1.Therapy with the TraumatizedBy Lynn Stacy& Cheryl Douglass

2. PTSDPost Traumatic Stress Disorder 3. PTSD Facts 1 in 10 Americans will experience a traumatic eventthat will cause psychological & biological changesknown as PTSD. In the U.S., 60% of men and 50% of womenexperience a traumatic event during their lifetime. Ofthese, 8% of men and 20% of women will developPTSD. PTSD affects women at higher rates than men. Thiscan be attributed to the higher incidence of rapetowards women (9% vs. less than 1%). 88% of men & 79% of women who are diagnosed withPTSD also have another psychiatric disorder. Abouthalf suffer from major depression, 16% with anxietydisorders, & 28% with social phobia. 4. PTSD FACTS.. Individuals with PTSD have higher rates ofsubstance abuse. In men, alcohol abuse is 52%& drug abuse is 35%. With women, alcohol abuseis 28% and drug abuse is 27%.More than half of the Vietnam War veterans (1.7million) experienced PTSD.African Americans are more likely to developPTSD than their Caucasian counterparts. Individuals diagnosed with heart attacks andcancer have been diagnosed with PTSD.Refugees who have fled their native countriesmay develop PTSD and go without treatment foryears. 5. PTSD FACTS. New mothers who experience difficult deliveryduring childbirth may develop PTSD, as well asan individual who regains partial consciousnessduring surgery. Percentage of soldiers reporting mental healthproblems during screenings: Active duty: Upon return from Iraq: 11.8% three tosix months later: 16.7% Reserves: Upon return from Iraq: 12.7% three tosix months later: 24.5% 6. PTSD SYMPTOMS.. re-experiencingFlashbacks-physical symptoms, racingheartsweatingBAD DREAMSFrightening thoughts!!!! 7. Avoidance. Feeling Stay away from emotionally remindersnumb Feeling Loss of interest guilt, depression in activitiesor worryHaving trouble remembering theEVENT 8. Hyperarousal. Being easily startled! Feeling tense or on edge Difficulty sleeping or having angry outbursts! 9. DSM. 309.81 saysThe person has been exposed to a traumatic eventThe traumatic event is personally experienced in oneor more waysPersistent avoidance of stimuli or traumatic event andnumbing of general responsivenessPersistent symptoms of increased arousalDuration of the disturbance is more than 1 monthDisturbance causes clinically significant or impairment 10. Thought Field TherapyBy. Dr. RogerCallahan 11. Goodheart Ellis & Craig Applied Callahan Simplied Kinesiology Callahans Psychological Methods distress Psychodynamic underpinning 12. Eye Movement Desensitization andReprocessing God whispers to us in ourpleasures, speaks in our conscience, but shouts in our pains: it is His megaphone to rouse a deafworld.-C.S Lewis 13. brief historyFrancine Shapiro Ph.D.clinicalpsychologist from California withaccolades, membership and world classrecognition in Trauma Psychology andPsychotherapy Adaptive Information Processing 14. brief history. Walk in the park reveals that spontaneous eyemovements were associated with negativeemotions & cognitive changes AND bilateral eye movements relieve negativeemotions associated with distressing memories Implementation of a controlled case study with 22random assignments; - EMD , - imagery &description. EMD decreased subjective distress andsignificantly increased ratings of positive belief Participants in EMD resulted in greater changethan those in imagery conditioning 15. Nice Cat! OHCAT BIT ME!Fast ride away uglyNO! GATE IS OMG! BLOOD fromdoctor! OPEN!and LOTS of VACATION!pain!Bright lightsoxygensurgery. You want me to sign WHAT? Theory of Adaptive Information Processing Model says.. Physiologically based processing memories are stored network links. Learning occurs when links to previously stored memory are combined with new associations. 16. Process of traumaTrauma event happens Incomplete thoughts Or dissociation Prevention of appropriate memory storageDysfunctional Memory Storagebad connections! Triggered memories thenenable people to relive either emotions or physical sensations! This prevents the forging of connections to adaptive information in other memory networks !!-Shapiro 17. Small trauma is what produces the personality disorders which become the basis for dysfunctional reactions !!!! 