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THESIS MANUAL
INSTRUCTIONS CONCERNING THE PREPARATION OF THESES
FOR THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL AND NATURAL
RESOURCE SCIENCES
College of Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences
Sul Ross State University
August 2012
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
WRITING THE THESIS ....................................................................................................... 1
Standards and Requirements...................................................................................... 1
Presentation of the Material ....................................................................................... 1 Selecting and Using a Journal Model ........................................................................ 1
Using a Style Manual................................................................................................. 2
Language and General Grammatical Style ................................................................ 2
Publication of the Research; Copyright Issues .......................................................... 3
Registering Copyright ................................................................................................ 5
The Optional Copyright Page .................................................................................... 5
ORGANIZING AND FORMATTING THE MANUSCRIPT .............................................. 6
Thesis Content Organization...................................................................................... 6
Chapter or Section Method ........................................................................................ 6
Page Size.................................................................................................................... 6
Font ............................................................................................................................ 7
Use of Bold and Italics............................................................................................... 7
Line Spacing .............................................................................................................. 7
Minimum Page Length .............................................................................................. 8
Margins ...................................................................................................................... 8
Page Numbers ............................................................................................................ 8
Page Number Placement ............................................................................................ 8
Paragraph: Spacing and Indentation .......................................................................... 8
Sentences.................................................................................................................... 8
Major Headings.......................................................................................................... 9
Subheadings ............................................................................................................... 9
Figures/Tables: Color, Size, and Legibility ............................................................... 10
Figures/Tables: Text Mention.................................................................................... 10
Figures/Tables: Placement in Text............................................................................. 10
Figures/Tables: Long and Continued......................................................................... 10
Figures/Tables: Landscape......................................................................................... 10
Figures/Tables: In Appendix...................................................................................... 10
Figures/Tables: Titles and Numbering....................................................................... 11
Figure/Table Titles: Placement .................................................................................. 11 Figure/Table Titles: Large Figure Title/Long Caption on a Separate Page............... 11
Lists of Figures, Tables, and Appendices .................................................................. 11
Literature Cited .......................................................................................................... 12
Text Mention of References....................................................................................... 12
Appendices................................................................................................................. 13
Appendix Headings.................................................................................................... 13
Appendix Figures and Tables. ................................................................................... 13
FORMAT INSTRUCTIONS AND SAMPLES FOR SPECIFIC PAGES............................ 14
Title Page ................................................................................................................... 15
Approval Page............................................................................................................ 17
Abstract ...................................................................................................................... 19
Optional Preliminary Pages (Copyright, Dedication, Acknowledgements) .............. 21
Table of Contents ....................................................................................................... 25
List of Figures, List of Tables, and List of Appendices............................................. 30
Vita............................................................................................................................. 34
Page 1, Chapter Method (with Journal Model Sentence) .......................................... 36
Page 1, Section Method (with Journal Model Sentence) ........................................... 38
Page Showing Subheadings ....................................................................................... 39
Pages with a Figure and a Table ................................................................................ 40
PRINTING THE MANUSCRIPT ......................................................................................... 46
Legibility.................................................................................................................... 46
Corrections ................................................................................................................. 46
Paper........................................................................................................................... 46
Electronic Submission................................................................................................ 46
THESIS SUBMISSION TIMELINE ..................................................................................... 49
Deadlines.................................................................................................................... 49
Other Requirements ................................................................................................... 50
APPENDIX 1: Copyright and Your Dissertation or Thesis .................................................. 51
APPENDIX 2: Proper Acknowledgement in Text for Copyright Material ........................... 56
APPENDIX 3: Landscape Figures and Tables ...................................................................... 57
APPENDIX 4: Page Numbering in Word 2007 .................................................................... 69
APPENDIX 5: ProQuest/UMI Publishing Agreement .......................................................... 72
APPENDIX 6: Thesis Example (Chapter Method) ............................................................... 83
APPENDIX 7: Thesis Example (Section Method) .............................................................. 107
1
WRITING THE THESIS
Standards and Requirements
This manual was written by the College of Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences of Sul
Ross State University to help graduate students and their committee members prepare theses. Its
purpose is to define uniform standards of style and format and to allow enough flexibility to
satisfy the practices of each academic discipline in the College.
Sul Ross State University requires a thesis from all thesis option master's candidates. The thesis
should be presented in a scholarly, well-integrated and properly documented manner and should
report the original work done by the student under the supervision of the advisory committee.
Presentation of the Material The finished manuscript is to be an independent professional effort. In the thesis the student
must use clear English, show an overall understanding of the literature in the field, and present
clearly the method, significance and results of the research. Full documentation and useful tables
and/or figures are especially important. The document should not be longer than is necessary to
present the research thoroughly. Thesis length can vary widely depending on the research topic,
academic discipline and the degree sought. There is no specific minimum or maximum length.
The thesis is presented in either sections or chapters. The section method is used if only one
experiment or study was conducted. The first and last sections must be Introduction and
Literature Cited respectively. Other section titles may include Materials and Methods, Results,
Discussion, and Conclusions. The chapter method is used if several studies or experiments were
conducted. The first chapter is Introduction, followed by separate stand-alone chapters for each
experiment or study, each with subdivisions such as Introduction, Materials and Methods,
Discussion and Summary, Literature Cited. No inclusive Literature Cited chapter at the end of
the thesis is required in this case.
Selecting and Using a Journal Model The student must select a journal to be used as a style guide in writing the thesis. The journal
must be a respected, scholarly journal, well known in the major field. The selected journal will
be noted on page 1 of the thesis. (See pp. 36 and 38 for a sample page 1 with a journal model
sentence and instructions for preparation.) A style manual such as Turabian's A Manual for
Writers of Term Papers, Theses and Dissertations or the Publication Manual of the APA is not to
be listed as a model.
2
Follow the journal model for:
Location table titles (above or below table)
Location of figure titles (above or below figure)
Format and content of the Reference section
Text mention of reference citations
Whenever there are differences in format and layout between the specifications of the Thesis
Manual and the journal model, the Thesis Manual overrules the journal. The more sophisticated
publication and layout practices of some journals are not accepted in theses. Some examples of
format common in journals but not allowed in theses are: large and small capital letters for
major headings and subheadings, figure captions beside the figures, text in double columns and
text beside figures.
A journal's “Instructions to Contributors” information is not to be followed exactly when writing a thesis. (These instructions are for the convenience of the editors and printers of a journal and do not necessarily apply to the format of a thesis.)
Using a Style Manual
The Thesis Manual does not address all questions pertaining to style and format for the
preparation of a thesis. Many manuals and handbooks are available for this purpose. For
specific questions not answered in the Thesis Manual, the current edition of Scientific Style and
Format: the CBE Manual for Authors, Editors and Publishers may be helpful.
Language and General Grammatical Style
Use English throughout the manuscript (except for the Spanish abstract required in all
manuscripts, for literature available only in a language other than English, and for direct quotes
in a language other than English).
Use active voice whenever possible and appropriate. If the subject of a sentence is doing the
action, then the sentence is in active voice. If the subject of a sentence is the recipient of the
action, then the sentence is in passive voice. In addition, use first person whenever possible and
appropriate because it generally is more accurate, more concise, and less likely to contain
grammatical errors. For example,
Preferred: “We collected 26 specimens.” [first person, active voice]
Correct: “A total of 26 specimens was collected.” [passive voice]
Incorrect: “A total of 26 specimens were collected.” [passive voice]
The last sentence is grammatically incorrect because the subject of the sentence is “total” (a
3
singular noun), not “specimens” (a plural noun that is part of a prepositional phrase). Grammar
checkers in word-processing software typically do not catch this error because they refer back to
the last noun preceding the verb.
Use of active voice and first person also will help limit use of nominalizations: verbs used as
nouns by adding endings such as “-tion” or “-ment.” These sometimes are referred to as
“smothered verbs,” and it is better to “activate” them. For example,
Nominalization: Collection of samples occurred 0900-1300 h.
Preferred: We collected samples 0900-1300 h.
Nominalization: Measurements of length of tail were taken for all specimens.
Nominalization: We took measurements of length of tail for all specimens.
Preferred: We measured length of tail for all specimens.
Keep words and phrases as close as possible to the words that they modify. Otherwise confusion
can result. This often occurs with dangling participles: verbs that end in “-ing” that are used as
adjectives. For example,
Incorrect: We documented reproductive behavior of minnows using underwater cameras.
Acceptable: Using underwater cameras, we documented reproductive behavior of
minnows.
Preferred: We used underwater cameras to document reproductive behavior of minnows.
As written, the first sentence suggests that minnows use underwater cameras while reproducing
(an activity worth documenting). This is because “minnows” is the closest noun to the participial
phrase (“using underwater cameras”). In the second sentence, the participial phrase is closer to
the word (“we”) that it modifies, which improves clarity. In the third sentence, the participial
phrase was eliminated.
Avoid use of terms, jargon, and abbreviations not widely used across subdisciplines of natural
history, and never do so without first defining them in your text as outlined elsewhere in these
instructions.
Publication of the Research: Copyright Issues
It is the student‘s responsibility to be aware of and adhere to U.S. copyright laws regarding the
thesis and its contents.
If you publish material that will be part of your thesis before you submit the thesis:
Graduate students may publish material that will later be used as part of the thesis. However,
you must be aware of the agreement you sign when a journal accepts an article for publication.
Sul Ross State University makes all manuscripts available to the public on the Internet. Do not
sign any agreement that limits the rights of Sul Ross State University to provide research results
to the public.
4
If you are using your already published material in the thesis (journal policies):
Students should be aware of the publishing agreement you sign when a journal accepts an article
for publication. At that time, the student/lead author typically transfers copyright to the journal
as publisher, and you may no longer possess the right to use this material without permission.
However, the publishing agreement form can be modified before it is signed so that the student
retains the right to include the material in the thesis. The publisher would still have the rights it
needs to print, distribute, and sell the work. When negotiating with the publisher, remember to
inform them that the thesis will be available to the public through the Internet.
If you have not retained the right to use your previously published material in the thesis, you
must get permission from the copyright holder to include it. A written statement of permission
(email is accepted) should be provided to the Dean’s Office. See Appendix 1 for information on
permission to use copyright material and for a sample letter requesting permission. If the journal
retains the right to an article and does not allow its exact reproduction in your thesis, we
recommend that you contact them to ascertain whether a revised or reworded chapter is
acceptable.
Regardless of which rights you have retained, the Dean’s Office will require written
documentation as evidence you have appropriate rights to include the pre-published material in
your thesis. This evidence might be a copy of the publication agreement, website documentation
about author retained rights, emails or other forms of written permission from the publisher.
If you are planning to use your thesis material in a future publication:
Students who plan to publish thesis material in future articles need to investigate whether the
journal of choice will publish material already made available to the public and consider this
when choosing an option for making the thesis available after graduation. You have the option
to restrict full-text access to your thesis for a period of time before releasing it to the Internet to
allow time to publish in journals whose policy is to be first publisher.
