RESEARCH POSTER PRESENTATION DESIGN © 2019

www.PosterPresentations.com

Q U I C K S TA RT G U I D E (THIS SIDEBAR WILL NOT PRINT)

This PowerPoint template produces a 36"x48" presentation poster. You can use it to create your research poster by placing your title, subtitle, text, tables, charts and photos. We provide a series of online tutorials that will guide you through the poster design process and answer your poster production questions. For complete template tutorials, go online to PosterPresentations.com and click on the HELP DESK tab. To print your poster using our same-day professional printing service, go online to PosterPresentations.com and click on "Order your poster".

This is a template for a presentation poster

36 inches tall by

48 inches wide

Important: Check the template size Before you start working on your poster and to avoid printing problems check that you have downloaded and that you are using the correct size template for your poster presentation. This template can also be printed at the following sizes without distortion and without any additional formatting: 30 tall x 40 wide 42 tall x 56 wide 48 tall x 64 wide

How to Zoom in and out Use the PowerPoint zoom tool to adjust the screen magnification to view comfortably. PowerPoint provides 2 ways to zoom: 1. On the top menu bar click on the VIEW tab and then click on ZOOM. Choose the zoom percentage that works best for you. 2. For better zoom flexibility, use the zoom slider at the bottom right of the window.

Ruler and Guides The dotted lines on his poster template are guides. The horizontal and vertical guides will help you align your poster elements accurately. Text boxes and other elements will ”snap” to the guides and stay within the boundaries of the columns. To hide the guides go to VIEW and uncheck the Guides box.

Headers and text containers Included in this template are commonly used section headers such as Abstract, Objectives, Methods, Results, etc. - Click inside a section header to add its text. - To add another header, click on edge of the section box so that it is outlined. Copy and paste it. - To increase its size, click on the white circles and expand to the the desired size.

Adding content to the poster Start by adding your text to each section without spending too much time with formatting. Use the default font size even if your text extends beyond the bottom of the poster. Continue until you have added all your content including text, graphics, photos, etc. Once you finish adding your content you can go back and format your text as needed. -  If you run out of room, try to reduce the size of your fonts and/or the size of your

graphics. If there is a lot of empty space try to increase your font sizes and the size of your graphics. The font used for references can be smaller.

Photos You can add photos by dragging and dropping from your desktop, copy and paste, or by going to INSERT > PICTURES. Resize images proportionally by holding down the SHIFT key and dragging one of the white corner handles (dots). For a professional-looking poster, do not distort your images by stretching them disproportionally.

Quality check your graphics Zoom in and look at your images at 100%-200% magnification. If they look clear, they will print well.

QUICK START GUIDE (THIS SIDEBAR WILL NOT PRINT)

How to change the template colors You can change the overall template color theme by clicking on the COLORS dropdown menu under the DESIGN tab. You can see a tutorial here: https://www.posterpresentations.com/how-to-change-the-research-poster-template-colors.html You can also manually change the color of individual elements by going to VIEW > SLIDE MASTER. On the left side of your screen select the background master where you can change the template background, column sizes, etc. After you finish working on the SLIDE MASTER, it is important that you go to VIEW > NORMAL to continue working on your poster.

How to change the column layout configuration You can manually change the configuration on the columns by going to VIEW > SLIDE MASTER. You can delete columns, resize them or modify them as needed for your layout. You can see a tutorial here: https://www.posterpresentations.com/how-to-change-the-column-configuration.html

How to hide the QUICK START GUIDE bars from the sides of the template The Quick Start Guides are outside the template’s printable area and they will not be on the printed poster. If you create a PDF file from your template, the guides will not be included. To hide the guides click on the Home tab (top of the screen) and then click on the Layout button below to see the available layouts. Choose the Without Guides layout.

How to preview your poster prior to printing You can preview your poster at any time by pressing the F5 key on your keyboard. You will see on the screen what's on your poster and how it should look when printed. Press the ESC key to exit Preview.

F5

How to print your poster When you are ready to have your poster printed go online to PosterPresentations.com and click on the "Order Your Poster" button. You can have your poster printed on professional papers, fabric for easy traveling and a variety of other materials. If you submit a PowerPoint document, you will be receiving a PDF proof for your approval prior to printing. If your order is placed and paid for before noon (Pacific time) Monday-Friday, your order will ship out that same day. FedEx Next day, Second day, Third day, and Free Ground services are offered. Go to PosterPresentations.com for more information.

© 2019 PosterPresentations.com 2117 Fourth Street , STE C Berkeley CA 94710 USA

For complete tutorials visit: https://www.posterpresentations.com/helpdesk.html

Oyster reefs have been documented to provide valuable habitat structure and ecosystem services as well as socioeconomic benefits. Native reefs once dominated many estuaries ecologically and economically. Studies have shown depletion and degradation of oyster reefs worldwide. Successful restoration efforts have further demonstrated the value of oyster reefs to coastal ecosystems and communities. Reef Ball™ Modules (RBM’s) are designed to mimic natural bottom structure and are being used to address a variety of environmental concerns. Initial investigations suggest that these artificial forms may have far reaching effects in habitat and species restoration efforts including; designing and growing artificial reefs, coral propagation and planting systems, estuary restoration, mangrove plantings, erosion control, and oyster reef restoration. In 2018 students and faculty at the Sound School built five Mini-Bay RBM’s (width: 0.76m, height: 0.53m, weight: 91kg) using oyster shell as a cement additive. In May of 2018 the aquaculture laboratory at the school successfully spawned oysters. After the spawn three RBM’s were placed in a set-tank with 200µm spat. The RBM’s soaked for ten days. In June 2018 the RBM’s, three with set and two unseeded, were deployed in near shore waters by the school campus. This process was repeated in 2019 with the construction of eight additional RBMs. Six were seeded with spat and all eight were deployed expanding the reef. To date all modules with oyster set demonstrated successful oyster growth and survival over 50% of the surface. Additional recruitment from wild oyster set was documented. A variety of crab and fish species were observed using the RBM’s. Oyster growth and recruitment, water quality, and biodiversity continue to be monitored.

