thesis content

1

Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

The first and foremost, learning is every individual needs in order to survive this

continuously changing word is reading. Education is one of the most important factors

that contribute to the development of the country. Its main goal is to help the learners to

acquire the knowledge and necessary skills in the desired learning competencies of

particular subject areas. In the same way, people in the academe are continuously

discovering and introducing varied teaching strategies supported by relevant and

adequate innovations in instructional and learning materials to help the learners in

achieving quality education in the field of English.

Modern living demands that an individual should know how to read. The

tremendous amount of printed materials that surround him requires considerable ability in

this respect. There are sign to read and interpret everywhere he goes. There are forms to

fill out, schedule to follow, advertisements and countless other things that demand

reading ability. There are large number of books, magazines, newspapers, brochures and

pamphlets.

Reading is considered to be the most important subject in the curriculum of the

modern secondary subject of study. It is certainly the most fundamental subject of study.

In modern social life, the ability and desire to read enables one to develop a wide

acquaintance with the enjoyment of the affairs of man and the enjoyment of the affairs of

2

man and his surroundings. In a typical public school, reading is an essential tool which

formal education can be attained.

Reading is one of the most important skill should be taught to Filipino students. It

is the foundation upon which he will build new skills, expand knowledge and desire great

satisfaction.

Deficiency in reading may make students less productive. Time and money will

be wasted. What we will produce are less productive young people who are the hope of

tomorrow, so, it is a wakeup call to educators to screen reading expertise of teachers who

will be assigned to teach reading.

Education is the primary factor for the progress and development. Without

education, life would be unbearable. The role of education for individual’s development

is a fact that the state recognizes, hence it is the duty of the state to provide education to

its citizens.

The teacher can likewise use the module as a supplementary material in teaching.

Since using the module would require lesser time in giving lecture, the teacher can have

more time to his/her other functions and assignments without sacrificing the quality of

instructions.

Furthermore, the use of the module is an attempt to improve instructions in

English 4 by making lessons more interesting and meaningful to the student. It is a guide

to help teachers more competent and effective in performing job.

It is likewise believed that the production of the modules can make the

administration realize the importance of producing similar instructional materials which

3

will eventually convince them to conduct more training on the development of

instructional materials for almost, if not all, faculty members in the University

The learners is the center of any educative processes, and the goal of education is

to develop the full potential of an individual for him to be functional member of the

society and so the teacher as the key factor and facilitator of learning should plan a highly

flexible program and provide a stimulating environment for the children and to develop

their varied interest and abilities and to satisfy their needs. The teacher should create a

material that can help the learners to enhance their weaknesses and develop their self-

confidence through learning by themselves.

Reading unlocks the doors of the vast storehouse of knowledge. Relatively, it is

the key in learning all subjects. Hence, students need to learn reading not only effectively

but also efficiently. According to Smith and Dechant (2004) Reading is the key to

success to the Development of school interest to the enjoyment of leisure time, to

personal and social adjustment. To meet this challenge, reading facilitators should

continuously device relevant ways and means. Among the many possible ways in helping

students become better readers is to use dynamic instructional materials. Modules are

known as one of these instructional materials.

Dr. A. Cruz as cited by Laylay (2001) defined module as instructional materials

that are self-contained with clearly defined objectives and with feedback and evaluation.

Aboga (2001) added that modular instruction as self-learning material containing a

logical presentation of subject matter instruction that enables the student to solve by their

own effort or no assistance at all from the teacher.

4

Meanwhile Niesca (2005) enumerated the essential contents of the modules such

as rational objectives, entry test, multimedia materials, and learning activities and self-

test. Niesca defined each part as; rational provider an overview for designing

instructional materials and explanations on why the learners should try it; Objectives

write about what the learner is expected to gain from studying the instructional materials

and each objective is written in performance term; Entry test diagnosis whether the

learner already has mastered the skills to be taught; Multi Media Materials activity

utilized number of senses; Learning activities increase student's interest and meet their

needs through variety of methods; Self-test gives students a chance to review and check

their own program.

Man’s reading world is a reading world. Discoveries, investigations, and studies

come to his knowledge through the printed form. His knowledge, skills, abilities,

attitudes and appreciations are enriched through extensive reading.

Reading is a learning aid. It is essential for the various kinds of learning; hence,

critics claim that most failures in schools are attributed to reading deficiencies. Although

it is possible to learn to speak a language without having a glimpse of its written form.

Reading is considered an important phase is foreign language teaching. It brings

the people into contact with enormous amount of the experience of other people, thus,

fostering greater understanding of the world and of the societies of people that live in it.

Reading works in concert with all other forms of experiences to further the

development of individuals. It is a purposeful activity which may change the outlook of

the reader, broadens his interests, aids in the reconstruction of his experience, refines his

5

tastes, stimulates intellectual and emotional growth, and various ways promotes the

development of a rich and stable personality.

