This PowerPoint Presentation is ©2014 by This PowerPoint Presentation is ©2014 by Robin L. Simmons..All Rights Reserved.All Rights Reserved.

This PowerPoint Presentation is ©2014 by This PowerPoint Presentation is ©2014 by Robin L. Simmons..All Rights Reserved.All Rights Reserved.

ENC 1102, ENC 1102, Freshman Composition IIFreshman Composition II

ENC 1102, ENC 1102, Freshman Composition IIFreshman Composition II

Drafting Your Drafting Your ResearchResearch

EssayEssay

First Page ConcernsFirst Page ConcernsFirst Page ConcernsFirst Page Concerns

• Insert MLA-style page numbering—your Insert MLA-style page numbering—your last last name and the page name and the page numbernumber, starting on the , starting on the first first page.page.

• Include a Include a headingheading..• Give the paper an interesting, correct Give the paper an interesting, correct titletitle..

Do Do not not underline your title.underline your title. Do Do not not add quotation marks around the add quotation marks around the

title.title. Capitalize all Capitalize all major major words.words. Avoid Avoid funky funky fonts.fonts.

• The __________ The __________ [[Insert your subjectInsert your subject]] would would be a be a boring boring title for this essay.title for this essay.

Wrighter 1

Wanda Wrighter

Professor Simmons

ENC 1102

October 17, 2011

Franken Food:

What People Need to Know About GMOs

Wrighter 1

Wanda Wrighter

Professor Simmons

ENC 1102

October 17, 2011

Franken Food:

What People Need to Know About GMOs

General Structure for the EssayGeneral Structure for the EssayGeneral Structure for the EssayGeneral Structure for the Essay

HookHook

Provocative Question Provocative Question

Thesis Statement [separate paragraph]Thesis Statement [separate paragraph]

Section A[subheading and 2 body paragraphs]

Section A[subheading and 2 body paragraphs]

Section B[subheading and 2 body paragraphs]

Section B[subheading and 2 body paragraphs]

Section C[subheading and 2 body paragraphs]

Section C[subheading and 2 body paragraphs]

Section D[subheading and 2 body paragraphs]

Section D[subheading and 2 body paragraphs]

Correct Use of NamesCorrect Use of NamesCorrect Use of NamesCorrect Use of Names

• The The firstfirst time you mention a person, use time you mention a person, use that person’s that person’s full full name and identity.name and identity. Dr. Melissa Shusett, a cardiologist at Johns Dr. Melissa Shusett, a cardiologist at Johns

Hopkins, …Hopkins, … Stan Winston, a reporter for Stan Winston, a reporter for The New York The New York

TimesTimes, …, …

• The The second second time you mention the time you mention the person, use that person’s person, use that person’s last name last name onlyonly.. ShusettShusett WinstonWinston

Body ParagraphsBody ParagraphsBody ParagraphsBody Paragraphs

• You must have at least You must have at least eight eight body body paragraphs in the research essay.paragraphs in the research essay.

• All body paragraphs must have All body paragraphs must have at least at least one quotation from a sourceone quotation from a source. .

• All quotations must have All quotations must have four thingsfour things:: An authority phraseAn authority phrase Correct punctuationCorrect punctuation Accurate wordingAccurate wording A parenthetical reference [when A parenthetical reference [when

necessary]necessary]

Turn your Turn your Evidence Evidence Worksheets Worksheets into into body body

paragraphsparagraphs..

Step 1:Step 1: Write a Write a topic sentencetopic sentence

that reflects that reflects one one part part of your of your

thesis statementthesis statement..(See Brach’s (See Brach’s

sample paper.)sample paper.)

Step 2:Step 2: Find the Find the Evidence Worksheet Evidence Worksheet

that that supports supports the topic the topic sentence.sentence.

Step 3:Step 3: Edit Edit and/or and/or fix fix the the summary summary from the from the Evidence Worksheet.Evidence Worksheet.

Step 4:Step 4: Add your Add your quotationquotation..

Be sure that Be sure that you you do not repeat do not repeat information from information from

the the summarysummary..

