the world economy chapter 16 pg. 348-366. the west’s first outreach post-1300 : consistent...
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The World EconomyThe World Economy
Chapter 16
pg. 348-366
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The West’s First Outreach• post-1300: Consistent exploration & curiosity of
the world increased remarkably
– Fueled by late postclassical developments
– Yet initially obstacles existed
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Chinese Chinese compass & compass & explosivesexplosives
Arab Arab lateen saillateen sail
Chinese Chinese sternpost sternpost
rudderrudder
Arab Arab lateen saillateen sail
Arab portolan Arab portolan charts & mapscharts & maps
New Technology: Key to Power
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Portugal & Spain lead the Pack• Motivated by money, excitement, & desire to
circumvent Islamic lands
• Portugal pushed south & east around Africa
• Spanish fleets sailed west
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Northern European Expeditions• Dutch and English (& French) use superior
ships to replace naval dominance of Spanish & Portuguese
• Government sponsored trading companies dominated these early colonies
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Question
Based on your reading, record the regions controlled
and colonies established by the
following countries:
• Portugal =
• Spain =
• Netherlands =
• England =
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Toward a World Economy• Three changes arose from European
exploration– Columbian Exchange– New Import-Export Patterns– Emergence of new overseas empires
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Columbian Exchange• Columbian Exchange = diaspora of new
plants, animals & diseases between the old & new worlds following Columbus’ discovery
– Major demographic effects
– Europe affected slowest
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West’s Commercial Outreach• West dominated ocean trade routes, without
fully replacing old players
• Europeans, without inland colonies, dominated ports
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Imbalances in World Trade• Europe expands manufacturing sector
• World economic patterns of have’s & have-not’s established:– Core Nations
– Dependent Nations
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Question
Explain mercantilism.
Analyze the benefits experienced by core nations from such a system.
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International Inequality• Emerging market system created durable
inequalities
– Rise of coercive labor systems
– Limits = many areas not yet effected by market
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World Economy?• Some (China) benefitted w/out fully
participating– Gov regulation remained strong– Manufacturing allowed for strong export position
• Others (Japan) had a change of heart
• While many societies largely focused on internal development:– India (Mughal Empire); Middle East (Ottomans &
Safavids)– Korea; Africa; Russia
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Expansionist Trend• Increasingly areas brought into trade
networks b/t 1450-1750– Europeans begin to view societies as sources of
wealth rather than partners
• India
• Eastern Europe
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World Economy & the World Economy & the AmericasAmericas
Chapter 16
pg. 359-364
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Colonial Expansion
Americas: Spanish Colonies
• Substantial advantages (guns, germs, steel) led to unscrupulous treatment
• pre-1550: loose control, motivated by booty
• post-1550: tight colonial control, motivated by state profit
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Americas: British/French Colonies• Colonies largely ignored, but settlers attempt
to recreate European society (see: pg.364, “North America & Western Civ”)
↳ Loose control, low profitability• Emerging commerce & manufacturing• Independent assemblies• Less impacted by native culture
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Africa & Asia: Coastal Trading• Africa
– Inland exploration & colonies limited by geography & disease
– exception: Cape Colony (Boers)
• SE Asia
• South Asia– Gradually British East India Co. increased
control
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Impact on Western Europe
• Three major impacts– Economic– Diplomatic
• Seven Years War = first world war?– Daily life
Impact of the New World Order
• Dependency deepened by coercive labor• Yet Columbian Exchange & trade addressed
scarcity
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Global Connections• Its complex.
– How?
• Genuine shift was beginning. – Who wins and who loses?