If you plan to include others’ copyrighted material in the thesis:
If the manuscript contains any material (figures, tables, text, etc.) taken from copyrighted
sources, the student has the responsibility to determine if permission from the copyright holder is
needed. The student should consider a number of factors when utilizing material from other
sources, including whether or not the material is in the public domain or can be used under the
provisions of Fair Use. Regardless of whether or not permission is required, proper credit must
be given in the text. For material which requires permission, acknowledgment should be
included in the text, per the instruction of the copyright holder or as noted in the Appendix 2. An
extra copy of the letter (or an email) must be provided to the Dean’s Office.
5
To summarize, if using published material:
Determine if the material is copyrighted or not. Non-copyrighted material may be
reused freely, as long as credit is given to the original source.
If the material is copyrighted, determine if it may be included in your thesis under
the provisions of Fair Use. If Fair Use applies, do not seek permission.
If Fair Use does not apply, obtain permission (in either the publisher agreement or in
a letter or email from the copyright holder).
Give proper acknowledgment of all work created by others and included in the
thesis. Provide the Dean’s Office with a copy of the permission letter or email (or
publisher agreement form).
Students must inform the copyright holder of the publishing option to be elected
upon completion of the thesis (open access, traditional).
Registering Copyright Your manuscript is automatically protected under U.S. copyright as soon as the work is created
in a fixed form. Master’s and doctoral candidates may wish to take additional steps to register
their copyright through the U.S. Copyright Office. Information is available at
http://copyright.gov. Although it is not required, there are benefits to registering your copyright,
including additional legal remedies if you face copyright infringement.
The Optional Copyright Page
Students may include as the second page of the thesis a copyright page, which includes the title
of the document, student name, year of graduation and a copyright notice in the proper form.
The copyright notice must include three elements: the copyright symbol © or the word
“Copyright”; the year of publication; and the name of the copyright owner. For example, a thesis
submitted in Fall 2011 would carry a notice such as Copyright 2011 Angela Aggie. (See page 22
of this manual for a sample.)
The copyright notice indicates that the student owns copyright to the thesis as an original work of
authorship. It may be included regardless of whether the student has officially registered
copyright with the U.S. Copyright Office and regardless of whether portions of the document are
copyrighted by others.
Although this page is optional, it is good practice to include it in the thesis because it informs the
public that the work is protected by copyright, identifies the student as copyright holder, and
shows the year of original publication.
For additional information, see Appendix 1 of this manual.
6
ORGANIZING AND FORMATTING THE MANUSCRIPT
Thesis Content Organization
The following list gives the contents in the proper order of presentation. All sections marked
with an asterisk (•) must be included in the manuscript.
Preliminary Pages (with Roman numeral page numbers)
*Title Page
Copyright Page
*Approval Page *Abstract Dedication
Acknowledgments
*Table of Contents
*List of Figures (if there are two or more figures in text) *List of Tables (if there are two or more tables in text)
*List of Appendices (if there are two or more)
Text (with Arabic numeral page numbers)
*Introduction (as first chapter or section)
*Main body of text divided into various chapters or sections *Literature Cited (as last section if using the section method; embedded at the
end of each chapter if using the chapter method)
Supplemental Sections
Appendix material
*Vita
Chapter or Section Method
Divide the text of the thesis into chapters if multiple studies or experiments will be
presented (chapters numbered with Roman numerals)
Divide the text of the thesis into major sections if presenting only one study or
experiment (major sections NOT numbered)
The first chapter or major section is INTRODUCTION
See pages 36 and 38 for sample first pages of chapter and section methods.
Page Size
The entire document will be in 8.5" x 11 " (letter) page size.
Pages may be set in “landscape” position (11” x 8.5”) for figures and tables that do not fit
optimally in “portrait” position. (See Appendix 3 for instructions.)
Larger pages may be allowed for figures or tables that need to be larger. These may be
11" x 17". Consult with your committee chair for more information.
7
Font
Use 12-point Times New Roman for all text.
Broken, colored or faint print is not acceptable for text.
Font Exceptions
Appendix material and text within figures and tables are not considered text and may be
different type styles and sizes. Point size may not be smaller than 7-point.
Use of Bold and Italics
Boldface is used for all major headings
Bold and italics may be used for subheadings.
The use of italics for et al., in vivo, in vitro, and other Latin and foreign words is
determined by the journal model. Consistency is needed in the thesis (exception: keep
the original style (italic or not) of foreign words in a publication title listed in the
reference section of the thesis.)
Line Spacing
The following must be double-spaced:
Abstract
Dedication
Acknowledgements
Table of Contents
Body of the manuscript
Literature Cited
Headings and subheadings more than one line in length
Figure and table titles within the body of the manuscript.
The following must be single-spaced:
Footnotes and endnotes are single-spaced with a single space or spacing of text between
footnotes.
Lists of figures, tables, and appendices are single-spaced within each title with a double
space between each title. The following may be single-spaced:
Block quotations, lists in text, and text within tables and figures
Appendix material
Vita page
8
Page Transition
Do not end a page with less than two lines of a paragraph.
Do not begin a page with less than two lines of a paragraph.
Do not begin or end a page with a hyphenated word.
Margins
Standard margin settings are 1” left, 1” right, 1” top, and 1” bottom.
All writing (text, tables, figures, Appendices, etc.) must be placed within the margins--
with the exception of the page numbers.
All text is justified left. Do not use right or full justification.
Page Numbers
Page numbers must be the same font style and size as the text (Times New Roman, 12pt)
Every page in the thesis (except the Title Page, the optional Copyright Page, and the
Approval Page) must be numbered. The Title and Approval Pages are considered to be pages i and ii, but no page number is shown on these two pages. (The Copyright Page
does not have a number, although it is placed between the Title Page and the Approval
Page.)
Preliminary pages are numbered with lower case Roman numerals, beginning with the
Abstract (numbered iii).
Text pages are numbered with Arabic numerals, beginning with the first page of text
(numbered 1). Every page following will have a page number, including Appendix
pages. The Vita is the last numbered page.
For help with this go to the Page Numbering in Word information in Appendix 4.
Page Number Placement
All page numbers are centered in the bottom margin, approximately 3/4 inch from the
bottom edge of the page. (See pages 36 and 38 for sample first pages.)
Paragraph: Spacing and Indention
Indent the first line of each paragraph (0.5 inches).
Paragraphs are separated by one double space (do not add space before or after
paragraphs).
Sentences
All sentences must end with a period. Insert two spaces after each sentence end period.
9
Major Headings “Major headings” in a thesis include the following:
TITLE of the thesis on the Title Page
TITLE of the thesis on the Approval Page
Headings ABSTRACT, DEDICATION, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS, TABLE OF
CONTENTS, LIST OF FIGURES, LIST OF TABLES, LIST OF APPENDICES on the preliminary pages
CHAPTER designations and titles (or major section titles; see pages 36 and 38 for the
difference in formatting)
The word LITERATURE CITED on the first page of references
APPENDIX designations and titles
The word VITA on the Vita page.
The rules for major headings are:
All must be centered at the top of a new page and in ALL CAPITAL letters (exception:
genus and species)
They must be the same size as the text.
Major headings must be in bold type, but they may not be in italic type (exception: genus
and species, literary titles and ship names).
No punctuation after a major heading.
If major headings are more than one line, use a double space between the lines.
Subheadings
Subheadings are used throughout the thesis to organize chapters into different sections/parts.
The formatting rules for subheadings are:
Subheadings cannot be centered and all capital letters (as this defines major headings).
First order subheadings are placed flush left in boldface using standard rules of title case
capitalization.
Second order subheadings are placed flush left in boldface italics with sentence case
capitalization.
Third order subheadings are placed flush left in italics with sentence case capitalization.
Use the same point size as text for all subheadings.
Do not put punctuation after a major heading or subheading that is on a line by itself.
The style used for subheadings must be consistent throughout the thesis from chapter to
chapter.
Use double-spacing for subheadings more than one line in length.
Maintain double spacing above and below subheadings (no extra spaces).
Subheadings/subsections do not need to begin on a new page; text continues within a
chapter or section.
A subheading at the bottom of a page must have at least two lines of text under it.
10
Figures/Tables: Color, Size, and Legibility
Color is acceptable in figures in text and in appendices, but should be minimized.
Color is unacceptable in tables.
The minimum size for capital letters and numbers within figures and tables is 1.5 mm. (7
point type or more is recommended).
All lettering must be of publishable quality; this includes scanned images. Images must
be clear; no blurred or dark areas.
Figures/Tables: Text Mention
Each figure and table must be mentioned in text in order by its number.
Appendix figures and tables do not need to be mentioned in text.
Figures/Tables: Placement in Text
Tables and figures must appear on the first page following the first mention in the text.
Example: If the first mention of Figure 1 in the text occurs on page 3, Figure 1 must
appear on page 4.
Do not put text on the same page with tables and figures.
Tables and figures may be placed in an Appendix. If so, they are numbered by Appendix
as A-1, A-2, B-1, B-2, etc.
Figures/Tables: Long and Continued
Tables or figures longer than one page have the complete title and the number on the first
page only. (See pages 40-45 for examples.)
Subsequent pages have the table or figure number (but not the title) and the word
"Continued," plus (for tables) the necessary column headings for ease of reading.
The end line of the completed table appears only on the last page of the table.
Figures/Tables: Landscape
If the table or figure is placed lengthwise (landscape position), the top of the table or
figure must be at the left-hand, “binding” side of the page and facing in the same
direction as the figure or table.
The page number stays in regular (portrait) position.
See page 42 for an example.
For help see Appendix 3 of this manual.
Figures/Tables: In Appendix
If an appendix contains text with embedded tables or figures, number them consecutively
with the Appendix designation (Figure/Table A-1, Figure/ Table A-2, Figure/Table B-1,
etc.).
11
Appendix figures/tables do not need to be mentioned in the thesis.
If they are mentioned in thesis text, they do not need to be mentioned in order.
Figures/Tables: Titles and Numbering
Each table and figure in the text must have a separate number and a unique title.
Figures and tables are numbered consecutively throughout the text, and each table or
figure must be mentioned in order and by number in the text.
In text, figure/table numbering style must be consecutive (1, 2, 3) if you are using the
section method or by chapter (1.1, 1.2, 2.1) if you are using the chapter method.
Do not number figures and tables by subsection.
The chosen numbering style must be used for both figures and tables (by chapter or
consecutive).
Titles more than one line in length are double spaced.
Appendix figures and tables are numbered consecutively by appendix desgnation,
numbered A-1, A-2, etc.
Figures/Tables in the Appendix do not need to be mentioned in text.
Figure/Table Titles: Placement
Placement of titles on tables and figures (above or below) is determined by the journal
chosen as a model. Exception: Placement of titles beside figures and tables is not
acceptable in a thesis.
The first line of titles is not indented (flush left).
Type size and style of titles is the same as that chosen for the text.
Figure Titles: Large Figure Title/Long Caption on a Separate Page
This format may be used only when there is not enough space for the caption on the page
with the figure.
If the title (or caption) must go on a separate page, place it on the page preceding the
figure, facing in the same direction as the figure (portrait or landscape).
There should be no other text on a page with a separate figure title.
The pages are consecutively numbered, with the page numbers in the standard position.
In the List of Figures, the number of the page on which the figure itself appears is the
page number listed.
The format is never used with tables.
