the why's of access - institute of access training ... · pdf fileinstitute of access...

Institute of Access Training Australia

development trainingprofessional

A simple guide to

understanding the rationale behind the

mandatory Australian Standards

for Access and Mobility


2015

The Why's of Access

The Why’s of Access


in conjunction with

Access Audits Australia Good Access is Good Business


Access to the Built Environment Training CoursesNationally Recognised Qualifications and Training

The following training programs are being offered:

Diploma of Access Consulting

Diploma of Access Consulting (Bridging)

Certificate IV in Access Consulting

Certificate IV in Access Consulting - Building Surveyors

Certificate IV in Access Consulting - Architects

Conduct a Building Access Audit

Understanding Access Legislation and Universal Design in Buildings

Understanding Access Legislation and Universal Design in Outdoor Areas

Livable Housing Australia - Registered Assessors Course

Understanding Access and Universal Design in Housing

With the introduction of the Disability (Access to Premises - Buildings) Standards 2010 and changes to other Australian access standards, now is the perfect time to undertake these courses and be at the forefront of the latest developments in access to the built environment.

These are the only courses of this kind in Australia. They are only offered once a year in most States so don't miss this opportunity and enrol now at www.accessinstitute.com.au or email [email protected] or call 03 9329 8028 for further details.

All courses attract industry CPD points.

Institute of Access Training Australiawww.accessinstitute.com.au

©


A Simple Guide to Understanding the Rationale Behind the Mandatory Australian Standards for Access and Mobility

2Institute of Access Training Australiawww.accessinstitute.com.au

©

Acknowledgements

The development of 'The Why's' of Access' was undertaken as a collaborative process

auspiced by the Institute of Access Training Australia (IATA). The process included both

development and review.

Thanks go to the following people who provided valuable input into the development

and/or review of this guide:

Mr. Lucas Wheeler - Project Co ordinator - Qualified Access Consultant -

Accredited member of Association of Consultants in Access Australia (ACAA)

Ms. Joe Manton - IATA Director, Qualified Access Consultant and

Accredited member ACAA

Ms. Kellie Millar - Qualified Access Consultant and Accredited member ACAA

Mr. Michael Wheeler - Qualified Access Consultant and

Accredited member ACAA

Ms. Cathryn Grant - Occupational Therapist and Accredited member ACAA

Mr. Chris Porter - Architect and Accredited member ACAA

Mr. Eric Martin - Architect and Accredited member ACAA

Mr. Murray Mountain - Chair of Standards Committee ME64

(AS1428 Suite of Standards) 1988 – 2012 and Accredited member ACAA.

Disclaimer

This publication has been prepared by The Institute of Access Training Australia. (IATA)

While due care has been taken by IATA in undertaking research relating to the content of this publication,

IATA does not accept responsibility or liability for the results of specific action taken on the basis of

information contained in this publication nor for any errors or omissions.

The information contained herein provides some examples of the rationale behind the requirements of the

referenced Australian Standards for Access and Mobility. There may be other rationale that will also support

understanding of these Australian Standards. This publication does not exclude consideration of this.

Australian Standards are in the process of constant change. Due reference should be given to these

changes in the use of this publication. All actions taken by a public authority, organisation or individual in

reliance on this publication or other IATA publications remain the responsibility of that public authority,

organisation or individual.



©


Contents

Acknowledgements

Disclaimer

Contents

Introduction

The Aim of this Guide

What are Mandatory Standards?

Australian Standard 1428.1 - 2009 - Design for access and mobility - General

requirements for new building work

Continuous Accessible Paths of Travel

Floor or Ground Surfaces on Continuous Accessible Paths of Travel and

Circulation Spaces

AS1428.4.1 - 2009 - Means to assist the orientation of people with vision

impairment - Tactile ground surface indicators (TGSIs)

Walkways, Ramps and Landings

Stairways

Handrails

Doorways, Doors and Circulation Space at Doorways

Switches and General Purpose Outlets (Power Points)

Sanitary Facilities

Sanitary Facilities in accordance with AS1428.1 (2009)

Sanitary Facilities for People with Ambulant Disabilities

Grabrails

Assembly Buildings

AS2890.6 - 2009 - Parking facilities Off-street parking for people with disabilities

Designated Accessible Parking Bays (DAPBs)

AS1735.12 – 1999 - Lifts escalators and moving walks – Facilities for persons

with disabilities

AS1428.5 - 2010 - Design for access and mobility - Communication for people

who are deaf or hearing impaired

Communication Access

2

2

3

4

4

5

6

6

9

14

19

23

25

28

30

30

37

42

43

44

44

44

49

49

50


©


Introduction

Many people are required to interpret and use the Australian Standards for Access and

Mobility when planning, designing, and building a range of premises.

These Standards can be complex and in some instances, difficult to implement if a user

does not understand why a particular requirement for access has been included.

The Institute of Access Training Australia (IATA) has been working with students and

clients for many years to assist them to understand the Why's of access.

The Aim of this Guide

The aim of this guide is to provide a simple to understand resource to support a range of

people who are working with the Australian Standards for Access and Mobility. This guide

explains in simple language, the Why's – the rationale - behind the Standards and why

certain elements and specifications are required in order to provide access for people with

a range of disabilities.

This guide in most cases only covers the Australian Standards that are mandatory i.e.

called up under the Building Code of Australia and the Disability (Access to Premises –

Buildings Standards) 2010. However, some additional issues in this document have also

been included, that should be considered in line with the principles of equity and access.

These support the principles of anti discrimination relating to the Federal Disability

Discrimination Act – 1992 (DDA).

IATA has developed other guides and access guidelines for additional non mandatory

access standards and requirements.

This guide is set out in an easy to read manner to align with the key elements in the

Australian Standards for Access and Mobility. These Standards include:

Australian Standard 1428.1 - 2009 - Design for access and mobility - General

requirements for new building work;

AS1428.4.1 - 2009 - Means to assist the orientation of people with vision

impairment - Tactile ground surface indicators;

AS2890.6 - 2009 - Parking facilities Off-street parking for people with disabilities;

AS1735.12 – 1999 - Lifts escalators and moving walks – Facilities for persons with

disabilities;

AS1428.5 - 2010 - Design for access and mobility - Communication for people who

are deaf or hearing impaired.


©

What are Mandatory Standards?

For the purpose of this Guide, mandatory Australian Standards relating to access are

those that are referenced in the Commonwealth Disability (Access to Premises –

Buildings) Standards 2010. These generally align with those referenced in the Building

Code of Australia, relating to new building works.

In some cases, some additional questions and answers have been included in this guide

that relate to other non mandatory Australian access Standards. These have been

included to provide further assistance in understanding the reasons behind specific

requirements for access to the built environment. Use of the mandatory Australian

Standards alone, in many instances, will not ensure the provision of equitable, dignified

access for people with a range of access challenges to the built environment. Often there

are issues that must be considered over and above the mandatory Australian Standards,

that if not addressed, will not support the effective use of a building or facility and in some

instances will therefore not provide equitable, dignified access or meet the intent of the

Federal Disability Discrimination Act – 1992 (DDA).

For example, the following question is related to lifts: Why is a mirror on the rear wall of a

lift useful?

Whilst the lift standard is a mandatory standard (i.e. called up in legislation), it is not

mandatory to have a mirror installed in a lift, but it may be useful to a range of users.



©

Australian Standard 1428.1 - 2009 - Design for access and

mobility - General requirements for new building work

Continuous Accessible Paths of Travel

1. Why is overhead clearance required on accessways?

Overhead clearance is required on accessways to ensure a tall person or a person

with vision impairment does not encounter any obstructions, such as overhanging

branches, window awnings, flags or other impediments.

Users of large mobility aids and tall people can move easily along the accessway if

there is adequate overhead clearance.

In addition, clear lines of sight are required for people to effectively read overhead

signage.

2. Why are there specified minimum widths for accessways?

Accessways are required to provide a minimum width in order to allow a variety of

pedestrians and users of smaller mobility aids to move freely along the accessway

and at intervals pass each other. These aids can include wheelchairs, crutches,

assistance animals, and long white canes.

Other pedestrians using larger wheelchairs, scooters, prams, strollers, shopping

trolleys, and delivery trolleys also need to be able to use accessways. Often the

minimum specified width of 1000mm in the Standards for an accessway is too

narrow for these aids, so consideration should be given to wider accessways with

a minimum of 1200mm, which is preferred whenever possible.

3. Why can't there be any obstructions along accessways?

Obstructions cannot be present along accessways as they prevent the easy flow of

users, can create tripping hazards and also prevent those using mobility aids from

moving easily and safely throughout the environment.

Each person with a vision loss will usually be taught by an Orientation & Mobility

Officer how to negotiate the built environment, part of which is to work out the most

convenient and comfortable manner for them to negotiate the area in question.



©


Those with some residual vision may choose to use the centre or inside of a

walkway if they have sufficient residual sight to constantly follow a shoreline. A

shoreline can incorporate a building line, kerb rail, or wall used by a person with

vision impairment utilising a long white cane to orient themselves and maintain a

consistent line of travel. Many guide dog users will use the centre path of travel, or if

looking for a particular entry may shoreline along the building/boundary line.

The DDA does not allow for people with a disability to be discriminated against,

therefore the shoreline must be kept clear to enable them to find an entry to

premises they wish to visit.

4. Why do controls such as door handles, light switches and the like need to

be between 900mm – 1100mm above the finished floor/ground level on an

accessway?

