pre

The

The

Adm

The

The

and

pre

Ind

206

Cam

LNIn

F

epared for:

e Elliott Bay Trus

e National Ocean

ministration,

e United States D

e State of Washi

d The Mucklesho

epared by:

dustrial Economic

67 Massachusetts

mbridge, MA 021

Lower Naturanjury

inal | M

stees:

nic and Atmosph

Department of th

ngton, The Suqu

ot Indian Tribe

cs, Incorporated

s Avenue

40

Duwaal Res Asses

March 20

eric

he Interior,

uamish Tribe,

amish ourcessmen

019

Rivere Damt Plan

r age An

ssessmment:

This page intentionally left blank.

TA

TA

LI

LI

EX

CH

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

CH

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

CH

3.1

3.2

3.3

ABLE OF C

ABLE OF CO

ST OF EXH

ST OF ACR

XECUTIVE S

HAPTER 1

1  Purpose and

2  Site History

3  Trusteeship

4  Overview o

1.4.1 Determ

1.4.2 Steps in

5  Summary o

1.5.1 Compa

6  Use of Exis

7  Coordinatio

8  Coordinatio

1.8.1 Admin

HAPTER 2

1  Geographic

2  Description

3  Natural Res

2.3.1 Natura

2.3.2 Biolog

4  Natural Res

2.4.1 Ecolog

2.4.2 Recrea

2.4.3 Tribal

5  Confirmatio

HAPTER 3

1 Hazardous

2 Natural Res

3  Injury Dete

CONTENTS

ONTENTS

IBITS

ONYMS AND

SUMMARY

| INTROD

d Overview

y

p and Authori

of Natural Res

mination to Pu

n the Natural

of NRDA Act

arison of Rem

sting Informat

on with Other

on with the Pu

nistrative Reco

| NATURA

c Scope

n of the Asses

sources in the

l Resources

ical Resource

source Servic

gical Services

ational Use se

Services

on of Exposu

| APPROA

Substances

sources

ermination

D ABBREVIA

UCTION

ty

source Damag

ursue a Type B

Resource Da

tivities at the

medy and NRD

tion

r Parties

ublic

ord

AL RESOURC

ssment Area

e Assessment

es

ces

rvices

ure

ACH FOR IN

ATIONS

ge Assessmen

B Assessmen

amage Assess

Site

DA

CES AND RE

Area

JURY DETE

nt

nt

sment Process

ESOURCE S

ERMINATIO

s

ERVICES

N

 

 

 

 

1  

3 

3 

7 

8 

8 

9 

11 

12 

14 

14 

15 

15 

16  

16 

16 

19 

19 

20 

22 

23 

23 

24 

26 

27  

27 

28 

28 

3.4

CH

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

CH

5.1

5.2

5.3

5.4

5.5

5.6

5.7

5.8

5.9

RE

AP

3.3.1 Pathwa

3.3.2 Injury t

3.3.3 Injury

4 Summary o

HAPTER 4

1 Ecological

2 Recreationa

3 Tribal Loss

4 Temporal S

5 Baseline

HAPTER 5

1 Study Prior

2  Injury Asse

3  Injury Asse

4 Sharing Da

5 Quality Ass

6 Study Mana

7 Data Gener

8  effectivenes

9 Data Valida

EFERENCES

PPENDIX A:

ay

to Natural Re

Caused by Re

of Injury Dete

| INJURY

DETERM

Injury Quanti

al Use Injury

s Quantificatio

Scope

| ONGOIN

ritization

essment Study

essment Study

ata, Split Samp

surance

agement

ration and Ac

ss Assessmen

ation and Usa

RESPONSE

esources

emedial Actio

ermination

QUANTIFIC

MINATION

ification and

Quantificatio

on Approach

NG AND PRO

y Summary

y Description

ples, and Ana

quisition

nt and Oversig

ability

E TO PUBLI

ons

CATION AND

Damage Dete

on and Damag

OPOSED ST

ns

alytical Resul

ght

C COMMEN

D DAMAGE

ermination A

ge Determina

UDIES

lts

TS

Approach

ation Approac

28 

31 

31 

32 

33  

34 

ch 36 

37 

38 

39 

40  

42 

42 

46 

57 

58 

59 

60 

61 

61 

LI

Ex

Ex

Ex

Ex

Ex

Ex

Ex

Ex

Ex

ST OF EXH

xhibit 1-1

xhibit 1-2

xhibit 1-3

xhibit 2-1

xhibit 2-2

xhibit 3-1

xhibit 4-1

xhibit 5-1

xhibit 5-2

HIBITS

Map of Location

Approxi

TimelinRestoratElliott B

Map of

Cross SeHabitat

Concept

ExampleSpecies)

Ongoing

Personn

the Duwamisn of the Duwa

imate Locatio

e of Selected tion within th

Bay

Assessment A

ection of Sha(NOAA 2013

tual Site Mod

e Injury Quan)

g and Planned

nel Plan

sh/Green Riveamish River (

ons of Active

Events Relathe Lower Duw

Area

allow Subtidal3) – The Aqu

del

ntification for

d Studies

er Lower Wat(NOAA 2013

Superfund S

ted to Contamwamish River

l, Mudflat, Muatic Habitat C

r Habitat Qua

tershed and 3)

ites

mination, NRDr and the Mou

Marsh, and RipComplex

ality Indicator

2

5

DA, and uth of

13

18

parian 20

31

rs (by 37

44

60

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As

BE

CE

CF

CO

CS

DI

EP

EW

IC

ML

MN

NO

NR

OU

PA

PC

PI

Pla

PR

QA

QA

QC

ST OF ACR

ssessment Are

EHP

ERCLA

FR

OC

SO

IVER

PA

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C

LLW

NR

OAA

RDA

U

AHs

CBs

an

RP

A

APP

C

RONYMS A

ea LowestuHarb

bis(2

ComLiab

Cod

cont

com

NOAdata

U.S

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insti

mea

Mon

Nati

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Ope

poly

poly

Prin

Inju

Pote

qual

Qua

qual

ND ABBRE

wer seven miluary where thebor Island

2-ethylhexyl)

mprehensive Ebility Act

de of Federal R

taminant of c

mbined sewer

AA Data Inteabase

. Environmen

t Waterway

itutional cont

an lower low w

nitored Natur

ional Oceanic

ural Resource

erable Unit

ycyclic aroma

ychlorinated b

ncipal Investig

ury Assessmen

entially Respo

lity assurance

ality Assuranc

lity control

EVIATIONS

les of the Lowe River enters

)phthalate

Environmenta

Regulations

oncern

overflow

egration Visua

ntal Protection

trol

water

ral Recovery

c and Atmosp

e Damage As

atic hydrocarb

biphenyls

gator

nt Plan

onsible Party

e

ce Project Pla

wer Duwamishs Elliott Bay a

al Response,

alization Exp

n Agency

pheric Admin

sessment

bons

an

h River, incluand the delta

Compensatio

ploration and R

nistration

uding the near

on, and

Reporting

RC

RI

RP

SD

Sit

TB

Ell

U.

US

CDP

I/FS

P/PEIS

D

te

BT

liott Bay Trus

S.

SC

Rest

Rem

RestStat

storm

HarbWat

tribu

stees NOAWas

Unit

Unit

toration Com

medial Investi

toration Plan tement

m drain

bor Island, Loterway Super

utyltin

AA, United Sshington, Suq

ted States

ted States Co

mpensation and

igation/Feasib

and Program

ockheed Wesfund Sites

States Departmquamish Tribe

ode

d Determinat

bility Study

mmatic Enviro

st Seattle, and

ment of the Ine, and Muckle

tion Plan

onmental Imp

d the Lower D

nterior, State eshoot Indian

pact

Duwamish

of n Tribe

EX

ThthainttidbroestDudreoilof rivW(to

DehastesytribTrEllto an

UnUntheDeAd(coAshawhAreqha

XECUTIVE

he Lower Duwat has been suto the presentdal wetlands, eoad expanse otuary borderinuwamish Riveedging, fillingl and hazardoindustrial and

ver and are unest Seattle Su

ogether, the S

espite these albitat for more

eelhead, and sstem release abutaries also

ribe and the Suliott Bay tied support recred commercia

nder the Comnited States Ce United Stateepartment of Cdministration ollectively, Elssessment (NRbitat of the lohere the Riverrea). The ultimuivalent of inzardous subst

SUMMARY

wamish Riverubject to const. Historicallyentering Ellioof unvegetateng the south mer changed sigg, and deepenus substancesd municipal a

ndergoing remuperfund site, ite).

lterations, thee than 50 fishshellfish. Threapproximatelysupport a natuuquamish Trito these hatc

eational harvel harvesting o

mprehensive ECode (USC) §es (U.S.) DepCommerce, re(NOAA), thelliott Bay TruRDA) for resoower seven mr enters Elliotmate goal of Nnjured naturaltances. To ach

r is an urban wsiderable levey, the Lower Dott Bay via thred intertidal flmargin of Ellignificantly du

ning of the rivs were dischaactivities. Thrmediation: the

and the Low

e Lower Duwh species, inclee salmon haty 14 million jural salmon ribe are involvhery operatio

est of fish by tof fish by trib

nvironmental§ 9601, et seq

partment of thepresented bye Suquamish ustees) are conources exposeiles of the Lott Bay and theNRDA is to r resources anhieve this goa

waterway flowls of industria

Duwamish Riree main distrlats and shalloiott Bay (Bloue to industriaver channel. Inarged to the Lree active Supe Harbor Islan

wer Duwamish

wamish River cluding chum, tcheries withijuvenile salmrun (NOAA 2ved in the manons. The Lowthe general pual members.

l Response, Cq. (CERCLA)

he Interior, they the NationaTribe, and thenducting a Naed to hazardo

ower Duwamie delta area nerestore, replacnd resource seal, the Elliott

wing throughal use throughiver and estuaributary chanows that existmberg 1988)alization and n addition, sinower Duwam

perfund sites and Superfund h Waterway S

continues to pChinook, pinin the Green/D

mon each year2017). The Munagement of ner Duwamishublic and sub

Compensation), and other ae State of Wal Oceanic ande Muckleshooatural Resour

ous substanceish River, incear Harbor Is

ce, rehabilitateervices lost du

Bay Trustees

h Seattle, Washout its historary meanderednnels, and inclted at the mou. Over time, tthe straightennce the early

mish River as are located alsite, the Lock

Superfund site

provide imponk, and coho sDuwamish R

r, and the riveuckleshoot Innet pen opera

h River also cbsistence, cere

n, and Liabilitapplicable autashington, thed Atmospheriot Indian Tribrce Damage s and oil in th

cluding the estsland (Assessme, or acquire tue to the releas will comple

i

shington ry and d through luded a uth of the the Lower ning, 1900s, a result long the kheed e

ortant salmon,

River er and its ndian ations in ontinues emonial,

ty Act 42 thorities, e U.S. ic be

he aquatic tuary ment the

ase of ete a

nuAs

ThDuexcoExexbaadFehafoc(scas of potribthrecoinjcorelresthosca

FoAsshearchuTrthealsAsthecoof we

1 Bi

umber of stepsssessment Pla

his Plan descruwamish Riveisting data anntamination o

xploration andtent possible,sed on injuryverse change

ederal Regulatzardous substcusing effortsculpin), bottomset forth morconcern (CO

olycyclic arombutyl tin (TBTroughout the Aological, recrjuries and addncern would leases, exposusource injurieose injuries toaling of restor

or millennia, Nssessment Areellfish, gatherchaeological s

unter-fisher-garibal Trustees e 1855 Treatyso have adjudssessment Aree estuarine ecntaminants. Cresources in

ell-being of th

ota are the animal

s outlined in tan (Plan).

ribes the Ellioer, natural res

nd informationon natural resd Reporting d, the Elliott B

y definitions inin the resour

tions (CFR) §tances and oils on injuries tm-dwelling fire fully in the

OCs) warrantinmatic hydrocaT) due to theiAssessment A

reational, or trditional site-rethen be incluure, and injures and serviceo define the scration project

Native Ameriea for culturaring of plantssites documenatherer use ofhave reserve

y of Point Ellidicated usual aea. The cultur

cosystem resoContaminationthe Assessme

he Tribes.

ls and plants of a p

the CERCLA

ott Bay Trustesources assocn regarding thsources (e.g., Ndatabase (DIVay Trustees an the CERCLrce or the exis§§ 11.14(v) &l on Assessmo benthic inv

fish (English sstudies descr

ng immediatearbons (PAHsir elevated coArea, and conribal use injurelated contamded in pathwa

ries as requiree losses are decope and scalts.

icans have useal and subsistes for medicinented in the Duf Duwamish Rd fishing, huniott signed wiand accustomre and way of

ources that havn in the Assesent Area and h

particular region or

A NRDA regu

ees’ current uniated with thehe likely expoNOAA Data

VER), site-speare using thesLA NRDA regstence of a co

& 11.62). To ement Area biotvertebrates (insole), and salmribed in this Pe action by thes), polychlorinoncentrations,nnection to indry studies ma

minants. Theseay and other

ed by the NRDetermined, thele of losses an

ed the naturalence activitieses, and religiouwamish RivRiver as earlynting, and gatith the United

med fishing arf life of Trustve been expossment Area hhas a negativ

r habitat.

ulations, inclu

nderstanding e Assessmentosure to and eIntegration V

ecific toxicitye data to begigulations, suconsumption adevaluate the ata1, the Elliottncluding shellmon and assoPlan. At this te Elliott Bay nated bipheny, widespread pdustrial sourc

ay indicate cone additional cstudies necesDA regulatione Elliott Bay Tnd to inform t

l resources ats including haous ceremoniever drainage dy as 2,000 yeathering rightsd States. Furteas that are lotee Tribes are osed to Assesshas and contie effect on th

ding this Inju

of the Lowert Area, and theffects of Visualization y studies). To in to determinch as a measudvisory (43 Cadverse effectt Bay Trusteelfish), forage ociated servictime, the contTrustees inclu

yls (PCBs), anpresence in seces. The resulnnections betcontaminants ssary to connens. Once all nTrustees will the selection a

, near, and wiarvesting fishes. Four

document thatars ago (Larsos (among othether, Trustee Tocated in the inextricably

sment Area-reinues to limit

he cultural and

ii

ury

r he types of

the ne injury rable

Code of ts of es are fish e losses

taminants ude nd ediments lts of tween of

ect natural

quantify and

ithin the h and

t initial on 1995). ers) under Tribes

tied to elated the use

d spiritual

Attrib

Tothewiprodirfisinjdares

Th2),resrelnestureaAdbyDe

Thin mabegu

t this time, thebal losses usi

EcologicaArea. To these resoneeded tomethod(sdocument

Recreatiowill rely omethods fElliott Baservices orecreation

Tribal loquantify timpacts to

o determine ane Elliott Bay Till ultimately ojects that wirectly to the Ash, bottom-dwjury due to thta collection sources.

he Elliott Bay, and longer-tsults of previoleases; and abarer-term larg

udies. This syasonable cost dditionally, sty other entitiesepartment of F

his Plan is notthe course of

ay become necomes availab

uarantee that i

e Elliott Bay Tng the follow

al: A variety determine the

ources, the Elo generate an ) for determint.

onal (humanon existing infor quantifyinay Trustees mor the cost of nal use value

ost services: Tthe change ino tribal comm

nd quantify nTrustees idenassist the Ellill compensate

Assessment Awelling fish, ae release of Sand analyses

y Trustees prioterm prioritiesous studies; nbility to assistgely rely upon

ystematic approutlined in th

tudy developms (e.g., U.S. EFish and Wild

t intended to lf the assessmeecessary or adble. In additiot will be unde

Trustees anticwing approach

of natural rese damages reqlliott Bay Truequivalent quning damages

n use): To assnformation anng recreationa

may base damaimplementingcreated is equ

The Elliott Ban services provmunities due t

natural resourcntified potentiiott Bay Truste for those inj

Area (e.g., benand salmon) anSite-related hanecessary to

oritized studies (Level 3) ba

needs for clarit in scaling ren existing datroach helps enhe CERCLA ment may be Environmentadlife).

limit additionent, as the Elldvisable as theon, the inclusertaken – the

cipate assessihes for injury

sources utilizequired to com

ustees intend tuantity of injus will be furth

sess the scopend interviews,al losses due tages either ong sufficient reuivalent to th

ay Trustees wvided by natuto contaminat

ce injuries usiial studies thatees in identifjuries. The stu

nthic inverteband therefore hazardous subsevaluate base

es as nearer-tased on the deifying extent storation alteta or provide nsure that stuNRDA regulcoordinated w

al Protection A

nal or alternatliott Bay Truse assessment

sion of a studyElliott Bay T

ing ecologicaquantification

e the habitat wmpensate for eto calculate thured species oher discussed

e of losses, the, and may impto contaminatn the lost valuestoration suce value lost.

will conduct a ural resourcestion of resour

ing the methoat may be impfying and scatudies focus orates (includihave the highstances. Each eline conditio

erm (Level 1)ependence of of injury and rnatives. Studa foundation

udies satisfy thlations, 43 CFwith ongoing Agency and W

ive studies thstees recognizproceeds and

y within this PTrustees may d

l, recreationan:

within the Asecological injhe quantity ofover time. Thein a separate

e Elliot Bay Tplement survetion if warranue of recreatioch that the am

cultural assess and corresporces.

ods describedplemented, anling restoratio

on species tieding shellfish),hest likelihood

study will inons of natural

), middle-termf each study o

connections dies prioritizefor subsequenhe standard o

FR part 11. study efforts

Washington

hat may be unze that other sd new informaPlan does notdetermine tha

iii

al, and

ssessment uries to

f habitat e

Trustees ey-based nted. The onal use

mount of

ssment to onding

d above, nd that on d most , forage d of

nclude the

m (Level n the to

ed as nt

of

initiated

ndertaken studies ation t at some of

thewito

ese efforts areill be developsupport Trust

e not needed oed for each imtee decisions

or may have lmplemented sin the contex

lower prioritystudy to ensurxt of the NRD

y. A Quality Are that data ar

DA process.

Assurance Prore of sufficien

iv

oject Plan nt quality

CH

ThexIslsyhisopmamepedis

In phdrewacauma

DewaDuof (Asalimovto

In areAmof imcumiDuoptrib

HAPTER 1

he Duwamish tending from land in Seattlestem, known storic dischar

perated or conanufacturing, etal fabricatiotroleum storascharge point

addition to thhysically modedged to mainater habitats wusing the Lowarshes that on

espite significaterway for asuwamish Watspecies of fis

AECOM 2012lmonids, serv

mportant foragver 80 species

feed, rest, an

addition to the connected tomerican commEuropean set

mportance of thrrent tribal usigratory salmouwamish Riveperations, and bes have also

| INTRO

River comprthe confluen

e, Washingtonas the Lowerges of hazard

ntinue to operashipyards tha

on, lumber miage (primarily

for many com

he adverse effified and channtain the Fedewhere none hiwer Duwamisnce existed.

cant alterationssociated natuterway Remedsh, nine of wh2, Windward 2ving as a transging environm of birds and d reproduce f

he ecological o and utilize tmunities’ relattlers to the Sehis area to Trses and conneon, cultural ever as a migratthe use of ne

o harvested cla

ODUCTION

rises the last tnce of the Gren (Exhibit 1-1r Duwamish Rdous wastes date along the at manufacturilling and story on Harbor Ismbined sewer

fects of contannelized. Theeral navigatioistorically exish River to co

ns, the Lower ural resourcesdial Investigahich were salm2010). The rivsition area as

ment for juvensix species of

for at least pa

functions prothe natural re

ationship to theattle area (Lrustee Tribes ections includvents at parkstion corridor fearby areas foams in the are

twelve miles oeen and Black1). The lowerRiver, are chadating to the e

Lower Duware and repair brage, cement sland). The Lr overflows (C

amination, thee lower portioon channel anisted. Wetlanontain only a f

r Duwamish Rs. For examplation/Feasibilmonids and sover is vital fothese fish ada

nile salmonidsf mammals th

art of the year

ovided by thesources of the

he Lower DuwLarson 1995, U

continues thrde tribal treatys along the rivfor hatchery-r

or the harvest ea. Non-Nativ

of the Green Rk Rivers to its r seven miles aracterized byarly 1900s. In

amish River inboats, cargo hproduction, f

Lower DuwamCSOs) and st

e Lower Duwon of the rivernd, as a result,ds have been fraction of th

River remainsle, sampling eity Study (RIome of whichr migrating anapt to salinitys. Remedial shat use the Lo(AECOM 20

e Lower Duwae river. Indigewamish RiverURS 1987). Trough the presy and subsistever, utilizatioraised salmonof crab and sve American

River Watersmouth at Harof this estuar

y industrial acndustries thatnclude airplanhandling and food processinmish River is atorm drains (S

wamish River hr is periodical, now containdredged and e mudflats an

s an importantefforts for theI/FS) identifieh are endangend spawning

y changes, as wstudies also idower Duwami012, Windwar

amish River, enous Native r pre-dates theThe cultural sent. Exampleence fishing oon of the Lown from upriveshrimp. Histormembers of t

1

shed, rbor rine ctivity and t have ne storage,

ng, and also the SDs).

has been lly

ns deep filled,

nd tidal

t e Lower ed dozens ered

well as an dentified ish River rd 2010).

people

e arrival

es of of

wer er rically, the public

EXHIBIT 1

alsfis

1-1 MA

DU

so make direcshing, subsiste

AP OF THE D

UWAMISH RIV

ct use of the Lence fishing,

UWAMISH/GR

VER (NOAA 2

Lower Duwamand boating.

REEN RIVER

013)

mish River thr

LOWER WAT

rough activiti

ERSHED AND

ies such as rec

D LOCATION

2

creational

OF THE

1.

ThEllaffdaareSta(Cin

ThinccocoEn

Threqthestu

1.

HisigchSadisapA unest

2 In

na

su

3 Na

he

(4

4 Da

na

5 A

de

1 PURPO

he purpose of liott Bay Trusfected by the mages4. This e conducted inates (U.S.) Co

CERCLA) NRaccordance w

he Plan will facluding a pubmprehensive ordination be

nvironmental

his Plan reprequired for injue Elliott Bay Tudies as neces

2 S ITE H

istoric maps ognificant areaannels (Blom

ammamish anscharge of freproximately 2significant fe

nvegetated inttuary borderin

jury is a measurab

atural resource res

ubstance (43 CFR §1

atural resources ar

eld in trust by, app

43 CFR §11.14(z)).

amages are the am

atural resources (43

Type B assessment

etermine and quan

SE AND OVE

f this Injury Astees will takerelease of hazprocess, natun a systematiomprehensive

RDA regulatiowith other app

acilitate coordblic comment

strategy for aetween the NRProtection Ag

sents a Phaseury determinaTrustees implssary.

ISTORY

of the Duwams of tidal wet

mberg 1988). d Washington

eshwater throu2,500 cubic fe

eature of the dertidal flats ang the south m

le adverse change

ulting either direct

11.14(v)).

re surface water (in

pertaining to, or ot

mount of money sou

3 CFR§11.14(l)).

t allows trustees to

tify injury (43 CFR

RVIEW

Assessment Plae in determinzardous substural resource c manner ande Environmenons (42 USC §plicable Feder

dination betwperiod for thi

assessing natuRDA and the gency (EPA)

e I plan for a Tation and qualement this pl

mish River estlands and entThe watershen, and the Cedugh the estuar

feet per seconddownstream pnd shallows (margin of Elli

, either long- or sh

tly or indirectly fro

ncluding sediment)

therwise controlled

ught by the natural

o apply a variety of

R §11.60).

an (Plan) is toning and quantances and oildamage asses

d at a reasonabntal Response§§ 9601 et seral and state l

ween the Elliotis Plan, with tural resource remedial actiand State of

Type B assessantification aslan, it may be

tuary show a rtering Elliott Bed area of thedar, Black, G

ary was estimad (cfs) and ne

portion of the (approximateliott Bay.

hort-term, in the c

om exposure to a d

), groundwater, ai

d by the United Sta

l resource trustee

f methodologies de

o outline the antifying injuryl and quantifyssment (NRDble cost, as ree, Compensateq., 43 CFR Plaws.

tt Bay Trustethe goal of crinjury. It will

ions being conWashington.

sment,5 focuss well as damae modified to

river meanderBay via three

e estuary incluGreen and Whated to range early 9,000 cfestuary was aly 1,450 acre

hemical or physica

discharge of oil or

r, geologic, and bi

ates, State or local

as compensation f

escribed in the CER

approach thaty2 to natural reying correspo

DA), will ensuequired by theion, and Liabart 11), and p

es and the pureating a l also promotnducted by th

sing on those age determinainclude addit

ring through e main distribuuded lakes hite Rivers. Hi

between fs (Blomberg a broad expans) at the mout

al quality or the via

release of a hazard

ological resources

l government, or In

for injury, destruct

RCLA NRDA regulat

3

t the esources3

onding ure efforts e United

bility Act prepared

ublic,

e he U.S.

steps ation. As tional

utary

istoric

1988). nse of th of the

ability of a

dous

managed by,

ndian Tribe

tion, or loss of

tions to

Ovfrochhaof eliWmu

Indof cemweRethedisair(W

LebemacanincindmaintdisfleplaproHacen

ThnaupHathe

6 A

th

ver the last ceom a dynamicannelized, indrbor areas as Harbor Islan

imination of dhile the river udbanks and a

dustrial use oWorld War Iment manufaell as lumber esidential areae popularity ostribution planrplane produc

Windward 201

eading up to thcame more dianufacturers, nnery. Lumbecorporating thdustries, alonanufacturing fto the post-Wsposal areas, wedged landfillants were estaoducts gave rarbor Island. Mntury are still

he increasingltural resource

pland and adjaarbor Island, Le Site) as Sup

distributary is a st

his phenomenon is k

entury, the Loc estuarine sydustrial waterearly as 1895d, the East andistributaries6

still functionarmoring in p

f the river in I. These early cturing, food storage and mas in Georgetoof motor vehicnt on Harbor

ction and an in10).

he middle of iverse, includconstruction er productionhe use of poleg with metal facilities cont

World War II ewhich starteds. In the secoablished in adrise to an expaMany of the il in operation

ly industrial ues through muacent to the riLockheed We

perfund sites o

ream that branche

known as river bifu

ower Duwamistem with adjrway. Tidal fl5 (Battelle et and West Wate6, and straightns as habitat, tplaces.

the early 190industries incprocessing, a

milling, metalown and Soutcles grew, leaIsland (MOHncreased need

the century, tding the estabcompanies, s

n continued toe treatments aworking, mactinued to flou

era. These indd as casual dumnd half of the

ddition to the anded area ofindustries estatoday (Wind

uses of the Loultiple pathwaver. As a resuest Seattle, anon the Nation

es off and flows aw

urcation. The oppo

ish River has jacent wetlanlats and marshal. 2001). The

erways, and thtening the sinthese changes

00s became escluded shipyaand cold storal fabrication, a

uth Park were ading to the inHAI 2015). Wd for shipyard

the industrieslishment of a

slaughterhouso thrive and evand wood preschine shops, a

urish during thdustrial activitumping sites be century, othlead smelter.

f tank farms aablished in th

dward 2010).

ower Duwamiays from releult of this connd the Lower nal Priority Li

way from a main str

osite of a distributa

been dramatind and uplandhes were fillee early 1900she Duwamish

nuous shape os left a shoreli

specially promards, airplaneage in supportand equipmenestablished d

nstallation of World War II l

ds and mainte

along the Loa lead smelterses, meat packvolve, which servation techasphalt comphe middle of tties created a before some eher foundries a

The increaseand petroleumhe middle to la

ish River led ases of hazar

ntamination, EDuwamish W

ist (Exhibit 1-

ream channel. A co

ary is a tributary.

ically transford riparian areaed to create prs saw the consh shipping chaf the original ine with steep

minent with the manufacturinrt of the war ent manufactur

during this timf a petroleum led to an increenance faciliti

ower Duwami, cement king facilitiesincluded

hniques. Thesanies, and chthe last centurneed for was

eventually becand galvanizaed need for pe

m storage facilate part of the

to contaminatdous substancEPA designat

Waterway (col-2).

ommon feature of

4

rmed as to a rotected struction annel, river.

pened

he onset ng,

effort, as ring.

me, and

ease in ies

ish River

s, and a

se hemical ry and

ste came full-ation etroleum lities on e last

tion of ces ted llectively,

river deltas,

EXHIB

BIT 1-2 AP

HafarsedthiFiv

PPROXIMATE

arbor Islandrms, shipyarddiments adjacis site was divve of the six O

LOCATIONS

is situated atds, and a seconcent to Harbovided into opeOUs have bee

OF ACTIVE S

t the mouth ofndary lead smr Island are inerable units (Oen remediated

SUPERFUND

f the Lower Dmelter occupiencluded in theOUs) for mand. Sediment in

S ITES

Duwamish Rived most of thee site boundarnagement purn the remainin

ver. Petroleume island, and ries. The clea

rposes (EPA 2ng OU, East

5

m tank

anup of 2015).

WarsSeWStuco

LoLomeactapof ordanalsdethe

Thupanpriecoas earplaDe19watheethad

aterway (EWsenic, polycyceafood consumaterway, and udy and prefemment in 201

ockheed Wesower Duwamiercury and othtivities (Lockproximately sclean backfil

der to supportd cover particso be put in psign is expectereafter (Lock

he Lower Duwpstream approd oil, includinimarily stemsological risksconsumptionrly action plaan. Two Earlyecree to addre999 to removeas dredged ane Duwamish/Dhylhexyl)phthditional early

Slip 4. PCsand, gravcompletenew shallother fish

Terminal substancedocument

Boeing Pshoreline

W), is contaminclic aromaticmption is the despite consu

erred cleanup 18 (EPA 2018

st is located inish River. Conher metals, an

kheed Martin sixteen acres ll material wilt benthic orgaculates releaslace, but withted to be comkheed Martin

wamish Watoximately fiveng PCBs, PAs from ingestis are driven byn of contaminaans for the Lowy Action Areaess contaminae PCB-contamnd backfilled. Diagonal CSO

halate (BEHPy action areas

CB-contaminavel, and activd in 2012. Anlow and riparih species.