Lists of Figures, Tables, and Appendices
Lists are necessary if there are two or more figures or tables in text. (If there is only one,
the List is optional.)
Lists of Figures and Tables must agree word for word with figure and table titles in the
text.
The entire title must be included in the List (exception: parenthetical information may be
12
excluded from the List).
Figures and tables must be found on the page given in the List.
List of Appendices are necessary if there are more than two appendices.
Appendices are numbered as A-1, A-2, A-3, etc.
List of Appendices must agree word for word with appendices titles.
The entire appendix title must be included in the List.
Literature Cited
Each thesis must contain at least one formal LITERATURE CITED reference section either as
the last section of the thesis (if using the section method) or at the end of each chapter (if using
the chapter method). The title is centered at the top of a new page in ALL CAPITAL letters and
in boldface.
Use the model journal to determine the following:
Capitalization, punctuation and ordering of information within each citation
The order of citations (alphabetized, alphabetized and numbered or non-alphabetized and
numbered)
The use of italics, quotation marks, and bold type. .
Contents of each citation. Include the following regardless of whether the model journal does:
Volume number and page range for journal articles
Publisher and city for books; city for universities, labs or corporations
Sufficient information for retrieval of unpublished material
Author or entity, title, date or date accessed and the specific web address for Internet
material
All authors for a multi-authored publication (do not use et al. regardless of how many
authors there are)
A date (year) for every citation
Consistency in designation of state names (abbreviated or not)
Consistency in journal names or abbreviations
Consistency in ordering multiple entries with same first author.
Spacing:
Use double-spacing throughout the entire section.
Use a hanging-paragraph indent of 0.5 inch for each citation.
Text Mention of References
All references must be cited in the text, and all text citations must be referenced.
All text citations must be from sources the student has actually used.
Text mention of citations must follow the style of the model journal (numbered, dated,
etc.).
The use of first author and et al. for references of three or more authors is acceptable in
text mention of references.
13
Appendices
Appendices are optional and used for supplementary material.
If there are more than two appendices, they must be included in a List of Appendices.
Place the appendices after the last section or chapter.
All appendix pages need to be numbered; page numbers are continued from the last page
of the references.
All material must be within prescribed margins and be readable in size and legibility (7-
point or larger).
Appendix Headings
Appendix headings (Appendix designations and titles) should be all capital letters and I
boldface.
Titles more than one line in length must be double spaced, as chapter titles.
Appendix designations (APPENDIX A, for example) are centered.
Appendix titles are centered, all capital letters, boldface, and one double space below
designation:
APPENDIX A
FIGURES
Appendix headings/titles may be either on a separate title/cover page before the
Appendix material or on the top of the first page of each Appendix. Be consistent from
Appendix to Appendix.
Appendix Figures and Tables
Appendix material may be reduced, but must conform to minimum size (7-point type)
and legibility requirements.
Material may have mixed fonts and point sizes and may be single spaced.
If an appendix contains both text and figures or tables, number them consecutively by
Appendix designation (Figure A-1, Table A-1, Table A-2, Figure B-1, etc).
14
FORMAT INSTRUCTIONS AND SAMPLES FOR SPECIFIC PAGES
Title Page
Approval Page
Abstract
Optional Preliminary Pages (Copyright, Dedication, Acknowledgements)
Table of Contents
List of Figures, List of Tables, and List of Appendices
Vita
Page 1, Chapter Method (with Journal Model Sentence)
Page 1, Section Method (with Journal Model Sentence)
Page Showing Subheadings
Pages with a Figure and a Table
15
Title Page* (see sample on next page)
General Format
Font must match text of thesis
No bold on this page; exception, title is bold.
No page number on this page.
Margins are 1” left, 1” top, 1” right, 1” bottom.
Title of Thesis
All capital letters, centered. (Exception: genus, species, chemical element symbols
should be upper and lower case and in italics as needed to comply with the custom of the
discipline)
Double space if more than one line.
No period at the end of the title.
Thesis Author Statement
Double spaced
Capitalize A and also the T in Thesis (but not the b in “by”)
Student's name in all capital letters; name must be the same as in official records of the
university.
Submittal Statement
Single spaced
“Sul Ross State University” is on a line by itself. Degree and Date
Degree is in all capital letters; full name of the degree is used. (Check Graduate Catalog
for correct wording of degree.)
Put the month and year of graduation. (Graduation dates at Sul Ross State University are
May, August or December—do not use the final defense or submittal month.)
No comma between month and year.
Major Subject
Must agree with major subject listed in the official university records
Use upper and lower case letters.
1” m
argin
1”
mar
gin
1” margin
THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPROVEMENT OF INSTRUCTIONS FOR THESES IN
THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL AND NATURAL RESOURCE SCIENCES
4 double spaces
A Thesis
by
PAMELA SUE PIPES
4 double spaces
Submitted to the College of Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences of
Sul Ross State University
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
4 double spaces
MASTER OF SCIENCE
August 2011
4 double spaces
Major Subject: Range and Wildlife Management
Page is counted but not numbered. 1” margin
Approval Page* (See sample on next page)
General Format
Match font and point size to Title Page
No bold on this page; exception, title is bold
No page number on this page.
Margins are 1” left, 1” top, 1” right, 1” bottom
Title of Thesis
Same wording as on Title Page. All capital letters, centered, in boldface. (Exception:
genus, species, chemical element symbols should be upper and lower case and in italics
as needed to comply with the practice of the discipline)
Double space if more than one line; no period at the end of the title
Committee Member Names and Positions
Names include degrees, placing a comma after the name and before the degree.
The committee chair takes first signature position. Members are listed in alphabetical order thereafter.
Place the Associate Provost signature position at the bottom left margin of the page.
17
THE THESIS TITLE IS CENTERED IN ALL CAPS AT THE TOP OF THE PAGE.
THE TITLE IS ALSO DOUBLE SPACED IF IT RUNS MORE THAN ONE LINE
(Begin “approved” and signature lines so that dean’s name hits bottom of page)
Approved:
(Approved is placed three single spaces above the signature line)
Louis A. Harveson, Ph.D., Chair
(Place three single spaces between each name and signature line)
Ryan Luna, Ph.D.
Bonnie Warnock, Ph.D.
Approved: (Approved is placed two single spaces below the final committee member’s name)
(Dean’s names should be placed in the bottom left side of the page)
(Place three single spaces between approved and signature line)
Robert J. Kinucan, Ph.D., Associate Provost of Graduate Studies
Abstract (See sample on next page)
General Format
This is the first numbered page, lower case Roman numeral (iii). Page numbers
are outside the prescribed margins; everything else is inside the margins
ABSTRACT is bold (major heading)
Margins are 1” left, 1” top, 1” right, 1” bottom
Text
Begins one double space below heading
Length of text: no more than one page
Lines are double-spaced
Use paragraph style
No numbered references or formal citations in abstract
19
Margins are 1” left,
1” top, 1” right, and
1” bottom
ABSTRACT
The text of the Abstract starts two double spaces below the heading. The text of the
Abstract is double-spaced according to the spacing style of the text of the thesis. Follow the same
margin settings as your narrative text, as well as the same right alignment (ragged edge).
Your Abstract must be a “complete snapshot” of your manuscript. Paragraph one
introduces your specific problem and the methods used. The remaining paragraphs present the
research and results in detail. Text of the Abstract should not exceed one page.
Page is counted and numbered,
lower case Roman numeral
beginning with “iii”, bottom
center of page.
iii
Optional Preliminary Pages (See samples on the following pages)
Copyright Page
Optional page - follows the title page (no page number); not counted in page numbering
Is located at the bottom of the page
Includes thesis title (in title case), student name and year - all lines double spaced
Is in same type size and style as text (no bolding on this page)
Is not included in the Table of Contents
Dedication
Optional page - follows the Abstract
If listing preliminary pages in Table of Contents, include Dedication
Heading is in boldface
Limited to one page
Is in same type size and style as text
Vertical spacing, paragraph style, and margins are same as used in text
Acknowledgements
Optional--Limited to four pages
Follows the Dedication Page (or Abstract, if no Dedication)
If listing preliminary pages in Table of Contents, include Acknowledgments
Heading is in boldface
Ensure that spelling for “acknowledgements” is as shown here and consistent (alternate
spelling of “acknowledgments” is unacceptable)
Is in same type size and style as text
Vertical spacing, paragraph style, and margins are same as used in text
21
Margins are 1” left,
1” top, 1” right, and
1” bottom
The Development and Improvement of Instructions for Theses in the College of
Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences
Copyright 2010 Pamela Sue Pipes
Page is NOT counted and NOT
numbered.
Margins are 1” left,
1” top, 1” right, and
1” bottom
DEDICATION
I dedicate this thesis to my mother who taught me the importance of perseverance and
hard work.
Page is counted and numbered
continuously with lower case iv Roman numeral.
Margins are 1” left,
1” top, 1” right, and
1” bottom
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to thank my committee chair, Dr. Smith, and my committee members, Dr.
Jones, Dr. Morton, Dr. Anderson, and Prof. Benner, for their guidance and support throughout
the course of this research.
Thanks also to my friends and colleagues and the department faculty and staff for making
my time at Texas A&M University a great experience. I also want to extend my gratitude to the
National Education Foundation, which provided the survey instrument, and to all the Texas
elementary teachers and students who were willing to participate in the study.
Page is counted and numbered
continuously with lower case v
Roman numeral.
25
Table of Contents (See samples on the following pages)
General Format
No bold on this page (exception, heading “TABLE OF CONTENTS” is in boldface)
No italics on this page (except for Latin terms, titles of works, etc.)
Put the word “Page” above page number column Insert leader dots between listings and page numbers. Double space above and below all major headings
Single space all subheadings and major headings if more than one line
If more than one page, need appropriate headings at the top of page (add “Page” above
page number column; add “CHAPTER” if a new chapter title is listed on the page)
Content
The Table of Contents must contain the major headings and the first level subheadings;
subordination of subheadings should be indicated by indention
Lower levels of subheadings are optional in the Table of Contents
Major headings are in all capital letters
Subheadings are in upper and lower case.
Preliminary pages are included in the Table of Contents; begin with ABSTRACT and
include all preliminary pages
Use the section method if presenting a single study or experiment.
o The first and last sections are INTRODUCTION and LITERATURE CITED
respectively. Other sections may include MATERIALS AND METHODS,
RESULTS, DISCUSSION, and CONCLUSIONS.
o Section titles are NOT numbered. Use the chapter method if you are presenting multiple studies or experiments.
o The first chapter is INTRODUCTION followed by stand-alone chapters for each
study or experiment each with subdivisions such as Introduction, Materials and
Methods, Discussion and Summary, Literature Cited
o Chapter numbers must be Roman (not Arabic) o Include a Literature Cited section in each chapter; do not have a separate
LITERATURE CITED chapter. See “Presentation of Material” on page 1.