ABSTRACT

THESOUNDSCHOOL

Sound School students successfully built five Mini-Bay RBMs during the 2017-18 school year using a donated mold from the Reef Ball Foundation and oyster shell as a an additive in a customized cement mix.

REEFBALLCONSTRUCTIONOver the past two years thirteen RBMs were deployed, nine seeded with lab cultured oyster set and four without set. The site was chosen for it’s accessibility for monitoring, proximity to a small marsh, and bottom firmness.

DEPLOYMENT NOTABLERESULTS

•  Over 50% oyster coverage on all seeded RBMs •  Higher set success and oyster survival in the holes and interior of RBMs •  Recruitment from wild oyster spawn observed on both seeded and control

RBMs •  Variety of fish and invertebrate species have been observed utilizing

structures •  Blue crab mating events within RBMs were observed and recorded

NEXTSTEPS

•  Expansion of oyster reef into living shoreline over the next 10 years •  Construction and deployment of 12 RBMs annually •  6 RBMs seeded with lab cultured oyster set annually

•  “Living Laboratory” •  Continued monitoring and development of student research projects

•  Habitat use and fish behavior •  Marsh growth •  Sedimentation

•  Scientific dive training to support monitoring efforts •  Investigate remote video monitoring techniques

•  Obtain CT DEEP Certificate of Permission for permanent deployment

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Peter Solomon- peter.solomon@nhboe.net Facebook.com/SoundSchoolDive Instagram @soundschooldive

The Sound School is a Regional Vocational Aquaculture Center located on ¼ mile shorefront campus in New Haven, CT. The student body averages 340 students, half from New Haven and the other half from 23 cooperating districts . The school’s unique curriculum focuses on marine trades and aquaculture with an emphasis on authentic and hands-on learning experiences.

1TheSoundSchool,NewHaven,CT2YaleUniversitySchoolofForestry

andEnvironmentalScience

P.Solomon1,H.Lemoine2,J.Roy1,andSoundSchoolStudents

CreationofaLivingShorelineUtilizingReefBallModulesandLabCulturedEasternOyster,Crassostreavirginica,Sets

CONTACT

•  CT Scuba Academy •  Reef Innovations •  Reef Ball Foundation •  New Haven Land Trust •  Long Island Community

Foundation •  Yale University School of Forestry

and Environmental Science

•  Sacred Heart University •  L. Suzio Concrete •  Home Depot •  Diver Alert Network •  NOAA Marine Fisheries- Milford

Lab •  Stuart Mattison and the Sound

School fish lab staff and students

OYSTERSET

MONITORING

During the 2018-2019 school year students refined the construction process incorporating up-to-date techniques and methods to successfully build eight additional RBMs. Most notably, the mold was sprayed with a sucrose solution to increase surface texture on the RBM.

In May RBMs (3 in 2018, 6 in 2019) were placed in 1677L set tanks and conditioned with a diluted vinegar soak, followed by two sea water soaks over the course of two weeks. RBMs then remained in tanks for ten days with 200µm spat which were fed algae monocultures.

Fig. 1- Students work in the wooden boat shop, fish production lab, and operate the school’s marine vessel, Island Rover.

Fig. 3- Oyster set was incredibly successful with nearly complete coverage.

Monitoring efforts are ongoing and student led. Currently students are collecting data on water quality and oyster growth, survival, and recruitment. This fall students are developing protocols for assessing biodiversity.

Fig. 7- Student divers recorded oyster sizes and estimated coverage using a 25cm2 quadrat. A GoPro was used to record and later identify species use of the reef.

Fig. 6- Current arrangement of deployed RBMs (Red dot- seeded RBM; Green dot- unseeded RBM).

Fig. 10- RBM deployment plan for living shoreline. Unseeded RBMs (green) will be placed to shield seeded RBMs (red) and angled to absorb predominate wave action.

Blue Crab- Callinectes sapidus American Eel- Anguilla rostrata European Green Crab- Carcinus maenas Cunner- Tautogolabrus adspersus Asian Shore Crab- Hemigrapsus sanguineus Black Sea Bass- Centropristis striata Spider Crab- Libinia emarginata Atlantic Oyster Drill- Urosalpinx cinerea Jonah Crab- Cancer borealis Channeled Whelk- Busycotypus canaliculatus Sand Shrimp- Crangon septemspinosa Rough Barnacle- Semibalanus balanoides Tautog- Tautoga onitis Red Beard Sponge- Clathria prolifera Porgie- Stenotomus chrysops Boring Sponge- Cliona celata Atlantic Silversides- Menidia menidia Golden Star Tunicate- Botryllus schlosseri

Fig. 9- List of confirmed species observed on reef.

Fig. 8- To date, all seeded RBMs (A and B) have over 50% coverage of oyster set while unseeded RBMs experienced extensive algae fouling (C).

A B C

A B Fig. 2- (A) Each year aquaculture students spawn oysters in the school fish lab. (B) An engine lift was used to raise the RBMs into set tanks lined with plastic

Fig. 5- The artificial oyster reef is located 35m offshore at a depth of 2.5m at high tide.

Fig. 4- The RBMs were moved into our near shore waters and deployed using lift bags by student divers.