ fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh leL;k;sa] fodklkRed iqu%

fopkj vkSj izkS|ksfxdh ,oa uxjhdj.kA

¼[k½ fofHkUu lajpuk;sa

bdkbZ&rhu ¼d½ vk/kqfud rduhfd lH;rk dks i;kZoj.k] iznw"k.k rFkk

/kkj.kh; fooj.kA

¼[k½ dk;kZy;hu i= ,oa vkys[k

bdkbZ&pkj ¼d½ tula[;k % Hkkjr ds lanHkZ esa vkSj xjhch rFkk

cSjkstxkjhA

¼[k½ vuqokn

bdkbZ&ikap ¼d½ ÅtkZ vkSj 'kfDrekurk dk vFkZ'kkL=A

¼[k½ ?kVukvksa] lekjksgksa vkfn dk izfrosnu vkSj fofHkUu

izdkj ds fue=a.k&i=A

ewY;kadu ;kstuk & izR;sd bdkbZ ls ,d&,d iz'u iwNk tk;sxkA izR;sd iz'u esa ekufodh fodYi

gksxkA izR;sd iz'u ds 15 vad gksaxsA izR;sd bdkbZ nks&nks [k.Mksa ¼Øe'k% d vkSj [k esa½ foHkDr gS] blfy;s

izR;sd iz'u ds fy;s nks Hkkx ¼Øe'k% d vkSj [k esa ½ gksaxsA ^^d** vFkkZr ikB ,oa lkekU; Kku ls lac) iz'u ds

vad 8 ,oa ^^[k** vFkkZr Hkk"kk ,oa lEizs"k.k dkS'ky ls lac) iz'u ds vad 7 gksaxsA bl izdkj iwjs iz'ui= ds

iw.kk±d 75 gksaxsA

Foundation Course III English Language

B.A. / B. SC. / B. COM. / B. SC. (HOME SC.) - III Paper -II

Marks :75

The questions paper for B.A./ B. Sc./ B. Com./ B. Sc. (Home Sc.) - III Foundation Course, English Language and General awareness shall comprise the following items.

UNIT-1 Essaay types answer in about 200 words. Four essay / type question to be asked and two to be attempied.

UNIT-2 The is writing skills for composition - Essay Writing.

UNIT-3 Precis writing.

UNIT-4 Reading Comprelhension of an unseen passage. Vocabulary based on text.

UNIT-5 Grammar Advanced Exercises.

Note : Questions on unit I and IV (b) shall be asked from the prescribed text. Which will comprise of popular creat writing and the following items ?

Mimimum needs- housing and Transport, Geo-economics profile of MP communication education and culture Women and Warm-in-D................ Improvement, Management of Change, Physical Quality of life, War and human survival the question of human social value, New Economics Philosophy (Recent Liberalization Methods) Democratic Decontralisation (with reference to 73, 74 constitutional) Amendment.

The text book shall be sponsored by the M.P. Higher Education Department and published the M.P. Hindi Granth, Academy.

B.A. / B. Sc. / B. Com. / B. Sc. (Home Sc.) - III Paper - III (2007-08 ls ykxw )

Basics of Computer And Information Technology

lS)kfUrd & 40

ifj;kstuk ewY;kadu ¼vkUrfjd½ & 10

B.Sc. - III Botany Paper -I

Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Max. Marks : 50

Unit -I Plant-water relations : Importance of water to plant life; physical properties of water; diffusion and osmosis; absorption, transport of water and transpiration; physiology of stomata.

Mineral nutrition : Essential macro-and micro-elements and their role; mineral uptake; deficiency and toxicity symptoms.

Transport of organic substance : Mechanism of phloem transport; source-sink relationship; factors affecting translocation.

Unit-2 Photosyntehsis: Significance; historical aspects; photosynthetic pigments; action spectra and enhancement effects; concept of two photosystems; Z-scheme; photophosphorylation; Cavin cycle; C4 pathway; CAM plants; photorespiration.

Nitrogen and lipid metabolism : Biology of nitrogen fixation; importance of nitrate reductase and its regulation; ammonium assimilation; structure and function of lipids; fatty acid biosynthesis; B-oxidation; saturated and unsaturated fatty acids; storated and unsaturated fatty acids; storage and mobilization of fatty acids.

Unit-3 Repiration : ATP - the biological energy currency; aerobic and anaerobic respiration; Kreb's cycle; electron transport mechanism (chemi-osmotic theory); redox potential; oxidative : Phosphorylation; pentose phosphate pathway.

Basics of enzymology : Discovery and nomenclature; characeteristics of enzymes; concept of lholenzyme, apoenzyme, coenzyme andcofactors; regulation of enzyme activity; mechanism of action.

Unit-4 Growth and development : Definitions; phases of growth and development; kinetics of growth; seed dormancy, seed germination and factors of their regulation; plant movements; the concept of photoperiodism; physilogy of flowring; florigen concept; biological clocks; physiology of senescence, fruit ripening, plant hormones - auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid and ethylene, history of their discovery, biosynthesis and mechanism of action; Photomorphogenesis; phytochromes and cryptochromes, their discovery, physiological role and mechanism of action.

Unit-5 Genetic engineering : Tools and techniques of recombinant DNA technology; cloning vectors; genomic and eDNA library; transposable elements; techniques of gene mapping and chromosome walking. Role of enzymes in genetic engineering.

Biotechnology : Functional definition; basic aspects of plant tissue culture; cellular totipotency, differentiation and morphogenesis; biology of Agrobacterium, vectors for gene delivery and marker genes; salient achievements in crop botechnology.

B. Sc. - III Botany Paper- II

Ecology and Utilizaiton of Plants Ecology

Time :3 Hrs. Marks 50 Unit-1 Ecosystems : Structure : abiotic and biotic components; food chain, food web, ecological

Pyramids, energy flow; biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus.

Morphologicla, anatomical and Physiological responses of plants to water (hydrophytes and xerophytes), temperature (thermoperiodicity and vernalizaiton), light (photoperiodism, helioophytes and sciophytes) and salinity.

Unit-2 Population ecology : Growth curves; ecotypes; ecads.

Community ecology : Community characteristics, frequency, density, cover, life forms, biological spectrum; ecological succession.

Unit-3 Plants and environment : Atmosphere (gaseous composition), water (properties of water cycle), light (global radiation, photosynthetically active radiation), temperature, soil (development, soil profiles, physico-chemical properties), and biotic factors.

Unit-4 Phytogeographical regions of India :

Vegetation types of India : Forests and grasslands. with special reference to M.P. National parks of Madhya Pradesh

UTILIZAITON OF PLANTS

Unit-5 Food Plants : Rice, wheat, maize, potato, sugarcane. Fibres : Cotton and jute.

Vegetable oils : Groundnut, mustard and conconut.

General account of Sources of firewood, timber and bamboos.

Spices : Genral accont.

Medicinal plants : General accounts

Beverages : Tea and coffee.

Rubber.

SUGGESTED READINGS (FOR ECOLOGY)

Odum, E. P. 1983. Basic Ecology, Saunders, Philadelphia.

Kormondy, E. J. 1996. Concepts of Ecology. Prentice - Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

Mackenzie, A et al. 1999. Instant Notes in Ecology. Viva books Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

Suggested Readings (for Utilizaiton of Plants)

Kocchar, S. L. 1998. Economic Botany in Tropics, 2'd edition. Macmillan India Ltd., New Delhi.

Sambamurthy, A.V.S.S. and Subramanyam, N. S. 1989. A text book of Economic Botany! Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi.

Sharma, O.P. 1996 Hill's Economic Botany (Late Dr. A. F.; Hill adapted by O.P. Sharma). Tata McGraw Hill Co. Ltd., New Delhi.

Simpson. B. B. and Conner - Ogorzaly, M. 1986. Economic Botany - Plants in Our World.

McGraw Hill, New Yourk.

Ambasht R. S. Plant Ecology.

Champion and Seth 1968. Forests of India - classification - F.R.I. Publication.

Doubermire : Plant and environment

Puri G. S. : Indian forest Ecology

Sagareya K.P. : Forest and Forestry

Pandhi - Indian Forestry

Suggested Laboratory Exercises (Ecology)

Idenfication of Local Flora -

1. To determine minimum number of quadrats reqired for reliable estimate of biomass in grasslands.

2. To study the frequency of herbaceous species in grassland and to compare the frequency distribution with Raunkair's Standard Frequency Diagram.

3. To estimate importance vaue index for grassland species on the basis of relative frequency, relative density and relative biomass in protected and grazed grassland.

4. To measure the vegetation cover of grassland through point frame method.

5. To measure the aboveground plant biomassi n a grassland.

6. To determine Kemp's constant for dicot and monocot leaves and to estimate the leaf area index of a grassland community.

7. To determine diversity indices (richness, Simpson, Shannon- Wiener)in grazed and protected grassland.

8. To estimate bulk density and porosity of grassland and wooldand soils.

9. To determine moisture content and water holding capacity of grassland and woodland soil.

10. To study the vegetation structure throught profile diagram.

11. To estimate transparency, pH and temperature of different water bodies.

12. To measure dissolved oxygen content in polluted and unpolluted water samples.

13. To estimate salinity of different water samples.

14. To determine the percent leaf area injury of different leaf samples collected around polluted sites.

15. To estimate dust holding capacity of the leaves of different plant species.

Suggested Laboratory Exercises (Ecology)

1. To determine minimum number of quadrats reqired for reliable estimate of biomass in grasslands.

2. To study the frequency of herbaceous species in grassland and to compare the frequency distribution with Raunkair's Standard Frequency Diagram.

3. To estimate importance vaue index for grassland species on the basis of relative frequency, relative density and relative biomass in protected and grazed grassland.

4. To measure the vegetation cover of grassland through point frame method.

5. To measure the aboveground plant biomassi n a grassland.

6. To determine Kemp's constant for dicot and monocot leaves and to estimate the leaf area index of a grassland community.

7. To determine diversity indices (richness, Simpson, Shannon- Wiener)in grazed and protected grassland.

8. To estimate bulk density and porosity of grassland and wooldand soils.

9. To determine moisture content and water holding capacity of grassland and woodland soil.

10. To study the vegetation structure throught profile diagram.

11. To estimate transparency, pH and temperature of different water bodies.

12. To measure dissolved oxygen content in polluted and unpolluted water samples.

13. To estimate salinity of different water samples.

14. To determine the percent leaf area injury of different leaf samples collected around polluted sites.

15. To estimate dust holding capacity of the leaves of different plant species

Suggested Readings (for laboratory exercises in Ecology)

Ii Krebs. C. J. 1989 Ecological Method OIO9Y. H~rper and Row, New York USA.

Ludwig, J. a. and Reynolds, J. F. 1988 Statistical Ecology. Wiley, New York.

Moore, P. W. and Chapman, S. B. 1986. Methods in Plant Ecology. Blackwell Scientific Publications.

Misra, R. 1968 Ecology Work Book. Oxford &IBH, New Delhi.

APHA - Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water. American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C.

Suggested Laboratory Exercises (For Utilization of Plants)

1. Food Plants : Study of the morphology, structure and simple microchemical tests of the food storing tissues in rice, wheat, maize, potato and sugarcane. Microscopic examination of starch in tehse plants (excepting sugarcane).

2. Fibres : Study of cotton flowers, sectioning of the cotton ovules/ developing seeds to trace the origin and development of cotton fibers. Microscopic study of cotton and test for cellulose. Sectioning and staining of jute stem to show the location and development of fibres. Microscipic structure. Tests for lignocellulose.

3. Vegetable Oils : Study of hand sections of groundnut, mustard and coconut and staining of oil droplets by Sudan III and Sudan Black.

4. Field Visits: To study sources of firewood (10 plants), timber-yelding trees (10 trees) and bamboos. A list to be prepared mentioning special features.

5. Spices : Examine black pepper, cloves, cinnamon (hand sections) and opened fruits of cardamom and describe them briefly.

6. Preparation of an illustrated inventory of 10 medicinal plants used in indigenous systems of medicine or allopathy : Write their botanical and common names, pars used and diseases/ disorders for which they are prescribed.

7. Beverages : Section boild coffee beans and tea leaves to study the characteristic strcutural features.

8. Rubber : Collect illustrative materials of Hevea brasiliensis : morphology of the plant attapping practices, history of rubber. List the many uses of rubber.

Suggested Readings (for laboratory exercises for Utilization of plants).

Kocchar, S. L. 2000. Economic Botany of the Tropics. Macmillan India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi Council of Scientific & Industrial Research 1986. The Useful Plants of India. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi.

Pimental D. and Hall, C.W. (Eds) 1989 Food and Natural Resources. Academic Press, London - New York.

Sharma. D. P. 1996 Hilrs Economic Botany - Tata McGraw Hill Co. Ltd., New Delhi.

Swaminathan M. s. and Kocchar, S. L. (Eds) 1989. Plants and Society. Macmillan Publications Ltd., London

B. Sc. III Scheme of Botany Practical

Max. Marks 50 Time : 04Hours

Ex.1 Exercise based on plant physiology experiement 10

Ex.2 Biochemical test 05

Ex. 3 Exercise based on Ecological experiement or soil

analysis 10

Ex.4 Spotting based on Economic Botany 10

Ex.5 Viva- Voce 05

Ex.6 Proejct Work 05

Ex.7 Sessional 05

ch-,l-lh-r`rh; o"kZ

izFke iz'u i=

ikB~;Øe 5 & ikni dkf;Zdh] tSo jlk;u rFkk tSo rduhdh

vf/kdre vad 50 le; & 03 ?k.Vs

bdkbZ 1 ty ikni laca/k & ikni thou esa ty dk egRo] ty ds HkkSfrd xq.k] folj.k rFkk ijklj.k]

vo'kks"k.k&jlkjksg.k rFkk mRLosnu] jU/kzks dh dkf;Zdh

[kfut iks"k.k & vko';d nh?kZ ,oa lw{e rRo rFkk mudk egRo] [kfut vo'kks"k.k ] deh rFkk fo"kSyk

izHkko ds y{k.k

dkCkZfud rRoksa dk vkjksgj.k & ¶yks,e vkjksg.k dh fØ;k fof/k] L=ksr flad laca/k] [kfut vkjksg.k dks

izHkkfor djus okys rRoA

bdkbZ 2 izdk'k la'ys"k.k & egRo bfrgkfld fooj.k] izdk'k la'ys"k.k esa iz;qDr vo;o] fØ;k pØ rFkk o`f)

izHkko] nks izdk'kh vfHkfØ;kvksa dh vo/kkj.kk] tsM&Ldhe] izdk'k QkLQhdj.k] dsfYou pØ] C4-iFk] lh,,e ikS/ks] izdk'kh'olu

ukbVªkstu rFkk fyfiM mikip; & ukbVªkstu LFkjhdj.k dh tSfodh] ukbVªsV vodj.k dk egRo rFkk

fu;eu] veksfu;e la'ys"k.k] fyfiM dh lajpuk ,oa dk;Z] olk vEyksa dk tSfod la'ys"k.k] chVk

vkWDlhdj.k] lar`Ri ,oa vlar`Ir olk vEy] olk vEyksa dk lap; ,oa LFkkukUrj.kA

bdkbZ 3 'olu & ,-Vh-ih- tSfod mtkZ L=ksr] vkWDlh rFkk vukDWlh 'olu] dsCl pØ] bysDVªku LFkkukUrj.k

fØ;kfof/k ¼jlk;u &ijklj.k fl)kar½ jsMkWDl mtkZ] vkWDlh QkLQhdj.k] isUVkst & QkWLQsV iFkA

fodjksa dk ewy fl)kar & [kkst ,oa ukedj.k] fodj dh fo'ks"krk,W] iw.kZfodj] ,iks,Utkbe] lg,Utkbe

¼fodj½] lgdkjd dh vo/kkj.kk] fodj izfrfØ;k dk fu;eu rFkk dk;Zfof/k

bdkbZ &4 o`f) ,oa fodkl & ifjHkk"kk] o`f) ,oa fodkl dh izkoLFkkW,] o`f) dh dkf;Zdh] ¶yksjhtu

vo/kkj.kk] tSfod ?kM+h] th.kZrk dh vo/kkj.kk] Qyksa dk iduk] o`f) gkekZsu] vkWDlhu] ftcjfyu]

lkbVksdkbfuu] ,Clhfld vEy rFkk bFkhyhu] [kkst dk bfrgkl] tSfod la'ys"k.k rFkk dk;Z dh fØ;k

fofèk izdk'k vkdkfjdh ,dkUrj.k] QkbVksØkse] fØIVksØkse dh [kkst] dkf;Zdh Hkwfedk rFkk dk;Zfof/kA

bdkbZ 5 vuqokaf'kdh izkS/kksfxdh & iqu;kZsftr Mh-,u-,- rduhdh ds vkStkj ,oa izfof/k] Dyksfuax lfn'k] lathu

rFkk lh-Mh-,u-,- laxzg] ifjorZu'khy rRo] thu ekufp=.k ,oa xq.klw= xeu dh izfof/k] thu izkS/kksfxdh

esa fodjksa dh HkwfedkA

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tSo rduhdh dh fof'k"V miyfC/k;kWA

ch-,l-lh- r`rh; o"kZ

f)rh; iz'u i=

ikfjfLFkfrdh ,oa ikniksa dk mi;ksx

vf/kdre vad &50 le; &03 ?k.Vs

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fijkfeM] mtkZizokg] dkcZu] ukbVªkstu ,oa QkLQksjl ds tSo&Hkw&jklk;fud pØA

ty dk ikniksa dh vkd`fr] 'kkjhfjd lajpuk ,oa dkf;Zdh ij izHkko] ¼tyksn~fHkn~ ,oa e:n~fHkn~½ rkieku

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bdkbZ 2 lef"V ikfjfLFkfrdh & o`f) oØ] ikfjiz:i] bdsMA

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ikfjfLFkfrd vuqØe.kA

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izdk'k la'ys"k.k fØ;k esa iz;qDRk fofdj.k ½] rkieku] e`nk ¼fodkl] e`nk ifjPNsfndk] HkkSfrd ,oa

jklk;fud xq.k½ ,oa tSfod dkjdA

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e/;izns'k ds jk"Vªh; m|kuA

bdkbZ 5 ikniks dk mi;ksx

HkksT; inkFkZ & pkoy] xsagwW] eDdk] vkyw] xUuk

js'ks & dikl ,oa twV

okuLifrd rsy& ewaxQyh] ljlksa ,oa ukfj;yA

elkys & lkekU; ifjp;A

vkS"k/kh; ikS/ks & lkekU; ifjp;A

is; inkFkZ & pk;] dkQhA

jcj

B.Sc. Part - III Zoology Paper - I

Applied Zoology

Time 3 hrs. M.M. : 50

Unit : I Aqua culture :

1. Definition, scope and significance of aquaculture.

2. Prawn Culture.

3. Pearl Culture.

4. Edible Oyster Culture.

5. Frog Culture 12 periods

Unit : II Pisciculture

1. General account of freshwater edible fishes.

2. Carp culture.

3. Maintenance of aquarium.

4. Plankton and their role in fisheries.

5. Elementary knowledge of poly-culture. 12 periods

Economic Entomology

General account of :-

1. Sericulture.

2. Apiculrture.

3. Lac Culture.

4. Common pests of oil seeds, vegetables and stored grains.

5. Biological control of insect-pests. 13 periods

Unit IV Toxicology

1. Toxicology : Basic concept.

2. Toxicity testing LC50, LD50 acute and chronic toxicity.

3. Heavy metal toxicity (mercury, cadmium and lead).

4. Pesticides and their toxicological effects.

5. Occupational health hazards and their contro. 12 periods

Unit : V Lab techniques

1. Study of pH meter and chromatography.

2. Microtomy.

3. Preparation of fixatives, stains and regents.

4. Museum keeping - preservation and skeleton prepartion,

taxidermy. 12 periods

B.Sc. Part - III Zoology Paper - II

Environment Biology and Evolution (Year 2004-2005)

Time : 3 hrs. MM : 50

Unit I Basic concept of ecology 1. Concept of Ecosystem - Biotic and Abiotic factors, energy flow in ecosystem - food chain and food web. 2. Biogeochemical cycles of CO2, N and P.

