their rise, their science, and how ict (standards) keep ...€¦ · t3.3 safety –disaster relief...
TRANSCRIPT
Reinhard Scholl, ITUWorkshop “European Approach to Standardization for a Digital Market”
18-19 May 2016, Athens, Greece
Cities –their rise, their science, and
how ICT (standards) keep them sustainable
1. The rise of the cities
Going to the cities
“The 19th century was a century of empires, the 20th century was a century of nation states and the 21st century will be a century of cities.”
Wellington Webb – former mayor of Denver
Cities and Population Trends
* UNICEF 2012: an urban population
Building a sustainable future
11: “Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable”
2. The science of cities
It’s the size of the population of a city that matters!
… not history, not geography
On one hand, a city is like an organism – sublinear scaling
Size: elephant = 10,000 * guinea pigEnergy: elephant = 1,000 * guinea pig (only!)
Cities behave like an elephant (sometimes). A sustainable society requires big cities to get bigger
The Origins of Scaling in Cities," by L.M.A. Bettencourt in Science, June 2013; research by Geoffrey West and Luis Bettencourt, Santa Fe Institute, USA.
Proportional growth
Sublinear growth
On the other hand, cities are like nothing else: superlinear scaling (surprise!)
Proportional growth
Superlinear growth
The Origins of Scaling in Cities," by L.M.A. Bettencourt in Science, June 2013; research by Geoffrey West and Luis Bettencourt, Santa Fe Institute, USA.
3. … and how ICT (standards) keep cities sustainable
City management will go the same way as Formula 1 racing
From mechanics to computers
SSC: Develop broadband (*), smart infrastructure and integrated platform
SSC: Smart Sustainable City
(*) ITU G.fast: fiber-speed on last couple of hundred meters of copper (!) cables
Why International Standards?
ITU & UNECE define Key Performance Indicators:3 areas, 19 topics, 92 indicators (see back-up slides)
SSC: Open up your data and measure success
Source: Draft new ITU Standard on KPIs for smart sustainable cities to asses the achievement of sustainable development goals
You cannot manage what
you cannot measure!
Assess the smartness
and sustainability
of the city
Advisory Board and Technical Advisory
Group
ITU- UNECE KPIs
International Standards
Dubai
Singapore
Montevideo
Buenos Aires
and many others…
Measure successGuidelines and
policies
Pilot ITU/UNECE KPIs in your city to reach SDGs!
United 4 Smart Sustainable Cities
Launched 18 May 2016:
Advocates for public policy to encourage the use of ICTs to facilitate transition to SSC
http://itu.int/go/U4SSC
Global Smart Sustainable Cities Index
… derived from this set of indicators
Participate!
• 13 July 2016, Singapore
• ITU-T SG20 (IoT and SSC): 25 July - 5 August 2016, Geneva
• ITU/UNECE/WEF Forum on Smart Cities & IoT, 25 July 2016
ITU Flipbook on smart sustainable cities
Access here: http://wftp3.itu.int/pub/epub_shared/TSB/ITUT-Tech-Report-Specs/2016/en/flipviewerxpress.html (1000+ pages)
Content
Empowering SSC Transitions
Exploring the SSC Infrastructure
Metrics for Measuring SSC Transitions
Paving the way for SSC
Greek philosopher Plato
“This city is what it is because our citizens are what they are”
Backup Slides
“A smart sustainable city is an innovative city that uses information and communication technologies (ICTs) and other means to improve quality of life,
efficiency of urban operation and services, and competitiveness, while ensuring that it meets the needs of present and future generations with respect to economic,
social, environmental as well as cultural aspects”.
International definition
Standards• [ITU-T L.1600] Recommendation ITU-T L.1600 (2015), Overview
of key performance indicators (KPIs) in smart sustainable cities.• [ITU-T L.1601] Recommendation ITU-T L.1601 (2015), Key
performance indicators (KPIs) related to the level and usage of information and communication technology (ICT) in smart sustainable cities.
• [ITU-T L.1602] Recommendation ITU-T L.1602 (2015), Key performance indicators (KPIs) related to the sustainability impacts of information and communication technology (ICT) in smart sustainable cities.
