the world’s bestselling autocad mastering autocad resource ...€¦ · george omura is a licensed...

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SERIOUS SKILLS. AutoCAD ® 2009 and AutoCAD LT ® 2009 MASTERING George Omura Expert Advice from Award- Winning Author—Over a Half-Million Copies in Print Master the Latest AutoCAD 2009 Features and Improve Your Productivity Mastering AutoCAD is an excellent resource for learning and getting up to speed quickly on all things AutoCAD.” —Doug Cochran, AutoCAD Senior Product Manager

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Page 1: The World’s Bestselling AutoCAD Mastering AutoCAD Resource ...€¦ · George Omura is a licensed architect, Autodesk Authorized Author, and CAD specialist with more than 20 years

SERIOUS SKILLS.

AutoCAD® 2009 and AutoCAD LT® 2009

MASTERINGGeorge Omura

Expert Advice from Award-Winning Author—Over a Half-Million Copies in Print

Master the Latest AutoCAD 2009 Features and Improve Your Productivity

MASTERING

AutoC

AD

® 2009 andA

utoCA

D LT

® 2009Omura

The World’s Bestselling AutoCAD Resource Fully Updated for 2009There’s a reason why Mastering AutoCAD is so popular year after year. Loaded with concise explanations, step-by-step instructions, and hands-on projects, this comprehensive reference and tutorial from award-winning author George Omura has everything you need to become an AutoCAD expert.

If you’re new to AutoCAD, the tutorials will help you build your skills right away. If you’re an AutoCAD veteran, Omura’s in-depth explanations of the latest features, including the new Ribbon interface and new Action Recorder, will turn you into an AutoCAD pro. Whatever your experience level and however you use AutoCAD, you’ll refer to this indispensable reference again and again.

COVERAGE INCLUDES:

• Creating and developing AutoCAD drawings• Drawing curves and applying solid fi lls• Effectively using hatches, fi elds, and tables• Manipulating dynamic blocks and attributes• Linking drawings to databases and spreadsheets• Rendering realistic interior views with natural lighting• Giving a hand-drawn look to 3D views• Presenting 3D models with cutaway and x-ray views• Making spiral forms with the Helix and Sweep tools• Finding open drawings fast with the new Quick View Drawings tool• Browsing recent fi les and toolbar selections using the new Menu Browser• Converting multiple layer settings and other layer translator options

Explore the New Ribbon Interface

Automate Repetitive Tasks with the Action Recorder

Organize Drawing Information with Layers

Annotate, Secure, and Authenticate Files

Track Your Projects with the Sheet Set Manager

Publish Drawings over the Internet and eTransmit Your Files

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

George Omura is a licensed architect and Autodesk Authorized Author who has more than 30 years of experience in architecture and has been using AutoCAD for more than 20 years. He has worked on design projects ranging from resort hotels to metropolitan transit systems to the San Francisco Library project. He is the all-time bestselling AutoCAD author and was cited as favorite CAD author by members of the Autodesk User Group International (AUGI) in AUGIWorld magazine’s “Best of Everything CAD” issue.

www.sybex.comwww.sybex.com/go/masteringautocad2009

ISBN 978-0-470-28704-0

CATEGORY

COMPUTERS/CAD-CAM$49.99 US

$54.99 CAN

Mastering AutoCAD is an excellent resource for learning and getting up to speed quickly on all things AutoCAD.” —Doug Cochran, AutoCAD Senior Product Manager

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Mastering AutoCAD® 2009 and AutoCAD LT® 2009

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Page 5: The World’s Bestselling AutoCAD Mastering AutoCAD Resource ...€¦ · George Omura is a licensed architect, Autodesk Authorized Author, and CAD specialist with more than 20 years

Wiley Publishing, Inc.

Mastering AutoCAD® 2009 and AutoCAD LT® 2009

George Omura

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Acquisitions Editor: Willem Knibbe Development Editor: Gary Schwartz

Technical Editor: Paul Richardson

Production Editor: Eric Charbonneau

Copy Editor: Judy Flynn

Production Manager: Tim Tate

Vice President and Executive Group Publisher: Richard Swadley

Vice President and Executive Publisher: Joseph B. Wikert

Vice President and Publisher: Neil Edde

Book Designers: Maureen Forys and Judy Fung

Compositors: Chris Gillespie and Craig Johnson, Happenstance Type-O-Rama

Proofreader: Jen Larsen, Word One

Indexer: Ted Laux

Cover Designer: Ryan Sneed

Cover Image: © Pete Gardner / Digital Vision / Getty Images

Copyright © 2008 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana

Published simultaneously in Canada

ISBN: 978-0-470-28704-0

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechan-ical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copy-right Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Legal Department, Wiley Publishing, Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46256, (317) 572-3447, fax (317) 572-4355, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.

Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accu-racy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales or promotional materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for every situation. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional services. If professional assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. The fact that an organization or Website is re-ferred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Website may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that Internet Websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read.

For general information on our other products and services or to obtain technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at (800) 762-2974, outside the U.S. at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002.

Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Omura, George Mastering AutoCAD 2009 and AutoCAD LT 2009 / George Omura. — 1st ed. p. cm. ISBN 978-0-470-28704-0 (paper/website) 1. Computer graphics. 2. AutoCAD. 3. Computer-aided design. I. Title. T385.O48275 2008 620’.00420285536—dc22 2008022856

TRADEMARKS: Wiley, the Wiley logo, and the Sybex logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates, in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. Autodesk, AutoCAD, and AutoCAD LT are registered trademarks of Autodesk, Inc. Copyright 2008. All rights reserved. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Wiley Publishing, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

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Dear Reader,Thank you for choosing Mastering AutoCAD 2009 and AutoCAD LT 2009. This book is part of a family of premium quality Sybex books, all written by outstanding authors who combine practi-cal experience with a gift for teaching.

Sybex was founded in 1976. More than thirty years later, we’re still committed to producing consistently exceptional books. With each of our titles we’re working hard to set a new standard for the industry. From the paper we print on, to the authors we work with, our goal is to bring you the best books available.

I hope you see all that reflected in these pages. I’d be very interested to hear your comments and get your feedback on how we’re doing. Feel free to let me know what you think about this or any other Sybex book by sending me an email at [email protected], or if you think you’ve found a technical error in this book, please visit http://sybex.custhelp.com. Customer feedback is critical to our efforts at Sybex.

Best regards,

Neil EddeVice President and PublisherSybex, an Imprint of Wiley

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To my dear friends Rick and Kathey Brown, who are true survivors.

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AcknowledgmentsMany talented and hardworking folks gave their best effort to produce Mastering AutoCAD 2009 and AutoCAD LT 2009. I offer my sincerest gratitude to those people who helped bring this book to you.

Heartfelt thanks go to the editorial and production teams at Sybex for their efforts. Willem Knibbe, as always, made sure things got off to a great start and was always there for support. Pete Gaughan kept a watchful eye on the progress of the book. Paul Richardson did an excel-lent job of ensuring that I didn’t make any glaring mistakes and offered suggestions based on his own training experience. Gary Schwartz kept things running smoothly and always had a positive attitude. On the production side, Eric Charbonneau kept the work flow going and Judy Flynn made sure I wasn’t trying out new uses of the English language.

At Autodesk, special thanks go to Doug Cochran for taking the time from his busy schedule to write the Foreword. Thanks for the kind words, Doug. Thanks also go to Denis Cadu, who has always given his steadfast support of my efforts over many projects. Jim Quanci always gives his generous and thoughtful assistance to us author types—I’d be lost without your help, Jim. Finally, as always, a big thanks to Shaan Hurley for generously allowing us to have a look at the pre-release software.

And a great big thank you to my family and friends, who have always been a source of inspi-ration and understanding.

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About the AuthorGeorge Omura is a licensed architect, Autodesk Authorized Author, and CAD specialist with more than 20 years of experience in AutoCAD and over 30 years of experience in architecture. He has worked on design projects ranging from resort hotels to metropolitan transit systems to the San Francisco Library project. George has written numerous other AutoCAD books for Sybex, including Introducing AutoCAD 2009, Mastering AutoCAD 2008 and AutoCAD LT 2008, and Just Enough AutoCAD 2007.

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ForewordCongratulations!

Whether you are a new or expert user of AutoCAD, you have truly made a worthwhile invest-ment with Mastering AutoCAD. This book will be a valuable addition to your library that you will use on a regular basis as a reference and guide to using AutoCAD. With each release of AutoCAD and its new feature set, Mastering AutoCAD is an excellent resource for learning and getting up to speed quickly on all things AutoCAD.