3. Population concept - characteristics of population, 4. Community concept - Succession, periodicities, indicators.

Unit II Habitat Ecology Characteristics of the following habitats :- 1. Fresh water 2. Terrestrial 3. Marine 4. Ecological divisions of India 5. Natural resources and their conservation

Unit III Man and Environment : 1. Wild life conservation and sanctuaries of Madhya Pradesh. 2. Environmental degradation and pollution. 3. Pesticide, metal, thermal and noise pollution. 4. Global warming, green house effect and radiation ecology. 5. Urbanization and effects of human population on environment. Unit IV Origin of life Evolution 1. Origin of life - Theories and concepts. 2. History of evolutionary thought :- Lamarckism and Darwinism, NeoDawinism 3. Natural Selection - Basic concept of variation , mutation, isolation and speciation 4. Adaptation and mimicry 5. Concept of micro, macro and mega evolution.

Unit -V Palaeontology and Distribution of Animals 1. Palaeontology :- Formation of fossils

Determination of age of fossils 2. Study of extinct forms :- Dinosaurs and Archaeopteryx. 3. Evolution of man 4. Zoogeographical distribution of animals.

ch-,l-lh f}rh; o"kZ

izk.kh 'kkL=

izFke iz'u i=&O;kogkfjd izk.kh 'kkL=

o"kZ 2004&2005

le; % 3 ?kaVs iw.kkZad &50

bdkbZ 1 tyh; mRiknu (Aqua culture) 1- tyh; mRiknu dh ifjHkk"kk rFkk egRo

2- >haxk ikyu

3- iyZ ikpu

4- [kk;s tkus okys vk,LVj ikyu

5- esa<+d ikyu

bdkbZ 2 eRL; ikyu (Pissiculture) 1- ehBs ikuh esa ikbZ tkus okyh [kkus ;ksX; eNfy;ksa dh lkekU; tkudkjh

2- dk;Z ikyu

3- ty tho'kkyk (Aquarium) dk j[k j[kko

4- Iykod ,oa bldk eRL; ikyu esa ;ksxnku

5- ikSyh dYpj dk lkekU; Kku

bdkbZ 3 vkfFkZd dhV foKku (Economic entomology) lkekU; tkudkjh

1- js'ke mRiknu

2- e/kqeD[kh ikyu

3- yk[k mRiknu fu;a=.k

4- [kk| rsy cht] ouLifr ,oa laxzfgr vukt esa yxus okys lkekU;

ihM+d

5- dhV ,oa ihM+dksa dk tSfod fu;a=.k

bdkbZ 4 vfo"kkyqrk (Toxicology) 1- vfo"kkyqrk & vk/kkjHkwr vo/kkj.kk

2- vfo"kkyqrk ijh{k.k LC50 LD50 rhoz rFkk nh?kZdkyhu vfo"kkyqrk

3- gSoh esVy vfo"kkyqrk ¼ikjk] dsMeh;e rFkk lhlk½

4- ihM+d ,oa buds vfo"kkyq izHkko

5- O;olk; ls laca/kh LokLF; leL;k;sa ,oa mudk fu;=a.kA

bdkbZ 5 iz;ksx'kyk rduhd (Laboratory Techniques) 1- ih-,p- ehVj rFkk ØksesVksxzkQh midj.k dk v/;;u

2- ekbØksVkseh

3- fQDlsfVOg] jatd rFkk izfrdkjd fuekZ.k fof/kA

4- izk.kh laxzgky; ¼E;wft;e½ dk j[kj[kko rFkk laj{k.kA

5- dadky rS;kj djuk rFkk izkf.k;ksa ds LVQ cukukA

ch-,l-lh- r`rh; o"kZ 2004&2005

izk.kh 'kkL=

f}rh; iz'u i=

i;kZoj.kh; tSfodh ,oa mf)dkl

le; 3 ?k.Vs vf/kdre vad % 50

bdkbZ 1 ikfjfLFkfrdh; vo/kkj.kk;s

1- ikfjfLFkfrdh; rU= dh vk/kkjHkwr vo/kkj.kk;sa vtSfod dkjd ,oa tSfod dkj] ÅtkZ izokg

,oa vkgkj Ja[kykA

2- tSo Hkw jklk;fud pØ] dkcZuMkbZ vkWDlkbM pØ] ukbVªkstu pØ] QkLQksjl pØA

3- tho la[;k vo/kkj.kk;saA tho la[;k ds y{k.kA

4- leqnk; vo/kkj.kk;sa & vuqØe.k] leqnk; vkofrZrk ,oa leqnk; lwpdA

bdkbZ 2 vkokl ifjfLFkfrdh

1- LoPNtyh; vkokl

2- LFkyh; vkokl

3- leqnzh; vkokl

4- Hkkjr o"kZ ds ikfjfLFkfrdh; {ks=

5- izkd`frd lalk/ku ,oa mudk laj{k.k

bdkbZ 3 ekuo ,oa i;kZoj.k

1- oU; thou laj{k.k & e/;izns'k ds oU; tho vH;kj.;

2- i;kZoj.k ál ,oa iznw"k.k

3- ih<+d uk'kd] /kkrq] Å"ek] /ofu iznw"k.k

4- Hkwe.Myh; Å"erk] gfjr x`g izHkko fodhj.k ikfjfLFkfrdh

5- ekuo vkcknh ij 'kgjhdj.k dk izHkko

bdkbZ 4 thou dh mRifRr ,oa fodkl

1- thou dh mRifRr & okn ,oa vo/kkj.kk;sA

2- mf)dkl dk bfrgkl ,oa fopkj/kkjk;sa ¼ysekdZokn] MkfoZuokn ,oa uoMkfoZuokn½A

3- izkd`frd oj.kokn & fofHkUurk;sa] E;wVs'ku] i`FDdj.k] tkfr Hkou dh vk/kkjHkwr vo/kkj.kk;saA

4- vuqdwyu ,oa vuqgj.kA

5- esØks ,oa ekbØks mf)dkl dh vo/kkj.kkA

bdkbZ 5 thok'e foKku ,oa HkksxkSfyd forj.k

1- thok'e foKku & thok'e fuekZ.k] thok'eksa dh vk;q vkdyu

2- foyksfir thoksa dk v/;;u & MkbukslkslZ ,oa vkfdZ;ksVsfjDlA

3- ekuo mf)dkl

4- tUrq HkksxkSfyd forj.k

B.Sc. III Zoology 2004-2005

Practical Exercises for Practical

1. Collection and study of local Insects, Molluscs, Fresh water fishes.

2. Study of life history of Silk worm, Honey bee & lac Insect.

3. Study of pests - Vegetable and Fruit pest, stored grain pest and crop pest.

4. Study of animal adaptations - Aquatic, Desert, Cave, Volant etc.

5. Mounting of unio gills, Fish scales & gills, sting apparatus of honey bee and mouth parts of Insects.

6. Study of pond Ecosystem.

7. Water analysis- O2 , Chloride, Co2, alkalinity, Soil pH.

8. Components and working of Instruments- Microtome, Microscope, pH meter, Spectrophotometer and centrigudg.

Scheme of Practical Examination

Duration 4 hrs MM 50

1. Spotting - (Insects, Fishes Molluscs) any five Marks -10

2. Study of animals for adaptation (any three) 05

3. Mounting 05

4. Water analysis (any on parameter) 05

5. Comments on Instruments 05

6. Exercise on wild life 05

7. Project/collection 04

8. Viva 05

9. Practical Record 05

Total 50

List of Recommended Books :

1. Fish & Fisheries of India Jhingran V.G. Hindustan Publishing Corp. , Delhi

2. An Introduction to Fishes S.S. Khanna Central Book Depto, Allahabad

3. Text book of Aquaculture M.S. Readdy & Discovery K.R.S. Rao Publishing House

4. Pest management and Nayar B.V. Namrata Pesticides Indian Publications, Scenario Madaras

5. Economic Zoology Shukla & Upadhyaya

6. Ecology Odum E.P. Amerind

7. Fundamentals of Ecology Odum E.P. W.B. Saunders

8. Evolution Dobzhansky W.H. Freeman Stebbins & Valentine

9. Genetics Origin of Dobzhansky Columbia Species University Press 10. Envioronment Biology Arvind Bhatia Ramesh Book Depot, Jaipur

11. Ecology Veerbala Rastogi

12. Organic Evolution Veerbala Rastogi

13. Organic Evolution Mohan P Arora Himalaya Publishing House, Delhi

14. Ecology M.P. Arora HImalaya

Publishing House, Delhi

15. An Introduction to M.P. Arora Himalaya Paleontology Publishing House, Delhi

16. Environmental Biology P.D. Sharma Rastogi and Toxicology Publications

17 u, ikB~;Øe ds vk/kkj ij e-iz- fgUnh xzUFk vdkneh }kjk izdkf'kr iqLrdsaA

Class : B.Sc. Part Three Subject : Physics

Paper I Title : Relativity Quantum Mechanics, Atomic, Molecular And Nuclear Physics

Max Marks : 50 Note :- The paper is divided in five units. This examiner should ask at least one question from

each unit . Internal choice within the unit must be provided. Numerical problems in each unit should be asked.

Unit I : Relativity and Quantum Theory (15) Reference systems, internal frames, Galilean invariance and conservation laws,

propagation of light, Michelson-Morley experiment; search for ether.

Postulates for the special theory of relativity, Lorentz transformations, length contraction, time dilation, velocity addition theorem, variation of mass with velocity, mass-energy equivalence,-particle with a zero rest mass.

Origin of the quantum theory : Failure of classical physics to explain the phenomena such as black body spectrum, photoelectric effect, Ritz combination principle in spectra, stability of an atom. Planck's radiation law, Einstein's explanation of photoelectirc effect, Bohr's quantization of angular momentum and its applications to hydrogen atom, limitations of Bohr's theory.

Unit II : Quantum Mechanics (15) Wave-particle duality and uncertainty principle : de Broglie's hypothesis of matter waves ;

the concept of wave and group velocities, evidence for diffraction and interference of ' particles', experimental demonstration of matter waves.

Consequence of de Broglie's concepts; quantisation in hydrogen atom; energies of a article in a box, wave packets, Heisenberg's uncertainty relation for p and x, its extension to energy and time. Consequence of the uncertainty relation; gamma ray microscope, diffraction at a slit, particle in a box, position of election in a Bohr orbit.

Quantum Mechanics : Schrodinger's equation. Postulatory basis of quantum mechanics; operators, expectation values, transition probabilities, applications to particle in a one -and three-dimensional boxes, harmonic oscillator, reflection at a step potential, transmission across a potential barrier.

Unit III : Atomic Physics (15) Hydrogen atom; natural occurrence of n , and m quantum numbers, the related physical

quantities. comparison with Bohr's theory.

Spectra of hydrogen, deuteron and alkali atoms spoectral terms, doublet fine structure, screening constants for alkali spectra for s,p, d, and f states, selection rules.

Single and triplet fine structure in alkaline earth spectra, L-S and J-J couplings.

Week spectra: continuous X-ray spectrum and its dependence on voltage, Duane and Hunt's law. Characteristics X-rays. Moseley's law, doublet structure of X-ray spectra, X-ray absorption spectra.

Unit IV : Molecular Physics (15) Discrete set of electronic energies of molecules, quantisation of vibrational and rotational

energies, determination of internuclear distance, pure rotational and rotation vibration spectra. Dissociation limit for the ground and other electronic states, transition rules for pure vibration and electronic vibration spectra.

Raman effect, stokes and anti-Stokes lines, complimentary character of Raman and infrared spectra, experimental arrangements for Raman spectroscopy.

Spectroscopic techniques : Sources of excitation, prism and grating spectrographs for visible ,UV and IR, absorption spectroscopy, double beam instruments, different recording systems.

Unit V Nuclear Physics (15) Interaction of charged particles and neutrons with matter, working of nuclear detectors,

G.M. Counter, proportional counter and scintillation counter, cloud chambers, spark chamber, emulsions. Structure of nuclei, basis properties (I, ~, Q and binding energy), deuteron binding energy, p-p and n-p scattering and general concepts of nuclear forces. Beta decay, range of alpha particle, Geiger Nuttal law. Gamow's explanation of beta decay, alpha decay and continuous and discrete spectra. Nuclear reactions, channels, compound nucleus, direct reaction (concepts).

Shell model ; liquid drop model, fission and fusion (concepts), energy production in stars by p-p and carbon cycles (concepts).

Text and Reference Books 1. H S Mani and G K Mehta; " Introduction to Modern Physics" (Affiliated East-West Press,

1989) A Beiser; "Prospective of Modern Physics" H E White ; " Introduction to Atomic Physics" Barrow' "Introduction to Molecular Physics "

2. R P Feymann, R B Leighton and M Sands ; " The Feymann Lectures on Physics", Vol. III (B I Publications, Bombay, Delhi, CalCutta, Madras)

3. T A Littlefield and N Theorley; "Atomic and Nuclear Physics" (Engineering Language Book Society) H A Enge, " Introduction to Nuclear Physics", (Addision -Wesly)

4. Eisenberg and Resnik; "Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei and Particles" (John Wiley)

5. D P Khandelwal ; " Optics and Atomic Physics", (Himalaya Publishing House, Bombay, 1988)

Class : B.Sc. Part Three Subject : Physics

Paper II Solid State Physics, Solid State Devices And Electronics

Max Mark : 50

Note :- The paper is divided in five units. The examiner should ask at least one question from each unit. Internal choice within the uni must be provided. Numerical problems in each unit should be asked.

Unit I Crystal Structure and X-rays (15)

Overview : Crystalline and glassy forms, liquid crystal, glass transition.

Structure : Crystal sturcture; periodicity, lattices and bases fundamental translation vectors, unit cell, Wigner-Seitz cell. allowed rotationsl, lattice types , lattice plane. common crystal structure.

Laue's theory of X-ray diffraction, Bragg's law, Laue patterns.

Bonding: Potential between a pair of atoms ; Lennard-Jones potential, concept of cohesive energy, covalent, Van der walls, ionic, and metallic crystals.

Magnetism : Atomic magnetic moment, magnetic susceptibility, Dia-para-, and Ferromagnetism, Ferromagnetic domains, Hysteresis.

Unit II : Lattice Vibration (15)

Thermal properties : Lattice vbrations, simple harmonic oscillator second order expansion of Lennard Jones potential about the minimum, vibrations of one dimensional monatomic chain under harmonic and nearest neighbour interaction approximation, concept of phonons, density of modes (1-0). Debye model; lattice specific heat. low temperature limit, extension (conceptual) 1 t0 3 - D.

Band structure : Electrons in periodic potential; nearly free election model (qualitative), energy bands , energy gap, metals, insulators, semiconductors.

Motion ofelectrons; Free electrons, conduction electrons, electron collisions, mean free path, conductivity and Ohm's law. Density of states, Fermi energy, Fermi velocity, Fermi-Dirac distribution.

Unit III Solid State Devices (15) Semiconductors: Instrinsic semiconductors, electrons and holes, Fermi level.

Temperature dependence of electron and hole concentrations. Doping; impurity states, n and p type semiconductors, conductivity, mobility, Hall effect. Hall coefficient.

Semiconductor devices: Metal-semiconductor junction, p-n junction, majority and minority carriers, diode, Zener and tunnel diodes, light emitting diode, transistor, solar cell.

Power supply : Diode as a circuit element, load line concept, rectification, ripple factor, zener diode, voltage stabilization, IC voltage regulation.

Unit IV Transistor and FETs' (15) Characteristics of a transistor in CB, CE and CC mode, graphical analysis of the CE

configuration, low frequency equivalent circuits, h-parameters, bias stability, thermal runaway.

Field effect transistors : JFET volt-ampere curves, biasing JFET,a ac operation of JFET, source followe, Depletion and enhancement mode, MOSFET, biasing MOSFET, FET as variable voltage resister, digital MOSFET circuits.

Unit V : Amplifiers (15) Small signal amplifiers :General principles of operation, classification, distortion, RC

coupled amplifier, gain frequency response, input and output impedence, multistage amplifiers, transformer coupled amplifiers, Equivalent circuits at low, medium and high frequencies; emitter follower, low frequency common-source and common-drain amplifier, Noise in electronic circuits.

Test and Reference Books 1. C Kittel ; " Introduction to Solid State Physics". Vth Edition (John Wiley and Sons, New

York, 1976) J S Blackmore; "Solid State Physics", IInd Edition (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge) N W Ascroft and N D Mermin ; "Solid State Physics" (Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, 1976)

2. B.C. Streetman; "Solid State Electronic Devices", IInd Edition (Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi, 1986) W D Stanley; "Electronic Devices. Circuits and Applications" (Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, USA. 1988)

3. J D Rader ; " Electronics Fundamentals and Applications", IInd Edition (Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi, 1986)

4. J Millman and A Grabel; " Microelectronics", International Edition (McGraw-Hili Book Company, New York,1988)

Scheme of Practical Examination B.Sc. Part Three

Note : Every student is required to perform at least 15 experiment out of the list given below. In practical examination every student must perform one experiment of 3 hrs. duration. In practical examination the break up of marks is as follows :

I. For regular students :

Practical Marks Sessional Marks Viva Total

1 25 10 15 50

II. For ex-students/Non-Collesiate students.

Practical Marks Viva Total

1 35 15 50

List of Practicals

A. Relativity (a few experiments need to be introduced)

B. Quantum Mechanics 1. Determination of Planck's constant

2. Determination of e/m using Thomson's tube

3. Determination of e by Millikan's method

C. Atomic Physics 1. Study of spectra of hydrogen and deuterium (Rydberg constant and

ration of masses of electron to proton)

2. Absorption spectrum of iodine vapour.

3. Study of alkali or alkaline earth spectra using a concave grating.

4. Study of Zeeman effect for determination of Lande g- factor.

D. Molecular Physics

1. Analysis of a given band spectrum.

2. Study of Raman spectrum using laser as an excitation source.

E. Nuclear Physics

1. Study of absorption of alpha and beta rays.

2. Study of statistics in rradioactive measurement.

F. Solid State Physics, Solid State Devices and Electronics.

1. Goniometric study of crystal faces

2. Determination of dielectric constant

3. Hysteresis curve of transformer core

4. Hall-probe method for measurement of magnetic field

5. Specific resistance and energy gap of a semiconductor.

6. Characteristics of a transistor

7. Characteristics of a tunnerl diode

8. Study of voltage regualtion system

9. Study of a regulated power supply.

10. Study of Lissajous figures using a CRD

11. Study of VTVM

12. Study of RC and TC coupled amplifiers.

13. Study AF and RF oscillators


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rjax d.k }Sr~rk rFkk vfu'prrk & fl)kar] nzO;&rjaxks dh Mh&czksxyh dh ifjdYiuk] rjax rFkk

lewg osxksa dh vfHk/kkj.kk] d.kksa dk foorZu ,oa O;frdj.k dk lk{;] nzO; rjaxksa dk izk;ksfxd v/;;uA