Since reading is an important factor to success in school as well as in life,

effective reading instruction assumes a major role in the aims and goals of education.

Various reading specialists share their views about reading.

Many educators believe that if children are to become capable of realizing their

potentials, they must acquire the basic tools required by the society. If a child leaves

school unable to read because of continuous difficulties, he suffers from communication

handicap which will sharply affect his choice of career, his learning capacity, and his role

as a member of a society whose daily bread is the printed words. If a pupil fails in these

aspects, the teacher has failed more.

Reading specialists believe that assessment of a child’s reading. Readiness is the

first step that should be taken if successful teaching is to be achieved. The slogan “Begin

where the child is” has gained great importance in the educational plan of the school. A

child’s total pattern of growth should be looked into since it exerts a great influence in his

progress in reading.

Because of the necessity of reading, the Department of Education (DEPED) made

many attempts to improve the overall quality and efficiency of teaching reading in the

elementary and secondary curricula. Due to this, Educational Institution should have

quality resources, quality instructions and quality products as vehicles. It also said that

one of the best features of a democratic society is the possibility of change that connotes

progress for a quality education. By this, the state shall therefore promote and maintain

quality education for the benefit of the entire citizen. Therefore, education should be

6

functional and relevant to the needs of the changing time. To realize these functions, the

government provides a strong effort to strengthen the world of education.

On the other hand, language has always been a crucial part of one’s daily life that

focused to the learning process. It is a vital tool not only a means of communicating ideas

but also for cultural ties, economic relationship and forges friendship. Reading

proficiency would equip the students and enhance the needed language skills which are

necessary in the facilitation of critical and creative thinking skills enabling them to

perform and function well not only in academics but also in personal pursuits. It is very

important to look forward on to strengthen and reinforce English learners. Teaching aids

as well as instructional materials like module are alternative tools to uplift the learning

performance of the learners by mastering the lesson through varied activities that will be

presented in the developed and validated module.

In the study of Beronilla (2009) a careful selection and preparation of relevant

instructional materials as one of the major concerns if one is to intend of becoming a

teacher for it is his role to prepare instructional materials that would enhance the

effectiveness of the learning process.

Butler (1997) cited that individualized instruction provides each learners in

developing knowledge and skills as he goes on with the lesson for mastery, it also serves

as the bases in assessing the learning progress of a learner and at the same time it helps

teachers to focus their attention to the slow learners in coping up with the certain skills to

be developed among students.

7

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

Teaching strategies in reading are based on the philosophies and theories

regarding the meaning, nature and structure of reading. They are also based on the

important foundation disciplines such as Physiology, Psychology, Linguistics and

Sociology.

What is reading? Reading experts define reading in many ways. Their views

about reading may be summarized as follows:

Reading is a subtle and complex process that involves sensation, perception,

comprehension, application and integration.

Reading is the magic key to the world of enlightenment and enjoyment. It is the

basic for learning in all subject areas.

Reading is the process of making and getting meaning from printed word

symbols.

Reading is a meaning-giving meaning-getting process. It must begin and end with

an understanding of printed message.

Reading is not a reaction to test, but an interaction between writer and a reader

mediated through the test…reading efficiency is a matter of how effective discourse the

teacher can create from the text, either in terms of rapport with the writer or in terms of

his purpose in engaging in the discourse in the first place, (Widdowson, 1979)

Children read well or poorly for certain definite causes and a teacher must be able

to make analysis of each cause and determine just the point of strength or weakness

before she can intelligently give help.

8

Emotional stability is another factor. Personality disturbances may be temporary

or relatively permanent block to effective and efficient reading. The development of a

good emotional climate for learning is one of the reading teacher’s first responsibilities.

Association abilities are essential to the reading process. The pupil must be able

to make associations between symbols and the facts or objects they represent. They must

be able to sense-relation. Some children need special instructional method to establish

association, such as the use of kinaesthesia and tactile aids to learning how to read.

Memory span also been found to have a significant effect on reading ability. In a

study of pupils from Grade II to Grade VI it was found that the group means scores on

memory span test were consistently higher for group readers than for poor readers.

Retention is a serious problem of memory span deficiencies exist.

The preparation of self-instructional modules includes careful analysis of the

course plan or syllabus, preparing preliminaries and designing of the learning activities.

The course plan is based on the course description as provided in the curriculum by the

institution or college. The module may involve one, a few or all the topics listed in the

course plan. The preliminaries include the rationale, objectives, target population, time

frame for completing the module and plan for work or instructional planning chart. The

design of the learning activities includes the objectives, directions, pre-test and key,

activity proper, self-evaluation exercises and post-tests.

Hughes (1992) described modular instruction as that which provides the basis for

a close interaction between the learner and the subject matter, that the learner is called

upon to respond actively in the interaction with an instructional program, and that the rate

at which the interaction proceeds is governed individually by each learner’s response. An

9

educational technique is then created and aptitudes are taken directly into consideration in

the management of the learning process, in a way that is hardly possible in the fixed-

paced instruction typical of a classroom lecture.