Controls need to be between 900mm - 1100mm above the finished floor/ground

level on an accessway so they:

can be reached by 90% of people with a disability, especially those in a wheelchair

and people of short stature. The 900mm – 1100mm reach range enables 90% of

people with a disability to reach and comfortably operate controls. This height is

also ergonomically comfortable for all members of the community to use, including

children. (There are exceptions when this height must be increased for safety

reasons, e.g. swimming pools and child care centres.)

do not impede the movement of a person using a mobility aid, in particular a

wheelchair, when moving along the accessway.

Consideration must be given to the space required for a mobility aid and also the

space required for a person using their hands on the wheels of a wheelchair; for

example, to have enough room to propel their chair without scraping their hands or

knuckles across any door handles.

5. Why must there be minimum specified circulation spaces along

accessways?

Specific minimum circulation spaces are required in order to allow users of a variety

of mobility aids to reposition and turn themselves around without being impeded, to

follow a path of travel, or pass through a door or gateway. Larger mobility aids take

up more space and therefore require larger circulation spaces in order to

manoeuvre easily.


©


The turning radius of a wheelchair depends on the length and width of the chair and

the technique employed by the user. Simultaneously moving one rear wheel forward

and the other backward, causing the wheelchair to pivot is the most common,

although this cannot be achieved with many electric wheelchairs.

6. Why are specific spaces for passing and turning required along

accessways?

Passing and turning spaces are required along accessways to allow a person to

pass another without having to move off the designated accessway. These spaces

are also required to allow two people using mobility aids to pass one another when

travelling in either the same, or in opposite directions.

Turning spaces at the end of a “dead-end” corridor are critical for users of mobility

aids, so they are not required to travel backwards along the accessway, which is not

possible for many people with a disability.

7. Why do there need to be various circulation spaces when approaching a

doorway?

When approaching a doorway, variation in circulation spaces is required to allow

users of mobility aids to effectively open any door and move through the doorway,

based on the particular angle of approach, whether the door swings towards or

away from the user or it is a sliding door. For example, if a person using a

wheelchair is approaching a door from the front, there will be less space required to

open and move through the door as the person will have less manoeuvring to do. If,

however, the same person is approaching the door from the side, more space

would usually be required to allow for the person to turn their mobility aid, open the

door and move through in comfort. Hinged doors that swing towards the user will

again require more circulation space as opposed to a door that swings away from

the user.

8. Why are solid visual indicators required on glazing?

A solid contrasting strip is required across fully glazed doors, sidelights, and other

glazing that could be mistaken for a doorway, in order to prevent any person

walking or moving into the glass. The strip is designed to identify the glass. In order

for it to be effective, it must not incorporate any breaks or logo cut-outs.

Frameless or fully glazed doors, walls or sidelights and the like must be clearly

marked for the full width with a solid non translucent line that will not emit any light.

The strip must be not less than 75mm wide, at a height between 900mm and

1000mm above the plane of the finished floor surface.


©


Emphasis has been placed on the minimum luminance contrast criteria of .3 or 30%

when approached from either side compared to the background on the opposite

side of the door, which in all cases will be the floor area.

People who are blind or have vision impairment, have a depth of field limitation,

which results in them looking down at an angle of 45 – 50 degrees. This also allows

them to choose a safe path of travel. When they are within 1 – 2 metres from a fully

glazed door or sidelight they will be able to detect the visual indicator at the height

of 900 – 1000mm AFFL (Above the Finished Floor Level) provided the 30%

minimum luminance contrast criteria has been applied compared to the background

on which it is being viewed. The background in all cases will be the circulation

space on the opposite side of the door.

Floor or Ground Surfaces on Continuous Accessible Paths of Travel

and Circulation Spaces

9. Why is the ground surface on an accessway required to be slip resistant?

Slip resistant surfaces are required on accessways to prevent a person slipping, or

their mobility aid losing traction. The surface must be slip resistant in both wet and

dry conditions.

Consideration should be given to the type of surface material used on accessways

to ensure that:

liquid or other loose materials that could create a slip hazard do not remain on the

surface, e.g. liquid such as water will drain off naturally. Crossfalls are not to

exceed a gradient of 1: 40, or 2.5% (1:33 on bitumen).

surfaces that are likely to become wet due to rain are to have a minimum slip

resistance rating of R11.

surfaces that are not likely to become wet are to have a minimum slip resistance

rating of R10.

two adjacent surfaces do not have a differential in slip resistance greater than R3,

as this can cause a gripping hazard and cause people to stumble. For example, it

is not advisable to use R13 or higher 'R' rating for Tactile Ground Surface

Indicators adjacent to terrazzo flooring or similar flooring products that have lower

'R' ratings. Note: This has been demonstrated experientially, however empirical

research is yet to verify upper differential 'R' rate.


©

10. Why are smooth transitions required at abutment of surfaces on

accessways?

Abutment of surfaces on an accessway are required to be as smooth as possible in

order to allow:

all pedestrians including people with a disability to safely transition along the

accessway without tripping and injuring themselves.

users of mobility aids to move over them without being impeded. The maximum

vertical rise permitted is 3mm. Some mobility aids may be obstructed by small

'lips', therefore any variation over 3mm up to 5mm must have a bevelled or a

rounded edge

for continuous paving units, a maximum height variation of 2mm. This is where

the joint between the pavers can create constant vibrations to many people using

a wheelchair, which to many is extremely painful.

11. Why can carpet create an access issue?

The height of the carpet pile, carpet backing and underlay, together with the

direction of the pile can affect how users of mobility aids move across the floor

surface. Users of mobility aids can sink into deep pile carpet, making it very difficult

to manoeuvre their mobility aid across the floor.

If the pile is swept across the path of travel, it can drag the wheels of a mobility aid

in the same direction, taking a person off their path of travel and making it very

difficult to correct.

12. Why can recessed matting create an access barrier?

Recessed matting, such as coir mats, can create a tripping hazard for a person

walking along an accessway, due to a lack of a smooth transition from the

accessway on and off the recessed mat. This may be due to compaction of the mat,

inadequate maintenance and/or poor fitting.

It can also create difficulties for a person moving across the mat when using a

mobility aid such as a wheelchair, as the matting can often be soft and the mobility

aid can sink into it making it difficult to move.



©


Appropriate matting design and installation, however, can prevent excess water and

debris from being trafficked into building entries, thus reducing the likelihood of

slips. Matting at an entrance can also be a useful wayfinding tool to assist in the

identification of an entrance/exit.

13. Why can grates on accessways create an access barrier?

Grates on accessways with openings >13mm can trap mobility aids such as long

white canes, walking sticks and wheelchairs, creating the possibility of a person's

aid jamming in the grate causing them to trip or fall. They can also pose a problem

for a person wearing thin or high heeled shoes as these can get caught in the grate.

Openings in grates are always to be installed perpendicular to the main direction of

pedestrian travel.

14. Why do people with vision impairment or who are blind, need Braille and

raised tactile signs?

Braille and raised tactile signage allows people to read and interpret information

using the tips of their fingers, rather than their eyes.

Of the total blind population in Australia 9 out of 10 legally blind people have some

residual vision. Therefore, only 1 in every 10 legally blind people do not have any

residual vision, only total darkness.

Of these, 31% use a long white cane, 2 – 3% a guide dog and the remaining 66%

use their residual vision to safely move around the built environment.

For every legally blind person there are another 4 people with low vision, i.e. less

than ⅓ of normal vision.

For those people with a vision loss but who have some remaining usable residual

vision, the use of luminance contrast is necessary to firstly identify a sign, then be

able to locate and read the Braille and/or raised tactile elements on the sign.

Signage


©


Braille and tactile signs must be located at a height between 1200mm to 1600mm

AFFL/AFGL to enable the signs to be easily accessed by a person who may be

seated or standing. Placement of signs at a consistent height and on the latch side

of doors where room identification is required is also important to assist people to

locate them.

15. Why must the international symbol of access be a white wheelchair

symbol on blue background?

The international symbol of access must be a white wheelchair symbol on

ultramarine blue background (or similar) for consistency and ease of recognition.

The correct use of these colours is required by AS1428.1 (2009), and to meet

copyright requirements.

The symbol assists people to identify areas that provide access. Many people,

including people with an intellectual disability, are taught that the white wheelchair

symbol on a blue background indicates the availability of an accessible building

element. If 'white on blue' is not used, it can create confusion.

Using consistent signage incorporating standardised symbols and pictograms is

also a universal design feature. It assists people who are unable to read the local

language to be able to identify important amenities within a building or facility. Many

of these people are from culturally and linguistically diverse communities where

English may not be the first language,

16. Why must consideration be given to the installation of 'left handed' (LH)

and 'right handed' (RH) unisex accessible sanitary facilities?

The installation of both 'left handed' (LH) and 'right handed' (RH) unisex accessible

sanitary facilities must be considered because some people will be either left or

right hand dominant, and will prefer to use a unisex accessible facility which

accommodates this.

If the grabrails are installed on the wall on the left hand side of the toilet pan when a

person is seated on the pan facing the front, this is a 'LH' configuration. Conversely,

if the grabrails are installed on the right hand side, then it is a 'RH' configuration.


©


17. Why is Title Case (with a capital letter beginning each main word)

specified for signage?

Title Case is specified for signage because it is easier to comprehend the meaning

and intent of the sign (especially for people with various levels of cognitive or

intellectual impairment). Words written using only upper or lower case are difficult

for many people to understand. From an early age, our brains recognise the shape

of a written word almost as much as the letters within. When UPPER CASE ONLY

is used, the shape of a word is lost, and from a distance the word becomes more

difficult to decipher. Bigger is not always better. Using Title Case allows for quicker

recognition of a word from a greater distance.

18. Why is signage designating an accessible sanitary facility required to be

installed on the latch side wall?