Everything from the basics of AutoCAD, including 3D and programming, is covered in this book. The information is well organized, and a comprehensive index makes retrieving informa-tion that you need a cinch.

You’ll see real-world examples that will quickly help you understand and learn new concepts through the exercises. You’ll also learn new commands while actually working on a project as you progress toward a goal. This book is an excellent AutoCAD resource for beginners and advanced users alike.

Don’t be daunted by the book’s thickness. While the in-depth coverage is there when you need it, you can just pick out the tools you want to learn and proceed from there, or if you are interested in learning new features, you can pick a different topic each week to learn about.

I know our customers will benefit from reading it as I have.

Doug Cochran AutoCAD Senior Product Manager Autodesk, Inc.

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Contents at a Glance

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxix

Part 1 • The Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Chapter 1 • Exploring the AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Chapter 2 • Creating Your First Drawing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Chapter 3 • Setting Up and Using AutoCAD’s Drafting Tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Chapter 4 • Organizing Objects with Blocks and Groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Chapter 5 • Keeping Track of Layers and Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Part 2 • Mastering Intermediate Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Chapter 6 • Editing and Reusing Data to Work Efficiently . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

Chapter 7 • Mastering Viewing Tools, Hatches, and External References . . . . . . . . . 217

Chapter 8 • Introducing Printing, Plotting, and Layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

Chapter 9 • Understanding Plot Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

Chapter 10 • Adding Text to Drawings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319

Chapter 11 • Using Fields and Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353

Chapter 12 • Using Dimensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375

Part 3 • Mastering Advanced Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423

Chapter 13 • Using Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

Chapter 14 • Copying Existing Drawings into AutoCAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453

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Chapter 15 • Advanced Editing and Organizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467

Chapter 16 • Laying Out Your Printer Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509

Chapter 17 • Using Dynamic Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535

Chapter 18 • Drawing Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569

Chapter 19 • Getting and Exchanging Data from Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597

Part 4 • 3D Modeling and Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627

Chapter 20 • Creating 3D Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629

Chapter 21 • Using Advanced 3D Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667

Chapter 22 • Rendering 3D Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725

Chapter 23 • Editing and Visualizing 3D Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 789

Part 5 • Customization and Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 831

Chapter 24 • Using the Express Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 833

Chapter 25 • Exploring AutoLISP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859

Chapter 26 • Customizing Toolbars, Menus, Linetypes, and Hatch Patterns . . . . . . 883

Chapter 27 • Managing and Sharing Your Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 919

Chapter 28 • Keeping a Project Organized with Sheet Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 961

Appendices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1003

Appendix A • The Bottom Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1005

Appendix B • Installing and Setting Up AutoCAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1031

Appendix C • Hardware and Software Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1061

Appendix D • System Variables and Dimension Styles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1081

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1101

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Contents

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxix

Part 1 • The Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Chapter 1 • Exploring the AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Taking a Guided Tour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

The AutoCAD Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5The Menu Browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9The Ribbon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12The Toolbars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Working with AutoCAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Opening an Existing File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Getting a Closer Look . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Saving a File as You Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Making Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Working with Multiple Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Adding a Predrawn Symbol with the Tool Palette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

The Bottom Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Chapter 2 • Creating Your First Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29Getting to Know the Home Tab’s Draw and Modify Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Starting Your First Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Specifying Exact Distances with Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Specifying Polar Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Specifying Relative Cartesian Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Interpreting the Cursor Modes and Understanding Prompts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Understanding Cursor Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Choosing Command Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Selecting Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Selecting Objects in AutoCAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Using Noun/Verb Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Editing with Grips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Stretching Lines by Using Grips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Moving and Rotating with Grips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Using Dynamic Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Getting Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Using the InfoCenter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Using Context-Sensitive Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Finding Additional Sources of Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70Staying Informed with the Communication Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

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xIv | Contents

Displaying Data in a Text Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71Displaying the Properties of an Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72The Bottom Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Chapter 3 • Setting Up and Using AutoCAD’s Drafting Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75Setting Up a Work Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Specifying Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Fine-Tuning the Measurement System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Setting Up the Drawing Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80An Alternative to Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Understanding Scale Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Using Polar Tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Setting the Polar Tracking Angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Exploring the Drawing Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86Locating an Object in Reference to Others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Getting a Closer Look . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88Modifying an Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Planning and Laying Out a Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92Making a Preliminary Sketch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94Using the Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95Erasing the Layout Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100Putting On the Finishing Touches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103Aligning Objects by Using Object Snap Tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Using the AutoCAD Modes as Drafting Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111Using Grid Mode as a Background Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111Using the Snap Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

