this project has received funding from the european union
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A method for holistic energysystem designMODER event, Munich, March 7, 2018S. Thiem, V. Danov, M. Kautz, V. Chapotard, A. Zillich, J. Schaefer | CT REE ENS DEH-DE
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 680447
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Mobilization of innovative design tools for refurbishing of buildings at district level – Motivation for energy system design
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(1) How should the optimal energy system design concept look like?
(2) How much total expenditures can be saved?
(3) How can carbon dioxide emissions cost-efficiently be reduced?
(4) What synergies can be achieved from considering electricity, thermal energy and water holistically?
[…]
Method for holistic energy system design
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Agenda
• Method for holistic energy system design1
• Case study introduction: Suonenjoki, Finland2
• Key results3
• Conclusion & discussion4
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Agenda
• Case study introduction: Suonenjoki, Finland2
• Key results3
• Conclusion & discussion4
• Method for holistic energy system design1
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Holistic energy system design – Novel approach for the holistic optimization of the on-site energy supply system
• Optimization objective
Results (output data)
• Climate data
• Commodity prices
• Load profiles
Energy system designMandatory input data
• Technology selection
• Optimal capacities
• Optimal operation schedule
• Economical analysis
Optional input data
• Technologypre-selection
• Technology models and parameters
• Technology cost models
• Renewable generation profiles
$ CO2 PE • Mathematical optimization problem
• Find optimal combination within solution space
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Agenda
• Method for holistic energy system design1
• Key results3
• Conclusion & discussion4
• Case study introduction: Suonenjoki, Finland2
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© 2018 DigitalGlobe, Kartendaten, © 2018 Google
Modeling the energy system – Partition of the city into districts for considering district heating losses (multi-node approach)
North District (Sairaalapolku 4)
South District(Olavi Leskisen katu 10)
West District (Koulukatu 21)
LK14 (Rautalammintie 8)
Kuo(Kuopiontie 2)
LK25 (Kimpankatu 5)
LK15 (Koulukatu 23)
PN_LK25
PN_ND
PN_Kuo
PN_SD
Center District (Väinönkatu 7)
Suenonjoki, Finland• Population: 7366 [1]
• Area: 713.54 km2 [2]
Investigated area• Population: approximately 1500
• Area: 0.56 km2 [4]
[1] Population density by area 1.1.2016. Statistics Finland. Retrieved 12 February 2017..[2] Population according to language and the number of foreigners and land area km2 by area as of 31 December 2008". Statistics Finland's PX-
Web databases. Statistics Finland. Retrieved 29 March 2009. [4] Measured with Google Maps[5] Project communication with VTT and Sweco, 2017.
• LK14: LFO
• LK15: HFO
• LK25: Wood, peat (main); LFO (peak)
• Kuo: LPG
LFO: Light fuel oil; LPG: Liquid petroleum gas; HFO: Heavy fuel oil
[5]
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Required input data for the energy system design study
Climate data
• Temperature• Global horizontal irradiance
Load profiles
• Electricity consumption• Heat consumption
• District heat• Other heat sources
Energy technologies
• Existing heat plants and boilers with different conventional fuels• Installable energy conversion units:
LPG-CHP (Residential + Utility), WP-CHP, GSHP, AWHP, EB• Installable storage units: HWS, LIB (Utility + Residential), RFB• Installable renewable: PV (Utility + Residential), ST
Commodity prices
• Electricity• CO2 emission price (carbon tax)• Heat generation fuels:
LPG, Wood, Peat, Light fuel oil (LFO), Heavy fuel oil (HFO), Heat oil
AWHP: Air-water heat pump, EB: Electric boiler, LIB: Lithium-ion battery, LPG: Liquid petroleum gas,LPG-CHP: Combined heat and power fired with liquid petroleum gas, GSHP: Ground-source heat pump,HWS: Hot water storage, PV: Photovoltaic, RFB . Redox-flow battery, ST: Solar thermal heat,WP-CHP: Combined heat and power fired with wood and peat
Multi-objective optimization considering total expenditures and carbon footprint(!) Social welfare optimum for entire city (residents + utility supplying district heat); assuming “on-site generation” is OK
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Agenda
• Method for holistic energy system design1
• Case study introduction: Suonenjoki, Finland2
• Conclusion & discussion4
• Key results3
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Aiming for lowest costs – How should Suonenjoki’s energy system look like?
CHP: Combined heat and power unit, DH: District heating pipeline, EB: Electric boiler, GSHP: Ground-source heat pump,HFO: Heavy fuel oil, HGP: Heat generation plant, HWS: hot water storage, LFO: Light fuel oil, LPG: Liquid petroleum gas,OB: Oil boiler, P: Peat, PG: Power grid, W: Wood, WB: Wood boiler, WP: Wood and peat
(1) Which technologies should be installed?
Peat-fired combined heat and power unit at LK14 and LK15, hot water storages
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Aiming for lowest costs – How should Suonenjoki’s energy system look like?
CHP: Combined heat and power unit, DH: District heating pipeline, EB: Electric boiler, GSHP: Ground-source heat pump,HFO: Heavy fuel oil, HGP: Heat generation plant, HWS: hot water storage, LFO: Light fuel oil, LPG: Liquid petroleum gas,OB: Oil boiler, P: Peat, PG: Power grid, W: Wood, WB: Wood boiler, WP: Wood and peat
(2) How large is the initial investment?
