thermal and moisture protection
DESCRIPTION
Thermal and Moisture Protection. Major Topics. Waterproofing Membrane Clay Cementitious Dampproofing Hot-applied Cold-applied. Major Topics con’t. Building Insulation Rigid Mineral Fiber Loose-fill Foamed-in-place Roofing Low slope vs. steep Types of roofing materials. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Thermal and Moisture Protection
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Major Topics
Waterproofing Membrane Clay Cementitious
Dampproofing Hot-applied Cold-applied
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Major Topics con’t
Building Insulation Rigid Mineral Fiber Loose-fill Foamed-in-place
Roofing Low slope vs. steep Types of roofing materials
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Major Topics con’t
Flashing Siding Sealants
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Waterproofing
As defined in ASTM D1079: “the treatment of a surface or a structure to prevent the passage of water under hydrostatic pressure.”
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Membrane
Fluid-applied membranes are usually: Polyurethane Hot Rubberized Asphalt – not as
elastic as polyurethane and requires a thicker coat
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Sheet Membranes
Butyl synthetic rubber sheet [60 mils thick]
Ethylene propylene diene monomers (EPDM) [min. 1/16” thick]
Pre-molded bituminous [7 ply] Rubberized asphalt [56 mils] Self-adhesive butyl [60 mils-
requires adhesive primer]
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Bituminous
Usually applied on vertical below-grade surfaces
Hot coal-tar pitch or hot asphalt The number of plies, overall
thickness, and content vary according to the depth of the hydrostatic head (in ft. – all increase as the depth increases)
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Clay waterproofing
Bentonite clay – when wet, it expands to between 10 to 15 times its dry volume.
It is typically mixed with water & sprayed in place (also available in dry sheets between cardboard)
Placed below grade to exterior surfaces
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Cementitious Waterproofing
Composed of portland cement, aggregate, and an acrylic or plastic admix.
It may also contain iron fillers (then known as iron oxide waterproofing)
Hydraulic cement – another form of cementitious waterproofing used to seal holes, cracks and open joints (often in free-flowing water)
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Dampproofing
May be hot- or cold- applied Hot consists of an asphalt primer
or a coal-tar-based primer Used on the exterior of buildings-
not interior because of lingering odor and the problems associated with using “hot” products indoors.
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Building Insulation
Usually added to the roof, walls, and floors of a structure
4 basic classifications are: Rigid board Mineral fiber Loose fill Foamed-in-place
Listed according to their R-Values
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Rigid Insulation Usable in all parts of a building –usually in a board form Most are [Resistance/inch]:
Polystyrene – sensitive to daylight, give off carbon monoxide while burning
Polyurethane [6.25] – may expand after exposure to moisture Polyisocyanurate [7.2] Perlite [2.78] – will not burn, tends to absorb water Phenolic [8.3] –breaks easily, corrodes metal Cellular glass block- [2.5] – breaks easily, deteriorates if exposed to
freezing & thawing Organic fiber – roofing systems primary use, wood fibers and water
resistant binders Glass fiber Composites – take advantage of high R-values of some materials in
combination with the stability of others
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Mineral Fiber Insulation
Products made from fibers from rock, slag, or glass
Naturally resistant to fire, moisture, and vermin
May be semi-rigid boards, batts, or blankets (longer than batts and sold in large rolls). Intended to fit between studs (16” or 24” o.c.)
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Loose-fill Insulation
Comprised of fibers, granules, or chips
May be poured or “blown” into attics or wall cavities
Common additives may include: adhesives, and chemical treatments to resist fire and vermin
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Foamed-in-place Insulation
Created by a chemical reaction that expands a mixture of components as much as 30 times
Curing typically takes from 24-72 hours, at which time the mixture solidifies into a cellular plastic
Care must be taken not to “overfill” a cavity
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Roofing
Low slope – in general, these are roofs which slope less than 11/2”/ft.
On low slope roofs a system of compatible components is selected to work together to form a waterproof membrane
Common systems used are: built-up roof or single-ply
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Examples of Single-Ply Membranes
EPDM – factory cured elastomer, bonded to themselves using adhesives
CSPE (DuPont Hypalon) –synthetic rubber, may also be liquid
CPE – un-reinforced or polyester reinforced sheet material
PIB – formulated from isobutylene and other polymers, carbon black, and additional additives
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Example of Built-up Roof
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Steep Roofing
Slopes exceed 11/2”/ft. Many materials used in modern
roofing practices existed centuries ago (clay tiles, and stone)
Material used is based on: cost criteria, slope of roof, expected service life, wind resistance, fire resistance, and local climate.
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Roofing Material and Slope
Min. Slope
Type of roof
2 in 12 Asphalt shingles
3 in 12 Mineral fiber-cement shingles, wood shakes or shingles
4 in 12 Slate shingles, concrete tile (other than flat)
5 in 12 Flat clay tile, concrete tile
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Roofing Underlayment
Should be asphalt-saturated felt (usually a No. 15 or No. 30 used, may require more than 1 layer-depending on roofing material selected)
Applied immediately after the roof sheathing is in place
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Underlayment Performs These Functions:
Protects sheathing from moisture absorption
Prevents the entrance of wind-driven rain onto sheathing
Prevents direct contact between asphalt shingles and resinous areas in wood sheathing (chemically incompatible-may damage shingles)
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Types of Roofing Materials
Asphalt shingles Slate Tile Mineral-Fiber-Cement shingles Wood shingles and shakes Metal
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Roofing Styles
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Examples
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Examples
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Examples of Roofing
http://www.tricityroofing.com/types.html
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Comparison of Types of Roofing
http://aihomeinspection.com/exterior.html
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Flashing
Should be installed at all intersections of other roofs, walls, and projections from roof.
Flashing should be made of corrosion resistant materials such as: Galvanized or stainless steel (min 26 gauge) Aluminum (0.019 inch min.) –avoid using next
to masonry Copper (16 oz.) –if not lead coated…may stain
surrounding materials Flexible sheet- made of PVC or modified
polymers-used in single-ply & some BUR
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Typical Locations for Flashing
Valleys –joint formed by 2 sloping roofs
Chimney Eaves – ice forming along the
eaves Drip edge All roof penetrations
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Siding The type of wall siding selected depends on
cost, expected life service, wind resistance, fire resistance, local climate, and maintenance.
Possible materials include: Mineral-Fiber-Cement shingles Wood shingles & shakes Aluminum and Vinyl siding Wood or Hardboard siding
Bevel, Tongue & Groove, Lap, Board and Batten
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Sealants Basic types of building sealants include:
Elastomeric (rubber like) –polysulfides, silicone, polyurethane [expansion joints]
Solvent release curing [small-joints (3/16” or less] Latex emulsion [small interior joints, doors,windows] Tape [glazing, concealing lap joints] Acoustical [seal sound transmission, electrical
outlets] Preformed Foam Oil-based caulking compounds [doors, windows,
masonry subject to little or no movement]