117. Elevatees in the uplanted. Cleanup

lant 2/Jorgensoils was com

nated with highydrocarbonmain route ofumption advioption for EW

8a).

n Elliott Bay nntaminants ofnd other conta2018). The seof active dredll be placed oanisms, promed during dre

h no restrictiompleted in 201

2018).

terway, extene miles, is conHs, arsenic, aon of contamy direct ingesated prey (EPwer Duwamisa cleanups weation from CSminated sedim

The second cO/SD. Sedim), and butyl bwere identifi

ated sedimentvated carbon fn additional bian habitat fo

d concentratind soils as weof this site w

sen Forge. Rempleted in 20

gh levels of pns (PAHs), tribf human exposories, fishingW is expected

near the mouf concern are aminants indielected remeddging, backfi

over approximmote enhancededging (EPA 2on on tribal fis18, with reme

nding from thntaminated byand dioxins an

minated residestion of contaPA 2018c, 20sh Waterwayere conductedSOs (EPA 201ments adjacentcleanup was c

ment contaminbenzyl phthalaied during the

t was dredgedfilter materialbenefit of remor threatened P

ions of PCBs,ell as the sedi

was completed

emediation of017 to address

polychlorinatebutyltin (TBTosure to contag does occur.d to be availa

uth of the WesPCBs, PAHs

irectly associady for this sitelling, and/or c

mately thirty ad natural recov2013a). Institshing rights. Tedy constructi

he southern tipy numerous hnd furans. Hunt fish and sh

aminated sedim14). EPA dev

y, as well as a d under a CER13b). The first to the Norfoconducted in 2nated with PCate was dredge first phase o

d and the areal in 2011 and

medial action wPuget Sound

, dioxin/furaniments adjaced in 2016.

f Boeing Plans elevated lev

ed biphenyls (T), and mercuaminants in th EPA’s Feasi

able for public

st Waterway os, organic comated with shipe consists of capping, whilacres of sedimvery and helptutional contrThe final remion following

p of Harbor Ishazardous subuman health rhellfish, whilement and watveloped a seri

site-wide remRCLA NRDAst was conducolk CSO. This2003 and 200Bs, mercury,

ged and cappeof the RI:

a capped with2012. Cleanu

was the creatiChinook salm

ns, and other hent to the site

nt 2 sedimentsvels of PCBs,

6

(PCBs), ury. he East ibility c

of the mpounds, pyard

le a layer ment in p settle rols will

medial g

sland stances isk e ter as well ies of medial A Consent cted in s area 04 around

bis(2-ed. Three

h clean up was ion of mon and

hazardous were

s and as well

ThWaprivLone44moagadcapwiclainvAcsamcribeto

In DeThDuas

1.

UnaufraOiet Pa

as metalsThe remacontrol wcontaminBoeing Pcleanup oevaluationAnalysis completesurroundi

he Selected Aaterway Supeplying contam

ver, in additioong-term moncessary in MN

41 acres, will bonitoring. Theainst human avisories) and ps). The Seleith consumptiamming, and vertebrates, fiction Area clempling and aniteria have nogins, it is estibe met seven

addition to thepartment of Eheir goal is to uwamish WatTerminal 117

3 TRUSTE

nder Federal athorized to ac

amework for til Pollution Aseq.; the Nati

art 300, Subpa

, petroleum paining cleanup

work at nine Enated sedimenlant 2. With E

options to addn will be desc(EPA 2018c)d in 2017, wiing soil) that h

Alternative forerfund site invminant-sequeon to Monitorenitoring data wNR areas. Thbe sampled de remedy alsoactivity that mprotect the rected Alternation of residenbeach recreatish, and wildleanup is compnalysis are co

ot been met (Eimated to takenteen years fro

he EPA-led inEcology has breduce and e

terway. The f7 and Slip 4 (

EESHIP AND

and state reguct on behalf otrustees’ actio

Act of 1990, 33ional Oil and art G; Executi

products, and p activities at

EPA-designatent was removeEPA oversighdress in-watercribed in a Su). Upland remith the excavahistorically re

r remediation volves active stering agentsed Natural Rewill indicate w

he entire Loweduring baselino involves impmay lead to coemedy’s integive addresses

nt fish and shetion. It also adlife (EPA 201plete, source conducted, andEPA 2018c). Oe seven years om the constr

n-water sedimbeen leading liminate sour

focus of their (discussed abo

AUTHORITY

ulations, desigof the public aons is provide3 USC § 2701Hazardous Sive Orders 12

chlorinated sBoeing Plant

ed remediatioed at Jorgenseht, Jorgensen r sediment conupplemental E

medial actionsation of a 24-ieleased PCBs

of the in-watremediation s, such as actiecovery (MNwhether additer Duwamish

ne, constructiomplementing in

ontaminant exgrity (e.g., ress unacceptableellfish, as welddresses ecol14). The remecontrol minim

d the remedy dOnce construto complete,

ruction start d

ment cleanup, the upland so

rces of sedimeinitial effortsove).

gnated Federaas trustees of ned by CERCL1, et seq.; the ubstances Po

2580 (as amen

solvents inclut 2 are focuse

on areas. In 20en Forge, whiForge will evntamination a

Engineering E at the Jorgeninch undergros to a former o

ter portion of (dredging, caivated carbon

NR) of approxitional cleanup

h Waterway, won, post-constnstitutional coxposure (e.g.,stricted navige human healll as direct conlogical risks toedy will be immizes recontadesign is comction of the Swith cleanup

date (EPA 201

the State of Wource control ent contaminas was on the e

al, state, and tnatural resour

LA 42 U.S.C Clean Water

ollution Continnded by Exec

ding trichloroed on upland s014, some PCich sits adjacevaluate additioat the site. ThEvaluation annsen Forge sitound pipe (anoutfall.

the Lower Duapping, and pon) of 177 acreimately 235 ap actions will which encomptruction, and ontrols (ICs) , consumption

gation areas tolth risks assocntact from neo benthic

mplemented afamination, addmplete. To datSelected Alterp objectives e14).

Washington’seffort (Ecoloation to the L

early action ar

tribal governmrces. The leg§§ 9601 et ser Act, 33 USCngency Plan,

cutive Order 1

7

oethylene. source

CB-ent to onal

his nd Cost te were nd

uwamish otentially

es of the acres. be

passes long-term advising n o protect ciated et fishing,

fter Early ditional te, these rnative xpected

s gy 2012).

Lower reas, such

ments are gal eq.; the C § 1251,

40 CFR 13016)

anauinjdaresforputruresexreclos

ThLoJanMeamimme

1.

Threg

1.

SeTyrelthecocosel

d 12777; andthorities, natujuries caused mages (definsources, as wer the release o

ublic and enviustees from postoration projample, restorcreational oppsses to compe

he trustees forower Duwaminuary 2006, femorandum o

mong the Elliomplementing joembers for thi

The U.SAtmospadminis

The U.S

The StaDepartm

The Su

The Mu

4 OVERV

he Elliott Baygulations (43

4.1 DETERM

ections 11.34 ype A and Typlated input pae duration of nditions. Typllection of adlected when a

d other applicaural resource by the releaseed in Footnotell as the servof site-relatedronment are motentially respects outlined

ration projectsportunities forensate for inju

r natural resouish River andforming the Eof Agreementott Bay Trusteoint damage ais NRDA inc

S. Departmenpheric Adminstrative Trust

S. Departmen

ate of Washinment of Fish a

quamish Trib

uckleshoot In

IEW OF NATU

y Trustees inteCFR Part 11)

INATION TO

through 11.36pe B. Type A

arameters are the release, th

pe B assessmedditional data a hazardous su

able Federal atrustees may e of hazardoute 4 and Sectivices that woud hazardous sumade whole fponsible partiin a restoratio

s may be desir the public, auries attributa

urces affectedd Elliott Bay eElliott Bay Trut provides theees, managingassessment anlude:

nt of Commernistration (the tee for this sit

nt of the Interi

ngton, acting tand Wildlife,

be, and

ndian Tribe.

URAL RESOU

end to conduc).

PURSUE A TY

6 of 43 CFR sA assessments

required, suche location ofents are conduto fill informubstance rele

and state lawsassess and re

us substances.ion 1.4.2) wituld have beenubstances andfor any interimies are then uon plan (descigned to imprand/or create able to contam

d by hazardouentered into a ustee Councile framework fg natural resond restoration

rce, acting thre Federal agente),

rior,

through the D,

RCE DAMAGE

ct a NRDA th

YPE B ASSES

set forth two rely on a comh as mass or f the release, aucted through

mation gaps. Tase occurs ov

s and regulatiecover damag. Natural resoth the goal of n provided byd oil) are restom losses. Damsed to plan an

cribed in Sectirove habitat fokey services

mination.

us substances Memorandum

l (Elliott Bay for coordinatiource damagen actions. Elli

rough the Natncy that serve

Department of

E ASSESSMEN

hat follows the

SSMENT

different assemputer modelvolume of theair temperatuh the review oType B assessmver a long tim

ions. Under thges for naturalource trustees ensuring that

y injured resouored and that mages collectnd implemention 1.4.2 beloor native biotthat address t

released intom of AgreemTrustees). Th

ion and coope recoveries, aiott Bay Trust

tional Oceanies as the lead

f Ecology and

NT

e CERCLA N

essment methl where certaie substance re

ure, and wind of existing datments are typ

meframe, cons

8

hese legal l resource seek

t the urces (but the

ted by the t ow). For a, create tribal

o the ment in

he eration and tee

c and

d the

NRDA

hods: in site-eleased,

ta and the pically ists of

muacc

Duanlen

1.

ThPhspe

Duexthotheresthethaa f

DePhva

ThReallPhdoDe(Rnascaach

In cothrtheearavoffbyear

ultiple contamcurately mod

ue to the physd the variety ngth, the Ellio

4.2 STEPS IN

he NRDA prohase, and Postecific phases

uring the Preaisting data relose substanceere is evidencsponsible for e trustees’ detat a NRDA coformal assessm

evelopment ohase. The secorious stages o

he Post-Assesestoration Plal the documenhase (e.g., the ocumentation etermination p

RCDP)). Usingtural resourceale and scopehieved.

addition, trusmmence withrough earlier ere may be a brlier than mayailable informfsets against f

y definition, tarly restoration

minants, or oceled by a com

sical, ecologicand duration

ott Bay Truste

N THE NATUR

ocess includest-assessment Pfor this Site d

assessment Phlated to the re

es on natural rce to support creleasing thetermination thould and shoument.

f an Injury Aond step is imof drafting thi

ssment Phase n. The former

ntation supporPreassessmenused in the Inphases; and thg informationes and associae of that restor

stees may ideh a restorationphases. Becaubenefit to eary otherwise bmation, trusteefuture tallies oake place befon projects stil

ccurs in a commputer progra

cal, and cultuof hazardous

ees determine

RAL RESOUR

s three distincPhase. These described in S

hase, trustees elease of hazaresources. Thclaims for natse substanceshat further invuld be perform

ssessment Plamplementationis Plan and co

requires a Rer describes thrting the detent Screen Detnjury Determihe Restorationn from the Assated services ration such th

ntify early ren project befouse these opp

rlier implemene achieved), tes estimate reof natural resore completioll need to satis

mplex system am.

ural complexits substance reed that a Type

CE DAMAGE

ct phases: Prephases are de

Section 1.7.

review readiardous substa

he review leadtural resources to the envirovestigation anmed). This ph

an is often then of the plan. onducting the

eport of Asseshe results of therminations thtermination; tination, Quann and Compesessment Phawill be restor

hat sufficient

storation oppore the assessmportunities mantation (e.g., trustees may estoration creources damag

on of the assesfy priorities

that cannot b

ties of the Loweleases that oce B assessmen

ASSESSMENT

assessment Pescribed gene

ly available inances and the ds to a determe damages agonment. This nd assessmenhase is a prere

e first step in The subsectio NRDA.

ssment and prhe Assessmenhat were madethe Assessmentification, anensation Deterase, the RCDPred and specifcompensation

portunities, thament has procay be short-livrestoration ofagree to pursdits for such ges. Such earssment procewith regard t

be simplified a

wer Duwamiccurred alongnt is most app

T PROCESS

Phase, Assessmerally below,

nformation anpotential imp

mination of whainst the partistep also doc

nts are warrantequisite to con

the Assessmeons below de

roject-specifint Phase and ie in the Assesent Plan and nd Damage rmination PlaP describes hofically informn for injuries

at is, chancesceeded complved in duratiof natural resouue them. Usinprojects and ily restoration

ess. However,to project type

9

and

sh River g its propriate.

ment with the

nd pacts of hether ies

cuments ted (i.e., nducting

ent scribe the

c includes ssment

an ow

ms the is

s to letely on, or urces ng identify

n projects, these e.

ThenauresEllStasettheassof

As

Thamde

In j

DecosubthewaGequex

In j

OnscaQucotheof an

Da

Dusubqunaresresacclos

herefore, trustvironmental athorities to adstoration actioliott Bay Trusatement (RP/Pttlement oppoe Elliott Bay Tsessment pharestoration to

sessment P la

he assessmentmended in the termination a

jury Determi

etermination onsists of docubstance from e released subater, sedimentenerally, injuruality or viabiposure to a di

jury Quanti f

nce it has beenale of the injuuantification crresponding le condition ofhazardous sud all phases o

mage Determ

uring damagebstances are d

uantification ptural resourcesources” (43 Cstoration that counting for tst resources a

tees may deveanalyses undeddress early rons, and fulfilstees preparedPEIS) to meeortunities. TheTrustee’s neese, which cono compensate

ann ing

t planning stefuture by the

and quantifica

inat ion

of injury to naumentation ththe point of r

bstance, and (t, soil, groundry is defined ality of a naturischarge of oi

i cat ion

n determinedury will be qucan use a widlost service (df the resourceubstances (43 of the injury a

minat ion

e determinatiodetermined, rphase. Damage trustee as coCFR §11.14(lis capable of the interim lo

and/or service

elop a Restoraer the Nationaestoration oppll the trusteesd a Restoratio

et environmene RP/PEIS de

ed to develop ntains the deta for losses (43

p is encompae Elliott Bay Tation of natura

atural resourchat there is: (1release to a po(2) that injurydwater, biota)as a measurearal resource reil or release o

d that a resouruantified for ede range of mediscussed furte(s) that would

CFR §11.14(e

assessment.

on, damages relying upon t

ges are defineompensation fl)). Damages

f providing theoss of servicess. Damage de

ation Plan (Ral Environmeportunities, p

s’ complianceon Plan / Progntal complianeveloped for ean RCDP, coails that speci3 CFR §11.8

assed in this InTrustees. Thisal resource in

ces under the 1) a pathway foint at which

y to a natural r) has occurredable adverse cesulting eithe

of a hazardous

rce or resourceach resource etrics, dependther in Chapted have existee)), must be c

resulting fromthe informatiod as, “the amfor injury, decan be quante same servics (past and fuetermination o

RP) and conduental Policy Aprovide a genee obligations. grammatic Ence requiremenearly restorationtemplated wifically inform1 and 11.93).

njury Assessms Plan sets for

njury and dam

CERCLA NRfor the releasenatural resou

resource of ind, as defined ichange in theer directly or is substance (4

ces have been for which da

ding on the iner 4). Baselind but for disc

considered an

m the release oon obtained in

mount of monestruction, or l

tified based onces as those thuture); and/or often include

uct appropriatAct and other eral frameworIn this matter

nvironmental nts for early ion does not swithin the posm the scale an

ment Plan andrth the metho

mages.

RDA regulatied hazardous

urces are exponterest (i.e., aiin 43 CFR §1 chemical or indirectly from43 CFR §11.1

injured, the samages will benjured resourcne conditions, charge of oil ond accounted f

of hazardous n the injury ey sought by tloss of naturan the cost of hat were lost, the monetarys the develop

10

te

rk for r, the Impact

supplant st-nd scope

d may be od for the

ions osed to ir, surface

11.62. physical m 14(v)).

scope and e sought. ce and that is,

or release for in this

the al

y value of pment of a

RCrepres

Re

FoPlapreres

1.

NR

CDP, which dplacement/acqstoration eval

storat ion of

ollowing compan may be deeviously comstoration alter

5 SUMMA

RDA activitie

The Elliofinalized released fBay Trusreadily av

The Ellioresponsibthe Lowebreadth oresearch; practicabcharacterapplied incompensaPRPs impSite-relat

UnKinhabHamMawatsedsedacti(e.g199

Conrestfive

describes optiquisition of eluation and im

In jured Res

pletion of theveloped base

mpleted restorarnative to com

ARY OF NRDA

es at the Site h

ott Bay Trustein December from the Site tees also detevailable or ma

ott Bay Trusteble parties (PRer Duwamish of existing inf

reasonably cle; and guidanized natural rn the context ate the publicplemented or ed contamina

der a 1991 cong County (fobitat restoratiomm Creek, bo

arine, built in tershed, comp

diment remedidiment remediivities, as welg., Elliott Bay98).

nsistent with toration projee acres. The E

ons for achievquivalent reso

mplementation

ources

e assessment pd on the RCDation planningmpensate for l

A ACTIVIT IES

have been ong

ees conducted2009, whichand potential

ermined that day be obtaine

ees reached eaRPs) for damaRiver. These

formation, inconservative, snce in the Fedresource injurof NRDA and

c for these losfunded restor

ation.

onsent decree ormerly Munion projects onoth built in 202006), contripleted two sediation compleiation projectll as additionay nearshore su

a 2010 conseects on their oElliott Bay Tr

ving the scaleources. The Rn efforts.

process and reDP (if compleg documents losses.

AT THE S ITE

going for sev

d a Preassessmh determined tlly caused injudata sufficiend at a reasona

arly settlemenages resultingsettlements a

cluding the resimplifying aderal regulatiries and lost sd identified thses. Per the teration that ben

(as amendedicipality of Mn the Duwam000; Cecil Mibuted to sevediment remedeted in 1999 at completed inal restoration ubstrate enhan

ent decree, Boown property rustees determ

e of restoratioRCDP may bu

ecovery of daeted), or updatto more fully

E

veral years.

ment Screen athat hazardouury to natural

nt to pursue anable cost (NO

nts with someg from injurieare supported sults of reme

assumptions toions. The Elliervices usinghe cost of resterms of thesenefited natura

d in 1999), theMetropolitan Smish River (He

oses Park, bueral other habdiation projecand the Diagon 2004), and sand remediat

ncement proj

oeing completin 2014, total

mined that the

on or uild upon prev

amages, a Rested based on

y develop the

and Determinaus substances l resources. Tn assessment

OAA 2009).

e potentially es to trust resod by the extensdial studies; ao the extent ott Bay Trust

g methods typtoration suffi

e settlements, al resources in

e City of SeatSeattle) complerrings Houseuilt in 2003; anitat projects i

cts (Norfolk Conal/Duwamisource controtion in Elliottect completed

ted two habitling approximese projects re

11

vious

storation

preferred

ation, were

The Elliott are

ources in sive academic

tees pically cient to settling njured by

ttle and leted four e and nd Kenco in the CSO sh CSO

ol t Bay d in

at mately esolved

A Ex

1.

Wocactopanha§9Suanlanhathared

BoeAss

The Elliodeveloppreferrecomprethe rangLower allowedof earlyRP/PEIthe asse

timeline of sexhibit 1-3.

5.1 COMPAR

ith oversight curred and artivities and N

perate concurrd/or reduce tozardous subst

9601(24)). Thuperfund progd capping conndfills, all of wzardous substat is temperedduction of hum

eing’s liabilitsessment Are

ott Bay Trusteped for early red alternativeehensive plan ge of natural rDuwamish Rd the Elliott By settlement aIS will be updessment proce

elected histor

ISON OF REM

from EPA anre planned for

NRDA is an imrently and oveo acceptable ltances at a sitese efforts are

gram, or a comntaminants inwhich can, fotances of cond by the knowman and natu

ty for natural a.

ees released a restoration pu

e for the Site, based on restresources inju

River (NOAA Bay Trustees tagreements. Itdated with infess and is com

ical contamin

MEDY AND NR

nd the State ofr the Site (Secmportant one,erlap in geogrlevels the humte. This procee typically fumbination of bn place to remor a short timencern and phywledge that lonural resource e

resource dam

RP/PEIS in Jurposes and d“Integrated Htoration of keured by releas2013). The d

to prioritize rt is anticipateformation regmplete and an

nation and NR

RDA

f Washingtonction 1.2). Th, particularly raphic scope. man health aness is describeunded by the Pboth. Remedi

moval and dispe period, re-exsically impacng-term beneexposure to th

mages at ident

June 2013. Thdescribes the EHabitat Restorey habitats thases of hazardo

development oestoration opd that, to the

garding projecn RCDP has b

RDA-related e

n, many remehe distinction since both setRemedial ac

nd ecological ed in CERCLPRPs, the EPAial activities rposal of contaxpose natural

ct habitat. It isefits will be obhe hazardous

tified facilitie

he RP/PEIS wElliott Bay Trration,” whichat together wious substanceof the RP/PEItions for the pextent necess

ct scale and scbeen develope

events is pres

dial efforts habetween remts of activitietions aim to rrisks associatA (42 USC A CERCLA range from draminated matl resources tos an anticipatebtained throusubstances.

12

s in the

was rustees’ h is a ill benefit es in the IS purposes sary, the cope once ed.

sented in

ave medial

s often remove ted with

redging erials in the ed risk

ugh

EXHIBIT 1

YEAR

19

193

195

2C

2018

SourcCoun

1-3 TIM

RE

BA

R S

14-1918 Sstin

1928 Se

39-1945

0s-1960s Mst

1962 H

1980 C

1983 HP

1991

NSereB

1994 N

2000 CH

2001 T

2003 – urrent

Fa

2003 Cth

2006 C1

2007 Lois

2009 Pin

2010 N

2013 TIm

2014

8 - Future T

ces: EPA 1992; ty 2011; EPA 2

MELINE OF S

ESTORATION

AY

ELECTED CONT

hipyards, airpltorage, millingndustries suppo

eattle’s first m

Boeing Plant

Shipyards, sa

Metal working ftorage facilitie

Howard Hanson

CERCLA enacted

Harbor Island, lriorities List.

NRDA settlemeneattle), which estoration siteay. Amended i

NRDA settlemen

City of Seattle aHamm Creek) a

The Lower Duw

ish Consumptiodvisory was alr

City of Seattle ahe 1991 NRDA

City of Seattle a991 NRDA sett

ockheed West,s placed on Nat

reassessment Snitiated.

NRDA settlemen

The Final Lowermpact Stateme

Record of De

Boeing comp

The Lower Duw

Batker 2005; C2014; Boeing 20

SELECTED EV

WITHIN THE

TAMINATION AN

ane and cemeg yards, metal orting World W

municipal airpo

t II supports Wo

alvaging, and m

facilities (inclues were expand

Dam construc

d.

ocated at the

nt with City of provided funds, source contrin 1999.

nt with Pacific

and King Counts a result of th

amish Waterw

on Advisories aready in effect

and King Countsettlement.

and King Countlement.

, located adjactional Prioritie

Screen is relea

nt with Boeing

r Duwamish Rivent is released.

ecision release

pletes two habi

amish River Inj

Consent Decre015; DOJ 2016;

VENTS RELAT

LOWER DUW

ND NRDA EVENT

nt manufacturfabrication, an

War I.

ort opened (Boe

orld War II effo

maintenance co

ding a smelterded and operat

tion completed

mouth of the L

Seattle and Kiding for two sedrol activities, a

Sound Resourc

ty complete twhe 1991 NRDA s

ay is placed on

are put into efft due to sewag

ty complete ha

ty complete ha

cent to Harbor es List.

ased for the Lo

to build two r

ver NRDA Resto.

d for Lower Du

itat restoration

jury Assessmen

e 1991, 1994, ; and EPA 2018

TED TO CONT

WAMISH RIVE

TS CHRONOLOG

ring, food procend equipment m

eing Field).

ort by building

ompanies were

r on Harbor Islating.

d.

Lower Duwami

ing County (fordiment remediand additional

ces/Wyckoff th

wo habitat restsettlement.

n National Prio

fect for the Loge.

abitat restorat

abitat restorat

r Island at the m

ower Duwamish

restoration site

oration Plan an

uwamish Wate

n projects und

nt Plan is deve

1999, 2010; W8a, 2018b, 201

TAMINATION,

ER AND THE

GY

essing, cold, lumanufacturing

g military aircra

e prevalent, su

and) were esta

ish River, is pla

rmerly Municipial activities, c restoration an

hrough bankru

toration projec

orities List.

ower Duwamish

tion at Cecil Mo

tion at Kenco M

mouth of the L

h River. Formal

es on the river.

nd Programma

rway Superfun

der the 2010 NR

eloped.

WA DOH 2005; W8c.

, NRDA, AND

MOUTH OF E

umber, and peg were prevalen

aft.

upporting the U

ablished and pe

aced on the Na

pality of Metropconstruction ofnd remediation

ptcy proceedin

cts (Herrings H

h River. A shell

oses Park as a

Marine as a resu

Lower Duwamis

l NRDA process

.

tic Environmen

d site.

RDA settlemen

Windward 2010

13

D

ELLIOTT

etroleum nt

U.S. Navy.

etroleum

ational

politan f four n in Elliott

ngs.

ouse and

lfish

result of

ult of the

sh River,

s is

ntal

t.

0; King

AlresacqrestakharesNRserbotrutrahaCF

DeBaex§1remsha

1.

Cocothestuaneffinjgaadj

1.

Thonmiremcocoto resap

lso under CERsource trusteequisition of esources (43 Cke into accounzardous substsulting from rRDA process rvices includi

oating trips anustees calculaanslate those dve been lost,

FR §11.15(a)(

espite the diffay Trustees antent practicab1.31(a)(3)) tomedy and to maring).

6 USE OF

onsistent withnducted in a pe Elliott Bay Tudies. As suchy new data coforts. Where ejuries, the Ellps. These stujustments in s

7 COORD

he Elliott Bayngoing remediinimal duplicamedial agencioperative NRnducted assessettle the coo

storation. Thepropriate.

RCLA, NRDAes can determquivalent lost

CFR Part 11). nt the interimtances, as weremedial activis to compen

ing, but not lind lost tribal ste damages thdamages into including tho(1)).

ferent goals annd their remedble in accordao avoid situatimaximize pot

F EXISTING I

h the CERCLAplanned, systeTrustees priorh, the Elliott Bollection, inclexisting data iott Bay Trusdies will be dstudy design b

INATION WIT

y Trustees havial actions to ation of effories at the Site

RDA (43 CFRssment effortsoperating PRPe Elliott Bay T

A is a processmine compensa

t resources orWhen condu

m losses that thll as the releavities. The nansate the publimited to, fore

services, incluhat may be reactions that r

ose resources

nd timeframedial counterp

ance with the ions where natential efficien

NFORMATION

A NRDA reguematic manneritize cost effBay Trusteesluding data codo not allow

stees will impdesigned and ibased on initi

TH OTHER PA

ve and will coconduct the N

rt (43 CFR §1e, the Elliott BR §11.32(a)(2)s with PRPs, Ps’ natural resTrustees will

s separate froation (i.e., resr resource ser

ucting a NRDAhe public has ase of hazardoatural resourceic for ecologiegone or dimiuding culturalecovered throurestore the injinjured or los

es for NRDA arts at the SitCERCLA NRatural resourcncies (e.g., co

N

ulations, whier and at a reafectiveness inwill review e

ollected as pafor the determ

plement studieimplementedial findings.

ARTIES

ontinue to cooNRDA efficie1.31(a)(3)). I

Bay Trustees i) & (d)). For ewith the goalsource damagcontinue thes

om remediatiostoration, replrvices) for injuA, natural resincurred due

ous substancee trustees’ objical losses as inished recreal losses. The nugh the NRDjured resourcest as a result o

and remedialte are coordinRDA regulatices are unneceoordinated sam

ch require thaasonable cost

n planning andexisting data part of remediamination of thes focused on

d in phases to

ordinate NRDently, cost effIn addition to invited Site Pexample, the l of relying onges liability anse cooperative

on by which nlacement, or uries to natur

source trustee to the release

es and physicajective througwell as lost hational fishingnatural resourA process anes and/or servof remedial ac

l activities, thnating efforts ions (43 CFR essarily injurempling and d

at the assessmt (43 CFR §11d implementinprior to under

al and restorathe nature or en filling those

allow for sub

DA activities wfectively, and

working withPRPs to partic

Elliott Bay Tn existing infond implemente efforts as

14

natural

ral es can e of al injuries ghout the human use g and rce d then vices that ctions (43

he Elliott to the

ed by the data

ment be 1.13(c)), ng rtaking tion extent of

data bsequent

with with

h cipate in a Trustees formation t early

1.

ThcoThforof

A As

Otare

Int

Asoptheprode5).(QcoEllmoanad

1.

PuAddodowe

8 COORD

he Elliott Baynsider such p

herefore, the Er review for acomments w

copy of this dssessment, Re

https://d

ther previousle also availab

terested partie

RebeccNOAA7600 SaSeattle,or via e

s the Elliott Bpportunities foe Plan, future ovides a list oscribe the app. However, st

QAPPs) will bllaboration wliott Bay Trusodification to d (e)). The Elvance of thes

8.1 ADMINI

ursuant to 43 Cdministrative ocuments relieocuments. Theebsite: https://

INATION WIT

y Trustees wilparticipation toElliott Bay Tra period of thi

were received;

document is aemediation, an

darrp.noaa.go

ly prepared Tble on this web

es can obtain

ca Hoff Assessment and Point Wa, WA 98115email: rebecca

Bay Trustees mor public parti

restoration pof potential stproaches the Etudy-specific e developed b

with the Elliottstees will detethe Injury As

lliott Bay Truse opportuniti

ISTRATIVE R

CFR §11.91(cRecord for th

ed upon for the Administrat/darrp.noaa.g

TH THE PUBL

l continue to o be an imporrustees made irty days in acresponses to

available for rnd Restoratio

ov/hazardous-

rustee documbsite.

a hard copy o

and Restoratiay NE

a.hoff@noaa.

move forwardicipation. Exa

plans, and protudies and briElliott Bay Trplans and assby the entity ot Bay Trusteeermine whethssessment Pla

ustees will proes.

ECORD

c), the Elliott he Lower Duwhe NRDA as wtive Record isov/hazardous

LIC

actively encortant compona draft of thisccordance witthose comme

review onlineon Program L

-waste/lower-

ments, some o

of this Plan b

ion Division

.gov

d with this NRamples includposed settlemef discussionrustees will fo

sociated Qualor individual

es. These studher individualan subject to povide sufficie

Bay Trusteeswamish Riverwell as this drs available ons-waste/lower

ourage public nent of the NRs Plan (dated th 43 CFR §1ents are inclu

e at the NOAAower Duwam

-duwamish-ri

f which are re

y submitting

RDA, there wde review of sments. For exans of study gofollow in this ity Assuranceconducting th

dy plans will bl studies conspublic comm

ent notificatio

s maintain a pr NRDA, whiraft Plan and

n NOAA’s Lor-duwamish-r

participationRDA process.July 2018) av

11.32(c)(1). Fuded in Appen

A Damage mish Case web

iver

eferenced in t

a written requ

will be additionsignificant chample, this Plals and objecassessment (Ce Project Planhe study in be made publstitute a signif

ment (43 CFR on to the publi

publicly availich includes restoration p

ower Duwamiriver.

