Wireless Power

The WPC Qi standard

and

bqTESLATM Solutions

1

Brought to you by

TI BMS Deep Dive

• 3 Days of Technical In-Depth training on Battery Management topics

– Technology

– Gauging

– Charging

– Wireless Power

– Solar / Energy Harvesting

– Demos

• November 7th – 9th

– Start at noon on Nov 7th

– End at noon on Nov 9th

• Crowne Plaza Hotel in

Dallas Texas

Dates: November 7, 8 and 9 Location: Crowne Plaza Hotel, Park Central, Dallas TX

TECHNOLOGY GAUGING CHARGING

Technology Overview -

Battery Fundamentals

Gauging algorithm

comparisons - CEDV, Z-

track various generations

Low Power Charging

Applications

Wireless Power- bqTesla -

intro/overview

Selecting the right gas

gauge for 1s and 2s

applications

Medium / High Power

Charging Applications

Energy Harvesting

Applications and Solutions

How to set up and

program your fuel gauge

PCB layout and thermal

management for chargers

Solar charging problems

and solutions overview

(solar panel

characteristics deep dive)

How to troubleshoot your

fuel gauge: lessons

learned

Others being added…

SuperCap Applications

bq33100, bq24620

Lossless Current Sensing

- tradeoffs in internal

RSNS methods

Monitoring and Balancing

for HEV and large battery

applications

Cell Balancing Methods-

Deep Dive

System Prototyping Tools:

MAVRK

PCB layout for fuel

gauges

Lead Acid State-of-Health

Monitoring

2

Wireless power technologies

Conductive Charging

(Wildcharge, Duracell)

RF Wireless Power (Powercast)

Toothbrush, Witricity

Palm, Powermat

TI, Philips, Fulton,

Convenient Power,

Sanyo and more

Wireless Power Consortium

3

Wireless Power Consortium (WPC)

Proprietary Solutions Interoperability key to adoption

Industry wide standard for delivering wireless power up to 5W

Aimed to enable interoperability between various charging pads and portable devices

Standard continues to gain traction with increasing list of members (80+)

Compatible devices will be marked with a Qi logo

Broad Industry Support WPC

4

and more…

Market TAM Forecast Standardization / Interoperability will drive growth

5

Aug 17, 2011: IMS Research, a technology consultancy,

released a report on Monday saying by their calculations, the

industry will explode within the coming five years. While only

worth roughly $100 million in 2010, IMS expects the 2016

value to be around $4.5 billion. That’s an annual growth

rate of about 86.5 percent.

Qi Devices Announced in the Market

LG Charging Pad

Sengfei’s Phone & Charging Pad

6

WPC Specification Update

• Latest specification released is 1.0.2

– New manufacturers for shielding material

– Modifications to the timing intervals in Ping

– Guidelines for mechanical design of base station

– Test requirements and guidelines

• FOD being discussed for implementation currently

– Expected to close by WPC #21

– TI is expected to be first IC to the market with FOD implementation

– TX has PMOD implementation currently

7

Inductive Power System Overview

• Power transmitted through shared magnetic field – Transmit coil creates magnetic field

– Receive coil in proximity converts field into voltage

– Shielding material on each side directs field

• Power transferred only when needed – Transmitter waits until its field has been perturbed

– Transmitter sends seek energy and waits for a digital response

– If response is valid, power transfer begins

• Power transferred only at level needed – Receiver constantly monitors power received and delivered

– Transmitter adjusts power sent based on receiver feedback

– If feedback is lost, power transfer stops

I

z < D

D

8

AC to DC Voltage

Conditioning

Communication

and Control

Rectification Drivers Li Ion

Battery

Controller V/I

Sense

Power

Transmitter Receiver

Communication

5V

System Efficiency Dependencies Good Efficiency when coils less than one diameter apart

• Coupling between coils – Distance (z) between coils

– Ratio of diameters (D2 / D) of the two coils

– Physical orientation

• Quality factor – Ratio of inductance to resistance

– Geometric mean of two Q factors

• Uncoupled field has no losses

• Near field allows TX to “see” RX

40% at 1 diameter

1% at 2.5 diameter

0.1% at 4 diameters

0.01% at 6 diameters

Optimal operating distance

Efficiency is Optimal when Coils are Less than One Diameter apart

Higher

efficiency

Lower

efficiency

9

Communication - Basics • Primary side controller must detect that an object is placed on the charging pad.

– When a load is placed on the pad, the primary coil effective impedance changes.

– “Analog ping” occurs to detect the device.

• After an object is detected, must validate that it is WPC-compatible receiver device.

