theories, strategies and approaches of development

7/27/2019 Theories, Strategies and Approaches of Development

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RURAL DEVELOPMENT

Rural areas are facing major challenges todaywhich arise mainly from globalization, demographicchange and the rural migration of young, well-trained people.

Rural areas - are those which are not classified asurban areas. They are outside the jurisdiction ofmunicipal corporations and committees and notifiedtown area committees (Singh, 1986).

DEVELOPMENT - Development is a process ofcontinues rise in the capability of the people tocontrol their present and future well being (Cuyno, etal., 1982).


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The definition embraces three basic concepts:

It is a process suggesting change in peoplesoutlook, capabilities and way of life;

Mans capability to accomplish work by him or withminimum assistance;

Control of oneself.

Therefore, development as a process involves botheconomic growth and social development.

From the economist point of view, developmentisusually associated with the material well being of agiven society.


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To the layman, development means havingadequate food, i.e. the opportunity to eat threetimes a day; adequate education or being able to

send the children to school, even just high school,trade school; enough income to meet the basicneeds like clothing, housing, food and free fromsickness.

RURAL DEVELOPMENTAs a concept, it connotes overall development

in the rural areas with a view to improve the quality oflife of the rural people.

As a phenomenon, it is the result of interactionsbetween various physical, technological, economic,socio-cultural, institutional factors.


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As a strategy, it is designed to improve theeconomic and social well-being of a specific group ofpeoplethe rural poor.

THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT

1. Theory of ModernisationAccording to this theory; modern societies are more

productive, children are better educated, and theneedy receive more welfare.

Modernisation is a progressive process which in thelong run is not only inevitable but desirable.

It assumes that Third World countries are traditional andthat Western countries are modern.

( Modernisation sees rich countries as helpers of poorcountries. )


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2. Theory of dependency

this states that Underdevelopment is not a condition: itis an active process of impoverishment linked todevelopment. That is, some parts of the world areunderdeveloped because others are developed. Theyare not separate processes but two aspects of thesame process.

poverty in the Third World is not traditional oraccidental. It is a necessary companion to the richnessof the developed world. The expansion of the industrialworld deformed the rest of the world.

( Dependency sees them as the main obstacle to thewell-being of the poorer countries. )


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3. Theory of Globalization

This theory has 3 main assumptions:

a. cultural factors are the determinant aspect inevery society.

b. it is not important, under current worldconditions to use the nation-state as the unit of analysis,since global communications and international ties are

making this category less useful.

c. with more standardization in technologicaladvances, more and more social sectors will be able toconnect themselves with other groups around the

world. This situation will involve the dominant and non-dominant groups from each nation.


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The rural development strategy for the

Philippines identifies the following:

1. Deepen and implement key structural reformsto help ensure a sustained, higher, and broad-basedgrowth of agriculture, by removing policy andinstitutional distortions and making the sector more

efficient and internationally more competitive;

2. Facilitate increased and prioritized strategic

public and private investments;

3. Improve natural resource management; and

(iv) Strengthen institutional framework, capacity andperformance


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The possible outcomes for the strategies stated:

1. increased rural incomes and employment;

2. more equitable access to productiveresources;

3. sustainable development of naturalresources/enhanced ecological integrity

4. empowerment of rural communities/humancapital development.


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Rural Development ApproachWithin the traditional sector, agriculture is more a way

of life than a sector of the economy but Men and notfarms are the centre of interest and the object of ruraldevelopment.

In order to reach its goal, rural development tries toimprove the situationin rural areas from all possible angles.

It includes measures to modernizeagricultural techniques, but also the creation ofsupply and marketing institutions and credit

facilities. In order to make the best possible use ofthese facilities, it includes training and extensionservice.


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Transportation plays a role as stimulus of economicactivity. Communication, health, communitydevelopment and rural industries are important

aspects. Last .but not least, a proper localadministration to plan, coordinate, implement andsupervise all measures is one of the most importantaspects

Rural development has to be planned according togiven natural, economic and sociological conditions.

These tend to vary from area to area, and, therefore,detailed planning for rural development cannot bedone at a national level.


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Rural poverty approaches, policies andstrategies in the Philippines

Over the past two decades, the Government of thePhilippines has singled out poverty reduction as one ofits highest priorities.

The current Medium-Term Development Plan 2004-

2010 (MTDP) defines policies and programmesdesigned to fight poverty by building prosperity for thegreatest number of Filipino people.

The MTDP focuses on: macroeconomic stability, with equitable growth

based on free enterprise


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Development of rural microenterprises is a keyelement in the government's strategy

The plan gives priority to: supporting rural enterprises and cooperatives

constructing more roads connecting farmers tomarkets

providing farmers and indigenous peoples withgreater access to land, credit and technology

lessening exploitation of farmers and fishers

providing more strategic, effective and timely

interventions and safety nets

improving the quality of life of poor rural people


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The government's overall strategy focuses oncreating 6 to 10 million jobs, providing education forall, and reducing the incidence of poverty from 34per cent to 17 per cent. The core poverty eradicationprogramme is known as KALAHI, meaning "linkingarms against poverty". It promotes more rapid assetreform, including agrarian reform and reformsinvolving ancestral domain issues. The programmeworks to make essential services, including cleanwater and health care, more accessible and moreaffordable. It supports income-generating activitiesthrough credit and capacity-building, andparticipation of poor people in decision-making. A

programme goal is to provide protection and securityfor vulnerable poor people, including children, youngpeople with special needs, women in difficultcircumstances, people with disabilities and theelderly.


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THE END EACH INDIVIDUAL HAS A VITAL ROLE IN

DEVELOPMENT. IT IS OURSELVES THATMAKES DEVELOPMENT. DEVELOPMENT

IS US. CHARRRRROOOOTTTT..


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THANK YOU.

theories, strategies and approaches of development

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