15

n and vailable

Five sets ndix A.

bsite:

this Plan,

uest to:

nal hanges to lan tives to Chapter ns

lic and the ficant §11.32(c) ic in

lable

lanning ish River

CH

Thangebionarel

2.

Baan(“tind§1As

ThupEllass

2.

Ththedisvain theRifor(B

HAPTER 2

he focus of a Nd injured by hographic scopological charatural resourcelated contami

1 GEOGR

ased on the ind planned), ththe area or aredirectly by th1.14(c))), and

ssessment Are

The lowe

The mouSound, a

The deltanearshor

he greater Ellipland areas areliott Bay Trussessment prog

2 DESCRI

he Green-Duwe Cascade Moscharges into ry from manathe middle an

e Site (Herrerver, the Howrmer was builatker et al. 20

| NATUR

NRDA is the hazardous subpe within whiacteristics of tes provide, aninants.

APHIC SCOP

ndustrial histohe RP/PEIS, Ceas within whe discharge od a review of ea for the Low

er seven miles

uth of the Duwand

a area near Hare areas adjac

iott Bay, releve not includedstees may expgresses.

IPTION OF T

wamish waterountains downElliott Bay at

aged forest lannd lower reacra 2007). Twoard Hanson dlt in 1962 for 005). The How

RAL RESOU

natural resoubstances and ich that exposthe area inclu

nd confirmatio

E

ry of the LowCERCLA NRhich natural ref oil or releasavailable Site

wer Duwamis

s of the Duwa

wamish River

arbor Island (cent to Harbor

vant tributaried at this time pand the geog

HE ASSESSME

rshed extends nstream to tht Harbor Islannds near the h

ches, to the heo dams exist odam and Taco

flood controlward Hanson

URCES AND

urces and resooil. Thereforesure has likelyuding natural on that resour

wer DuwamisRDA regulatoesources havese of a hazarde data, the Ellsh River as:

amish River,

r and its confl

(i.e., the East r Island; Exhi

es (e.g., Longin order to fo

graphic scope

ENT AREA

from the heae mouth of thnd (Leidos 20headwaters, theavily industron the upper roma Water’s Hl purposes an

n dam interrup

D RESOUR

ource servicese, this Chaptey occurred, thresources, therces have bee

h River, remeory definition e been affectedous substancliott Bay Trus

from bank to

luence with E

and West Waibit 2-1).

gfellow and Hocus the assese of their stud

adwaters of thhe Duwamish014). Land ushrough farm

rialized waterwreach of the GHeadworks di

nd as a drinkinpts the natura

CE SERVIC

s that are expoer describes thhe physical ane types of seren exposed to

edial actions (of an assessm

ed directly or e” (43 CFR stees identifie

bank,

Elliott Bay in P

aterways and

Hamm Creeksssment. Howeies in the futu

he Green Riveh River, whichses adjacent toand residentiaway that char

Green-Duwamiversion dam.ng water suppl sediment flo

16

CES

osed to he nd rvices Site-

(ongoing ment area

ed the

Puget

), and ever, the ure as the

er near h o the river al areas racterizes mish . The ply ow to

EXHIB

docapdabefillmaEaorico

BIT 2-1 MA

ownstream arepacity. The Tm and is useden levied or rled, and devearshes were fiast and West Wiginal sinuousnstruction eff

AP OF ASSES

eas and chronTacoma diversd for municiprevetted for fleloped (Batkerfilled to createWaterways), as shape of theforts resulted

SMENT AREA

nically floods sion dam is 3.al purposes. Blood protectior et al. 2005).

e harbor areasand the devel

e river. The riin a hardened

A

upstream hab.5 miles downBelow this aron and most o. As describeds, Harbor Islanlopment of thiverbed still sed, steepened s

bitat when thenstream fromrea, the Greenof the floodplad in Section 1nd was constr

he shipping cherves as habitshoreline.

e reservoir ream the Howard n-Duwamish Rain has been d1.2, tidal flatsructed (along

hannel eliminatat for organi

17

aches full Hansen River has drained, s and g with the ated the sms, but

HiantribabRiupRiwi(D

Clmi10(Nco

ThseaZofauact(KgroGrliq(e.po

Thfulaulowapna

In focesthavabirdoareCa20ha

istorically, thrd Black Rivebutaries, haveout 65 percenver, joins the

pstream of its ver is consideith the toe typ

Dexter et al. 19

imate in the aild summers (

00 inches, withNOAA 2013).

nditions durin

he delta portioa level rise, vone in particulult zone expertive in prehist

Kayen and Baround motion round movemquefaction of r.g., bridges, b

ositive buoyan

he Lower Duwlfill navigatiothorized naviwer low wateproximately -vigation chan

spite of anthrcus of this Platuarine marshbitat complexriety of specirds, and mam

ominated by ine largely comarex lyngbyei,001, Cordell ebitats is prov

ree major tribrs. Diversione decreased thnt from histor

Green River mouth. Tidalered to be tida

pically situate981).

area is charac(73-80⁰F, dayh 75 percent oAs a result, t

ng the summe

on of the rivervolcanism, andlar runs direcrienced a largtoric times asrnhardt 2007 include the T

ments due to mriver deposits

building foundncy).

wamish Riveronal needs andigational chanr (MLLW) in-56 ft MLLWnnel (Windwa

ropogenic moan). Key comh, intertidal mx; Exhibit 2-2es including p

mmals. Some anvasive and/o

mprised of Car, Distichlis sp

et al. 1999). Aided in Sectio

butaries joineds of these tribhe drainage arric levels (Kerto form the D fluctuations ally influenced approximat

terized by coytime highs). of the precipithe river expeer months.

r offshore of Hd seismicity (tly beneath th

ge earthquakes evidenced byand reference

Tacoma Fault moderate to las, which in turdations) and p

r has been strad accommodannel depth is mn the upper re

W near the mouard 2010).

odifications, tmponents inclumudflat, shallo2; NOAA 201plants, benthiareas are able or weedy planrex sp., Scirpupicata, Juncus

A description oon 2.3.2.

d the Green-Dbutaries, or wrea and flow rwin and NelsDuwamish Riare observed

ed, and is chately seven mi

ol (35-40⁰F, nAnnual rainfaitation occurreriences low f

Harbor Island(Kayen and Bhe Duwamishe event as early uplift, subaes therein). Ato the south a

arge magnitudurn can cause pipelines, and

aightened andate new infrasmaintained beaches, but theuth to -10 ft M

the Site suppoude open wateow subtidal, a3). This aqua

ic invertebrate to support nant species. Forus sp., Salicos balticus, anof the biota th

Duwamish Rivwaterways that

volumes to thson 2000). Oniver approximat this junctio

aracterized as les upstream

nighttime lowfall ranges froing between O

flow and high

d was built onBarnhardt 200h River and doly as 1,000 ye

aqueous landsAdditional regiand the Cascade earthquakeserious dama

d uplift of stor

d dredged ovestructure and etween -30 fee river varies MLLW near t

orts extensiveer (in the rive

and riparian aratic habitat coes, amphibianative vegetatir example, nernia sp., Distd Phragmiteshat utilize Low

ver: the Cedat discharge tohe Duwamishne tributary, t

mately 10.5 mon, so the Dua salt-wedge from the mou

ws), wet wintem 39 to approOctober and A

h temperature

n deposits sha7). The Seattlowntown Seaears ago and wslides, and tsuional sourcesadia megathrues can result inage to infrastrurage tanks (du

er time, in parvessels. The

eet (ft) and -1in depth from

the head of th

e aquatic habiter and estuaryreas (together

omplex suppons and reptileion, while othearshore marstichli sp., Atrips sp. (Battellewer Duwami

18

ar, White, o these h River by the Black

miles uwamish

estuary, uth

ers and oximately April

aped by le Fault

attle. This was

unamis of

ust. n ucture ue to their

rt to

5 ft mean m he

tat (the y), r, aquatic orts a es, fish, hers are shlands iplex sp., e et al. sh River

EXHIBIT 2

2-2 CR

HA

2.

Narelin wiser

2.

Na

Unfolancopro

ROSS SECTIO

ABITAT (NOAA

3 NATURA

atural resourcleased into ththe CERCLA

ithin the Asservices that the

3.1 NATURA

atural resourc

…land, fishother such rotherwise cforeign govrestriction o

nder the CERllowing five gd biological rmplex of the ovided by tho

N OF SHALLO

A 2013) - TH

AL RESOURC

ces have been e Lower Duw

A NRDA reguessment Area.ese resources

L RESOURCE

ces include:

h, wildlife, bioresources bel

controlled by vernment, anyon alienation

RCLA NRDA groups: surfacresources. ThAssessment A

ose resources.

OW SUBTIDA

HE AQUATIC

CES IN THE A

exposed to, awamish River.ulations and g. Section 2.4 dprovide.

S

ota, air, waterlonging to, mathe United St

y Indian tribe,, any member

regulations, nce water (inclis Plan focuseArea, includin. While surfac

AL, MUDFLAT

HABITAT CO

ASSESSMENT

and likely inju. This section

generally descdiscusses the

r, ground watanaged by, hetates . . . any S, or, if such rer of an Indian

natural resourluding sedimees on biologicng both the ecce water, sedi

T, MARSH, AN

MPLEX

AREA

ured by, hazan defines natucribes the biolecological, re

ter, drinking weld in trust byState or localesources are n tribe (43 CF

rces have beeents), groundwcal resources cological andiment, ground

ND RIPARIAN

ardous substanural resources logical resourecreational, a

water suppliey, appertaininl government,subject to a t

FR §11.14(z))

en categorizedwater, air, geoin the aquatic

d human servidwater, air, an

19

nces as stated

rces and tribal

es, and ng to, or , any trust ).

d into the ological, c habitat ices nd

geEllRabio

2.

Biaretha

7 In

8 Ep

ologic resourliott Bay Trusather, this Plaological resou

3.2 B IOLOGI

Biological r101(16) of include marand commespecies. Othother living

ological resoue not limited tat utilize the a

A total ofsamples f(Windwa

Fifty-threWaterway(AECOMLower Duspecies unFederal E

faunal organisms li

pifaunal organisms

rces also havestees do not an incorporateurces consider

CAL RESOUR

resources meCERCLA as frine and fresh

ercial species;her biota encog organisms n

urces exposedto, plants, invaquatic habita

f sixty-one befrom a Lowerard 2010).

The infaunaManayunkiabivalves (e.gMacoma sp.baltica, Myainquinata an

Epifaunal8 ored rock crabmussels, aneimportant fogastropods (Species from(Cordell et a

ee species of fy, such as En

M 2012, Winduwamish Rivnder the Was

Endangered Sp

ive within aquatic

live on the surface

e been exposeanticipate quaes these resoured as part of

RCES

ans those natfish and wildlhwater aquati; and threatenompass shellf

not otherwise

d or potentialvertebrates, reat complex in

enthic inverter Duwamish W

l7 communitya aesturina, Pg., Axinopsida), and oligoch

a arenaria, annd Macoma se

organisms incb, slender craemones, echinood for fish (i(e.g., Alvania m nematoda, tal. 1999, Win

fish were idenglish sole, Pa

dward 2010). Ner or migrate hington Statepecies Act: C

bottom sediment.

e of aquatic bottom

ed to Site-relaantifying distiurces as pathwf the aquatic h

tural resourcelife and otheric and terrestned, endangefish, terrestrialisted in this

lly exposed toeptiles and amn the Assessm

ebrate taxa wWaterway Gro

y consists of pPygospio elega serricata, Phaetes. Commnd Macoma necta (Cordell

clude larger crab, crangon shnoderms, smaincluding amp compacta), aturbellaria, an

ndward 2010,

ntified duringacific staghornNine species through it ar

e Department Chinook salmo

m sediment/substr

ated contamininct injuries to

ways of hazardhabitat compl

es referred tor biota. Fish atrial species; ered, and Statal and aquatidefinition (43

o releases frommphibians, fisment Area. For

were identifieoup benthic c

polychaetes (egans, and CapParvilucina temon clam spenasuta. Less c et al. 1999, W

rustaceans (e.hrimp, and coall crustaceanphipods, ostraand ceratoponnd foraminifeEPA 2013b,

g the RI for thn sculpin, andof fish that ei

re listed as throf Fish and W

on, coho salm

rate.

nants, at this tio these resourdous substancex.

o in section and wildlife game, nonga

te sensitive ic plants, and3 CFR §11.14

m the Site inch, birds, and r example:

d in core and community su

e.g., Hobsonipitella capitataenuisculpta, anecies include Mcommon are MWindward 20

.g., Dungenesoonstripe shrimns that serve aacods, and congonidae fly lera are also prWA DFW 20

he Lower Duwd shiner surfpither reside inreatened or caWildlife or un

mon, Puget So

20

ime the rces. ces to

ame,

d 4(f)).

clude, but mammals

transect urvey

ia florida, a), nd Macoma Macoma 010).

ss crab, mp),

as pepods), larvae. resent 014).

wamish perch n the andidate nder the ound

steelheadand rockfcorridor fbetween l

Over eighduring thethreatenehorned laof conserFWS 200

The obserhighest arvaried haprey spec

d, river lamprefish species (efor salmon smlate April and

hty species ofe RI (AECOMd under the F

ark, and Yellorvation concer08).

rved diversityround Kellogbitats. Each g

cies within the

Shorebirds/wDowitcher, dyellowlegs,

Waterfowl abenthic orgaAmerican wcackling gooeared grebe,loon, red-thrbreasted me

Seabirds ofthave varied plunge divincormorant, m

Raptors, sucin the Elliotttowards theiprey in the ariver.

Many passerriparian areawillow flycayellowthroatoriole). Ofteinsects, whic

ey, bull trout, e.g., brown ro

molts throughod early June (S

f birds that usM 2012, WindFederal Endanow-billed cuckrn, including

y of bird specg Island beca

guild utilizes de Assessment

waders mostlydunlin, great sanderling, an

are often founanisms, althou

wigeon, Barrowose, canvasba, pied-billed groated loon, crganser.

ten nest colonfeeding meth

ng, predation,mew gull, pig

ch as peregrint Bay/Lower ir prey and grair, on land, o

rine bird specas for nestingatcher, yellowt, Western wo

en these birds ch link the fo

Pacific herrinockfish). The out the year, wSimenstad et

se the Lower dward 2010).

ngered Speciekoo, with 11 mthe bald eagl

cies and abundause of its reladifferent behat Area:

y consume inblue heron, gnd spotted sa

nd swimming ugh some do w’s goldeneyack, green-wingrebe, red-neccommon merg

nially, feed onhods (e.g., sur, and scavenggeon guillemo

ne falcon, ospDuwamish R

rabbing it in thor in the water

cies including, overwinterin

w warbler, Wiood-pewee, b rely almost e

ood web at the

ng, Pacific coriver is an imwith peak mial. 1982).

Duwamish R. Three of thees Act: Marblmore species e and peregri

dance of indivative seclusioaviors to targ

nvertebrates pgreen-backed andpiper.

and dive deefeed on land:

ye, common gnged teal, gadcked grebe, wganser, hoode

n fish or aquatrface feeding,ging): Caspianot, and ring-bi

prey and bald River area, usu

heir talons. Rr. Some rapto

g neotropical mng, and durinilson’s warble

black-headed exclusively one aquatic-terre

od, walleye pomportant migr

gration occur

River were ideese species areed murrelet, Slisted as Fed

ine falcon (FW

viduals is ofteon and contiguget different ty

picked out of theron, killdee

ep for fish and American co

goldeneye, budwall, horned

western grebe,ed merganser,

tic invertebra, pursuit divinn tern, doubleilled gull.

eagle, forageually by divin

Raptors can caors also nest a

migrants depng migration (er, common grosbeak, Bun aquatic emeestrial interfa

21

ollock, ratory rring

entified e listed as Streaked

deral birds WS 2016,

en uous, ypes of

the mud: er, lesser

d other oot, ufflehead, d grebe, , Pacific , and red-

ates, and ng, e-crested

for prey ng apture along the

end on (e.g.,

ullock’s ergent

ace, as a

2.

Thorganripres

ThwipomiThactuse

The preseDuwamisexceptionhabitat pr

Several mCaliforniamammalsand ease utilize theOtters typevidence evidence land mamtypically also feed at Terminaquatic pl

The Pugeendangerorcas do nother watexposed tMarine Mbe exposetime in th

4 NATURA

he Assessmenganisms, and aquatic habit

parian, and othsources descr

his aquatic habildlife access ollution controigrating and bhough parts oftivities (e.g., es has stimula

food source rearing youn

ence of amphsh River has nn of a large taresently exists

marine mamma sea lions, has consume fisof capture. The Assessmentpically consumof otters’ exiof their occup

mmals utilizinfound slightlyon fish when

nal 107 and nelants (Windw

et Sound southed species lisnot use the Loters in the Seato Site-related

Mammal Act (ed to Site-relahe Assessmen

AL RESOURC

nt Area is comprocesses. A

tat complex inher estuarine ibed in Sectio

bitat complexto food, wateol, localized mbreeding servif the Assessmarmored riverated restoratio

to support crng.

hibians and rnot been repordpole at Slip s for these spe

mals may occaarbor seals, ansh, invertebrathere are also t Area. Exampme fish, but mstence along pation of Kel

ng the Assessmy west of the

n they are not ear the Upper

ward 2010).

hern resident st and Washinower Duwamattle area (Wid contaminati(16 USC § 13ated contaminnt Area (Wind

CE SERVICES

mprised of intes described inncluding marand shallow w

on 2.3.

x provides phyer, and sheltermicroclimate ices for songb

ment Area havrbanks), an inon projects in

ritical life fun

reptiles in or rted in previo4 (Windwardecies in the A

asionally entend harbor portes, and cephaseveral speciples include rmay also targethe Assessme

llogg Island. Iment Area anAssessment Ascavenging c

r Turning Bas

orca populatington State’s e

mish River, theindward 2010ion. Similarly361, et seq.), unants by consdward 2010).

erconnected an Section 2.2,rsh, mudflat, swater areas, w

hysical structur; and enablesand shading, birds, raptors,ve been modifnterest in impn the Lower D

nctions such a

along the maous wildlife sud 2010). AddiAssessment A

er the Assessmrpoises (Dextalopods depees of semi-aqriver otters, raet clams and ment Area and In addition, th

nd nearby areaArea in forestcarrion. Musksin, and feed

ion segment iendangered sey can be fou

0). As such, thy, harbor sealsuse the Assessuming prey s

and interdepe, the Assessmshallow and dwhich in turn

ure to the Asses services suchand provision

, waterfowl, afied to accom

proving intertiDuwamish Riv

s migration a

ain stem of theurveys, with titionally, limi

Area.

ment Area, inter et al. 1981nding on ava

quatic mammaaccoons, and mussels. Thealso anecdotahere is evidenas. Raccoons ted slopes, bu

krat populatioon aquatic an

is on the Fedepecies list. W

und in Elliott Bhey consume s, protected ussment Area, aspecies that ha

endent structument Area condeep sub-tidalsupport the n

essment Areah as sedimentn of overwintand shorebird

mmodate indusidal habitat anver area inclu

22

and

e the ited

ncluding ). These ilability als that muskrats. re is al nce of are

ut they ons exist nd semi-

eral While

Bay and prey

under the and may ave spent

ures, nsists of l, natural

a; offers t and tering,

ds. strial nd other uding the

creremrecproresdesucpreovaqco20

ToThfuncanCFlimbeforintindser

2.

Tha vpropreanhaanPhorgnunupoma

2.

Peincbe

eation of publmoval of rip-rcolonization oovides structusources in thebris from uplch as the threedators, and s

verwater strucuatic habitat mmunities an

009).

ogether, the cohe CERCLA Nnctions perforn be used as, FR §11.14(nnmited to ecololow. The resor the sustainabterdependencdividual specirvices provide

4.1 ECOLOG

he aquatic habvariety of ecoovides habitaey resources fd riparian arebitat for aquad improve wa

hytoplankton, ganisms and h

utrient cyclingutrients to the opulations andammals.

4.2 RECREAT

eople also utilclude recreatiach play (incl

lic parks. Therap and over-of native wetlure and vegetae Assessment land and ripareatened bull trspawn (NOAActures (e.g., flocomplex and

nd nesting site

omponents ofNRDA regularmed by the r“a metric for

n); 73 Fed. Reogical, recreatources that coble provisione of resourcesies or speciesed by other re

ICAL SERVIC

bitat complexological servict for numeroufor numerouseas provide pratic and terresater clarity byzooplankton,

help to cycle g. For examplAssessment A

d serve as prey

TIONAL USE

lize the Lowerional fishing, luding swimm

ese projects hwater wharf sland plants (Wation that supArea. For ex

rian habitats, wrout and salmA 2013). Manoating or permmay provide

es for birds (e

f a habitat supations define resource inclur measuring reeg. 57,259 at 5tional, and tribomprise and un of those servs within a giv

s group) may esources and

ES

and its assocces. For examus aquatic plas fish, shellfisrotective covestrial biota; aiy promoting s, and benthic nutrients thro

le, post-spawnArea ecosystey for higher t

SERVICES

r Duwamish Rsubsistence f

ming), walkin

ave been impstructures, res

Windward 20pply importanample, becauwhich increas

mon use the han-made constmanent docks points of attae.g., osprey, c

pport both ecoservices as, “

uding the humesource condi57,263-57,26bal services,

utilize the aquvices. Becauseven habitat, imcause cascadithe habitat as

ciated resourcmple, surface wants and animh, avian, and er, feeding, spid in nutrient sedimentationinvertebrates

oughout the hning salmon cem. Fish andtrophic level o

River for recrfishing and shng and hiking

plemented witstoration of n10). The aqua

nt services to tuse streams acses habitat co

abitat to find ptruction, inclus), also influeachment for incliff swallows

ological and h“the physical aman uses of thitions and res

64). Services ieach describe

uatic habitat ce of the interr

mpacts to oneing impacts tos a whole.

ces in the Asswater found in

mals. Sedimentmammalian

pawning/nesticycling; main

n of particulats serve as preyhabitat. Fish acarcasses provamphibians horganisms, su

reational purphellfishing, ka, picnicking,

th objectives natural tidal flatic habitat cothe biologicalccumulate woomplexity, speprey, hide frouding pilings ences the qualnvertebrate

s; Adolfson A

human use seand biologica

hose functionssource restorainclude, but aed in more deomplex are erelatedness ane component (o the natural

essment Arean estuaries ants provide habspecies. Riveing, and nursentain hydrologte matter. y for other aq

also contributevide an influxhelp to controuch as birds an

poses. Activitayaking, boatiand bike ridin

23

such as lows, and omplex l

oody ecies

om and lity of the

Associates

ervices. al s,” which

ation” (43 are not etail ssential nd (e.g., resource

a provide nd rivers bitat and

erbank ery gic flows;

quatic e to x of ol insect nd

ties ing, ng

(WGaDiiderec

DeAsrecAsdimch

2.

NadraEuseaanbaviltheDu

ThanpadepeforcoTr

In petheFein Boto grodeindcoTw

Windward 201ateway Park, iagonal Way) entified (Wincreational acc

espite the indussessment Arecreational visssessment Areminished enjoanges indicat

4.3 TRIBAL S

ative Americaainage, includuropean settleasonal camp sd land mammskets, clothinllage site and e mouth of thuwamish Rive

he river servedd the upper pramount Chiesignated by Gople as well armerly living ntemporary r

ribe.

exchange forople entered ieir fishing, gaederal court dethe Puget Sou

oldt held that 50 percent ofounds (384 Fcision) establdividual treaty-management

wenty years la

10, EPA 2013Herring’s Hoand twenty-s

dward 2010,cess points (E

ustrial nature ea, these recreits foregone dea, and for vioyment due tote a potential

SERVICES

an people occding the Asseers in the 1850sites fished fo

mals; collectedng); and collec

four shell mie river, and uer as early as

d as a travel cportions of theef at the signiGeorge Gibbsas the Suquamon the Blackecognized trib

r ceding their into treaties wathering, and hecisions adjudund area. In UWashington’f the harvesta. Supp. 312 (Wlished geograpy tribes in thet responsibilitater, in subseq

3b). There areouse Park, Duseven sites whEPA 2013b).

EPA 2013b).

of the Site aneational uses due to the presits that are tao the presenceloss in recrea

cupied and useessment Area,0s. Extended or salmon andd plants for focted shellfishiddens) have bupriver, docum

2,000 years a

corridor for nae Duwamish Ring of the Tre of the Treaty

mish people. Dk River and Dubes, including

territory and with the Unitehunting rightdicated tribal United States s Native Ame

able salmon inW.D. Wash. phic usual ane State of Waties of fisheryquent cases un

e several publuwamish Rivehere potential. There are als

nd the fish cocontinue. Ho

esence of hazaaken to the Ae of hazardou

ational use ser

ed natural res, for thousandfamily group

d non-anadromood, medicine

h. Five archaeobeen identifiementing hunteago (Larson 1

ative people tRiver drainageaty of Point Ey Council to rDescendants uwamish Rivg the Muckle

moving to esed States of Ats and providetreaty fishingvs. Washingt

erican treaty tn their respect1974)). This r

nd accustomedashington and y resources w

under United S

ic parks alonger Park, and thl human acceso plans to cr

onsumption adowever, it is liardous substa

Assessment Arus contaminanrvices (NOAA

sources in theds of years prips living in pemous marine e, and technolological sitesed in the Duwer-fisher-gath1995).

traveling betwge. Chief SeatElliott in Janurepresent bandof Duwamish

ver have been shoot Indian

stablished resAmerica that red health careg rights for Trton (1974), Jutribes reservetive usual andruling (knownd fishing areaserved as the

with the State oStates vs. Was

g the river (e.he Duwamishss points have

reate addition

dvisories presikely that ther

ances at the rea, there is pnts. These typA 2013).

e Duwamish Rior to the arriv

ermanent villafish; hunted mlogical uses ( (an ethnogra

wamish River herer use of th

ween marine wttle was appoiuary 1855. Seds of Duwamh family group

incorporatedTribe and Su

servations, Indreserved and pe and educatioribes includin

udge George Hed the right tod accustomedn as the Bold

as (“U&A”) foe basis for theof Washingtoshington (199

24

.g., h e been al

sent at the re are

otentially pes of

River val of ages and marine (e.g., aphic drainage,

he

waters inted the

eattle was mish

ps d into uquamish

dian protected on. Two ng those Hugo

o take up d fishing t

for e Tribes’ on. 94), the

UnrigDuTrtrib

DenaforbuDumibymaadare

Andrathesalsubad(MAs

SeCoseaareprothenaan

In dosit20

9 Pr

at

nited States dght extended tungeness crabustees (the Mbes who have

espite the indutural resourcer subsistence,

ut are not limiuwamish Riveigratory corrid

y Tribes and thanagement ofdition, varioue utilized for

ncestors of thainage, and ree Duwamish Rltwater-orientbsistence adadition to the h

Miller 1999). ssessment Are

eafood is an inonsumption Safood (Suquae places wheroportion of Sue general poptional averagd bivalves.

addition, a vaocumented wites, base camp013).

rovides information

t: http://www.dnr

istrict Court fto finfish otheb (873 F.Supp

Muckleshoot Ine adjudicated

ustrialization es from the D, ceremonial, ted to salmoner area includdor for hatchehe State of Wf net pen operus parks alongcultural outin

e present dayelied upon theRiver and adjted people wh

aptation requirharvesting of Historical recea and that us

ntegral part ofurvey reporte

amish Tribe 20re seafood wauquamish andulation and oe). For this in

ariety of cultuthin the Asseps, and specia

n regarding the Raf

.wa.gov/programs

for the Westeer than salmop. 1422 W.D. ndian Tribe aU&A in the A

of the AssessDuwamish Riv

cultural, and n, other finfishding the Assesery-raised sal

Washington. Thrations in Elliog the Lower Dngs and gather

y Muckleshooe harvest of fijacent portionhose homelanred extensive

f local foods frcords documese has continu

f the Tribal Ted that 100 pe000). Cerem

as typically cod Muckleshoother tribal po

njury assessm

urally importassment Area,

alized fishing

feedie decision. Al

-and-services/aqua

ern District ofn, and to shelWash. 1994)

and the SuquaAssessment A

sment Area, Tver and other commercial th, and shellfisssment Area.lmon as part ohe Tribal Truott Bay tied t

Duwamish Rirings.

ot Tribe residefish and other ns of Elliot Band significantle travel to collfrom shelteredent Tribal Truued to the pre

Trustees’ diet ercent of Suqu

monies, social onsumed. Fishot communitypulations (tw

ment, the term

ant archaeolo, including rem, hunting, and

lso referred to on t

atics/shellfish.

f Washington llfish, includi)9; OCNMS IPamish Tribe) aArea.

Tribal Trusteeportions of thtribal uses. Thsh such as craThe Duwami

of salmon co-ustees are invoo these hatchver, such as H

ed throughoutresources ava

ay. The Suqualy “lacked anylect supplies nd bays and locustees use of nesent.

and culture. Auamish tribal gatherings, anh and shellfisy members’ d

wo to five time“shellfish” ap

ogical resourcmnants of resd plant collec

the WA Departmen

held that the ing oysters, clPC 2008). Thare the only tr

es continue tohe Assessmenhese resourceab and shrimpish River is a-managementolved in the

hery operationHerring’s Hou

t the Duwamiailable to themamish Tribe iy major riverneeded for wical small strenatural resour

A published Smembers con

nd communitsh comprise a diets, as compes higher thanpplies to crab

es have beensidential or viting sites (NO

nt of Natural Resou

25

treaty lams, and he Tribal reaty

o harvest nt Area es include p, in the also a t efforts

ns. In use Park,

ish River m from is a rs, so their inter, in ams” rces in the

Seafood nsumed ty events higher

pared to n the b, shrimp,

illage OAA

urces website

2.