The Bottom Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Chapter 4 • Organizing Objects with Blocks and Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115Creating a Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Understanding the Block Definition Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118Inserting a Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Scaling and Rotating Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122Using an Existing Drawing as a Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Modifying a Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126Unblocking and Redefining a Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127Saving a Block as a Drawing File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128Replacing Existing Files with Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130Other Uses for Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Understanding the Annotation Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132Grouping Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Grouping Objects for LT Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136Modifying Members of a Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137Working with the Object Grouping Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140Working with the LT Group Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

The Bottom Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

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Chapter 5 • Keeping Track of Layers and Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145Organizing Information with Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Creating and Assigning Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147Working on Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155Controlling Layer Visibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158Finding the Layers You Want . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160Taming an Unwieldy List of Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161Assigning Linetypes to Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168Adding a Linetype to a Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169Controlling Lineweights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

Keeping Track of Blocks and Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173Getting a Text File List of Layers or Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

The Bottom Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

Part 2 • Mastering Intermediate Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Chapter 6 • Editing and Reusing Data to Work Efficiently . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179Creating and Using Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

Creating a Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180Using a Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

Copying an Object Multiple Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182Making Circular Copies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182Making Row and Column Copies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186Fine-Tuning Your View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189Finishing the Kitchenette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

Developing Your Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192Importing Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192Using Osnap Tracking to Place Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

Finding an Exact Distance along a Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211Changing the Length of Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213Creating a New Drawing by Using Parts from Another Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

Eliminating Unused Blocks, Layers, Linetypes, Shapes, Styles, and More . . . . . . . 214The Bottom Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

Chapter 7 • Mastering viewing Tools, Hatches, and External References . . . 217Assembling the Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217Taking Control of the AutoCAD Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

Understanding Regeneration and Redrawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221Understanding the Frozen Layer Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

Using Hatch Patterns in Your Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227Placing a Hatch Pattern in a Specific Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227Positioning Hatch Patterns Accurately . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229Updating a Block from an External File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234Changing the Hatch Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236Modifying a Hatch Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

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Understanding the Boundary Hatch Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240Using Additional Hatch Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241Using Gradient Shading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243Tips for Using Boundary Hatch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245Space Planning and Hatch Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

Using External References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249Attaching a Drawing as an External Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249Other Differences between External References and Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253Other External Reference Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254Clipping Xref Views and Improving Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256

Editing Xrefs in Place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258Adding and Removing Objects from Blocks and Xrefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260Understanding the Reference Edit Dialog Box Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

The Bottom Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264

Chapter 8 • Introducing Printing, Plotting, and Layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .265Plotting the Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265Understanding the Plotter Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

Paper Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269Drawing Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270Plot Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270Plot Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272Shaded Viewport Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275Plot Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276Plot Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

WYSIWYG Plotting Using Layout Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279Plot Scale in the Layout Viewports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

Adding an Output Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283Editing a Plotter Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286

Storing a Page Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288Plotter and Printer Hardware Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290

Understanding Your Plotter’s Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292Knowing Your Plotter’s Origins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

The Bottom Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

Chapter 9 • Understanding Plot Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295Choosing between Color-Dependent and Named Plot Style Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295Creating a Color Plot Style Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297Editing and Using Plot Style Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

Making Your Plot Styles Visible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301Making Changes to Multiple Plot Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302Setting Up Line Corner Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304Setting Up Screen Values for Solid Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306Controlling the Visibility of Overlapping Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306Other Options in the Plot Style Table Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307

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Assigning Named Plot Styles Directly to Layers and Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310Using Named Plot Style Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310Assigning Plot Styles to Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313Assigning Plot Style Tables to Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

The Bottom Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

Chapter 10 • Adding Text to Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319Preparing a Drawing for Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319

Organizing Text by Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320Getting Familiar with the Text and Annotation Scale Control Panels . . . . . . . . . . . 322

Setting the Annotation Scale and Adding Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323Exploring Text and Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

Understanding the Text Style Dialog Box Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

Exploring Text Formatting in AutoCAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328Adjusting the Text Height and Font . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328Understanding the Text Formatting Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330Adding Symbols and Special Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332Setting Indents and Tabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334

What Do the Fonts Look Like? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338Adding Simple Single-Line Text Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340

Justifying Single-Line Text Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341Using Special Characters with Single-Line Text Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344

Using the Check Spelling Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344Choosing a Dictionary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346

Substituting Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347Finding and Replacing Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348The Bottom Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350

Chapter 11 • Using Fields and Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .353Using Fields to Associate Text with Drawing Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353Adding Tables to Your Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357