Mh&czksxyh dh vo/kkj.kk dk izfrQy] gkbMªkstu ijek.kq dk DokaVhdj.k] ckDl ds vUnj fLFkr d.k

dh mtkZ] rjax iSdsV~l] laosx vkSj fLFkfr esa vfuf'pr~rk dk gkbZtuoxZ laca/k rFkk bldk mtkZ o

le; ds lkFk foLrkjA

vfuf'pr~rk fl)kar dk fu"d"kZ ] γ &fdj.k lw{ken'khZ] ,dy fLyV }kjk forZru] ckWDl ds vanj d.k]

cksj d{k esa bysDVªku dh fLFkfrA

DokaVe ;kaf=dh & JksfMUtj lehdj.k DokaVe ;kaf=dh ds ifjdYiuk,W] vkWijsVjl] izR;k'kkeku]

Vªkaft'ku izkf;drk] ,d foeh; rFkk f=foeh; ckDlks ds vUnj d.kksa dk vuqiz;ksx] vkorhZ nksfy=] foHko

lh<+h ls ijkorZu] foHko&izkphj ls ikjxeuA

bdkbZ&3 ijek.kq HkkSfrdh

gkbMªkstu ijek.kq] n, l rFkk DokVae la[;kvksa dh izkd`frd O;k[;k rFkk lacafèkr HkkSfrd la[;k,W] cksj

fl)kUr ls rqyukA

gkbMªkstu o.kZØe] fM~;wVªkWu rFkk {kkjh; LisDVªeh rRo] McysV Qkbu LVªpj ] s, p, d rFkk f voLFkkvksa

okys {kkjh; LisDVªe gsrq LØhfuax fu;rkad] oj.k&fu;eA

vYdykbZU vFkZo.kZØe ds ,dy rFkk f=d lajpuk,W] L-S vkSj J-J ;qXeu ] {kh.k o.kZØe rFkk blds

foHko ij fuHkZjrk] Mqvkus vkSj gq.M ds fu;e] vfHkyk{kf.kd X & fdj.ks] ekslys dk fu;e] X-fdj.k

o.kZØe dh f}d lajpuk] X &fdj.k vo'kks"k.k o.kZØeA

bdkbZ &4 vkf.od HkkSfrdh

v.kqvksa ds bysDVªkWfud mtkZvksa ds fofo/k Lrj] dkEifud rFkk ?kwf.kZd mtkZvksa ds DokaVhdj.k] vUrj

ukfHkdh; nwjh dk ekiu] 'kq) ?kw.khZ; dkEifud o.kZØe] xzkmaM rFkk vU; bysDVªkWfud Lrjksa ds vi?kVu

lhek,W] 'kq)] dkEifud rFkk bysDVªkWfud dkEifud o.kZØe ds laØe.k fu;eA jeu izHkko] LVksd rFkk

izfr LVksd js[kk,W] jeu vkSj vojDr o.kZØe dk iwjd fl)kUr] jeu LisDVªe dh izk;ksfxd O;oLFkk,WA

LisDVªksLdksfid rduhd % mRrstu ds L=ksr] n`';] ijkcSaxuh vkSj vojDr fofdj.k ds fy, fizTe vkSj

xzsfVax LisDVªksLdksih] f}&fdj.k iqat midj.k] fofHkUUk vfHkys[ku fudk;A

bdkbZ&5 ukfHkdh; HkkSfrdh

U;wVªku rFkk vkosf'kr d.kksa dh nzO; ds lkFk vuqfØ;kA ukfHkdh; lalwpdks dh dk;Zfof/k xhxj&ewyj

x.kd (G-M x.kd) vkuqikfrd rFkk izLQqj.k x.kd] es?k dks"B] LikdZ izdks"B beYluA

ukfHkdksa ddh lajpuk] ewy xq.k ( I, µ,Q vkSj ca/ku mtkZ½ M;wVªku dh cUèku mtkZ] izksVksu&izksVksu rFkk

U;wVªku&izksVksu izdh.kZu] ukfHkdh; cyksa dh lkekU; vo/kkj.kkA β&{k; A α d.kksa dh ijkl xhxj

&uVy ukfHkdh; vfHkfØ;k] pSuy] ;kSfxd ukfHkd lh/kh fØ;k ¼vo/kkj.kk,W½

ch-,l-lh r`rh; o"kZ fo"k; & HkkSfrd 'kkL=

f}rh; iz'ui=

Bksl voLFkk Hkksfrdh] Bksl voLFkk ;qfDr;kW rFkk byssDVªkfudh

bdkbZ&1 % Bksl voLFkk Hkksfrdh & 1

o`gn~ ifjn`f"V % fØLVyh; ,oa Xyklh :i] rjy fØLVy] Xykl esa :ikUrj.kA

lajpuk % fØLVy lajpukek=] vko`rrk tkyd ,oa vk/kkj] ewy lhekukUrj.k lfn'k] bdkbZ lsy]

foXuj & flV~t lsy] vuqiFk ?kw.kZd] tkyd izdkj] tkyd ry. lkekU; fØLVy lajpuk,aA

X- fdj.k foorZu dh ykWm dk fl)kUr] czsx dk fu;e] ykWm fo/kk,sA

ca)u % ijek.kqvks ds tksM+ks ds e/; foHko] ysufM&tkWu foHko] llatd mtkZ ds fl)kUr] lg la;kstu]

ok.Mj&okWy] vk;fud rFkk /kkfRod fØLVyA

pqEcdRo % ijekf.od pqEcdh; vk?kq.kZ] pqEcdh; izo`fr] izfr] vuq ,oa ykSg pqEcdRo] ykSg

pqEcdh; Mksesu] 'kSfFkY;rkA

bdkbZ&2 Bksl voLFkk HkkSfrdh -II m"eh; xq.k % tkyd dEiu] ljy vkorZ nkfy=] ysukMZ&tkWu foHko ds fuEure eku ds ifjr% f}rh;

Js.kh izlkj] fudVre lkfU/k; rFkk vko`fr izfrfØ;k ds lfUudVrk esa ,d ijekf.od psu dk ,d

foeh; nksyu] Qksuksu dh vfHk/kkj.kk] fo/kkvksa ¼,d foeh;½ dk ?kuRo] fMckbZ izfr:i] tkyd fof'k"V

m"ek] fuEu rkiØe lhek] f=fofe; foLrkj ¼dsoy vfHkèkkj.kk½A

cS.M lajpuk % vkorZ foHko esa bysDVªksuksa dh xfr] yxHkx eqDr bysDVªksu izfr:i ¼xq.kkRed½. mtkZ

cS.M] mtkZ varjky] /kkrq] vpkyd] v/kZpkydA

bysDVªksuks dh xfr % eqDr bysDVªku] pkyd bysDVªksu] bysDVªku la?kV~V] ek/; eqDr iFk]

pkydrk rFkk vksgEk dk fu;e] Lrjks dk ?kuRo] QehZ mtkZ] QehZ osx] QehZ &fMjkd forj.kA

bdkbZ 3& Bksl voLFkk ;qfDRk;kW

v)Zpkyd % vUr% v)Zpkyd] bysDVªksu ,oa fcoj] QehZ Lrj] bysDVªksu rFkk fcoj ?kUkRoksa ij rkiØe

dk izHkko] vifeJ.k] v'kqf) Lrj] n rFkk P izdkj ds v)Zpkyd] pkydrk] xfr'khyrk] gky izHkko]

gky xq.kkadA

v)Zpky ;qfDR;kW % /kkrq v)Zpkyd laf/k] pUn laf/k] eq[; ,oa vYi okgd] Mk;ksM] thuj ,oa Vwuy

Mk;ksM] izdk'k mRlZtu Mk;ksM VªkUthLVj] lksyj lsyA

ifjiFk rRo ds :i esa Mk;ksM] yksM&ykbu vo/kkj.kk] fn"Vdj.k] mfeZdk ?kVd] foHko LFkkf;Ro] IC foHko fu;euA

bdkbZ 4 vkf.od HkkSfrdh &I VªkfUlVj ds yk{kf.kd oØ % mHk;fu"B vk/kkj] mRltZu ,oa laxzkgu fo/kk esa] vHk;fu"V mRltZu fo/kk

esa xzkQh; fo'ys"k.k] fuEu vko`fr lerqY;rk ifjiFk] &izkpy] vfHkefr LFkkf;Rork] rkih; vfLFkjrkA

{ks=&izHkko VªkfUllVj % JFET oksYV &,fEi;j oØ] vfHkufr JFET, JFET ds izR;korhZ /kjk iz;ksx ]

L=ksr vuqxkeh] vo{k; ,oa vfHko)hZ fo/kk MOSFET, vfHkufr MOSFET, ifjorhZ oksYVst izfrjks/k ds

:i esa FET, fMftVy MOSFET ifjiFkA

bdkbZ&5 % bysDVªksfud &II

y?kq ladsr izo)Zd % izfØ;k ds lkekU; fl}kUr] oxhZdj.k] fo:i.k] RC ;qXe izoZ/kd] vko`frZ vuqfØ;k]

fuos'kh ,oa fuxZy izfrck/kk] cgqLrjh; izoZ/kd] VkfUlVj ;qXe izoZ/kd] fuEu] e/;e rFkk mPPk vko`frvksa

ij lerqY; ifjiFk] mRltZd vuqxkeh] fuEu vko`fr mHk;fu"B L=ksr ,oa mHk;fu"V &tSu izoèkZd]

bysDVªksfud ifjiFkksa esa 'kksjA


HkkSfrdh

zizk;ksfxd ijh{kk dh i)fr

Vhi % & fuEu lwph ls de ls de 15 iz;ksx djuk vko';d gSA izR;sd Nk= dks izk;ksfxd ijh{kk esa 3 ?kaVs dk

,d iz;ksx djuk vko';d gSA vadks dk forj.k fuEu izdkj ls gS%&

1- fu;fer Nk=ksa ds fy,

izk;ksfxd vad l=kada ekSf[kd dqy

25 10 15 50

2- HkwriwoZ ,oa Lok/;k;h ijh{kkFkhZ ds fy,

izk;ksfxd vad ekSf[kd dqy

35 15 50

iz;ksxksa dh lwph

v- DokUVe ;kaf=dh

1-Iykad fu;rkd dk fu/kkZj.k

2-e/m dk Fkkelu fof/k ls fu/kkZj.k

3-' e ' dk fefydku

c- ijek.kq HkkSfrdh

1-gkbMªkstu rFkk M;wVªh;e ds o.kZØe dk v/;;uA

2-vk;ksMhu ok"i dk vo'kks"k.k o.kZØeA

3-vory xzsfVax }kjk {kkjksa ds o.kZØe dk v/;;uA

4-ySUMs g QSDVj ds fu/kkZj.k gsrq theu izHkko dk v/;;uA

l- vkf.od HkkSfrdh

1-cS.M o.kZØe dk fo'ys"k.kA

2-yslj dk mRRkstd L=ksr ds :i esa mi;ksx djds jeu o.kZØe dk

v/;;u

n- ukfHkdh; HkkSfrdh

1-vYQk rFkk chVk fdj.kksa ds vo'kks"k.k dk v/;;uA

2-jsfM;ks /kfeZrk ds ekiu esa lkaf[;dh dk v/;;uA

bZ- Bksl voLFkk HkkSfrdh] Bksl voLFkk fof/k;ksa rFkk bySDVªkfuDl

1-fØLVy Qydksa dk xksfu;kseSfVªd v/;;u

2-ijkoS/kqrkad dk fu/kkZj.kA

3-VªkUlQkZej dksM dk pqEcdh; 'kSfFkY; oØA

4-pqEcdh; {ks= ds fu/kkZj.k dh gkWy&izkso fof/k

5-v)Z pkyd dk fof'k"V izfrjks/k rFkk mtkZ vUrjky

6-VªkfUtLVj ds vfHkyk{kf.kd oØ

7-Vuy Mk;ksM ds vfHkyk{kf.kd oØ

8-osYVrk fu;eu fudk; dk v/;;u

9-fu;fer ikoj lIykbZ dk v/;;u

10- dSFkksM fdj.k dEiun'khZ ds mi;ksx ls fylktw vkd`fr;ksa

dk v/;;uA

11- VTVM dk v/;;uA

12- R-C ;qfXer rFkk VªkUlQkeZj ;qfXer izc/kZdA

13- JO; vko`fRr rFkk jsfM;ks vko`fRr nksfy;ks dk v/;;uA

B.Sc. Third Year Paper I : Physical Chemistry

Maximum Marks : 33 (2 Hrs/ week)

Unit I Elementary Quantum Mechanics

Black-body radiation, Planck's radiation law, photoelectric effect, heat capacity of solids, Bohr's model of hydrogen atom (no derivation ) and its defects. Compton effect.

De Broglie hypothesis, the Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, Sinusoidal wave equation, Hamiltonian operator, Schrodinger wave equation and its importance, physical interprtation of the wave function, postulates of quantum mechanics, particle in a one dimensional box.

Molecular orbital theory, basis ideas - criteria for forming M.O. from A.O., construction of M.O. 's LCAO-H2+ ion, calculation of energy levels from wave functions, concept of α , α *, π , π* orbitals and their characteristics, Hybrid orbitls-SP, SP2, SP3 ; calculation of coefficients of A.O.'s used in these hybrid orbitals.

Introduction to balence bond model of H2, comparison of M.O. and V.B. models.

Unit II Spectroscopy Introduction : electromagnetic radiation, regions of the spectrum, basis features of

different spectrometers, statemetn of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, degree of freedom.

Rotational spectrum Diatomic molecules, Energy levels of a rigid rotor (semi-classical principles), selection

rules, spectral intensity, distribution using population distribution (Maxwel -Boltz, mann distribution) determination of bond length, qualitative description of non-rigid rotor, isotope effect.

Vibrational Spectrum Infrared spectrum : Energy levels of simple harmonic oscillator, selection rules, pure

vibrational spectrum, intensity, determination of force constant and qualitative relation of force constant and bond energies, effect of anharmonic motion and isotope on the spectrum, idea of vibrational frequencies of different functional groups.

Raman spectrum : Concept of polarizability, pure rotational and pure vibrational Raman spectra of diatomic molecules, selection rules.

Electronic Spectrum Concept of potential energy curves for bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals,

qualitative description of selection rules and Franck-Condon principle.

Qualitative description of σ, π and n M.O. their energy levels and the respective transitions.

Unit III Photochemistry Interaction of radiation with matter, difference between thermal and photochemical

processes. Laws of photochemistry : Grothus -Draper law, Stark-Dinstein law, Jablonski diagram depicting various processes occurring in the excited state, qualitative decription of fluorescence, phosphorescence, non-radiative processes (internal conversion, intersystem crossing), quantum yield, photosensitized reactions energy transfer processes (simple examples.)

Unit IV Solutions, Dilute Solutions and Colligative Properties Ideal and non-ideal solutions, methods of expressing concentrations of solutions, activity

and activity coefficient. Dilute solution, colligative properties, Raoult's law, relative lowering of vapour pressure,

molecular weight and elevation in boiling point and depression in freezing poing. Experimental methods for determining various colligative properties.

Abnormal molar mass, degree of dissociation and association of solutes.

Paper II : Inorganic Chemistry

M. M. : 33

Unit I A. Hard and Soft Acids and Bases (HSAB) Classification of acids and baes as hard soft. Pearson's HSAB concept , acid-base

strength and hardness and softness. Symbiosis, theoretical basis of hardness and

softness, electronegativityand hardness and softness.

B. Silicones and Phosphazenes Silicones and phosphazenes as examples of inorganic, polymers, nature of bonding in

triphosphazenes.

Unit II A. Metal-ligand Bonding in Transition Metal Complexes Limitations of Valence bond theor, an elementary idea of crystal-field theory, crystal field

splitting in octahedral, tetrahedral and square planer complexes, factors affecting the

crystal -field parameters.

B. Theromodynamic and Kinetic Aspects of Metal Complexes A brief outline of thermodynamic satbility of metal complexes and factors affecting the

stability, substitution reactions of square planer complexes.

Unit III A. Magnetic Properties of Transition Metal Complexs Types of magnetic behavior, methods of determining magnetic susceptibility, spin-only

formula. L-S coupling, correlation of µs (spin only ) and µeff values, orbital contribution to

magnetic moments, application of magnetic moment data for 3d-metal complexes.

B. Electron Spectra of Transition Metal Complexes

Types of electronic transitions, selection rules for d-d transitions, spectroscopic ground

states, spectrochemical series. Orgel-energy Level diagram for d1 and d9 states, discussion of the electronic specturm of [Ti(H2O)6]3+ complexion.

Unit IV Organometallic Chemistry Definition, nomenclature and classification of organometallic componds. Preparation,

properties, bonding and applications of alkyls and aryls of Li, Al, Hg, Sn and Ti, a brief

account of metal-ethylenic complexes and homogenous hydrogenation, mononuclear

carbonyls and the nature of bonding in metal carbonyls.

Unit V Bioinorganic Chemistry Essential and trace elements in biological processes, metalloporphyrins with special

reference to haemoglobin and myoglobin. Biological role of alkali and alkaline earth metal

ions with special reference to Ca2+. Nitrogen fixation.

Paper III : Organic Chemistry M. M. : 34

Unit I Spectroscopy Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Proton magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, nuclear shielding; and deshielding,

chemical shift and molecular structure, spin-spin spliting and coupling constants, areas of signals, interpretation of PMR spectra of simple organic molecules such as ethyl bromide, ethanol. acetaldehyde, 1,1,2-tribromoethane, ethyl acetate, toluene and acetophenone. Porblems pertaining to the structure elucidation of simple organic compounds using UV, IR and PMR spectroscopic techniques.

Unit II Organometallic Compounds Organomagnesim compounds : the Grignard reagents- formation, structure and chemical

reactions. Organozinc compounds : Formation and chemical reactions. Organolithium compounds : Formation and chemical reactions.

Organosulphur Compounds Nomenclature, structural features, methods of formation and chemical reactions of thiols,

thioethers, sulphonic acids, sulphonamides and sulphaguanidine.

Synthetic Polymers Addition or chin-growth polymerization. Free radial vinyl polymerization, ionic vinyl

polymerization, Ziegler-Natta polymeriztion. Polyesters, polyamides, phenol formaldehyde resins, urea formaldehyde resins, epoxy resins and polyurethanes. Natural and synthetic rubbers.

Unit III IV. Heterocyclic Compounds Introduction : Molecular orbital picture and aromatic character of pyrrole, furan, thiophene

and pyridine. Methods os synthesis and chemcial reactions with particular emphasis on the mechanism of electrophillic substitution. Mechanism of necleophilic substitution reactions in pyridine derivatives. Comparison of basicity of pyridine, piperidine and pyrrole.

Introduction to condensed five and six -membered heterocycles. Preparation and reactions of indole, quinoline an isoquinoline with special reference to Fischer indole synthesis, Skraup synthesis and Bischler - Napieralski synthisis. Mechanism of electrophilic substitution reactions of indole, quinoline and isoquinoline.

Organic Synthesis via Enolates Acidity of hydrogens, alkylation of diethyl malonate and ethyl acetoacetate. Synthesis of

ethyl acetoacetate, the Claisen condensation. Keto-enol tautomerism of ethyl acetoacetate.

Alkylation of 1,3-dithianes. Alkylation and acylation of enamines.

Unit IV Carbohydrates Classification and nomenclature. Monosaccharides, mechanism of osazone formation,

interconversion of glucose and fructose, chin lengthening and chain shortening of aldoses. Configuration of monosaccharides. Erythro and threo diasteromers. Conversion of glucose into mannose. Formation of glycosides, ethers and esteres. Determination of ring size of monosaccharides. Cyclic structure of D(+)- glucose. Mechanism of mutarotation.

Stuructures of ribose and deoxyribose. An introduction to disaccharides (maltose, sucrose and lactose) and polysaccharides

(starch nad cellulose) without involving structure determination.