Must show VITA
Consistency
Check against text for agreement of page numbers, levels and styles of major headings
and subheadings and the wording of major headings and subheadings (levels of subheadings are shown by indention)
Check for consistency of capitalization
Check that wording of APPENDIX listing matches exactly what is in text; Appendix
titles are optional, but if they are listed, they need to be in all capital letters
vi
Margins are 1” left,
1” top, 1” right, and
1” bottom
Sample of chapter method
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................... iii
Left tabs
at 0.38”,
0.88”,
and 1.13”
DEDICATION ....................................................................................................................... iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................................................................................... vi
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................... vii
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................. viii
LIST OF APPENDICES........................................................................................................ ix
CHAPTER
I INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 1
ADCPs ........................................................................................................ 3
Physical Environment of the Gulf of Mexico ............................................. 4
Overview of This Study.............................................................................. 8
Literature Cited ........................................................................................... 15
II ACOUSTIC BACKSCATTERING WITH THE 38-KHZ
ADCP................................................................................................................ 18
Introduction................................................................................................. 18
Methods....................................................................................................... 20
Results......................................................................................................... 24
Discussion ................................................................................................... 27
Literature .................................................................................................... 30
III DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATIONS AND THE DEEP
SCATTERING LAYER OBSERVED FROM THE 38-KHZ
ADCP................................................................................................................ 35
Introduction................................................................................................. 35
Methods....................................................................................................... 38
Results......................................................................................................... 40
Discussion................................................................................................... 43
Literature Cited ........................................................................................... 45
Right
tab at
6.5”
Left tab
with
leader
dots at
6.0”
If table of chapter listing continues onto a
second page, “CHAPTER” must appear at
the top of second page, flush left.
If table of contents continues onto a
second page, “Page” must appear at
the top of second page at the right
tab.
CHAPTER Page
IV DEEP SCATTERING LAYERS OF POTENTIAL PREY
SPECIES IN THE GULF OF MEXICO SPERM WHALE
DIVING RANGE.............................................................................................. 48
Introduction................................................................................................. 48
Methods....................................................................................................... 51
Results......................................................................................................... 55
Discussion ................................................................................................... 73
Literature Cited ........................................................................................... 75
VITA ...................................................................................................................................... 96
Page is counted and numbered
continuously with lower case
Roman numeral.
vii
Margins are 1” left,
1” top, 1” right, and
1” bottom
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sample of section method
Left tab
at 0.38”
Page
ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................... iii
DEDICATION ....................................................................................................................... iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................................................................................... vi
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................... vii
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................. ix
LIST OF APPENDICES........................................................................................................ x
INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................. 1
MATERIALS AND METHODS........................................................................................... 9
Study Area .................................................................................................................... 9
Climate.......................................................................................................................... 10
Geology......................................................................................................................... 12
Soils............................................................................................................................... 14
Prescribed Burning........................................................................................................ 17
Herbicide Application ................................................................................................... 20
Analysis......................................................................................................................... 21
RESULTS .............................................................................................................................. 23
Prescribed Burns ........................................................................................................... 23
Basal Ground Cover...................................................................................................... 25
Shrub Density................................................................................................................ 26
Shrub Canopy................................................................................................................ 28
Whitebrush.................................................................................................................... 30
DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................................ 40
Prescribed Burn............................................................................................................. 40
Herbicide Application ................................................................................................... 42
Right
tab at
6.5”
Left
tab
with
leader
dots at
6.0”
Page is counted and numbered continuously with lower case Roman numeral. vi
Page
CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................... 44
Summary....................................................................................................................... 44
Management and Implications ...................................................................................... 46
LITERATURE CITED .......................................................................................................... 49
VITA ...................................................................................................................................... 56
Page is counted and numbered
continuously with lower case
Roman numeral.
vii
Lists of Figures, Tables, and Appendices (see samples on following pages)
General Format
Heading (LIST OF FIGURES or LIST OF TABLES) is bold
Include list if two or more figures (or tables) are in main body of text
Need separate list for tables and separate list for figures; either list may come first
Need “Page” above page number column
Need “FIGURE” (or “TABLE”) above appropriate column Insert leader dots between last word of title and page number Double space between figure (table) titles, single space title if two or more lines
If list is more than one page, need appropriate column headings on each page
Content
Each figure (or table) must have a unique title; no two titles may be exactly the same
Need to include the entire title in List
Parenthetical information may be excluded from the List
Consistency
Check against text for agreement of page numbers
Figure/table titles in the LIST OF TABLES (or FIGURES) must agree word for word
with the title in the text
Check consistency of capitalization
List of Appendices
General Format
Heading (LIST OF APPENDICES) is bold
Include list if two or more appendices are included
Need “Page” above page number column
Need “APPENDIX” above appropriate column Insert leader dots between last word of title and page number Double space between appendix titles, single space title if two or more lines
If list is more than one page, need appropriate column headings on each page
Content
Each appendix must have a unique title; no two titles may be exactly the same
Need to include the entire title in List
Parenthetical information may be excluded from the List
30
Margins are 1” left,
1” top, 1” right, and
1” bottom
LIST OF FIGURES
Set
right
tab at
6.5”
FIGURE Page
Set
left
tabs at
0.25”
and
0.63”
Set
decimal
tab at
0.25”
Set left
tab at
0.63”
1 Equipment ............................................................................................................... #
2 Flow Chart .............................................................................................................. #
3 Location of Study Area ........................................................................................... #
4 Map of Brazos County............................................................................................ #
5 Major Tributaries of the Navasota River between
Highway 45 and Highway 6 ................................................................................... #
6 Debris Collected at Bridge #72............................................................................... #
Use the style above if you are presenting your thesis in sections. Figures are numbered
consecutively throughout without regard to section. Use the style below if you are presenting
your thesis in chapters. Figures are numbered consecutively by chapter.
LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE Page
1.1 Equipment ............................................................................................................... #
1.2 Flow Chart .............................................................................................................. #
2.1 Location of Study Area ........................................................................................... #
2.2 Map of Brazos County............................................................................................ #
2.3 Major Tributaries of the Navasota River between
Highway 45 and Highway 6 ................................................................................... #
3.1 Debris Collected at Bridge #72............................................................................... #
Set
left
tab at
6.0”
Page is counted and numbered
continuously with lower case
Roman numeral.
viii
Page is counted and numbered continuously with lower case
Roman numeral.
ix
Set 1
left
tabs at 0.25”
2
and
0.63”
Margins are 1” left,
1” top, 1” right, and
1” bottom
Use same leader dot and page number
tab setting as for List of Figures.
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE Page
Weather conditions collected for prescribed burns on the Paisano
Ranch, Brewster County, Texas, 2007.................................................................... #
Summary values for Whitebrush (Aloysia gratissima) in the Marathon
Basin, Brewster County, Texas, 2007..................................................................... #
3 Treatment cost analysis for Whitebrush (Aloysia gratissima)
In Brewster County, Texas, 2010 ........................................................................... #
Use the style above if you are presenting your thesis in sections. Tables are numbered
consecutively throughout without regard to section. Use the style below if you are presenting
your thesis in chapters. Tables are numbered consecutively by chapter.
LIST OF TABLES
Set
decimal
tab at
0.25”
Set left
tab at
0.63”
TABLE Page
1.1 Weather conditions collected for prescribed burns on the Paisano
Ranch, Brewster County, Texas, 2007.................................................................... #
1.2 Summary values for Whitebrush (Aloysia gratissima) in the Marathon
Basin, Brewster County, Texas, 2007..................................................................... #
2.1 Treatment cost analysis for Whitebrush (Aloysia gratissima)
In Brewster County, Texas, 2010 ........................................................................... #
Page is counted and numbered continuously with lower case
Roman numeral. x
Set
left
tabs at
0.38”
and
0.88
”
A
B
C
Margins are 1” left,
1” top, 1” right, and
1” bottom
Use same leader dot and page number tab
setting as for Lists of Figures and Tables.
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX Page
Results from Experimental and Control Runs .................................................. #
Demographics of Sample: Control and Experimental Schools
in the San Antonio School District ................................................................... #
Growth of Bilingual Students Experimental Group.......................................... #
Vita (See sample next page)
Vita is the last page of the thesis and is limited to one page.
The font (including style and size) needs to be the same as the text.
The heading (VITA) is in boldface.
Vita must include your name, a permanent address, and educational background. Because
the thesis will be available on the Internet and there are increasing privacy concerns, it is
recommended that the student not include information such as date of birth, parents’
names, and personal address in the Vita.
Wording of name needs to agree with name on first three pages of thesis.
Need a permanent address, good for two years. Professional address or SRSU department
address is recommended (rather than a personal address) due to availability of thesis
worldwide on the Internet.
Need educational background for all previous degrees, bachelor‘s level and above.
Include degree, major subject, university and date of graduation. You may also include
the current degree. Other information is optional but encouraged: professional
experience, publications, business or academic information. (Because the thesis will be
available on the Internet the student should avoid including personal information.)
34
Margins are 1” left,
1” top, 1” right, and
1” bottom
VITA
Name: Constance Sorrough
Address: Department of Natural Resource Management
College of Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences
Sul Ross State University
Box C-2
Alpine, TX 79832
E-mail Address: [email protected]
Education: B.S., Wildlife Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, 2009
M.S., Natural Resource Management, Sul Ross State University,
Alpine, 2011
Research Interests: Pronghorn ecology and behavior in desert grasslands.
Page is counted and numbered 35 continuously, Arabic numeral.
Chapter Method: sample page 1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW
Use the chapter method when you are presenting multiple studies or experiments. Begin
with a general introduction chapter, followed by a chapter for each study or experiment. Each of
these chapters must stand alone, with separate sections such as introduction, methods, results,
discussion, conclusions, and literature cited. Each chapter must have its own literature cited
section. Do not include a separate chapter for literature cited.
The major heading consists of the chapter designation (CHAPTER I) and the title. Both
are centered, in all capital letters, and in boldface. Number the chapters using Roman numerals.
Maintain double spacing between chapter designation and chapter title.
Standard margins on this page, and on all text pages, are 1.5” left, 1.0” right, 1.0” top,
and 1.0” bottom. The page number (Arabic) 1 is outside the margin, in the upper right corner.
Number every page of the thesis in sequence through to the Vita, which is the last page.
If the chapter title is longer than one line, use spacing of text between the lines of the title
(double space). Insert one or two double spaces between chapter title and text; be consistent for
all chapters.
The journal model sentence is a complete sentence with a period at the end (not a
numbered footnote or footer), which goes at the bottom of page 1, within the prescribed margin.
Separate this sentence from text with a one-inch horizontal line (12 underscores if using 12-point
font).
This thesis follows the style of Rangeland Ecology & Management.
36 Arabic numeral page numbering begins on
first page of Chapter 1 with Arabic numeral
“1” at the bottom of page, centered.
Line spacing between the horizontal line and the journal model sentence must be a single
space. Put the journal name in italics if journal names in reference section are italicized.
Otherwise use regular typeface for journal name. If there are footnotes in your document, type
size of journal model sentence must match type size of footnotes.
37
Section Method: sample page 1
INTRODUCTION
Use the section method when you are presenting a single experiment or study. The
section title is centered in all capital letters and in boldface. First and last sections are
INTRODUCTION and LITERATURE CITED respectively. Other section titles may include
MATERIALS AND METHODS, RESULTS, DISCUSSION, and CONCLUSIONS. Section
titles and subheadings are not numbered. No punctuation occurs at the end of section titles. Do
not use the word “chapter” in your text since your work is not organized in chapters. The font
size must be the same as that chosen for the text. Spacing between section title and text needs to
be consistent for all sections (double space, or 2 double spaces).