Signage designating an accessible sanitary facility must be located on the latch side

wall for consistency, safety and accessibility. There will nearly always be adequate

space on the latch side wall due to circulation space requirements at doors. If

signage is located on the door or the opposite side wall from the latch-side, a

person may be struck by a swing opening door when they are reading the sign -

especially someone reading the Braille or tactile elements.

In addition, if a sign is placed on a cavity sliding door, the sign will be lost when the

door is in the open position. Where the sign is unable to be located on the latch side

wall, it may be positioned on the door.

Consideration must also be given to the height of the sign at the required range of

1200mm to 1600mm above the finished floor level to ensure that a person when

seated or a person of short stature can easily access it.

19. Why are Sans serif fonts required on signage? e.g. Arial or Helvetica

Sans serif fonts are required on signage as they are the clearest and generally

easiest fonts to read. The constant thickness of the letters and lack of serifs make

signs readable and legible, and ensure people with a vision loss are not confused.

These fonts do not have 'serifs'(a small line attached to the end of a stroke in a

letter), thus are less cluttered, and do not distort the shape of the letters.

Additional issues to consider


©


20. Why are 'words or text' required on a Braille and tactile sign? What

should these 'words or text' say?

Most people who are blind or vision impaired cannot read Braille. Raised tactile

'words or text' assist with ease of interpretation of a sign.

The 'words or text' used on Braille and tactile signs should read the same as the

Braille. Any information that is written in text should also be duplicated in Braille and

tactile components. Any symbol incorporated into a sign should also be described in

Braille. Braille must always be uncontracted Braille – Grade 1.

21. Why are the words 'Access' or 'Accessible' rather than 'Disabled'

preferred on signage?

When the word 'disabled' is used on signage to describe an accessible building

element, it marginalises the intended user group. Features such as unisex

accessible sanitary facilities, ramps, lifts, and change areas are for use by anyone

in the community, not just people with a disability.

In addition, the use of the word 'disabled' suggests that there is only a certain group

of people in the community that will benefit from the accessible feature. However,

everyone needs good access, including people with disabilities and older people,

and it should be encouraged as broadly as possible.

AS1428.4.1 - 2009 - Means to assist the orientation of people

with vision impairment - Tactile ground surface indicators

(TGSIs)

22. Why do TGSIs need to be installed?

TGSIs provide cues, which, when combined with other environmental information,

assist people who are blind or vision impaired with their orientation. Orientation is a

person's awareness of where they are, where they are going and where they have

been.

A person's orientation through processing all available environmental cues will

make the information provided by TGSIs meaningful.


©


There are two types of TGSIs used in Australia. These are hazard (or warning)

indicators and directional indicators.

Hazard TGSIs can be installed for several reasons. Warning TGSIs (in the majority

of installations) indicate an approaching unexpected hazard, but not what the

hazard will be. Hazards can include the start or end of a ramp (excluding step

ramps, threshold ramps), stairways at the top and bottom, overhead protrusions

and “At grade” pedestrian /vehicular ways. Whilst there is no mandatory

requirement to install TGSIs at step ramps, these can also constitute a hazard due

to the change in grade from a pathway to the step ramp. If no TGSIs are installed

then some people may stumble at the transition point. Consideration also should be

given to use of TGSIs at these locations.

TGSIs are used in some areas where there is a known hazard, e.g. at some kerb

ramps where the kerb ramps do not meet the design requirements, a railway

platform or the edge of a wharf.

Hazard TGSIs are designed to alert a pedestrian with vision impairment or who is

blind that there is something ahead that may be dangerous or important. The

message is to stop and use other cues to assist in determining what the hazard

might be. For example, a person may use their long white cane to try and identify

the hazard. They may listen for sounds, such as traffic, to assist in identifying what

may be around them and what the hazard may be.

Secondly, hazard TGSIs are also installed to identify a change of direction along a

path of travel in an open area where there are few or no cues to assist them in their

orientation. This may also be at a change of direction of a pathway or to identify a

change of direction to an installation such as a bus stop or seat. Often in this case,

hazard TGSIs will be used in conjunction with directional TGSIs (see below).

Hazard TGSIs should be installed to provide guidance and/or warning of an

obstruction or hazard in any location where there are insufficient alternative 'natural'

cues.

Directional TGSIs are installed to direct a person between two points. For

example, this may be between a pathway and a road crossing point at a midblock

crossing or a pathway and a bus stop.


©


When directional TGSIs are used to take a pedestrian to a destination such as a

bus stop, there must also be hazard TGSIs at the end to alert the user they have

reached the 'flag' which is located where the bus will stop, so that the door of the

bus is aligned at this point.

Hazard TGSIs are mandatory at some locations according to Commonwealth

legislation in relation to access. However, there is currently no Commonwealth

legislation or Code that mandates the installation of directional TGSIs, other than

the Federal and State Disability Discrimination Legislation in which case we are to

use them so as not to discriminate.

23. Why are hazard TGSIs required at the top and bottom of a ramp and a set

of stairs?

Hazard TGSIs are required at the top and bottom of unexpected hazards, such as

ramps and sets of stairs in order to alert people who are blind or with vision

impairment of an upcoming hazard and to alert them that they have reached the

end of the stair or ramp. Kerb ramps do not have them installed at the top or bottom

as kerb ramps are always a known hazard, e.g. at corners, midblock crossings.

These should be identified with directional TGSIs across the walkway perpendicular

to the direction of travel.

24. Why are some kerb ramps exempt from the need for hazard TGSIs on the

face of the trafficable surface of the ramp?

A kerb ramp leading to an accessible car parking space that only services the

parking space should not have TGSIs applied. However, if the kerb ramp also

provides access to a pedestrian crossing then the kerb ramp should have the

TGSIs applied to the trafficable surface (if it does not meet the following

requirements in this section.)

Some kerb ramps are exempt from hazard TGSIs if other cues are in place that

assist a person who is blind or with vision impairment with identifying the kerb ramp

and direction of travel across the vehicular way. TGSI's are not required at kerb

ramps if:

the distance from the top of the kerb ramp to the boundary or building line

is ≤ three metres;


©


the change in gradient between the landing at the top of the kerb ramp and the

kerb ramp is between 1 in 8 and 1 in 8.5;

the kerb ramp is aligned with the building line in the direction of travel to the top

of the kerb ramp.

the kerb ramp is oriented in the direction of travel across the vehicular way to the

entrance point on the opposite side of the road.

There is an incentive to achieve all of the above criteria in the construction of kerb

ramps, however it very rarely occurs. Some 80% of all kerb ramps if built correctly

would not require TGSIs, it's only because they are non-compliant that TGSIs are

required.

25. Why are handrail ends and TGSIs set back from any interconnecting

accessway on a boundary?

Handrail ends and TGSIs should be set back from any interconnecting accessway

to prevent a person travelling on the transverse path of travel from walking into

them. This can be a problem, particularly for people who are blind or with vision

impairment. Smaller children also may not easily see a projection into the

accessway.

26. Why is luminance contrast required on a variety of installations?

Luminance contrast is the amount of light reflected from one surface or component

compared to the light reflected from another surface or component.

Effective luminance contrast is required on a variety of installations to assist people

with vision impairment to differentiate between the installation, and background or

adjacent surfaces. This assists with navigating throughout the built environment.

Luminance contrast must be provided in a range of installations such as to identify a

door within a wall, a toilet pan within a toilet facility, a glazing strip across a glass

door, TGSIs at the top and bottom of a set of stairs or a ramp.

Colour contrast is the difference between two colours. Some people with vision

impairment may not be able to differentiate colour contrast, but they will be able to

differentiate luminance contrast.

Where possible both luminous and colour contrast are preferred.


©


27. Why should TGSI use be limited to 'where necessary'?

The application of TGSIs will not correct bad design, but they help to make an

unsafe environment safer. Good design will minimise the need for TGSIs.

Hazard TGSIs should be installed to provide guidance and/or warning of an

unexpected obstruction or hazard along a path of travel in any location where

insufficient alternative 'natural' cues exist. Where these other cues exist, unless

mandated by regulation or legislation, TGSIs may not be required. Environmental

cues can include elements such as a compliant kerb ramp, for example.

If TGSIs are over used they can in fact create inconsistency and confusion for

people with vision impairment or who are blind. Many people who use wheelchairs

also do not like to travel over TGSIs due to the uneven surface and the potential

body trauma that can occur, but it has been conceded by the Physical Disability

Council of Australia that TGSIs are of benefit to people with vision loss and have

been accepted. There are still some factions that oppose them but these are

minority groups.

28. Why is it important to understand how people use TGSIs?

It is important to understand how people use TGSIs so that they are installed

correctly and provided in appropriate locations. Without understanding their use,

directional TGSIs may be installed where hazard TGSIs are required, or vice versa,

which can create a confusing and potentially dangerous environment for a

pedestrian with vision impairment or who is blind.

The use of TGSIs should be consistent throughout our built environment, to reduce

confusion.



©


29. Why do ramps need gentle gradients?

Ramps (excluding step ramps, threshold ramps and kerb ramps) need gentle

gradients because many people using mobility aids unassisted will find it very

difficult to propel themselves up a steep gradient. Conversely, the same people may

find it difficult to slow themselves down when descending. Steeper gradients also

make it more difficult for a person pushing a wheelchair to maintain control. This is

why the maximum rise for any group of combined ramps is 3.6m.

In addition, some people, particularly older adults can lose their balance or

sureness of foot on steep sloped surfaces.

30. Why are landings required at the top and bottom of ramps and stairs?

Landings are required at the top and bottom of ramps and stairs to enable users to

stop and align themselves with their path of travel, to open any doors they may

need to negotiate, and to take a rest if excessive physical exertion was required.