Fats, Oils and Detergents Natural fats, edible and industrial oils of vegetable origin, common fatty acids, glycerides,

hydrogenation of unsaturated oils. Saponification value, idoine value, acid value, Soaps, synthetic detergents, alkyl and aryl sulphonates.

Unit V Amino Acids, Peptides, Proteeins and Nucleic Acids Classification, Structure and stereochemistry of amino acids, Acid -Base behaviour

isoelectric point and electrophoresis. Preparation and reactions of a-amino acids. Structure and nomenclature of peptides and proteins. Classification of proteins. Peptide structure determination, end group analysis, selective hydrolysis of peotides. Classical peptide synthesis, solid-phase peptide synthesis. Structure of peptides and proteins, levels of protein structure . Protein denaturation/renaturation.

Nucleic acids : Introduction, Constituents of nucleic acids. Ribonucleosides and ribonucleotides. The double helical structure of DNA.

Synthesis Dyes Colour and constitution (electronic concept). Classification of dyes. Chemistry and

synthesis of Methyl orange, Congo red, Malachite green, Crystal violet, Phenolphthalein, Fluorescein, Alzarin and Indigo.

PRACTICALS

Scheme of Examination 3. The Duration of Examination is 8 Hrs.

4. Distribution of Marks is as

Inorganic 12 Marks, Organic 12 Marks, Physical 12 Marks, Viva 6 Marks, Record 8 Marks = 50 Marks

180 Hrs. (6 Hrs/ week)

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Synthesis and Analysis (a) Preparation of sodium trioxalato ferrate (III) , Na3 [Fe(c2O4)3] and determination of its

composition by permagnatometry. (b) Preparation of Ni-DMG complex [Ni (DMG)2]. (c) Preparation of copper tetraamine complex, [Cu(NH3)4]SO4. (d) Preparation of cis-and trans-bisoxalato diaqua chromate (III) ion.

Instrumentation Colorimetry (a) Job's method, (b) Mole-ration method Adulteration-Food stuffs, Effluent analysis, water analysis

Solvent Extraction Separation and estimation of Mg(II) and Fe(II)

Ion Exchange Method Separation and estimation of Mg(II) and Zn(II)

Organic Chemistry Laboratory Techinques Steam Distillation Naphthalene from its suspension in water Clove oil from cloves Separation of -and p-nitrophenols

Column chromatography Separation of fluorescein and methylene blue Separation of leaf pigments from spinach leaves Resolution of racemic mixture of (+) mandelic acid

Qualitative Analysis Analysis of an organic mixture containing two solids components using water, NaHCO3, NaOH for separation and preparation of suitable derivatives.

Synthesis of Organic Compounds (a) Acetylation of salicylic acid, aniline, glucose and hydroquinone. Benzoylation of aniline and phenol.

(b) Aliphatic electrophilic substitution. Preparation of iodoform from ethanol and acetone.

(c) Aromatic electrophilic substitution

Nitration Preparation of m-dinitrobenzene Preparatiojn of p-nitroacetanilide

Halogenation Preaparation of p-bromoacetanilide Preparation of 2,4,6-tribromophenol.

(d) Diazotization/coupling Preparation of methyl orange and methyl red

(e) Oxidation Preparation of benzoic acid from toluene

(f) Reduction Preparation of aniline from nitrobenzene

Preparation of aniline from nitorbenzene Preparation of m-nitroaniline from m-dinitrobenzene

Sterochemical Study of Organic Compounds via Models R and S configuration of optical isomers. E and Z configuration of geometrical isomers. Conformational analysis of cyclohexanes and substituted cyclohexanes.

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

Electrochemistry (a) To determine the strength of the given conductometrically using standard alkali solution.

(b) To determine the solubility and solubility product of a sparingly soluble electrolyte conductometrically.

(c) To study the saponification of ethyl acetate conductometrically.

(d) To determine the ionisation constant of a weak acid conductometrically.

(e) To titrate potentiometrically the given ferrous ammonium sulphate solution using KMnO4/ K2Cr2O7 as titrant and calcuate the redox potential of Fe+++ system on the hydrogen

scale.

Refractometry, Polarimetry (a) To verify law of refraction of mixture (e.g. of glycerol and water) using Abbe's

refractometer.

(b) To determine the specific rotation of a given optically active compound.

Molecular Weight Determination (a) Determination of molecular weight of a non-volatile solute by Rest method/ Beckmann

freezing point method.

(b) Determination of the apparent degree of dissociation of an electrolyte (e.g. NaCl) in aqueous solution at different concentrations by ebullioscopy.

Colorimetry To very Beer-Lambert law for KMnO4/ K2Cr2O7 and determine the concentration of the given

solution of the substance.

Books suggested (Theory Courses) 1. Basic Inorganic Chemistry, F.A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson and P.L. Gaus, Wiley.

2. Concis Inorganic Chemistry, J.D. Lee, ELBS.

3. Concepts of Models of Inorganic Chemistry, B. Douglas, D. Mc Daniel and J. Alexander, John Wiley.

4. Inorganic Chemistry, D.E. Shriver, P.W. Atkins and C.H.Langford, Oxford.

5. Inorganic Chemistry, W.W. Porterfield, Addison-Wesley.

6. Inorganic Chemistry, A.G. Sharpe, ELBS.

7. Inorganich Chemistry, G.L. Meissler and D.A. Tarr, Prentice Hall.

8. Organic Chemistry, MOrrison and Boyd, Prentice Hall.

9. Organic Chemistry, L.G. Wade Jr, Prentice Hall.

10. Fundamentals fo Organic Chemistry, Solomons, John Wiley.

11. Organic Chemistry, Vol. I, II, III, S.M. Mukherji,, S.P. Singh and R.P. Kapoor, Wiley Eastern Ltd. (New Age International)

12. Organic Chemistry, F.A. Carey, McGraw- Hill Inc.

13. Introduction to Organic Chemistry, Streitwiesser, Hathcock and Kosover, Macmillan.

14. Physical Chemistry, G.M. Barrow, International Student Edition, McGraw Hill.

15. Basic programming with Application, V.K. Jain, Tata McGRaw Hill.

16. Computers and Common Sense, R.Hunt and Shelly, Prentice Hall.

17. University General Chemistry, C.N. R. Rao, Macmillan.

18. Physical Chemistry, R.A. Alberty, Wiley EAstern Ltd.

19. The Elements of Physical Chemistry, P. W. Atkins, Oxford.

20. Physical Chemistry Through problems, S.K. Dogra and S.Dogra, Wiley Eastern Ltd.

Books Suggested (Laboratory Courses)

1. Vogel's Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, revised , Svehla, Orient Longman

2. Vogel's Txtbook of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis (revised), J. Bassett, R.C. Denney, G.H. Jeffery and J. Mendham, ELBS.

3. Standard Methods of Chemical Analysis, W.W. Scott, The Technical Press.

4. Experimental Inorganic Chemistry, W.G. Palmer, Cambridge.

5. Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. I and II, Brauer, Academic Press.

6. Inorganic Synthesis, McGraw-Hill.

7. Experimental Organic Chemistry, Vol. I and II , P.R. Singh, D.S. Gupta and K.S. BAjpai, Tata McGraw-Hill.

8. Laboratory Manual in Organic Chemistry, R.K. Bansal, Wiley Eastrern.

9. Vogel's TExtbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, B.S. Furniss, A.J. Hannaford, V.Rogers, P.W.G. Smith and A.R. Tachell, ELBS.

10. Experiments in General Chemistry, C.N.R. Rao and U.C.Agrawal, East-West press.

11. Experiments in Physical Chemistry, R.C. Das and B.Behra, Tata McGraw Hill.

12. Advanced Practical Physical Chemistry, J.B. Yadav, Goel Publishing House.

13. Advanced Experimental Chemistry, Vol. I- Physical, J.N. Gurtu and R. Kapoor, S. Chand & Co.

14. Selected Experiments in Physical Chemistry, N.G. Mukherjee, J.N. Ghose & Sons.

15. Experiments in Physical Chemistry, J.C. Ghosh, Bharati Bhavan.

ch-,l-lh- r`rh; o"kZ iz'ui=&izFke HkkSfrd jlk;u

bdkbZ&1 izkjafHkd DokUVe ;kaf=dh d`f".kdk fofdj.k] Iykad dk fofdj.k fu;e] izdk'k oS|qr izzHkko] Bkslksa dh m"ek /kkfjrk] cksj dk

gkbMªkstu ijek.kq ekWMy] ¼O;qRifRRk ugha½ ,oa blds nks"k] dkWEiVu izHkkoA

Mh&czksxyh dh ifjdYiuk] fglucxZ dk vfuf'prrk dk fl)kar] T;k rjax lehdj.k (Sinusoidol wave equation) gsfeYVksfu;u izpky (Operator) JkWfMatj rjax lehdj.k ,oa bldk egRo] rjax

Qyu dh HkkSfrd O;k[;k] DokUVe ;kaf=dh ds vfHkx`fgr] ,d fofe; dks"B esa d.kA

vk.kfod d{kd fl)kar & vk/kkjHkwr vo/kkj.kk&AO ls MO fuekZ.k dh fu"d"kZ] H2O+ vk;u - LCAO's }kjk MO'S dk fuekZ.k] rjax Qyu }kjk mtkZ Lrjksa dh x.kuk] vkc/kZu rFkk izfr vkca/ku

rjax Qyuksa dk HkkSfrd fp=.k. σ]σ∗ ]π ]π∗ d{kdksa dh vo/kkj.kk rFkk mlds vfHkykf{kd ladj d{kd

& sp, sp2 sp3, bu ladj d{kdksa esa iz;qDr AO'S ds xq.kkad dh x.kukA

gkbMªkstu ds la;kstu ca/k ekWMy dk ifjp;A

bdkbZ 2 LisDVªksLdksih ¼LisDVªefefr½

ifjp; % fo|qr pqEcdh; fofdj.k] LisDVªe ds ifj{ks=] fofHkUu LisDVªksekih ds vk/kkjHkwr y{k.k] cksuZ

vksiugkbej lfUudVu dk dFku] Lora=rk dh dksfV] ?kw.kZu LisDVªe] f} ijek.koh; v.kq] n`< ?kw.kZd ds

mtkZ Lrj] v/kZ fpj izfrf"Br fl)kar (Semi Classical Principles) oj.k fu;e (Selection rule) LisDVªy rhozrk] lef"V caVu iz;qDRk djrs gq, forj.k] eSDlcsy cksYM~leSu forj.k] vkca/k yEckbZ dk

fu/kkZj.k] vn`<+ ?kw.kZd dk xq.kkRed fooj.k] leLFkkfud izHkkoA

daiu LisDVªe] vojDRk LisDVªe% ljy vkoZrh; daiu ds mtkZ Lrj] oj.k fu;e] fo'kq) daiu LisDVªe]

rhozrk] cy fLFkjkad dk fu/kkZj.k] cy fLFkjkad ,oa vkca/k mtkZvksa esa xq.kkREkd laca/kA

LisDVªe ij vukoZrh; xfr rFkk leLFkkfud dk izHkko] fofHkUUk lewgksa dh daiu vko`fRr;ksa dh

tkudkjhA

jeu LisDVªe /kzqo.kh;rk dh ifjdYiuk] f}ijek.koh; v.kqvksa ds fy, fo'kq) ?kw.kZu] ,oa fo'kq) daiu

jeu LisDVªe] oj.k fu;e] bysDVªkWfud LisDVªe] vkca/ku ,oa izfrca/ku vk.kfod y{kdksa gsrq fLFkfrt

mtkZ oØksa dh ifjdYiuk] oj.k fu;ekssa dk xq.kkREkd fooj.k rFkk Ýasd dks.Mu fl)kar rFkk n M O dk

xq.kkRed fooj.k] muds mtkZ Lrj rFkk rRlaca/kh laØe.kA

bdkbZ 3 izdk'k jlk;u

inkFkZ rFkk fofdj.kksa dh ikjLifjd vfHkfØ;k] m"eh; rFkk izdk'k jklk;fud fØ;kfof/k esa foHkst]

izdk'k jlk;u ds fu;e% xzksFkl Mªsij fu;e] LVkdZ&vkbUlVhu fu;e] mRrsftr voLFkkvksa esa gksus okyh

fofHkUu fØ;k fof/k;ksa dks n'kkZrs gq, tosyksUldh vkjs[k] izfrnhfIr dk xq.kkRed fooj.k]

lqjnhfIr]vfodj.kh; fØ;k fof/k;k¡ ¼varjifjorZu] varjfudk; ykW/ku½ Dok.Ve n{kd] izdk'kxzkgh

vfHkfØ;k,W] mtkZ LFkkukaUrj.k fØ;kfof/k;kW ¼ljy mnkgj.k½

bdkbZ 4 HkkSfrd xq.k rFkk v.kq lajpuk /kzwo.k&/kw.kZrk /kzqo.k& ¼DYkkWfl;l&ekslksVh lehdj.k½] fo|qr {ks= esa f}èkzqoh; vfHkfoU;kl] fo/kzqoh; vk?kw.kZ]

izsfjr f}/kzqo vk?kw.kZ] viorZu fof/k rFkk rki fofèk }kjk f}/kzqoh; vk?kw.kZ ekiu f}/kzqo vk?kw.kz rFkk v.kqvksa

dh lajpuk% pqEcdh; xq.k&ijkpqEcdh;] vuqpqEcdh; rFkk ykSg pqEcdRoA

bdkbZ 5 foy;u] ruq foy;u] v.kqla[; xq.k/keZ] vkn'kZ rFkk vukn'kZ foy;u] foy;uksa dh lkanzrk dks

O;Dr djus dh fof/k;kW] lfØ;rk (activity) ,oa lfØ;rk xq.kkad (activity coefficient) A ruq foy;u] v.kqla[; xq.k/keZ] jkmYV dk fu;e] ok"i nkc dk vkisf{kd voeu] v.kqHkkj fu/kkZj.k]

ijkd"kZ.k nkc fu;e rFkk bldk ekiu] ijkd"kZ.k nkc }kjk v.kqHkkj fu/kkZj.k DoFkukad esa mUu;u rFkk

xyukad esa vou;u] v.kqHkkj rFkk DoFkukad mUu;u vkSj xyukad voueu esa laca/k dk m"ekxfrdh;

O;qRiUuA fofHkUu vxzla[; xq.k/kekZs dk iz;ksxkRed fof/k;ksa }kjk fu/kkZj.kA vlkekU; v.kqHkkj okys foys;

ds fo;kstu dh ek=k rFkk vfHk;kstu dh ek=kA

ch-,l-lh-

r`rh; o"kZ

f}rh; iz'u i=

¼vdkcZfud jlk;u½

vf/kdre vad &33

bdkbZ 1

v- dBksj rFkk e`nq vEy {kkjd HSAB

vEyksa ,oa {kkjdksa dk dBksj ,oa e`nq ds :i esa oxhZdj.kA ih;jlu dh HSAB /kkj.kkA vEy {kkj

izcyrk] dBksjrk ,oa e`nqrkA lgthfork] dBksjrk ,oa e`nqrk dk lS)kafrd vkèkkj] fo|qr _.kRedrk

vkSj dBksjrk o e`nqrkA

c- flyhdkUl ,oa QkLQkthUl

flyhdkUl ,oa QkLQkthUl

flyhdkUl ,oa QkLQkthUl vdkcZfud cgqyd ds mnkgj.k ds :i esa] f=QkLQkthUl esa ca/ku dh

izd`frA

bdkbZ&2

v- laØe.k /kkrq ladqyksa esa /kkrq fyxs.M ca/ku

la;kstdrk ca/k fl)kar dh lhek;sa] fØLVy {ks= ekidksa ¼isjkehVj½ dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjdA

c- /kkrq ladqyksa dh m"ekxfrdh ,oa cyxfrdh vo/kkj.kk

/kkrq ladqyksa dh m"ekxfrdh LFkkf;Ro dh laf{kIr :ijs[kk ,oa LFkkf;Ro dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjdA

oxZ leryh; ladqyksa esa izfrLFkkiu fØ;k;saA

bdkbZ 3

v- laØe.k /kkrq ladqyksa ds pqEcdh; xq.k &

pqEcdh; O;ogkj ds izdkj] pqEcdh; lqxzfgrk dks ekius dh fof/k;ka] dsoy pØ.k lw= µs, L-S ;qXeu] dsoy pØ.k µs ,oa µeff ekuksa esa lglaca/k ¼dksfjys'ku½ pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ esa vkfcZVy ;ksxnku 3d /kkrq ladqyksa ds fy;s pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ vkdM+ksa dh mi;ksfxrkA

c- laØe.k /kkrq ladqyksa ds bysDVªksfud LisDVªk

bysDVªksfud laØe.k ds izdkj] d-d laØe.k ds fy;s p;u fu;e] LisDVªksLdksfid ewy voLFkk;s]

jklk;fud o.kZØe Js.kh] d1... rFkk --d9... voLFkkvksa ds fy;s vkxZsy mtkZ Lrj fp=] [Ti (H2O)6]3+ ladqy vk;u ds bysDVªksfud o.kZØe foospukA

bdkbZ 4

v- dkcZ/kkfRod jlk;u&

dkcZ/kkfRod ;kSfxdksa dh ifjHkk"kk] ukedj.k rFkk oxhZdj.k Li, Al, Hg, Sn, vkSj Ti. ds ,Ydkby ,oa

,jkby ;kSfxdks ds cukus dh fof/k;kW] xq.k] cU/k rFkk mi;ksfxrk;sa] bFkkbZfyfud /kkrq ladqy ;kSfxd rFkk

muds lekaxh gkbMªkstuhdj.k dk laf{kIr fooj.k ,d ukfHkdh; dkcksZfuy /kkrq dkcksZfuy esa ca/k dh

izd`frA

bdkbZ 5

tSo vdkcZfud jlk;u&

tSfod izfØ;kvksa esa vko';d ,oa lw{e rRo] /kkrq iksjÝhUl& gheksa Xykschu ,oa ek;ksXyksfcu fo'ks"k lanHkZ

esa A {kkj ,oa {kkjh; e`nk /kkrq vk;uksa dk tSfod egRo Ca2+ ukbVªkstu LFkk;hdj.k fo'ks"k lanHkZ esaaA


r`rh; iz'u i=

dkcZfud jlk;u

vf/kdre vad % 34

bdkbZ 1 LisDVefefr

ukfHkdh; pqEcdh; vuqukn LisDVªefefr ukfHkdh; ifjj{k.k ,oa foifj{k.k] jklk;fud foLFkkiu ,oa

vkf.od lajpuk] fLiu&fLiu ;qXeu fLFkjkad] flXuy dk {ks=] ljy dkcZfud ;kSfxdksa ds PMR LisDVªk dh O;k[;k tSls bFkkby czksekbM] ,sFksuky] ,sflVfYMgkbM 1]1]2&VªkbZ&ckseks,sFksu bFkkby ,slhVsV]

VkWYohu ,oa ,lhVksQhuksuA UV, IR ,oa PMR LisDVªefefr rduhd dk mi;ksx djrs gq, ljy

dkcZfud ;ksfxdksa dh lajpuk ls lacaf/kr iz'uksa dk fu/kkZj.kA

bdkbZ 2

dkcZ&/kkfRod ;kSfxd %

dkcZeSXuhf'k;e ;kSfxd % XkzhU;kj vfHkdeZd & fojpu] lajpuk ,oa jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k,W

dkcZftad ;kSfxd % fojpu ,oa jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k,W

dkcZyhfFk;e ;kSfxd % fojpu ,oa jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k,W

dkcZlYQj ;kSfxd % ukedj.k] lajpukRed y{k.k] Fkk;ksy Fkk;ksbZFkj] lYQksfud vEy] lYQksusekbM ,oa

lYQk XokfuMhu ds fojpu dh fof/k;kW ,oa jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k,WA

la'ysf"kr cgqyd % ;ksxkRed vFkok Ja[kyk o`f) cgqyhdj.k] eqDr ewyd okbfuy cgqyhdj.k] vk;fud

okbfuy cgqyhdj.k] lhxyj&ukVk cgqyhdj.k ,oa okbfuy cgqyd] la?kuu vFkok ino`f) cgqyhdj.k]

ikWyh,LVj] ikyh,ekbM] Qhuky QkeZsfYMgkbM jsftu] ;wfj;k QkesZfYMgkbM jsftu] ,iksZDlh jsftu ,oa

ikWyh;wfjFksu] izkd`frd ,oa la'ysf"kr jcjA

bdkbZ 3 fo"ke pØh; ;kSfxd & fijksy] ¶;qjsu] Fkk;ksQhu ,oa fifjMhu dk ifjp; % vkf.od d{kd ifjn`'; ,oa