Use this formula for your Use this formula for your quotation:quotation:

authority phrase authority phrase + + “quotation”“quotation” + +

(documentation when (documentation when necessary)necessary)..

Psychology Today Psychology Today explains the process explains the process this way: this way: “Lipoic acid, found in beef, “Lipoic acid, found in beef, spinach and broccoli, … combats spinach and broccoli, … combats memory loss in lab rats”memory loss in lab rats” (Aaronson (Aaronson 63).63).

As Lauren Aaronson, a dietary As Lauren Aaronson, a dietary researcher, explains,researcher, explains, “Lipoic acid, “Lipoic acid, found in beef, spinach and broccoli, … found in beef, spinach and broccoli, … combats memory loss in lab rats” combats memory loss in lab rats” (63).(63).

Common Authority PhrasesCommon Authority PhrasesCommon Authority PhrasesCommon Authority Phrases

• According to According to Name of SourceName of Source,,

• According to According to Author of SourceAuthor of Source,, Person’s Person’s ImportanceImportance,,

• According to According to Someone in SourceSomeone in Source,, Person’s Person’s ImportanceImportance,,

• As As Name of Source Name of Source explainsexplains,,

• As As Author of SourceAuthor of Source,, Person’s Importance Person’s Importance,, explainsexplains,,

• As As Someone in SourceSomeone in Source,, Person’s Importance Person’s Importance,, explainsexplains,,

Common Authority PhrasesCommon Authority PhrasesCommon Authority PhrasesCommon Authority Phrases

• According to the According to the Wall Street JournalWall Street Journal,,

• According to According to Jane SmithJane Smith,, a reporter for the a reporter for the Wall Street JournalWall Street Journal,,

• According to According to James JonesJames Jones,, a finance a finance consultant since 1985consultant since 1985,,

• As the As the Wall Street JournalWall Street Journal explainsexplains,,

• As As Jane SmithJane Smith,, a reporter for the a reporter for the Wall Street Wall Street JournalJournal,, explains explains,,

• As As James JonesJames Jones,, a finance consultant since a finance consultant since 19851985,, explains explains,,

Step 5:Step 5: If necessary, If necessary, document document your your

quotation.quotation.

Ta-da!Ta-da!One One paragraph is paragraph is done, done, seven seven moremore

to go!to go!(Repeat (Repeat Steps 1 - 6 Steps 1 - 6 for for each each Evidence Evidence

Worksheet.)Worksheet.)

First, First, Topic SentenceTopic Sentence,,Then Then SummarySummary,,Then Then QuotationQuotation,,

Then, if necessary, Then, if necessary, DocumentationDocumentation,,

And finally And finally RelevanceRelevance..

Compose Your Four HeadingsCompose Your Four HeadingsCompose Your Four HeadingsCompose Your Four Headings

• Find your Find your preliminary preliminary thesis statement and thesis statement and reread reread it.it.

• Has your research caused you to make Has your research caused you to make changeschanges??

• Now write your Now write your official official thesis statement.thesis statement.

• The thesis statement must indicate the The thesis statement must indicate the four parts four parts of your paper.of your paper.

• Compose your four Compose your four subheadingssubheadings.. Use Use phrasesphrases, not complete sentences., not complete sentences. Keep the phrases Keep the phrases parallelparallel.. Capitalize Capitalize all all major major words.words. Bold Bold and and underline underline the subheadings.the subheadings.

Parenthetical References Parenthetical References with Bookswith Books

Parenthetical References Parenthetical References with Bookswith Books

• If you do If you do notnot  mention the author in the mention the author in the introductory tag, use the author's last introductory tag, use the author's last name name andand  the page number in the the page number in the reference. reference.

• If you use the If you use the authorauthor  in the introductory in the introductory tag, include only the tag, include only the page numberpage number    in the in the parenthetical reference.parenthetical reference.

• The The one one period that ends the entire period that ends the entire sentence sentence followsfollows  the reference.the reference.

No No author in the introductory tag:author in the introductory tag:No No author in the introductory tag:author in the introductory tag:

According to Drug War Facts, “methadone treatment reduced

participants’ heroin use by 70%, their criminal activity by 57%,

and increased their full-time employment by 24%” (McVay 197).