The physical condition of the pupil has a strong influence on his chance of

reading effectively. Vision and hearing, general health starts are factors which affect

reading ability. The best reading performance is to be expected from pupil who is

physically fit.

Another important factor is language facility which includes of words,

understanding sentences, structure and usage.

There are also outside factors which have direct bearing on reading ability. The

environment in which reading is done has a strong influence on the reader’s ability. Most

people have difficulty reading in a noisy room.

With this study researchers would be able to know the strength and the

weaknesses of the students in reading comprehension and would be able to make some

remediation by means of giving set of questionnaires after reading a literary piece and

would propose a reading module for them.

The modularization of instruction has been set forth by educators as a viable

alternative to lecture method (Finch and Cruncilton 1993, cited in Ruguian 2001). This

approach is based on the idea that students are better able to learn if they do at their own

rates and study those areas that focus directly as mastery of a particular or set of

objectives.

Felipe (1999) conducted a study on the validation of modules in handicrafts for

the intermediate grades. In his study on the validation of modules in terms of objectives,

10

content and activities. Moreover, he addressed the effectiveness of the module in

developing the skills, knowledge, and attitudes of the pupils. Result of his study showed

that the objectives, content and activities of the module were valid with a categorical

description as very satisfactory. Likewise, it was revealed that the pupils learned much

from the modules after going through them.

The researchers are concerned with the poor comprehension of the students. This

study aimed to serve as an instructional material they can use in practicing their

comprehension and lexical ability. And also, as a basis in the future studies related to the

present study.

English language has attained the status of a global tongue. Culture and

civilization have come to an age when enormous members of people have study in a

language. That is not their own, which is a need for more effective techniques of

evaluating proficiency in the tool language have become a gargantuan necessity.

Lenasas (2007) cited a number of studies on the development and

validation/evaluation of proficiency, admission and placement tests utilizing the discrete

point, integrative communicative approaches, or a combination of these have been

conducted in the Philippines. These studies were conducted from 1900 onwards.

Pooly and Swanberge (1989) stated that with the use of modules, students have

enough time understanding a particular concept or topic and can help them catch up with

the missed lessons. Students can work at their own pace while learning the missed topics,

thus giving them a chance to maximize his learning. He also added that the use of module

is better to handle the situation instead of just letting the students copy the missed day’s

lecture from their classmates without further understanding.

11

Dardig and Meyer (1980) concluded that modules illustrate the most basic

component of the competency-based teacher educator. They said modules enable the

students to master competencies with less teacher supervision and there is learning at the

students’ own pace. Furthermore, they stressed that the most effective modules

demonstrated instructional techniques or duplicate real-life situation and encourage the

students to make and evaluate instructional decision.

Samonte (2004) developed, evaluated and tried out an environmental outdoor

education module for the use of students of St. Scholastica College. She found out that

majority of the students’ comments and responses to the guide questions and personal

insights were positive. The remarks and suggestions were sufficient reasons for

considering the modules suitable and purposeful. She concluded that the module was able

to a great extent to meet the criteria set in terms of content, instructional characteristics

and effectiveness.

Cematu (1982) in her study stated that modular materials have established their

edge over other kinds of materials in education. Among others, modular materials serve

as enrichment for fast learners, as review or remedial for slow learners in a relatively

short span of time. Since students work within their ability level, they experience success

in their attempt to learn the material. Hence, he concluded that well-constructed and

appropriately implemented modules can improve learning to an extent that no other

teaching materials can accomplish.

As a medium of instruction in schools, it is important that student’s performance

in English be assessed for them to be able to meet the specific needs in English, the

12

development and validation of an English language proficiency test is of vital

importance. This will help direct instruction to the needs of the learners.

Theoretical Framework

Colombo Plan Staff College for Technician Teachers (1997) defines a module as

a learning resource. It further describes that module are essentially self-contained, self-

instructional package, with learning paced by each learner according to his/her individual

ability or a group of content elements forming a discrete unit of subject matter or area of

skill. A module has clearly defined objectives.

Sutara (1970) cited in Estranero (2001) describes a module as a systematically

structured self-learning task which includes learning and testing content, and allows the

learners to work at a rate, style, and level suited to his learning capacity.

Felipe (1991) said in his study that a modular approach is an instructional strategy

which has been proven effective from the elementary level to the university level. It

recognizes the nature of individual differences among the learners; that differential

abilities of the learners require different paces and different strategies to achieve learning

objectives. Modules are considered as one of the most promising innovative methods to

provide learning opportunity in an individualized manner.