– “Digital Ping” – transmitter sends a longer packet which powers up the RX side controller.

– RX side controller responds with signal strength indicator packet.

– TX controller will send multiple digital pings corresponding to each possible primary coil to identify best positioning of the RX device.

• After object is detected and validated, Power Transfer phase begins.

– RX will send Control Error Packets to increase or decrease power level

• WPC Compliant protocol ensures interoperability.

VOUT, IOUT

Load current is sensed on primary side

– demodulated to get signaling data.

Control processor on RX side will

apply load pulses for signaling

back to TX.

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Switching Frequency Variation

• System operates near

resonance for improved

efficiency.

• Power control by changing

the frequency, moving along

the resonance curve.

• Modulation using the power

transfer coils establishes the

communications.

• Feedback is transferred to

the primary as error.

12

80 KHz 100 KHz 120 KHz

Operating Point

Free Positioning

(Moving Coil)

WPC version 1.0 TX design freedom

20 October 2011

Free Positioning (Coil Array)

Guided Positioning (Magnetic Attraction)

M

x

y

• Tactical feedback or free positioning

• Alignment or selection of coils

• Activation after detection

Free Positioning (Coil Array)

A

13

bqTESLA Wireless Solutions Gen1 & Gen2

AC to DC Voltage

Conditioning

Controller

Rectification Drivers Load

Controller V/I

Sense

Power

Transmitter Receiver

Communication

RX Solutions • bq51013 (Gen2)

• bq51011 (Gen2)

• bq25046 (Gen1)

• MSP430bq1010 (Gen1)

TX Solutions • bq500210 (Gen2)

• bq500211 (Gen2)

• bq500110 (Gen1)

14

Gen 1* and Gen 2 WPC System Efficiency

*Gen 1 Rx system built using discrete rectification, LDO for voltage conditioning and Micro for communication control.

Gen Rx integrated all three functions into a single IC

15

bqTeslaTM - Gen 1 and Gen 2 System Efficiency with 5-V Receiver

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

Output Power (W)

Effi

cien

cy (

%)

Gen 2 - BQ51013

Gen 1

16

bqTESLA EVMs bqTESLA Evaluation Modules

bq51013EVM-725

New

Qi-compliant coil used w/ EVM kit

40-mm x 30-mm x 0.75-mm

WPC Compliant Receiver Coil

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WPC Compliant Transmitter Coil

bq51013 “form factor” demo PCB (PR1041)

5 x 15 mm footprint for all RX side circuitry

• Represents what an OEM would design into their actual end-product to

enable wireless power from a QI-compliant charging pad.

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Receiver Product Roadmap Low Power

Gen1 (bq25046,

MSP430BQ1010) • Eval kit released

• Meets accessory

implementations

Samples

Released

Power Supply Series

Discrete 1st Level of Integration

Z: 1.5mm

BOM Count: 20

16mm

22mm

Z: 1.68mm

BOM Count: 52 5mm

15mm

Direct Charger Series

INTEGRATION

AP

PL

ICA

TIO

N S

ER

IES

Gen2 (bq51k) • Only IC required between

RX coil and output voltage

• 5V Power Supply released

April-2011

• Direct charger released in

Q3-2011

WirelessFEnd

Future

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bq5101x Receiver Product Schedule

Device Vo-Reg Application Function Availability

PG 2.0 SILICON

bq51013

(Gen 2) 5 V

General Power Supply (Power Level = 2-5W)

Power Supply Released

bq51011

(Gen 2) 5 V

Current Limited Power Supply (Power

Level = 2-5W) Power Supply Released

bq51050

(Gen 2) 4.2V Integrated Li-Ion Battery Charger Charger Sampling

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bq51013 Gen2 Wireless Power Receiver (RX) – WPC Compliant

• Integrated Wireless Power Receiver Solution with a

5V Regulated Supply

- 93% Overall Peak AC-DC Efficiency

- Full Synchronous Rectifier

- WPC v1.0 Compliant Communication Control

- Output Voltage Conditioning

- Only IC Required Between RX coil and 5V DC Output

Voltage

• Internal Dynamic Rectifier Control for Improved

Load Transient Response

• Supports 20V Max Input

• Low-power Dissipative Rectifier Overvoltage

Clamp (VOVP = 15V)

• Thermal Shutdown

• Single NTC/Control

• 1.9 x 3mm WCSP or 4.5 x 3.5mm QFN (bq51013A)

Package

bq51013EVM

Targeted for low-power (<5W) end equipment:

Cell phones - Digital cameras - Portable media

players - Remote/gaming controllers - Bluetooth,

Headsets - Other portable devices

• Integration reduces total system solution board space and cost

- Provides more power to end equipment and reduces heat dissipation

- Integration into single devices simplifies design and reduces board space

- Allows RX to have interoperability with WPC compliant TX solutions

- Output regulation provides quiet output voltage ready for load

- Simplifies design and reduces board space and cost.