Creating a Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357Adding Cell Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358Adjusting Table Text Orientation and Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360

Editing the Table Line Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363Adding Formulas to Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365

Using Formulas Directly in Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366Using Other Math Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367

Importing and Exporting Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367Exporting Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

Creating Table Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370The Table Style Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

The Bottom Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372

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Chapter 12 • Using Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .375Understanding the Components of a Dimension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375Creating a Dimension Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377

Setting Up the Primary Unit Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379Setting the Height for Dimension Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380Setting the Location and Orientation of Dimension Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381Choosing an Arrow Style and Setting the Dimension Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382Setting Up Alternate Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385Setting the Current Dimension Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386Modifying a Dimension Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387

Drawing Linear Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388Understanding the Dimensions Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388Placing Horizontal and Vertical Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389Continuing a Dimension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390Drawing Dimensions from a Common Base Extension Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392Adjusting the Distance between Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394

Editing Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394Appending Data to Dimension Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395Using Grips to Make Minor Adjustments to Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397Changing Style Settings of Individual Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398Editing Dimensions and Other Objects Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400Associating Dimensions with Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402Adding a String of Dimensions with a Single Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403Adding or Removing the Alternate Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404

Dimensioning Non-orthogonal Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405Dimensioning Non-orthogonal Linear Distances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405Dimensioning Radii, Diameters, and Arcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407Skewing Dimension Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410

Adding a Note with a Leader Arrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411Creating Multileader Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413Editing Multileader Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415Breaking a Dimension Line for a Leader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

Applying Ordinate Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416Adding Tolerance Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417

Adding Inspection Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419The Bottom Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420

Part 3 • Mastering Advanced Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423

Chapter 13 • Using Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .425Creating Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426

Adding Attributes to Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427Copying and Editing Attribute Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429Turning the Attribute Definitions into a Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432Inserting Blocks Containing Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433

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Editing Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436Editing Attribute Values One at a Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436Editing Attribute Text Formats and Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437Making Global Changes to Attribute Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438Making Invisible Attributes Visible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440Making Global Format and Property Changes to Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441Redefining Blocks Containing Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443

Extracting and Exporting Attribute Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444Performing the Extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445Extracting Attribute Data to an AutoCAD Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449

The Bottom Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451

Chapter 14 • Copying Existing Drawings into AutoCAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453Methods for Converting Paper Drawings to AutoCAD Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453Importing a Raster Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454Working with a Raster Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457

Scaling a Raster Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457Controlling Object Visibility and Overlap with Raster Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458Clipping a Raster Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460Adjusting Brightness, Contrast, and Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462Turning Off the Frame, Adjusting Overall Quality,

and Controlling Transparency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462The Bottom Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465

Chapter 15 • Advanced Editing and Organizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .467Using External References (Xrefs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467

Preparing Existing Drawings for Cross-Referencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468Assembling Xrefs to Build a Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470Importing Named Elements from Xrefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476Controlling the Xref Search Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478

Managing Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479Saving and Recalling Layer Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479Other Tools for Managing Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482

Using Advanced Tools: Filter, Quick Select, and QuickCalc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485Filtering Selections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485Using Quick Select . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488

Using the QuickCalc Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490Adding Foot and Inch Lengths and Finding the Sum of Angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492Using the Display Area and Units Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495Using QuickCalc to Find Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496Pasting to the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498Finding Fractional Distances between Two Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499Using QuickCalc While in the Middle of a Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502Storing Expressions and Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503Guidelines for Working with QuickCalc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505

The Bottom Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507

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Chapter 16 • Laying Out Your Printer Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .509Understanding Model Space and Paper Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509

Switching from Model Space to Paper Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511Setting the Size of a Paper Space Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512Creating New Paper Space Viewports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513Reaching inside Viewports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515

Working with Paper Space Viewports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517Scaling Views in Paper Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518Setting Layers in Individual Viewports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520Creating and Using Multiple Paper Space Layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523

Creating Odd-Shaped Viewports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525Understanding Lineweights, Linetypes, and Dimensions in Paper Space . . . . . . . . . . 527

Controlling and Viewing Lineweights in Paper Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527The Lineweight Settings Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529Linetype Scales and Paper Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530Dimensioning in Paper Space Layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530Other Uses for Paper Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534

The Bottom Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534

Chapter 17 • Using Dynamic Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .535Exploring the Block Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535

Editing a Block and Creating New Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537Creating a Dynamic Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538

Adding a Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539Adding an Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541Adding an Increment Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543Editing Parameters and Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544

Keeping an Object Centered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545Adding Scale and Stretch Actions to a Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546Adding More Than One Parameter for Multiple Grip Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550

