The World IS Quantized

1 nm = 0.000000001 m

10 um = 0.00001 m

0.1 m

Only certain energies are allowed: E = hf = hc/, where is a wavelength scale

Everything changes at the “nano” scale

Mechanical strength, toughness high strength, low weight

composites

Chemical bonding, reactivity chemical and biological

receptors or sensors

Thermal insulators, conductors high temperature or

high power applications

Electrical conductivity, ductility microelectronics

Optical absorption, reflectivity high bandwidth fibers

or waveguides

Physical Property Uses

Quantum Mechanical Calculation of Material Properties

Atomic Resolution Microscopes

the AFM,STM,TEM,

and SEM

The Atomic Force Microscope

“Scanning Probe Microscopes”

Atomic Force Microscope Scanning Tunneling Microscope

most sensitivemost versatile

“tapping”

Electron Microscopes

the Scanning Electron Microscope

the Transmission Electron Microscope

thin samples only

most versatile

Microscope Soup

AFM

SEM TEM

STM

NSOM

EFM

the ability to “see” atoms & molecules

IBM Research, 1992

Beyond Seeing -- Moving, and Building

One Atom1 nanometer = 1 nm

Beyond Seeing -- Moving, and Building

“Nano-Lithography”

What is Nanotechnology?

Jim Heath, UCLA

© Foresight Institute

tech·nol·o·gy n 1. The application of science,

especially to industrial or commercial objectives

Nanoscience Nanofiction

© Vic Olliver

Nanorobots repairing red blood cells

Nanotechnology

© QuantumDot Corp.

Inside a fluorescentlylabeled cell

REPORTS

www.sciencemag.org SCIENCE VOL 291 16 MARCH 2001 2115

Colloidal Nanocrystal Shapeand Size Control: The Case of

CobaltVictor F. Puntes, * Kannan M. Krishnan, A. Paul Alivisatos

We show that a relatively simple approach for controlling the colloidal synthesis of anisotropic cadmium selenide semiconductor nanorods can be extended to the size-controlled preparation of magnetic cobalt nanorods as well as spher- ically shaped nanocrystals. This approach helps define a minimum feature set needed to separately control the sizes and shapes of nanocrystals. The resulting cobalt nanocrystals produce interesting two- and three-dimensional super- structures, including ribbons of nanorods.

Nanoscience

though the best

inventions begin as

fictions …

NanofictionNanotechnology

Nanoscience NanofictionNanotechnology

© Foresight Institute

Cumings, UC Berkeley

the Road Towards Nanotechnology

Norman Poire, Merrill Lynch