• Consistent power delivered to system load to reduced power sags

• Provides broad range of applications and coils

• Protects the IC from voltages beyond the maximum rating of the IC

• Prevents potential damage device and lowers power dissipation

• Optimal Safety and reduces I/O required to Host

• Saves board space and offers alternate packaging for manufacturing

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SYSTEM

USB or

AC Adapter

Input

VBUS

PMID

SCL

SDA

INT

HOST

VAUX

SW

BOOT

PGND

CSIN

CSOUT

AUXPWR

DRV

bq24180

DC

O

USB PHY

D+

D- PSEL

CLMP

PM

ID

TS

bq51010

PGND

OUT

EN1

AD

/AD-EN

/CHG

C4

EN2

C1

C2

CBOOT1

CBOOT2

AC1

AC2

COMM1

ILIM

R1

COMM2

CCOMM1

CCOMM2

COIL

BOOT1RECT

C3

R2

VTSB

TS/CTRL

R4

D1

BOOT2

NTC R3

PACK+

PACK-

C5

Status

bq51013 – General 5V Power Supply

• Integrates synchronous rectification, voltage conditioning, communication control

• bq51013 acts as a Power Supply to deliver 5V to the VIN pin of the system charger

• bq51013 automatically selects between AC adapter/USB and wireless input power sources

• Provides adjustable current limit protection and coil overvoltage protection

• Host interface can enable OTG mode via EN1 = ‘1’ or charge termination

with EN1 = EN2 = ‘1’

Adapter Detection

Adapter Enable

30V rating

Receiver Coil

Host Control

of Adapter pin

functionality

Host Control

of End Power/ Fault

5V regulation @ 5W

TS Pin for Vhot and Vcold protection.

Can be used to signal termination or a

fault (CTRL)

Power supply current

limit programmable via

an external resistor.

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Typical Application Circuit

23

bqTESLA Transmitter (TX) Roadmap

Gen 1 - bq500110 • WPC Compliant Solution

• Analog demodulation

• Half-Bridge Monolithic Power Train

• One controller per bay

• Guided Positioning (Type A1)

Development

Samples

PE

RF

OR

MA

NC

E

Gen 2 Family (bq500xxx) • Digital Demodulation

• 5V Input – bq500211 in Oct11

• Free Positioning (Coil Array) –1Q12

• Single TX w/ multi coil

Future

Dec’10 2011 2012

50% reduction in form factor

BOM Count: 71

~1200mm2 (30 x 40mm)

BOM Count: 160

~2600mm2 (50 x 52mm)

Released!

Gen 2 - bq500210 • WPC Compliant Solution

• Digital Demodulation

• Full-Bridge Monolithic Power Train

• One controller per bay

• Guided Positioning (Type A1)

Released!

bq500xxx Transmitter Schedule

Device VIN Application Function Projected

Release

Single Bay

bq500110

(Gen 1) 19V

Single Bay – 5W

QFN-48 Transmitter Production

bq500210

(Gen 2) 19 V

Single Bay – 5W

QFN-48

Transmitter w/

Digital Demod Production

bq500211

(Gen 2) 5 V

Single Bay – 5W

QFN-48

Transmitter w/

Digital Demod

Samples – Now

Prod – Oct11

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GEN1: TX System Diagram GEN2: TX System Diagram

• bq500210 Based Designs… – Converts Analog Demod circuit to

Digital Demod circuit • Significant reduction in BOM and Area

– Simplifies Current Sense circuit – no

Current Sense Transformer • Reduces BOM cost and Area

– Simplifies Regulator circuit for Drivers • Reduces cost

– Uses Lower Cost Power FETs

– Uses Lower Cost INA amplifier

– PMOD performance offers improved

Linearity and Sensitivity

– Optional configuration • Use lowest cost MSP430 & TLV70033

to implement “Standby Mode” for

Energy Star

TPS28225

MOSFET DRIVER

bq500xxx

Wireless

Power

Controller

TPS54231 Buck

Regulator

Serial COM

3x OPA4348

74LVC1G3157

Active FILTER

TPS715A01

Linear Regulator

PWM

CSD17308 NexFET

CSD17308 NexFET

INA214 Current

Sense

19Vin

5.5VDC3.3VDC

NTC

Tank/Coil

Assembly

X X

X

25

GEN2 – Digital Communication Demodulation

Gen 1 Gen 2

Gen 2 demodulation removes the current sense transformer and analog

filters and comparators.