,jksesfVd vfHky{k.k] la'ys"k.k dh fof/k;kW ,oa bysDVªku Lusgh izfrLFkkiu ds lanHkZ esa fof'k"V jklk;fud

vfHkfØ;k,W] fifjMhu O;qRiUuksa ds ukfHkd Lusgh izfrLFkkiu vfHkfØ;kvksa dh fØ;kfof/kA fifjMhu]

fiisjhMhu ,oa fijksy dh HkkfLedrk dh rqyukA

ik¡p ,oa N% lnL;h; la?kfur fo"kepØh; ;ksfxdksa dk ifjp;A bUMksy] fDouksyhu ,oa vkblks

fDouksyhu dk fojpu ,oa jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k,a ¼fQ'kj bUMksy] la'ys"k.k] LØki la'ys"k.k ,oa fo'yj

usfivjkYldh la'ys"k.k ds fof'k"V lanHkZ esa½ bUMksy] fDouksyhu ,oa vkblks fDouksyhu ds bysDVªku

Lusgh izfrLFkkiu vfHkfØ;k dh fof/kA

buksyVks }kjk dkcZfud la'ys"k.k α gkbMªkstu dh vEyh;rk] Mk; ,fFky eSyksusV ,oa ,fFky

,sflVks,lhVsV dk ,sfYdyhdj.k] ,fFky ,sflVks,slhVsV dk la'ys"k.k] Dysjku la?kuu] ,fFky

,slhVks,slhVsV dh dkVks bZukWy pyko;ork] 1]3&MkbfFk,su dk ,sfYdyhdj.k] ,u,sehu dk ,sfYdyhdj.k

o ,sflyhdj.kA

bdkbZ 4 dkcksZgkbMªsV

oxhZdj.k ,oa ukedj.k] eksukslSdsjkbM] vkWDlhtu fojpu dh fØ;k fof/k] Xywdksl rFkk ÝDVkst dk

varj:ikarj.k] ,sYMkslksa esa Ja[kyk vkjksg.k o vojksg.k] eksuks lsdsjkbMksa dk vfHkfoU;kl] ,fjFkzksl]

fFkz;ksjk vizfrfoEchf=foeleko;oh] Xyqdksl dk eSuksjk esa :ikUrj.k] XykbdkslkbM] bZFkj ,oa ,LVjks dh

ljpuk] eksuks lSdsjkbM ds pØ ds vkdkj dk fu/kkZj.k] D(+) Xyqdksl dh pØh; lajpuk] ifjorhZ /kzqo.k

?kw.kZu dh fØ;kfof/k] fjcksl ,oa MhvkDlh fjcksl dh lajpuk] MkblSdsjkbM ¼ekYVksl] Xywdksl ,oa

ySDVksl½ ,oa ikWyhlSdsjkbM ¼LVkpZ ,oa lsyqyksl½ dk ifjp;kRed v/;;u ¼lajpuk fu/kkZj.k NksM+dj½

olk] rsy ,oa viektZd %

izkd`frd olk] okuLifrd mnHko ds [kk| ,oa vkS/kksfxd rsy] lkekU; olh; vEy] fXyljkbM] vlar`Ir

rsyksa dk gkbMªkstuhdj.k] lkcquhdj.k eku] vk;ksMhu eku] vEy eku] lkcqu] lka'ysf"kd viektZd]

,sfYdy ,oa ,sfjy lYQksusVA

bdkbZ 5

,sehuks vEy] isIVkbM] izksVhu ,oa U;wfDyd vEy

,sehuks vEy dk oxhZdj.k] ljapuk ,oa f=foe jlk;u] vEy&{kkjdh; O;ogkj] lefoHko fcUnq ,oa oS|qr

d.k lapkyu] α ,sehuks vEy dk fojpu ,oa vfHkfØ;k,W A

isIVkbM ,oa izksVhu dh lajpuk ,oa ukedj.k] izksVhu dk oxhZdj.k isIVkbM lajpuk dk fu/kkZj.k] vaR;

lewg fo'ys"k.k] isIVkbM dk oj.kkRed tyvi?kVu] fpjizfrf"Br isIVkbM la'ys"k.k] Bksl&izkoLFkk

isIVkbM la'ys"k.k] isIVkbM ,oa izksVhu dh lajpuk] izksVhu lajpuk ds Lrj] IkzksVhu fod`frdj.kA

U;wfDYd vEy& ifjp;kRed v/;;u] U;wfDybd vEy dk la?kVu] jkbcksU;wfDy;kslkbM ,oa

jkbcksU;wfDy;ksVkbM ,oa jkbcksU;wfDy;ksVkbM]

DNA dh f}dqaMfyuh lajpukA

la'ysf"kr jatd

jax ,oa la?kVu ¼bysDVªkWfud vo/kkj.kk½ jatdks dk oxhZdj.k] esfFky vkWjast] dkWxks jsM] esykdkbV xzhu]

fØLVy ok;ysV] QhuksQYFksfyu] Qywjkslhu] ,syhtsfju ,oa baMhxks dk jklk;fud v/;;u ,oa la'ys"k.kA


izk;ksfxd ikB~;Øe jlk;u 'kkL=

6 ?kaVs izfr lIrkg

ijh{kk vof/k % 6 ?kaVs

vadks dk foHkktu %

vdkcZfud & 12 vad

dkcZfud & 12 vad

HkkSfrd & 12 vad

ekSf[kd & 6 vad

l=kad & 8 vad

dqy ;ksx & 50 vad

vdkcZfud jlk;u

la'ys"k.k ,oa fo'ys"k.k

v- lksfM;e VªkbZvkDlsysVks QsjsV ¼111½ dk fuekZ.k djuk ,oa ijeSxusVksafefr }kjk blls laxBu dk fu/kkZj.kA

c- [Ni(DMG)2] ladj dk fuekZ.k djukA

l- dkWij VsVªkehu (II) lYQsV ladj [Cu(NH3)4]SO4 dk fuekZ.k djukA

n- fll vkSj VªkUl&fclvkDlkysVks MkbZ,Dok dksesV (III) vk;u dk fuekZ.k djukA

@@;U=h;@@

dyjksfefr ¼o.kZfefr½

v tkWCl fof/k c eksy vuqikr fof/k

vifeJ.k&[kkn~; inkFkksZ esaA

cfgJkoh fo'ys"k.k&ty fo'ys"k.kA

foyk;d fu"d"kZ.k

Mg (II) ,oa Fe (II) dk i`FkDdj.k ,oa vkdyuA

vk;u fofue; fof/k

Mg (II) ,oa Zn (II) dk i`FkDdj.k ,oa vkdyuA

dkCkZfud jlk;u&

iz;ksx'kkyk rduhd&

Hkkih; vklou

usQ~Fksfyu dk ty esa] usQ~Fksfyu fuyacu ls] ykSax rsy dk ykSax ls] o ,oa P ukbVªks Qhuksy dk i`Fkddj.k LraHk

ØksesVksxzkQhA

Q~ywjkslhu ,oa esfFkyhu Cyw dk i`Fkddj.k] ikyd ifRr;ksa ls i.kZo.kZd dk i`Fkddj.k] es.Msfyd vEy ds

jsflfed feJ.k dk fo;kstu

xq.kkRed fo'ys"k.k& nks Bksl ?kVdksa okys dkcZfud feJ.k dk NaHCO3, NaOH ,oa ty dks iz;qDr djrs gq,

i`Fkddj.k ,oa fo'ys"k.k ,oa mi;qDr O;qRiUuksa dk fojpu

dkcZfud ;kSfxd dk la'ys"k.k

v- lSyhflfyd vEy] ,uhyhu] Xywdkst ,oa gkbMªksfDouksu dk ,flfVyhdj.kA ,uhyhu ,oa Qhuky dk

csUtk;yhdj.kA

c- ,fyQsfVd bysDVªku Lusgh izfrLFkkiu ,Fksuky ,oa ,slhVksu ls vk;ksMksQkeZ cukkukA

l- ,jkseSfVd bysDVªku Lusgh izfrLFkkiu

ukbfVªdj.k&

m-MkbukbVªkscsathu dk cukuk

p-ukbVªks,flVsfuykbM dk cukuk

gsykstsuhdj.k&

p- czkseks ,sflVsfuykbM dk cukuk

2]4]6 VªkbZ ckseks QhukWy dk cukuk

¼n½ Mkb,stksfVdj.k@;qXeu

eSfFky vkWjsat ,oa esfFky jsM dk cukuk

¼b½ vkWDlhdj.k

VkY;wbu ls csatksbd vEy dk cukuk

¼Q½ vip;u

ukbVªkscsathu ls ,sfuyhu dk cukuk

m-MkbukbVªkscsathu ;kSfxdks dk f=foe jklk;fud v/;;u

izdk'k ?kw.kZd leko;oksa dk R ,oa S la:i.k leko;oksa dk E,Z la:i.k lk;DyksgsDlsu ,oa izfrLFkkfir

lk;DyksgsDlsu dk la:ih; fo'ys"k.kA

HkkSfrd jlk;u

fo|qr jlk;u&

v- pkydrk fof/k }kjk fn;s x;s vEy dh ekud {kkj }kjk lkanzrk Kkr djukA

c- pkydrk fof/k }kjk vYifoys; oS|qrvi?kV~; dh foys;rk rFkk foys;rk rFkk foys;rk xq.ku Qy Kkr

djukA

l- pkydrk fof/k }kjk bZFkkbZy ,slhVsV ds lkcqfudj.k dk v/;;uA

n- pkydrk fof/k }kjk nqcZy vEy dk vk;u fLFkjkad Kkr djukA

bZ- foHkoekih }kjk fn;s x;s Qsjl veksfu;e lYQsV rFkk iksVsf'k;e ijesaxusV@iksVsf'k;e MkbZØksesV dk

vuqeku rFkk Fe++/Fe+++ \ dk vkDlhvodj.k foHko dh gkbMªkstu eki ij x.kuk djukA

fjÝsDVªksferh rFkk iksyjhferh

v- viorZu fu;e dk nzoksa ds feJ.kksa ¼tSls Xyhljksy ty½ }kjk vcs fjÝsDVªksa ehVj ds }kjk lR;kiu djukA

c- fn;s x;s izdk'k /kzqo.kh; ;kSfxd dk fof'k"V ?kw.kZu Kkr djukA

v.kqHkkj fu/kkZj.k

v- jkLV fof/k@csdesu xyukad fof/k }kjk fdlh vok"i'khy foys; dk v.kqHkkj Kkr djukA

c- fdlh fo|qr vi?kV; ds tyh; foy;u esa fofHkUu lkanzrkvksa ij DoFkukad fofèk }kjk vkHkklh fo;kstu dh

dksfV Kkr djukA

o.kZekih&

o.kZekih fof/k }kjk KMnO4/K2Cr2O7 ds foy;u dk mi;ksx djrs gq, yEcVZ fc;j ds fu;e dk lR;kiu djuk

rFkk fn;s x;s vKkr foy;u dh lkanzrk Kkr djukA

B.Sc. Third Year

Paper Title Marks Total Theory

Paper I Earth History-Paleontology and 50 Stratigraphy 150

Paper Earth Resources and Applied 50 Geology

Practical Practical and field work 50

B.A./B.Sc. Mathematics Part III

(Duration : One Year)

(For B.A./B.Sc. degree for which Two more subjects in addition to mathematics are required to be studies in the third year)

Core Courses

Compulsory Paper 1 - Analysis

Compulsory Paper 2 - Abstract Algebra

Optional Paper - Any One of the following (I to XII)

I. Principles of Computer Science-Theory and Practical

II. Differential Geometry

III. Discrete Mathematics

IV. Mechanics

V. Mathematical Modeling

VI. Applications of Mathematics in Finance and Insurance

VII. Tensor and Special Theory of Relativity

VIII. Elementary Number Theory

IX. Computational Mathematics Laboratory

X. Probability theory and Optimization-Theory and Practical

XI. Programming in C and Numerical Analysis- Theory and Practical

XII. Statistical Methods

Session : 2004-2005

Class : B.A./B.Sc. Part III Subject : Mathematics

Paper I Title of the paper : Analysis

(Duration : One Year) Real Analysis Unit I Riemann integral. Integrability of continuous and monotonic functions. The fundamental

theorem of integral calculus. Mean value theorems of integral calculus. Partical derivation and differentiability of real-valued functions of two variables. Schwarz

and t Young's theorem. Implicit function theorem. Unit II Improper integrals and their convergence, Comparison tests, Abel's and Dirichlet's tests.

Frullani's integral. Integral as a function of a parameter. Continuity, derivability and integrability of an integral of a function of a parameter.

Fouries series of half and full intervals. Complex Analysis Unit III Complex numbers as ordered pairs. Geometric representation of Complex numbers.

Stereographic projection. Continuity and differentiability of Complex functions. Analytic functions. Cauchy-Riemann

equations. Harmonic functions. Mobius transformations. Fixed points. Cross ration. Inverse points and critical mappings.

Conformal mappings. Metric Spaces Unit IV Definition and examples of metiric spaces. Neighbourhoods. Limit points. Interior points.

Open and closed sets. Closure and interior. Boundary points. Sub-sapce of a metirc space. Cauchy sequences. Completeness. Cantor's intersection theorem. Contraction principle. Real numbers as a complete ordered field. Dense subsets. Baire Category theorem. Separable, second countable spaces.

Unit V Continuous function. Extension theorem. Uniform continuity. Compactness. Sequential compactness. Totally bounded spaces. Finite intersection property. Continuous functions and compact sets. Connectedness.

Text Book 1. R.R. Goldberg, Real Analysis, Oxford & IBH publishing Co., New Delhi, 1970. 2. Shanti Narayan, Theory of Functions of a Complex Variable, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi. 3. G.F. Simmons, Introduction to Topology and Modern Analysis, McGraw-Hill, 1963. References 1. P.K. Jain and K. Ahmad, Metirc Spaces. Narosa, Publishing House, New Delhi, 1996. 2. T.M. Apostol, Mathematical Analysis, Norosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 1985. 3. S. Lang, Undergraduate Analysis, Springer-Veglag, New Yourk, 1983. 4. D. Somasundaram and B. Choudhary, A First Course in Mathematical Analysis, Narosa

Publishing House, New Delhi, 1997. 5. Shanti Narayan, A Course of Mathematical Analysis, S. Chjand & Co, New Delhi, 2000.

6. P.K. Jain and S.K. Kaushik, An introduction to Real Analysis, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi, 2000.

7. R.V. Churchill & J.W. Brow, Complex Variables and Application, 5th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1990.

8. Mark J. Ablowitz & A.S. Fokas, complex Variables : Introduction and Applications, Cambridge University Press, South Asian Edition, 1998.

9. E.T. Copson, Metirc Spaces, Cambridge University Press, 1968.

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Session : 2004-2005 Class : B.A/B.Sc. Part Three

Subject : Mathematics Paper II

Title Of the paper : Abstract Algebra


Unit I Group-Automorphisms, inner automorphis,. Automorphism groups. Conjugacy relation and centraliser. Normaliser. Counting principle and the class equation of a finite group. Cauchy's theorem and Sylow's theorems for finite abelian groups and non abelian groups.

Unit II Ring theory -Ring homomorphis. Ideals and Quotient Rings. Field of Quotinets of an Integral Domai. Euclidean Ribs. Polynomial Rings. Polynomials over the Rational Field. Polynomial Rigs over Commutative Rigs. Unique factorization domain.

Unit III Definition and examples of vector spaces. Subspaces.Sum and direct sum of subspaces. Linear span. Linear dependence, independence and their basic properties. Basis. Finite dimensional vector spaces. Existence theorem for bases. Invariance of the number of elements of a basis set. Dimension. Existence of complementary subspace of a subs pace of a finite dimensional vector space. Dimension of sums of subspaces. Quotient space and its dimension.

Unit IVLinear transformations and their representation as matrices. The Algebra of linear transformations. The rank nullity theorem. Change of basis. Dual space. Bidual space and natural isomorphism. Adjoint of a linear transformation. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a linear transformation. Diagonalisation. Bilinear, Quadratic and Hermitian forms.

Unit VInner Product Spaces-Cauchy-Schwarz indequality. Orthogonal vectors. Orthogonal complemetns. Orthonormal sets and bases. Bessel's inequality forfinite dimensional spaces. Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization process.

Text Books

1. I.N. Herstein, Topics in Algebra, Wiley Eastern Ltd,, New Delhi, 1975. 2. K. Hoffman and R. Kunze, Linear Albebra, 2nd Edition. Prentice Hall. Englewood Cliffs,

New Jersey, 1971.

References

1. N. Jacobson, Basic Albegra, Vols. I & II. W.H. Freeman, 1980 (Also published by Hindustan Publishing Company).

2. Shant Narayan, A Text Book of Modern Abstract Algebra, S. Chand & Co. New Delhi. 3. K.B. Datta, Martix and Linear Algebra, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2000. 4. P.B.Bhattacharya, S.K. Jain and S.R. Nagpal, Basic Abstract Algebra (2nd Edition)

Cambridge University Press, Indian Edition, 1997. 5. S.K. Jain, A . Gunawardena & P.BN. Bharttacharya, Basic Linear Algebra with MATLAB

key College Publishing (Springer-Verlag) 2001. 6. S. Kumaresan, Linear Algebra, A Geometric Approach, Prentice-Hall of India, 2000. 7. Vivek Sahai and vikas Bist, Algebra, Norosa Publishing House, 1997. 8. I.S. Luther and I.B.S. Passi, Algebrsa, Vol. I-Groups, Vol. II-Rings. Narosa Publishing

House (Vol. 1-1996, Vol. II-1999).

9. D.S. Malik, J.N. Mordeson, and M.K. sen, Fundamentals of Abstact Algebra, McGraw-Hili International Edition, 1997.

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Subject : Mathematics

Paper II Title Of the paper : Tensor and Differential Geometry


Unit I Contravarient and Covariant vectors, definition of Tensor, Gradiant, Tensor, Tensor field, Addition and subtractions of Tensors, multiplication of Tensors, inner product of Tensors, Contraction, symmetirc Tensor, Anti-symmetric Tensor, Quotient law, reciprocal, Invariant relative Tensor.

Differential Geometry

Unit II Local Theory of curves-Space curves. Examples. Planar curves. Helices. Serret-Frenet formulae. Existence of space curves. Involutes and evolutes of curves.

Global Curve Theory -Rotation index. Convex Curves. Isoperimetric inequality. Four vertex theorem.

Unit III Local Theory of Surfaces-Parametric patches on surface. First Fundamental form and arc length. Normal curvature. Geodesic curvature and Gauss formulae. Shape operator Lp of a surface at a point. Vector field along a curve. Second and third fundamental forms of a surface. Weiengarten map. Principal curvatures. Gaussian Curvature. Mean and normal curvatures. Gauss theorem egregium. Isometry groups and the fundamental existence theorem for surfaces.