Including a Mirror Capability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550Adding a Selectable List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552Including Block Information with Data Extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555

Creating Multiple Shapes in One Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559Rotating Objects in Unison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563Filling in a Space Automatically with Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566The Bottom Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568

Chapter 18 • Drawing Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .569Introducing Polylines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569

Drawing a Polyline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569Setting Polyline Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571

Editing Polylines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572Setting Pedit Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575Smoothing Polylines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576Editing Vertices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578

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Creating a Polyline Spline Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586Using True Spline Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 588

Drawing a True Spline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589Fine-Tuning Spline Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590

Marking Divisions on Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592Dividing Objects into Segments of Equal Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593Dividing Objects into Specified Lengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595

The Bottom Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596

Chapter 19 • Getting and Exchanging Data from Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .597Finding the Area of Closed Boundaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597

Finding the Area of an Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598Using Hatch Patterns to Find Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598Adding and Subtracting Areas with the Area Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601

Getting General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604Determining the Drawing’s Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604Keeping Track of Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606Getting Information from System Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606Keeping a Log of Your Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607Capturing and Saving Text Data from the AutoCAD Text Window . . . . . . . . . . . . 608Storing Searchable Information in AutoCAD Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609Searching for AutoCAD Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 610Recovering Corrupted Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611

Using the DXF File Format to Exchange CAD Data with Other Programs . . . . . . . . . 611Exporting DXF Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612Opening or Importing DXF Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613

Using AutoCAD Drawings in Page-Layout Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614Exporting Raster Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615Exporting Vector Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617

Using OLE to Import Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619Editing OLE Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621Importing Worksheets as AutoCAD Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621Understanding Options for Embedding Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623Using the Clipboard to Export AutoCAD Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624

The Bottom Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625

Part 4 • 3D Modeling and Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627

Chapter 20 • Creating 3D Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .629Getting to Know the 3D Modeling Workspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629Drawing in 3D Using Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631

Creating a 3D Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632Editing 3D Solids with Grips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634Constraining Motion with the Grip Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635Rotating Objects in 3D Using Dynamic UCS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636Drawing on a 3D Object’s Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638

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Pushing and Pulling Shapes from a Solid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639Making Changes to Your Solid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642

Creating 3D Forms from 2D Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643Extruding a Polyline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643

Isolating Coordinates with Point Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650Moving around Your Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651

Finding Isometric and Orthogonal Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 652Rotating Freely around Your Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653Changing Your View Direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654Changing Where You Are Looking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655Flying through Your View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656Changing from Perspective to Parallel Projection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657

Getting a Visual Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657Using Visual Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658Creating a Sketched Look with Visual Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659

Turning a 3D View into a 2D AutoCAD Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662The Bottom Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665

Chapter 21 • Using Advanced 3D Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .667Setting Up AutoCAD for This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667Mastering the User Coordinate System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668

Defining a UCS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669Saving a UCS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671Working in a UCS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 672Building 3D Parts in Separate Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673

Understanding the UCS Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675UCS Based on Object Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677UCS Based on Offset Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678UCS Rotated around an Axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679Orienting a UCS in the View Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681Saving a UCS with a View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 682

Using Viewports to Aid in 3D Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 682Creating Complex 3D Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686

Laying Out a 3D Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686Spherical and Cylindrical Coordinate Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 688Using a 3D Polyline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 690Creating a Curved 3D Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691Converting the Surface into a Solid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695Shaping the Solid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695Finding the Interference between Two Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697Creating Tubes with the Sweep Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700Using Sweep to Create Complex Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701

Creating Spiral Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704Creating Surface Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708

Slicing a Solid with a Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709Finding the Volume of a Cut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710

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Understanding the Loft Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712Moving Objects in 3D Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716

Aligning Objects in 3D Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716Moving an Object in 3D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717Rotating an Object in 3D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 718

Getting around in Your Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720The Bottom Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 722

Chapter 22 • Rendering 3D Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .725Creating a Quick-Study Rendering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725Simulating the Sun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 726

Setting Up the Sun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727Setting Polar North . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729Adding a Distant Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 730

Using Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733Adjusting the Global Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 734Creating a New Material and Changing Its Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 736Adding a Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739

Creating Effects Using Materials and Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742Adding a Self-Illuminated Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742Assigning Materials by Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 744Simulating a Night Scene with Spotlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745Adding a Point Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749Editing Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750

Applying and Adjusting Texture Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 753Creating a Building from a Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 753Adjusting a Material to Fit an Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755Other Material-Mapping Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 758Specifying the Size of a Bitmap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760Simulating Trees and People with Opacity Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 762