31. Why are landings required at intervals along some ramps?

Landings are required at intervals along ramps to allow people who are travelling

along the ramp, to rest.

Unassisted users of mobility aids, older adults, and people with stamina limitations

may require a short rest when travelling along longer ramps.

32. Why are wide passing and turning spaces required on ramps?

Wide passing and turning spaces are required along ramps to allow a person to

pass another without having to quickly slow down or stop on a slope behind

someone who may be travelling more slowly. They are also required to allow two

people using mobility aids to pass one another when travelling in either the same or

opposite directions.

Wide passing spaces are also required to provide a turning space for a person

using a mobility aid to manoeuvre and turn 180 degrees if necessary to return to

their starting point.

Walkways, Ramps and Landings


©


33. Why are kerb rails required on ramps and landings?

Kerb rails are required on ramps and landings in order to prevent users of mobility

aids from inadvertently rolling or moving off the ramp. Many people who use electric

wheelchairs experience uncontrolled spasms which can cause the wheelchair to

suddenly veer to one side. The kerb rails are there to stop their toe plates and

wheels from hitting the support posts, which will result in tipping the wheelchair

over, especially if they are travelling downhill. Kerb rails also provide a 'shoreline' to

assist a person who is blind or with vision impairment, who may be using a long

white cane, to navigate along the ramp or landing.

34. Why is it important to consider the width of any gap on a kerb rail along a

ramp?

Consideration needs to be given to the width of any gap within a kerb rail on a

ramp, due to the varying heights of foot plates on mobility aids.

A footplate of a wheelchair may get trapped in small openings within a kerb rail, or

on the top of a kerb rail, if appropriate specifications for gaps and heights are not

achieved.

35. Why, with some kerb rails, is the handrail support post vertical, and in

others, offset?

A kerb rail is not permitted to protrude past the face of a handrail, to ensure that a

person with an ambulant disability who requires to 'hug' the handrail as they travel

along it do not have to have their feet on a sideways angle which can make them

unstable. The inside face of the handrail must always be vertically parallel with the

inside face of the kerb rail, or the kerb rail may extend up to no more than 100mm

back from the inside edge of the handrail.

If the kerb rail does not start at a height of no more than 65mm above the surface of

the ramp and extend up to a minimum of 150mm above the ramp surface then the

support posts must be set back a minimum of 200mm from the face of the kerb rail

so that clearance may be maintained for out of control wheelchairs. Therefore,

depending on the design of handrails, the handrail support may be vertical or offset.

An offset handrail support may also assist some users to access the handrail.


©


36. Why is a minimum of .3 or 30%luminance contrast nosing required on

stair nosings compared to the treads?

Minimum luminance contrast nosing is required on stair nosing treads to assist a

user to identify where stair treads end. This is particularly useful for people with

vision impairment, or where there is a low level of lighting – as is often the case in

emergency evacuation stairs. The size of the depth of the tread nosings is 50 –

75mm and must extend across the full width of every tread. The minimum

luminance contrast of .3 or 30% must be for the full depth of 50 – 75mm as the

dominant background of the tread will 'wash out' 25% of the front and back of the

nosing colour, leaving 50% of the nosing visible to many of the users with a vision

loss. Never use strips such as inserted graphite or alternating aluminium and colour

as these will completely disappear due to the washing out effect.

37. Why do walkways with a gradient shallower than 1:33 not require

landings?

A walkway with a gradient shallower than 1:33 is not deemed to be so steep as to

require a landing, or resting area. It is expected that most people will be able to

travel over the surface or remain stationary without requiring a landing

38. Why is there a difference in the camber (crossfall) required for bitumen

surfaces on walkways and landings and other surfaces?

Bitumen surfaces are generally not capable of being as level as concrete, thereby

not allowing water runoff to occur as quickly as other more level surfaces. Ponding

occurs more on bitumen surfaces and this is why the steeper gradient of up to 1: 33

is required.

Due to the nature of the surface, it is likely to be more slip resistant than concrete. .


©


39. Why do kerb ramps need to align with opposing kerb ramps?

Kerb ramps need to align with opposing kerb ramps to ensure a logical and

consistent path and direction of travel is maintained. People who are blind or with

vision impairment will nearly always follow the direction of a kerb ramp to assist

them with orientation. Therefore kerb ramps must be aligned to assist in directing

people safely to the connecting path of travel on the opposite side of the vehicular

way.

The alignment also means that a user of a mobility aid is not required to

unnecessarily manoeuvre their mobility aid to maintain the logical path of travel.

40. Why do kerb ramps need to be designed with specific profiles?

The gradients, edges and transitions of a kerb ramp can all affect safety and

effectiveness. Kerb ramps are required to be designed with specific profiles to

ensure safety and consistency throughout the environment.

For example, if the profile of a kerb ramp is designed with sides that are too high,

this can create a tripping or ankle twisting hazard. Similarly if the sides are too

steep, then a user of a wheelchair may find themselves tipping sideways in their

wheelchair as they move along the kerb ramp making the wheelchair extremely

unstable and possibly tipping over.

41. Why do landings have to be a minimum specific size?

Landings must be at least a minimum specific size to accommodate a variety of

mobility aids. Some mobility aids have quite a large footprint, therefore enough

space must be provided for them to remain stationary without rolling or moving,

usually 1200mm – 1500mm in length by a minimum of 1000mm, preferred

1200mm. They must also have sufficient space to manoeuvre easily when

necessary, e.g. when turning at the top of a kerb ramp, a 90° degree turn requires a

1500mm X 1500mm circulation space.


©


42. Why are threshold ramps allowed a grade not steeper than 1:8 but step

ramps allowed a grade not steeper than 1:10?

A threshold ramp is permitted to have a grade of 1:8, steeper than a step ramp

(1:10) due to its maximum height of 35mm and relationship to a doorway, which will

be a maximum of 280mm from the door. A person using a wheelchair must be able

to access the door controls and be on level ground when approaching from the front

or side, hence the shorter length required on a threshold ramp.

43. Why must step ramps have a 45 degree splay or a suitable barrier where

there is pedestrian cross traffic?

Step ramps must have a 45 degree splay or a suitable barrier where there is

pedestrian cross traffic in order to prevent a person tripping on any raised or sloped

splay of the step ramp.

44. Why do stairs risers need to be opaque (i.e. light cannot be seen through

them).

Stair risers need to be opaque to ensure a person who is blind or with vision

impairment does not experience any strobing as they ascend the stairs. For many

people with sight loss this may trigger an attack of vertigo which can result in a fall.

Many assistance animals will also find it difficult to negotiate stairs that do not

incorporate in-fills for the risers.

45. Why are treads not permitted to extend out past the risers?

Closed stair risers are required to ensure that a person does not catch their toe

under the nosing as they ascend the stairs. It is difficult for people who may have

prosthesis in place of their leg or others with spina bifida or any other ambulant

disability, as they may find it difficult and tiring ascending stairs. Should their toe

become caught under the lip of the nosing it becomes even more tiring and

develops into a high risk situation. This on numerous occasions ends up in some

people falling down the stairs.

Stairways


©


46. Why do stairs require nosings to be no wider than 75mm?

Stair nosings are designed to alert a person with vision impairment to where one

stair treads ends. Once the nosing reaches more than 75mm, it begins to take up

too much of the stair tread and can appear to blend with the nosing on the riser

above, particularly when a person is descending the stairs. This diminishes the

ability to identify each individual stair tread and could contribute to a person falling

on the stairs.

47. Why can't stair nosings extend down the stair riser more than 10mm?

Stair nosings must not extend down the stair riser any further than 10mm to ensure

the top of each nosing remain easy to identify. Once the nosing extends down the

riser more than 10mm, people with a vision loss cannot detect the top of the nosing

and they misjudge it resulting in them tripping up the stairs.

48. Why, if a balustrade is required at a height greater than the handrail, do

both have to be provided?

Balustrades and handrails are installed for different reasons. Balustrades are

usually installed as a safety measure to prevent people falling off the stair, landing,

or raised area e.g. a platform or viewing area. They are not designed to be used in

the same way as handrails. Handrails may be required to take a greater load and

potentially support a person leaning so they don't fall. They are also designed to act

as a guiding support for a person who may be off balance and have limitations to

movement. Balustrades on landings, however, do have to be able to withstand the

crowd force applied to them.

49. Why does a terminating handrail at the base of stairs have to extend

beyond the end of the stairs i.e. one tread depth parallel with the line of the

nosings and then 300mm horizontally?

Handrails must extend beyond the end of stairs in order to inform a user that there

is another step down to make before reaching the floor.


©


A user's hand on the handrail is always a tread ahead of their feet and so the

handrail extensions on the angle ensure that their hand is still on an angled piece of

handrail while their feet are still on the stairs. The flat section of the handrail is to

provide warning to people with low vision that the stair has ended and that they are

now on level ground. The handrail extension also acts as a guide for a person with

vision impairment.

At the top of the stairs, where the handrail ceases to ascend (at the point above the

final riser) and runs parallel with the ground, a person with a vision impairment is

warned that the stairs have ended. As their hand reaches this point first, they are

enabled to change their gait as they reach level ground.

50. Why are handrails required on both sides of ramps and stairs?

Handrails are required on both sides of ramps and stairs so a person can use either

their right or left hand to hold onto the rail for support. Also, if several people are

using the ramp or stairs whilst travelling in opposite directions, handrails on both

sides will allow for multiple users to use a rail at any one time.

Handrails and kerb rails on ramps also aid users of wheelchairs by providing a

safety barrier protecting a user from a fall, assisting them with balance and

providing a means of assisted propulsion.