• [ITU-T L Suppl.19] Supplement 19 to ITU-T L.1600 (2015), Key performance indicators (KPIs) definitions for smart sustainable cities.
• [ITU-T K Suppl.4] Supplement 4 to ITU-T K.91 (2015), Electromagnetic field consideration in smart sustainable cities.
• [ISO 37120] ISO 37120:2014, Sustainable development of communities – Indicators for city services and quality of life.
• UNECE: UNECE smart cities indicators
Complete list of indicators
Topic No. Indicator nameCore
indicatorAdditional indicator
T1.1 ICT infrastructure C1.1.1 Internet access in households x
T1.1 ICT infrastructure C1.1.2 household with a computer x
T1.1 ICT infrastructure A1.1.1 Wireless broadband subscriptions x
T1.1 ICT infrastructure A1.1.2 Fixed broadband subscriptions x
T1.1 ICT infrastructure A1.1.3 Household with a mobile device x
T1.2 Innovation C1.2.1 R&D expenditure x
T1.2 Innovation C1.2.2 Patents x
T1.2 Innovation A1.2.1 SMEs x
T1.3 Employment C1.3.1 Employment Rate x
T1.3 Employment A1.3.1 Creative industry employment x
Complete list of indicatorsT1.3 Employment A1.3.2 Tourism industry employment x
T1.4 Trade – e-Commerce A1.4.1 e-commerce purchase ratio x
T1.4 Trade – e-Commerce A1.4.2 Electronic and mobile payment x
T1.4 Trade – Export/import A1.4.3 Knowledge-intensive export/import x
T1.5 Productivity C1.5.1 Labour productivity x
T1.5 Productivity A1.5.1 Companies providing online services x
T1.6 Physical infrastructure – Water Supply C1.6.1 Availability of smart water meters x
T1.6 Physical infrastructure – Water Supply A1.6.1 Water supply loss x
T1.6 Physical infrastructure – Water Supply A1.6.2 Water supply ICT monitoring x
T1.6 Physical infrastructure – Electricity C1.6.2 Availability of smart electricity meters x
T1.6 Physical infrastructure – Electricity C 1.6.3 Electricity system outage frequency x
T1.6 Physical infrastructure – Electricity C 1.6.4 Electricity system outage time x
T1.6 Physical infrastructure – Electricity A 1.6.3 Electricity supply management using ICT x
T1.6 Physical infrastructure – Health infrastructure A1.6.4 Sporting facilities x
Complete list of indicatorsT1.6 Physical infrastructure – transport C1.6.5 Public transport network x
T1.6 Physical infrastructure – transport C1.6.6 Road traffic efficiency x
T1.6 Physical infrastructure – transport C1.6.7 Real-time public transport information x
T1.6 Physical Infrastructure – transport A1.6.5 Share of EVs x
T1.6 Physical infrastructure – road infrastructure A1.6.6 Traffic monitoring x
T1.6 Physical infrastructure – transport A 1.6.7 Pedestrian infrastructure x
T1.6 Physical infrastructure – building A1.6.8 Public building sustainability x
T1.6 Physical infrastructure – urban planning and public space
A1.6.9 Urban development and spatial planning x
T1.7 Public Sector A1.7.1 Open data x
T1.7 Public Sector A1.7.2 e- Public Services adoption x
T2.1 Air quality C2.1.1 Air pollution x
T2.1 Air quality A2.1.1 Air pollution monitoring system x
T2.1 Air quality C2.1.2 GHG emissions x
T2.2 Water and Sanitation C2.2.1 Quality of drinking water x
Complete list of indicatorsT2.2 Water and Sanitation A2.2.1 Water saving in households x
T2.2 Water and Sanitation C2.2.2 Access to improved water source x
T2.2 Water and Sanitation C2.2.3 Water consumption x
T2.2 Water and Sanitation A2.2.2 Drainage system management x
T2.2 Water and Sanitation A2.2.3 ICT Drainage system monitoring x