CoresTrtharesPreAscoanreccotemcoAsto Durep44EPdaare

10 In

5 CONFIR

onsistent withsources have rustees’ decisiat report meassources, confieassessment Sssessment Arentaminant cod Reporting dcords from thllected withinmporal coverantaminants. Fssessment Are3,900 μg/kg w

uwamish Watported for PC

4,000 μg/kg anPA 2014). Aftta to confirm e associated w

n this case a Type

RMATION OF

h 43 CFR §11been exposedion to implemsured concent

firming exposuScreen summea (NOAA 20ncentration andatabase (DIV

housands of sun the Lower Dage, these datFor example, ea were higheww in Englisterway Group

CBs (up to 223nd 85,000 μg/ter review ofthat contamin

with Site-relat

B assessment as de

EXPOSURE

.31(c)(1) andd to hazardoument a formal trations of coure of those r

marizes contam009). NOAA nd toxicity da

VER); https://urface water, Duwamish Rivta also confirmaverage PCBest in Englishh sole and 45

p 2007). Cont3,000 μg/kg), /kg respectiveavailable datanant pathwayted contamina

escribed in Section

d §11.37, this us substances,

assessment10

ontaminants inresources to Sminant levels also maintainata (Data Inte/www.diver.osediment, benver. Reflectinm exposure o

B concentratioh sole and shin57 to 4,300 μgtaminants con low and highely), and tribua, the Elliott B

ys are compleation.

n 1.4.1.

Plan documethereby supp

0. There are a n AssessmentSite-related coin sediment a

ns an environmegration Visuaorr.noaa.gov/)nthic invertebng a wide ranof natural resoons in whole-bner surfperch g/kg in shinerncentrations inh molecular wuytl tin (TBTBay Trustees

ete and that ad

ents that naturporting the Elnumber of so

t Area naturalontaminants. Tand fish withimental databaalization Exp), which contabrate, and fishge of spatial a

ources to Site-body fish in th(ranging from

r surfperch) (Ln sediment wweight PAHs ) (up to 3,000 may collect a

dverse effects

26

ral liott Bay

ources l The in the ase with loration ains h samples and -related he m 1,000 Lower ere (up to

0 mg/kg; additional

s on biota

CH

ThsyreganuseadforEllenreslos

ThEllto anrem

3.

Thhasubbememacodioph

In Trcoincin cohuan

HAPTER 3

he CERCLA Nstematic mangulations, thed pathways oe of existing idressing thosr subsequent liott Bay Trussure that the mstoration will st.

his Chapter idliott Bay Trusreach naturald their humanmediation.

1 HAZAR

his NRDA wilzardous substbstances have found in sedetals (e.g., aluanganese, mempounds (e.goxins/furans,

hthalates), and

order to condrustees plan tontaminants ofclude PAHs, Psediments thrntrast, EPA s

uman exposurd dioxins/fura

| APPRO

NRDA regulanner and at a r Elliott Bay T

on which to foinformation, i

se data gaps. Sadjustments istees will conmetrics used provide resou

dentifies the hstees plan to fl resources, apn uses, as wel

DOUS SUBST

ll focus on ditances as defie been and coiments, and/o

uminum, arsenrcury, molyb

g., aldrin, dichPAHs, PCBs

d petroleum p

duct this NRDo select a subsf concern (COPCBs, and TBroughout the

selected contae pathways raans (EPA 201

OACH FOR

ations requirereasonable coTrustees identocus assessmeidentify data Studies will bin study designsider the relato assess eachurces of a typ

hazardous subfocus this asspproaches forll as how the

TANCES

rect and indirined in sectionontinue to be ror the Lower Dnic, barium, cdenum, nickehloro-diphenys, pentachlororoducts (Win

DA efficientlyset of these coOCs) warrantiBT due to theAssessment A

aminants on wather than risk14). The resul

INJURY D

e that the assest (43 CFR §tified a set of ent efforts. Thgaps, and eva

be designed angn based on inationship betwh of these compe and quality

bstances and nsessment, discr injury determElliott Bay T

rect injuries sn 101(14) of released to thDuwamish Rcadmium, chrel, silver, thalyl-trichloroethophenol, tribundward 2010,

y and at a reasontaminants oing immediat

eir elevated coArea, and conwhich to focusk to ecologicalts of ecologic

DETERMINA

essment be co11.13(c)). Co

f contaminantshis assessmenaluate potentind implementnitial findingsween injury anmponents are y that are cons

natural resourcusses pathwamination for b

Trustees will e

stemming fromCERCLA. M

he AssessmentRiver food webromium, coppllium, vanadiuhane [DDT],

utyl tin (TBT)EPA 2013a,

sonable cost, on which to fte action by thoncentrationsnnection to ins remedial anal receptors: Pcal, recreation

ATION

nducted in a ponsistent withs, natural resont will emphaial methods foted in phases s. In addition,nd restorationcomparable a

sistent with w

rces on whichays for contambiological resevaluate impa

m exposure toMany hazardou

t Area, and cob. These incluper, iron, leadum, zinc), orgdieldrin, , toxaphene, ab).

the Elliott Bafocus. At this he Elliott Bay, widespread

ndustrial sourcnalyses based PCBs, PAHs,nal, or tribal u

27

planned, h the ources, asize the or to allow

, the n to and that

what was

h the minants sources acts of

o released us ontinue to ude d, ganic

and

ay time, the

y Trustees presence

ces. In on

, arsenic, use injury

stucopareq

3.

Foaqshahaincto utiser

Thorginvdwof represElluti

3.

Dedoposubcaspa

3.

AnfroPa

ThDu(N

udies may indntaminants. Tthway and othquired by the

2 NATURA

or this NRDAuatic habitat allow and deebitat complexcluding surfacthe condition

ilize a habitatrvices and bio

he Elliott Bayganisms mostvertebrates (e

welling fish (ethe aquatic e

presentative osources of parliott Bay Trusilize the Asse

3 INJURY

etermining injocumentation oint of releasebstance (43 Cse, biologicalthways and in

3.1 PATHWAY

n important stom a known rathway is defi

The route otransportedCFR §11.14

he Elliott Bayuwamish Rive

NOAA 2009).

dicate connectThese additionher studies neNRDA regul

AL RESOURC

A, the Elliott Bcomplex withep subtidal, anx is comprisedce water, groun of individuat reflect the seological resou

y Trustees are tly likely to u

e.g., amphipode.g., English scosystem, hav

of impacts to trticular signifstees are also ssment Area

Y DETERMINA

jury to naturathat: (1) there to a point at

CFR §11.61(cl resources) hnjury categori

Y

tep in determirelease of a haned as:

or medium thrd from the sou4(dd)).

y Trustees deteer to be expos

tions betweennal contaminaecessary to colations.

CES

Bay Trustees ahin the Assessnd riparian ard of a combinundwater, sed

al organisms oervices providurces are linke

initially focuuse the aquaticds, midges, ansole) and Chinve been expothe habitat wificance to botevaluating poto determine

ATION

al resources une is a pathwaywhich natura

c)(3)) and (2) as occurred, aies are describ

ining injury toazardous subs

rough which ource of the dis

ermined that psed to contam

n injuries and ants of conceonnect release

are prioritizinsment Area (ireas). As descnation of interdiment, soils, or the health aded by that haed, and impac

using their assc habitat comnd shellfish), nook salmon.

osed to Site-reithin the Asseth the generalotential injuriif additional

nder the CERy for the releaal resources arinjury of a naas defined in bed below.

o natural resostance to expo

oil or a hazarscharge or re

pathways eximinants releas

d additional sirn would thenes, exposure,

ng the assessmincluding estucribed in Sectrdependent naand biologica

and survival oabitat as a whcts to one wil

sessment of Cmplex, includin

forage fish (e. These resourelated contamessment Areal public and tries to birds anassessment is

RCLA NRDAased hazardoure exposed toatural resourc43 CFR §11.

ources is to esosure of a nat

rdous substanelease to the in

ist for resourcsed from Site-

te-related n be includedand injuries a

ment of impacuarine marsh,tion 2.4, the aatural resourcal resources. of population

hole. Thus, hall influence th

COC-related ing benthic e.g., sculpin),rces are key e

minants, are a, and may alsribal membernd mammals s warranted.

A regulations rus substance f

o the released ce of interest (62. Exposure

stablish a pathtural resource

nce is or was njured resour

ces in the Low-related opera

28

d in as

cts to the , mudflat, aquatic ces, Changes s that

abitat he other.

njury on

, bottom-elements

so be s. The that

requires from the

(in this e

hway e.

rce (43

wer ations

Thactto cofabmetraCSev

HaincgroallonbeprePAmeco

WAsfocressomavsysumrecspiarecocanseecocoanexBa

he Assessmentivities along the Site (e.g.,ntamination ibrication planetal working fansport terminSOs and storments (NOAA

azardous subscluding but nooundwater (Elowed for diren upland propeen released deservatives fr

AHs, and TBTetalworking opper, cadmiu

hile a varietyssessment Arecusing on sedsources to conme Site-relateailable informstems and spemmarizes theceptors, and eills, storage, aeas and grounntaminant hon then enter teps, or subaquntaminants alntributions frd sediment inposed to and

ay Trustees m

nt Area has reits banks and, from upstreainclude shipynts, food procfacilities, macnals, motor vem drains also 2009).

stance releaseot limited to s

Ecology 2015,ect discharge erties without

due to these acrom lumber faT), petroleumoperations (PCum, nickel).

y of mechanismea to hazardo

diment and biontaminants. Fed contaminamation regardecific to the Ae Elliott Bay Tendpoints of iand historic dndwater (e.g., olding ponds, he Lower Duueous pore wlong sub-surfrom the other n the Lower Doften accumu

may identify ad

ceived and cod navigation wam or global/ards, tank faressing, cold schine shops, mehicle and matransport haz

es occurred thspills, storm w, NOAA 2009to the Lower t sufficient coctivities incluacilities, pilin

m and its byproCBs, sodium b

ms exist that us contaminaological pathw

Food web tranants to biomagding contaminAssessment ATrustees’ currnjury for the

disposal activithrough infiland surface a

uwamish Rivewater pathwayface channels

pathways (soDuwamish Waulate these codditional path

ontinues to rewithin the wa/regional air prms, lumber sstorage, constmetal recyclearine vessel mzardous substa

hrough permitwater runoff, 9, Ecology 20r Duwamish Rontainment. Hude, but are nongs, and docksoducts (PAHsborate, acids,

have exposedants, at this timways. Direct

nsfer is also imgnify (e.g., PCnant fate and tArea. The concrent focus on Lower Duwaities can direcltration from uactivities). Coer through stoys. Direct disc

or through Coil, groundwaaterway (EPA

ontaminants. Ahways of conc

eceive contamaterway, as wepollution). Cotorage and mtruction and cers, chemical mmaintenance, aances to the ri

tted and non-pand discharg

007). HistoricRiver as well Hazardous subot limited to, s (e.g., sulfates), and manuf, cyanide, zin

d natural resome, the Elliotcontact with

mportant due CBs). There itransport, botceptual site mspecific path

amish River Nctly contaminunderground

ontaminated sormwater trancharge, spills, CSOs or stormater) can contaA 2014). NatuAs the NRDAcern.

minants from iell as sources ommon source

milling yards, mcement compamanufacturinand aviation fiver during la

permitted disce of contamin

cal industrial pas disposal of

bstances that mcreosote and e salts, coppefacturing and

nc salts, chrom

ources in the tt Bay Trusteesediment mayto the potenti

is an extensivth generally inmodel in Exhibhways, biologiNRDA. For exnate soils in up

storage tanksoils and grou

nsport, abovegtransport of u

m drains, and aminate surfaural resourcesA proceeds, th

29

industrial external

es of metal anies, ng, cargo facilities. arge storm

charges, nated practices f waste may have

r, zinc,

mium,

es are y expose ial of

ve body of n aquatic bit 3-1 ical xample, pland s, undwater ground upland

ace water s are then he Elliott

EXHIBIT 3-1

CONCEPTUALL S ITE MODEL

30

3.

Fopaocto anfisco

ThexTrto ex§1

3.

Rebahauninvunregtheinj

3.2 INJURY T

ollowing confthway, the Elcurred. In thibiological resd tribal servic

sh, wildlife, anntaminants:

1) “Causeof the foabnormmalfuncTo detemetricsexamplreductiothat res

2) “ExceedirectivFish coto PCBregulatisalmonadvisorbecome

he Elliott Baytent possible,

rustees will coaddress data pected to sati1.14(ee).

3.3 INJURY

emedial actionseline conditizardous subst

nacceptable risvolve dredgin

navoidable, adgulations (43 e extent to whjuries and inju

TO NATURAL

firmation of exlliott Bay Trus case, the Elsources usingces they provnd other orga

e[s] the biologfollowing advemalities, cancections in reprermine wheths that are relevle, Assessmenon in survival

source under t

ed[s] levels foves to limit oronsumption ad

s (WA DOH ions. Crab, sh

nids have a wery due to merce pregnant, nu

y Trustees wil, including to onsider a phasgaps in the as

isfy the defini

CAUSED BY R

ns often do noions (i.e., the tance not occsks to human

ng and other pdditional injurCFR § 11.15

hich remediaturies resulting

L RESOURCES

xposure to haustees will evaliott Bay Tru

g the aquatic hide. As define

anisms. Injury

gical resourcerse changes er, genetic muroduction), orer injury has vant for a parnt Area-specifl or reproductthe CERCLA

or which an apr ban consumpdvisories are i2018), which

hellfish, and reekly meal limcury, which isursing mother

l prioritize usestablish met

sed approach ssessment. Thition and stan

REMEDIAL AC

ot fully returnconditions thurred) becaus

n health and thphysical alterary that is com(a)(1)). The E

tion affects nag from residu

S

azardous subsaluate whethe

ustees are spechabitat compled in Section

y has occurred

ce or its offsprin viability: d

utations, physr physical defoccurred, the

rticular ecosysfic toxicity tetion of a resou

A NRDA regu

ppropriate Stption of such in place alongh constitute anresident fish hmit. Additions especially imrs, and young

se of existing trics of injuryfor developin

hese are cost ndard of reaso

CTIONS

n natural resohat would havse remedial ache environmeations of the e

mpensable undElliott Bay Tratural resourc

ual contamina

stances and deer injury to nacifically focuslex, including2.3, biologic

d if exposure

ring to have udeath, diseasesiological maformations” (e Elliott Bay Tstem, habitat,

ests could indiurce, which c

ulations.

tate health agorganism” (4

g the Lower Dn injury undehave a “do noally, there is amportant for

g children (WA

data and infoy. Additionallng studies or effective strat

onable cost de

urces and/or ve existed hadctions are des

ent. Further, reenvironment,der the CERCrustees will idces by assessination througho

etermination atural resourcsed on assess

g the recreatiocal resources ito Site-relate

undergone at e, behavioral

alfunctions (in43 CFR §11.

Trustees will , or resource. icate a signifi

constitutes an

gency has issu43 CFR §11.6Duwamish Rier the CERCLot eat” advisora statewide fiwomen who A DOH 2018

ormation to thly, the Elliott analyses, as ntegies that are

escribed in 43

lost services td the release osigned to manemedial actio may also res

CLA NRDA dentify and qung both physiout the docum

31

of es has ing injury

onal use include d

least one l ncluding 62(f)(i)). focus on For icant injury to

ued 62(f)(iii)). iver due

LA NRDA ry, while ish might

8).

he fullest Bay

necessary, e

3 CFR

to of the nage ons that sult in

uantify ical

mented or

exdobeco

BesevwiTreffnawirevwi

3.

Cubestuin idebeArlim

AsancoTr

11 In

pr

pected timefrocuments, wheen completedndition and le

ecause in this veral operableill use this infrustees will alforts. This witural resourceith the remedyviewed for apill also be rev

4 SUMMA

urrently availaen exposed to

udies and analthe context o

entified speci the focus of rea. Studies wmited to:

Compre

Documepoint at

Documeinjury, in

Determiresource

s part of the ind analyses nenditions but f

rustees are fur

nterested PRPs mu

roject to be eligible

rame of recoven available,

d, or that reasoevel of contam

case EPA hae units withinformation to iso look for opll both increaes within the Ay and proposepproval by theiewed by the

ARY OF INJUR

able data demo and injured lyses conduct

of settlement, fic categoriesNRDA studie

will build on e

hensive revie

entation of thewhich biota a

entation of thencluding thro

ination of the es.

njury determiecessary to furfor the contamrther discusse

st obtain the appro

e to receive credit

very. This evaincluding doconably estimamination; 43 C

as already issun the assessmedentify potenpportunities t

ase efficiencieAssessment Aed as compene Elliott Bay Tpublic as par

RY DETERMIN

monstrate that by the releasted as part of other scientif

s of injury andes to refine thexisting inform

ew of existing

e pathways frare exposed to

e exposure ofough sample c

type and exte

ination procesrther characte

mination; Sected in Chapter

oval of the Elliott B

t against potential

aluation will bcuments that ate the result CFR § 11.15(

ued Records oent area (Sect

ntial remediatto coordinate es (i.e., cost aArea. Restoransation for natTrustees befort of restoratio

NATION

natural resoue of Site-relat

f the remedial fic research). d correspondi

he determinatimation, and p

g exposure an

rom the Site-ro those conta

f natural resoucollection and

ent of the pub

ss, study efforerize baselinetion 4.5). Stu5.

Bay Trustees prior

liability.

be based on adescribe wheof the remedy(a)(1)).

of Decision fotion 1.2), the ion-related imremedial acti

and time) as wation work contural resource

ore compensaton planning.11

urces in the Ated hazardousinvestigationThe Elliott Bing habitat anion of injury

potentially inc

nd effects data

related sourceaminants;

urces to COCd analysis and

blic’s use of A

rts will include conditions (iudies proposed

to project implem

a review of remere remediatioy (i.e., habitat

or remedial acElliott Bay T

mpacts. The Eions and resto

well as benefitnducted in coe injuries willtion is accept1

Assessment Ars substances (

n, analyses coBay Trustees hnd resources tin the Assess

clude, but are

a;

e(s) of the CO

Cs and correspd laboratory te

Assessment A

de the data coi.e., natural red by the Ellio

mentation in order

32

medial on has t

ctions for Trustees Elliott Bay oration t the onjunction l be ted, and

rea have (e.g.,

ompleted have that will ment not

OCs to the

ponding ests;

Area

ollection esource ott Bay

for the

CHDE

OnCE

Thinjthaantim

Anis ge§1injauwinaestcoat nacoTr

OncobetheCETrCFcas

HAPTER 4 ETERMINAT

nce the ElliottERCLA NRD

the authorizfor which dthe reductioservices…p

he purpose of juries and lostat will adequad lost service

me, utilizing m

n important pa determinatiographical ar1.14(gg), “mjured resourcethorized officill consider fatural attenuattimating the rntaminants inthis time the tural resourcenditions. Oth

rustees will re

nce injury is qmpensate the measured as e lost value asERCLA NRDrustees producFR §11.81). Tse the Elliott

| INJURTION

t Bay TrusteeDA regulation

zed official shdamages will bon from the baprovided by th

f the injury qut services, andately and appres. The Elliottmetrics and un

arameter in thon of the reco

rea (43 CFR §eans either the to their basecial and documactors such as tion, and specrecovery perion the AssessmElliott Bay Tes and resourc

her natural resefine these est

quantified, thee public for lo

the cost to ressociated with

DA regulationce their analy

The RCDP canBay Trustees

RY QUANTI

es determine ts state that:

hall quantify fbe sought, theaseline condi

he injured res

uantification sd to allow forropriately comt Bay Trusteenits that depe

he injury quanovery period §11.31(a)(2)).he longest leneline conditiomented in theproposed or

cies’ habitat uod in the Asse

ment Area (e.gTrustees anticice services inource servicetimates based

e Elliott Bay sses to natura

estore, replaceh the reductios require thatsis of approprn be includeds have decided

FICATION

that injury to

for each resoe effect of theition in the qusource (43 CF

step is to definr selection anmpensate the s intend to qu

end on the par

ntification, pefor the resour. Recovery pe

ngth of time reon, or a lesser e Assessment implemented

use and sensitiessment Areag., chemicals ipate that it wn the Assessmes may never d on the result

Trustees willal resources ae, or acquire ton in resourcet during the dariate alternati

d in the Injuryd to gather m

AND DAMA

a natural reso

urce determine discharge oruantity and quFR §11.70(a)(

ne the scope ond scaling of r

public for thouantify and varticular charac

er the CERCLrces within theriod, as definequired to retuperiod of timPlan.” The E

d remedial andivity to conta

a. Due to the nwith bioaccu

will take manyment Area to r

return to basets of relevant

l determine thand resource sthe equivalene services (43amage determives for restory Assessment

more data and

AGE

ource has occu

ned to be injur release in teuality of (1)).

of natural resorestoration proose injured realue injuries tcteristics of th

LA NRDA rehe relevant ned in 43 CFRurn the servic

me selected byElliott Bay Trud restoration aaminants whennature of the

umulative propy decades for each baselineeline. The Ellassessment st

he damages reservices. Damnt of lost resou CFR §11.80

mination phasration in the RPlan; howeveanalysis regar

33

urred, the

ured and erms of

ource ojects esources through he injury.

gulations,

R ces of the y the ustees activities, n

perties), some

e liott Bay tudies.

equired to mages can urces, or ). The

se, the RCDP (43 er, in this rding the

exphinjBacoammecauEllco11RC

Ecof to intim

Th

4.

AP

CoquAs(e.ha

tent of injuriehase. Consequjury determinay Trustees demment. (43 C

mount of compethodologies uused by the reliott Bay Trusnsistent with .83). The met

CDP will vary

cological: Expresources andthe aquatic h

terest associatmplementing s

Recreatioadvisoriequality, pElliott Bainformantmethods fTrustees mthe cost ouse value

Tribal loprovided communiassessmendeterminascale of lo

hese anticipate

1 ECOLO

PPROACH

onsistent withuantifying injussessment Are.g., physical dzardous subst

es to natural ruently, develonation and quaevelop a draftCFR §11.81(dpensation reqused by the Eelease of hazastees' rationalthe criteria cothodologies idy by resource

posure to cond resource serabitat completed with the h

sufficient habi

onal (humans can cause ad

public access, ay Trustees wts and focus gfor quantifyinmay base dam

of implementie created is eq

ost services: Tby natural re

ities due to cont. The Elliotation of tribalosses is availa

ed approache

GICAL INJUR

h the CERCLAury to natural ea. Ecologicadisturbance astances and oil

resources befoopment of theantification pht RCDP, the dd)(2)). The RCquired and ideElliott Bay Truardous substale for selectioontained in thdentified for rcategory, and

ntamination carvices. The Eex based on thhabitat, and witat restoratio

n use): Contamdverse changor recreation

will rely on exigroups with reng recreationamages either oing sufficient quivalent to th

The Elliott Basources and c

ontamination tt Bay Trusteel-related damaable.

s are discusse

RY QUANTIFI

A NRDA reguresources tha

al losses may s a result of col on natural re

ore proceedinRCDP will t

hases (43 CFRdraft will be rCDP will proventify the costustees to dete

ances or oil. Ton of those idehe CERCLA Nrestoration and are describe

an cause toxicElliott Bay Truhe results of e

will determineon to generate

mination and ges to availablnal demand. Tisting informecreationists,al losses due ton the lost varestoration su

he value lost.

ay Trustees wcorrespondingof Assessmenes will evaluaages when m

ed in greater d

CATION AND

ulations, the Eat utilize the aresult from thontaminant-reesources, incl

ng to the damatake place afteR §11.81(d)(released for pvide informatt estimating aermine the comThe RCDP wientified methNRDA reguland damages ded in further d

c effects on bustees anticipecological stue damages as te resources eq

associated file services in

To assess the smation and inte

and may impto contaminat

alue of recreatuch that the a

will quantify thg impacts to Tnt Area resouate methods to

more informati

detail in the s

D DAMAGE DE

Elliott Bay Taquatic habitahe direct (e.g.elated remediluding biolog

age determinaer completion1)). Once the ublic review tion concernin

and valuation mpensable loill also provid

hodologies in ations (43 CF

determination detail below:

biota, resultingpate quantifyinudies of speciethe cost of

quivalent to th

sh consumptiterms of recr

scope of losseerviews with plement survetion. The Ellitional use servamount of rec

he change in Tribal Trusteeurces through o refine their ion on the typ

sections below

ETERMINATIO

rustees anticiat complex w., toxic) or indial actions) ef

gical organism

34

ation n of the

Elliott and ng the

osses de the a manner

FR § in the

g in a loss ng losses es of

hose lost.

ion reational es, the key ey-based iott Bay vices or reational

services e a cultural

pes and

w.

ON

ipate ithin the direct ffects of

ms. The

EllCEco

Thha(SemegroocdedespecoStucolabobpa

Tohaneof AlbefisresfrobyBaprowiassas

liott Bay TrusERCLA NRDmpensate for

he Assessmenbitat health, vections 2.3 anetrics to assesowth or survicurred in the veloped undescribed in Checies and metmbination as udies will incntaminants anboratory studibservations onthways (Exhi

o determine thbitat complexeded to generhabitat restor

lternative in th quantified us

sh per area ovstoration. Becom the same hy the species ray Trustees wocess, as requill require the sociated with the cost to im

stees will direDA regulation

natural resou

nt Area’s aquaviability, and nd 2.4). For ess the degree oval), and willpast and/or is

er the remedyhapter 5, will tric over timeindependent

clude field-band assess the ies to confirmn relevant endibit 4-1).

he damages rex, the Elliott Brate in the futration projecthe RP/PEIS (sing the same

ver time). Thiscause many ohabitat type, trequiring the l

will ensure thauired in the CE

evaluation ofan indicator

mplement that

ectly apply, os (43 CFR §1

urce service lo

atic habitat cosustainabilityach species, tof contaminal identify the s expected to

y and related egenerate data

e. The Elliott Bindicators of sed efforts (etype and mag

m that Site-reldpoints, and st

equired to comBay Trustees ture an equivats (consistent (NOAA 2013e metrics as ths comparison f the potentiathe total quanlargest area o

at there is no “ERCLA reguf whether restspecies requit restoration.

or first modify11.83(c)(2)) toosses.

omplex suppoy and are of spthe Elliott Bay

ant-related injuarea of habitaoccur in the f

efforts), in coma appropriate Bay Trustees

f the losses to .g., to confirmgnitude of injated contamintudies to veri

mpensate for intend to calc

alent quantitywith the Integ)) to each of t

hose used to q will inform t

ally injured inntity of requireof restoration “double-counulations (43 Ctoration will airing less resto

y the methodso scale restora

orts key specipecific concey Trustees wiury (e.g., percat over whichfuture. Existinmbination wifor quantifyin

s will considerthe aquatic h

m exposure toury resulting nants cause thfy the comple

ecological injculate the qua

y of the injuregrated Habitathe indicator quantify injurthe scale of re

ndicator specieed restorationof the ideal h

nting” of losseCFR §11.83(c)

also fully comoration. Dam

s identified ination projects

es that are essern for this assill identify apcent reduction

h the injury hang data (e.g., ith the studiesng losses for er each species

habitat compleo Site-related from that exp

he field-basedeteness of con

njuries to the aantity of habitd species. Th

at Restorationspecies over t

ry (e.g., produequired compes utilize or bn will be deterhabitat type. Tes in the quan)(2)). This apmpensate for t

mages will be c

35

n the s to

sential to sessment

ppropriate n in as

s each s/metric ex.

posure), d ntaminant

aquatic tat

he benefits n time will

uctivity of pensatory benefit rmined

The Elliott ntification proach the losses calculated

EXHIB

BIT 4-1 EX

SP

4.

AP

ThReof Kaan

XAMPLE INJU

ECIES)

2 RECREA

PPROACH

here is a broadecreational ushazardous su

ayaking, boatid around the

RY QUANTIF

ATIONAL USE

d range of serse loss is a comubstances for wing, fishing, aAssessment A

FICATION FO

E INJURY QU

rvices that hummmon categowhich naturaand beach useArea. While p

R HABITAT Q

ANTIFICATIO

mans derive fory of human al resource true are commonpublic access

QUALITY IND

ON AND DAM

from natural ruse losses as

ustees typicalln activities this generally r

ICATORS (BY

AGE DETERM

resources. sociated withly seek compeat people partrestricted alon

36

Y

MINATION

h releases ensation. ticipate in ng the

baplach

CoforbuBarectheDu

UnsubaccassphresinfrecfeetheevstuCE§1

4.

Tror resserthoTrexcores

ExTr

nks of the rivans to create maracterized by

ontamination rgo visits due

ut the visit maay Trustees’ pcreational usee Assessmentuwamish Rive

nder the CERbstances causcess, or recresess the magn

hased approacsults of the prformation. Pacreationists, fedback regarde results of Paaluation of re

udy of recreatERCLA NRD1.83), or com

3 TRIBAL

ribal loss refermembers of T

storation actiorvices tribal mose changes, trustee commuample, the cullection, and/storation actio

xamples of merustee commu

Assessmchangesresulting

ver due to privmore (EPA 20y salmon fish

may affect ree to the presenay have a dimpreliminary ine losses have t Area (e.g., cer for over 15

RCLA NRDA ses changes toation demandnitude of this ch, with the screvious phaseart 2 will invofor which the ding recreatioarts 1 and 2, tecreational lostional activity

DA regulationmplete a benef

L LOSS QUAN

rs to a loss in Tribal Trusteons may be nemembers derivthe Elliott Ba

unities separatultural signific/or use may dions may be re

ethods whichunities in the c

ent of change in levels of tg from shifts i

vate industria013b). Curren

hing, although

ecreationists ince of hazardoinished value

nvestigation olikely occurreonsumption a

5 years; WA D

regulations, to available sed, these changpotential loss

cope and imple. Part 1 will colve interviewElliott Bay T

onal use and pthe Elliott Bayss is appropri

y using one ofs (e.g., revealfit transfer est

NTIF ICATION

natural resoue communitieeeded. Due tove from natur

ay Trustees wtely from servcance of a pariffer from thaequired to full

have been apcontext of NR

es in tribal sertraditional knoin the use of n

al activity, thent angler use h fishing for r

in a number oous substance

e due to the prof potential reed as a result advisories havDOH 2018).

to the extent tervices in termges are compes, the Elliott Blementation oconsist of a co

ws with key inTrustees will dpreferences iny Trustees wiiate. If so, thef the survey-bled preferencetimate of the

APPROACH

urce services es, for which o the differenral resources ill describe anvice losses to rticular naturaat of the non-tly compensat

pplied to meaRDA include:

rvices. This inowledge, cultnatural resour

ere are existinon the Lower

resident speci

of ways. Somees. Others maresence of con

ecreational losof hazardous

ve been in pla

that the releasms of recreatioensable (43 CBay Trustees of each phase omprehensive

nformants anddevelop specin the Assessmill determine wey will likely ibased methode or stated prevalue of lost

of importanceseparate natuces in the natand the corrend quantify sethe non-triba

al resource, ittribal generalte for losses in

asure service l

ncludes assestural practicesrces caused b

ng access poinr Duwamish Res does occur

e recreationisay proceed wintaminants. Tsses indicatess substances race for the Lo

se of hazardoonal quality, p

CFR §11.71(e)plan to impledependent on

e review of exd focus groupific questions

ment Area. Bawhether furthimplement a p

ds listed in theeference; 43 Crecreational u

e to the goverural resource ture and extenesponding impervice losses

al general pubts traditional l public. Thusn tribal servic

losses to Trib

sment and ans, and relation

by the presenc

37

nts and River is r.

sts may ith a visit, The Elliott s that releases to ower

ous public )). To ement a n the xisting s with and elicit sed on

her primary

e CFR use.

rnments

nt of pacts of to Tribal

blic. For

s, specific ces.

bal

nalysis of nships ce of

Thfro

4.