Unit IV Global Theory of surface- Geodesic coordinate patches. Gauss-Bonnet formulae, Euler-characteristic of a surface. Index of a vector field. Spaces of constant curvature.

Intrinsic Theory of Surfaces in Riemannian Geometry-Parallel translation and connections. Cartan's structural equations and curvature. Interpretation of curvature.

Unit V Geodesic curvature and Gauss-Bonnet for a 2-dimensional Riemann surface. Geodesic coordinate systems. Isometries and spaces of constant curvature and the 3 types of geometry.

Transic Extension Theory of surfaces in R3-Spherical image. Parallel translation for imbedded surfaces in R3. Classification of compact connected oriented surfaces in R3 relative to curvature.

References

1. J.A. Thorpe, Introduction to Differential Geometry, Springer-verlag-

2. I.M. Singer and J.A. Thorpe, Lecture notes on Elementary Topology and Geometry, Springer Verlag, 1967.

3. B.O' Neill, Elementary Differential Geometry, Academic Press, 1966.

4. S. Sternberg, Lectures on Differential Geometry, Prentice-Hall, 1964.

5. M. DoCarmo, Differential Geometry of curves and surfaces, Prentice-Hall, 1976.

Session : 2004-2005 Subject : Mathematics

Optional Paper III Title Of the paper : Discrete Mathematics


Unit I Sets and propositions-Cardinality. Mathematical Induction. Principle of Inclusion and exclusion. Relations and Functions-Binary Relations. Equivalence Relations and Partitions.

Unit II Graphs and Planar Graphs-Basic Terminology. Multigraphs. Weighted Graphs. Paths and Circuits. Shortest Paths. Eulerian Paths and Circuits. Travelling Salesman Proble. Planar Graphs.

Unit III Computability and Formal Languages-Ordered Sets. Languages. Phrase Structure Grammers. Types of Grammer and Languages.

Finite State Machines-Equivalent Machines. Finite State Machines as Language Recognizers.

Unit IV Discrete Numeric Functions and Generating Functions. Discrete Probability. Recurrence relations and recursive algorithms-Linear recurrence relations with Constant

Coefficients. Homogeneous Solutions. Particular Solution. Total Solution. Solution by the Method of

Generating Functions. Unit V Boolean Algebras-Lattices and Algebraic Structures. Duality. Distributive and

Complemented Lattices. Boolean Lattices and Boolean Algebras. Boolean Functions and Expressions.

Propositional Calculus. Design and Implementation of Digital Networks. Switching Circuits.

Recommended Text 1. C.L. Liu, Elements of Discrete Mathematics, (Second Edition), McGraw Hill, Internationa

Edition, Computer Science Series, 1986.

Subject : Mathematics Paper IV

Title Of the paper : Mechanics


Unit I Moments and products of inertia. The momental Ellipsoid. Equimomental Systems. Principal axes. D' Alembert's principle. The general equations of motion of a rigid body. Motion of the Centre of inertia and motion relative to the Centre of inertia.

Unit II Motion about a fixed axis. The compound pendulum. Centre of percussion. Motion of a rigid body in two dimensions unde finite and impulsive forces.

Conservation of Momentum and Energy. Hydrostatics : Unit III Pressure equation. Condition of equilibrium. Lines of force. Homogeneous and

heterogeneous fluids. Elastic fluids. Surrface of Equal pressure. Fluid at rest under action of gravity. Rotating fluids.

Unit IV Fluid Pressure on plane surfcace. Centre of pressure. Resultant pressure on curved surfaces. Equilibrium of floating bodies. Curves of buoyancy. Surface of buoyancy.

Unit V Stability of equilibrium of floating bodies. Meta centre. Work done in producing a displancement, Vessel, containing liquid. Gas laws. Mixture of gases. Internal Energy. Adiabatic expansion. Work done in compressing a gas. Isothermal Atmosphere. Connective equilibrium.

Text Book 1. S.L. Loney, An Elementary Treatise on the Dynamics of a Particle and of Rigid bodies,

Cambridge University Press, 1956. 2. A.S. Ramsey, Dynamics, Part I, Cambridge University Press, 1973. 3. W.H. Besant and A.S. Ramsey, A Treatise on Hydromechanics, Part I Hydrostatics,

ELBS and G. Bell an Sons Ltd., London. 4. M. Ray and H.S. Sharma, Dynamics of Rigid Body Students Friends, Agra. 5. M.Ray and H.S. Sharma, Hydrostatars, Students friends Agra.

Subject : Mathematics Optional Paper V

Title Of the paper : Mathematical Modeling


Unit I The process of Applied Mathematics, setting up first order differential equations, qualitative soulution sketching, stability of solutions.

Unit II Difference and differential equation models of growth and decay, single species population model, exponential and logistic population models. Age structure model, prey predator models for two species.

Unit III Introduction to pharmaco kinetics, compartments, two and three compartment models in pharmaco kinetics.

Unit IV Epidemiological models, SI, SIS, SIR and SIER models of epidemic of growth. Unit V Traffic models, car following models, models from political science proportional

representation, cumulative voting, comparison voting.

Text Books : 1. Kapoor, J.N. : Mathematical models in Biology and Medicine, EWP (1985) 2. Bio-mathematics an introduction, M.P. Hindu Growth Academy, 1993. 3. Martin Braun, C.S. Coleman, DA Drew (Eds) Differential Equation Models, Vol. I 4. Steven J.B. Lucas W.P. staffin B.D. (Eds. ) Political and Related Models, Vol.2 Reference Books : 1. Cullen Linen Models in Biology. 2. Rubinow, SI : Introduction to Mathematical Biology. John Wiley and soni 1975.

Subject : Mathematics Optional Paper VI

Title Of the paper : Application of Mathematics in Finance and Insurance (Duration : One Year)

Unit I Financial Management - An overview. Nature and Scope of Financial Management. Goals of Financial Management and main decisions of financial management. Difference between risk, speculation and gambling.

Time value of Money-Interest rate and discount rate. Present value and future value-I discrete case as well as continuous compounding case. Annuities and its kinds.

Unit II Meaning of return. Return as Internal Rate of return (IRR). Numerical Methods like Newton Raphson Method to calculate IRR. Measurement of returns under uncertainty situations. Meaning of risk. Difference between risk and uncertainty. Types of risks. Measurements of risk. Calculation of security and Portfolio Risk an Return-Markowitz Model. Sharpe's Single Index Model-Systematic Risk and Unsystematic Risk.

Unit III Taylor series and Bond Valuation. Calculation of Duratio and Convexity of bonds. financial Derivtives-Futrues. Forward. Swaps and Options. Call and Put Option. Call and Put Parity Theorem. Pricing of contigent claims through Arbitrage and Arbitrage Theorem.

Application of Mathematics in Insurance Unit IV Insuranc Fundamentals-Insurance denied. Meaning of loss. Chances of loss, peril,

hazard, and proximate cause in insurance. Costs and benefits of insurance to the society and branches of insurance-life insurance and various types of general insurance. Insurable loss exposures-feature of a loss that is ideal for insurance.

Unit V Life Insurance Mathematics -Construction of Mortality Tables. Computation of Premium of . Life Insurance for a fixed duration and for the whole life. Determination of claims for General Insurance-Using Poisson Distribution and Negative Binomial Distribution-the Ploya Case.

Determination of the amount of Claims in General Insurance-Compound claim model and its properties, and claims of reinsurance. Calculation of a compound claim density function. Frecursive and approximate formulae for F.

Text Book 1. Sheldon M. Ross, An Introduction to Mathematical Finance, Cambridge University

Press.

2. Mark S. Dorfman, Introduction to Risk Management and Insurance, Prentice Hall, Englwood Cliffs, New Jersey.

References 1. Aswath Damodaran,. Corporate Finance-Theory and Practice, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

2. John C. Hull, Options, Futures, and Other Derivatives, Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited.

3. C.D. Daykin, T. Pentikainen and M. Pesonen, Practical Risk Theory for Actuaries, Chapman & Hall.

Subject : Mathematics Optional Paper VII

Title Of the paper : Tensor and Special Theory of Relativity


Unit I Contravarient and covariant vectors, definition of Tensor, Gradient, Tensor field, Addition and subtractions of Tensors, multiplication of Tensors, Inner product of Tensors, Contraction, symmetric Tensor, Anti-symmetric Tensor, Quotient law, Reciprocal, Invariant relative Tensor.

Special Theory of Relativity Unit II Review of Newtonian mechanics-Intertial frames. Speed of light and Galilean relativity.

Michelson-Morley experiment. Lorentz-Fitzgerold contraction hypothesis. Relative character of space and time. Postulates of special theory of relativity. Lorentz transformation equations and its geometrical interpretation. Group properties of Lorentz transformations.

Unit III Relativistic kinematics -Composition of parallel velocities. Length contraction. Time dilation. Transformation equation for components of velocity and acceleration of a particle and Lorentz contraction factor.

Unit IV Geometricl representation of space-time-Four dimensional Minkowskian space-time of special relativity. Time-like, light-like and space-like intervals. Null cone, Proper time. World line of a particle. Four vectors and tensors in Minkowskian space-time.

Unit V Relativistic mechanics-Variation of mass with velocity. Equivalence of mass and energy. Transformation equations for mass momentum and energy. Energy-momentum four vector. Relativistic force and Transformation equations for its components. Relativistic Lagrangian and Hamiltonian. Relativistic equations of motion of a particle. Energy momentum tensor of a continuous material distribution.

Text Book 1. A.W. Joshi, Marrix and Tensor in Physics, Willey Estern

2. R. Resnick, Introduction to Spcial Relativity. Wiley Eastern Pvt. Ltd. 1972.

References 1. C. Moller, The Theory of Relativity, Oxford Clarendon Press, 1952. 2. PG. Bergmann, Introduction to the Theory of Relativity, Prentice Hall of India, Pvt.Ltd.

1969. 3. J.L. Anderson, Principles of Relativity Physics, Academic Press, 1967 ~4. W. Rindler,

Essential Relativity, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1969. 4. V.A. Ugarov, Special Theory of Relativity, Mir Publishers, 1979. 5. J.L. Synge, Relativity :The Special Theory, North-Holland Publishing Company, 1956. 6. W.G. Dixon, Special relativity : The Foundation of Macroscopic Physics, Cambridge

University Press, 1982.


Optional Paper VIII Title Of the paper :Elementary and Combinatorial Number Theory


Elementary Number Theory Unit I Primes and Factorization. Division algorithm. Congruences and modular arithmetic.

Chinese remainder theorem. Unit II Euler phi function. Primitive roots of unity. Quadratic law of reciprocity, application.

Arithmetical functions. Unit III Mobius inversion formula. The Diophanitine equations X2 +Y2 = Z2, X4 + Y4 =Z4. Farey

sequences. Unit IV Set addition. Theorems of Mann, Davenport and Chowla. Vosper theorem. Kneser

theorem. e-transform and its properties. Unit V Theorem of Besicovitch. E-G-Z theorem. Erdos-Heilbronn conjecture, Freiman's theorem.

Text book 1. I. Niven, S.H. Zuckerman, and L.H. Montgomery, An Introduction to the Theory of

Numbers, John Wiley, 1991. 2. G.H. Hardy, Number Theory 3. Melvyn B. Nathanson, Additive Number Theory : Inverse Problems and the Geometry of

Sumsets, Springer, 1996.

References 1. David M. Burton, Elementary Number Theory, Wm. C. Brown Publishers, Dubuque, Iowa,

1989. 2. K. Ireland, and M. Rosen, A Classical Introduction to Modern Number Theory, GTM Vol.

84, Springer Verlag, 1972. 3. G.A. Jones, and J.M. Jones, Elementary Number Theory, Springer, 1998. 4. W. Sierpinski, Elementary Theory of Numbers, North-Holland, 1988. Ireland. 5. K. Rosen and M. Rosen, A Classical Introduction to Modern Number Theory, GTM Vol.

84. Springer Veglag, 1972. 6. H.B. Mann, Addition theorems, Krieger, 1976.

Subject : Mathematics Optional Paper X

Title Of the paper : Probability Theory and Optimization


Probability Theory Unit I Notion of probability : Random experiment, sample sapce, saxiom of probability,

elementary properties of probability, equally likely outcome problems. Random variables : Concept, cumulative distribution function, discrete and continuous

random variables, expecetations, mean, variance, moment generating function. Discrete random variable : Bernoulli random variable, binomial randoum variable,

geometric random variable, poisson randoum variable and corresponding distributios. Unit II Continuous random variables : Uniform random variable, exponential random variable,

Gamma random variable, normal variable and corresponding distributions. Conditional probability and conditional expectations, Bayes theorem, independence,

computing expectation by conditioning; some applicatins-a list model, a random graph, Polya's urn model.

Unit III Bivariate random variables : Joint distribution, marginal and conditional distribution, correlation coefficient.

Functions of random variables :Sum of random variables, the law of large numbers and central limit theorem, the approximation of distributions.

Uncertainty, information and entropy, conditional entropy, solution of certain logical problems by calculating infomation.

Optimization Unit IVThe linear programming problem. Problem formulation. Linear programming in matrix

notation. Graphical solution of linear programming problems. Some basic properties of conves sets, convex sets, convex functions. Theory and application of the simplex method.

Unit V The solution of a linear programming problem. Charne's M-Technique. The two phase

method. Principal of duality in linear programming problem. Fundamental duality theorem. Simple problems. The Transpotation and Assignment problems. (Balanced case)

Text Books 1. S.C. Gupta and V.K. Kapoor, Mathematical Statistics 2. G. Hadley, Linear Programming, Narosa Publishing House, 1995. References 1. S.M. Ross, Introduction to Probability Models (Sixth edition) Academic Press, 1997. 2. I. Blake, An Introduction to Applied Probability, John Wiley & Sons, 1979. 3. J. Pitman, Probability, Narosa, 1993. 4. A.M. Yagolam and I.M. Yagolam, Probability and Information, Hindustan Publishing

Corporation, Delhi, 1983. 5. Mokhtar S. Bazaraa, John J. Jarvis and Hanif D. Shirali, Linear Programming and

Network flows, John Wiley & Sons, 1990. 6. S.I. Gass, Linear Programming : Methods and Applications (4th edition) McGraw-Hill,

New York, 1975. 7. Kanti Swaroop, P.K. Gupta and Man Mohan, Operations research, Sultan Chand & Sons,

New Delhi. 1998. List of Practicals : 1. Graphical solution of two dimensional LPP. 2. Maximisation of an objective function in a LPP with or without artifical variables.

3. Minimisation of an objective function in a LPP. 4. Optimum solution of a T.P. by Voyel's methods. 5. Optimum solution of an assignment problem. 6. Calcualtion of coreelation coefficient of a bivariate data. 7. Writing of dual problem of a given LPP.


Optional Paper XI Title Of the paper : Programming in C and Number Analysis


Unit I Programmer's model of a computer. Algorithms. Flow Charts. Data Types. Arithmetic and input output instructions. Decisions control structures. Decisions statement. Logical and Conditional operatorsl Loop. case control structures. Functions. Recursions. Arrays.

Numerical Analysis Unit II Solution of Equations : Bisection, Secant, Regula Falsi, Newton's Method, Roots of

second degree Polynomials. Interpolation : Laagrange Interpolation, Divided Differences, Interpolation Formulas using

Differences. Numerical Quadrature : Newton-Cote's Fourmulas, Gauss Quadrature Formulas. Unit III Linear Equations : Direct Methods for Systems of Linear Equations (Guass Elimination,

LU Decomposition, Cholesky Decomposition(, Iterative Methods (Jacobi, Gauss-Seidel, Reduction Methods).

The Algebraic Eigenvalue problem : Jacobi's Method, Givens' Method, Householder's Method, Power Method, QR Method, Lanczos' Method.

Unit IV Oridinary Differential Equatiojns : Euuler Method, Single-step Methods, Runge-Kutta's Method, Multi-step Methods, Milne-Simpson Method, Methods Based on Numericaol Integrtion, Methods Based on Numerical Differentiation, Boundary Value Problems, Eigenvalue Problems.

Approximation: Different Types of Approximation, Least Square Polynomial Approximation, Polynomial Approximation using Orgthogonal Polynomials, Approximatin with Trignonmetric Funcetions, Exponential Functions, Chebychev Polynomials, Rational Functions.

Monte Carlo Methods Unit V Random number generation, congruential generators, statistical tests of pseudo-random

numberrs. Random variate generatin, inverse transform method, composition method, acceptance-rejection method, generation of exponential, normal variates, binomal and Poisson variates.

Books 1. Najaraman, Programming in C, Prentice Hall of India, 1994.

2. Froberg, Introduction to Numerical Analysis, (Second Edition), Addison-Wesley, 1979. Other References.

Refrences

1. Mullish & Herbert L. Cooper. Spirit of C: An Introduction to Modern Programming, Jaico Publishers, Kernighan And D.M.Ritchie, The C Programming Language 2nd Edition, (ANSI features) Prentice Hall, 1989. A. Darnel and Philip E. Margolis, C: A Soft ware Engineering Approach, Narosa Publishing House, 1993. C. Hutchison and Steven B. Just, Programming using c Language, McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., 1998.

2. B. Scarborough, Numerical Mathematicla Analyisis, Oxford and IBH Publishing co. Pvt. Ltd. 1966.

3. J. Maron, Numerical Analysis A Practical Approach, Macmillan publishing co., Inc. New York, 1982.

4. Jain, S.R.K. lyengar, R.K. Jain, Nuimerical Methjods Problems and Solutions, New age International (P) Ltd.,

5. Jain, S.R.K. lyengar, R.K. Jain, Numerical Methods for scientific and Engineering omputation, New Age international (P) Ltd., 1999.

6. Rubistein, Simulation and the Monte Carlo Methods, John Wiley, 1981.

7. Yakowitz, Computational Probability and Simulation, Addison-Wesley, 1977.

Practicle : 1. Program for Arithmetic Operation

2. Program for finding greatest of three numbers.

3. Program to find roots of quadratic equation.

4. Program to find the factorial of given number by recursion.

5. Program to print sum of n digits of a given numbers.

6. Decimal to Binary conversion.

7. Binary to Decimal conversion.

8. Program to obtain the largest and smallest number in list of numbers. (Bubble sort) Bisection method.

9. Newton Raphson method.

10. Program to print a given number in reverse order.

Subject : Mathematics Optional Paper XII

Title Of the paper : Statistical Methods (Duration : One Year)

Total Marks : 50

Unit I Frequency distribution-Measures of central tendency, mean, median, mode, G.M. , H.M., partition values, measures of dispersion-range, inter quartile range, mean deviation, standard deviation., moments, skewness and kurtosis.

Unit II Probability-Event, sample space, probability of an event, addition and multiplication theorems, Baye's theorem, continuous probability-probability density function and its applictions for finding the mean, mode, median and standard deviation of various continuous probability distributions. Mathematical expectation, expectation of sum and product of random variables, moment generating function.

Unit III Theoretical distribution-Binomial, Poisson, normal, rectangulars and exponential distributions, their properties and uses.

Unit IV Methods of least squares, curve fitting, correlation and regression, partial and multiple correlations (upto three variables only).

Unit V Sampling-Sampling of large samples, Null and alternative hypothesis, errors of first and second kinds, level of significance, critical region, tests of significance based of χ2, t, F and z-static.