Roughly 1.5 Mio. € needed (district heating utility)
(3) What is the economic advantage of such system?
25.8% of total expenditures could be saved
✓ Significant cost saving possible
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Aiming for lowest costs – How should Suonenjoki’s energy system look like?
HFO: Heavy fuel oil, LFO: Light fuel oil, P: Peat, PG: Power grid, W: Wood
(4) But what about the carbon footprint?
Carbon footprint increased by 39.9%
X Significant increase of carbon footprint
Multi-objective energy system design aiming for both low costs and low carbon footprint necessary
? Is wood carbon neutral?(No carbon footprint?)
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TOTE
X [k
€/a]
Car
bon
foot
prin
t [t/a
]
Car
bon
foot
prin
t [t/a
]
Multi-objective optimization of total expenditures and the carbon footprint – Wood carbon-neutral (one-node case)
Carbon footprintreduction withoutany significantcost increase…
Cost-optimizedcase
Cost and CO2improvement
…by firing woodinstead of peat
CHP: Combined heat and power unit, DH: District heating pipeline, EB: Electric boiler, GSHP: Ground-source heat pump,HFO: Heavy fuel oil, HGP: Heat generation plant, HWS: hot water storage, LFO: Light fuel oil, LPG: Liquid petroleum gas,OB: Oil boiler, P: Peat, PG: Power grid, RFB: Redox-flow battery, W: Wood, WB: Wood boiler, WP: Wood and peat
✓
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TOTE
X [k
€/a]
Car
bon
foot
prin
t [t/a
]
Car
bon
foot
prin
t [t/a
]
Multi-objective optimization of total expenditures and the carbon footprint – Wood not carbon-neutral (one-node case)
CHP: Combined heat and power unit, DH: District heating pipeline, EB: Electric boiler, GSHP: Ground-source heat pump,HFO: Heavy fuel oil, HGP: Heat generation plant, HWS: hot water storage, LFO: Light fuel oil, LPG: Liquid petroleum gas,OB: Oil boiler, P: Peat, PG: Power grid, RFB: Redox-flow battery, W: Wood, WB: Wood boiler, WP: Wood and peat
[…]
?
Carbon footprintreduction muchmore costly…
Cost-optimizedcase
Cost and CO2improvement
…due to increasedpower grid usage andheat pumps
Note that peat replacementby wood cannotlower the carbon footprintto ~0 anymore
-43.9%
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Carbon footprint [t/a]0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000PV_ResPV_UtilST_UtilWP-HGP_Util (LK25)LFO-HGP_Util (LK25)LFO-HGP_Util (LK14)HFO-HGP_Util (LK15)LPG-HGP_Util (Kuo)EB_ResOB_ResWB_ResGSHP_ResGSHP_UtilAWHP_UtilWP-CHP_UtilHWS_UtilLIB_ResLIB_UtilRFB_UtilPGinWinPinPGout
Carbon footprint [t/a]0 1000 2000
TOTE
X [k
€/a]
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
Multi-objective optimization of total expenditures and the carbon footprint – Wood not carbon-neutral (one-node case)
AWHP: Air-water heat pump, CHP: Combined heat and power unit, DH: District heating pipeline, EB: Electric boiler,GSHP: Ground-source heat pump, HFO: Heavy fuel oil, HGP: Heat generation plant, HWS: hot water storage,LFO: Light fuel oil, LIB: Lithium-ion battery, LPG: Liquid petroleum gas, OB: Oil boiler, P: Peat, PG: Power grid,PV: Photovoltaic, RFB: Redox-flow battery, ST: Solar thermal heating, W: Wood, WB: Wood boiler, WP: Wood and peat
✓
(0) Cost-optimized case
(1) Replace peat by wood
(2) Increase utilization of power grid and decrease use of CHP
(3) Use electricity-driven heating technologies (in particular heat pumps) and hot water storages
(4) Install renewables(in particular photovoltaic)(5) Install batteries
(redox-flow and lithium-ion batteries)
-43.9%
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Agenda
• Method for holistic energy system design1
• Case study introduction: Suonenjoki, Finland2
• Key results3
• Conclusion & discussion4
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Conclusion – Concluding remarks concerning the energy system design study for Suonenjoki
• Holistic multi-modal energy system design methods developed within EU H2020 MODER project (WP4)
• Testing and validation by energy system design study for Suonenjoki, Finland (WP6)
• Assumption of “on-site energy system” use of combined heat and power attractive
• Multi-objective optimization Both costs and carbon footprint can be reduced simultaneously
• Is the thermal use of wood carbon-neutral?
• If not, follow this guideline to reduce carbon footprint most cost-efficiently:
(1) Replace peat by wood
(2) Increase utilization of power grid and decrease use of CHP
(3) Use electricity-driven heating technologies (in particular heat pumps) and hot water storages
(4) Install renewables (in particular photovoltaic)
(5) Install batteries (redox-flow and lithium-ion batteries)
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Acknowledgements – We’d like to thank…
• … the European Commission for funding this Horizon 2020 project MODER:
• … MODER project partners for their support for and contribution to this case study:
• … other sources for making this case study possible:
Thank you for your attention! Do you have any questions?
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 680447