According to Drug War Facts, “methadone treatment reduced

participants’ heroin use by 70%, their criminal activity by 57%,

and increased their full-time employment by 24%” (McVay 197).

Author in the introductory tag:Author in the introductory tag:Author in the introductory tag:Author in the introductory tag:

According to Douglas McVay, author of Drug War Facts,

“methadone treatment reduced participants’ heroin use by 70%,

their criminal activity by 57%, and increased their full-time

employment by 24%” (197).

According to Douglas McVay, author of Drug War Facts,

“methadone treatment reduced participants’ heroin use by 70%,

their criminal activity by 57%, and increased their full-time

employment by 24%” (197).

Parenthetical References with Parenthetical References with Online SourcesOnline Sources

Parenthetical References with Parenthetical References with Online SourcesOnline Sources

• If you do If you do notnot  mention the author in the introductory mention the author in the introductory tag, use the author's tag, use the author's last namelast name..

• If you use the If you use the authorauthor  in the introductory tag, in the introductory tag, no no parenthetical reference is necessary.parenthetical reference is necessary.

• If you do not have an author, use an If you do not have an author, use an abbreviated abbreviated title title in quotation marks, like this: in quotation marks, like this: (“Few (“Few Successes”)Successes”)

• The The one one period that ends the entire period that ends the entire sentence sentence followsfollows  the parenthetical reference.the parenthetical reference.

• If the quotation does not have a reference, the If the quotation does not have a reference, the period comes period comes before before the closing quotation mark.the closing quotation mark.

No No author in the introductory tag:author in the introductory tag:No No author in the introductory tag:author in the introductory tag:

According to The New York Times, Matt Harding’s dance video is

“an almost perfect piece of Internet art” (McGrath).

According to The New York Times, Matt Harding’s dance video is

“an almost perfect piece of Internet art” (McGrath).

Author in the introductory tag:Author in the introductory tag:Author in the introductory tag:Author in the introductory tag:

Charles McGrath, a reporter for The New York Times, considers

Matt Harding’s dance video “an almost perfect piece of Internet

art.”

Charles McGrath, a reporter for The New York Times, considers

Matt Harding’s dance video “an almost perfect piece of Internet

art.”

All parenthetical All parenthetical references must references must

flawlessly matchflawlessly match the the entry on the works entry on the works

cited page.cited page.

McVay, Douglas. Drug War Facts. Toronto: Chelsea House

Publishers, 2003.

McVay, Douglas. Drug War Facts. Toronto: Chelsea House

Publishers, 2003.

According to Drug War Facts, “methadone treatment reduced participants’ heroin use by 70%, their criminal activity by 57%, and increased their full-time employment by 24%” (McVay 197).

According to Drug War Facts, “methadone treatment reduced participants’ heroin use by 70%, their criminal activity by 57%, and increased their full-time employment by 24%” (McVay 197).

Establish a flawless match Establish a flawless match between parenthetical reference between parenthetical reference and works cited page entry:and works cited page entry:

Establish a flawless match Establish a flawless match between parenthetical reference between parenthetical reference and works cited page entry:and works cited page entry:

Write the ConclusionWrite the ConclusionWrite the ConclusionWrite the Conclusion

• Write Write one one sentence that summarizes sentence that summarizes the the main idea main idea of the paper.of the paper.

• Write Write one one sentence of summary for sentence of summary for each each of your four main points. Remind of your four main points. Remind your reader of the your reader of the good ideas good ideas you you covered.covered.

• End with a End with a thoughtful thoughtful last statement. last statement. You can have an You can have an opinion opinion here or here or address the reader directly.address the reader directly.

• The conclusion must be at least The conclusion must be at least 6 6 sentencessentences..

Final VersionFinal VersionFinal VersionFinal Version

• Your essay is due in class on Your essay is due in class on Thursday, Thursday, ______________________________________________..

• You must put the essay You must put the essay in my in my handshands..

• Remember to bring your Remember to bring your score score sheetsheet..

• You must also submit a copy to You must also submit a copy to SafeAssignSafeAssign. No SafeAssign copy = . No SafeAssign copy = zerozero..

The End.The End.