51. Why is a 'turndown to the floor, turn back of 180°' or ' return to the wall'

required on handrail ends?

These optional requirements ensure that the handrail end is not suspended in

mid-air creating a hazard which can catch people's clothes or injure someone.

As with the extended handrail, these options at the end of a handrail provide a

safety alert to a person that they have reached the end of the ramp or set of stairs.

This is particularly beneficial to a person who is blind or with vision impairment, as

they can move their hand along the entire length of a handrail and can feel the

turndown, thus being alerted to the end of the stair or ramp.

Handrails


©


52. Why must consideration be given to the required clearances and type of

fittings used to install a handrail?

Many people will need to use handrails at all times when they are moving along a

ramp or stairs. The types of fittings used on a handrail to secure it to the wall or

stanchion must allow for a person to move their hand along the rail in an

uninterrupted motion for the entire length of the rail. The handrail should be free of

any obstruction so that users should not be required to lift their hand off the rail and

reposition it which can create instability.

53. Why are handrails required to be round (or elliptical)?

Round or elliptical handrails are the most ergonomic shape for a person to grasp.

Squared or flat handrails can be more difficult to grasp for people with hand

disabilities as they do not provide sufficient comfort and grip for a person's hand to

effectively grasp or grab and provide stability, traction, or the ability to pull if

necessary, to assist with forward movement.

54. Why is the diameter of handrails different from that of grabrails?

(30 - 50mm versus 30 – 40mm)?

The diameter of handrails differs from that of grabrails because of their differing

uses. A handrail is used a guide and in most instances only provides some support

to the user, whereas a grabrail is designed to be more supportive, sometimes taking

a load of 110kg and above, particularly where a person with no leg strength may

rely on it for transfer from their mobility aid to a toilet, for example. Because of this,

a user must be able to get their entire hand around the grabrail for maximum

support


Imagine a life without toiletsStandard accessible toilets do not meet the needs of up to 200,000 people with a disability

in Australia. Without Changing Places toilets, carers are often forced to change family

members with severe disabilities on the floor of the public toilet. This is dangerous, unhygienic

and undignified. However the alternative is to stay close to home or not to go out at all.

'Changing Places' is a project to advocate for fully accessible toilets with a hoist, changing

bench and plenty of space to be installed in public spaces throughout Australia, including

shopping centres, sports and recreational venues, hospitals and major transport hubs.

Please help us break down this fundamental barrier to social inclusion.

Visit www.changingplaces.org.au for information on how to support

the campaign, build a facility or find a Changing Place toilet.

www.facebook.com/ChangingPlacesAustralia

@ChangingPlacesAUS

Join the movement for toilet equality


©


55. Why are handrails required to be installed at a consistent height on

ramps and stairs?

Handrails must be installed at a consistent height, as it provides a consistent

message of handrail height in relation to the treads and landings. The handrail

must be in a constant position to provide support and stability to assist the user. Any

sudden or unexpected changes in height over the path of travel can impact on a

person's balance or stability.

56. Why must there be clearance between handrails and adjacent walls?

There must be clearance between a handrail and its adjacent wall to allow a user to

comfortably place their hand around the handrail without it being impeded.

57. Why is there a specified minimum clear opening width of 850mm for

doorways?

Doorways have specified minimum clear opening widths of 850mm in order to allow

a range of users of mobility aids to move through them with ease. The A90

wheelchair with a footprint of 1300mm long X 800mm width is the largest aid used

for which the Standards are designed. Assistance animals and other various types

of mobility aids come in a variety of sizes and shapes, therefore specified minimum

clear opening widths are required.

However, the mandated minimum specified clear door opening width of only 850mm

will not cater effectively for larger mobility aids. Consideration should be given to

wider door opening widths that can better cater for larger mobility aids and support

more users.

Doorways, Doors and Circulation Space at Doorways


©


58. Why is there more space required at successive doorways?

More space is required at successive doorways to allow room for a person using a

mobility aid to move through the doorway and close the door behind them, and also

provide enough room for the person to open the forward door and to proceed

through. This is particularly important for spaces where successive doors open

inwards, towards the user. Provision of more space also reduces the risk of a user

in the inner space of an air lock or vestibule being hit by a door opening toward

them.

59. Why are 'D' type lever style door handles required?

'D' type lever style door handles are required as they are usually easier to operate

for people with limitations to functional use of their hands. The return on the 'D' is to

stop a person's hand from slipping off the handle when the latch mechanism is

being used. 'L' type lever hands do not assist one's hand from slipping off the

handle when in the downwards position. Round door knobs can be very difficult to

grasp and turn to operate the latch mechanism for a person who has arthritis, or

lacks fine motor skills. A person without fingers or hands will find them impossible to

grasp, and children may also have difficulty with door knobs, due to their small hand

size.

Often a 'D' style lever handle can be used with an arm or elbow rather than the

need to use a hand, making them more accessible.

60. Why are door controls that can be operated with one hand required?

Door controls must be operable by one hand as some people may not have

functional use of both hands, or may be an amputee or use a wheelchair. Door

controls which can be operated with one hand are much easier to manage for

anyone who is holding goods or a person who may need to grasp an item with one

hand whilst opening the door. e.g. if someone is using a walking stick or frame they

may need to be able to manoeuvre this as well as open the door.


©


61. Why do manual door controls to power operated doors need to be located

next to the path of travel?

Manual door controls for power operated doors are required to be located next to

the path of travel in accordance with the Standard to allow a person ease of access

in an event where electrical power is interrupted and the door does not

automatically open on approach. In addition, if a person who is using a wheelchair

is responsible for locking or unlocking the door, they may need to be able to reach

the controls from a seated position.

If door controls are located in corners or away from the path of travel, it can be very

difficult for a person using a mobility aid, such as a wheelchair, to gain access to the

control, as the circulation space required will not usually be available.

62. Why do power points and switches need to be located at a consistent

height on an accessway?

Locating power points and switches at a consistent height is beneficial for everyone

as it provides a logical expectation of where to find these within a room or building.

People who are blind or with vision impairment will particularly benefit from these

items being located at a consistent height, as they may be navigating by touch,

rather than sight. Knowing that these items are all located at the same height

makes finding them easier.

63. Why is there a need to provide unisex accessible sanitary facilities?

Unisex accessible sanitary facilities are required so that if a person who needs to

use the toilet as a carer of the opposite gender, both can access the facility from a

common area.


Sanitary Facilities

Switches and General Purpose Outlets (Power Points)


©


64. Why do taps that are sensor operated or have lever style handles need to

be provided?

Taps that are sensor operated or have lever style handles need to be provided to

ensure they can be easily used by people who may lack the strength or ability to

turn a knob or capstan style tap. This includes many people with limitations to fine

motor skills such as a person who may have arthritis, limited movement in their

hands, or an amputee.

65. Why must there be a higher than 'regular' toilet pan in an accessible

sanitary facility?

The toilet pan in a unisex accessible facility must be higher than a regular pan in

order to allow people to transfer from mobility aids, such as wheelchairs, where the

seat height is closely aligned to the pan height. A person nearly always will need to

align their wheelchair seat with the toilet pan for ease of transfer.

A higher seat can also make it easier for elderly or people with weaker lower limbs

to stand up.

66. Why must a toilet pan that can take a strong force be provided?

When a person transfers from their mobility aid onto a toilet pan, there can be a

large amount of downward force applied to the toilet pan, as the user may drop onto

the seat. This is most likely to occur if a person is unable to support their weight on

their legs. This force is potentially enough to break a regular toilet pan.

67. Why is a full round toilet seat required?

A full round toilet seat is required to allow a person to sit comfortably on the toilet

pan at a range of different angles. People transfer onto toilets in a variety of ways

and at different angles, and a full round seat can support this.

If a toilet seat with the open front design is used, it can create an uneven surface,

totally unsuitable for frontal transfers causing a person to become off balance. It can

also cause a person's leg to be pinched between the seat and the pan if they are

sitting either sideways or straddling the toilet from the front, and facing the cistern,

when using the toilet. A full round seat will also prevent a person's skin touching the

pan at any point, which could create discomfort.


©


68. Why must there be space provided at each side of the toilet pan?

Space must be provided at each side of the pan to allow for transfer from a mobility

aid onto the toilet from a variety of angles. In addition, space at either side of the

pan will provide leg room for someone straddling the toilet facing the rear wall or

cistern.

Space on the wall side of the pan also provides a point of leverage (where the wall

and floor meet), to assist a person to sit or rise from the toilet if necessary.

69. Why must the toilet pan project further forward of the rear wall?

Often, wheels or handles will protrude from the rear of a mobility aid such as a

wheelchair. Space must therefore be provided at the rear of the toilet pan to allow

users of mobility aids to position themselves next to the toilet for a sideways

transfer aligned with the seat of the pan, with room for the handles or wheels

unimpeded by the rear wall. To achieve this, the pan is positioned further forward

than a standard pan.

70. Why is a backrest required on the toilet?

A backrest is required on the toilet to support a person who may not have the ability

to remain independently upright on the toilet. A person with limitations to muscle

movement or core strength - such as someone with limited upper trunk control or no

trunk control - may have difficulty using the toilet unless they can be supported with

a backrest. In the past they were required to hold onto the side grab rail. The

backrest enables users to support themselves on the backrest and leave both

hands free to do other things as required.

71. Why must the backrest be able to take a strong force of no less than

1100N?

It is expected that the backrest will be utilised by persons of various weight and

therefore must withstand a significant degree of force from a person leaning on it. In

addition, it is expected that it may also be used in a manner similar to a grabrail by

many users.