InjCEres

hazardouethnogra

Direct aspreferenassessmand freqrecovery

Equivaleequivalethat ecolREA canof cultur§11.62(f

Stated prsurveys

hese approachom the release

4 TEMPO

jury quantificERCLA on Dsource service

For resou

Where inwill be qoccur in

For injurlosses wwhichevextent thincreme

Contaminwas ena

us substancesaphic protoco

ssessment of lnce technique

ment of the numquency of thaty period for th

ncy analyses.ency analyseslogical lossesn be applied trally importanf)(1)(iii)).

reference and to elicit triba

hes may be use of hazardou

RAL SCOPE

cation efforts ecember 11, es (in accorda

urces not expe

njuries pre- anquantified for

n the future.

red resources will be quantifver is later) unhat injuries prntal injury aft

nant releasescted will not

s. Such an anaols.

loss of resours, user surveymber of indivt use, substituhe activity.

. This involves or similar ms are a proxy mto estimate lont species due

other survey-al attitudes and

sed in combinus contaminan

will focus on1980 and conance with the

ected to fully

nd post- CERr all years that

expected to fufied from the ntil the year wre- and post-Cfter the enactm

and associatebe included i

alysis is gene

rce use. This cys, and existinviduals who pution or altern

es the use of hmeasures to qu

measure of trosses due to de to consump

-based technid preferences

nation to assesnts to the envi

n the period bentinuing throu

promulgation

y recover, inju

RCLA enactmet injury occur

fully recover tstart of injury

when the injurCERCLA enament of CERC

ed damages oin the injury a

erally based on

can involve apng data. Data

previously utilnative behavio

habitat (HEAuantify losses ribal service lodecreasing or e

tion guideline

iques. This ins towards an i

ss changes in ironment.

eginning withugh reasonabln of CERCLA

uries will be c

ent are not dirred in the pa

to baseline coy (or post-CEred resources

actment are diCLA will be q

occurring whoassessment.

n anthropolog

pplication of could include

lized a site, thors, and the ex

A) or resourcegiven the assosses. For exaeliminating ces (43 CFR

nvolves the usinjured resour

services resu

h the enactmele expected reA). Specifical

considered per

istinguishablest and is expe

onditions, inteERCLA enactm

fully recoveristinguishablequantified.

olly before CE

38

gical and

revealed e he nature xpected

(REA) sumption ample, ollection

se of rce.

ulting

ent of ecovery of lly:

rmanent.

e, injury ected to

erim ment, r. To the e, the

ERCLA

4.

Ba

BadisnaaltArothass

UnbawiecocotheAdfacBalos

5 BASELI

aseline, as def

the conditiothe dischargoccurred.

aseline data shscharge of oiltural processeterations). Threa in the conher physical csumptions.

nder this Planseline conditiithin the speciological injurnditions by see Assessmentdditional studctors could beaseline is alsosses.

NE

fined in 43 CF

on or conditioge of oil or re

hould reflect l or release ofes and changee Elliott Bay text of settlem

conditions in r

n, the Elliott Bions. In generific injury stury, the Elliott electing approt Area, exceptdies and evalue contributingo a considerati

FR §11.14(e)

ons that wouldelease of the h

expected conf hazardous sues that result fTrustees eval

ment using inreference are

Bay Trustees pral, the characudies that are p

Bay Trusteesopriate referet for the prese

uations will likg to adverse eion when qua

, is;

d have existedhazardous su

nditions in theubstances notfrom human aluated baselin

nformation onas, data from

plan to contincterization ofproposed (Chs will define rence locationsence of contamkely be neede

effects observantifying recre

d at the assesbstance unde

e Assessment t occurred, takactivities (e.gne conditions n contaminant

m study contro

nue to refine tf baseline conhapter 5). In thresource-specs that differ asmination (43 ed to understaed in the Asseational and T

ssment area her investigatio

Area had theking into accog., structural

in the Assesst concentratiools, and reason

their understaditions will ohe context of

cific baseline s little as possCFR §11.72(

and whether oessment AreaTribal Trustee

39

had on not

e ount

sment ns and nable

anding of occur f

sible from (d)). other a. e service

CH

ThRiplaat haresbyto,fisordBanain inj

ThAsresjuv20aqresDuthacoof salthrclebio(Jocobe(Mbo(e.sew

HAPTER 5

he preceding cver NRDA anan to apply. Tassessing thezardous substsources that a

y the release o, benthic invesh (English soder to advancay Trustees pltural resourceidentifying an

juries (includi

his work will bssessment Aresearch has dovenile salmon

014; O’Neill euatic species.siding and feeuwamish/Grean salmon in ntaminants inCOCs, was li

lmon. Meadorough contamean estuaries. ochemical chaohnson et al. 2ntaminated esen associated

Meador et al. 2oth male and f.g., PCBs) likwer outfalls. T

| ONGO

chapters descnd discuss the

The NRDA its severity and tance releases

are commonlyof Site-relatedertebrates (e.gole); forage fisce the injury alan to undertaes and lost sernd scaling resing the cost o

build on prevea resources acumented the

nids (e.g., Meet al. 2015); fo. For instanceeding in moreen River systless develope

n a polluted esinked to redur (2013) also

minated estuarAdverse effe

anges have be2014), includstuary (Varan

d with adverse2002a), and Jofemale Engliskely associatedThe Ecologic

ING AND P

ribe some of e framework aself will be comagnitude of

s to the Assesy found in thed contaminantg., shellfish, amshes (e.g., scu

assessment prake studies tharvices resultinstoration proj

of such restora

vious studies iand associatede toxic effectseador et al. 20orage fishes (e, O’Neill et ae urbanized anem, are expos

ed habitats. Astuary in the P

uced immune found that su

ries were signects, such as reen reported i

ding wild juvenasi et al. 199e physiologicaohnson et al. sh sole due to d with industr

cal Risk Asses

PROPOSED

the key compand general aomprised of af natural resossment Area. e Assessment ts. These resomphipods, mulpin), Chinorocess outlineat will: 1) detng from Site-ects that will ation).

investigatingd recreationas of COCs in 002a, 2002b; M(e.g., Kuzyk eal. (2015) founnd industrializsed to higher

Arkoosh et al. Pacific Northresponse and

urvival rates fnificantly lowreduced growin salmonidsenile Chinook93, Arkoosh eal effects in ju(2008) observ their exposurrial dischargessment portio

D STUDIES

ponents of theapproaches tha series of iterource injury re

Efforts will fArea and hav

ources includemidges), reside

ok salmon, bied in Chapterstermine and q-related contam compensate

the effects ofl uses and tribrelevant natuMeador et al. et al. 2005, Khnd that juvenzed environmconcentration(1998) report

hwest with hisd survival of jufor juvenile Cer than those

wth, immunoloexposed to P

k salmon expoet al. 1998). Euvenile and aved altered timre to estrogenes, surface runon of the RI fo

e Lower Duwhe Elliott Bay rative analyseesulting from focus on naturve likely beene, but are not ent bottom-dwirds, and mams 3 and 4, thequantify injurymination, andfor natural re

f contaminantbal services. P

ural resources, 2006; Johnso

Khan 2011); annile Chinook sments such as ns of contamited that chemstorical contamuvenile Chino

Chinook out-mutilizing rela

ogical impactCBs and PAHosed to COCsExposure to Padult salmonidming of spaw

n-like compounoff, and comor the Lower

40

wamish Trustees

es aimed

ral n injured limited

welling mmals. In

Elliott y to d 2) assist esource

ts on Previous , such as on et al. nd other salmon the inants

mical mination ook

migrating atively s, and Hs s in a PCBs has ds

wning in unds

mbined

Duredfislin

AsArtheaffimof doNatremiwhop

Fuexhain decowiresdowionres

Thor unanThin mabedeEPnothaopex

uwamish Watduced survivashes, and wildnes of evidenc

s described inrea not only pe general pubfected by the

mportance of Athose resourc

ocumented. Foative Americaeaty fishing riigration corridhich tribal meperations in El

uture efforts bposure of, anzardous substterms of lost termining dammpensation fill then use thstoration proj

ocumented in ill also be addn-going restorsource injurie

his Chapter deconsidering a

nderstanding od quantificati

his Plan is notthe course of

ay become necomes availabvelopment w

PA and State oot guarantee that some studie

pinion can be pected gain in

terway Superfal, reduced grdlife resultingce (Windward

n Section 2.4, provide ecologlic and tribal fish consump

Assessment Aces, and the imor example, saans for subsisghts in the Ador for hatcheembers are invlliott Bay (Se

based on the red injury to, natances to the Aecological, re

mages (i.e., thfor injury) asse ecological dects consistenan RCDP. Po

dressed in the ation projects

es.

escribes the stat this time. Tof the informaion of injury tt intended to lf the assessmeecessary or adble, or new dill be coordinof Washingtohat it will be ues may not bemade, considn information

fund site alsorowth, or impg from exposud 2010).

natural resougical servicesmembers. Fo

ption advisoriArea resourcesmpacts of conalmon runs intence and cerssessment Arery-raised salvolved, and tr

ection 2.4.3).

esults of initiatural resourcAssessment Aecreational, ahe amount of sociated with damages collent with the RPotential damag

RCDP. Addis and actions

tudies that theThese selectedation that mayto Assessmenlimit additionent, as the Elldvisable as thedata gaps are inated with ongon). In additioundertaken. Fe needed if redering the costn from a partic

o identified thaired reprodu

ure to PCBs, P

urces that utilis, but also proor example, reies in place fos to tribal memntamination on the Duwamremonial usesrea. The Duwlmon from upribal member

al studies maces have occuArea; 2) quanand tribal resof money soughthe quantifiedected from PRP/PEIS (as deges from lost itionally, the Eas appropriat

e Elliott Bay d efforts reprey be needed tnt Area naturanal or alternatliott Bay Truse assessment identified. Togoing efforts on, the inclusiFor example, teasonable assut of additionacular study. A

he potential fouction) on benPAHs, and TB

ize habitat wiovide human uecreational fisor the Lower Dmbers, their c

on tribal practish River area

s, and two Triwamish River ipriver commerrs participate

ay include: 1) urred due to thntifying injuryources and serht by the Elliod losses. The RPs to plan anescribed in Serecreational Elliott Bay Tte compensati

Trustees are pesent the Ellioto further refinal resources aive studies thstees recognizproceeds and

o the extent poinitiated by o

ion of a studythe Elliott Baumptions suppal research or As such, this P

or adverse effenthic invertebBT through m

ithin the Asseuse services tshing has beeDuwamish Riconnection to tices has also a are importanibal Trusteesis also utilizercial operatioin salmon net

documentinghe release of y to natural rervices; and 3)ott Bay TrusteElliott Bay Tnd implemen

ection 1.4) thaand Tribal serustees may rion for natura

presently undott Bay Trustene the determ

and resource shat may be unze that other sd new informaossible, studyother entities (y within this Pay Trustees mported by expsampling agaPlan provides

41

fects (i.e., brates, multiple

essment to both en iver. The and use been nt to hold

ed as a ons, in t-pen

g that

esources ) ees as

Trustees nt at will be rvices recognize al

dertaking ees’ best

mination services. ndertaken studies ation

y (e.g., Plan does

may decide pert ainst the s a

staimthe

5.

Ththainjpri

Bacat

5.

Thin newiwiinv

arting point frmplement the Ne Elliott Bay T

1 STUDY

he Elliott Bayat are expectejury stemmingioritization is

The revi

Likely c

Technicif the anare base

Efforts t

Efforts mscope of

ased on this ptegories:

1. Nearer-studies

2. MiddleLevel 1to clarifrestorat

3. Longerthe asseexpectesatisfyithis tim

2 INJURY

he Elliott Baydetail in this ed/rationale fill be developill build on prvestigations.

rom which theNRDA. As thTrustees may

PRIORITIZAT

y Trustees idened to assist in g from releasbased on:

iew and use o

cost-effectiven

al sequencingnalysis generaed);

that may be m

most likely tof required rest

rioritization,

-Term Prioritithat provide

-Term Priorit1 studies withfy the extent tion alternativ

r-Term Prioritessment proceed to be subjeng the CERC

me.

Y ASSESSMEN

y Trustees’ prosection. Each

for each studyed further in

revious efforts

e Elliott Bay hese efforts pry provide ame

TION

ntified and pridentifying aes of hazardo

of existing inf

ness;

g (e.g., an assates data or re

more likely to

o contribute totoration.

assessment ac

ies (Level 1).prerequisite d

ties (Level 2)the intent of

of injury and ves.

ties (Level 3)ess, depend la

ect to more difCLA NRDA re

NT STUDY SU

oposed studieh study descriy, and the gencollaborations, including r

Trustees will rogress and adendments to th

rioritized a lisand quantifyinous substance

formation spe

sessment activesults upon wh

clarify the ex

o the understa

ctivities are g

. Ongoing effdata for future

. Studies thatf more effectiv

connections

. Studies that argely on the fficult technicegulatory req

MMARY

es are summaription discussneral approachn with principremedial studi

prioritize studditional infohis Plan for p

st of discrete ng the scale os to the Asses

ecific to the A

vity may havehich subseque

xistence or ex

anding of the

grouped into o

forts by the Ele studies.

t build upon thvely determinto releases an

t will be needecompletion ocal challenge

quirement for

rized in Exhibses the study oh to conductin

pal investigatoies and other

udy efforts anormation is gepublic review.

assessment acf natural resossment Area.

Assessment Ar

e a nearer-terment assessmen

xtent of injury

appropriate s

one of three

lliott Bay Tru

he data collecning injury arend assist in sc

ed for later stof previous efs, or are less cost effective

bit 5-1 and probjectives, thng the study wors (PIs). Therelevant

42

nd enerated, .

ctivities ource

Study

rea;

m priority nt efforts

y; and,

scale and

ustees and

cted in e needed

caling

tages of fforts, are certain of eness at

resented he which se studies

EXHIBIT 5

CATEGORY

Data Manageme

Pathway

Sediment

Benthic Invertebra

5-1 ON

Y

STU

DY

NU

MBER

ent 1

2

3

4

5

ates

6

7

8

NGOING AND

PR

IOR

ITY

STUDY

1

Develodatabadata anprotoco

1 Reviewpathwadata

2

Analysito suppand paanalyse

1 Reviewsedime

1 Chemicof AsseArea se

1 Reviewinverte

1 Assess shellfis

2

Compilinvertebaselinparame

PLANNED ST

O

opment of ase and nalysis ols

RrWfrdpa

w of existing ay-related

Rtdai

is of media port source thway es

CrAca

w of existing ent data

Bqcaba

cal analysis essment ediment

CstAp

w of existing ebrate data

Eaati

toxicity to sh

Csrce

le benthic ebrate ne eters

Cbch

TUDIES

OBJECTIVE

Review and interemedial databWork with the for handling samreplicates, fielddevelop methoprocessing and assessment.

Review existingtransport mechdocument contand data on surnfrastructure (

Collection of Sirunoff, outfall Analysis of COCcharacteristics and Assessment

Based on the daquality, and apchemistry dataand timing of rbenthic inverteassist in study d

Collection of sestudies of benttoxicity, and paArea sedimentsparameters, as

Evaluate the exavailable contaassociated withto inform the pnjury.

Conduct a laboshellfish (e.g., relevant COCs tcontaminant exendpoints.

Compile and rebaseline benthicharacteristics habitat extent

egrate data frobases, relevantElliott Bay Trumple results thd duplicates, adology to defin use of the dat

g information ohanisms within taminant pathwrface water, g(e.g., outfalls)

ite-related soildischarge, see

Cs in these med to assess connt Area resource

atabase (Studyppropriateness , information o

relevant remedebrate and fishdesign.

ediments, as nthic invertebraathway. Analyss, and correspos compared to

xtent, quality, aminant chemish relevant bentpotential sever

oratory and/or bivalves, shrimto confirm cauxposure and ef

eview existing iic invertebrate (e.g., abunda within the Ass

om available st literature) intustees to finalizhat report nonand data qualifne and apply pta to meet goa

on physical and the Assessmenways. Include sroundwater, fl), soil, and sed

l, overland sureps, and/or grodia and physicanections betwees.

y #1), evaluate of available seon physical padial actions to h injury assessm

eeded, to comte and fish expsis of COCs in Aonding physicareference site

and appropriastry and toxicithic invertebrarity and magnit

in situ study emp, and/or crausality betweenffects on releva

information toe community nce of target ssessment Area.

ources (e.g., to DIVER. ze methods -detects, lab fiers; and protocols for als of the

d chemical nt Area to spill histories low-through iment.

rface water oundwater. al een sources

e the extent, ediment rameters, inform ment and

mplement posure and Assessment l sediments.

ateness of ty data ate species tude of

exposing abs) to n ant

o determine

species) and

43

STA

TU

S

Ongoing

Potential

Potential

Ongoing

Potential

Ongoing

Potential

Potential

CATEGORY

Fish

Y

STU

DY

NU

MBER

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

PR

IOR

ITY

STUDY

1 Reviewfish da

1

Assess salmonexposutoxicity

2

Complejuvenillaborattoxicity

1 Assess exposutoxicity

2

Complefish labbased ttesting

1

Assess dwellinexposutoxicity

2

Complebottomfish labbased ttesting

3

Compilmigratoresidencharac

O

w of existing ta

Batid

juvenile nid ure and y

Ctesoc

ete le salmonid tory y testing

Ctce

forage fish ure and y

Cteft

ete forage boratory-toxicity

g

Crce

bottom-ng fish ure and y

Cssfas

ete m-dwelling boratory-toxicity

g

Cdce

le baseline ory and nt fish teristics

Ds(u

OBJECTIVE

Based on the daavailable contatissues and datnform historic design of subse

Collect in-situ jtoxicity of Asseexposure. Analysalmonid tissueorganisms to ascontaminants.

Conduct a laboto relevant COCcontaminant exendpoints.

Collect residenthe toxicity of Aexposure. Analyfish tissues, stoto assess expos

Conduct a laboresident forageconfirm causalieffects on relev

Collect residensole) and assessspecific contamfield-collected and/or whole ospecific contam

Conduct a labodwelling fish (econfirm causalieffects on relev

Determine basesalmonids and re.g., abundanc

use) within the

atabase (Studyaminant chemista related to fis exposure and

equent primary

juvenile salmoessment Area-sysis of COCs in

es, stomach cossess exposure

oratory study exCs to confirm cxposure and ef

nt forage fish (eAssessment Arysis of COCs inomach contentsure to Site-spe

oratory study exe fish (e.g., scuity between covant endpoints

nt bottom-dwels the toxicity o

minant exposur resident fish torganisms to asminants.

oratory study exe.g., English soity between covant endpoints

eline characterresident foragece, community

e Assessment A

y #1), review tstry data meassh toxicity stud effects as wely studies.

onids and assesspecific contamn field-collectentents, and/or to Site-specifi

xposing juvenicausality betwffects on releva

e.g., sculpin) area specific conn field-collectets, and/or whoecific contamin

xposing bottomulpin) to relevaontaminant exps.

lling fish (e.g.,of Assessment re. Analysis of tissues, stomacssess exposure

xposing resideole) to relevantontaminant exps.

ristics of migrae and bottom-y age structure

Area.

he extent of sured in fish dies to ll as the

ss the minant ed juvenile r whole ic

ile salmonids ween

ant

and assess ntaminant ed resident le organisms nants.

m-dwelling ant COCs to posure and

, English Area- COCs in ch contents, to Site-

nt bottom-t COCs to posure and

atory dwelling fish e, habitat

44

STA

TU

S

Ongoing

Ongoing

Potential

Potential

Potential

Potential

Potential

Potential

CATEGORY

Birds

Mammals

Remedial Activities

Recreatio

Tribal Los

Y

STU

DY

NU

MBER

17

18

19

n

20

21

22

ss 23

PR

IOR

ITY

STUDY

1

Reviewavian etoxicityhistoryhabitat

1

Reviewmammexposutoxicityhistoryhabitat

2 Evaluatof remactiviti

1

Reviewoutdoorecreatdata aninform

2

Complerecreatinterviefocus g

3

Conducoutdoorecreatsurvey

1

Assess the tribprovidenaturaas a reCOCs

O

w existing exposure, y, life

y, and t use data

Rlid

w existing alian

ure, y, life

y, and t use data

Rtt

te impacts edial ies

Cece

w existing or tional use nd ation

RlevRcvgs

ete outdoor tional use ews and groups

Owoars

ct an or tional use

BoLce

changes in bal services ed by l resources sult of

FTAivTa

OBJECTIVE

Review existingife history infodetermine if ad

Review existingtoxicity, life hito determine if

Compile informevaluate the secomplex. This iextent, and typ

Review existingevels of potenvalues in the LoReview public icontamination via fish and sheguidelines, newsources.

Organize and imwith recreationoutdoor recreaand swimming iresults along wscope a primary

Based on resultor more surveyLower Duwamiscontamination,estimate of the

Further documeTrustees and reArea. Identify nmportance for value than the Tribal Trusteesa result of cont

g data on avianormation, and dditional asses

g data on mamstory informatf additional ass

mation on remeeverity of impaincludes the tipe of remedial

g data and infotially affectedower Duwamisinformation on in the Lower Dellfish consumpws reports, and

mplement intenists to gain inftional use, incin the Lower D

with previously y recreational

ts of Study #20ys to quantify losh River poten, and/or comple value of lost

ent the relatioesources that unatural resourcr which tribal m general publics’ connections tamination.

n exposure andhabitat use dasment is warra

mmalian exposution, and habitsessment is wa

edial activities acts on the aquming, location activities.

ormation on thd recreational ah River throug

n and awarenesDuwamish Riveption advisoried community in

erviews and focformation and

cluding fishing,Duwamish Rive collected info use study.

0, and #21 impost recreationatially affectedlete a benefit recreation use

onship betweenutilize the Asseces and habitamembers hold c, and assess c to and use of r

d toxicity, ata to anted.

ure and tat use data arranted.

and uatic habitat n, spatial

e types and activities and h time. ss of the

er, including es and nformation

cus groups insights into boating, r. Consider rmation to

lement one al use on the by the

transfer e

n the Tribal essment ts of a different hanges in resources as

45

STA

TU

S

Ongoing

Ongoing

Potential

Ongoing

Potential

Potential

Potential

5.

Ththeco

DA

(ST

ObsedDIrepde

NebioCoanan

Apdamestaorifieda

PA

PR

Obwianuti

Neasspripaun§1

Apare20(Ege

3 INJURY

he following de study objectnducting each

ATA MANAGEM

TUDY #1, PR

bjectives: (1)diment, fish tIVER. (2) Finplicates, fieldtermine proto

eed/Rationaloassay data arompiling and alysis of exisd clearly allo

pproach: Theta for the injuethods, samplandardized to iginal sourceseld and analytta to meet go

ATHWAY: REV

RIORITY 1)

bjective: Revithin the Assed data on surfility tunnels, o

eed/Rationalsessment and imary studiesthway-related

nder the CERC1.61(c)(3) an

pproach: Thee not limited t

010, AECOM cology 2012)ology, topogr

Y ASSESSMEN

descriptions etives, the needh study, whic

MENT: DEVEL

RIORITY 1)

) Review and issue) from a

nalize methodd duplicates, aocols for proc

e: A substantre available instandardizingting data to inw other resea

e Elliott Bay Tury assessmenling dates, depbe consistent

s will be retaitical methodoals of the asse

VIEW OF EXIS

view existing essment Areaface water, groutfalls), soil

e: The Elliotttherefore wil

s. As such, it id informationCLA NRDA rnd §11.63).

e Elliott Bay Tto, informatio2012) and th

), outfall and oraphy, and ba

NT STUDY DE

expand on thed/rationale fo

ch will be dev

LOPMENT OF

integrate releavailable sourcds for handlingand data qualicessing and us

tial amount ofn a variety of g the data intonform gaps anarchers to und

Trustees will nt (e.g., sedimpths, species,t with the DIVined for refereologies. Protocessment will

STING SOURC

information oto document roundwater, f, and sedimen

t Bay Trusteell use existingis prudent and

n. Documentatregulations fo

Trustees will on collected uhe State of Waother runoff-r

athymetry data

SCRIPTIONS

e studies preseor each study,veloped furthe

F DATABASE A

evant Assessmces (e.g., remg sample resuifiers, and devse of the data

f Assessment f media colleco one databasnd structure tderstand quali

identify datament, fish tissu, and other peVER format.ence, includincols and methbe developed

CE AND PATH

on physical ancontaminant

flow-through nt.

es intend to img data to the ed necessary to

ation of a comor natural reso

review existiunder EPA’s rashington’s urelated informa. The Elliott

ented in Exhi and the gene

er in collabora

AND DATA AN

ment Area-relmedial databasults that reporvelop an analyto meet asses

Area contamcted under a rse will enable targeted studieity of the data

a repositories ue). Qualifierertinent paramAny metadat

ng available dhods for proced.

HWAY-RELAT

nd chemical tpathways. Ininfrastructure

mplement a coextent possiblo identify and

mplete pathwaource injury d

ing data sourcremedial proc

upland source mation, and St Bay Trustee

ibit 5-1 by diseral approach ation with PIs

NALYSIS PRO

lated data (e.gse, literature) rt non-detectsytical methodssment goals.

minant chemisange of effortmore efficien

es that fill thoa.

containing rer codes, analy

meters will be a related to th

documents thaessing and us

ED DATA (ST

transport mecnclude spill hie (e.g., pipelin

ost-effective le prior to undd review existay is a requiredetermination

ces that includcess (e.g., Wincontrol proceite-specific hys will assess t

46

scussing to

s.

OTOCOLS

g., into

s, lab dology to .

stry and ts. nt ose gaps

elevant ytes, units,

he at explain se of the

UDY #2,

chanisms istories nes,

dertaking ting ment

n (43 CFR

de, but ndward ess ydrology, the

avtheEllinf

PA

(ST

Obdisin As

Nesur(e.as adnais de

ApcoassneresapspeEll

SE

Obchactanwh

Neprirev

ApThspebeof

ailability, quaeir current unliott Bay Trusform addition

ATHWAY: ANA

TUDY #3, PR

bjective: Collscharge, seep and physical

ssessment Are

eed/Rationalrface water, g.g., groundwawell as the dditional samptural resourcea requirementermination (

pproach: Thentaminant chsess whether cessary to chsources in thepropriate chaecific contamliott Bay Trus

DIMENT: REV

bjective: Evaemistry data, tions to informd assist in stuhich the Elliot

eed/Rationalior to undertaview existing

pproach: Thehis study will ecifically eva reviewed forassociated ph

ality, and comnderstanding ostees to identi

nal data collec

ALYSIS OF ME

RIORITY 2)

lect Site-relatdischarge, grcharacteristic

ea resources.

e: To the extegroundwater, ater flow, soiletermination

pling of these e injuries in th

nt under the C43 CFR §11.6

e Elliott Bay Temistry data iadditional coaracterize pat

e Assessment aracteristics anminant or prox

stees will con

VIEW OF EXI

aluate the exteinformation

m benthic invudy design. Btt Bay Truste

e: A cost-effeaking primary

sediment che

e Elliott Bay Tinvolve a det

aluating the usr relevance tohysical param

mprehensivenof Assessmenify complete pction or studie

EDIA TO SUP

ted soil, overlroundwater, acs of these me

ent possible, eand other ma type) will beand quantificmedia may b

he AssessmenERCLA NRD61(c)(3) and

Trustees will in soil, surfacllection and sthways of expArea. If suffi

nd in the locaximate to propnduct a primar

STING SEDIM

ent, quality, aon physical p

vertebrate (incased on this res may choos

ective assessmy studies. As semistry data.

Trustees will tailed and rigose of these da COCs, quali

meters (e.g., to

ness of existinnt Area pathwpathways as wes.

PORT SOURC

land surface wand other phyedia to assess

existing contaatrices/media,e utilized to incation of natube necessary tnt Area. DocuDA regulation§11.63).

use the data ce water, grousubsequent chposure from sicient high quations of interposed field cory study to co

MENT DATA (

and appropriatparameters, ancluding shellfreview, identise to focus fut

ment utilizes esuch, it is pru

use sedimentorous review ata in a NRDAity, spatial andotal organic ca

ng pathway inways. This effo

well as any d

CE AND PATH

water runoff, ysical media, as connections

aminant chem, as well as phnform plannin

ural resource ito link pathwaumentation ofns for natural

from Study #undwater, andhemical analysources of conuality data do rest (e.g., nearollection sitesollect and ana

STUDY #4, P

teness of avaind timing of rfish) and fish ify data gaps ture primary

existing data udent and nece

t chemistry dof available i

A context. Fod temporal exarbon) by wh

nformation to ort will enabl

data gaps that

HWAY ANALYS

pipeline or ouand analysis obetween sour

mistry data in hysical informng of primaryinjuries. Howays of exposuf a complete presource inju

#1, including d other mediaysis of samplentamination tonot exist with

r known sourcs for fish), thealyze these me

PRIORITY 1)

ilable sedimerelevant remeinjury assessand uncertainstudies.

to the extent essary to iden

ata from Studinformation,

or example, daxtent, and avahich to evalua

47

refine e the could

SES

utfall of COCs rces and

soil, mation y studies,

wever, ure to pathway ury

a, and es is o natural h the ces of a

en the edia.

ent ediation sments nties upon

possible ntify and

dy #1.

ata will ailability ate

podasit

SE

PR

Obansedsed

NeAsexinfneArstu

Apadnestuapsitanfieco

BE

PR

Obchshean

Neprirevincoth

Approtoxam

otential toxicitta with the ap

tu work) do no

DIMENT: CHE

RIORITY 1)

bjective: Cold fish exposudiments, and diments.

eed/Rationalssessment Areposed to contform planningcessary to linrea, documentudies.

pproach: Theditional collecessary, parti

udies outlinedpropriate cha

tes for fish), thalyze sedimen

eld sampling ellected as effi

ENTHIC INVER

RIORITY 1)

bjective: Evaemistry and tellfish, midge indicator of h

eed/Rationalior to undertaview existing cluding sedimher benthic pa

pproach: Theocess documexicity data ass

mphipods) and

ty, fate, and trppropriate chaot exist, then

EMICAL ANAL

lect sedimenture and toxicitcorrespondin

e: Sediment iea, and is onetaminants. Tog of primary s

nk pathways ot the extent an

e Elliott Bay Tection and subicularly in thed within this Paracteristics anhen the Elliotnt for COCs. efforts of stud

ficiently as po

RTEBRATES:

aluate the extetoxicity data aes, amphipodshabitat quality

e: A cost-effeaking primary

data related tment contaminarameters, can

e Elliott Bay Tents, and othesociated withd adverse effe

ransport of vaaracteristics athe Elliott Ba

LYS IS OF ASS

ts, as needed, ty, and pathw

ng physical pa

is both a prime of the main po the extent postudies. Howeof exposure tond magnitude

Trustees will bsequent cheme context of thPlan. If sufficnd in the areatt Bay TrusteeThis study w

dies listed belssible.