The theory in which the study was based in Progressivism Theory postulated by

John Dewey. This philosophical thought points out that a child’s growth and

development depend on his/her experiences and self-activity. He emphasizes that the

educational concern must be focused on the child’s interest, desires and freedom as an

individual. Furthermore, the idea adheres that thinking and reasoning should be

emphasized that good and successful teaching utilizes the principle of self-activity and

13

stimulates thinking and reasoning. So accordingly, the activities and experiences provides

by the teachers should meet the needs and be in accordance with the abilities of every

student for the total development of a child is through self-activity and learning by doing.

Sutaria claims that although the primary goal of reading instructions is the ability

to read silently and rapidly, oral reading plays a major role in the early stage of learning

to read. In fact, she further comments that a majority of problems encountered in reading

are actually spoken language difficulties. Many of the difficulties the reader meets to

comprehending the printed word are identical with those that he meets in understanding

the spoken form.

Thus, if the reader can grasp the meaning of the spoken word-once he

comprehend the corresponding written form-once he has mastered the system of the

representation used. She also maintains that any idea or thought can be express orally or

in printed form. The oral expression of an idea consists of spoken utterances pronounced

with certain intonation patterns which convey meanings while the printed expression of

an idea consists of written symbols that represent the spoken word, which punctuation

mark more to or less representation

The development of modules and other teaching materials is a better initiative of a

teacher who is very concern on every learning output of the students. Vitaza (2006) cited

The Richard Arrend’s Theory on effective teaching. This stresses the characteristics of an

effective teacher as “one who has the repertoire of best strategies that can help them

improves the teaching learning process”. The teacher’s innovative style and creativity

help the students to acquire necessary skills in language. In coming up with the idea of

designing the instructional materials, the researcher referred to some models and theories

14

such as that of Collin (1998) in Prado (2004) which discusses four steps intended to

respond to the learning needs of the students. According to Smith (2009) instructional

design theory is the study of how to best design instruction so that learning will take

place.

As Gershovich in Warner (2008) points out, Mastery of this language skill is long

and a continuous process. In this sense, college instructors play the very significant role

in helping their learners achieve and master the skill. To design self-instructional

materials needed in a particular discipline is tough but challenging so that students from

the different walks of life are able to benefit from it. The development of instructional

materials provide the students a variety of activities of academic writing that enable them

to articulate their ideas properly even with considerable attention of accuracy rather than

on the fluency of the language use.

Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework of this study depicted by the schematic diagram in

Figure 1 present the concept or idea around this will revolve.

Input contains the respondents of the study, which are senior students of the

Tagumpay National High School and the focus of the study, which is the Module in

Literature based on Victor Hugo’s “Les Miserables”.

Throughput consists of the instruments use in gathering the needed data such as

the reading material, test questionnaires and the statistical treatment. Output contains the

result of study in the Module in Literature based on Victor Hugo’s “Les Miserables” on

the senior students of Tagumpay National High School.

Input:

3. Senior Students of Tagumpay National High School

4. Module in Literature base on Victor Hugo’s

“Les Misreables

15

Research Paradigm

FIG. 1

The Conceptual Model of the study “Development, Validation and Evaluation of a Proposed Module in Literature Based on Victor Hugo’s “Les Miserables” for the Senior High School Students

Input:

1. Senior Students of Tagumpay National High School

2. Module in Literature based on Victor Hugo’s “Les Miserables

Throughput

1. Statistical treatment of Data

16

Statement of the Problem

Generally, the study was conducted to develop and validate the module based on

Victor Hugo’s “Les Miserables” intended for the Senior High School Students of

Tagumpay National High School.

Specifically, the study sought answers to the following questions:

1. Is the developed module appropriate and interesting to the target group?

2. What the level of vocabulary and comprehension is as revealed in their post-

test scores?

3. What is the evaluator’s assessment of the module in terms of the following

aspects:

A. Content Characteristics

1.1. Objectives

1.2. Clarity

1.3. Relevance

B. Instructional Characteristics

2.1. Design

2.2. Suitability

2.3. Testing Method

4. What is the level of acceptability and usefulness of the developed module as

evaluated by the student respondents with respect to:;

3.1. Sufficiency of Contents

3.2. Organization and Presentation

3.3. Language and Style; and

17

3.4. Usefulness

Scope and Limitations of the Study

The main focus of this study is the development, validation and evaluation of a

proposed module in literature based on Victor Hugo’s “Les Miserables” which was

developed and created by the researchers during the school year 2012 – 2013. This study

is limited to the responses of teacher and student respondents to the

checklists/questionnaires developed by the researchers.

Significance of the Study

The result of this study may contribute to the welfare of the following people:

Administrations awareness of the student’s interest in reading would help them to

make plans that will improve their library facilities and provide the school necessary

materials and equipments

Parents will become more involved in the selection and acquisition of the reading

materials of their children. To the parents whose primary responsibility is the education

of their children will be providing better insights on the needs and to provide their

children wholesome reading materials at their home that would enhance their children’s

desire to read.