Text Book 1. Statistics by M. Ray

Reference Book 1. Statistical Methods, H.K. Pathak, Shiksha Sahitya Prakash, Meeruth

2. Fundamentals fo Mathematical Statistics, Kapoor and Gupta.

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lkaf[;dh&fof/k;kW

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eku]

fopj.k ds eki& ijl] vUrjprqFkZd ijkl] ek/; fopyu] ekud fopyu] vk?kw.kZ] fo"kerk] dqdwnrkA

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izes;] csjt izes;]

lrr izkf;drk&izkf;drk ?kuRo Qyu vkSj fofHkUu lrr izkf;drk caVuksa ds ek/;] cgqyd] ekf/;dk

vkSj ekud fopyu fudkyus es vuqiz;ksx] xf.krh; izR;k'kk] nks ;kn`fPnd pjksa ds ;ksx ,oa xq.ku dh

izR;k'kk] vk?kw.kZ tfur QyuA

bdkbZ 3 lS)kafrd caVu&f}in] ikblu] izklkekU;] vk;rkdkj vkSj pj ?kkrkadh caVu ds xq.k vkSj mi;ksxA

bdkbZ 4 U;wure oxZ fof/k] oØ vklatu] lglaca/k vkSj lekJ;.k] vkaf'kd ,oa cgqy lglaca/k ¼rhu pjksa rd½

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=qfV;kW] ijh{k.k dh 'kfDr] lokZf/kd 'klDr {ks=] χ2, t, F vkSj z-ekudksa ij vk/kkfjr ijh{k.kA

ikB~; iqLrd

1- xf.krh; lkaf[;dh & }kjk % ,e-js-

vuq'kaflr iqLrdaas %&

1- lkaf[;dh fof/k;kW & }kjk% ,p-ds- ikBd

2- xf.krh; lkaf[;dh ds ewy rRo&}kjk % xqIrk ,oa diwj

Subject : Statistics

Optional Paper I

Title Of the paper : Applied Statistics


Total Marks : 50

Unit I Indian Applied Statistical Systems : Present official statistical system in India. Methods of collection of official statistics, their reliability and limitations and the principal publications containing such.

Statistics on the topics : Population, agriculture, industry, trade, price, labour and employment, transport and communications, banking and finance. Demographic Methods : Source of demographic data-census, register, adhoc survey, hospital records, demographic profiles of Indian census.

Unit II Measurement of mortality and life table : Crude death rate, infant mortality rates, death rate by cause, standarized death rate, complete life table-its main features, mortality rate and probability of dying, use of survival tables Measurement of fertility : Crude birth rate, general fertrility rate, total fertility rate, gross reproduction rate, net reporduction rate.

Unit III Economic Statistics : Index number0Its definition, applications of index numbers, price relatives and quantity or volume relatives, link and chain relatives, problems involved in computation of index numbers, use of averages, simple aggregtive and weighted

aggregative methods, Laspeyre's, Paasche's and Fisher's index numbers, time and factor reversal tests of index numbers. Consumer Price Index.

Unit IV Statis laws of demand and supply, price elasicity of demand, analysis of income and allied size distribution-Pareto distributionk,, graphical test, fitting of Pareto's law, log normal distribution and its properties, Lorenz curve and estimation of elasticity from time series data. Gini's coefficient.

Unit V Time Series Analysis : Economic time series, its different components, Illustrations, additive and multiplicative models,d etermination of trend, growth curves, analysis of seasonal fluctuatins, constructin of seasonal indices.

(Total Lecture : 90)

References : 1. Croxton F.El and Cowden D.J.(1969) : Applied General Statistics, Prentice Hall of India. 2. Goon A.M., Gupta M.K., das Gupta.. B. (1986) : Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol.II, World

Press, Calcutta. 3. Guide to Current Indian Official Statistics : Central Statistical Organization, Govt. Of India,

New Delhi. 4. Saluja M.P. () Indian Official sttistical Systems, Statistical Publishing Society, Calcutta. 5. Srivataba O.S. (1983) : A Text book of Demography, Vikas Publishing.

Additional Refernces 1. Gupta and Mukhopadhyay P.P () Applied Statistics, Central Book Agency. 2. Pressat R.(1978) : Statistical Demography, Methuen and Co. Ltd.

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ds laxzg.k dh fof/k;kW] mudh fo'oluh;rk ,oa lhek,a] ,oa izeq[k izdk'ku ftueda tula[;k]d`f"k]

m|ksx] O;kikj] ewY;] Je ,oa jkstxkj] ifjogu ,oa lapkj] cSafdax ,oa foRr fo"k;ksa ij ,slh lkaf[;dh

nh gqbZ gksA

tulkaf[;dh & fof/k;kW] tulkaf[;dh leadks ds Jksr&lax.kuk] iath rnFkz losZ{k.k] gkfLiVy ds

fjdkMZl] Hkkjrh; tux.kuk dh tulkaf[;dh ik'oZdA

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mRrjthfork lkj.kh ds mi;ksxA moZjrk&eki] v'kksfèkr tUe&nj] lkekU; iztuu nj] lEiw.kZ

iztuu&nj] lEiw.kZ iztuu&nj]ldry iqu:Riknu&nj] usV iztuu&nj]

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Ja[kfyr ,oa Ja[kyk vkisf{krA lwpdkadks dh x.kuk esa vkus okyh leL;k;sa] vkSlrksa dk mi;ksx] ljy

lkeqnkf;d ,oa Hkkfjr lkeqnkf;d fof/k;kWA ysLis;j] ik'ks ,oa fQ'kj ds lwpdkadA lwpdkadksa ds le;

,oa miknku mRØe.k ijh{k.kA miHkksDrk ewY; lwpdkadA

bdkbZ 4 ekax ,oa iwfrZ dh LFkSfrd fof/k;kW] ekax dh ewY; dk yksp] vkenuh ,oa blds&vkeki caVu dk fo'ys"k.k

caVu] xzkfQdy ijh{k.k] iSjVksa ds fu;e dk vklatuA ykWx izlkekU; caVu ,oa bldh fo'ks"krk;sa]

ykjsaUt oØ ,oa dky Js.kh vkadM+ksa }kjk yksp dk vkdyuA fxuh dk xq.kkadA

bdkbZ 5 dky Js.kh fo'ys"k.k % vkfFkZd dky Js.kh;kW] buds fofHkUu ?kVd] fun'kZu] ;ksT; xq.kkRed fun'kZ]

miufr dk fu/kkZj.k] o`f) oØ] _rqfu"B fopj.k dk fo'ys"k.k] _rqfu"B lwpdkadks dh jpukA

O;k[;kuks dh la[;k % 90

vuq'kaflr ikB~; iqLrd

fVIi.kh % vaxzsth vuqokn es anh xbZ lHkh iqLrdsa vuq'kaflr gSA

Subject : Statistics Optional Paper II

Title Of the paper : Statistical Quality Control and Computational Techniques (Duration : One Year)

Total Marks : 50

Unit I Importanc eof statistical methods in industrial research and practice, specification of items and lot qualities corresponding to visual gauging, count and measurements, types of inspection, etermination of tolerance limits. General theory of control charts, causes of variation in quality, control limits, sub-grouping, summary of out-of control criteria, charts for attributes, np chart, p-chart,c-chart, U-chart.

Unit II Charts for variables : X and R charts, design of X and R charts versus P-charts, process capability studies. Principle of acceptance sampling-problem of lot acceptance, stipulation of good and bad lots, producer's and 'consumers risks, single and double sampling plans, their OC functions, concepts of AQl, LTPD, AOQL,average amount of inspection and ASN functions, rectifying inspection plans. Sampling inspection plans, Indian Standards Tables Part I (including appllication), IS 2500.

Unit III Computational techniques : Difference tables and methods of interpolatio, Newton's and Lagrange's methods of interpolation, Divided differences, numerical disfferentiation and integration, Trapezoidal rule, Simpson's one-third formula, iterative solution of non-linear equatins.

Unit IV Linear Programming : Elementalry theory of convex sets, definition of general linear programming problems (LPP), formaulation problems of LPP, examples of LPP, Problems occuring in various field, graphical solution of LPP.

Unit V Simplex method of solving and LPP, artificial variables, duality of LPP. Transportation Problem (non degenerate and balance cases only), Assignment Proble. (Balance cases only)

No. of lectures :90 References 1. Brownlee K.A. (1960) : Statistical Theory and Methodolgy in Science and Engineering,

John Wiley and Sons.

2. Grant E.L. (1964) : Statistical Quality Control, McGraw Hill. 3. Duncan A.J. (1974) : Quality control and Industrial Statistics, Taraporewala and Sons,

GAss S.I. 4. (1975) : Linear Programming Methods and Applications, McGraw Hill. 5. Rajaraman, V (1981) . Computer Oriented Numerical Methods, Hall. 6. Mukhopadhyay, P. (2000) Applied Sttistics Central Book agency, Kolkatta. 7. Sastry S.S. (1987) : Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis, Prentice Hall. 8. Taha H.A. (1989) : Operation sResearch : An Introduction, Macmillan Publishing.

Company. Additinal References 1. Bowker H.A. and Liberman G.T. (1962) : Engineering Statistics, Prentice Hall. 2. Cowden D.J. (1960) : Statistical Methods in Quality Control, Asia Publishing Society. 3. Garvin W.W. (1960) : Introduction to Linear Programming, McGraw Hill. 4. Mahajari M (2001) : Sttiscal Quality Control, Dhanpat Rai & Co. (P) Ltd. 5. Rao S.S. (1984) Optimization Theory and Applications Wiley Eastern. 6. Krishnamt thy E.V. and Sen S.K. (1976) :Computer Based Numerical Algorithms,

Affiliated East-West pres. 7. Danti Swarp, Manmohan & Gupta- Operatins Research, Sultan Chand & Sons.


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ifjek.k ,oa ASN Qyu] fujh{k.k ;kstuk dk la'kksy/ku] izrn'khZ fujh{k.k vk;kstuk dk la'kks/ku] izrn'khZ fujh{k.k

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?kVuk,W½ vkoaVu leL;k,W ¼dsoy lUrqfyr ?kVukvksa ds fy,½

O;k[;kuksa dh la[;k % 90

Subject : Statistics

Principal Total Marks : 50

Unit I Practical 1. Computing measures of mortality & fertility, construction of life tables and examples

involving use oflife tables, Graduation of mortality rates by Gompertz curve, fitting of a logistic curve.

2. Construction of Index Numbers by Laspeyre's, Paasche's Fishrer's method.

3. Determination of trend in a time series, constuction of seasonal indices.

4. Fitting of pareto curve to income data, Lorenz curve to concentration, estimation of price elasticity of demand from time series data.

5. Drawing of X-R, Np, P and C-charts. Drawing of OC curve for single and double sampling plans for attributes, AOQ and ATI curves.

6. Construction of difference tables, use of Newton's Lagrange's methods of interpolation and divided difference formulae, numerical evaluation of integrals using. Trapezoidal and Simpson's one-third formulae, solutio of non-linear equation by Newton-Raphson iterative method.

7. Formulation of LPP's and their duals. Solving LPPs by graphical and simplex methods, transportation and assignement problems.

(30 Practicals)

Scheme of Practical Exam

1. Durantion of Practical Examination : 4 hours 2. One major experiment - 15 marks 3. Two minor experiments -10 marks (each) 4. Viva-voce - 7 marks 5. Record - 8 marks.


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2- vkLis;j] ik'ks ,oa fQ'kj dh fof/k;ksa ls izkIr lwpdkadksa dk fuekZ.kA

3- dkyJs.kh esa miufr dk fu/kkZj.k] ekSleh lwpdkadksa dk fuekZ.kA

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dh ewY; yksp dk vkadyuA

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7- LPP ,oa muds }Srksa dk lw=hdj.kA LPP dks xzkQhdy ,oa flEiysDl dh fofèk;ksa ls gy djuk] ifjogu

,oa vkoaVu leL;kvkas dk gyA ¼dsoy larqfyr ?kVukvksa ds fy,½

izk;ksfxd dk;Z ewY;kadu ;kstuk

le;& 4?kaVs iw.kkZad& 50

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v- ,d estj iz;ksx 15

c- nks ek;uj iz;ksx 10 ¼izR;sd½

2- izk;ksfxd&fjdkMZ 08

3- ekSf[kd iz'uksRrj 07

Class : B.A/B.Sc. Part III Geography

There shall be two Theory papers and one Practical paper of 50 marks each in B.A./B.Sc. Part II. The nomenclture of these papers will be as noted below :

Paper I : Geography of India

Paper II : Resources and Environment

Paper III : Practical Geography-Cartography & Surveying III

Note :

1. Each theory paper shall be of 3 hours duration.

2. Each theory paper will be divided into FIVE units and cancidates will have internal choice within the unit.

3.(a) The time and division of marks in Practical Examination shall be as follows : (i) Lab. Work 15 marks 2 Hours (ii) Surveying 10 marks 2 Hours (iii) Field Report 10 marks (iv) Practical Record 10 marks (v) Viva-voce 05 marks

(b) The external and internal examiners shall jointly submit marks for practical examination.

(c) Candicates shal submit at the time of Practical examination their Practical Records dyly signed by the teacher concerned with dates.

(d) Session marks in Geography mean marks awarded for the Practical Records as probided under sub-clause 3 (a) above.

Geography Paper I : Geography of India

Total Marks 50

Objectives : The course aims at presenting a comprehensive integrated and empirically based profile

of India. Besides, the objective is to highlight the linkages of systematic geography of India with the regional personality of the country. The course in designed so as to present the role of the geographical positioning of India in moulding its geopolitical personality and its inter-relations with other countries.

Course Contents :

Unit I Locational characteristics; land of diversities, unity in diversity. Physical features: structure, relief and physiography; drainge; Climate-origin of monsoon,

regional and seasonal variations.

Unit II Natural resources : Soils-types, their distribution and characteristics; forest-types, distribution and economic significance; mineral and power resources-distribution and production of major minerals, e.g. iron ore, copper, bauxite, limestone, coal, petroleum and naturalgas; development of power, non-conventional sources of energy.

Unit III Cultural landscape : Population-distribution, density and growth, urbnization. Changing nature of Indian econmy : agricurlture- major crops, growth during the plan

period, impact of green revolution, regionalization of Indian agriculture; water resources availability, utilization and conservation methods rain harvesting and watershed management.

Unit IV Industrial development location and distribution of iron and steel, cement, cotton textile and sugar industry, International trade. Contemporary issues in India: regional disparity, poverty, impact of development on environment and globalization.

Unit V Geography of Madhya Pradesh : Physical features, drainage, rainfall distribution and its vriability. Forest and mineral and power resources, population, status of tribal communities; agriculture, irrigation and manufacturing.

Suggested Readings :

1. Deshpande C.D. India - A regiona Interpretation. Northern Book Centre, New Delhi, 1992.

2. Government of India. India-Reference Annual 2002. Publication Division, New Delhi, 2002.

3. Government of India. National Atlas of India. National Atlas and Thematic Mapping Organisation Publication, Kolkata.

4. Government of India. The Gazetteer of India; Vol. I & III. Publication Div., New Delhi, 1965.

5. Shafi, M. Geography of South Asia. McMillan and Co. Kolkata, 2000.

6. Singh, R.L. (ed) : India-A Regional Geography : National geographical Society of India, Vaaranasi, 1971.

7. Spate, O.H.K. and A.T.A. Learmonth : India and Pakistan-Land, People and Economy. Methuen and Co., London, 1967.

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gkml] eqEcbZ

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fgUnh xzUFk vdkneh] Hkksiky

3- caly lqjs'kpUnz % e-izdk HkkSxksfyd v/;;u] e-iz- fgUnh xzUFk

vdkneh] Hkksiky

4- caly lqjs'kpUnz % Hkkjr dk o`gn Hkwxksy] ehuk{kh izdk'ku] esjB

5- flag txnh'k % Hkkjr dk Hkwxksy] Kkuksn; izdk'ku] xksj[kiqj

ch-,-@ch-,l-lh- r`rh; o"kZ

Hkkjr dk Hkwxksy

iz'u i= 1

dqy vad % 50

mn~ns';

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Lo:i ds ifjizs{; esa Hkkjr ds Øec) Hkwxksy ds rnkRE; dks LFkkfir djuk gSA ikB~;Øe dks bl

izdkj ls cuk;k x;k gS fd Hkkjr dh HkkSxksfyd fLFkfr dk izHkko] ns'k dh HkwjktuSfrd fLFkfr rFkk

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fo"k; lwph %

bdkbZ 1 fLFkfrtU; fo'ks"krk,W] fofo/krkvksa dk ns'k] vusdrk esa ,drkA HkkSfrd Lo:i] lajpuk] mPpkop ,oa

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ty lalk/ku&miyC/krk] mi;ksfxrk ,oa lja{k.k dh fof/k;kW&o"kkZ ty laxzg.k ¼gkjosfLVax½ vkSj ty

foHkktd ¼okWVj 'ksM½ izca/kuA

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bdkbZ 5 e-izdk Hkwxksy% HkkSfrd Lo:i] viokg] o"kkZ dk forj.k rFkk mldh ifjorZu'kyrk] ou] [kfut ,oa

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izLrkfor iqLrdsa

(i) Deshpande C.D. India - A regiona Interpretation. Northern Book Centre, New Delhi, 1992.

(ii) Government of India. India-Reference Annual 2002. Publication Division, New Delhi, 2002.

(iii) Government of India. National Atlas of India. National Atlas and Thematic Mapping Organisation Publication, Kolkata.

(iv) Government of India. The Gazetteer of India; Vol. I & III. Publication Div., New Delhi, 1965.

(v) Shafi, M. Geography of South Asia. McMillan and Co. Kolkata, 2000. (vi) Singh, R.L. (ed) : India-A Regional Geography : National geographical Society of India,

Vaaranasi, 1971. (vii) Spate, O.H.K. and A.T.A. Learmonth : India and Pakistan-Land, People and Economy.

Methuen and Co., London, 1967.

frokjh fot; % Hkkjr dk Hkwxksy Hkkx 1 ,oa 2 fgeky; ifCyf'kax gkml]

eqEcbZ

Jhdey 'kekZ % Hkkjr dk Hkwxksy e-iz- ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa] e-iz- fgUnh

xzUFk vdkneh] Hkksiky

caly lqjs'kpUnz % e-izdk HkkSxksfyd v/;;u] e-iz- fgUnh xzUFk vdkneh]

Hkksiky

caly lqjs'kpUnz % Hkkjr dk o`gn Hkwxksy] ehuk{kh izdk'ku] esjB

flag txnh'k % Hkkjr dk Hkwxksy] Kkuksn; izdk'ku] xksj[kiqj

Class : B.A/B.Sc. Part III

Geography Paper II : Resources and Environment

Total Marks 50

Objectives : The objective of this paper is to provide and overview of resource geography and its

interface with environment. The course aims to provide an understanidng of the existing reality of resource utilization and environmental depletion and to introduce the concept of sustainable resource use and sustainble development.

Course contents :

Unit I Meaning, nature and components of resources and environment. Resources and environment interface.

Classification of resources : renewable and non-renewable, biotic and abiotic; resource appraisal-methods of land evaluation and land capability classification.

Unit II Distribution of wate, minerls and energy resources, their ecomonic and environmental significance and conservation. Types and sistribution of forests and fisheries-their economic and environmental significance and conservation. Major soil types and their distribution; problems of soil erosion and soil conservation.

Unit III Human resource : Number, land-man ratio, demographic attributes-age, sex and literacy; population pressure and resource utilization.

Concept of sustainable resource use and sustainable development.

Unit IV Classification of Environment : Natureal and Human. Man-environment relationships with respect to population size, types of economy and technology; exploitation of natural resources and environmental hazards.

Unit V Emerging environmental issues : population explosion, food security, deforestation, global warming, impact of green revolution, urbanization, mining and industrialization of environment. Enviromenatl conservation and management.

Suggested Readings : (i) Agarwal, A. et. Al. : The Citizen's Fitth Report. Centre for science and Environment, New

Delhi, 1999. (ii) Allen, J.L. : Student Atlas of Environmental Issues. Dushkin Pub. 1997. (iii) Burton, I. & R.W. Kates (eds.) : Readings in resource Management and Conservation.