Understanding the Rendering Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765Checking and Saving Renderings in the Render Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767

Adding Cameras for Better View Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 768Making Adjustments to Your Camera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771Creating an Animated Walk-Through . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 774Fine-Tuning the Animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775

Printing Your Renderings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777Simulating Natural Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 779

Rendering Interior Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 780Using the Sun And Sky Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 782

The Bottom Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787

Chapter 23 • Editing and visualizing 3D Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .789Understanding Solid Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 789Creating Solid Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 792

Joining Primitives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 792

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Creating Complex Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 796Tapering an Extrusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 796Extruding on a Curved Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 798Revolving a Polyline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799

Editing Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801Splitting a Solid into Two Pieces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801Rounding Corners with the Fillet Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803Chamfering Corners with the Chamfer Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804Using the Solid Editing Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 806

Streamlining the 2D Drawing Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 816Drawing Standard Top, Front, and Right-Side Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 816Adding Dimensions and Notes in a Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819Using Visual Styles with a Viewport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 820

Visualizing Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 822The Bottom Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 830

Part 5 • Customization and Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 831

Chapter 24 • Using the Express Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .833Using Enhancements Straight from the Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 833

Opening the Express Toolbars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 834Tools for Editing Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 834Express Blocks Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 836Express Standard Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837Express Tools on the Menu Browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839Layout Express Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 848

Putting AutoLISP to Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 851Loading and Running an AutoLISP Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 851Managing Your AutoLISP and VBA Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 852Loading AutoLISP Programs Automatically . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853Creating Keyboard Macros with AutoLISP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 854

The Bottom Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 858

Chapter 25 • Exploring AutoLISP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .859Understanding the Interpreter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859

Defining Variables with Setq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 860Understanding Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 861

Using Arguments and Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 862Using Text Variables with AutoLISP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 863Storing Points as Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 865

Creating a Simple Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 865Dissecting the Rectangle Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 867

Selecting Objects with AutoLISP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 871The Ssget Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 871

Controlling the Flow of an AutoLISP Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873Using the If Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873

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Repeating an Expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 876Using Other Built-in Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 876

Data-Type Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 878Storing Your Programs as Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 879Getting More Help with AutoLISP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880The Bottom Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880

Chapter 26 • Customizing Toolbars, Menus, Linetypes, and Hatch Patterns 883Using Workspaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 883Customizing the User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 885

Taking a Quick Customization Tour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 885Understanding the Customizations in All CUI Files Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 888Getting the Overall View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 890Finding Commands in the Command List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 892Preview/Button Image/Shortcuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 892Getting to the Core of Customization in the Properties Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 892Creating Your Own Toolbars and Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893Customizing Ribbon Panel Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 894

Creating Macros in Tools and Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898Pausing for User Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899Opening an Expanded Text Box for the Macro Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899Editing Keyboard Shortcuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901Saving, Loading, and Unloading Your Customizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901Understanding the Diesel Macro Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903

Using Diesel at the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903Using Diesel in a Custom Menu Macro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 904Using Diesel as a Menu Option Label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 905Using Diesel and Fields to Generate Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 908

Creating Custom Linetypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909Viewing Available Linetypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909Creating a New Linetype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 910Understanding the Linetype Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911Creating Complex Linetypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 912

Creating Hatch Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 914The Bottom Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917

Chapter 27 • Managing and Sharing Your Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 919Sharing Drawings over the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 919

Sharing Project Files with eTransmit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 920Protecting AutoCAD Drawing Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 923

ePublishing Your Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 928Exchanging Drawing Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 928Other Publish Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 930Creating a DWF File by Using the Plot Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 932Adding Hyperlinks to Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 934

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Managing Your Drawings with DesignCenter and the Tool Palettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 938Getting Familiar with DesignCenter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 938Opening and Inserting Files with DesignCenter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 941Finding and Extracting the Contents of a Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 942Exchanging Data between Open Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 945Loading Specific Files into DesignCenter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 945Downloading Symbols from DesignCenter Online . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 946Customizing the Tool Palettes with DesignCenter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 946

Establishing Office Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 951Establishing Layering and Text Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 951Checking Office Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 952

Converting Multiple Layer Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 956Other Layer Translator Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 958

The Bottom Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 959

Chapter 28 • Keeping a Project Organized with Sheet Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 961Understanding Sheet Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 961

Organizing by Reference Files and Sheet Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 962Managing Your Files with Sheet Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 962