Teachers will benefit in this study for it will serve as their guide in teaching

reading to their students. It will also help our hardworking teachers to minimize the

extensive talking but it will not suffer the quality of teaching given to the students.

18

Students will benefit in this study through the encouragement of their teachers.

Students will be able to immerse themselves with reading materials that are really

beneficial to their sound and total development. And for;

Future researchers, the result of this study will provide researchers the diverting to

an investigation they will make especially on areas under study.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

To facilitate understanding of this study, different terms are herein defined:

Module. This refers to the produced self-contained and self-instructional package

materials which was the subject and evaluation of the study.

Planning Process. This refers to the conceptualization of the module that was produced.

Development Process. This refers to the writing of the four sets of module in “Les

Miserables”.

Validation. This refers to the evaluation made by the experts on the content

characteristics and instructional characteristics of the module through the use of certain

criteria.

Content Characteristics. This refers to the quality of the topics presented in the

developed modules which was validated in terms of objectives, clarity and relevance.

Objectives. This refers to the statements wherein expected results of learning are clearly

stated. This was validated as to how, specific, measurable, attainable, and time bound the

behavioural terms specified in objectives.

Clarity. This refers to the quality of the modules as self-learning materials or the state of

being clear in presenting the topics.

19

Relevance. This refers to the importance of the facts, ideas, and concepts presented in the

modules.

Instructional characteristics. This refers to the kinds of quality of strategies and

techniques used in the module to attain such. It includes the logically-arranged concepts

and activities, the observance of a format that teachers can easily follow, and the use of

words suited to the student’s level.

Design. It refers to the sequence of topics, details, and activities in the module which

were organized to be carried out and accomplished by the learners.

Suitability. This refers to the appropriateness of the content of the module and the

module as a whole to serve its purpose.

Testing Method. This refers to the tests prepared for the learners or students to assess

their learning competencies in the lessons discussed.

20

Chapter 2

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

This chapter includes the research design. The research design discusses the type

of research design used to determined facts from the study. The setting of the study

underlies the place wherein the researchers conducted the study. The subject of the study

explains the respondents chosen in conducting the study. The source of data includes the

research instruments used by the researchers to gather data for the study and the statistical

treatment.

Research Design

The researchers employed the experimental and descriptive survey research which

is designed to gather information regarding the Development, Validation and Evaluation

of Module in French Based Novel Les Miserables for the Senior Students. The said

method will determine the ability of the students in answering the four levels of

questioning (Literal Level, Interpretative Level, Critical Level and Integrative Level),

Vocabulary words and other various exercises.

As Adanza (1995) defines descriptive research is the investigation which

describes and interprets what it is. Aside from the simplicity of descriptive research, it is

also less time consuming and inexpensive to undertake. The experimental is a procedure

involving the control and manipulation of conditions for the purpose of studying the

relative effects of various treatment applied to members of a sample or the same

treatment to the members of different samples. Experimental method is a problem-

solving approach that is describe in the future; on what will be when certain variables are

carefully controlled or manipulated.

21

Subject of the Study

The subjects of the study were the fourth year students of Tagumpay National

High School, S.Y 2012-2013.

There were five sections in fourth year. Students in the first section are those

students who have a general average ranging from 83 and above. The rest of the students

who have a general average were randomly distributed to the rest of four sections, thus,

the general average of the students in their third year level served as an equating variable

in choosing the subjects. The researcher did not include the first section in the selection

of subjects since they were grouped homogenously.

The researcher used a raffle draw to determine the subjects of their study. The

three groups were classified as experimental and controlled group using the same

method.

Setting of the Study

Tagumpay National High School which is located in San Jose, Rodriguez, Rizal

was established on June 30, 2003 with its seven (7) pioneer teachers who started as

volunteers. This school on that date was still the former Gen. Licerio Geronimo

Memorial National High School – Tagumpay Annex.

The first five months was very difficult for everyone especially on the part of

these teachers. They started with nothing. The enrolment reached at more than 600

students.

From 2006 to June 2011, the school has doubled its enrolment from 972 students

to 1,802 and the number of teachers increased from seven pioneer teachers to 26 national,

5 provincial and 5 municipal founded-items. Its ranking in the achievement tests remains

22

one of the top achievers. The school was also first in Rodriguez to be the recipient of 21

computer sets, HPC5280 Printer-Scanner-Copier, and five LCD Projectors given by the

Office of the President through the courtesy of Commission on Information and

Communication from the Department of Trade and Industry.

For the past five years, the school attained the following Mean Percentage Scores

(MPS) in the National Achievement Test (NAT). 45.05% (2006-2007). 42.7% (2007-

2008), 52.07% (2008-2009) and 45.83% (2009-2010). Its shows that the school had a

very low performance for it had not reached the 75% level. English is one of the

academic subjects taught one hour five times a week, together with Science and

Mathematics in Basic Education Curriculum (BEC) for first and second year student. The

subject has been the lowest in rank in the schools Division Achievement Test (DAT).