Chicago University Press, 1965. (iv) Chandna, R.S. : A Geography of Populatin : Concepts, Determinants and Patterns.

Kalyani Pupblishers, New Delhi, 2000. (v) Chorley, R.J. (ed.) :" Water, Earth and Man. Methuen, London, 1969. (vi) Dawson, J.A. & J.C. Doornkamp, (des.) : Evaluating the Human Environment. Efward

Arnold, London, 1975. (vii) Food and Agriculture Organization : A Frame work for Land Evaluation. Soil Bulletin 32,

Rome. (viii) Hagget, Peter : Geography-A Modern Synthesis. Harper & Row Publishers, New Yourk,

1975. (ix0 Sharma, H.S. & S.K. Chattopadhyay : Sustainable Developments-Concepts and Issues. (x) Sharma, H.S. & M.L. Sharma, (eds.) : Environmental Design and Development. Scientific

Publishers, Jodhpur, 1987. (xi) Simmons, I.G. : The Ecology of Natural Resource. Edward Arnold, London, 1974. pkanuk] jes'k pUnz % tula[;k Hkwxksy] dY;k.kh] ubZ fnYyhA

gqlSu] ekftn % eku Hkwxksy] jkor ifCyds'kUl] t;iqjA

dkSf'kd] ,l-Mh- % ekuo Hkwxksy] jLrksxh] esjBA

flag] txnh'k % lalk/ku Hkwxksy] Kuksn; izdk'ku] xksj[kiqjA

flag] vej ,oa esganh jtk % lalk/ku ,oa laj{k.k] Hkqxksy] izxfr izdk'ku] esjBA

Hkwxksy

f}rh; iz'u i= % lalk/ku vkSj i;kZoj.k

mn~ns'; %

bl iz'u i= dk mn~ns'; Hkwxksy dk iw.kZ Kku iznku djuk vkSj i;kZoj.k ls blds laca/k dks LFkkfir

djuk gSA bl iz'u i= dk mn~ns'; lalk/ku mi;ksx dk okLrfod Kku vkSj i;kZoj.kh; {kj.k dh

tkudkjh iznku djuk vkSj leiksf"kr lalk/ku fodkl dh ladYiuk ls ifjfpr djkuk gSaA

fo"k; lwph %

bdkbZ 1lalk/ku vkSj i;kZoj.k dk vFkZ] izd`fr vkSj ?kVdA lalk/ku vkSj i;kZoj.k dk laca/kA

lalk/kuksa dk oxhZdj.k % uO; vkSj vuO;] tSfod rFkk vtSfod] lalk/ku ewY;kadu] Hkwfe fodkl vkSj

Hkwfe {kerk oxhZdj.k dh fof/k;kWA

bdkbZ 2 ty] [kfut vkSj ÅtkZ lalk/kuksa dk forj.k] mudk vkfFkZd vkSj i;kZoj.kh; egRo vkSj lja{k.kA izeq[k

e`nk izdkj vkSj mudk forj.k] eqnk {kj.k dh leL;k vkSj e`nk laj{k.kA

bdkbZ 3 ekuo lalk/ku % tula[;k] Hkwfe&ekuo vuqikr] tukaddh; rro&vk;q] fyax ,oa lk{kjrk] tula[;k

ncko ,oa lalk/u mi;ksxA leiksf"kr lalk/ku mi;ksx vkSj leiksf"kr fodkl dh vo/kkj.kkA

bdkbZ 4 i;kZoj.k dk oxhZdj.k% izkd`frd vkSj ekuoh;A ekuo okrkoj.k lacaèk&tula[;k vkdkj&vFkZO;oLFkk ds

izdkj ,oa rduhd ds lanHkZ esa] izkd`frd lalk/kuksa dk nksgu rFkk i;kZoj.kh; izdksiA

bdkbZ 5 mHkjrs i;kZoj.kh; eqn~ns % tula[;k foLQksV] [kk| lqj{kk] fuoZuhdj.k] Hkwe.Myh;&rkiu] gfjr Økafr

dk izHkko] uxjhdj.k] [kuu vkSj vkS|ksxhdj.k dk i;kZoj.k ij izHkko] i;kZoj.kh; laj{k.k ,oa izcèkauA

izLrkfor iqLrdsa

1. Agarwal, A. et. Al. : The Citizen's Fitth Report. Centre for science and Environment, New

Delhi, 1999.

2. Allen, J.L. : Student Atlas of Environmental Issues. Dushkin Pub. 1997. 3. Burton, I. & R.W. Kates (eds.) : Readings in resource Management and Conservation.

Chicago University Press, 1965. 4. Chandna, R.S. : A Geography of Populatin : Concepts, Determinants and Patterns.

Kalyani Pupblishers, New Delhi, 2000. 5. Chorley, R.J. (ed.) :" Water, Earth and Man. Methuen, London, 1969. 6. Dawson, J.A. & J.C. Doornkamp, (des.) : Evaluating the Human Environment. Efward

Arnold, London, 1975. 7. Food and Agriculture Organization : A Frame work for Land Evaluation. Soil Bulletin 32,

Rome. 8. Hagget, Peter : Geography-A Modern Synthesis. Harper & Row Publishers, New Yourk,

1975. 9. Sharma, H.S. & S.K. Chattopadhyay : Sustainable Developments-Concepts and Issues. 10. Sharma, H.S. & M.L. Sharma, (eds.) : Environmental Design and Development. Scientific

Publishers, Jodhpur, 1987. 11. Simmons, I.G. : The Ecology of Natural Resource. Edward Arnold, London, 1974. pkanuk] jes'k pUnz % tula[;k Hkwxksy] dY;k.kh] ubZ fnYyhA

gqlSu] ekftn % eku Hkwxksy] jkor ifCyds'kUl] t;iqjA

dkSf'kd] ,l-Mh- % ekuo Hkwxksy] jLrksxh] esjBA

flag] txnh'k % lalk/ku Hkwxksy] Kuksn; izdk'ku] xksj[kiqjA

flag] vej ,oa esganh jtk % lalk/ku ,oa laj{k.k] Hkqxksy] izxfr izdk'ku]

esjBA

Geography Paper III :

Practical Geography- Cartography and Surveying III

Total Marks 50

Objectives : The objectives of this coure are to introduce the techniques of map projections and plane

table surveying necessary for accurate geographical positioning and preparing plans of an area. It is also intended to impart training for reading and interpretation of maps which is the ultimate goal of practical geography. Field work and field report and introduction to remote sensing also form parts of the practical exercises.

Course Contents :

Unit I Map Projections : general principals, classification, Drawing graticules on the following projections by graphical method-Polar zenithal Projections : Gnomonic, Stereographic and Orghographic; Simple Conical Projection with One Standard Parallel, Conical Projection with Two standard Parallels, Polyconic Projections, Bonn's Projection. Simple Cylindrical Projection and Cylindrical Equal Arrea Projection.

Unit II Study and interpretation of Indian topographical sheets : Classification and numbering system. Interpretation of SOI to pographical sheets of different landform regions in respect of (i) introduction, (ii) maraginal information, (iii) relief and topography, (iv) drainage and other water bodies, (v) Natural Vegetation, (vi) Location distributin and pattern of settlements and (vii) means of transport-Morph metric Analysis -Major Profiles.

Unit III Introduction to remote sensing : Aerial photography and sattelite imageries.

Unit IV Geographical Excursion : Introduction to methods and techniques of field survey in geography and preparation of excursion report.

Unit V Basic principles of the plane Table Surveying. Plane Table Surveying including resection (two point and three point problems).

Suggested Readings :

1. kanetkar, T.P. & Kulkarni : Surveying and Levelling.

2. Misra, R.P. & A. Ramesh : Fundamentals of Cartography. McMillan Co., New Delhi, 1986.

3. Singh, R.L. & P.K. Dutta : Elements of Practical Geography. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, 1979.

4. Steers, J.A. : Map Projections. University of London Press, London.

5- flag] vkj-,y- % izk;ksfxd Hkwxksy ds ewyrRo] dY;k.kh] ubZ fnYyhA

6- 'kekZ] ts-ih- % izk;ksfxd Hkwxksy] jLrksxh] esjBA

7- vxzoky] ih-lh- ¼vuq-½ % ekufp= ,oa vkjs[k] e-iz- fgUnh xzaFk vdkneh] HkksikyA

8- bUnziky ,oa gsepUnz ekFkqj ekufp= ,oa iz{ksi] jkTkLFkku fgUnh xzaFk vdkneh] t;iqjA

Hkwxksy

iz'u i= 3

izk;ksfxd Hkwxksy&ekufp=.k ,oa losZ{k.k 3

mn~ns';

bl ikB~;Øe dk mn~ns'; fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ekufp= iz{ksiksa ,oa leivy losZ{k.k dh fof/k;ksa ls ifjfpr

djuk gS tks fdlh {ks= dk 'kq) fLFkfr&fu/kkZj.k ,oa ekufp=.k ds fy, vko';d gA ekufp= ds

v/;;u ,oa O;k[;k ds fy, izf'k{k.k nsuk Hkh bldk mn~ns'; gS tks fd izk;ksfxd Hkwxksy dk eq[; y{;

gSA {ks=h; dk;Z ,oa {ks=h; izfrosnu ,oa lqnwj laosnu dk ifjp; Hkh bl iz;ksxkRed vH;kl ds Hkkx

gSA

fo"k; lwph %

bdkbZ 1 ekufp= iz{ksi % lkekU; fl)kar] oxhZdj.k] xzkQh; fof/k ls fuEu iz{ksiksa dk js[kktky rS;kj djuk&

/kzqoh; [ke/; iz{ksi % dsUnzh;] f=foeh; rFkk yEcdks.kh;] lk/kkj.k 'kaDokdkj iz{ksi&,d iz/kku va{kk'kh;]

nks iz/kku v{kka'kh; 'kaDokdkj iz{ksi] cksUl iz{ksi ,oa cgq'kaDokdkj iz{ksi] lk/kkj.k csyukdkj iz{ksi rFkk

le{ks=h; csyukdkj iz{ksiA

bdkbZ 2 Hkkjrh; /kjkryi=dksa dk v/;;u ,oa O;k[;k % oxhZdj.k ,oa Øekadu] Hkkjrh; losZ{k.k foHkkx ds

fofHkUUk LFkykd`frd izns'kksa ds /kjkry i=dksa dk fuEu 'kh"kZdksa ds vUrxZr v/;;u& ¼1½ ifjp;] ¼2½

lhekUr lwpuk,W ¼3½ mPpkop ,oa LFkyLo:i ¼4½ viokg rFkk vU; tyk'k;] ¼5½ izkd`frd ouLifr]

¼6½ vf/koklksa dh fLFkfr forj.k ,oa izfr:i rFkk ¼7½ ;krk;kr ds lk/ku] vdkjfefr; fo'ys"k.k&izeq[k

ifjPNsfndk,WA

bdkbZ 3 lqnwj laosnu ls ifjp; % ok;q QksVksfp= rFkk mixzgh; fcEokoyh ¼bestjht½

bdkbZ 4 HkkSxksfyd Hkze.k % Hkwxksy esa {ks=h; losZ{k.k dh fof/k;ksa ,oa rduhdksa ls ifjp; rFkk Hkze.k izfrosnu

rS;kj djukA

bdkbZ 5 leiVy losZ{k.k ds vk/kkjHkwr fl)kar] iqufLZFkfr fu/kkZj.k& nks rFkk rhu fcUnq leL;k,WA

izLrkofr iqLrdsa

1. kanetkar, T.P. & Kulkarni : Surveying and Levelling. 2. Misra, R.P. & A. Ramesh : Fundamentals of Cartography. McMillan Co., New Delhi,

1986. 3. Singh, R.L. & P.K. Dutta : Elements of Practical Geography. Kalyani Publishers, New

Delhi, 1979. 4. Steers, J.A. : Map Projections. University of London Press, London. 5- flag] vkj-,y- % izk;ksfxd Hkwxksy ds ewyrRo] dY;k.kh] ubZ fnYyhA

6- 'kekZ] ts-ih- % izk;ksfxd Hkwxksy] jLrksxh] esjBA

7- vxzoky] ih-lh- ¼vuq-½ % ekufp= ,oa vkjs[k] e-iz- fgUnh xzaFk vdkneh]

HkksikyA

8- bUnziky ,oa gsepUnz ekFkqj % ekufp= ,oa iz{ksi] jkTkLFkku fgUnh xzaFk vdkneh]

t;iqjA

ch-,l-lh-

ikB~;Øe ch-,l-lh- Hkkx f}rh; ¼lSU; foKku½ o"kZ 2005

iz'ui= 1 lSU; fopkjd

bdkbZ 1

1- eSD;koyh %

v- ;q)ksa dk jktuhfr ij izHkko

c- lexz ;q) dk fl)kar

l- jk"Vªh; Lo;a lsukA

2- ckWou %

v- foKku dk ;q)ksa ij izHkko

c- fcyssoUnh dk dyk

l- fdyksa dh ?ksjkcUnh

3- ÝsfMªd egku %

v- ÝsfMªd egku dk frj{kk ekpZ ¼lkbysf'k;k ;q) ds lanHkZ esa½

c- vuq'kklu ,oa fMªyA

bdkbZ 2

usiksfy;u ds O;k[;kdkj %

v- usiksfy;u ;q)ksa dk laf{kIr bfrgklA

c- tkfeuh& ;q) ds fl}kUrA

l- DyktfoI ;q) dh izd`frA

bdkbZ 3 vkS/kksfxd ,oa vkfZFkZd Økafr ls izHkkfor lSU; fopkjd

1- dkYkZ ekDlZ ,oa ,SftYl

2- gsfeYVu

3- ,Ml fLeFk

bdkbZ 4 Hkw&jktuhfrd fopkjd %

1- efd.Mj ¼g`n; LFky dh ifjdYiuk½ Hkw jkt- fl)kUr

2- gklhQj Hkw&jkt- fl)kUrA

3- dofpr ,oa xfr'khy ;q)ksa ds izorZd

v- estj tujy Qqyj

c- fyfMy gkVZ & esftuks ykbu ,oa ,DosfMax VksjsaVA

bdkbZ 5 ukS'kfDr ,oa ok;q'kfDR ds izoZrd %

1- ,-Vh- egku & ukSlsfud ;q) ds fl)kUrA

2- eSdkFkZu&ukSlsfud ;q)

3- MwgsV & ok;q 'kfDr ds fl)kUrA

vuq'kaflr fdrkcsa %&

1- f}rh; fo'o ;q) &ts-,Q-lh- Qqyj

2- esDlZ vkWQ ekMZu LVsVªhth& bZ-,e-vyZ

3- nh vkVZ vkWQ okj & vkFkZu ouZ

4- vkWu okj & DyktfoV~t Hkkx&,d] nks o rhuA

5- vkVZ vkWQ okj& gsujh tsfeuhA

6- lsfd.M oYMZ okj & foLVu pfpZy

7- FkkB~l vku okj & fyfMY gkVZ

8- lSU; foKku&ds-,e- JhokLor

9- ik'pkR; lSU; fopkj & izks- vkj-lh- tkSgjh

10- ik'pkR; lSU; fopkjd & okbZ- ds- 'kekZ

11- ik'pkR; lSU; fopkjd & yYyu flag thA

ch-,l-lh- ikB~;Øe ch-,l-lh- Hkkx r`rh; ¼lSU; foKku½ o"kZ 2005

iz'ui= 2 lSU; euksfoKku

iw.kkZad 50

bdkbZ 1

v- euksfoKku dk vFkZA

c- euksfoKku dk vk/kqfud ,oa izkphu ;q) esa egRo rFkk lEcUèk

l- lSU; euksfoKku ds mi;ksxA

n- cqf) ijh{k.kA

bZ- fof'k"V ;ksX;rk dk ijh{k.k

bdkbZ 2 lek;kstu ,oa Fkdku

v- izf'k{k.k dky esa lek;kstu

c- laxzke ls le;kstuA

l- Fkeku o{krk rFkk fcjlukA

bdkbZ 3 usr`Ro ,oa vuq'kklu

v- lsuk esa usr`Ro dk egRo] xq.k ,oa izdkjA

c- vuq'kklu ds izdkj] vuq'kklu dh fo'ks"k leL;k;saA

l- vuq'kklu dk mn~ns'; ,oa egRo] vuq'kklughurk dk mipkj

bdkbZ 4 eukscy ,oa Hk;

v- eukscy dk vFkZ] izdkj ,oa egRoA

c- eukscy dks izHkkfor djus dk rRo] eukscy fl)kUrA

l- Hk; dh fo'ks"krk;sa y{k.] lsuk esa Hk;] mi;ksfxrk ,oa fu;a=.k djus ds

fu;eA

bdkbZ 5 ekufld LoiLF; ,oa ekSf[kd chefj;kW

v- ekufld HkaxqjrkA

c- ifjofrZr ewNkZA

l- nwjouhZdkjd dk mipkjA

vuq'kaflr iqLrdsa %&

1- lkbDyksth ,.M n lksYtj & ,Q-lh- ckVZysA

2- lkbDyksth ,.M n lksYtj & dksaDysM

3- lkbDyksth QkWj fn vkEMZ Qksls& bZth- cksfjxA

4- lSU; euksfoKku & Jherh iq"ik tSu] Kku e.My izdk'ku] Xokfy;jA

ch-,l-lh-

ikB~;Øe ch-,l-lh- Hkkx r`rh; ¼lSU; foKku½ o"kZ 2005

iw.kkZad 50

izk;ksfxd dk;ksZ dh lwph %&

lejra=h; vH;kl VqdfM;ksa lfgr o VqadfM;ksa lfgr Vh-bZ-MCY;w-Vh-

v- IykVwus ysfoy rd ds vH;kl %& 1- VkjxsVl dh ifgpku fof/k;kWA 2- Qk;j fu;a=.k vkns'kA 3- eNwrh ny ¼isVªksYl½ 4- IykVwj lajpuk;saA 5- ;ksf}d fooj.k ¼csfVy izkslhtj½ 6- IykVwu vkØe.k ,oa lqj{kk dh fLFkfr esa 7- lans'k ys[kkuA

c- ysDpfjax dksbZ njk fo"k; VkfiDl

uksV &1- fo"k;ksa dk p;u izk/;kid djsaxsA

2- ,d jftLVj ij 10 fo"k; dh lkexzh fyf[kr rS;kj djuk gksxhA

3- 10 feuV fo"k; O;k[;ku nsuk gksxkA

l- euksoSKkfud ijh{k.k 1- dksgt CykWd fMtkbu VsLVA

2- vysDts.Mj ikl ,ykax VsLVA 3- ekufld Fkdku ¼es.Vy iVhax½ 4- O;FkZ Lej.k ¼ijrhOgjs'ku½

vuq'kaflr cqd %&

1- lSaM Vscy ,Dljlkbt & duZy csysUVkbUk 2- flfEiy VsfDVDl & dhVls 3- lsD'ku Vsªfuax vH;kl & estj ckMZ 4- esFk ,.M losZ &xzksV 5- esal ,.M losZ gsUl &gSjk 6- lSU; foKku izk;ksfxd ,d] nks&izks- ch-,l- ekyhokyA 7- izk;ksxkRed euksfoKku & vxzoky HkVukxj] y{ehukjk;.k vxzoky] vkxjkA

Note : Each candidate is required : to deliver a talk on any topic covred in the syllabous for duration of 10 minuted.

thokth fo'ofo|ky;] xokfy;j fokku lukrd f=okhz; ikb~;Øe. iii.pdf · 2011-05-19 · b. sc. part...

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