T2.2 Water and Sanitation C2.2.4 Wastewater treated x
T2.2 Water and Sanitation C2.2.5 Wastewater collection x
T2.2 Water and Sanitation C2.2.6 Household sanitation x
T2.3 Noise C2.3.1 Exposure to noise x
T2.3 Noise A2.3.1 ICT Noise monitoring x
T2.4 Environmental quality C2.4.1 Compliance with WHO endorsed exposure guidelines
x
T2.4 Environmental quality C2.4.2 Adoption of a consistent planning approval process with respect to EMF
x
T2.4 Environmental quality C2.4.3 Availability of EMF information x
Complete list of indicatorsT2.4 Environmental quality C2.4.4 Solid waste collection x
T2.4 Environmental quality C2.4.5 Solid waste treatment x
T2.4 Environmental quality C2.4.6 Green areas and public spaces x
T2.4 Environmental quality A2.4.1 Recycling of solid waste x
T2.5 Biodiversity C2.5.1 Native species monitoring x
T2.5 Biodiversity A2.5.1 Protected natural area x
T2.6 Energy C2.6.1 Access to electricity x
T2.6 Energy C2.6.2 Renewable energy consumption x
T2.6 Energy C2.6.3 Electricity consumption x
T2.6 Energy A2.6.1 Energy saving in households x
T2.6 Energy A2.6.2. Public buildings energy consumption x
T3.1 Education C3.1.1 Students ICT access x
T3.1 Education C3.1.2 Adult literacy x
T3.1 Education C3.1.3 School enrollment x
Complete list of indicatorsT3.1 Education C3.1.4 Higher education ratio x
T3.1 Education A3.1.1 e-learning systems. x
T3.2 Health C3.2.1 Electronic health records x
T3.2 Health C3.2.2 Sharing of medical resources x
T3.2 Health C3.2.3 Life expectancy x
T3.2 Health C3.2.4 Maternal mortality x
T3.2 Health C3.2.5 Doctors x
T3.2 Health A3.2.1 Adoption of telemedicine x
T3.2 Health A 3.2.1 In-patient hospital beds x
T3.2 Health A3.2.3 Health insurance x
T3.3 Safety – Disaster relief C3.3.1 Resilience plans x
T3.2 Safety – Disaster relief A 3.3.1 Natural disaster-related deaths x
T3.3 Safety – Disaster relief A3.3.2 Disaster-related economic losses x
T3.3 Safety – Disaster relief A3.3.3 Disaster and emergency alert x
Complete list of indicatorsT3.3 Safety – Emergency C3.3.2 Emergency Service Response Times x
T3.3 Safety – ICT A3.3.4 Child Online Protection (COP) x
T3.3 Safety – ICT C3.3.3 Information security and privacy protection
x
T3.4 Housing C3.4.1 Housing expenditure x
T3.4 Housing C3.4.2 Informal settlements x
T3.5 Culture C3.5.1 Connected libraries x
T3.5 Culture C3.5.2 Cultural infrastructure x
T3.5 Culture C3.5.3 Cultural resources online x
T3.5 Culture A3.5.1 Protected cultural heritage sites x
T3.6 Social inclusion C3.6.1 Public participation x
T3.6 Social inclusion C3.6.2 Gender income equity x
T3.6 Social inclusion C3.6.3 Opportunities for people with special needs
x
T3.6 Social inclusion A3.6.1 Gini coefficient x
Sources other than from ITU used for this presentation
• Luis Bettencourt, Geoffrey West: “A unified theory of urban living”, Nature, Vol 467, 21 Oct 2010
• “A physicist solves the city”, New York Times, 17 December 2010
• “The laws of the city”, The Economist, 23 June 2012
• “Scientific proof that cities are like nothing else in nature”, Emily Badger, June 20, 2013
For math aficionados:
• Luis Bettencourt, “The origins of scaling in cities”, Science, Vol 340, 21 June 2013
• Youn, Bettencourt, Lobo, Strumsky, Samaniego, West: “Scaling and universality in urban economic diversification”, The Royal Society, 2016 (J.R.Soc. Interface 13: 20150937)
