The War of The War of 18121812

Another War for Another War for IndependenceIndependence

Jefferson’s Indian Jefferson’s Indian PolicyPolicy

• ChooseChoose1. Assimilate and 1. Assimilate and

become farmersbecome farmers

2.2.Move W. of the Move W. of the MississippiMississippi

• Enforced idea that Enforced idea that Americans are the Americans are the enemies and enemies and British can be alliesBritish can be allies

- the British limited - the British limited W. expansionW. expansion

ImpressmenImpressmentt

• British navy British navy forced citizens forced citizens to join the to join the “floating hell”“floating hell”

• Also stopped Also stopped American shipsAmerican ships

• Know as the Know as the “Press”“Press”

• ““Press Gangs”Press Gangs”

• During a six-year period through 1810, the more than 4,500 During a six-year period through 1810, the more than 4,500 sailors the British snatched off American vessels, included 1,361 sailors the British snatched off American vessels, included 1,361 native-born Americans, who were later freed with few apologies.native-born Americans, who were later freed with few apologies.

Chesapeake-Leopard IncidentChesapeake-Leopard Incident

• 1807• US Chesapeake

boarded by British Leopard

• 4 men taken

American American ReactionReaction

• Jefferson didn’t Jefferson didn’t want war!want war!

• Demanded Demanded impressment impressment stopstop

• GB returned 3 GB returned 3 of 4 men of 4 men

• Did not stop Did not stop impressmentimpressment

Fearing attack from Americans they Fearing attack from Americans they strengthened their ties with the Nativesstrengthened their ties with the Natives

British ReactionBritish Reaction

Embargo of 1807

• Jefferson’s idea• Prohibited American ships from going

to any foreign port in the world• Effects

1. Economic depression2. Merchants and ship owners of

NE (Federalists) believed it was unconstitutional3. GB didn’t budge

• Congress ended Embargo right before Jefferson left office

Ridiculed in the press as Dambargo, Mob-Rage, Go-bar-'em

or O-grab-me (embargo spelled backward)

Madison was Jefferson’s Madison was Jefferson’s Sec. of StateSec. of State

44thth President President 1809-18171809-1817

Madison’s electedMadison’s elected

Non-Intercourse ActNon-Intercourse Act• Passed just before Madison Passed just before Madison

took officetook office

• Replaced Embargo ActReplaced Embargo Act

• Re-opened trade with all Re-opened trade with all nations except France and GBnations except France and GB

Macon’s Bill No.2Macon’s Bill No.2• Replaced expired Non-intercourse ActReplaced expired Non-intercourse Act• 18101810• Re-opened trade with France and GBRe-opened trade with France and GB• Allowed President to restrict trade if they Allowed President to restrict trade if they

violated our shippingviolated our shipping- France backed down- France backed down- US placed embargo on GB- US placed embargo on GB- GB repealed it’s blockade of Europe- GB repealed it’s blockade of Europe

William Henry William Henry HarrisonHarrison

TecumsehTecumseh

• Tecumseh tried to unite the tribes against the AmericansTecumseh tried to unite the tribes against the Americans

• W.H. Harrison defeated Prophetstown in the battle of W.H. Harrison defeated Prophetstown in the battle of TippecanoeTippecanoe

• Supplied by the British…Indians continued to raid Supplied by the British…Indians continued to raid

Warhawks demand war!Warhawks demand war!John C. Calhoun Henry Clay

Speaker of the HouseCommittee on Foreign Affairs

• Madison's report to Congress, Madison's report to Congress, recommending war, said,recommending war, said,

• Under the pretext of Under the pretext of impressing British seamen, our impressing British seamen, our fellow-citizens are seized in fellow-citizens are seized in British ports, on the high seas, British ports, on the high seas, and in every other quarter to and in every other quarter to which the British power which the British power extends, are taken on board extends, are taken on board British men-of-war and British men-of-war and compelled to serve there as compelled to serve there as British subjects. In this mode British subjects. In this mode our citizens are wantonly our citizens are wantonly snatched from their country snatched from their country and their families, deprived of and their families, deprived of their liberty, and doomed to an their liberty, and doomed to an ignominious and slavish ignominious and slavish bondage, compelled to fight the bondage, compelled to fight the battles of a foreign country, battles of a foreign country, and often to perish in them.and often to perish in them.

• June 28, 1812• Why?

- British relations w/ Indians on frontier- British impressment of American sailors- British acts at sea- War Hawk influence in Congress

War of 1812 BeginsWar of 1812 Begins

The Capital Burned!The Capital Burned!

• August 24, 1814August 24, 1814• In response to US burning Canadian capital YorkIn response to US burning Canadian capital York

The British The British Burned the Burned the

White HouseWhite House

Burned shell Burned shell of the White of the White

HouseHouse

Dolly Madison Saved the portrait of

Washington and other documents

• Baltimore Baltimore HarborHarbor

• Sept 13, 1814Sept 13, 1814• GB bombed GB bombed

throughout throughout the nightthe night

• Flag still Flag still flying at dawnflying at dawn

• Turning Turning Point!!!Point!!!

The Battle of The Battle of Ft. McHenryFt. McHenry

Francis Scott Francis Scott KeyKey

• On a prison ship, he On a prison ship, he negotiated the negotiated the release of a release of a prisonerprisoner

• Watched the battleWatched the battle

• Wrote a poemWrote a poem

- The Star Spangled - The Star Spangled BannerBanner

Battle of New Orleans• Jan 1815• Andrew Jackson led

- Tennesseans, Kentuckians, Creoles, Blacks, pirates, and army troops

• Americans won• War was already

over!

• Andrew Andrew Jackson Jackson

became a became a national hero national hero due to Battle due to Battle

at New at New Orleans!Orleans!

Hartford ConventionHartford Convention• New England Federalists in response to warNew England Federalists in response to war• Reintroduced idea of nullificationReintroduced idea of nullification• Demanded amendments to Constitution to Demanded amendments to Constitution to

protect New England from South and Westprotect New England from South and West• Wanted to secede from the UnionWanted to secede from the Union• ResultsResults

- E- End of Federalist Party!!!nd of Federalist Party!!!- no demands met > war was already - no demands met > war was already

over over

Members of the Convention Members of the Convention are viewed as British are viewed as British

SympathizersSympathizers

Treaty of Ghent

• Dec 24, 1814• Restored relations

between GB and America to status quo before the war

- restored pre war boundaries

- released prisoners

• Opened land for settlement

• No territorial gains!