At present the English Department is implementing its project called R.E.A.D

(Reading Enhancement and Development) for students with frustration level of reading

comprehension. Remedial classes are also conducted to improve student’s language

skills.

23

FIG. 2

Vicinity Map

Tagumpay National High School

Rodriguez, Rizal

24

DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENTS

These instruments contain questionnaire checklists to determine the

appropriateness of the module, the level of vocabulary and comprehension of the

respondents, and the assessment of the evaluators with regards the proposed module for

senior high school students. The instruments used in the study are the questionnaire

checklists items that were validated through the aid of statistician and the adviser before

its distribution to the respondents and A French-Based Novel Les Miserables by Victor

Hugo.

PROCEDURE

The first thing that the researchers did was to come up with a thesis proposal,

create a module based on the proposal, searched related studies and then proposes the

thesis.

After the proposal had been approved by the Research Committee through a

colloquium, the researchers observed the formal processes like asking the Dean’s

permission to conduct the study, requesting an appointment of an official adviser,

language critic and statistician, and then asking permission from the head of the target

area and population to conduct the study in their school.

The questionnaire checklist was validated and checked properly by the panellists.

As soon as the request was approved and the preparatory steps were followed, data were

gathered by distributing the questionnaire checklist to the respondents and evaluators.

Afterwards, the questionnaire checklist were retrieved and tabulated for analysis

and interpretation of data.

25

STATISTICAL TREATMENT

For better result and more accurate interpretation, the data were gathered,

analysed, and treated statistically as follows:

1. To determine the student’s profile in terms of sex and age, frequency distribution,

percentage and ranking were used.

2. To determine and analyze the appropriateness of the module among the senior

high school students, mean were used.

3. To determine and interpret the data gathered, the researchers made use of

weighted mean and T-test.

26

REFERENCES

Books and Journal

Aggabao, Ambrose Hans. Development and Evaluation of Individualized Self-

Instructional Modules on Selected Topics in Basic Mathematics. Journal of

Research, Isabela State University, Vol. XI, No. 1, January – December 2002.

Boiser, Diosdada. Teaching Made Easy: Strategies and Styles. Quezon City:

Phoenix Publishing House, Inc, 2004. ISBN 9710624687

Victor, Edward C. Science Teaching in the Elementary Level. New York:

McMillan Co. 1990.

Ornstein, Allan C. Strategies for Effective Teaching. New York: Harper Collins

Development and validation of module in reading proficiency for first year in

selected secondary schools in Quezon City / Avelina G. Sanidad. - 2004. - x,

143 leaves. Thesis (M.Ed.) --Eulogio Amang Rodriguez Institute of Science

and Technology, Manila.

Development and validation of module in high school freshmen English /

Rolando De Venecia Ramos. - 2009. - 209 leaves.

Thesis (Master of Arts in Education)

Unpublished Materials

Receno, Carmela N. Development of Instructional Materials for the

Enhancement of the Listening Skills among Freshman College Students of

SMCL. PNU, March 2001.

Sunga, Nillda R. Development and Validation of a Self-Instruction

Teaching Package on the Art of Questioning for Teachers. PNU, July 1996.

27

Ramos, Rolando DV. Development and Validation of Module in English.

Urdaneta City University, Graduate School, April 2004.

Samonte, Ma. Cristina L. Development, Evaluation and Try-out of an

Environmental Outdoor Education Module. PNU, July 2004.

Ubina, Marilou M. Production, Evaluation of a Videotaped Lesson in the

Teaching of a Science Concept Utilizing Cooperative Learning Model.

PNU, March 2000.

Borich, Gary D. Effective Teaching Method. New York: MC Millan Co., 1992

Development and validation of a module in science and technology II

(biology) / Saniata G. Hernandez. - 1999. - vii, 196 leaves. Thesis (M.A.T.) –

Institute of Science and Technology, Manila.

Development and validation of module in mathematics I (Fractions) for

secondary school / Fernando V. Macabare, Jr. - 2001. - xxi, 250 leaves. Thesis

(Master of Arts in Teaching)

28

APPENDIX A

LETTER TO CONDUCT THE STUDY

Date: _______________________

MRS. ELVIRA Q. PAHATI, Principal IIITagumpay National High School

MADAM:

The undersigned is writing an undergraduate thesis entitled “DEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION AND EVALUATION OF A PROPOSED MODULE IN LITERATURE BASED ON VICTOR HUGO’S “LES MISERABLES’ FOR THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS.”

In line with this, we would like to ask permission from your humble office to gather the needed data to be able to comply with the partial requirements of the course.

We are hoping for your favourable response.

Respectfully yours,

JOAN R. CARIMPONG

JOB B. JACOBE

SARMIENTO, JANILEEN C.