REVIEW OF

ent, quality, aassociated wits) to inform thy, as well as i

ective assessmy studies. As sto benthic invnant concentrn directly info

Trustees will er supplementh relevant bentects endpoints

arious contamand in the locaay Trustees w

SESSMENT AR

to complemeway. Analyzearameters, as

mary sink for apathways throossible, existiever, additiono natural resoue of exposure,

use data frommical analysishe benthic invient high qua

as of interest (es will implem

will be undertalow, to ensure

EXISTING IN

and appropriatth relevant bethe potential sidentification

ment utilizes esuch, it is pruvertebrates in rations, benthiform injury de

use the procetal reports/stu

nthic invertebrs. This study

minants. If sufations of inter

will conduct a

REA SEDIMEN

ent studies of COCs in Asscompared to

and source ofough which ning sediment nal sediment surce injuries , and focus th

m Studies #1 as of Assessmevertebrate, fisality data do n(i.e., near proment a primaraken in tandeme the most rel

NVERTEBRATE

teness of avaienthic inverteseverity and mn of data gaps

existing data udent and nece

the Assessmic invertebratetermination a

essed data froudies for contrate species (ewill involve a

fficient high qrest (in the caprimary stud

NT (STUDY #

f benthic inversessment Areareference site

f contaminantnatural resourdata will be usampling mayin the Assess

he design of o

and #4 to asseent Area sedimshes, and pathnot exist with posed field cory study to com with the prlevant data are

E DATA (STU

ilable contamebrate species magnitude of

and uncertain

to the extent essary to iden

ment Area. Thete toxicity stuand quantifica

om Study #1, taminant cheme.g., shellfisha detailed and

48

quality ase of in dy.

#5,

rtebrate a e

ts in the rces are utilized to y be ment

other

ess what ments is

hway the ollection ollect and roposed e

DY #6,

minant (e.g., injury as nties.

possible ntify and ese data,

udies, and ation.

remedial mistry and h, midges, d rigorous

revcoqusufbe

BE

PR

Obbiv

NeCFecotheTr

ApthabivpricorefsetbivinvArrelnochalsweCOsitthr

BE

PA

Obinvex

NeEllex

view of availantext. For exa

uality, spatial fficient, the Enthic inverteb

ENTHIC INVE

RIORITY 1)

bjective: Convalves, shrimp

eed/RationalFR §11.62(b)(ological, recre severity andribal harvester

pproach: Thiat have alreadvalve species)imary study mnsist of two pference locatitting with appvalves, shrimpvertebrate comrea. The bioaslevant to the o

ot be limited toaracteristics, so be evaluateell, focusing oOC releases, atu studies willrough the use

ENTHIC INVER

ARAMETERS (

bjective: Comvertebrate comtent and quali

eed/Rationalliott Bay Trusposure to Ass

able informatample, the Eland temporal

Elliott Bay Trubrates within

ERTEBRATES

nduct studies p, crabs).

e: This effort(1)(v)), and mreational and cd magnitude ors.

is study will fdy been imple). If the resultmay be initiatparts. (1) Sediions as determpropriate test p, crabs), lifemmunities’ exssay(s) will beorganisms’ lifo survival, grincluding con

ed in field-colon priority areand areas idenl assess simila of caged or c

RTEBRATES:

STUDY #8, P

mpile and revmmunity charity within the

e: Baseline dstees will measessment Are

tion, specificaliott Bay Trusl extent, contaustees will usthe Assessme

: ASSESS TO

to determine

t will support may inform incultural speciof contaminan

follow Study emented (e.g.,ts of that revied. The Elliotiment will be

mined in the sand control e

e stages, and exposure to hae designed tofe histories anrowth, developntaminant conllected sampleas within thentified in othear endpoints aconfined toxic

COMPILE BE

PRIORITY 2)

iew existing iracteristics (ee Assessment

ata will informasure both inja contaminati

ally evaluatingstees will revaminants of cse those data tent Area.

OXICITY TO

the toxicity o

an injury detnjury quantificies to Site-spent-related inju

#6, which wi, in situ and/oiew indicate stt Bay Trustecollected frotudy design. T

exposures, andexposure duraazardous subso subject the tend site conditpment, and (oncentrations iles. (2) In situe Assessmenter studies as tand study durcity testing te

ENTHIC INVE

information te.g., abundanc

Area.

m the conditijury (i.e., advion) and resto

g the use of thview data for soncern, and eto determine

SHELLFISH

of Site sedime

termination tocation effortsecific sedimenury to shellfis

ill review resuor laboratory tsignificant datees anticipate om the assessmThe study wid will utilize ations that besstance releaseest organismstions. Endpoinor) reproductiin sediment anu toxicity testst Area (e.g., artoxic to benthrations as desechniques.

RTEBRATE B

to determine bce of target sp

ions and metrverse effects roration (i.e., t

hese data in aspecies relevaendpoints. If dand quantify

(STUDY #7,

ent to shellfis

o shellfish (e.g. Exposing imnt will directl

sh and recreat

ults of toxicitytoxicity testinta gaps, then tthat this studyment area andll occur in a ltest organismst reflect thess from the Ass to exposure nts may incluion. Sedimennd pore waters may be conreas with doc

hic organismscribed for Par

ASELINE

baseline benthpecies) and ha

ric(s) against wresulting fromthe benefits to

49

a NRDA ance, data are injury to

h (e.g.,

g., 43 mportant ly inform tional and

y tests ng of this y will

d laboratory

ms (e.g., se benthic ssessment durations

ude but nt r, will ducted as

cumented ). The in rt 1,

hic abitat

which the m o a

spebapro

Aputilitestrphtha

FIS

Obcostupri

Nenacoprienpo

ApchAsstuevtoxinccoqu

FIS

ST

Obfie

Neto SpcofroWAc

ecies or speciseline conditiocess under th

pproach: Thiilize existing erature to estaructure, and fehase reveals suat will fill tho

SH: REVIEW

bjective: Basntaminant ch

udies to informimary studies

eed/Rationaltural resourcest-effective aimary studiesable efficient

otential future

pproach: Theemistry and tssessment Areudy will involaluating the uxicological reclude species ntaminants of

uantifying inju

SH: JUVENIL

TUDY #11, PR

bjective: Asseld assessmen

eed/Rationalthe ocean to m

pecifically witmplex for sal

om predation.ashington Stact, including C

ies group resuion of injuredhe CERCLA

is study will bdata, publiclyablish characteatures of releubstantial datose data gaps.

OF EXISTING

sed on the DIVemistry data mm historic exps. Focus on sa

e: Understandes is an essentssessment uti

s. As such, it it analysis, idestudies.

e Elliott Bay Ttoxicity data aea, with a foclve a detailed use of these desponse param

relevance, daf interest, andury.

LE SALMONID

RIORITY 2)

sess the toxicints and labora

e: Salmon aremature, and tthin the Asseslinity adjustm. Some salmoate DepartmenChinook salm

ulting from had natural resouNRDA regul

be executed iny available doteristics such evant habitat ta gaps, the El

G FISH DATA

VER databasemeasured in fposure and inj

almon, forage

ding the extential componenilizes existingis prudent andntification of

Trustees will associated witcus on salmon

and rigorousdata in a NRDmeters. Examata quality, spd relevance of

D TOXICITY A

ity of COCs totory testing.

e anadromousthen return to ssment Area,

ments as juvennid species arnt of Fish and

mon, coho salm

abitat improvurces is a comlations (43 CF

n two phases.ocuments, andas benthic inwithin the Aslliott Bay Tru

(STUDY #9,

e (Study #1), fish tissues an

njuries as well, and bottom-

nt and magnitnt of injury d

g data to the ed necessary tof data gaps, an

use the data th relevant sp

n, forage fish,s review of av

DA context usimples of factorpatial and temf toxicologica

ASSESSMENT

o juvenile sal

s, meaning ththeir natal fresalmon (e.g.,

niles, as a forare also threated Wildlife or mon, chum sa

vements). Undmponent of thFR §11.70(a)(

. (1) The Elliod Site-specific

nvertebrate abssessment Arustees may co

PRIORITY 1

review the exnd data relatel as the design-dwelling fish

tude of contamdetermination extent possiblo review existnd determinat

from Study #pecies and loc, and bottom-dvailable informing exposure rs to consider

mporal extent al endpoints f

(STUDY #10

lmonids (e.g.,

hey are born ineshwater stre, Chinook) usaging area, anened or candithe Federal Ealmon, and ste

derstanding thhe injury quan(1)).

ott Bay Trustec and/or gene

bundance, comrea. (2) If the onduct a prim

)

xtent of availad to fish toxicn of subsequehes.

minant exposand quantifice prior to undting, availabltion of directi

#1 for contamcations withindwelling fishmation, specimetrics and

r in data usabiof informatio

for assessing a

, PRIORITY

, Chinook) th

n freshwater, am to spawn se the aquaticnd as a place oidate species

Endangered Speelhead.

50

he ntification

ees will eric mmunity first ary study

able city ent

sure to cation. A dertaking e data to ion for

inant n the hes. This fically

ility on, and

1;

hrough

migrate and die. habitat of refuge under the pecies

Sastadefrejuvadma

ThFieexsitcobevaintorg

ApwetoxTrAsvasucjuv#5Coto anwior surrelchThsalha

FIS

PR

Obass

almon can havages (e.g., juvterminant of

eshwater streavenile Chinoodition to direay also have l

hese studies weld studies enposure to con

te. Analysis oncentrations fcause laboratriables can betended to suppganisms.

pproach: Toxell as review axicity data) anrustees will dessessment Arerious locationch as growth venile salmon), will be mea

oncentrations concentrationalyzed to evaill be a laboramixtures of Crvival. This slevant to the Aosen endpoin

he data obtainlmon by usingbitat complex

SH: FORAGE

RIORITY 2)

bjective: Asssessments and

ve profound dveniles versuschemical expams, particulaok salmon parct, short-termlong-term effe

will generate dnable a direct ntaminated mef field-collectfrom Study #tory studies are specifically port field obs

xicity testing and analysis ond Study #9 (esign and impea as comparens throughoutpatterns (e.g.

nid tissue andasured to asseof COCs in f

ns collected aaluate the statiatory exposureCOCs to assetudy is intendAssessment Ants. Approprianed in these stg organism-bx (e.g., lost bi

F ISH TOXICI

sess the toxicid laboratory t

differences in spawning ad

posure and acuarly during a crticularly vuln

m impacts, confects on the vi

data to informmeasurementedia within thted salmon tis4 and #5) docre conducted defined and m

servations of t

of juvenile saof the results (review of exiplement a fieled to a referent the Assessm., as indicated

d stomach coness salmonid fish tissues, stat an appropriistical associae study in whss the effects ded to determArea is responate control orgtudies will be ased metrics iomass).

ITY ASSESSM

ity of COCs totesting.

susceptibilitydults). Salmonute toxicity. Tcritical time onerable to thentaminant expiability of that

m both injury t of the effecthe Assessmenssues and stomcuments expoin a controllemonitored, ththe impact of

almonids invoof Study #1 (isting fish datld-based studynce site. Juve

ment Area andd by otolith acntents, as wellexposure to Ctomach conteate reference ation between

hich juvenile son selected e

mine whether ensible for any ganisms and l used to quanthat reflect an

MENT (STUDY

o forage fish

y to chemicalnid life historyTheir extendeof growth ande effects of coposure duringt organism as

determinationts on salmon ant Area as commach content

osure to the Ced environmehe proposed laf relevant cont

olves two inte(database of cta). For Studyy of juvenile enile salmon wd evaluated foccretion). COl as sediment COCs within ents, and sedim

location. Then exposure ansalmonids areendpoints, sucexposure to C

y observed advlaboratory co

ntify contaminn impact to th

Y #12, PRIOR

species (e.g.,

ls at different y is an impor

ed residency ind developmenontaminants. Ig the juvenile s an adult.

n and quantifiassociated wimpared to a rets (as well as

COCs. In addient where manaboratory testtaminants on

errelated studcontaminant ay #10, the Ellisalmonid heawill be collec

or selected endOCs in field-co

(Study #1, #4the Assessmement will be cese data will b

nd injury. Stude exposed to ich as growth

COCs at conceverse effects o

onditions will nant-related lohe overall aqu

RITY 1; STUD

, sculpin) thro

51

life rtant n

nt, make In stage

fication. ith eference sediment tion, ny ts are the test

dies, as and iott Bay

alth in the cted from dpoints ollected 4, and ent Area. compared be dy #11 individual and entrations on be used. osses to uatic

DY #13,

ough field

Nelincoto Exproin ThFieexsitdoin moof

Aprevanwias throtosedAssedloclabCOwichThrelov

FIS

ST

Obsol

Newe(e.cloAr

eed/Rationalnk benthic invrmorants), ansediment (a p

xposure and tooposed by thethe Assessme

hese studies weld studies enposure to con

te. Analysis oocuments expo

a controlled eonitored, thesrelevant cont

pproach: Toxview and anald Study #9 (rill design and compared to

roughout the Aolith accretiondiment (Studyssessment Arediment will bcation. These boratory expoOCs to assessill confirm thaosen endpoin

he Elliott Baylated losses to

verall aquatic

SH: BOTTOM

TUDY #15, PR

bjective: Assle) through fi

eed/Rationaleb. They link .g., blue heronosely tied to srea). Exposur

e: Forage fishvertebrates (e.nd, in the caseprimary sink foxicity testinge Elliott Bay Tent Area have

will generate dnable a direct ntaminated mef COCs in fieosure to the Cenvironment wse laboratory ttaminants on

xicity testing lysis of the rereview of exis

implement a a reference sAssessment An). COCs in fy #4 and #5), ea. Concentrae compared tdata will be c

osure study in the effects onat exposure to

nts. Appropriay Trustees wilo forage fishehabitat comp

-DWELLING

RIORITY 2)

sess the toxicield assessmen

e: Bottom-dwbenthic inver

n, marine mamsediment (a pre and toxicity

hes are an ess.g., amphipode of species sufor and sourcg of forage fisTrustees and e been injureddata to informmeasurementedia within theld-collected fCOCs. In addiwhere many vtests are intenthe test organ

of forage fishesults of Studysting fish datafield-based site. Sculpin w

Area and evalfield-collectedwill be analy

ations of COCo concentraticorrelated to

n which sculpin selected endo COCs is resate control orgl use data obt

es, using organlex (e.g., lost

FISH TOXIC IT

ity of COCs tonts and labora

welling fishes rtebrates (e.g.mmals), and, rimary sink foy testing of bo

sential compods) and upper uch as Pacifice of contaminsh species wiassist in deter

d due to expom both injury t of the effecthe Assessmenfish tissues anition, becausevariables cannded to supponisms.

hes involves ty #1 (databasa). As part of study of sculpwill be collectluated for grod sculpin tissuyzed to assessCs in fish tissuons collectedlink exposurein are exposedpoints, suchsponsible for ganisms and ltained in thesnism-based mt biomass).

TY ASSESSME

o bottom-dweatory testing.

are an essent., marine worin the case o

or and sourceottom-dwellin

onent of the aqtrophic level

c staghorn scunants in the All complemenrmining whetsure of Site-rdeterminationts to forage fint Area as comnd stomach ce laboratory sn be specificalort field obser

two interrelatse of contaminStudy #12, th

pin health in tted from varioowth patterns ues, stomach s exposure to ues, stomach

d at an apprope and injury. Sed to individuah as growth anany observedlaboratory coe studies to q

metrics that re

ENT (STUDY

elling fish spe

tial componenrms) and uppef species such

e of contaminang fish specie

quatic food wl species (e.g.ulpin, are clos

Assessment Arnt the salmon ther forage fisrelated contamn and quantifishes as a resumpared to a reontents (and studies are conlly defined anrvations of the

ed studies, asnant and toxiche Elliott Baythe Assessmenous locations (e.g., as indiccontents, as wCOCs withincontents, and

priate referencStudy #13 wial or mixturesnd survival. Td adverse effeonditions will quantify contaeflect an impa

#14, PRIOR

ecies (e.g., En

nt of the aquaer trophic leveh as English sants in the As

es will comple

52

web. They , sely tied rea). studies

sh species minants. fication. ult of eference sediment) nducted nd e impact

s well as city data)

y Trustees nt Area

cated by well as n the d ce ill be a s of

This study cts on be used.

aminant-act to the

ITY 1;

nglish

atic food el species sole, are ssessment ement the

saldeinjinfmecoAnsedcoanim

Apas toxBaAsvaas coto COcoexaresucresorgobfisco

FIS

(ST

Obforuse

NeEllexspeuninj§1

lmon and foratermining whjured due to eform both injueasurement ofntaminated mnalysis of COdiment) docunducted in a cd monitored,

mpact of releva

pproach: Toxwell as revie

xicity data) anay Trustees wssessment Arerious locationindicated by ntents, and/orassess Englis

OCs in fish tisllected at an aposure and ine exposed to ich as growth sponsible for ganisms and l

btained in thesshes, using orgmplex (e.g., l

SH: COMPILE

TUDY #16, P

bjective: Detrage, and botte) within the

eed/Rationalliott Bay Trusposure to Assecies or speci

nderstanding tjury quantific1.70(a)(1)).

age fish studihether bottomexposure of Siury determinaf the effects t

media within tOCs in field-co

ments exposucontrolled envthese laborat

ant contamina

xicity testing w and analysnd Study #9 (

will design andea as comparens throughoutotolith accretr whole organsh sole exposussues, stomacappropriate renjury. Study #individual or and survival.any observedlaboratory cose studies to qganism-basedlost biomass).

E BASELINE M

PRIORITY 3)

ermine the batom-dwellingAssessment A

e: Baseline dstees will measessment Areies group resuthe baseline ccation process

es proposed bm-dwelling fish

ite-related coation and quao bottom-dwethe Assessmeollected fish ture to the COvironment whtory tests are iants on the te

of bottom-dwis of the resul

(review of exid implement aed to a referent the Assessmtion). COCs inisms, as wellure to COCs wch contents, aneference locat#15 will be a lmixtures of C This study w

d adverse effenditions will

quantify contad metrics that .

MIGRATORY A

aseline characg fishes (e.g., Area.

ata will informasure both inja contaminati

ulting from haondition of in

s under the CE

by the Elliott h species in thntaminants. T

antification. Felling fishes a

ent Area as cotissues and stoCs. In additiohere many vaintended to su

est organisms.

welling fisheslts of Study #isting fish data field-basednce site. Engl

ment Area andin field-collecl as sedimentwithin the Asnd sediment wtion. These dalaboratory exCOCs to asseswill confirm thects on chosenbe used. The

aminant-relatt reflect an im

AND RESIDEN

cteristics of mabundance, c

m the conditijury (i.e., advion) and restoabitat improvnjured naturalERCLA NRD

Bay Trusteeshe AssessmenThese studies

Field studies eas a result of

ompared to a romach contenon, because laariables can beupport field o.

s involves two#1 (database ota). As part ofstudy of English sole will

d evaluated focted English s

(Study #4 anssessment Arewill be compaata will be co

xposure study ss the effects hat exposure n endpoints. A Elliott Bay T

ted losses to bmpact to the ov

NT FISHES CH

migratory salmcommunity ag

ions and metrverse effects roration (i.e., t

vements). Detel resources is

DA regulation

s and assist innt Area have will generate

enable a directexposure to reference sitents (as well asaboratory stude specifically

observations o

o interrelated of contaminanf Study #14, tlish sole healbe collected

or growth pattsole tissues, stnd 5), will be ea. Concentraared to conce

orrelated to linin which Engon selected eto COCs is

Appropriate cTrustees will ubottom-dwelliverall aquatic

HARACTERIS

monids, residege structure, h

ric(s) against wresulting fromthe benefits toermining anda component

ns (43 CFR

53

n been

e data to t

e. s dies are y defined of the

studies, nt and the Elliott lth in the from terns (e.g., tomach analyzed

ations of entrations nk glish sole endpoints,

control use data ing c habitat

TICS

ent habitat

which the m o a d t of the

Apdochwitherelim

BIR

US

Obaneff

Nearemainjto neAsan

Apinfwhevinfexdoco

MA

AN

Obinfex

Neanmainjto ne

pproach: Theocuments, andaracteristics sithin the Asseese species. Inlevant areas. I

mplement a pri

RDS: REVIEW

SE DATA (STU

bjective: Revd habitat use fects as well a

eed/Rationale key ecologiagnitude of cojury determinthe extent pocessary to revssessment Arealysis of exis

pproach: Thiformation inchich is relevanaluating the uformation for tent, contami

o not exist witnsider a prim

AMMALS: REV

ND HABITAT U

bjective: Revformation, anposure and ef

eed/Rationald are key ecoagnitude of cojury determinthe extent pocessary to rev

e Elliott Bay Td Site-specificsuch as abundessment Area,nformation mIf substantial imary study th

W EXISTING A

UDY #17, PR

view existing data from rel

as the need fo

e: Birds utilizcal receptors ontaminant ex

nation and quaossible prior toview existingea and other rting data to id

is study will icluding contamnt to bird specuse of these d

species relevnants of inter

th the approprmary study.

VIEW EXISTIN

USE DATA (ST

view existing nd habitat useffects as well

e: Mammals ological recepontaminant ex

nation and quaossible prior toview existing

Trustees will c and/or generdance and age, as well as ec

may be from thdata gaps arehat will provi

AVIAN EXPOS

IORITY 1)

data on avianlevant sourcesor and design

ze habitats wiin those ecos

xposure to naantification. Ao undertaking, available darelevant locatdentify gaps a

involve a detaminant exposucies found in

data in a NRDvance, data qurest, and relevriate characte

NG MAMMALI

TUDY #18, P

data on mamfrom relevanas the need f

utilize habitators in those xposure to naantification. Ao undertaking, available da

utilize existinric literature te structure of cological charhe Assessmene identified, thide necessary

SURE, TOXIC

n exposure ans. This will inof subsequen

ithin and adjasystems. Undeatural resourceA cost-effectivg primary studata on avian extions. This revand inform po

ailed and rigoures, life histthe Assessm

DA context. Thuality, appropvance of endpristics, then th

IAN EXPOSUR

PRIORITY 1)

mmalian exposnt sources. Thfor and design

ats within andecosystems. U

atural resourceA cost-effectivg primary studata on exposur

ng data, publito establish lisalmon, sculpracteristics sunt Area, a refehe Elliott Bay

y data.

ITY, LIFE HIS

nd toxicity, lifnform assessmnt primary stu

acent to the Aerstanding thees is an essenve assessmendies. As suchxposure and tview will allootential prima

orous review otories, habitat ent Area, andhe Elliott Bay

priateness of spoints. If suffihe Elliott Bay

RE, TOXICITY

sure and toxichis will informn of subseque

d adjacent to tUnderstandines is an essenve assessmendies. As suchre and injury

icly availableife history pin, and Engl

uch as habitat erence area, oy Trustees ma

STORY, AND

fe history infoment of exposudies.

Assessment Are extent and

ntial component utilizes exis, it is prudenttoxicity withiow for more eary studies.

of available duse, and toxi

d specifically y Trustees wispatial and temicient high quy Trustees wi

Y, L IFE HIST

city, life histom an assessmeent primary stu

the Assessmenng the extent antial component utilizes exis, it is prudentto mammals.

54

e

lish sole use by

or other ay

HABITAT

ormation, sure and

rea and

ent of sting data t and in the efficient

data and icity

ll review mporal uality data ill

TORY,

ory ent of udies.

nt Area and ent of sting data t and . This

revpo

ApinfevinfcoexTr

RE

PR

Obiman

NeCEduan

Apinfdocoyeco(e.spa

RE

IN

Obaffpuincco

Neouthe

12 T

or

view will allootential primar

pproach: Thiformation relealuating the uformation for ntaminants ofist with the ap

rustees will co

EMEDIAL ACT

RIORITY 2)

bjective: Commpacts on the a

d type of rem

eed/RationalERCLA NRDuration, and md need for co

pproach: A tiformation. Lo

ocumented to mpleted, mant been implemnducted and a.g., timing, duatially and tem

ECREATION: R

FORMATION

bjective: Revfected recreat

ublic informatcluding fish ammunity info

eed/Rationalutdoor recreatie types and le

This study focuses o

r physical injury po

ow for more ery studies.

is study will ievant to mamuse of these d

species relevf interest, andppropriate chonsider wheth

TIVITIES: EVA

mpile informaaquatic habita

medial activitie

e: Impacts duDA regulationmagnitude of tompensation.

imeline of remocation, duratthe extent po

ny in-water remented. Thereanticipated reuration, area, mporally qua

REVIEW EXIS

(STUDY #20

view existing tional activitietion on and awand shellfish cormation sour

e: In order toional use loss

evels of poten

on the physical imp

ost-remedy will be

efficient analy

involve a detammalian speciedata in a NRDvance, data qud relevance ofharacteristics aher a primary

ALUATE IMPA

ation on remeat complex. Tes.12

ue to remedials (43 CFR §1

these activitie

medial activition, spatial exssible. While

emedial actionefore, the Elliemedial actiontype of remed

antify injury to

STING OUTDO

, PRIORITY

data and infoes in the Lowwareness of thconsumption rces.

understand thses, it is necesntially affected

pacts of remedial a

incorporated into

ysis of existin

ailed and rigoes within the

DA context. Thuality, relevanf endpoints. Iand in the arestudy is warr

ACTS OF REM

edial activitiesThis will inclu

l activities are11.15(a)(1)). Aes allows for a

ties will be dextent, and typ

e some remedins and uplandiott Bay Trustns and any indiation). Thiso relevant nat

OOR RECREA

1)

ormation on thwer Duwamishhe contaminaadvisories an

the potential mssary to reviewd recreational

actions. The poten

the injury assessm

ng data to iden

orous review oAssessment Ahe Elliott Baynce of spatial f sufficient hi

eas of interestranted.

MEDIAL ACTIV

s and evaluateude timing, lo

e compensatoAs such, undea complete qu

eveloped basepe of remediaial actions in d source contrtees will revieformation rels information tural resource

ATIONAL USE

he types and lh River througation in the Lond guidelines,

magnitude, exw existing dal activity in th

ntial injury resultin

ments for individual

ntify gaps and

of available dArea, specificy Trustees wiand temporal

igh quality dat, then the Ell

VITIES (STUD

e the severityocation, spatia

ory under the erstanding theuantification o

ed on existingl actions will the Site haverol actions haew previouslylated to those may be used

es.

DATA AND

levels of potegh time. Reviower Duwamnews reports

xtent, and durata and informhe Assessmen

g from residual co

l resources.

55

d inform

data and cally ll review l extent, ata do not iott Bay

DY #19,

y of al extent,

e extent, of injury

g be

e been ave not y actions to

entially iew ish River,

s, and

ration of mation on nt Area

ntamination

thrprivaavide

Apanmarevassvanato Dethebe

RE

INT

PR

ObSitrolbe

Nederecuseass

ApocefffocDuorginf(e.mofrabeNRon

rough time. Aior to undertalue of lost recailable data. Tentify gaps an

pproach: Thed type of recray be affectedview fish andsessments, neluation literatture, potentiathe Lower Du

epending on te Elliott Bay Tnefit transfer

ECREATION: P

TERVIEWS, F

RIORITY 3)

bjective: Refte-related conle of consumphavior.

eed/Rationaltermine that acreational usee/avoidance isess lost recre

pproach: Shocurred and thfort will be incus groups touwamish Riveganizations) aformation abo.g., substitutinoderated, andamework for e considered aRDA and othene or more com

A cost-effectivaking primarycreational useThis review wnd inform prim

e Elliott Bay Treational activd by public awd shellfish conews reports, cture, and otheal value and duwamish Rivthe results of tTrustees mayestimate of th

PRIMARY STU

FOCUS GROU

fine the Elliottntamination onption advisori

e: Based on tadditional prie losses is appin the presenceational use d

ould the resulhat informationitiated. The f gain specificer. Interviewsand focus groout current pang to alternati

d brief surveyseliciting respo

along with simer existing damprehensive

ve assessmenty studies, or toe. As such, it iwill allow for mary studies.

Trustees will vities conductwareness of thnsumption advommunity inf

er informationduration of anyver and correspthis study, an

y implement ohe value of lo

UDIES OF OU

PS, AND SUR

t Bay Trusteen outdoor recies and contam

the results of mary data co

propriate. Infoce of contamindamages.

ts of Study #2on can feasiblyfirst phase wilc feedback ons with key infoups with recratterns of recrive locations)s will be distronses. The re

milar informatata to determinuse and valua

t utilizes exiso complete a bis prudent andmore efficien

use existing ted within thehe contaminavisories and gformation resn sources to ey human use ponding chan

nd/or if this efone or more post recreationa

UTDOOR REC

RVEYS (STUD

es’ understandcreational usemination on r

Study #20, thllection regarormation on onation may b

20 indicate thy be collectedll involve org

n outdoor recrformants (e.g.reationists wilreational use a) due to contaributed to partesults of thesetion collectedne if the Ellioation surveys

sting data to thbenefit transfd necessary tont analysis of

information te Assessment

ation. The Elliguidelines, husources, relevestablish the gadvisories tha

nges in recreaffort reveals sprimary studieal use.

