the world of islam
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The World of Islam. Chapter 26. The Ottoman Empire. Fall of the Byzantine Empire. By the 1400’s the Byzantine Empire was failing The Ottomans, a nomadic group, migrated into this region and conquered Constantinople, the Byzantine capital Constantinople was renamed Istanbul - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The World of Islam
Chapter 26
The Ottoman Empire
Fall of the Byzantine Empire
• By the 1400’s the Byzantine Empire was failing
• The Ottomans, a nomadic group, migrated into this region and conquered Constantinople, the Byzantine capital
• Constantinople was renamed Istanbul
• By the 1500’s the Ottomans had created the largest empire in the Middle East and Europe
Ottoman Empire
Great Ottoman Sultans
• Sultan – Arabic word for Strength or Power
• Osman I – 1299-1324 – Ottoman Empire named after him
• Mehmed II – 1451-1481 – Ruled twice & Conquered Constantinople
• Suleyman I – 1520-1566 – Longest ruling Sultan
• Mehmed IIFATİH (The Conqueror)– Conquered Constantinople in
1453– Converted Hagia Sofia, Christian
Church into Muslim Mosque
• Suleyman IMUHTEŞEM (The Magnificent) or KANÛNÎ (The Lawgiver)– Find 5 Accomplishments in the
textbook
The Ottomans were:•Turkish (capital Istanbul)
•Muslim•The largest empire in the world
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Government
• Empire reigned 600 years, until end WWI
• Sultan – led with absolute power• Men of the Pen – lawyers,
scientists, doctors education was valued!
• Men of the Sword – military leaders skilled strategists!
What was the source of Ottoman power?
1. Control of Trade
•Location on the east/west trade route
•Control of the Waterways
2. Wealth from trade
3. Superior technology(the benefit of diffusion)
Five Ottoman Strengths:
1. Respected people they conquered (millett)
2. Fearless army
3. Always improved technology
4. Control Trade
5. Strong Leaders
Ottoman Strengths #1: Control of trade
•Europeans broke this strength by going around Africa and gaining control of trade.
Ottoman Strength #2: Wealth•Discovery of the New World leads to fantastic wealth for Europe from Aztec and Inca gold and silver.
Ottoman Strength #3: Technology•The industrial revolution surpassed the Ottoman superiority in technology especially in production of guns and munitions and other products necessary for war.
The Empire Ends
Three reasons:
1. Nationalism: People ruled by the Ottomans wanted independence.
•Europeans: Serbs, Croats, Bulgarians, Greeks.
•Arabs
2. European Imperialism:
•Industrial revolution caused a need for raw materials
•European industries wanted new markets
•Large navies developed by Europe to control trade
3. Competition between European nations led to WWI in 1914
The Ottomans sided with Germany and lost.
The Arab territories were divided up between Great Britain and France.
Turkey became a republic
The Balfour Declaration•Great Britain promised the same land to the Jews and the Palestinian Arabs.
The Balfour Declaration• Great Britain promised the same
land to the Jews and the Palestinian Arabs.Setting the stage:
GB: land to wealthy Arabs in cities wealthy Arabs sold land to wealthy Jews migrating to Europe Many Arab peasants left homeless Palestinian resentment/conflict
Processing ActivityUsing your notes, summarize the history of the Ottoman Empire. What empire did they conquer? What gave them their strength? How did they end? How did the end of the empire set the stage for the modern Israeli conflict?
p. 580
Homework ?*Complete 26.3 chart
Patterns of Life – page 580Village1. sheep and goats2. Setup near water
(river, oasis, coast, lake)
3. Farming – wheat olives
4. Men and women, specialize jobs
Nomadic1. Moved from oasis
to oasis2. Lived with few
resources3. Fights all the time4. known and
Bedouins*
City1. Protected by high
walls 2. many cities
developed3. suq (markets)4. mosque
Family (more important than individual)
1. Patriarchal – controlled or ruled by men/ Matriarchal- women
2. Arranged marriage3. Divorce easier for
men (3 times)4. Men can have 4
wives- provide equally
5. Children must obey their parents
Women• Had to obey
fathers -> husband -> oldest son (Subordinate)
• Modest and secluded within home
• Wore certain clothing- veiled face (custom from India)
• Education• Right to own
property
Conclusion
Page 5831, 3, 4, 5