Standard margins on this page, and on all text pages, are 1.5” left, 1.0” right, 1.0” top,
and 1.0” bottom. The page number (Arabic) 1 is above the margin (in the header), in the upper
right corner. Number every page of the thesis in sequence through to the last page (Vita).
The journal model sentence is a complete sentence with a period at the end (not a numbered
footnote or footer), at the bottom of page 1, within the prescribed margin. Separate this sentence
from text with a one–inch horizontal line (12 underscores if using a 12-point font). Line spacing
between the horizontal line and the journal model sentence must be a single space. Put the
journal name in italics if journal names in reference section are italicized. If there are footnotes
in your document, type size of journal model sentence must match type size of footnotes.
This thesis follows the style of Adult Education Quarterly.
38 Page numbering begins with Arabic numeral
“1” bottom center.
39
SUBHEADING STYLES
First-order Subheadings
First-order subheadings are placed flush left in boldface using standard rules of title case
capitalization. Subheadings are not numbered. First-order subheadings must be included in the
Table of Contents. Maintain double spacing above and below all subheadings. Use double
spacing for subheadings more than one line in length.
Second-order subheadings
Second-order subheadings are placed flush left in boldface italics using standard rules of
sentence case capitalization. Second-order subheadings must be included in the Table of
Contents.
Third-order subheadings
Third-order subheadings are placed flush left in italics using standard rules of sentence
case capitalization. Third-order subheadings s do not need to be included in the Table of
Contents. Fourth-order subheadings are strongly discouraged.
40
FIGURES AND TABLES
Figure Placement and Size
Figures need to be within the set text margins. Figures must appear on the first page after
the first mention in the text. You may place more than one figure per page. Other than figure
titles, no other text appears on the page. Text within figures needs to be large enough to read
mm or about 7 pt type). Related figures may be grouped into a single figure, and are
distinguished by labels (e.g., A, B, C). Captions will generally include each part label with an
explanation for each (see Figure 1 caption for an example). Do not place borders around figures.
Figure Titles
Type size and style for titles is the same as that chosen for the text. Titles more than one
line in length are double spaced. Do not indent the first line of figure titles (flush left).
Figures on Landscape Pages
If a figure is large and needs to be placed in landscape orientation in order to be legible,
page number placement must be adjusted to appear in the landscape position (Figure 2).
Continued Figures
If a figure or a table continues to the next page, the full figure title goes on the first page, and
“Figure 1. Continued.” goes on the next page.
41
A)
B)
Figure 1. Effect of substrate on growth rate; comparing minimal media (A) to enriched media
(B).
Figure 2. Average monthly arctic sea ice extent.
42
43
Table Placement and Size
As with figures, tables are placed on the first page after the first mention in the text. More
than one table may appear on a page. No text appears on pages with tables other than the title(s).
Table titles are numbered by chapter (if using the chapter method) or numbered consecutively
throughout the thesis (if using the section method). Their titles need to be consistent, as figure
titles. Use horizontal lines to separate table header rows from the data. Do not use vertical lines
to separate rows or columns of data. Center data in table cells.
Table Titles
Type size and style for titles is the same as that chosen for the text. Titles more than one
line in length are double spaced. Do not indent the first line of table titles (flush left).
Tables on Landscape Pages
As with figures on landscape pages, page number placement must be adjusted to appear
in the landscape position for tables placed in landscape orientation.
Continued Tables
If a table continues to the next page, the full title goes on the first page, and “Table 1.
Continued.” goes on the next page (Table 1). If you have a continued table, repeat the column
headings.
44
Table 1. Effect of substrate on seedling height. Seedling height was measured in centimeters on
day 20.
Specimen
Substrate A
Substrate B
Substrate C
Substrate D
1
10
---
5
3
2
15
3
10
3
3
17
5
8
2
4
14
2
5
1
5
16
---
9
5
6
16
7
6
2
7
18
4
7
4
8
13
6
9
---
9
12
3
4
6
10
15
5
7
3
11
17
2
5
2
12
19
6
8
5
13
13
3
6
---
14
18
4
9
2
45
Table 1. Continued.
Specimen
Substrate A
Substrate B
Substrate C
Substrate D
15
16
5
10
3
16
13
---
7
4
17
12
---
5
6
18
15
2
8
5
19
22
4
6
2
20
16
3
9
7
21
15
7
7
4
22
16
5
7
5
23
11
4
7
3
46
PRINTING THE MANUSCRIPT
Legibility
The original must be created with a word processing program on a computer and must be
printed on a “letter quality” setting of the printer.
“Draft” level printed texts of the thesis are unacceptable
If copies are generated using a computer and printer, all copies must be printed in “letter
quality”.
Copies may also be generated using a photocopy machine, such as those found in the
Wildenthal Memorial Library or the Graduate Student Center.
Additional copies of the thesis may be required by your department. Check with your
advisor.
Corrections
Corrections must be made on a computer.
Corrections made by hand are not acceptable.
Paper
Paper size is 8.5 x 11.0 inches.
Paper must be at least twenty-weight bond, with a minimum 25% cotton content.
Electronic Submission
1. Completion of Thesis Submission
After all revisions required by the Committee Chair have been made and the final thesis
revisions have been approved by the Associate Provost of Graduate Studies, a final, electronic
submission of the thesis must be made before the student will be approved for
graduation.
This final, electronic submission will be made through the ProQuest web site designated for
the use of Sul Ross State University. Follow these steps to create an account and submit your
thesis:
1. Go to ProQuest (http://www.etdadmin.com/cgibin/student/etd?siteId=585) and
click “submit my dissertation/thesis.”
2. Create an account with a username and password. A verification email will be sent to you. 3. After you log in with your username and password, you will be at the main Sul Ross page
in Proquest. Here you will find important instructions on how to submit your thesis. This
is also where you will pay for your thesis copies and submit your final thesis as a PDF file.
Electronic Submission
47
A student must submit his or her thesis electronically through ProQuest in order to
receive approval for graduation and in order to arrange for printing and binding of the
thesis.
At the time of electronic submission, the student will be asked to pay for the required four
copies (two copies for the Wildenthal Memorial Library, including one copy for the archives,
one copy for the department, and one copy for the student), using a credit card or a Visa debit
card.
At the time of electronic submission, students will also be able to order additional personal
copies of the thesis and to make decisions about copyright, the abstract, open access, etc.
PDF Conversion
In order to complete the required electronic submission, the student must convert the
thesis file from a word-processing file to a PDF.
ATTENTION:
When the approved thesis is turned into a PDF document in preparation for
electronic submission to ProQuest, the student must alter the signature page,
according to the following instructions:
o Remove the signature lines from the signature page.
o Retain the typed committee names (with titles) and the typed name of the
Associate Provost of Graduate Studies (with title).
o Retain the title from the original signature page.
o Retain the original spacing from the original signature page (except for signature
lines).
o Place the altered signature page after the title page of the thesis in the PDF
document.
When converting the thesis to a PDF, students should pay particular attention to the
following formatting requirements from ProQuest/UMI. Students requiring help in
converting to a PDF should contact the Graduate Center.
2. PDF Formatting Requirements
On the Sul Ross page at the ProQuest web site, there is a link to formatting requirements under
“Resources and Guidelines” and then “Preparing Your Manuscript for Submission (Including
Supplemental Files)” that each student should consult at this stage of the submission process.
Students should pay close attention to the following:
Embedded Fonts
48
ProQuest absolutely requires that all fonts be embedded in the thesis PDF. This may
be done at the very beginning, before the thesis is typed using a word-processing program
such as Microsoft Word, or it may be done at the PDF stage. The Sul Ross page on the
ProQuest/UMI web site has information about converting word-processing files to PDF
form.
Margins
Thesis margins must be one inch (1") all around (top, bottom, left, right) in the PDF file.
PDF Settings
1. Make sure there is no password protection on the PDF.
2. Ensure that security settings allow printing.
3. Approval of Electronic Submission
The electronic submission of the thesis must be checked and approved by the Provost's office
before a student can be cleared for graduation. Students should contact the Office of the
Provost for more information.
49
THESIS SUBMISSION TIMETABLE
Draft of Thesis to the Chair At least 16 weeks prior to commencement, a draft of the thesis must be submitted to the
committee chair for review.
Draft of Thesis to Committee
After making the necessary revisions recommended by the chair, the draft thesis is submitted to
the committee. The deadline for submission to the committee is at least 8 weeks prior to
commencement. Students are encouraged to work closely with their advisors throughout the
thesis writing process so that lengthy delays are avoided.
Thesis Defense
At least 6 weeks prior to commencement, the student must publicly defend the thesis.
Announcements of the defense must be posted in the appropriate College office and the office of
the College of Graduate Studies at least one week in advance of the defense. Following the
defense, further revision of the thesis may be required by the committee before approval is
granted.
Final Draft of Thesis to College of Graduate Studies
At least 4 weeks prior to commencement an original copy of the thesis and an appropriate
number of the thesis approval page must be submitted to the College of Graduate Studies for
review and approval. Photocopies of one original approval page with signatures are acceptable.
All signature pages should be printed/copied on the required bond paper.
Electronic submission to ProQuest
At least 2 weeks prior to commencement a pdf version of the thesis should be submitted to
ProQuest for online publication. Four bound copies of the thesis will be purchased through
ProQuest.
50
*Although not required, the student may purchase additional copies for family, thesis committee
chair, research sponsors, etc. The College is under no obligation to assist the student with
purchase of additional copies, but may assist at the discretion of the advisor contingent upon
availability of funds.
Submission Schedule
16 weeks prior to commencement
Draft of thesis to the chair
8 weeks prior to commencement Draft of thesis to committee
6 week prior to commencement Publicly defend thesis
4 weeks prior to commencement Final draft of thesis to College of Graduate Studies
2 weeks prior to commencement Electronic submission to ProQuest
The above schedule is firm. There will be NO exceptions. Missing deadlines may result in
delayed graduation.
In addition, students must:
Register for the semester* in which you intend to graduate.
Apply for graduation and pay graduation fee (application form available in the Dean’s
office).
*You may graduate in any semester, but you should plan to submit and defend your thesis in
long semesters only. Faculty members are typically retained on 9 month appointments. This
means that they are usually not paid to work during the summer months. If your committee
members are not supported through the summer, they may be unavailable to assist you with
review, revision, and defense of your thesis in summer sessions.
51
APPENDIX 1
COPYRIGHT AND YOUR DISSERTATION OR THESIS
52
53
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APPENDIX 2
PROPER ACKNOWLEDGEMENT IN TEXT FOR COPYRIGHT MATERIAL
When material is taken from a copyrighted source, proper credit must be given on the first page
of the chapter or section containing the material. This statement is placed at the bottom of the
page as a footnote. The note should be single spaced, asterisked (add an asterisk at the end of the
chapter title at top of the page also) and include mention of permission from the copyright holder
to reprint. It may also include a copyright notice (and it must if requested to do so). The wording
of the note is sometimes given in the letter from the publisher granting permission to reprint. If
so, follow it exactly, filling in the particulars. If not, give enough information to clearly identify
the work.
