theoretical foundations of nursing by kds
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Analysis of Nursing Theory
WHAT IS A THEORY?
Definition
Components
A supposition or system of ideas that is proposed to explain a given phenomenon. (Kozier & Erb, 2007)
composed of concepts, propositions, definitions and assumptions.
A creative and rigorous structuring of ideas that projects a tentative, purposeful, systemic view of phenomenon. (Chinn & Krammer)
What composes a Theory?
□ Concepts
□ Propositions
□ Definitions
□ Assumptions
ABSTRACT
CONCRETE
CONCEPTUAL
OPERATIONAL
ConceptsPropositionAssumptionDefinition
Systematically organized
THEORY
VIE
W
PHENOMENA
WHAT IS A NURSING THEORY?
Definition
Components
Purpose
Characteristics
Categories
Development
Concepts
Nursing Theory A group of interrelated concepts that are
developed from various studies of disciplines and related experiences.
Framework of thought in which to examine situations. (Delaune, 2006)
Components of Theory(Accdg. To Barnum, 1994)
Context Content Process
Purposes of Theory
Education
Research
Clinical Practice
Characteristics of Theory
Correlational Logical in nature Simple but generally broad Source of hypothesis Contribute in knowledge enrichment Guide Consistent
Metaparadigm of Nursing:
4 Strategies of Theory Development:
Theory – Practice – Theory Practice – Theory Research Theory or Inductive
Method Theory – Research - Theory
Stages of Theory DevelopmentSilent Knowledge
Stage
Received Knowledge Stage
Subjective Knowledge Stage
Procedural Knowledge Stage
Categories of Theoriesaccording to:
Function
Range
Focus / Orientation
Underpinnings
According to Function:
Descriptive theories/ Factor-Isolating
Explanatory theories/ Factor-Relating
Predictive theories/ Situation-Relating
Prescriptive theories/ Situation-Producing
According to RANGE
GRAND Theories
MIDDLE-RANGE Theories
MICRO-RANGE Theories
According to FOCUS/ORIENTATION
CLIENT-CENTERED Theory NURSE-CLIENT Theory CLIENT-NURSE-
ENVIRONMENT Theoryclient
`
nurse
environment
According to Philosophical Underpinnings:
Needs Theory Interaction Theory Outcome Theory Humanistic Theory
HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF NURSING
INTUITIVE NURSING / MEDIEVAL PERIOD
PERIOD OF EDUCATED NURSING/ NIGHTINGALE ERA (19th-20th Century )
PERIOD OF CONTEMPORARY NURSING
PERIOD OF APPRENTICE NURSING / MIDDLE AGES
PERIOD OF INTUITIVE NURSING/ MEDIEVAL
PERIOD Nursing was “untaught & intinctive” Nursing was a function that belonged to
women No caregiving training Primitive men believed that illness was
caused by the invasion of the victim’s body of evil spirits
Use of trephining
PERIOD OF APPRENTICE NURSING/ MIDDLE AGES Care was done by Crusaders, prisoners,
religious orders Nursing care was performed without formal
education Nursing went down to the lowest level The Kaiserswerth Institute for the training
of Deaconesses was establishe in Germany
PERIOD OF EDUCATED NURSING
The dev’t of Nsg.was strongly influenced by trends resulting from wars, arousal of social consciousness
Increased educational opportunities offered to women
Florence Nightingale recruited female nurse 1860- the Nightingale Training School of Nurses
opened at St.Thomas hosp.in London Nursing evolved as an art and science Formal nursing education and Nursing Service
begun
PERIOD OF CONTEMPORARY NURSING
Licensure of nurses started Specialization of hospital and diagnosis Training of Nurses in Diploma Program Dev’t of baccalaureate and advance
degree programs Scientific and technological dev’t as well
as social changes marked this period
ROLES OF
NURSES
RESEARCHER TEACHER
LEADERCLIENT
ADVOCATE
CARE PROVIDER
COMMUNICATOR
CHANGE AGENT
MANAGER COUNSELOR
EXPANDED ROLES OF NURSES
NURSE GENERALIST
NURSE CLINICIAN
NURSE PRACTITIONER
NURSE SPECIALIST
Nursing is an art: and if it is to be made an art, it requires an exclusive devotion as hard a preparation, as any painter's or sculptor's work; for what is the having to do with dead canvas or dead marble, compared with having to do with the living body, the temple of God's spirit? It is one of the Fine Arts: I had almost said, the finest of Fine Arts. ~Florence Nightingale
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