Noted by:

LUZVIMINDA O. MILLARESResearch Instructor

Approved by:

FLORANTE J. MERCADO, MOM MARICEL B. BERDAN, MAT Head, School of Education Campus Dean, URS-R

APPENDIX B

29

LETTER TO THE DEAN OF COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Date: _______________________

PROF. FLORANTE J. MERCADOHead, School of EducationThis University

SIR:

We, the Bachelor of Secondary Education major in English have the honour to request from your good office to conduct our undergraduate thesis entitled “DEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION AND EVALUATION OF A PROPOSED MODULE IN LITERATURE BASED ON VICTOR HUGO’S “LES MISERABLES’ FOR THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS.”

We are hoping for your favourable response.

Respectfully yours,

JOAN R. CARIMPONG

JOB B. JACOBE

JANILEEN C. SARMIENTO

Noted by:

LUZVIMINDA O. MILLARES, MATResearch Instructor

FLORANTE J. MERCADO, MOM

Head, School of Education

30

APPENDIX C

LETTER OF REQUEST TO THE RESPONDENTS

Date: _______________________

Dear Respondents,

The undersigned is writing an undergraduate thesis entitled “DEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION AND EVALUATION OF A PROPOSED MODULE IN LITERATURE BASED ON VICTOR HUGO’S LES MISRABLES” FOR THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS”

The realization of this study requires your honest opinion and wise judgment as you answer the attached questionnaire checklist. Rest assured that the information you will provide will be treated with the utmost confidentiality.

Your prompt accomplishment of this questionnaire checklist will be very much appreciated.

Thank you very much.

Respectfully yours,

JOAN R. CARIMPONG

JOB B. JACOBE


Noted by:

LUZVIMINDA O. MILLARES, MAT Research Instructor

FLORANTE J. MERCADO, MOM Head, School of Education

31

C.1 Evaluator’s ChecklistRepublic of the Philippines

UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEMRodriguez, Rizal

Evaluator: _____________________________________________

Directions: Check the characteristics of the module based on the following:

5 = Highly acceptable

4 = Acceptable

3 = Moderately Acceptable

2 = Slightly Acceptable

1 = Not Acceptable

What is the evaluator’s assessment of the module in terms of the following aspects?

5 4 3 2 1

A. Content Characteristics1. Objectives ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

2. Clarity ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

3. Relevance ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

32

B. Instructional Characteristics

1. Design ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

2. Suitability ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

3. Testing Method ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

33

APPENDIX D

DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENTSC.1 Respondent’s Questionnaire Checklist

Republic of the PhilippinesUNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM

Rodriguez, Rizal

Name: (Optional) __________________________ Sex: _______ Age: ________

Directions: Check the characteristics of the module based on the following:

5 = Highly acceptable

4 = Acceptable

3 = Moderately Acceptable

2 = Slightly Acceptable

1 = Not Acceptable

5 4 3 2 1

1. The module is limited in scope to ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

cover what is normally covered in

one class period.

2. All items given in the module are simple ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

and clearly defined.

34

3.The language used is simple and ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

easily understood by the respondents.

4. All that a teacher usually ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

discussed in class was clearly stated

in detail in the material.

5. The material was parallel to other ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

instructional materials.

6. The developed module is appropriate and ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

interesting.

7. The module provides for self- learning. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

8. The module provides a connection for a close ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

interaction between the learner and the

subject matter.

9. The module develops the self-esteem of learners ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

and gives them confidence to answer

10. The module makes learning integrative ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

JOAN R. CARIMPONG

JOB B. JACOBE


35

APPENDIX E

LETTER OF REQUEST FOR AN ADVISER

Date: _______________________

Sir:

We have the honour to request from your good office for the appointment of DR. STEPHEN P. SOLIGUEN as an Adviser for our undergraduate thesis entitled “DEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION AND EVALUATION OF A PROPOSED MODULE IN LITERATURE BASED ON VICTOR HUGO’S LES MISRABLES” FOR THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS”

We shall be grateful for your kind approval.

Thank you very much and God Bless.

Respectfully yours,

JOAN R. CARIMPONG

JOB B. JACOBE


Noted by:

LUZVIMINDA O. MILLARES, MATResearch Professor

Accepted by:

STEPHEN P. SOLIGUEN, Ed. D. Adviser


36


APPENDIX F

LETTER OF REQUEST FOR CRITIC READER

Date: _______________________

Sir:

We have the honour to request from your good office for the appointment of MR. ALEXANDER ALTAMARINO as Language Critic for our undergraduate thesis entitled “DEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION AND EVALUATION OF A PROPOSED MODULE IN LITERATURE BASED ON VICTOR HUGO’S LES MISRABLES” FOR THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS”


Thank you very much. Respectfully yours,

JOAN R. CARIMPONG

JOB B. JACOBE


Noted by:

LUZVIMINDA O. MILLARES, MATResearch Professor

Accepted by:

ALEXANDER C. ALTAMARINO, MAT Critic Reader


37


APPENDIX G

LETTER OF REQUEST FOR STATISTICIAN

Date: _______________________

Sir:

We have the honour to request from your good office for the appointment of EMMANUEL LLARENAS as an Statistician for our undergraduate thesis entitled “DEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION AND EVALUATION OF A PROPOSED MODULE IN LITERATURE BASED ON VICTOR HUGO’S LES MISRABLES” FOR THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS”


Thank you very much.