The following are samples for reprinting from a journal and from a book:
1. When reprinting from a journal:
*Reprinted with permission from “Title of Article” by Authors’ Names, Year. Journal Name,
Volume Number, Page Range, Copyright [YEAR] by Name of Copyright Holder.
2. When reprinting from a book:
*Reprinted with permission from Title of Book, by Author’s Name, Year, Publisher’s Name,
Location of Publisher. Copyright [YEAR] by Name of Copyright Holder.
If only part of the chapter is from a copyrighted source, the note may be worded to reflect the
fact. For example: “Part of the data reported in this chapter is reprinted with permission...” or
“Part of this chapter is reprinted with permission....”
If parts of the published article appear in several chapters, the footnote will appear at the bottom
of the first page of each chapter in which the material appears. (See previous paragraph for
proper wording.)
The particular style (italics, quotation marks, volume and page information, etc.) will follow the
style of your reference section.
57
APPENDIX 3
LANDSCAPE FIGURES AND TABLES
When a figure or table needs to be larger than the defined margins of a portrait page, the page
may be rotated to landscape orientation. This can be useful if you need to read small text or see
the figure in greater detail.
If a table or figure is placed lengthwise (landscape position), there are a few things to consider
with regards to formatting: margins and page number placement.
The margin on the binding edge of your thesis must be 1.5”. For a portrait page, the binding
edge is the left margin. For a landscape page, the binding edge is the top margin.
In order to place a Landscape oriented figure or table in your document, the page number must
be moved from the standard landscape position to the portrait position. This way, when the
document is bound, all of the page numbers will be facing the same direction as you page
through the manuscript.
There should be no text (other than the figure/table title) on the same page as a landscaped
figure/table. Figure/table titles should be oriented in the same direction as the figure.
Isolate the Figure/Table That Must be in Landscape Position with Section Breaks
1. Position the cursor before the figure/table. Go to the Page Layout Tab, click Breaks,
and then choose Section Break, Next Page (Figure 1).
2. Position the cursor under the figure/table and repeat step 1. If any blank pages have
been added, delete them.
Orient Page into Landscape Position
3. On the page that will be changed to landscape, double click the page number to open
the header.
4. Turn the “Same as Previous” option off. To do this, click on the “Link to Previous”
toggle button in Navigation Section of the Header and Footer Design Tab (Figure 2).
Do this for both Header and Footer.
5. Repeat Step 4 for the portrait page following also.
6. Close the Header and Footer, and go to the page with the figure that will be
landscaped.
58
7. In the Page Layout Tab, open the Page Layout window (Figure 3). Select Landscape
orientation and confirm that the margins are correct for a landscape page with a top
margin of 1.5” and all others 1” (Figure 4). The selected page will be changed to
landscape; all other pages will remain portrait. If extra pages were created, delete
them.
Fix Page Numbers
8. Position the cursor on the landscape page. In the Insert Tab, click Page Number, then
Format Page Numbers. Check the “Continue from previous section” option (Figures 5
and 6).
9. Repeat Step 8 for the portrait page following also.
10. In the landscaped page, double click on the page number to open the Header.
Highlight the page number, and delete it (Figure 7).
11. Exit Headers/Footers by double clicking in the text area.
12. Enlarge the figure to fill the space on the page. Be sure to stay within the margins
(Figure 8).
Orient Page Number on Landscaped Page(s)
13. In the Insert tab, select Text Box then Draw Text Box (Figure 9).
14. Draw a text box. The size and position does not matter – you will change it in the
next step.
15. In the Text Box Tools Format tab, resize the box to 2’ tall and 1” wide (Figure 10).
16. Reposition the box by dragging it to the lower right corner.
17. Remove the text box border by selecting Change Outline, then No Outline (Figure
11).
18. Click inside the text box, type the appropriate page number, then change the text
direction (Figure 12).
19. On the Home tab, center the page number in the text box by selecting the center
button. Move the number down two lines in the box (to the left) by placing the cursor
in front of the number and pressing the enter key twice (Figure 13).
59
20. Print the landscape page and the preceding portrait page to compare number position.
This method should result in landscape page numbers that are exactly placed for
portrait orientation. However, if adjustment is required, make changes to the size and
position of the text box or the position of the number inside the text box until you
have a match.
58
Figure 1. Creating section breaks.
FIGURES
59
Figure 2. Unlink the section from the previous section.
60
Figure 3. View the Page Setup window.
Figure 4. Select Landscape and confirm margins are correct.
61
Figure 5. Format page number.
Figure 6. Continue from previous section.
62
Figure 7. Delete the page number.
63
Figure 8. Enlarge the figure to fill the space.
64
Figure 9. Draw a text box.
65
Figure 10. Resize and position the text box.
66
Figure 11. Remove the border.
67
Figure 12. Type the page number and change the text direction.
68
Figure 13. Position the page number in the text box.
69
APPENDIX 4
PAGE NUMBERING IN WORD 2007
To properly set up the page numbers you must create 3 sections in your word document: section
1 for the title page, optional copyright page, and approval page; section 2 for the remainder of
the front matter (abstract through to the last page before chapter or section 1); and section 3 for
the text of the thesis through the vita. (You may have more than 3 sections if you insert
landscape page(s) – see Appendix 3.)
1) Create section breaks.
Put the blinking cursor at the bottom of your Approval Page (page 2 of your document).
In the “Page Layout” group, under the “Breaks” menu, click on “Next Page” to create the
section breaks.
Go to the blank page that might have been inserted and delete it.
Insert another Next Page (Section Break) at the bottom of your last preliminary page
(just before Chapter 1 starts). Delete blank pages inserted.
2) Unlink the section headers and footers.
Double click in the header region of the abstract page.
Under the Header and Footer Tools - Design tab, de-select “Link to Previous”.
Repeat for the footer region of section 2, and for the header and footer regions of section
3. You will know when “Same as Previous” is turned off when these words no longer
appear below the dotted line in the header and footer space.
2) Now you will insert the page numbers for section 2.
Move your blinking cursor to the Abstract Page (3rd Page).
In the “Insert” group, choose “Page Number” menu. Position page numbers at the bottom
of the page, alignment is center.
In the “Insert” group, under the “Page Number” menu, click on the “Format Page
Numbers” option. Select the following options.
Number format: i,ii,iii,…
Start at: iii
Click ok
70
4) Insert page numbers for section 3.
Now, move your blinking cursor to the first page of your chapters.
In the “Insert” group, choose “Page Number” menu. Position page numbers at the bottom
of the page, alignment is centered.
Select Insert->Page Numbers ->format (make the following selections)
Number format: 1,2,3,…
Start at: 1
Click ok
71
Page Numbering In Your Manuscript Diagram
Title Page Approval Optional
Copyright
Page
Page
These pages have no page
numbers
The rest of the front matter will
be numbered iii, iv, v, etc…
Abstract
iii
The rest of the manuscript will
be numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc… Chapter 1
1
72
APPENDIX 5
PROQUEST/UMI PUBLISHING AGREEMENT
73
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UMI Dissertations 2011-2012 UMI® Publishing Agreement
This Agreement is between the author (Author) and ProQuest LLC, through its UMI•Dissertation Publishing business (ProQuest/UMI). Under this
Agreement, Author grants ProQuest/UMI certain rights to preserve, archive and publish the dissertation or thesis, abstract, and index terms (the
Work) provided by Author to ProQuest/UMI.
Section I. License for Inclusion of the Work in
UMI® Publishing Program.
Grant of Rights. Author hereby grants to ProQuest/UMI the non
exclusive, worldwide right to reproduce, distribute, display and
transmit the Work (in whole orin part) insuch tangible and
electronic formats as may be inexistence now or developed in the
future. Author further grants to ProQuest/UMI the right to include
the abstract, bibliography and other metadata inthe ProQuest
Dissertations & Theses database (PQDT) and in ProQuest/UM I's
Dissertation Abstracts International and any successor or related
index and/or finding products or services.
UMI Publishing Program· Election and Elements. The rights
granted above shall be exercised according to the publishing option
selected by Author in Section Ill, Author Options, and subject to the
following additional Publishing Program requirements :
Redistribution of the Work. Except as restricted by Author in
the publishing option selected, the rights granted by Author
automatically include (1) the right to allow sale and distribution
of the Work, inwhole or in part, by agents and distributors,
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the right to make the Abstract, bibliographic data and any meta
data associated with the Work available to search engines and
harvesters.
• Restrictions. ProQuest/UMI will use commercially reasonable
efforts to restrict the distribution of the Work as provided
under the publishing option selected by Author or as later
elected by Author through direct contact with ProQuest/UMI.
Such election is subject to Author's Degree Granting Institution
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Degree Granting Institution Directives. Author is solely
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Copyright and Deposit with the Library of Congress . At Author's
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Section 11-A. Rights pursuant to Traditional
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Author 's election ofTraditional as the Type of Publishing confirms
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Traditional Publishing. ProQuest/UMI may exercise the rights
granted under Section I above including through the sale of
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Publishing Fees and Royalties. Author's payment of the dissertation
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institution may assess additional fees to be collected along w ith the
publishing fee. ProQuest/UMI will pay royalties of 10%of its net
revenue from sales of the Work, conditioned on Author maintaining
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royalty payment obligation will cease.
Section 11-B. Rights pursuant to Open Access
Publishing PLUS.
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APPENDIX 6
THESIS EXAMPLE: CHAPTER METHOD
THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPROVEMENT OF INSTRUCTIONS FOR THESES IN
THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL AND NATURAL RESOURCE SCIENCES
A Thesis
by
PAMELA SUE PIPES
Submitted to the College of Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences of
Sul Ross State University
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
August 2011
Major Subject: Range and Wildlife Management
The Development and Improvement of Instructions for Theses in the College of Agricultural and
Natural Resource Sciences
Copyright 2010 Pamela Sue Pipes
THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPROVEMENT OF INSTRUCTIONS FOR THESES IN
THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL AND NATURAL RESOURCE SCIENCES
A Thesis
by
PAMELA SUE PIPES
Approved as to style and content by:
Louis A. Harveson, Ph.D.
(Chair of Committee)
Patricia Moody Harveson, Ph.D.
(Co-Chair of Committee)
Robert Kinucan, Ph.D. Kevin Urbanczyck, Ph.D.
(Member) (Member)
Robert Kinucan, Ph.D.
Dean of Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences
ABSTRACT
The text of the Abstract starts two double spaces below the heading. The text of the
Abstract is double-spaced according to the spacing style of the text of the thesis. Follow the same
margin settings as your narrative text, as well as the same right alignment (ragged edge).
Your Abstract must be a “complete snapshot” of your manuscript. Paragraph one
introduces your specific problem and the methods used. The remaining paragraphs present the research and results in detail. Text of the Abstract should not exceed one page.
DEDICATION
I dedicate this thesis to my mother who taught me the importance of perseverance and
hard work.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to thank my committee chair, Dr. Smith, and my committee members, Dr.
Jones, Dr. Morton, Dr. Anderson, and Prof. Benner, for their guidance and support throughout
the course of this research.