REATIONAL U

DY #21, PRIO

ding of and que of the Assesrecreationist s

he Elliott Bayrding the poteoutdoor recreae necessary to

hat sufficient d for a reasonganization andreational use o., heads of fisll be conducteand potential amination. Thrticipants to pre interviews and during earlieott Bay Truste(e.g., reveale

he extent posfer estimate oo review exis

f existing data

to identify thet Area and howiott Bay Trustuman health rvant recreationgeographic exat have been

ational behavisubstantial dates, or complet

USE THROUG

ORITY 2; STU

uantify the efsment Area asite choice an

y Trustees mayential extent oation site choo quantify inj

losses may hanable cost, a pd implementaon the Lowershing clubs ored to collect behavioral im

he focus grouprovide a standnd focus grouer phases of thees should imed and/or state

56

sible f the

sting, a to

e level w they tees will

risk nal trip

xtent, applied ior. ta gaps, te a

GH

UDY #22,

ffects of and the nd

y of outdoor oice and jury and

ave phased ation of r r paddling

mpacts ps will be dardized ups will he

mplement ed

preEllfea

TR

NA

Obin cu

NetribgeserfreranquThlossub

Aptharesmarevgameresnaof thefouressupco

5.

Seanwi

If tbePI

eference). Anliott Bay Trusatures consist

RIBAL LOSS:

ATURAL RESO

bjective: Docthe Assessmeltural signific

eed/Rationalbal members’neral public. rvices provideequency and/onge of service

uality or interrhis evaluationsses of naturabsequent rest

pproach: Theat describes trsources. This anagers, and oview, the Ellips. For exampembers to ascsources. Thestural resourcetribal membe

en develop naund within thsources imporpport decisionmpensatory r

4 SHARIN

ection 11.31(ad schedules fith any identif

the Elliott Ba developed inand will be m

ny comprehenstees using antent with requ

ASSESS CHA

OURCES AS A

cument the reent Area, noticance, and eva

e: The cultura’ way of life iTherefore, it ed by Assessmor location) des to tribal corupted by the n will ensure tal resource seroration plann

e Elliott Bay Tribal servicesincludes repo

other informaott Bay Trustple, additiona

certain the hisse interviews wes that are impers, in terms oarratives that he Assessmentrtant to tribal n-making regrestoration for

NG DATA, SPL

a)(4) of 43 CFfor sharing dafied potentiall

ay Trustees dento a full Quamade availabl

nsive use and n appropriateuirements of th

NGES IN THE

RESULT OF

lationship beting that tribesaluate change

al significancin a manner this necessary tment Area res

due to Site-relmmunities. Tpresence of c

that the Elliotrvices of conc

ning process.

Trustees will , uses, and vaorts, interviewation (e.g., histees will idental interviews torical and cuwill identify tportant to theof both use andescribe tribat Area, providcommunities

garding the scr lost tribal se

LIT SAMPLES

FR states that,ata, split samply responsible

etermine that ality Assurancle to the publi

valuation sursample frame

the NRDA reg

E TRIBAL TRU

COCS (STUD

tween the Tris may value nes in resource

ce of certain nhat is distinctto further undsources, incluated contamin

These servicescontaminants tt Bay Trusteecern in both th

first compilealues associatws with tribalstory, culture)tify additionacould be condurrent uses (othe nature and

e health, welfand non-use seal members’ rding a more cs. This informcale and scopeervices.

S, AND ANALY

, “The Assessples, and resule parties and

a study shoulce Project Plaic. These QAP

rveys will be e, sample mogulations (43

USTEE SERVI

DY #23, PRIO

ibal Trustees natural resource use as a resu

natural resourtly separate frderstand the cuding resourcnants. Naturas may have bereleased into

es are able to he injury asse

e and review eed with Asse

l members and). Building onal informationducted with a

or desired usesd extent of se

fare, economyervices. The Trelationship tocomplete pictumation ultimate of potential

YTICAL RESU

sment Plan shlts of analyseother natural

ld be impleman (QAPP) in PPs will inclu

implementedode, and other

CFR §11.83)

ICES PROVID

ORITY 1)

and natural reces differentl

ult of contami

rces is uniquerom the non-tchanges in tribce use (e.g., chal resources preen diminishe

o the Assessmaccount for tr

essment and

existing informssment Area d natural reson this informan sources to fia variety of tris) of Assessmervices providy, tradition, anTribal Trusteeo natural resoure of the nattely will be usprimary and

ULTS

hall contain pres, when reque

resource trus

mented, that stucollaborationude study obj

57

d by the r design ).

ED BY

esources y due to ination.

ly tied to tribal bal hanges in rovide a ed in

ment Area. ribal

rmation

ource ation ill data ibal

ment Area ded by nd culture es will ources tural sed to

rocedures ested, stees.”

udy will n with a ectives,

apthe

5.

ThreqquTrinvdanedoliminjregresSeinf

ThstuPI abinvapdeunNRthege

AspespeendeTrissacc

In

proaches for e public, and

5 QUALIT

he CERCLA Nquirements lis

uality control rustees recognvolved in accota. The colleccessary to per

ocument the omitations mayjury are accurgarding the tysource injurieervice guidelinformation dev

his Injury Assudies that genfor each studout quality asvestigator, anplication of thveloped by F

nder the auspiRDA. For newe Elliott Bay Tneral principl

s stated by EPrformed and tecific data-gatail a variety velop a single

rustees will ensues. The discceptable QAP

general, a stu

The stud

The inteappropri

sharing and pconditions an

TY ASSURANC

NRDA regulasted in the Naand quality as

nize the imporomplishing thction, compilarform the assrigin and qua

y be identifiedrate. This assiype and scale es. Also relevanes establisheveloped and u

sessment Plannerate new infdy will carefussurance (QA

nd any data quhe data. This ederal and staces of other aw studies thatTrustees will les described

PA (2001), QAthe intended u

athering needsof widely dife, detailed QAnsure that indcussion in thisPP.

udy-specific Q

dy’s technical

ended measuriate for achiev

publishing datnd procedures

CE

ations requireational Continssurance planrtance of datahe NRDA thaation, evaluatessment. The

ality of the datd; and assessmists the Elliottof restorationant to this effed under the Iused in this N

n includes studformation. Wi

ully documentA)/quality contualifiers or othapproach wilate agencies, activities or prt are specificadevelop apprbelow.

APPs will “vause of the dats of a particul

fferent data-gaAPP to cover ividual study s document th

QAPP must p

l and quality o

ements, data ving study ob

ta and analytis for sharing s

e that trusteesngency Plan ans” (43 CFR §a quality, giveat ultimately rtion, and repoe Elliott Bay Tata used to maments of the st Bay Trusteen actions necefort are the NOInformation Q

NRDA will com

dies that evalith respect to t the source(s)trol (QC) proher informatioll also be appltribes, academrograms that ally undertakeropriate study

ary accordingta” and as suclar project (40athering efforall these acti

y QAPPs adeqherefore focus

provide suffici

objectives are

generation, objectives;

ical results wisplit samples

develop a QAand applicable§11.31(c)(2))en the many mrequire the usorting of envirTrustees mustake decisions severity, locates in making aessary to comOAA and U.S

Quality Act ofmply with the

luate existing the evaluatio

) of all data, aocedures usedon informinglied to new damics, and infowill be used i

en to support y-specific QA

g to the naturech, need to be0 CFR §300.5rts; therefore,ivities. Insteadquately addresses on the req

ient detail to

e identified an

or data acquisi

ith relevant pwith PRPs.

APP that “sate EPA guidan. The Elliott Bmanagement de of environmronmental datt therefore proso that data

tion, and exteappropriate d

mpensate for nS. Fish and Wf 2001. All ese guidelines

datasets as won of existing available info

d by the origing appropriate ata and analyormation devin developingthe NRDA pr

APPs accordin

e of the work e tailored to m5). The NRDA, it is not apprd, the Elliott Bss project-spequired elemen

demonstrate t

nd agreed upo

ition methods

58

parties and

tisfies the nce for Bay decisions

mental ta are operly

ent of ecisions

natural Wildlife

s.

well as data, the

ormation nal

yses eloped

g the rocess,

ng to the

being match the A will ropriate to Bay ecific QA nts of an

that:

on;

s are

Acele

5.

EfincUnspeauIndeacQA

EX

Assessmquality n

Any lim2001).

ccordingly, stements called

Project Mparticipaplanning

Data Geimplemecollectiodocumen

Effectivimpleme

Data Vadata coll

6 STUDY

ffective implecludes carefulnambiguous pecific areas othority, whichdividual and och person’s roAPP. Exhibit

XHIBIT 5-2

ment procedurneeded and ex

mitations on th

tudy-specific d for by EPA:

Management ants understang outputs hav

eneration and entation incluon or generatinted and emp

veness Assessmentation of th

alidation and Ulection or gen

MANAGEMEN

ementation of lly defining thpersonnel struf responsibilih is importantorganizationaole and respot 5-2 presents

PERSONNEL

res are sufficixpected are ob

he use of the d

QAPPs devel

documentsnd the goal(s)e been docum

Acquisition uding methodsion, data comployed;

ment and Ovee study and a

Usability adneration phase

NT

f study objectihe roles and r

uctures help eity, as well ast for decision

al roles and rensibility shou a generic per

L PLAN

ient for confirbtained; and

data can be id

loped for this

s that the stud) and the appr

mented;

ensures thats for samplin

mpiling/handlin

ersight asseassociated QA

ddresses the Qe of the study

ives requires responsibilitieensure that eacs clarifying inn-making purpesponsibilitiesuld be clearlyrsonnel plan f

rming that dat

dentified and d

s assessment w

dy has a defineroach to be us

t all aspects ong, measuremeng, and QC a

esses the effecA and QC acti

QA activities y is completed

clear study ores of each stuch individual

nternal lines oposes as studis may vary by

y described in for a NRDA s

ta of the type

documented (

will include th

ed goal(s), thsed, and that

of study desigent and analy

activities are

ctiveness of thivities; and,

that occur aftd.

rganization, wudy participan

is aware of hf communicaies progress. y study or taskthe study-spe

study.

59

and

(EPA

he four

hat the the

gn and ysis, data

he

fter the

which nt. his or her ation and

k, but ecific

ThtheforNRCo

ThcoareQAovsecindAs

StuEareqdoCo

Thcois rspeanalspro

5.

Alin Thge

he Assessmene review and r ensuring thaRDA. The Asoordinator and

he QA Coordinsultation wie not limited tAPPs; conducverall plans; arcure and accedependence, tssessment Ma

udy-specific Pach PI has thequirements ar

ocument theseoordinator.

he Field Teamllection, fieldresponsible foecific QAPP.d documentinso be the Fieldotocols in the

7 DATA G

ll studies undesupport of th

hese QAPPs wnerally includ

Study ob

Rational

Propose(or refergenerati

Types an

Analyse

Samplin

nt Manager is acceptance ofat the study’s ssessment Mad oversees the

inator overseeth the Elliott to: reviewingcting audits anrchiving samp

essible form; athe person seranager or as a

PIs oversee the responsibilitre met. If devie deviations an

m Leader suped observationsfor ensuring co Similarly, th

ng the qualityd Team Lead

e field.

GENERATION

er the directioe NRDA will

will be submitde:

bjectives;

le for generat

d method(s) frences to) stanng methods a

nd numbers o

es to be perfor

ng locations an

the designatef the study-spgoals and des

anager coordine PI for the st

es the overall Bay Trustees

g and assistingnd ensuring imples, data, anand reportingrving as QA C

a PI for any N

he design andty to ensure thiations from tnd report them

ervises day-tos, and field mompliance wi

he Laboratoryy of laboratoryder) is respons

AND ACQUIS

on of the Elliol have a prepatted to, and ap

ting or acquiri

for generatingndard operatinand analytical

of samples req

rmed;

nd frequencie

ed Trustee reppecific plan. Tsign will meenates efforts wtudy.

conduct of ths, this individug the PI with tmplementatio

nd all documeng to the ElliottCoordinator w

NRDA study.

d implementathat all health,the QAPP occm to the Asse

o-day field invmeasurements.

ith all field Qy Project Many work. The Hsible for ensur

SITION

ott Bay Trusteared QAPP prpproved by, t

ing the data;

g or acquiringng procedurel methods;

quired;

es;

presentative wThis individuaet the broaderwith the Qual

he quality sysual’s responsthe developmon of both stuntation suppot Bay Trusteewill not serve

tion of particu safety, and rcur, the PI (oressment Mana

vestigations, i. The Field Te

QA proceduresnager is responHealth and Saring adherenc

ees that are sprior to the initthe QA Coord

g the data, inces for all samp

with responsibal is also respr requirementslity Assuranc

stem. Appointibilities inclu

ment of study-udy-specific aorting the dataes. To ensure

either as the

ular NRDA strelevant QA r his/her desigager and the Q

including sameam Leader gs defined in thnsible for moafety Officer (ce to specified

pecifically untiation of anydinator or des

cluding descripling or data-

60

bility for ponsible s of this e

ted in ude, but -specific and a in a

tudies.

gnee) will QA

mple generally he study-nitoring (who may d safety

ndertaken y work. signee and

iptions of

In labinscorecfroch

5.

Towideevda

If, codawoa wcoQA

5.

In wianreqwiVa

Sample

Chain-o

Data quacomplet

Descriptrequirem

Descriptanalyses

Split samresidual

addition, to tboratory practstrument inspmponents, ascords relatingom each studyain of custody

8 EFFECT

o ensure that till review QAsignee will alaluations of ota quality and

in the profesmpromise in ta, the QA Coorking days owritten reportnsult with theA Coordinato

9 DATA V

addition to thill be consideralytical data cquirements foill use the studalidation (EPA

handling and

f-custody pro

ality requiremteness, represe

tion of the proments;

tion of the ints; and

mple protocols.

the extent pratices. This inc

pections, and a well as the c

g to these exery will includey records, and

TIVENESS AS

the QAPP forAPPs for all Trlso audit all suoperations) asd adequacy of

sional opiniothe quality ofoordinator haf this directio

t describing the Elliott Bay T

or’s report.

VALIDATION A

he assessmentred for validacan assist the or precision andy-specific plA 2002).

d storage proc

ocedures;

ments (for instentativeness,

ocedures to b

terpretation te

ls and proced

cticable, labocludes descripacceptance te

calibration of rcises. Docume field logs ford other QA/Q

SESSMENT A

r each project rustee studiesuch studies. As well as scrutf documentati

n of the QA Cf the collectios the authorit

on, the QA Cohe necessity fTrustees rega

AND USABILI

t and oversighation by an ind

analyst or annd accuracy. lans and EPA

cedures;

tance, with recomparabilit

be used in dete

echniques to b

dures for archi

oratories will bptions and do

esting of instrusuch equipme

mentation to br the collectio

QC documenta

AND OVERSIG

t is implements that generateAudits will intinizing data aion).

Coordinator, ton, generationty to stop woroordinator wifor this directiarding measur

TY

ht activities ddependent thi

nalytical faciliIf undertaken

A Guidance on

espect to precty, and sensiti

ermining if th

be used, inclu

iving samples

be required toocumentation uments, equipent and the mbe included won or generatiation, as appl

GHT

ted effectivele data. The Q

nclude technicand reports (e

the results of n, analysis, orrk by oral direill submit to thion. The Asseres to be taken

described prevird party. Proity in developn, it is expecten Environmen

cision, accuracivity);

he data meet t

uding statistic

s and manage

o comply withof maintenan

pment, and thmaintenance owith the final rion of the samlicable.

ly, the QA CoQA Coordinatocal system aude.g., evaluatio

f an audit indir interpretatioection. Withinhe Elliott Bayessment Manan in response

viously, analympt validatio

ping data thated that data vntal Verificati

61

cy,

these

cal

ement of

h good nce, heir f all report(s) mples,

oordinator or or dits (e.g., ons of

icate a on of the n two y Trustees ager will to the

ytical data on of t meet the validation ion and

RE

Ad

AE

Ar

Ba

Ba

Bl

Bo

EFERENCE

dolfson Associnventory: Planning a

ECOM. 2012Volume I –Port of SeaAECOM fWashingto

rkoosh M.R., Varanasi. 1tshawytschTransactio

atker, D., BarcEcosystemGreen/DuwSteering CWater and GovernmeEnvironme

attelle (BattellEnvironmeNatural ReEcosystemIslands (WResources.

omberg, G., Chabitat oveMeeting onAuthority,

oeing. 2015. Bhttp://www2F3XC5M

S

ciates. 2009. TRiparian corr

and Sustainab

. Final Feasib– Main Text, attle/City of Sfor submittal ton State Depa

E. Casillas, P1998. Increasha) from a conons of the Ame

clay, E., Boumm services enhwamish and C

Committee andLand Resour

ents through thental Exchang

le Marine Sciental Associatesources. 200

m: Eastern ShoWRIAs 8 and 9

.

C. Simenstader the past 125n Puget SounSeattle, Was

Boeing Plant w.boeingimag

M2BAZ.html.

The River Plaridors and wiility. Recomm

bility Study LTables, and F

Seattle/King Cto the U.S. Enartment of Eco

P. Huffman, Esed susceptibintaminated eserican Fisher

mans, R., Hathanced by salmCentral Puget d King Countrces Division.he King Consge.

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anges in Duwn: Proceedinguget Sound W

at: lant-I,-Seattle15).

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ay Seattle, Wah Waterway Gany. Prepared

Agency and th

. Stein, and Ualmon (Oncorio anguillaru

haw, D., Liu,in the ed for WRIA Resources andershed Forumd by Asia Pac

ntal, Striplin County Depa

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wamish River gs of the First Water Quality

e-1938-

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, S. 2005.

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Co

De

DO

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onsent DecreeMunicipali1991). Ava

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onsent DecreeCV-10-758http://www

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nt screen – Loat:

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mospheric Adntal Impact SDuwamish-G

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on Survey of tuget Sound R

986 Data RecSystem. Pre

T. Hom, D.AStein. 1993. C

nile chinook s

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Northwest Ant

dard Oil plantsingleitem/col

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mish River. Ell

lowerduwami_River._Elliot

Restoration Ple National Ocwer Duwamis

uary Intergovem: An overvieton.

wolny, G. YlitChinook salmre, and offshodlife. October

he Role of Pugof Pacific Sa343-364. Dec

the SuquamisRegion. Fisher

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A. Misitano, DContaminant salmon (Onco

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thropological

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, National Ma10 Salmon an

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liott Bay Trus

ishriver/pdf/Ft_Bay_Truste

an and Prograceanic and h River Natu

ernmental Polew of Tribal, s

talo, L. Johnsmon (Oncorhyore habitats of.

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sh Indian Tribries Departme

itigation Progunicipality of

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l Research

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ha) from urbaerce, NationalService, North

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shington Stateh Waterway Sssue Collectedr 2004, Seattler Toxic Subst

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8. Fish Consuww.doh.wa.gov

March 14, 20

ndward Envirnvestigation rAgency, The

an and nonurbl Oceanic andhwest Fisherie

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e DepartmentSite: Updated d from the Loe, Washingtotances and Di

v/portals/1/Do

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lable at: ment/Food/Fi

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PPENDIX A

he Trustee Coatural Resourceview dated Ju

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omment 1. Wd ongoing an

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Responwill accthroughto makedevelopphases

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A: RESPON

ouncil receivece Damage Auly 2018. Res

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What is the timnd proposed st

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nse 2. A claimcount for resoh earlier settlee this adjustmp a means to ato prevent do

Section 3.3.1 (ways from kne?

nse 3. The Trle informatioDuwamish R

ces. For examdata and modtoric disposalwater (e.g., th

minant holdingwater can the

NSE TO PU

d five sets of Assessment: Insponses to tho

ANY

me frame for tudies?

rustee Councitely three yea

oration projec damage (NR

m for damageolution of partements. A fin

ment has not baddress recovouble counting

(Pathway). Hnown releases

rustees will ren to indicate

River likely comple, there aredels indicatinl activities canhrough infiltrag ponds, and sen enter the L

UBLIC COM

f comments onnjury Assessmose comment

implementati

il expects thatars to complet

cts implementRD) liability b

es to compenstial liability fal determinat

been made, buveries from seg of liability.

How will the Ts of a hazardo

eview remediwhether past

ontributed to ee numerous d

ng that pathwan directly conation from unsurface activiower Duwam

MMENTS

n the Lower Dment Plan Fints are included

ion of the Inju

at the actions dte.

ted by partiesbe accounted

sate for injuryfor injury thattion of the “unut the Trusteeettlements neg

Trustees estabous substance

ial, source conreleases from

exposure and documented reays are complntaminate soilnderground stties). Contam

mish River thr

Duwamish Rinal Draft for Pd in this Appe

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described in t

s that have alrfor in the dam

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ntrol, and othm facilities ne

injury to natueleases to the lete. Spills, stls in upland atorage tanks,

minated soils arough stormw

A-1

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the plan

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mish River. Twater, surfacetrations to knng tidal flux, nt deposition tural resourceays between soented and sum

ay reports.

Section 3.3.2 (sing to do to eused to determill be used in

nse 4. Specifed can be founr ecological i

uctive output habitat. All avTrustees will ted by studies

Section 3.3.3 (lt in improvedsign (e.g., sub

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or should be inavoided.

nse 5. The Trve ecological cical receptorss of past and pining past inju

ng informationgs in quantifyi

und seeps, or nsport of upla

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nown sources surface water(for examples using the rivources and na

mmarized in t

(Injury to Natevaluate if injmine injury fthis determin

fic studies andnd in Section injury has occin key naturavailable histobe used in th

s described in

(Injury Caused baseline conbstrate improso consider beore detail as toncluded in th

rustees are awconditions in . An evaluatioplanned respoury, recoveryn would be ining extent and

subaqueous pand contaminnd contributiourface water aof contaminanor sediment, tof those contr runoff patte

e) can indicatever are compatural resourcthe Report of

tural Resourcjury to naturafor an ecosystnation? What

d approaches 5 of the plan

curred includeal resource sperical data tha

his determinatn Section 5 an

ed by Remedinditions if habvement or incenefits that coo how the inju

he IAP as well

ware that the rthe river by aon of the timionse actions w

y times, and funtegrated withd duration of

pore water panants along suons from otheand sediment ints of concernthe proximitytaminants, anderns, sedimente that pathwa

plete. The detces are compleAssessment,

ces). What speal resources hatem, habitat, onew data wou

for determinin. The metricse alterations iecies using th

at meet qualitytion. New datnd other inform

ial Actions). Rbitat elementcreased shalloould be generury caused byl as how “dou

remedial actioaddressing rising and specifwill also assisuture injury trh other injuryinjury. Habit

athways. Direcub-surface char pathways (sin the Lower n in samples o

y of elevated d informationt transport, an

ays between stermination thete will be as well as in

ecifically are as occurred? or resource? Wuld be used?

ing whether ins for determinin growth, surhe Lower Duwy standards esta will includmation availa

Remedial actis are incorporow water habrated by remey remedial actuble counting

ons are intendsk to humans fic disturbancst Trustees in rajectories, an

y determinatiotat improvem

A-2

ct annels or soil,

of soil,

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bitat). As dial tions will

g” of this

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13 A

incorponatural

omment 6. Secifically wiltermine recre used to deter

Responbe estimrecent treach reobservathe site actions period thabitat areas wremediaexpecteDamagagencie

Specificphased review informadeveloppreferenTrusteeapproprregulatilikely bneeded

The speethnogrequivalassist thor other

Also known as Natu

orated into remresources.

Section 4 (Injul the recovery

eational lossesrmine lost ser

nse 6. Depenmated using atrends in surfaemedial goalsations of injurEcological Rare expected

to reach remecomplex and

with relativelyal sampling ined, the Trustee Assessment

es.

c methods to approach. Foof existing in

ants and focup specific quences in the A

es will determriate. If so, onions (e.g., revbe applied to d.

ecific methodraphic protocolency analysehe Trustees inr compensatio

ral Resource Dama

medial action

ury Quantificy period be ess and tribal lorvices?

nding on the fiavailable inforace sediment s (estimated bry in Trustee

Risk Assessmed to reduce injedial goals mad specific natuy low current sndicates that mes’ estimatedt (NRDA13) c

assess recreaor recreationanformation. Ps groups with

estions and elissessment Ar

mine whether fne of the survvealed preferedetermine los

ds to determinols, stated pres. These appr

n determiningon.

age Assessment and

ns would be ex

ation and Damstimated? Whosses? How w

findings of injrmation and aconcentration

by remedial anstudies appeaents and othejurious conditay represent tural resourcessediment conmonitored na

d recovery timould be longe

ational losses al losses, Partart 2 will invo

h recreationisticit feedback rea. Based onfurther evalua

vey-based metence or statedst recreational

ne tribal losseeference and roaches directg the type and

d Restoration (NRD

xpected to sp

mage Determhat specific mwill the results

jury studies, ranalyses, incluns and projecnd source conar to be consier remedial stutions over timthe recovery ts. However, intaminant conatural recoveryme for purposeer than that es

will be determt 1 will consisolve interviewts, for which regarding rec

n the results ofation of recrethods listed in

d preference; 4l services and

s may includeother survey-tly describe tr

d quantity of a

DAR).

eed recovery

mination). Howmethods will b

s of these asse

recovery periouding historic

cted time periontrol agenciesstent with finudies, and rem

me, the projecttime for the aif injury is obncentrations, oy is slower thes of Natural stimated by re

mined by appst of a comprews with key the Trustees wcreational usef Parts 1 and ational loss isn the CERCL43 CFR §11.8d compensatio

e anthropolog-based techniqribal losses anappropriate re

A-3

of

w be used to essments

ods will cal and ods to s). If

ndings of medial ted time

aquatic bserved in or if han Resource

emedial

plying a ehensive

will e and 2, the s

LA NRDA 83) will on

gical and ques, or nd will estoration

CoApande

CoApthe

omment 7. Spproach). Whd quantified?termined (i.e.

Responincluderesourcassess aand 5 o

A claimfor resosettlemat the tiseverall

To deteaquaticof habitnatural projectsas thoseThis coBecausthe samrestorathabitat restorat

omment 8. Spproach). Howe site? How w

Responcompleas a uniinformathe damdetermiequivalindicatoeach of

Section 4.1 (Ehat metrics wi? How will inj., what metho

nse 7. The me alterations ince species usinand quantify iof the IAP.

m for damagesolution of part

ments. Parties ime of complly liable for a

ermine the dam habitat comptat needed to resources. Th

s to each of a e used to quan

omparison wile many of the

me habitat typetion by the sptype(s). The

tion.

Section 4.1 (Ew will the inju

will overlap be

nse 8. The Trex, and aquatiified system. ation on the e

mages requireine the types lent quantity oors. The Trusf a series of in

Ecological Injuill be used to qjury be allocaods will be us

etrics for deten growth, survng the Lower injury using a

s to compensatial liability fthat have notetion of the N

all damages in

mages requireplex, the Trusgenerate in th

he Trustees wseries of indi

ntify injury (ell inform the se potentially ie, the Trustee

pecies requirinTrustees will

Ecological Injuury for each se accounted f

rustees intendc life and wilEvaluations o

extent and degd to compensand quantity of the injuredtees will quan

ndicator speci

ury Quantificquantify injur

ated to individed)?

ermining whevival, or repro

r Duwamish Rapproaches an

ate for injury for injury thatt resolved liab

NRDA claim pncluded in the

ed to compenstees intend tohe future an e

will quantify bicator speciese.g., productivscale of requiinjured indicaes will determng the largest calculate dam

ury Quantificspecies be comfor?

d to quantify ildlife that exisof each indicagree of injurysate for those of habitat nee

d natural resountify benefits ies over time

cation and Dary? How willdual PRPs? H

ether ecologicoductive outp

River habitat. nd methods d

to natural rest has been addbility for injupotentially we claim.

nsate for ecoloo determine thequivalent quabenefits of habs over time usvity of fish peired compensator species u

mine the total t area of restomages as the

cation and Dambined into a

injury to the ast within it anator species w

y. To assess ininjuries, the T

eded to generurces, using k of habitat resusing the sam

amage Determl injury be ass

How will dama

cal injury has put to key natThe Trusteesescribed in Se

sources will adressed througry to natural r

will be jointly

ogical injuriehe types and qantity of the ibitat restoratising the sameer area over ti

satory restoratutilize or benequantity of reration of the pcost to implem

amage Determan overall inju

aquatic habitand/or depend will provide njuries and deTrustees intenrate in the futukey species asstoration proj

me metrics as

A-4

mination sessed ages be

occurred tural s will ections 4

account gh earlier resources and

s to the quantity injured ion e metrics ime). tion. efit from equired preferred ment that

mination ury for

at upon it,

etermine nd to ure an s ects to those

CoAp

CoDerecad

Coexwide

used to comparmany ohabitat the spec

omment 9. Spproach). How

Responcompenresourclosses wrestoratpreferreeach sp

A claimaccountthroughto makemeans tprevent

omment 10. etermination Acreational useditional evalu

Responthrough(QAPPwhetheAssessmTrusteeopportu

omment 11. ample methoill the chosen termined? Ho

quantify injurison will infoof the potentiatype(s), the tocies requiring

Section 4.1 (Ew will the Tru

nse 9. Habitansate for injurces within andwill provide btion based on ed habitat typ

pecies), the Tr

m for damagest for partial reh earlier settlee this adjustmto address rect double coun

Section 4.2 (RApproach). Pe loss assessmuation is deem

nse 10. Addith study-specifs). These studr individual sment Plan subes will providunities.

Section 4.3 (Tds will be usemethod invo

ow will result

ury (e.g., prodorm the scale ally injured inotal quantum g the largest a

Ecological Injuustees ensure

at restoration pry to the aquad dependent obenefits to mu

the species rpe(s) (as opporustees will av

s to compensaesolution of liements. A fin

ment has not bcoveries fromnting of liabili

Recreational lease provide

ment and detaimed appropria

tional details fic plans and dy plans will studies constitbject to publice sufficient n

Tribal Loss Qed by the Trulve? For examts from combi

ductivity of fiof required c

ndicator specim of required rarea(s) of rest

ury Quantificthat no “doub

proposed by tatic habitat coon that compleultiple speciesequiring the l

osed to addingvoid double-c

ate for injury iability for injal determinat

been made, bum settlements nity.