Respectfully yours,

JOAN R. CARIMPONG

JOB B. JACOBE


Noted by:

LUZVIMINDA O. MILLARESResearch Professor

Accepted by:

EMMANUEL M. LLARENASStatistician


38


CURRICULUM VITAE

Joan Reyes Carimpong

Blk – 2 Lot – 18 Salvador St., Burgos

San Jose, Rodriguez, Rizal

Cell. # (63)09424835161

________________________________________________________________________

PERSONAL DATA

Gender : Female

Civil Status : Single

Age : 21

Date of Birth : March 21, 1991

Place of Birth : Rodriguez, Rizal

Nationality : Filipino

Religion : Roman Catholic

Father’s Name : Emmanuel Q, Carimpong

Mother’s Name : Lilibeth R. Carimpong

39

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Elementary : Burgos Elementary School (Main)

March 2003

Secondary : Burgos National High School

March 2007

Tertiary : University of Rizal System

Rodriguez, Rizal

Course : Bachelor of Secondary Education

Major in English

ORGANIZATION/AFFILIATION...................................................................................

GUILD OF ENGLISH MAJORS MEMBER (2010)

SPEAK ENGLISH MEMBER (2008)

PHILIPPINE RED CROSS MEMBER (2006)

SPECIAL AWARDS…………………………………………………………………..

ELEMENTARY FIFTH HONORABLE MENTION

HIGH SCHOOL SEVENTH HONORABLE MENTION

40

SPECIAL SKILLS……………………………………………………………………

SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE INSTALLATION

COMPUTER TROUBLESHOOTING

COOKING

WORKING EXPERIENCE…………………………………………………………..

G and W CLUB SHARES Inc. TECHNICAL SUPPORT 2007-2008

PCX PESO-CENT INC. HR ASSISSTANT 2009-2010

BENCH CLOTHING Inc. HR DIVISION HEAD ASSISSTANT 2011-June 2012

41

CURRICULUM VITAE

Job Balingit Jacobe

Daang Tubo St. Manggahan, Rodriguez. Rizal

Cell. # (63)09424835161

________________________________________________________________________

PERSONAL DATA

Gender : Male


Age : 18

Date of Birth : March 20, 1994

Place of Birth : Rodriguez, Rizal


Religion : Christian – Born Again

Father’s Name : Rolando C. Jacobe

Mother’s Name : Nenita B. Jacobe

42


Elementary : Burgos Elementary School (Main)

March 2006

Secondary : Burgos National High School

March 2010


Rodriguez, Rizal


Major in English

ORGANIZATIONS/AFFILIATION………………………………………………



SANGGUNIANG KABATAAN CHAIRMAN (2010 – PRESENT)

SPECIAL SKILLS…………………………………………………………………

COMPUTER LITERATE

DRIVING

WORKING EXPERIENCE………………………………………………………

SANGGUNIANG KABATAAN CHAIRMAN 2010-PRESENT

43

CURRICULUM VITAE

Janileen C. Sarmiento

Blk-2 Lot-8 Ph-2 Amityville,

San Jose, Rodriguez, Rizal

Cell.#09305046625_

_______________________________________________________________________

PERSONAL DATA

Gender : Female


Age : 18

Date of Birth : May 18, 1994

Place of Birth : Masbate, City


Religion : Mormons

Father’s Name : Josue Sarmiento Jr.

Mother’s Name : Aileen C. Sarmiento

44


Elementary : Amityville Elementary School

March 2003

Secondary : Tagumpay National High School

March 2007


Rodriguez, Rizal


Major in English

ORGANIZATIONS/AFFILIATION………………………………………………



PAMITINAN NEWS WRITER (2012)

SPECIAL AWARDS……………………………………………………………….

ELEMENTARY FIRST HONORABLE MENTION

BEST IN FILIPINO

BEST IN WRITING

45

SPECIAL SKILLS…………………………………………………………………

DANCING

WRITING ESSAYS, SPORTS ARTICLES

COMPUTER LITERATE

WORKING EXPERIENCE………………………………………………………

JOLLIBEE FOOD Inc. SERVICE CREW 2012

CHOREOGRAPHER ON CALL 2011-PRESENT

thesis content

Documents

reading ability

quality education

formal education

role of education

learning materials

important subject

individuals development

printed materials