©


72. Why is a toilet roll holder required to be located very close to the pan?

The toilet roll holder must be located very close to the pan as some people may not

have the ability to lean forward or upward for a significant distance to reach it. In

addition, the need to reach too far or too low can also contribute to a person

becoming off balance and falling off the pan.

73. Why is a minimum specified pan circulation space required?

The minimum pan circulation space is required to allow a person using a mobility

aid to approach the toilet pan from a range of angles, including from the front, side,

and diagonally. A person must also be able to manoeuvre their mobility aid to reach

the basin and additional fixtures and fittings, and be able to exit the facility with

ease.

Adequate space is also required for a person who may have a carer for support, to

be able to assist as required.

74. Why is a washbasin required inside the toilet cubicle?

Washbasins are required inside the toilet cubicle so that a person using toileting

equipment or supports has direct access to water and washing facilities within the

privacy of the toilet space.

75. Why is a shelf required in the toilet cubicle near the wash basin?

A shelf is required in the toilet cubicle near the wash basin to allow personal items,

a person using toileting equipment or supports, to place these down as required

when using the facility.

76. Why must hand dryers, if provided, be very close to the washbasin?

A hand dryer should be provided close to the washbasin so that a person can use it

from the same position in which they used the basin. If the hand dryer is too far

from the basin, a person may have to make contact with their mobility aid (i.e. the

wheels of their wheelchair, which may be dirty), with wet hands. For this reason it is

also preferred that the paper towel dispenser be located close to the basin.


©


77. Why must controls that are proud of surfaces be provided?

Controls that are proud of the surface assist people who are blind or with vision

impairment to locate them. They also provide ease of use for people who lack fine

motor skills or the ability to push a small button with their fingers.

Consideration should also be given to the height of the control mechanism so that it

can be easily reached, as well as the type of control. Small buttons or controls that

require 'pushing' into a recess (e.g. many toilet flush buttons) can be difficult to use

for a person who is an amputee or a person with limitations to fine motor skills.

Control buttons therefore also have a minimum size requirement.

Controls that are the same colour as their background surface can be difficult to

see, particularly for a person who is blind or with vision impairment

78. Why must door controls (or soap dispensers, or hand dryers, or similar

fittings) be located not less than 500mm from an internal corner?

Door controls, soap dispensers, hand dryers, or similar fittings must be located not

less than 500mm from an internal corner in order to allow a person using a mobility

aid easy access. The size of some mobility aids and the circulation space required

to manoeuvre these, will not allow a person to get close to a corner location to

effectively use these fittings.

79. Why are some fixtures allowed within the pan circulation space?

Fixtures such as grabrails and toilet roll dispensers are permitted within the pan

circulation space as they are required to be close to the pan in order to facilitate

effective use.

80. Why do baby change tables need to be installed outside the pan

circulation space?

Generally, baby change tables sit proud of the wall surface when in the closed

position, therefore protruding into the pan circulation space. This can impede a

person accessing the toilet pan as there will not be sufficient space for them to

manoeuvre their wheelchair into the desired position for a transfer to the toilet seat.


©


In addition, baby change tables will often be left in the open position and will create

a significant access barrier to users of the toilet.

If a baby change table is to be installed, care should be taken to ensure that the

room size is big enough to cater for the table in both the closed and open positions,

to ensure it does not encroach on the minimum required pan circulation space. This

may not always be possible.

Consideration could be given to installing the baby change table in a location where

it must be closed in order for a person to exit the facility. This will assist with access.

81. Why do hot water supply pipes under the washbasin need to be covered

by a shroud or be insulated?

Some people, including users of mobility aids, may need to get very close to the

basin, sometimes pressing their legs or torso up against it. If hot water pipes are not

insulated or protected, the user could make contact with potentially hot pipes and

sustain burns.

People who do not have any feeling in their legs are also at risk of burns from

uninsulated pipes.

82. Why are there specific requirements for the height of mirrors?

Mirrors are required to be specific heights so they can be used by all people,

including people who are standing, sitting, people of short stature, and children.

83. Why are there specific requirements for the location of the waste outlet in

a shower?

The waste outlet must be positioned so it drains the maximum amount of water

possible without providing an access barrier to users or allowing a wheelchair to roll

away.

The waste outlet must not protrude above the surface of the shower floor where it

could create a tripping hazard or be located so as to create a steep grade within the

floor.


©


84. Why is there a specific requirement for the gradient of the shower floor?

The gradient of the shower floor must be such that water is able to run off into the

waste outlet, but not be so steep that a person using a mobility aid cannot propel

themselves over it or that their mobility aid can roll or move across it unintentionally.

Also, an excessive gradient/crossfall may also create access challenges for people

with balance issues.

85. Why is a hand-held shower required?

A hand held shower is required to allow a person with limited mobility greater ease

of use and options in manipulating the shower to wash themself.

86. Why is a seat required in a shower?

A seat is required in a shower as some people may lack the ability to stand whilst

showering.

Some people may not have their own waterproof mobility aid, suitable for use in a

shower, and therefore may need to transfer onto a shower seat. This is especially

the case in a public facility. It is important the shower seat is fixed securely to a wall

and incorporates legs that support the seat when in use.

87. Why are taps required at a specific height in a shower?

Taps are required at specific heights in a shower to support use by all people,

including those standing, sitting, people of short stature, and children.

88. Why is the pan circulation space of unisex accessible sanitary facilities

often non-compliant with relevant Australian Standards for access?

Unisex accessible sanitary facilities are often non-compliant because the pan

circulation space is too small. If the floor space of the toilet is the same as that of

the required pan circulation space, then installations such as hand dryers,

washbasins, and soap dispensers will often encroach too far into this space.


©


In addition, if a designer or builder does not allow for the additional space

requirements of plasterboard, render, tiles, and/or skirting boards, the minimum

required pan circulation space will be reduced. The facility will therefore become

non-compliant with relevant Australian Standards for Access and Mobility. Internal

dimensions should be provided from the finished wall surfaces.

89. Why is specified circulation space within the facility of 2300mm X

1900mm (plus the basin area which must be outside this space) required?

The specified circulation space is required to enable access for the A90 wheelchair.

See Figure 1 (b) AS1428.1 (2009). Footprint for an occupied wheelchair is 1300 x

800mm.

90. Why are control heights required to be 900-1100mm above the floor?

Control heights are specified to enable 90% of people with a disability to able to

reach and operate controls within this range.

91. Why is the top of the seat required to be 460-480-mm above the finished

floor level?

This height range matches the seat heights of 90% of wheelchairs used in Australia,

which enables a comfortable transfer without excessive height changes.

92. Why is the toilet seat required to have a minimum 30% luminance

contrast to the background (lid to be removed)?

The toilet seat requires a minimum of 30% luminous contrast to background and

surrounding surfaces so that a person with a vision loss will be able to locate the

pan more easily. However if the floor gives a minimum luminance contrast of 30%

compared to the pan, this is an acceptable alternative performance based solution.

The lid must be removed as backrests are required on the pan.

93. Why must the front of the pan be set out 800-810mm from the rear wall?

The front of the pan must be the specified distance to enable correct alignment of a

wheelchair to carry out a side transfer onto and off the pan.

Sanitary Facilities in accordance with AS1428.1 (2009)


©


94. Why must there be 1400mm clearance in front of the pan (exception being

a basin intruding into this area to a maximum of 100mm) as indicated in

Figure 43.

This clearance is required to enable circulation space to align with the front of the

pan to carry out a frontal or half frontal transfer.

95. Why must a backrest be provided on each pan in accordance with clause

15.2.4 ?

A backrest must be provided to enable people with no or limited upper trunk control

to have stability whilst using the facility and not have to continually hold onto the

grab rail at the side of the pan.

96. Why must there be 1250mm clearance from the pan to the side wall

opposite the side grab rails?

This clearance is required to provide sufficient circulation space to enable a user to

manoeuvre their wheelchair into position to carry out a side transfer.

97. Why must the pan be set out providing 450 – 460mm from the side wall to

the centre line of the pan?

This location allows use of the grab rail to negotiate the transfer onto the pan and

stability when rising up off the pan.

98. Why must the toilet roll holder be located no more than 300mm forward of

the pan at a height of 460 – 700mm on the side wall closest to the pan?

The toilet roll holder must be in this specified location to enable it to be easily

reached whilst on the pan without falling forward off the pan.

99. Why must the flush mechanism be located 600 – 1100mm above the

finished floor level on the rear wall, a maximum of 500mm from the centre line

of the pan, or 600 – 1100mm above the finished floor level on the side wall

(closest to the pan), a maximum of 300mm from the front of the pan?

The flush mechanism must be located in one of these positions to enable ease of

flushing whilst on or off the pan. Depending on how the pan is being used, the flush

button can always be reached.


©


100. Why must there be a minimum of 300mm clearance between the swing

of the door and basin?

This clearance is to enable access to the door latch, operate the latch and open the

door.

101. Why must raised Braille and tactile signage be at the entrance to the

facility on the latch side wall between 1200mm to 1600mm above the finished

floor level, and 50mm to 100mm from the architrave?

This location enables all users to be able to read the sign and know that they are at

the right facility, in particular people with a vision loss.

102. Why must the sign indicate whether a facility is left or right-handed (LH

or RH)?

Some people due to their disability will find it more comfortable to use a left or right

hand transfer onto a pan where more than one unisex accessible pan is available. If

only a LH or RH transfer is available then their Occupational Therapist should have

taught them how to transfer onto the pan via either a frontal or half frontal transfer.

103. Why must grabrails be installed as per Figure 42 of AS1428.1 (2009)

Grab rails are positioned to enable ease of transfer on and off the pan and during its

use. They must be able to withstand a minimum of 1100N pressure from any

direction, which is approximately the equivalent of a person weighting 110Kg

swinging on the grab rail from any direction.