26

bq500210 Application Schematic

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bq500210

bq500210: Gen 2 Wireless Power Transmitter Controller - WPC Compliant, 1-Bay

bq500210 EVM-689 EVM/Tool

• Transmitter Pad for Contactless Charging with

WPC Specification 1.0 Compliance

• Targeted for low-power (<5W) end equipments:

cell phones, digital cameras, portable media

players, remote/gaming controllers, Bluetooth

headsets and other portable devices

• Single-Bay Wireless Power Transfer Controller compliant to

WPC 1.02 specifications

• Provides simple, cost effective, low BOM count design

implementation

• Digital Demodulation reduces system BOM and simplifies

solution over the bq500110

• Reduces external circuitry used in analog

implementations

• Demodulates and Decodes WPC Complaint Receiver Message

Packets over same Wireless Link that transfers electrical power

• Provides closed loop power control system for various

application solutions

• PID closed-loop power transfer control via frequency

modulation (110kHz-200kHz)

• Delivers comprehensive system-level power transfer

management

• Real time efficiency analyzer • Maximizes power transfer efficiency – reduces loss & protection

• Improved Parasitic Metal Object Detection (PMOD) from

bq500110

• Provides protection from power transfer to metal objects,

overheating, and power loss

• Overload and Over-Temperature protection • Safe and reliable operation

• 14 programmed LED indication schemes - Controller standby - Power Transfer

- Charge complete - PMOD Warning & Stop

- System Fault States

• Visual operational status and diagnostics

• 7 x 7mm 48 pin QFN Package (Pb Free, RoHS Compliant) • Provides small size and ease of manufacturing solution

28

LOW POWER OPTION with MSP430-G2001 ~IQ = 15.0mA ~PQ = 300mW

~IQ_MSP430_LED = 4.7mA ~PQ_MSP430_LED = 90mW

~IQ_MSP430 = 3.0mA ~PQ_MSP430 = 60mW

Gen1 and Gen2 EVM Comparison

Gen 1 EVM Gen 2 EVM bq500110

bq500210

Buzzer 3.3V SWIFT

Regulator

CT

3.3V SWIFT

Regulator

Power Train Power Train MSP430 Analog

Demodulation

BOM Count: 71 ~1200mm2 (30 x 40mm)

BOM Count: 160

~2600mm2 (50 x 52mm)

• Replaced INA214 to INA199A2 (Shunt monitor)

– Drop-in replacement

– Retains high-side sensing

• Replaced CSD17308 to CSD17313 (Power MOSFET): – Smaller and fully released - samples available

• Added TLV70033 (low power LDO) to remove power to bq500210 in standby mode – Reduces Iq to <5mA (w/ LED), or <4mA (no LED)

29

TI Wireless Power Forum

& Wireless Power Web Page

• TI E2E Community-Wireless Power http://e2e.ti.com/support/power_management/wireless_power/default.aspx

• External Forum—available for

entire engineering community

• Ground Rules

– Keep the questions technical in nature,

good question your peers can benefit

from at a later date.

– One question per-post to make it

easer to search.

– Place P/N in Topic with description

of question again to make it easier to search.

– Do not ask pricing or deliver questions

• TI Wireless Power Web Page http://www.ti.com/wirelesspower

30

Magnetic Suppliers and Part Numbers

Partners for RX Coils

– Toko: Chris Seiberlich (cseiberlich@tokoam.com)

– TDK: Keith Itagaki (kitagaki@jp.tdk.com)

– Vishay: Tim Shafer (tim.shafer@vishay.com)

– Mingstar: Alan Liaw (allenliaw@mingstar.com.tw)

Partners for TX Coils

– Elytone (ECO00260A): Annie Jya (annie@elytone.com.tw)

– Toko X1387: Chris Seiberlich (cseiberlich@tokoam.com)

– TDK: Keith Itagaki (kitagaki@jp.tdk.com)

– E&E: Darren Simmons (dsimmons@eemplusa.com)

– Vishay: Tim Shafer (tim.shafer@vishay.com)

– Mingstar: Alen Liaw (alenliaw@mingstar.com.tw)

– Kolektor-Magma Milivoj Sečan (milivoj.secan@kolektor.com)

– TopFlux: Cho Hong Min (hmcho@topflux.kr)

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For technical specs & tutorials: http://www.wirelesspowerconsortium.com

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Thank You!