18. Theory of personalityEVERYONE HAS THE ABILITY TO RECOVER! ShapiroMany have unrelenting standards meaning.People are hard on themselves! Interaction of persons temperament+ hurtful experiences = TRAUMA 19. Theory of trauma"When trauma occurs, the information processing system becomesimbalanced. Perceptions that were there at the time of the event becomelocked metaphorically in their own neural network. Theyre unable toconnect with anything more adaptive. 20. Mechanisms of psychotherapyORIENTING RESPONSE is a natural response ofinterest & attention that is elicited when attention isdrawn to a new stimulus.Cognitive/Information ProcessingBehavioralNeurobiologicalThis happens through dual stimulation andimplemented in one of three ways: bilateral eyemovements, audio-tones, or hand pats. 21. process of psychotherapy- 8phases1. Take the client 5.Perform installation historyof newly desired2. Prepare or educate cognitions the client about the6. Direct client to body processscan-in terms of3. Perform assessment physical a. Identifying ratingsensationsscales 7. Install closure- b. Therapeutic request for targetsjournaling progress4. perform& self control Desensitization sets techniques 22. Application issues. Can be used to treatPTSD, depression, addiction, grief, andSOME psychotic symptomseven stressedgolfersIs multifaceted because of differentmethods of dual stimulation available intreatment, EMDRcan be used to treathearing & visually impaired and children toseniors in every culture where EMDRtherapists are trained 23. A review of current research According to a 2009 intervention where EMDR wasused with child flood victims in Argentina, Bluthgenand Knofler report in International Journal of StressMgmt that A comprehensive group intervention with124 children, who experienced disaster relatedtrauma during a massive flood utilizing a one sessiongroup protocol. Significant differences were obtainedand maintained at 3-month follow up. In a 2002 position paper for the Israeli NationalCouncil for Mental Health, Bleich, Kotler, Kutz andShalev reported that EMDR is one of threetreatment methods that are used to treat terrorvictims. In a 2007 with person-under-train accident or 24. Empirical evidenceStudy submitted in 2006In the 1999 Turkish Earthquake survivors study, usingthe PSS-SR criteria, 38 (92.7%) of the 41participants who were tested at pre-treatment no longerexhibited PTSD at post-treatment.At follow-up, 18 (85.7%) of the 21 participants no longermet criteria for PTSD 25. EMDR in the 1999 Turkey earthquakesurvivorsFigure 1. Comparison of early and late treatment pre and posttestPTSD Symptom Scale Self-Report (PSS-SR) scores (N 41).(Konuk, Knipe, Eke, Yusek, Yurtsever and Ostep,2006) 26. Comparison of pre and post follow-up Posttraumatic StressDisorder Symptom Scale (PSS-SR) scores (N 21) for early and late-treated groupscombined(Konuk, Knipe, Eke, Yusek, Yurtsever andOstep,2006) 27. Another example: treatment of PTSD.Means and Standard Deviations for PTSD and BDI Scores before and after Six SessionsTable 1*__________________________________________________________________ TreatmentPre Post____________ PTSD Scores PE 34.56 means 15.78**(8.06) SD (9.16) EMDR 26.58 9.10**(11.56) (11.22) BDI Scores PE27.0010.67** (10.84)(3.13) EMDR17.20 5.50** (8.60) (4.35) Note. n 5 19 (PE n 5 9, EMDR n 5 10). **p , .01. *Sessions included one for evaluation, two for preparation, and three activetreatment sessions with PE or EMDR with 22 individuals 28. Criticisms from literatureWhat people have saidabout EMDR .the TRUTH EMDR IS Hypnosis No. Hypnosis inducesrelaxation. EMDRconnects with ananxious mental state EMDR is simple eye It is a complex movement therapy approach topsychotherapy used EMDR cures PTSD inalong with one sessionpsychodynamic, cognitive & family therapies EMDR desensitizesthe anxiety..not to 29. Conclusions to EMDR treatmentmethodsAdaptive information processing says that memory is physiological and stored in network links. EMD was devised in order to enable individuals toappropriate negative thoughts to a positive adaptable setof storage rules EMDR is an effective treatment method for treatingtrauma,addictions, depression, & some psychoticissues acrosscultures Treatment can more often be completed in less time Treatment outcomes are much higher than othermethods used to treat disorders.in follow-upstudies 30. The proof is in the pudding.WATCH!