Thanks also to my friends and colleagues and the department faculty and staff for making
my time at Texas A&M University a great experience. I also want to extend my gratitude to the
National Education Foundation, which provided the survey instrument, and to all the Texas
elementary teachers and students who were willing to participate in the study.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................... iii
DEDICATION ....................................................................................................................... iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................................................................................... vi
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................... vii
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................. ix
LIST OF APPENDICES........................................................................................................ x
CHAPTER
I INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 1
ADCPs ........................................................................................................ 3
Physical Environment of the Gulf of Mexico ............................................. 4
Overview of This Study .............................................................................. 8
Literature Cited ........................................................................................... 15
II ACOUSTIC BACKSCATTERING WITH THE 38-KHZ
ADCP................................................................................................................ 18
Introduction................................................................................................. 18
Methods....................................................................................................... 20
Results......................................................................................................... 24
Discussion ................................................................................................... 27
Literature Cited ........................................................................................... 30
III DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATIONS AND THE DEEP
SCATTERING LAYER OBSERVED FROM THE 38-KHZ
ADCP................................................................................................................ 35
Introduction................................................................................................. 35
Methods....................................................................................................... 38
Results......................................................................................................... 40
Discussion................................................................................................... 43
Literature Cited ........................................................................................... 45
CHAPTER Page
IV DEEP SCATTERING LAYERS OF POTENTIAL PREY
SPECIES IN THE GULF OF MEXICO SPERM WHALE
DIVING RANGE.............................................................................................. 48
Introduction................................................................................................. 48
Methods....................................................................................................... 51
Results......................................................................................................... 55
Discussion ................................................................................................... 73
Literature Cited ........................................................................................... 75
VITA ...................................................................................................................................... 96
LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE Page
1.1 Equipment ............................................................................................................... #
1.2 Flow Chart .............................................................................................................. #
2.1 Location of Study Area ........................................................................................... #
2.2 Map of Brazos County............................................................................................ #
2.3 Major Tributaries of the Navasota River between
Highway 45 and Highway 6 ................................................................................... #
3.1 Debris Collected at Bridge #72............................................................................... #
LIST OF TABLES TABLE Page
1.1 Weather conditions collected for prescribed burns on the Paisano
Ranch, Brewster County, Texas, 2007.................................................................... #
1.2 Summary values for Whitebrush (Aloysia gratissima) in the Marathon
Basin, Brewster County, Texas, 2007..................................................................... #
2.1 Treatment cost analysis for Whitebrush (Aloysia gratissima)
In Brewster County, Texas, 2010 ........................................................................... #
LIST OF APPENDICES APPENDIX Page
A Results from Experimental and Control Runs .................................................. #
B Demographics of Sample: Control and Experimental Schools
in the San Antonio School District ................................................................... #
C Growth of Bilingual Students Experimental Group.......................................... #
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW
Use the chapter method when you are presenting multiple studies or experiments. Begin
with a general introduction chapter, followed by a chapter for each study or experiment. Each of
these chapters must stand alone, with separate sections such as introduction, methods, results,
discussion, conclusions, and literature cited. Each chapter must have its own literature cited
section. Do not include a separate chapter for literature cited.
The major heading consists of the chapter designation (CHAPTER I) and the title. Both
are centered, in all capital letters, and in boldface. Number the chapters using Roman numerals.
Maintain double spacing between chapter designation and chapter title.
Standard margins on this page, and on all text pages, are 1.5” left, 1.0” right, 1.0” top,
and 1.0” bottom. The page number (Arabic) 1 is outside the margin, in the upper right
corner. Number every page of the thesis in sequence through to the Vita, which is the last
page.
If the chapter title is longer than one line, use spacing of text between the lines of the title
(double space). Insert one or two double spaces between chapter title and text; be consistent for
all chapters.
The journal model sentence is a complete sentence with a period at the end (not a
numbered footnote or footer), which goes at the bottom of page 1, within the prescribed margin.
Separate this sentence from text with a one-inch horizontal line (12 underscores
This thesis follows the style of Rangeland Ecology & Management.
if using 12-point type size). Line spacing between the horizontal line and the journal model
2
sentence must be a single space. Put the journal name in italics if journal names in reference
section are italicized. Otherwise use regular typeface for journal name. If there are footnotes in
your document, type size of journal model sentence must match type size of footnotes.
3
CHAPTER II
SAMPLE PAGE SHOWING SUBHEADINGS
First-order Subheadings
First-order subheadings are placed flush left in boldface using standard rules of title case
capitalization. Subheadings are not numbered. First-order subheadings must be included in the
Table of Contents. Maintain double spacing above and below all subheadings. Use double
spacing for subheadings more than one line in length.
Second-order subheadings
Second-order subheadings are placed flush left in boldface italics using standard rules of
sentence case capitalization. Second-order subheadings must be included in the Table of
Contents.
Third-order subheadings
Third-order subheadings are placed flush left in italics using standard rules of sentence
case capitalization. Third-order subheadings s do not need to be included in the Table of
Contents. Fourth-order subheadings are strongly discouraged.
4
CHAPTER III
SAMPLE PAGES SHOWING A FIGURE AND A TABLE
Figure Placement and Size
Figures need to be within the set text margins. Figures must appear on the first page after
the first mention in the text. You may place more than one figure per page. Other than figure
titles, no other text appears on the page. Text within figures needs to be large enough to read
(1.5 mm or about 7 pt type). Related figures may be grouped into a single figure, and are
distinguished by labels (e.g., A, B, C). Captions will generally include each part label with an
explanation for each (see Figure 3.1 caption for an example). Do not place borders around
figures.
Figure Titles
Type size and style for titles is the same as that chosen for the text. Titles more than one
line in length are double spaced. Do not indent the first line of figure titles (flush left).
Figures on Landscape Pages
If a figure is large and needs to be placed in landscape orientation in order to be legible,
page number placement must be adjusted to appear in the landscape position (Figure 3.2).
Continued Figures
If a figure or a table continues to the next page, the full figure title goes on the first page, and
“Figure 1. Continued.” goes on the next page.
5
A)
B)
Figure 3.1. Effect of substrate on growth rate; comparing minimal media (A) to enriched media
(B).
Figure 3.2. Average monthly arctic sea ice extent.
6
7
Table Placement and Size
As with figures, tables are placed on the first page after the first mention in the text. More
than one table may appear on a page. No text appears on pages with tables other than the title(s).
Table titles are numbered by chapter (if using the chapter method) or numbered consecutively
throughout the thesis (if using the section method). Their titles need to be consistent, as figure
titles. Use horizontal lines to separate table header rows from the data. Do not use vertical lines
to separate rows or columns of data. Center data in table cells.
Table Titles
Type size and style for titles is the same as that chosen for the text. Titles more than one
line in length are double spaced. Do not indent the first line of table titles (flush left).
Tables on Landscape Pages
As with figures on landscape pages, page number placement must be adjusted to appear
in the landscape position for tables placed in landscape orientation.
Continued Tables
If a table continues to the next page, the full title goes on the first page, and “Table 1.
Continued.” goes on the next page (Table 3.1). If you have a continued table, repeat the column
headings.
8
Table 3.1. Effect of substrate on seedling height. Seedling height was measured in centimeters
on day 20.
Specimen
Substrate A
Substrate B
Substrate C
Substrate D
1
10
---
5
3
2
15
3
10
3
3
17
5
8
2
4
14
2
5
1
5
16
---
9
5
6
16
7
6
2
7
18
4
7
4
8
13
6
9
---
9
12
3
4
6
10
15
5
7
3
11
17
2
5
2
12
19
6
8
5
13
13
3
6
---
14
18
4
9
2
9
Table 3.1. Continued.
Specimen
Substrate A
Substrate B
Substrate C
Substrate D
15
16
5
10
3
16
13
---
7
4
17
12
---
5
6
18
15
2
8
5
19
22
4
6
2
20
16
3
9
7
21
15
7
7
4
22
16
5
7
5
23
11
4
7
3
10
LITERATURE CITED
Adcock, R. and D. Collier. 2001. “Connecting Ideas with Facts: The Validity of
Measurement.” American Political Science Review. 95(3):529-546.
Agranoff, R. & M. McGuire. 2001. “Big Questions in Public Network Management
Research.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 11: 295-396.
Argyris, Chris. 1957. “The Individual and Organization: Some Problems of Mutual
Adjustment.” Administrative Science Quarterly. 2(1):1-24.
Arthur, J. B. 1994. “Effects of Human Resource Systems on Manufacturing Performance and
Turnover.” Academy of Management Journal, 37: 670-687.
Bailey, T. 1993. “Discretionary Effort and the Organization of Work: Employee
Participation and Work Reform Since Hawthorne.” Working paper, Columbia
University, New York.
Barnard, Chester. 1938. Functions of the Executive. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Bartel, A. P, 1994. “Productivity Gains from the Implementation of Employee Training
Programs.” Industrial Relations, 33: 411-425.
Bartel, A. 2004. “Human Resources Management and Organizational Performance:
Evidence from Retail Banking.” Industrial and Labor Relations
Review. 57(2):181-203.
Barton, A.H. 1980. “A Diagnosis of Bureaucratic Maladies” In C.H. Weiss and A.H. Barton,
eds. Making Bureaucracies Work. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
11
APPENDIX A
RESULTS FROM EXPERIMENTAL AND CONTROL RUNS
Appendices are optional and used for supplementary material. Place the Appendices after
the literature cited section. All Appendix pages need to be numbered. Page numbers are
continued from the last page of the references. All material must be within prescribed margins
and be readable in size and legibility (1.5 mm or larger). If you have two of more appendices,
you must include a LIST OF APPENDICES in the front matter of the thesis, inserted after LIST
OF TABLES. Formatting for this list is the same as that used for LIST OF FIGURES and LIST
OF TABLES. Use letter designations for the appendices (A, B, C, etc.).
The Appendix designation is centered, in all capital letters, and in boldface. The
appendix title is also centered, in all capital letters, and in boldface. Titles that are more than one
line are double spaced. If a List of Appendices is required, the appendix title must agree word
for word with the title in the List.
If an appendix contains text and embedded figures or tables, number the figures and
tables consecutively by appendix designation (A-1, A-2, B-1, B-2, etc.). Figures and tables in
appendices do not need to be mentioned in the main text of the thesis.
12
VITA
Name: Sarah Anderson Smiley
Address: Smiley ERS Educational Research Systems,
Inc., 1000 Plaintree Rd.,
Sugar Land, TX 77177
Email Address: [email protected]
Education: B.A., Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 2005
M.S., Educational Administration, Texas A&M University, 2010
107
APPENDIX 7
THESIS EXAMPLE: SECTION METHOD
THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPROVEMENT OF INSTRUCTIONS FOR THESES IN
THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL AND NATURAL RESOURCE SCIENCES
A Thesis
by
PAMELA SUE PIPES
Submitted to the College of Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences of
Sul Ross State University
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
August 2011
Major Subject: Range and Wildlife Management
The Development and Improvement of Instructions for Theses in the College of Agricultural and
Natural Resource Sciences
Copyright 2010 Pamela Sue Pipes
THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPROVEMENT OF INSTRUCTIONS FOR THESES IN
THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL AND NATURAL RESOURCE SCIENCES
A Thesis
by
PAMELA SUE PIPES
Approved as to style and content by:
Louis A. Harveson, Ph.D. Patricia Moody Harveson, Ph.D.
