THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK

Quality of life (QOL) means a good life and we believe that a good life is the same as living a life

with a high quality. The notion of a good life can be observed from subjective to the objective,where this

spectrum incorporates a number of existing quality of life theories. The Integrative Quality of Life theory

Discusses the following aspects : well being, satisfaction with life, happiness,meaning in life, the

biological information system (“balance”), realizing life potential, fulfillment of needs, and objective

factors.All great religions and philosophies have a notion of a good life ranging from saying that a good

life is attained by practical codes of conduct to requests to engage in a certain positive attitude to life or to

search into the depths of your own being. These notions can then be divided into three loosely separate

groups, each concerned with an aspect of a good life:

The subjective quality of life is how good a life each individual feels he or she has.Whether an

individual is content with life and happy are aspects that reflect the subjective quality of life.

The existential quality of life means how good one’s life is at a deeper level. It is assumed that the

individual has a deeper nature that deserves to be respected and that the individual can live in

harmony with.

The objective quality of life means how one’s life is perceived by the outside world. This

view is influenced by the culture in which people live.

THE HUMAN RESPONSE MODEL

The three major constructs of the human response model are person factors,environment factors,

and human responses (individual adaptation) (Heitkemper & Bond,2003). Person factors are

characteristics such as age, gender, and health status that influence the individual’s responses

when experiencing altering conditions. Environment factors are any external circumstances that

can create threats or provide resources for an individual’s adaptation. Finally, the human

response construct represents individual adaptation to changing conditions through physical,

experiential, and behavioral responses (Heitkemper & Bond, 2003; Heitkemper & Shaver, 1989).

At the same time, system adaptation continuously occurs and provides feedback,

as either a process or a product of the system. As a process of the system, the adaptation

is a demonstrated self-organization of all units when they respond to changes in the

environment. On the other hand, as a product of the system, adaptation is an exhibited

emergence as a result of the complex interplay among person (internal) and external

environmental factors.

The Health Belief Model The Health Belief Model (HBM) focuses on perceptions individuals have of the

threat posed by a health problem (susceptibility, severity), the potential benefits of

avoiding the threat, and factors influencing the decision to act (barriers, cues to

action, and self-efficacy). The tenet of this model is that for individuals to adopt a

new health behavior or change their current health behavior, they have to (1) believe

they are susceptible to the condition, (2) believe the condition will have serious

consequences, (3) believe that changing their behavior will reduce their susceptibility

to the condition or its severity, and (4) believe costs of taking action (perceived

barriers) are outweighed by the benefits. Health behavior change in this model is

also facilitated by specific factors that prompt action such as a reminder from one’s

provider (also called a ‘‘cue to action’’) or when the individual is confident in their

ability to successfully perform an action (also called ‘‘self-efficacy’’).