Creating a Sheet Set from an Existing Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 963Using the Create Sheet Set Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 963Exploring the Sheet Set Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 966Adding New Sheets to Your Sheet Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 969

Managing Title Blocks and Cross-References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 971Creating a New Sheet Set Based on an Existing One . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 971Building a Set of Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 972Adding Callout Blocks as Cross-Reference Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 977Editing Sheet Numbers and Title Block Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 979Closing a Sheet Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 980

Customizing Sheet Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 981Customizing a Title Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 981Creating Custom View Labels and Callout Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 990

Archiving, Publishing, and eTransmitting Sheet Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 997Archiving Your Sheet Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 998Batch-Plotting and Publishing Your Sheet Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1000Packaging Sheet Sets with eTransmit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1001Preparing Your Project Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1001

The Bottom Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1002

Appendices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1003

Appendix A • The Bottom Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1005Chapter 1: Exploring the AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1005Chapter 2: Creating Your First Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1006Chapter 3: Setting Up and Using AutoCAD’s Drafting Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1007

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Chapter 4: Organizing Objects with Blocks and Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1007Chapter 5: Keeping Track of Layers and Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1008Chapter 6: Editing and Reusing Data to Work Efficiently . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1009Chapter 7: Mastering Viewing Tools, Hatches, and External References . . . . . . . . . . 1009Chapter 8: Introducing Printing, Plotting, and Layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1010Chapter 9: Understanding Plot Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1011Chapter 10: Adding Text to Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1012Chapter 11: Using Fields and Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1013Chapter 12: Using Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1013Chapter 13: Using Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1015Chapter 14: Copying Existing Drawings into AutoCAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1015Chapter 15: Advanced Editing and Organizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1016Chapter 16: Laying Out Your Printer Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1016Chapter 17: Using Dynamic Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1017Chapter 18: Drawing Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1018Chapter 19: Getting and Exchanging Data from Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1020Chapter 20: Creating 3D Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1021Chapter 21: Using Advanced 3D Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1022Chapter 22: Rendering 3D Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1023Chapter 23: Editing and Visualizing 3D Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1024Chapter 24: Using the Express Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1025Chapter 25: Exploring AutoLISP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1025Chapter 26: Customizing Toolbars, Menus, Linetypes, and Hatch Patterns . . . . . . . 1026Chapter 27: Managing and Sharing Your Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1028Chapter 28: Keeping a Project Organized with Sheet Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1029

Appendix B • Installing and Setting Up AutoCAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1031Before Installing AutoCAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1031Proceeding with the Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1031

Installing the AutoCAD Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1032Configuring AutoCAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1033

The Files Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1033The Display Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1036The Open and Save Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1039The Plot and Publish Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1042The System Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1042The User Preferences Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1044The Drafting Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1046The 3D Modeling Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1048The Selection Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1051The Profiles Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1053

Configuring the Tablet Menu Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1054Turning On the Noun/Verb Selection Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1055Turning On the Grips Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1056Setting Up the Tracking Vector Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1056

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xxvIII | Contents

Adjusting AutoCAD’s 3D Graphics System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1056The Adaptive Degradation Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1057The Hardware And Performance Tuning Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1057The Manual Performance Tuning Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1057

Finding Hidden Folders That Contain AutoCAD Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1059

Appendix C • Hardware and Software Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1061The Graphics Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1061Pointing Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1062Output Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1062Fine-Tuning the Appearance of Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1062

Making Detailed Adjustments with the Printer/Plotter Configuration Options 1063Adding a Plot Stamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1069Controlling How Lines Overlap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1070Filtering Paper Sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1071Filtering Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1071Controlling the Plot-Preview Background Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1072Controlling the Windows Metafile Background Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1072

Memory and AutoCAD Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1072AutoCAD and Your Hard Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1073Keep Your Hard Disk Clean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1073

AutoCAD Tools to Improve Memory Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1073Using Partial Open to Conserve Memory and Improve Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1073Using Spatial and Layer Indexes to Conserve Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1074Using the Incremental Save Percentage to Conserve Disk Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1075

Setting Up Architectural Desktop to Act Like Standard AutoCAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1075When Things Go Wrong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1076

Starting Up or Opening a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1076Restoring Corrupted Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1076Troubleshooting Other Common Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1077

Appendix D • System variables and Dimension Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1081System Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1081Taking a Closer Look at the Dimension Style Dialog Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1082

The Dimension Style Manager Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1082The New/Modify/Override Dimension Style Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1085Notes on Metric Dimensioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1098Drawing Blocks for Your Own Dimension Arrows and Tick Marks . . . . . . . . . . . 1099

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1101

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