(Chair of Committee) (Member)
Robert Kinucan, Ph.D.
(Member)
Robert Kinucan, Ph.D.
Dean of Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences
3
ABSTRACT
The text of the Abstract starts two double spaces below the preliminary lines. The text of
the Abstract is double-spaced according to the spacing style of the text of the thesis. Follow the
same margin settings as your narrative text, as well as the same right alignment (ragged edge).
Your Abstract must be a “complete snapshot” of your manuscript. Paragraph one
introduces your specific problem and the methods used. The remaining paragraphs present the research and results in detail. Text of the Abstract should not exceed one page in length.
4
DEDICATION
I dedicate this thesis to my mother who taught me the importance of perseverance and
hard work.
5
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to thank my committee chair, Dr. Smith, and my committee members, Dr.
Jones, Dr. Morton, Dr. Anderson, and Prof. Benner, for their guidance and support throughout
the course of this research.
Thanks also to my friends and colleagues and the department faculty and staff for making
my time at Texas A&M University a great experience. I also want to extend my gratitude to the
National Education Foundation, which provided the survey instrument, and to all the Texas
elementary teachers and students who were willing to participate in the study.
6
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................... iii
DEDICATION ....................................................................................................................... iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................................................................................... vi
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................... vii
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................. ix
LIST OF APPENDICES........................................................................................................ x
INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................. 1
MATERIALS AND METHODS........................................................................................... 9
Study Area .................................................................................................................... 9
Climate.......................................................................................................................... 10
Geology......................................................................................................................... 12
Soils............................................................................................................................... 14
Prescribed Burning........................................................................................................ 17
Herbicide Application ................................................................................................... 20
Analysis......................................................................................................................... 21
RESULTS .............................................................................................................................. 23
Prescribed Burns ........................................................................................................... 23
Basal Ground Cover...................................................................................................... 25
Shrub Density................................................................................................................ 26
Shrub Canopy................................................................................................................ 28
Whitebrush.................................................................................................................... 30
DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................................ 40
Prescribed Burn............................................................................................................. 40
Herbicide Application ................................................................................................... 42
vii
Page
CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................... 44
Summary....................................................................................................................... 44
Management and Implications ...................................................................................... 46
LITERATURE CITED .......................................................................................................... 49
VITA ...................................................................................................................................... 66
8
LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE Page
1 Effect of Substrate on Growth Rate ........................................................................ 5
2 Average Monthly Arctic Sea Ice Extent ................................................................. 6
3 Location of Study Area ........................................................................................... #
4 Map of Brazos County............................................................................................ #
5 Major Tributaries of the Navasota River between
Highway 45 and Highway 6 ................................................................................... #
6 Debris Collected at Bridge...................................................................................... 72
9
LIST OF TABLES TABLE Page
1 Weather conditions collected for prescribed burns on the Paisano
Ranch, Brewster County, Texas, 2007.................................................................... 8
2 Summary values for Whitebrush (Aloysia gratissima) in the Marathon
Basin, Brewster County, Texas, 2007..................................................................... #
3 Treatment cost analysis for Whitebrush (Aloysia gratissima)
In Brewster County, Texas, 2010 ........................................................................... #
1
LIST OF APPENDICES APPENDIX Page
A Thirty year average temperature and precipitation for Marathon,
Persimmon Gap, Alpine, Castolon, Texas ........................................................ 53
B Precipitation for Alpine, Persimmon Gap, and Marathon,
Texas for years 1968-1969, 2006-2008, 2006-2008 respectively..................... 55
C Range site descriptions ..................................................................................... 60
1
INTRODUCTION
Use the section method when you are presenting a single experiment or study. The
section title is centered in all capital letters and in boldface. First and last sections are
INTRODUCTION and LITERATURE CITED respectively. Other section titles may include
MATERIALS AND METHODS, RESULTS, DISCUSSION, and CONCLUSIONS. Section
titles and subheadings are not numbered. No punctuation occurs at the end of section titles. Do
not use the word “chapter” in your text since your work is not organized in chapters. The font
size must be the same as that chosen for the text. Spacing between section title and text needs to
be consistent for all sections (double space, or 2 double spaces).
Standard margins on this page, and on all text pages, are 1.5” left, 1.0” right, 1.0” top,
and 1.0” bottom. The page number (Arabic) 1 is above the margin (in the header), in the upper
right corner. Number every page of the thesis in sequence through to the last page (Vita).
The journal model sentence is a complete sentence with a period at the end (not a
numbered footnote or footer), at the bottom of page 1, within the prescribed margin. Separate
this sentence from text with a one–inch horizontal line (12 underscores if using a 12-point font).
Line spacing between the horizontal line and the journal model sentence must be a single space.
Put the journal name in italics if journal names in reference section are italicized. If there are
footnotes in your document, type size of journal model sentence must match type size of
footnotes.
This thesis follows the style of Adult Education Quarterly.
2
SUBHEADING STYLES
First-order Subheadings
First-order subheadings are placed flush left in boldface using standard rules of title case
capitalization. Subheadings are not numbered. First-order subheadings must be included in the
Table of Contents. Maintain double spacing above and below all subheadings. Use double
spacing for subheadings more than one line in length.
Second-order subheadings
Second-order subheadings are placed flush left in boldface italics using standard rules of
sentence case capitalization. Second-order subheadings must be included in the Table of
Contents.
Third-order subheadings
Third-order subheadings are placed flush left in italics using standard rules of sentence
case capitalization. Third-order subheadings s do not need to be included in the Table of
Contents. Fourth-order subheadings are strongly discouraged.
3
FIGURES AND TABLES
Figure Placement and Size
Figures need to be within the set text margins. Figures must appear on the first page after
the first mention in the text. You may place more than one figure per page. Other than figure
titles, no other text appears on the page. Text within figures needs to be large enough to read
(1.5 mm or about 7 pt type). Related figures may be grouped into a single figure, and are
distinguished by labels (e.g., A, B, C). Captions will generally include each part label with an
explanation for each (see Figure 1 caption for an example). Do not place borders around figures.
Figure Titles
Type size and style for titles is the same as that chosen for the text. Titles more than one
line in length are double spaced. Do not indent the first line of figure titles (flush left).
Figures on Landscape Pages
If a figure is large and needs to be placed in landscape orientation in order to be legible,
page number placement must be adjusted to appear in the landscape position (Figure 2).
Continued Figures
If a figure or a table continues to the next page, the full figure title goes on the first page, and
“Figure 1. Continued.” goes on the next page.
4
A)
B)
Figure 1. Effect of substrate on growth rate; comparing minimal media (A) to enriched media
(B).
Figure 2. Average monthly arctic sea ice extent.
5
6
Table Placement and Size
As with figures, tables are placed on the first page after the first mention in the text. More
than one table may appear on a page. No text appears on pages with tables other than the title(s).
Table titles are numbered by chapter (if using the chapter method) or numbered consecutively
throughout the thesis (if using the section method). Their titles need to be consistent, as figure
titles. Use horizontal lines to separate table header rows from the data. Do not use vertical lines
to separate rows or columns of data. Center data in table cells.
Table Titles
Type size and style for titles is the same as that chosen for the text. Titles more than one
line in length are double spaced. Do not indent the first line of table titles (flush left).
Tables on Landscape Pages
As with figures on landscape pages, page number placement must be adjusted to appear
in the landscape position for tables placed in landscape orientation.
Continued Tables
If a table continues to the next page, the full title goes on the first page, and “Table 1.
Continued.” goes on the next page (Table 1). If you have a continued table, repeat the column
headings.
7
Table 1. Effect of substrate on seedling height. Seedling height was measured in centimeters on
day 20.
Specimen
Substrate A
Substrate B
Substrate C
Substrate D
1
10
---
5
3
2
15
3
10
3
3
17
5
8
2
4
14
2
5
1
5
16
---
9
5
6
16
7
6
2
7
18
4
7
4
8
13
6
9
---
9
12
3
4
6
10
15
5
7
3
11
17
2
5
2
12
19
6
8
5
13
13
3
6
---
14
18
4
9
2
8
Table 1. Continued.
Specimen
Substrate A
Substrate B
Substrate C
Substrate D
15
16
5
10
3
16
13
---
7
4
17
12
---
5
6
18
15
2
8
5
19
22
4
6
2
20
16
3
9
7
21
15
7
7
4
22
16
5
7
5
23
11
4
7
3
9
LITERATURE CITED
Adcock, R. and D. Collier. 2001. “Connecting Ideas with Facts: The Validity of Measurement.”
American Political Science Review. 95(3):529-546.
Agranoff, R. & M. McGuire. 2001. “Big Questions in Public Network Management
Research.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 11: 295-396.
Argyris, Chris. 1957. “The Individual and Organization: Some Problems of Mutual
Adjustment.” Administrative Science Quarterly. 2(1):1-24.
Arthur, J. B. 1994. “Effects of Human Resource Systems on Manufacturing Performance and
Turnover.” Academy of Management Journal, 37: 670-687.
Bailey, T. 1993. “Discretionary Effort and the Organization of Work: Employee
Participation and Work Reform Since Hawthorne.” Working paper, Columbia
University, New York.
Barnard, Chester. 1938. Functions of the Executive. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Bartel, A. P, 1994. “Productivity Gains from the Implementation of Employee Training
Programs.” Industrial Relations, 33: 411-425.
Bartel, A. 2004. “Human Resources Management and Organizational Performance: Evidence
from Retail Banking.” Industrial and Labor Relations Review. 57(2):181-203.
Barton, A.H. 1980. “A Diagnosis of Bureaucratic Maladies” In C.H. Weiss and A.H. Barton,
eds. Making Bureaucracies Work. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
10
APPENDIX A
THIRTY YEAR AVERAGE TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION FOR
MARATHON, PERSIMMON GAP, ALPINE, CASTOLON, TEXAS
Appendices are optional and used for supplementary material. Place the Appendices after
the literature cited section. All Appendix pages need to be numbered. Page numbers are
continued from the last page of the references. All material must be within prescribed margins
and be readable in size and legibility (1.5 mm or larger). If you have two of more appendices,
you must include a LIST OF APPENDICES in the front matter of the thesis, inserted after LIST
OF TABLES. Formatting for this list is the same as that used for LIST OF FIGURES and LIST
OF TABLES. Use letter designations for the appendices (A, B, C, etc.).
The Appendix designation is centered, in all capital letters, and in boldface. The
appendix title is also centered, in all capital letters, and in boldface. Titles that are more than one
line are double spaced. If a List of Appendices is required, the appendix title must agree word
for word with the title in the List.
If an appendix contains text and embedded figures or tables, number the figures and
tables consecutively by appendix designation (A-1, A-2, B-1, B-2, etc.). Figures and tables in
appendices do not need to be mentioned in the main text of the thesis.
11
VITA
Name: Sarah Anderson Smiley
Address: Smiley ERS Educational Research Systems,
Inc., 1000 Plaintree Rd.,
Sugar Land, TX 77177
Email Address: [email protected]
Education: B.A., Psychology, The University of Texas at
Austin, 2005 M.S., Educational Administration, Texas A&M
University, 2010