Use Injury Qe more detailsils of the survate.

of survey basassociated Qube made pubtute a significc comment (4

notification to

Quantificationustees to quantmple, how wiined methods

ish per area ovcompensatoryies utilize or brestoration wioration of pre

cation and Dable counting”

the Trustees iomplex, includex. Restoratis. By selectinlargest area og amounts of counting for i

to natural resnjury that has tion of the “unut the Trusteenegotiated du

Quantification s on what is pvey-based me

sed methods wuality Assuralic and the Tr

cant modifica43 CFR §§11. the public in

n Approach). tify Tribal losill changes in s be used to d

ver time). Thiy restoration. Bbenefit from till be determineferred habita

amage Determ” of losses occ

is intended toding injured nion to compenng the amounf restoration orestoration neinjuries.

sources will abeen addressnit of measur

es will developuring earlier p

and Damageproposed for ththods in case

will be providance Project Prustees will d

ation to the Inj.32(c) & (e)).

n advance of th

Which of thess? What spectribal serviceetermine loss

A-5

is Because the same ned by at type(s).

mination curs?

o natural nsate for

nt of of the eeded for

also ed e” used p a

phases to

e he

ded Plans etermine jury The hese

ese cifically es be s?

Coforco

Cofor

Comebostuhig

ResponinjuriesAdditiospecificstudy pindividuPlan su(e)). Ththese op

omment 12. r baseline detnditions?

ResponspecificlocationpresencevaluatcontribuArea. Ifresourcfor the selectio

omment 13. rward? How w

Responunder ththe Truscientisunder csubset ointerestthe Tru

omment 14. eeting (data g

ottom-dwellinudy of fish anghest priority

nse 11. The ss to natural reonal details ofc plans and asplans will be mual studies co

uch that additihe Trustees wpportunities.

Section 4.5 (Btermination? H

nse 12. The cc injury studiens that differ ce of contamintions may be nuting to adverf other factors

ce at the referepresence of e

on of the refer

Who will impwill the Princ

nse 13. Studihe oversight o

ustees and wilsts and expertcontract to Truof studies wilted parties to ustees.

Are the studigaps summaryng [e.g., Englind contaminan

studies for m

starting point sources and ef specific tribassociated Quamade public aonstitute a sigional public c

will provide su

Baseline). WhHow will refe

characterizatioes that are proas little as ponation (43 CFneeded to undrse effects to s are accounteence locationelevated contarence location

plement and pcipal Investiga

ies described of the Trusteel likely includ

ts from academustee agenciell be opened tfund certain s

ies (section 5)y of sediment sh sole] colle

nts of concernmoving forwar

for quantifyinevaluation of al loss studiesality Assurancand the Trustegnificant modicomment is apufficient notif

hat are the reerence areas b

on of baselineoposed by selossible from thFR §11.72(d)derstand whetnatural resoued for, condit

ns will be consamination conns may theref

plan the studiators be deter

in the IAP wies. Principal de a combinamic institutio

es on behalf oto cooperativestudies condu

) that were dichemistry, in

ection for assen, and injury ard?

ng tribal loss the services ts will be provce Project Plaees will determification to thppropriate (43fication to the

ference locatibe used to det

e conditions wlecting approphe Assessmen). Additional ther other fac

urces observedtions of the spsidered to repncentrations (fore vary by n

ies (section 5)rmined?

ill be plannedInvestigators

ation of Trusteons or consultof the Trustee e assessment,ucted by inves

scussed durinn situ forage fessment of toxassessment fo

is determininthey provide. vided throughans (QAPPs). mine whetherhe Injury Asse3 CFR §§11.3 public in adv

ions that will termine basel

will occur witpriate referennt Area, excepstudies and

ctors could bed in the Assepecific naturapresent condit(baseline). Thnatural resour

) that will mo

d and implems will be selecee agency stating firms engCouncil. How which will astigators selec

ng the April 1fish [e.g., sculxicity, laboraor recreationa

A-6

ng

h study-These

r essment 32(c) & vance of

be used ine

thin the nce pt for the

e ssment

al tions but

he rce.

ove

ented cted by ff

gaged wever, a

allow cted by

6, 2018 lpin] and

atory al use) the

Cointev

SE

CostuetcRemeouAc

Counmoselou

Responamong priority

omment 15. tegrated into taluations?

Respon(some rinjuriesavailabthat natstudies trajectointegratextent aobservereleasesongoingassessmAssessmcomple§11.81(report wand ideTrustee

ATTLE IRON

omment 16. Oudies to allowc.). Without thesponsible Paethodologies

utlined in the Cct Natural Res

omment 16a.nderstanding oodeling they alect one or mo

ut what studie

nse 14. The sthe highest p

y studies descr

How will thethe injury det

nse 15. Someresources mays will include le relevant intural resourceare intended

ories (for examte resulting inand duration oed injuries ans of hazardoug releases. On

ment reports sment Phase, tetion of the inj(d)(1)) describwill provide inentify the costes.

AND METALS

Overall, the IAw meaningful

his informatiorties (“PRPs”are needed, uComprehensisources Dama

. The IAP woof the baselineare relying onore reference s are necessar

studies mentioriority studiesribed in Secti

e results of eatermination an

e studies direcy be more sevan integratio

nformation. Aes are exposedto assist in de

mple, assessmnformation wiof injury. Othd contaminan

us substances nce studies arummarizing f

the Trustees wjury determinbing how injunformation cot estimating an

S (FARALLON

AP does not pcomment on on, the IAP d”) to identify wuseful, or ableve Environmage regulation

uld benefit fre conditions,

n. The IAP shlocations for

ry to select an

oned during ts for implemeion 5.

ch ongoing annd quantificat

ctly contributverely injuredn of the findi

Additional stud to contaminetermining re

ments of remeith injury dete

her studies arent exposures aand, and wer

re complete, tfindings. Usi

will then devenation and quured natural roncerning the

and valuation

N CONSULTIN

provide enougthe scope of t

does not allowwhether the s

e to meet the rmental Respon

ns.

rom a section including any

hould include r use in develond characteriz

the April 16, 2entation. The

nd priority stution and dam

te to the deterd than others) ings of all Truudies are intennants that couecovery timesedial actions) ermination fine intended to are associatedre in fact causthe Trustees wing informatioelop a Report uantification presources wille amount of cmethodologie

NG)

gh specific dethe work (e.g

w the public anstudy and datareasonable co

nse, Compens

summarizingy geospatial odetails on hooping baselinze that area(s)

2018 meetingere are other h

udy (section 5age determin

rmination of iand a summa

ustee studies anded to demonld be injuriou

s and future inand the Trustndings in quaverify that an

d with past or sed by said pawill compile on from the of Assessmen

phases (43 CFl be restored. compensation es used by the

etails of the pg., number of nd Potentiallya collection ost requiremenation, and Lia

g the Trusteesor environmen

ow the Trusteene conditions ).

A-7

g are high

5) be ation

injury ary of the and other nstrate

us. Some njury tees will antifying ny

ongoing ast or

nt after FR

The required

e

possible samples, y

nts ability

s’ current ntal fate es will and lay

Codoan(i.eco

Responcompletaken) iagree wTrusteepublic cprovidePlans (QdetermiInjury A§§11.32in adva

The Trumodelincharactstudies as littlecontamevaluatcontribuwill useaffectedcompenprovidemetricsTrustee

omment 16b.oes not identifother, such ase., the presennstituent of c

Respontriggersconcernproximand infotranspobetween

nse 16a. The ete study desigin order to all

with such a sues intend to tacomment on ted through stuQAPPs). Theine whether inAssessment P2(c) & (e)). T

ance of these o

ustees currentng for the purterization of bthat are prop

e as possible fmination concetions may be nuting to advere this informad by contaminnsate for injured by uncontas and data colles at reference

. The IAP idefy specific dats what data wce of a constioncern’s cont

nse 16b. Thes to move fromn in samples o

mity of elevateformation regaort, and sedimn sources and

comment cangn (includinglow for meani

uggestion. Thake to determithat general audy-specific pese study planndividual stud

Plan such that The Trustees opportunities

tly have no plrposes of undbaseline condiosed by selec

from the Asseentrations (43needed to undrse effects ob

ation (for examnation. To quries, the Trustaminated, conlected in the Ae sites.

entifies broadta gaps and/o

will be relied oituent of conctribution to an

e Trustees havm one study tof soil, ground concentratiarding tidal fl

ment depositiod natural resou

n be read to sg, for exampleingful public

he IAP describine and quantapproach. Adplans and assons will be madies constitutt further publiwill provide s.

lans to conduderstanding baitions will occting appropriessment Area,3 CFR §11.72derstand whetbserved in themple) when cuantify how mtees will need

ntaminated, anAssessment A

d approaches r triggers to m

on to determincern in a catchn injury).

ve not yet idento another. T

ndwater, surfaions to knownlux, surface wn (for exampurces using th

suggest that ane, the numbercomment. T

bes the generatify injury, andditional detaiociated Qualide public andte a significanic comment issufficient not

uct geospatial aseline conditcur within theiate reference, except for th

2(d)). Additiother other fac

e Assessment calculating thmuch restoratid informationnd restored haArea will also

for each of thmove from onne whether a h basin versus

ntified specifThe presence oace water, andn sources of thwater runoff ple) can indicahe river are co

n IAP must inr of samples toThe Trustees dal approach th

nd the Trusteeils of studies ity Assuranced the Trusteesnt modificatios appropriate tification to th

or environmetions. The e specific injue locations thahe presence oonal studies anctors could beArea. The Te number of fion is needed

n on specific babitat. The sa

o be collected

he potential stne area of studpathway is cos modeling th

fic data gaps oof contaminand/or sedimenthose contami

patterns, sedimate that pathwomplete.

A-8

nclude a o be do not he

es seek will be

e Project s will on to the (43 CFR

he public

ental fate

ury at differ

of elevated nd

e rustees fish

d to benefits ame by the

tudies but dy to omplete

he

or other nts of , the inants, ment

ways

Coan

Coideto Raadis tecofur

MA

CothaplaCopotra20beEcto NaunU.the“obeCo

omment 16c.d if monitorin

Responrestoratconcernrestoratsame mover timrestoratgathere

omment 16d.entified in themore technic

ather than moaptive managthat it supporosystems, rathrther study.

Responprojectscircums

ARINE MAMM

omment 17. at flows throuan, oil and haontaminant tyolychlorinatedace metals, ph018). There aring led by the

cology. The indetermine the

atural Resourcnder the CompS.C. § 9651(ce Trustees inirganisms mosnthic inverteb

ommission ag

There is insung data from

nse 16c. The tion projects tn. In concept,tion projects t

metrics as thosme). This comtion. The Trued are appropr

. The IAP doe Level 3 or lacal challengesre challengin

gement to achrts action in thher than delay

nse 16d. Thes to efficientlystances. Noth

AL COMMISS

The Lower Dugh Seattle, Wazardous substypes and concd biphenyls (Phthalates, and re three activee Environmennjury assessme extent to whce Damage Aprehensive Enc), as amendetially are focust likely to usbrates, foragegrees that thos

ufficient infoexisting resto

Trustees mayto determine t the Trustees to each of a sese used to qua

mparison shouustees will detriate and adeq

oes not identifater studies, ws” (page 43), wng studies, thehieve restoratihe face of the ying action un

e Trustees supy reach restor

hing in the cur

ION

Duwamish RivWashington, intances have bentrations var

PCBs), polycydioxins/furan

e Superfund sntal Protection

ment plan is behich natural r

Assessment benvironmental ed) and other using their asse the aquatic e fish, bottom-se species are

ormation provoration will be

y use availablthe benefits ointend to quaeries of indicantify injury (uld inform thetermine whetquate to suppo

fy how signifiwhich the IAPwill be manage IAP should aion values. On uncertaintiesntil “enough”

pport the adapration goals arrent plan is i

ver is a heavinto southern Pbeen released ry throughoutyclic aromaticns (Ebbert et sites along then Agency andeing developeresources haveeing conducteResponse, Capplicable au

ssessment of chabitat comp

-dwelling fishe important to

vided in the IAe incorporated

le monitoringof restoration antify the benator species o(e.g., producte scale of requther the monitort this appro

ficant uncertaiP states are “eged in a cost-allow the Trune benefit of s and complex” is known ab

ptive managemand adjust to untended to su

ly-industrialiPuget Sound.into the rivert the river, anc hydrocarbonal. 2000, NO

e river and cled the Washinged separately e been injured

ed in accordanompensation,

uthorities. Thecontaminant-rplex.” Those wh, and Chinoo

o include in th

AP to determid.

g data from exprojects for s

nefits of habitover time usinivity of fish puired compentoring data to

oach.

inties, such asexpected to be-effective manustees to consadaptive manxities of large

bout a system

ment of restorunforeseen uggest otherw

zed urban wa. As noted in r since the earnd include ns (PAHs), peAA 2013, Coeanup of the rgton Departmfrom cleanupd, as part of thnce with regu, and Liabilitye draft plan strelated injurywere identifieok salmon. Thhe injury asses

A-9

ine how

xisting species of at ng the per area nsatory o be

s those e subject nner. ider using

nagement e through

ration

wise.

aterway the draft rly 1900s.

esticides, onn et al. river is

ment of p efforts he

ulations y Act (42 tates that

y on ed as he ssment

beplaprealsex

CoCospe20incincindof priThPuintresSo

Anestgreet ethPAweChcoO’froadhasup

cause of theiray in estuarinedators such aso should be iposed to cont

Respondata onkiller wthese spappreciin our e

omment 18. ommission beecies for criti

010, Ford et alcluding southcludes watersdicates that thChinook salm

imarily is comhompson Riveuget Sound (Htake of PCBs sident killer wound area are

nalyses of juvtuaries and haeater concental. 2006); ano

hers (PBDEs)AHs occurred ell as the healhinook salmonncentrations t’Neill and Weom Puget Souditional studibitats and prepports the inc

r occurrence ine and marine as marine maincluded in thtaminants thro

nse 17. As den exposure andwhales and harpecies to deteiate the informevaluation.

The inclusionecause lipid-rically endangel. 2016). SRK

hern Puget Sous at the mouthhe primary exmon (Mongillmprised of aduers, 6–14 perc

Hanson et al. 2by SRKWs i

whale populatbelieved to b

venile Chinooatcheries showrations of PCother study in) in juvenile sat concentrat

lth and survivn in Puget Sothan salmon fest 2009). Theund was foundies may help tey) contributinclusion of Chi

in the Lower habitats, part

ammals. The Che injury assesough ingestio

escribed in Std toxicity to mrbor seals), li

ermine if addimation and re

n of Chinook ich adult Chinered Southern

KWs can be found (Carretta

h of the Duwaxposure pathwlo et al. 2016)ult Chinook scent of their s2010), presums estimated totion in Britishe partly respo

ok salmon colwed that salm

CBs and PAHsndicated high almon from Ptions great en

val of salmon-ound also havefrom other aree majority of d to occur in mto determine mng to PCB acinook salmon

Duwamish Rticularly as prCommission bssment plan b

on of contami

tudy 18, the Tmarine mammife history infitional assessmferences prov

salmon is of nook salmon n Resident Kiound year-roua et al. 2018). amish River (7way of SRKW). Although thsalmon originsalmon prey omably includino be 4–6.6 timh Columbia; sonsible for tha

lected from amon from the D

s than juvenilconcentration

Puget Sound (nough to affec-eating predate exhibited sieas along the PCB bioaccumarine habitamore precisel

ccumulation. Fn in the draft i

River and the erey for higherbelieves certabecause they nated prey.

Trustees intenmals (includinformation, andment is warravided by the C

f particular imare seasonalliller Whales (und throughouCritical habit

71 Fed. Reg. Ws to PCBs is

he summer dinating from thoriginates fromng the Duwam

mes greater thsalmon originat difference

a number of PDuwamish Rile salmon fromns of polybro(Sloan et al. 2ct salmon heators (Johnsonignificantly gWest Coast (

umulation in aats (O’Neill aly the ecologiFor these reasinjury assessm

ecological rolr trophic-leveain marine maare likely bei

nd to review eng southern red habitat use anted. The TrCommission t

mportance to thly important p(SRKWs) (Fout the Salish tat for SRKW69054). Resethrough the i

iet of SRKWshe Fraser and m further soumish River. T

han that of thenating from th(Cullon et al.

Pacific Northwiver had signim other areas

ominated diph2010). PCBs alth and survivn et al. 2006). greater PCB (Missildine etadult Chinook

and West 2009ical factors (isons, the Comment plan and

A-10

le they el ammals ng

existing esident data for rustees to assist

he prey ord et al. Sea,

Ws earch ingestion s

uth in The daily e northern he Puget . 2009).

west ificantly s (Johnson henyl and val, as Adult

t al. 2005, k salmon 9), but .e.,

mmission d

recidesou

CoasslifewaforRi

Adin (i.ecobeOrimEleide20SRCoplaanfurbeOcrel

commends thentified in theurces, and co

Responsalmonpresentjuvenilecontamleave thinjured juvenile

omment 19. sessments are

fe history infoarranted. The r both SRKWver.

dult SRKWs hthe world (Roe., blubber) ancentrations ilow mammalrganochlorine

mmune functioevated concenentified as a p

016). OngoingRKWs is needommission thean (1) an updaalyses of archrther determin coordinated ceans, the Walevant researc

Responinvolveto marinof thesequality,

at the Trusteee draft plan foncentrations a

nse 18. The Tn to be a high t in the Lowere life stage is

mination. Whihe Duwamishby contamin

e Chinook sal

The Trusteese limited to a ormation, and

CommissionWs and pinnipe

have some ofoss et al. 2000nd, more recein SRKWs aplian toxic three exposure in on, increasingntrations of oprimary threatg monitoring oded to inform erefore recomated assessmehived biologicne types, sourwith research

ashington Statch institutions

nse 19. The Te a detailed anne mammals e data in a NR, relevance of

es expedite thor Chinook saat each stage

Trustees conspriority for imr Duwamish Rgenerally con

ile additional h River, and itation sourceslmon are the

s’ draft plan inreview of exihabitat-use d

n believes thateds affected b

f the greatest P0, Alonso et aently, feces (Lppear to be deeshold levels fkiller whales

g the risk of inorganochlorint to their survof the types, sboth restorat

mmends that tent of availabcal samples (brces and conchers at NMFSte Departmens.

Trustees’ plannd rigorous rewithin the As

RDA context.f spatial and t

he exposure, talmon to betteof their life c

ider assessmemplementatioRiver during tnsidered to bePCB accumu

t is possible ths outside of thfocus of this

ncludes marinisting data ondata to determt a literature rby contaminan

PCB and PBDal. 2014), as rLundin et al. 2eclining over for several de can cause ennfection and d

ne and other covival (Nationasources, and ction efforts anthe Trustees inble data on coblubber biops

centrations of S, the Canada nts of Ecology

nned assessmeeview of availssessment Ar The Trustees

temporal exte

toxicology, aner understand cycle.

ent of injury ton. While adutheir spawnine much more ulation may ohat adult chin

he Lower Duwcomponent o

ne mammals, n mammalian mine if an addireview alone wnts from the L

DE concentrarevealed by a2016). Althoutime, they are

ecades (Hickindocrine disrudisease (Monontaminants ial Marine Fishconcentration

nd SRKW recnclude in the

ontaminants insies, scat, etc.f contaminant

Department oy and Fish an

ent of marinelable data andrea, specificals will review

ent, contamina

nd life historycontaminant

to juvenile Chult chinook sang migration, sensitive to e

occur once juvnook salmon awamish Riverf the assessm

but proposedexposure anditional assesswould be inadLower Duwam

ations among analyses of fatugh PCB e not expecteie et al. 2007)uption and supgillo et al. 20in SRKWs haheries Servicens of contamincovery. The

injury assessn SRKWs and.) from SRKWs; those studiof Fisheries ad Wildlife, an

e mammal sped informationlly evaluatinginformation f

ants of interes

A-11

y studies types,

hinook almon are the

effects of venile fish are r, the

ment.

d d toxicity, ment is dequate mish

cetaceans tty tissues

d to fall ). ppress

016). ave been e; NMFS nants in

sment d (2) Ws to es should

and nd other

ecies will n relevant g the use for data st, and

CoexW20DuSosevPCspePCocPu(Siorgbe(SiobAlin wi

Gisoucobepreexvurecusethotherespe

relevanwith theon contwould ponly onfully exindicatiAssessm

omment 20. tensive consiashington inl

014). Althoughuwamish Riveound feed on averal species

CBs in harborecies in the ad

CBs and othercurring in the

uget Sound inimms et al. 20ganochlorinesen linked to dimms et al. 20

bserved at relalthough more harbor seals (

ill continue to

iven the compurces from thntaminant exp sufficient foredator that ocposed to cont

ulnerable due commends the studies of Pose studies wie Washingtonsearch institutriodic year-ro

nce of endpoine recommendtaminants in Sprovide additne step in detexamine and aning that SRKWment Area.

The presencederation in inand waters anh there are aner, no consista wide varietyof salmonids

r seal prey frodjacent Straitr organochlore Puget Sounddustrial activi000, Ross et as in tissues frodecreased imm000, Mos et aatively low levrecent studie

(Ross et al. 20o be a health r

plexity of the he Duwamish posure, the Cr an adequateccurs regularlytaminants throto their year-rat the Trustee

Pacific harbor ith researcher

n State Departtions. The Coound monitor

nts. The Trusdation to incluSRKWs.” Thional informaermining potenalyze any avW are injured

e of harbor senjury assessmnd exhibit stronecdotal reporent monitoriny of prey, inc (Purcell et al

om Puget Sount of Georgia arines have beed area, attribuities and consal. 2004, Nöeom harbor semune functional. 2006 and 2vels of expos

es have shown013), the persrisk.

exposure patRiver, and th

Commission b assessment oy in the Duwaough ingestioround presenes include ecoseals as part

rs at NMFS, ttments of Ecoommission furing of the wa

stees believe tude “(1) an uphe chemical aation on expoential injury tovailable data (d by releases o

eals in the Duwment efforts. H

ong site fidelirts of harbor sng effort is in luding Pacificl. 2004, Cullo

und were sevearea (Cullon een elevated inuted at least insumption of pel et al. 2011)al pups captun and disrupt

2010, Tabuchsure (Tabuchin decreasing csistence of tho

thways, the rehe deleteriousbelieves that aof injury to haamish River,

on of contamice in Puget Sotoxicology, lof the injury

the Canada Dology and Fisrther recomm

aters of the Du

this course ofpdated assessmanalysis of arc

osure to marino SRKW. Th(published anof contaminan

wamish RiverHarbor seals oity to haul-ouseals hauled oplace. Harbo

c tomcod, Pacon et al. 2005en times greatet al. 2005). Cn tissues fromn part to theirprey originatin. Elevated con

ured in southeion of retinol

hi et al. 2006),i et al. 2006, Mconcentrationose contamin

elative contribs long-term hea literature revarbor seals. Aharbor seals nated prey an

Sound. Thereflife history, aassessment p

Department of sh and Wildlif

mends that theuwamish Rive

f action is conment of availchived tissue

ne mammals, he Trustees innd un-publishents from the

r also warranccur year-rou

ut sites (Carreout along the or seals from Pcific herring, ). Concentrat

ter than the saConcentration

m harbor seals r proximity tong from thosencentrations o

ern Puget Soul and thyroid h, with adverseMos et al. 201ns of organochnants in the fo

butions of conealth effects oview alone wo

As a high trophare likely bei

nd are particufore, the Comand foraging/hplan and coordf Fisheries andfe, and other re Trustees initer and Elliott

A-12

nsistent lable data samples but this is

ntend to ed)

nts more und in etta et al.

Puget and

tions of ame prey ns of

o southern e areas of

und have hormones e effects 10). hlorines

ood web

ntaminant of ould not hic-level ing

ularly mmission habitat-dinate d Oceans, relevant tiate t Bay to

dematheco

PA

Coof NRthaRePlaprosinide

Onresinfresnofacphshoabresthe

termine the eammals (suche area and arencentrations o

Responoccurreand harEcotoxiPuget Sfocus oreferencscope oinformato marinRiver s

ACCAR INC.

omment 21. discussion of

RDA settlemean five years estoration Plaan") describinojects. Given nce June 2013entified and in

ne objective ostoration projformation colstoration proj

ot being accomct that the sele

hysical factorsorelines withiout injuries astoring habitae Trustees.

Responimportaare conresult o

xtent and freqh as Californiae foraging on of contaminan

nse 20. The Tence and feedrbor porpoisesicology studie

Sound are noton a cost-effecces and data p

of their studieation is develne mammals ources.

In reviewing f additional reent with the Cago, the Trusn and Programng criteria andthat criteria a

3, it is surprisnitiated.

of the Injury Aects" (page iillected for purects and why

mplished nowection and scas due to the prin the Site. In

at the expenseat values soon

nse 21. The Tant. In additio

ntinuing to devof early settlem

quency with wa sea lions, StChinook salmnts.

Trustees do noing behavior s to be cost-ees (e.g., healtt included in tctive assessmprovided by ts in the futureoped, includiresulting from

the Injury Asestoration proCity of Seattletees producedmmatic Envird requirementand requiremeing that addit

Assessment Pi). The Injury rposes of inju

y, five years afw. The collecti

aling of restorevalence of a

n short, we que of additionalner rather than

Trustees agreeon to implemvelop and impment activitie

which harbor teller sea lionmon or other p

ot consider peof harbor seaffective at thith assessmentthe injury asse

ment, but the Tthe Commissie as the assesing informatiom contaminan

ssessment Plaojects. Twentye and King Cod the "Final Lronmental Imts for selectioents for restotional restorat

Plan is "to infoAssessment P

ury assessmenfter the Restoion of additio

oration projectarmored river

uestion the val delay. The bn later should

e that early sementing the Inj

plement addites. For examp

r seals and potns, and harborprey that hav

eriodic year rals, Californiais stage of thets) of marine messment plan

Trustees very ion. The Trusssment progreon indicating nts attributabl

an, what standy-seven yearsounty was entLower Duwam

mpact Statemeon and construration projecttion projects h

orm the selectPlan does notnt will be usedoration Plan wonal informatits will be hearbanks and falue of obtainibenefits of bud be an import

ettlements andjury Assessmtional restora

ple, the Truste

tentially other porpoises) oe elevated

round monitora and Stellar se assessment. mammal specat this time inmuch apprec

stees may expesses and furtha likelihood ole to Lower D

ds out most iss have passedtered in 1991

mish River NRent ("Restoratiuction of restts have been ihave not been

tion and scalit explain howd to identify a

was issued, thiion will not chavily influenceacilities along ing new infor

uilding the protant considera

d early restorment Plan, the ation projects ees are workin

A-13

r marine occur in

ring for sea lions

cies in n order to iate the

pand the her of injury

Duwamish

s the lack d since the

. More RDA ion oration in place n

ing of w and select is step is hange the ed by both

rmation ojects and ation for

ration are Trustees as a ng with

CocoalotheresdifcophcoAshohainj

JE

Coalshaprodo

parties as bankpublic sAssessmadditiondetermi

omment 22. nditions in thong both shore Site. The stasource-specififfer as little asntamination"

hysical conditimparable to tssessment Plaow physical cobitat and injujuries due to c

ResponspecificlocationpresencAdditiofactors If otherspecificconditioselectiopresencof naturwithin t

AN PUBLIC

omment 23. so been hiddes been blameofiteers have

oing nothin wr

for the establks (i.e., havingsooner rather ment Plan wilnal restorationined and quan

PACCAR wohe Injury Asserelines shouldatement in thefic baseline cos possible fro(page 40) is p

ions and structhe Lower Duan needs to pronditions (e.g

uries to resourcontamination

nse 22. The Tc injury studiens that differ ce of elevatedonal studies ancould be con

r factors are ac natural resouons but for thon of the referce of riprap anral resources,the river and

i am horrifieden by their pald to seals, whcaused the rivrong. the salm

lishment and g credits for sthan later. In

ll be directly n needed to funtified as a re

ould also likeessment Plan.d be a significe Injury Asseonditions by som the Assessproblematic. ctures associauwamish Riverovide a betterg., riprap, overces in order tn.

Trustees will es that are proas little as po

d contaminationd evaluationtributing to a

accounted for,urce at the re

he presence ofrence locationnd overwater , and these facin other river

d that lockheels in the federhen in fact salver to be poll

mon were kill

crediting of rsale) to ensurenformation coused to determ

fully compensesult of this pl

e to comment . The extent ocant element iessment Plan tselecting apprsment Area, eIt is difficult

ated with induer are present r explanation

erwater structuto have a defe

characterize boposed by selossible from thon concentratns may be neeadverse effects, the Trusteesference locatif elevated conns may therefstructures are

ctors are presrs that could s

ed was permiral govt sincelmon die fromluted to the med by the con

restoration proe the benefit o

ollected as parmine the quansate the publiclan.

on the considof armored rivin evaluating that the Trustropriate refereexcept for the

to imagine a ustrial and comwithout cont

n of how the Tures, etc.) conensible positio

baseline condlecting approphe Assessmentions (43 CFReded to unders observed in

s will considerions to represntamination (bfore vary by ne factors that sent in less-coserve as refere

tted to contame the lack of sm this contam

maximum. so tntamination fr

ojects that wiof these projert of the Injuryntity and typec for injuries

deration of baverbanks and baseline cond

tees will "defience locationpresence of reference aremmercial opetamination. ThTrustees will antributed to don on the exte

ditions withinpriate referennt Area, excepR §11.72(d)). stand whethe

n the Assessmr conditions osent natural rebaseline). The

natural resourcould influen

ontaminated aence location

minate this rivalmon in thes

mination and ththe seals diedrom lockheed

A-14

ll operate ects to the y e of

aseline facilities

ditions at ine s that

ea where erations he Injury assess

degraded ent of

n the nce pt for the

er other ment Area.

of the esource e

rce. The nce health areas ns.

ver. it has se rivers he

d for d. [Sic.]

whanpoweto coear

hy do we haved calling for s

oisoned by loce need clean ube fined trillintinue to tolerth and end it

Responharbor actions §§ 136

One of determijuvenile

e such corrupseal kilign as ckheed profiteup. we need pions of dollarerate that animt in death. this

nse 23. The Tseal or Califoare currently

1 et. seq.

the primary sining the impe Chinook sal

ption. it is horthe federal g

eers.we cannoprofiteeers whs and to have

mals are blams commetn is

Trustees are nornia sea lion y prohibited b

studies in the act of contamlmon.

rrifying. is thegovt in this insot tolerate thiho poison an ae their pollutin

med for what mfor the public

not advocatingpredation on y the Marine

Injury Assesmination in the

e trustee concstance where s continueingarea to be arreng industries mankind is doc record. [Sic

g using lethalsalmon in PuMammal Pro

sment Plan we Lower Duw

cil as blatantlythe salmon h

g to go on natiested and to bshut down. w

onig to pollutec.]

l means to conuget Sound. Sotection Act,

would assist Twamish River

A-15

y corrupt have been ionwide. be in jail,

we cannot e life on

ntrol Such 16 U.S.C.

Trustees in on