104. Why must 'D' type lever handles be used on doors?

'D' type lever handles must be used to enable people with hand/arm disabilities to

open and close doors without their hand slipping off the handle during the

operation.

105. Why must a privacy latch showing whether a facility is vacant or

occupied with lever handle 45mm in length be used?

The lever handle is to enable people with a hand or arm disability to operate the

door latch.


©


106. Why must there be adequate leg clearance under the basin?

Adequate leg clearance is required to enable knee and toe plate space under the

basin when making a forward approach. Many people due to their disability are

unable to make a sideways approach and turn towards the basin.

107. Why must the controls to the basin be as per Figure 44 (a) AS1428.1

(2009)?

The controls are located within set reach ranges to enable all people to access

controls and operate them.

108. Why must vertical mirror/s be used and not angled mirrors?

Vertical mirrors must be used as many angled mirrors do not allow a person who is

unable to bend down to see their face or top of their head. This is an issue for tall

people with an ambulant disability.

109. Why must a shelf be provided in accordance with clause 15.4.2?

A shelf must be located within reach of a person whilst at the basin to place their

bag on and access its contents.

110. Why must soap dispensers and dryers be provided as per clause 15.4.3?

Soap dispensers and hand dryers must be placed within reach of people in the

seated or standing position. They are required with the operable part 900mm –

1100mm above the finished floor level, e.g. outlet of a paper towel dispenser and

the push button and outlet of an electric hand dryer.

111. Why must the coat hook be at least 500mm from any internal corner and

1200mm – 1350mm above finished floor level as per clause 15.4.4?

The coat hook is located so that all users are able to use it. A person in a

wheelchair may not be able to use both hands/arms, therefore the 500mm set out

from an internal corner is important, as is the height above the finished floor level.

112. Why must an emergency call button (if it is required) be located 600+/-

20mm above the finished floor level in front of the toilet roll holder?

Some people do fall off the pan, in particular those with no or limited upper trunk

control. Positioning of the call button is important to enable ease of access if

someone has fallen.


©


113. Why is it important to consider the installation requirements of a baby

change table?

Whilst not a mandatory requirement, if a baby change table is provided within the

designated accessible toilet, it must it be installed so as not to encroach into any

required pan circulation space when in the closed or permanently open position.

(Often these installations can project from the wall up to 150mm even when closed).

This may mean that the room may need to be larger than the minimum required for

a designated accessible toilet, to allow for the table to be installed without

encroaching on the minimum required circulation space.

Consideration should also be given to installing a table that a user must close

against the wall in order to exit the facility, as this reduces the likelihood of the table

being left in the down position and creating a barrier for a person when entering the

facility.

A baby change table should be mounted at a height that when opened has the top

at no higher than 820mm above the finished floor level and a minimum clearance

underneath of 720mm. The opening mechanism should be between 900mm to

1200mm above the finished floor level.

114. Why is it important to consider the installation requirements of

Changing Places?

Changing Places toilets are designed for people who cannot use standard

accessible toilets. A Changing Place facility must include:

an adult sized adjustable changing table

a ceiling hoist

sufficient circulation space for up to two assistants.

The provision of a Changing Places facility eliminates the need for a person to be

changed on the floor of an accessible toilet, which is often the case if a suitable

facility is not available. Whilst not mandatory, there are several recommended

designs for these facilities. These can be found at www.changingplaces.org.au

115. Why must the sanitary napkin bin be located behind the pan in the

corner and is to be of the “Slim” type?

The bin is to be within 500mm of the pan for ease of use. The bin is to be placed in

the corner behind the pan where it will be accessible from the pan to enable people

using the facility from a frontal transfer position room to place their foot/leg in

between the bin and the pan. Do not place bins in required circulation areas.


©


Sanitary Facilities for People with Ambulant Disabilities

116. Why is an ambulant sanitary facility required in some locations?

An ambulant sanitary facility provides different supports from those found in a

unisex accessible sanitary facility. A person using crutches or mobility aid other than

a wheelchair may require support on both sides of their body as they approach the

toilet pan. An ambulant toilet facility will provide grabrails on both sides of the pan.

This is something which an accessible toilet facility does not provide. Ambulant

toilet facilities also provide support for the growing aged population.

117. Why is a specified space of 900mm X 900mm required at the front of an

ambulant toilet pan?

A specified space is required at the front of the ambulant toilet pan to provide

adequate space for people using mobility aids to manoeuvre, and to use the toilet

whilst supporting themselves using the grabrails provided.

118. Why must the top of the seat be at a height of 460 - 480mm?

The height of the top of the seat is specified for ease of sitting down and rising from

the pan.

119. Why must the set out of the pan be 610-660mm from the rear wall to the

front edge of the pan?

The set out is specified because the ambulant toilet facility is not required to

accommodate a wheelchair next to the pan.

120. Why must 'D' type lever handles be used on doors?

'D' type lever handles are used to enable people with hand/arm disabilities to open

and close doors.

121. Why must grabrails be provided on both sides at a height of 800-810mm

above the finished floor level?

Grab rails are set at an ergonomic height to assist people with stability issues whilst

sitting down or rising up from the pan.


©


122. Why must the toilet roll holder be a maximum of 300mm in front of the

seat, and a height between the top of the seat and 700mm above the finished

floor level?

The toilet roll holder is positioned for ease of access whilst using the facility.

123. Why must a clear circulation space with a minimum of 900mm X 900mm

be provided in front of the pan exclusive of any swing door?

A clear circulation space is required to allow a person using a mobility aid, such as

crutches, to easily access the pan.

124. Why must a coat hook be mounted 1350mm to 1500mm above the

finished floor level on the side wall or back of the door?

The coat hook is located to allow a person who is standing easy access.

125. Why must a privacy latch showing whether the facility is vacant or

occupied be provided with a lever handle 45mm in length?

The lever handle is to enable people with a hand or arm disability to operate the

door latch.

126. Why must securely fixed grabrails be provided around the toilet pan?

Securely fixed grabrails are required around the toilet pan to support users

transferring from their mobility aids onto and off the pan. Some people may use

grabrails to support their entire weight as they move and therefore grabrails and

fixings that can withstand significant weight and a minimum force of 1100N from any

direction are required.

Also, some users may require the support of grabrails for the entire time they are

out of their mobility aid.

The installation of the grabrails utilising appropriate fixings and structural supports

within a wall is critical to ensure the grabrails do not become loose, bend, rotate or

break free from the wall when in use.

Grabrails


©


Assembly Buildings

127. Why are wheelchair seating spaces required in a variety of locations

within assembly buildings?

Wheelchair seating spaces are required in a variety of locations within some

assembly buildings so people using mobility aids can choose their desired viewing

position in the same way as other patrons who do not use mobility aids.

Wheelchair seating spaces must be provided in conjunction with standard seating

spaces so that people using wheelchairs or other mobility aids can sit with family,

friends or carers.

128. Why are DAPBs required?

People with disabilities will require appropriate numbers of DAPBs. These should be located as close as possible to the principal pedestrian entrance of the building, with a continuous accessible path of travel between the parking area and the principal building entrance/s.

A DAPB is required to provide appropriate access for both the driver and passenger to load and unload mobility aids (including wheelchairs) without putting users at risk of being injured by passing traffic. A user will often need to open the vehicle door fully to gain access, so sufficient space must be provided at both the side and back of the DAPB to accommodate a variety of vehicles and loading devices.

Other key access elements include provision of a level ground surface (1:33 on bitumen or 1:40 on concrete surfaces for drainage reasons), appropriate signage, line marking in yellow, kerb ramps, lighting, overhead clearance and accessible type and location of parking payment mechanisms. Shelter where it can be provided assists all users in hot or wet conditions.

Signage located at the entrance to the car park, that in addition to the time limit and number of spaces available, details the number of accessible parking DAPBs available also assists users. Signage also indicates the location of the DAPB.

AS2890.6 - 2009 – Parking facilities Off-street parking for

people with disabilities

Designated Accessible Parking Bays (DAPBs)


©


129. Why is a shared space required next to an off-street DAPB?

A shared space is required next to an off street DAPB to allow a person adequate

space to enter and exit their vehicle in a safe manner out of the line of the oncoming

traffic. Some people may need to transfer to and from mobility aids, a task which

may take some time and cannot be done safely on a roadway. The shared area

provides space for a ramp to be deployed from the vehicle if necessary, in order to

load or unload a mobility aid.

The shared space is also required as some people may have to open their car door

to the fullest extent to get in and out of their vehicle and load or unload mobility

aids.

130. Why is a bollard required in the shared space?

A bollard is required in the shared space to prevent cars parking over the space.

Whilst line marking is required which indicates the shared space is a 'No Standing

Zone', this does not always prevent vehicles parking there. The bollard is a critical

installation to ensure that the space required for effective use is maintained.

131. Why can one shared space be used for 2 DAPBs?

One shared space can be used for two DAPBs as it is not usually expected that two

users of mobility aids, capable of taking up the majority of the shared space, would

be present at the same time. Where multiple DAPBs are installed in a row, the

shared space can be used by either the driver or passenger, depending on the bay

that is chosen for use. There is also the option of reversing into the space to ensure

that the shared space is on the side that is needed.

132. Why is overhead clearance required at a DAPB?

Overhead clearance is required at a DAPB to allow mobility aids to be placed or

hoisted onto or from the roof of the vehicle without any obstruction. In addition,

overhead clearance should also allow sufficient space for doors to be opened on a

vehicle that has upward opening doors.

133. Why does the international symbol of access need to be provided on the

ground?

The international symbol of access must be used on the ground so DAPBs are easy

to identify. Although not mandatory, elevated signs will also assist with identification

of the bay when it is in use.


©


134. Why does a DAPB for parallel parking need to have a minimum length of

7.8m?

DAPBs are required to have a minimum length of 7.8m to allow a person to access

the rear of their vehicle and load and unload a mobility aid. They also need to be

long enough to ensure that another vehicle parked behind the DAPB does not

encroach on the space required for loading and unloading.

135. Why does a DAPB need to be located adjacent to a path of travel?

The DAPB must be located adjacent to a path of travel to provide an uninterrupted,

safe path between the DAPB and a pathway. It will also assist in precluding the

need for a person to travel (often in their mobility aid) along a roadway.

In addition, a person must not be required to negotiate a barrier, such as a kerb

next to the DAPB, when accessing a safe path of travel.

136. Why is a DAPB required to be on a firm, plane, slip resistant surface?

DAPBs need to be located on a firm, plane, slip resistant surface to prevent users of

mobility aids inadvertently rolling toward or away from their vehicle. It is also

required to assist in the prevention of users slipping or tripping.

137. Why should elevated signs be installed at a DAPB?

Elevated signs should be installed at DAPBs to increase ease of identification.

Elevated signs allow people to identify DAPBs from a distance. Some larger

vehicles may cover almost the entire surface of the DAPB and render the

international symbol of access unidentifiable.

138. Why is yellow line marking required around an off-street DAPB?

Yellow line marking assists a user to differentiate between the DAPB and any

'regular' parking bays. The yellow line marking of DAPBs also provides consistency

across all locations throughout Australia.

139. Why do on-street DAPBs need to be wider than 'regular' parking bays?

In much the same way as the shared space is required in off-street DAPBs, on-street DAPBs need to be wider than 'regular' parking bays to allow a person room to enter and exit their vehicle in a safe manner, off the roadway.



©


140. Why is the height and operation of parking payment machines

important?

The height of parking payment machines is important to ensure that they can be

used by the greatest number of people possible. Some people who are required to

purchase parking tickets from parking payment machines may use wheelchairs and

be seated, or may be of short stature. Therefore the height, location and type of

controls will all need to be considered in relation to access.

141. Why should shelter over some DAPBs be considered?

Provision of shelter should be considered over some DAPBs (both DAPB and

'regular' parking bays) because due to factors such as loading mobility aids, old

age, and manipulatory disability, some people may take a longer time than others to

enter and exit their vehicle. This can mean that a variety of climatic conditions may

have a negative impact on users of DAPBs.

For example, if a vehicle is very hot due to it being in the sun for a long period, a

person who may need to lean on the vehicle for stability when moving from their

mobility aid into the vehicle may find they're at risk of a burn. This could be

alleviated if shade is provided.

Conversely, if a person using a DAPB encounters wet conditions at the DAPB, this

may create a slipping hazard.

142. Why is it desirable to identify the number of DAPBs provided at specific

locations?

Providing as much information as possible to the end user is desirable. If people

know how many DAPBs are available at particular sites, congestion can be reduced

by preventing build ups of cars looking for DAPBs in areas where there are few.

It also eliminates the need for users to drive around searching for DAPBs when

none may be provided.


©


143. Why is it preferable to have an alternative to lifts?

Lifts are not generally used by building occupants in a fire and some other

emergency situations. In addition, lifts can breakdown and be rendered inoperable,

so it is preferable to have an alternative such as a ramp, where possible.

Some people will not be able to use a lift due to conditions such as claustrophobia,

where they are unable to be confined in small spaces without significant discomfort.

144. Why is it preferable to have an alternative to stairs?

It is preferable to have an alternative to stairs, as many people who use mobility

aids - including wheelchairs and walking frames, parents with prams, people with

delivery trolleys or wheeled luggage - as well as older adults with stamina

limitations - will not be able (or find it very difficult) to use stairs.

145. Why is it preferable to have an alternative to ramps?

It is preferable to have an alternative to ramps because some people, including

some older adults and people with limitations to their balance, will not be able to

travel easily on sloped surfaces. Stairs may in fact be preferred by some people if

there are readily accessible handrails.

146. Why are stair climbers not appropriate in public buildings?

Stair climbers are not appropriate in public buildings because they do not allow a

person who may be using a wheelchair to stay seated in their wheelchair when

using the stair climber.

A person may be able to use a stair climber to travel either up or down a flight of

stairs, but their mobility aid will remain where they began.

Stair climbers can be useful in a person's own home where they may choose to

have two wheelchairs, i.e. one at the top and another at the bottom of the stairs,

that they can use.

AS1735.12 – 1999 - Lifts escalators and moving walks

– Facilities for persons with disabilities


©


147. Why does audio information need to be provided in lifts travelling three

or more levels?

Audio information needs to be provided in lifts to assist people who are blind or with

vision impairment to identify what floor number they are approaching or have

arrived at, and also to alert them of specific emergency procedures.

148. Why does the 'dwell time' of the door opening of a lift need to be

considered?

The 'dwell time' of the door opening needs to be considered as some people may

move quite slowly into the lift, e.g. older adults.

Also, when lifts become congested, it may take longer for people to enter and exit

the lift car.

149. Why is a mirror on the rear wall of a lift useful?

A mirror on the rear wall inside a lift is useful as it enables a person to enter the lift

forwards and still see the door open and close behind them. This allows a person to

see if there are any obstructions prior to turning around or, if necessary, 'backing'

out of the lift.

Some people may not be able to turn around due to limited mobility, strength, or the

size of their mobility aid.

150. Why is Braille preferred beside lift buttons rather than on lift buttons?

Braille is preferred beside the lift buttons rather than on them because of the way

Braille is read. As a person reads Braille by touch, forward or downward pressure

from a reader's hand must be placed on the Braille. If Braille is located on the

button, potentially each button will be pressed and therefore activate the control.

This could mean that as each lift button is pressed, the lift stops at each floor level

unnecessarily.



©


151. Why is hearing augmentation required in some buildings?

Hearing augmentation is required in some buildings so that people with hearing

impairment, who use hearing assistive devices, are able to hear discussions, events,

presentations

152. Why is hearing augmentation signage mandatory?

Hearing augmentation signage is mandatory where hearing augmentation is

provided, to ensure that a person who needs to use the system is aware that it exists.

In order to use the system, a potential user may need to activate the telecoil switch

(T-switch) on their hearing aid or cochlear implant. If they are unaware the system

has been installed, they may not turn on the switch.

Signage must include information about the type of system in use. Also, if a user is

required to collect a receiver to operate the system, information in regard to where

receivers are collected must be included.

153. Why is the Communication Access Symbol an important consideration for

organisations?

Whilst not yet mandated, the Communication Access Symbol is the newest access

symbol in Australia.

In 2009 Scope's Communication Resource Centre led the development of a symbol

to represent Communication Access.

People with communication disabilities have identified many barriers that exist in our

communities which prevent them from fully participating in community life. They

would like to engage with communities and services where:

people communicate directly with them

they are given time to get their message across

they can use the method of communicating that is suitable for them

To display the Communication Access Symbol, places, businesses and services must

meet specific criteria for communication access. For further information go to

www.scopevic.org.au

Communication Access

AS1428.5- 2010 - Design for access and mobility -

Communication for people who are deaf or hearing impaired


VisAbility is a leading provider in access consultation in Western Australia.Our expert staff provide advice, training and practical solutions in the application of the Mandatory Standards for Access and Mobility.

We work across all areas of disability, specialising in the needs of people living with vision impairment, and our access services assist everyone in the community.

Contact us now to find out how we can help you! Phone 1800 VISION (846 466) or email [email protected].

Individuals Orientation and Mobility training Workplace equipment, training and needs assessments (JobAccess)

Organisations Consultation and advice for building and construction plans Converting printed materials to alternative formats for consumers Consultation and advice for web design, signs, printed materials Training and professional development for service delivery to people with disability

Community Consultation and advice for building and construction plans Advice and consultation to all levels of Government for community access plans


©


By selecting an IATA qualified Access Consultant you can be assured

they have undertaken the appropriate training to operate as an

effective Access Consultant in Australia.

Always ask to see their Certificate of Qualification –

Certificate IV in Access Consulting or Diploma of Access Consulting.

Also ask to see their Certificates of Currency

for public liability and professional indemnity insurance.

For further information regarding qualifications and courses for

Access Consultants go to www.accessinstitute.com.au

Is your Access

Consultant qualified?



To order any of the IATA publications, book training programs or

presentations please contact us.


P.O. Box 255

North Melbourne Victoria 3051

Australia

Tel: (03) 9329 8028

Fax: (03) 9329 8035

Email: [email protected]

Website: www.accessinstitute.com.au

IATA Contact details


©


IATA Online Disability Awareness Training

This online program is great for individuals or staff in organisations that are keen to understand their legal obligations relating to disability access and inclusion. In addition, participants will gain practical tips for improving access and inclusion. The program identifies and dispels myths about disability and supports access and inclusion for everyone. This is an ideal program for staff induction or general awareness raising. Go to www.accessinstitute.com.au for more information

IATA Access Awareness Ebooks

33 Titles Available. Order Ebooks Now. Additional Titles Developed to Order.We have developed a range of Access Awareness Ebooks in response to a need for a simple and concise resource that can be used by a range of organisations who are aiming to improve access to their business, services and premises.

The Ebooks are written in a way that allows a broad understanding of access issues and include an easy to use self assessment checklist that does not intimidate the user. They provide a framework for thinking about and raising awareness of the importance of access for all.

the why's of access - institute of access training ... · pdf fileinstitute of access...

Documents