The War for The War for IndependenceIndependence

Chapter 4Chapter 4

Parliament Passes TheParliament Passes The

The Sugar Act (1764)The Sugar Act (1764)

Placed duties on importsPlaced duties on imports

Merchants begin to smuggleMerchants begin to smuggle

Colonists were forced to be tried in Colonists were forced to be tried in Royal CourtsRoyal Courts

The Stamp Act (1765) *The Stamp Act (1765) *

A British stamp had to be placed on all A British stamp had to be placed on all legal documentslegal documents

• Quartering Act (1764)Quartering Act (1764)• Colonists must provide shelter for British Colonists must provide shelter for British

ArmyArmy• Sons of Liberty *Sons of Liberty *• Led by Samuel AdamsLed by Samuel Adams• Harassed stamp agentsHarassed stamp agents• Daughters of LibertyDaughters of Liberty• Stamp Act CongressStamp Act Congress• Led by Patrick HenryLed by Patrick Henry• ““No taxation without representation”No taxation without representation”• Colonies begin to work as oneColonies begin to work as one• Boycott on British GoodsBoycott on British Goods• Parliament repeals the Stamp Act (1766)Parliament repeals the Stamp Act (1766)

• Declaratory Act (1766)Declaratory Act (1766)• Parliament passes this act to show their Parliament passes this act to show their

powerpower• It gave parliament the right to make laws in the It gave parliament the right to make laws in the

coloniescolonies• Townshed Acts (1767)Townshed Acts (1767)• Placed duties on imports (Glass, Lead, Tea)Placed duties on imports (Glass, Lead, Tea)• Colonists begin to show unrestColonists begin to show unrest• 4000 British Troops are sent to Boston4000 British Troops are sent to Boston• Boston Massacre (1770) *Boston Massacre (1770) *• Five people are killedFive people are killed• Colonists spread propagandaColonists spread propaganda

• Committees of Correspondence *Committees of Correspondence *• Communication linking the coloniesCommunication linking the colonies• Tea Act (1773)Tea Act (1773)• British East India Company was given British East India Company was given

permission to sell their tea to the colonies free of permission to sell their tea to the colonies free of taxestaxes

• The merchants in the colonies were losing The merchants in the colonies were losing moneymoney

• Boston Tea Party (1773) *Boston Tea Party (1773) *• 15,000 pounds of tea was dumped into the 15,000 pounds of tea was dumped into the

Boston HarborBoston Harbor

• Intolerable Acts (1774) (Coercive Acts)Intolerable Acts (1774) (Coercive Acts)• George III closes Boston HarborGeorge III closes Boston Harbor• Thomas Gage is appointed Governor ofThomas Gage is appointed Governor of• Massachusetts Massachusetts • He places Boston under Martial LawHe places Boston under Martial Law• First Continental Congress (1774)First Continental Congress (1774)• Declaration of colonial rightsDeclaration of colonial rights• Formed MilitiasFormed Militias• Continued the BoycottContinued the Boycott• Promised to meet again if needs were Promised to meet again if needs were

not met not met

• *Battle of Lexington and Concord (1775)*Battle of Lexington and Concord (1775)• Lexington:Lexington:• 8 minutemen are killed8 minutemen are killed• 1 British solider killed1 British solider killed• Concord:Concord:• On the way back from Lexington On the way back from Lexington

4000 4000 • Minutemen opened fire on the Minutemen opened fire on the

BritishBritish

• Second Continental Congress (1775)Second Continental Congress (1775)• Continental Army was formedContinental Army was formed• George Washington is named George Washington is named

commander *commander *• Declaration of Independence is Declaration of Independence is

drafted *drafted *

• Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776)Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776)• T. Jefferson believed humans had an unalienable T. Jefferson believed humans had an unalienable

right to be free (life, liberty, and the pursuit of right to be free (life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness)happiness)

• John Locke (Natural Rights)/Montesquieu John Locke (Natural Rights)/Montesquieu (Separation of Powers)(Separation of Powers)

• They were declaring independence to the worldThey were declaring independence to the world• Committee to draft the Declaration:Committee to draft the Declaration:• Thomas Jefferson (Virginia)Thomas Jefferson (Virginia)• John Adams (Massachusetts)John Adams (Massachusetts)• Roger Sherman (Connecticut)Roger Sherman (Connecticut)• Robert Livingston (New York)Robert Livingston (New York)• Benjamin Franklin (Pennsylvania)Benjamin Franklin (Pennsylvania)

• Four Parts to the Declaration of Four Parts to the Declaration of IndependenceIndependence

• IntroductionIntroduction• Declaration of Rights (Natural Rights)Declaration of Rights (Natural Rights)• List of complaints against the KingList of complaints against the King• Resolution of IndependenceResolution of Independence• Battle of Bunker Hill (June 1775)Battle of Bunker Hill (June 1775)• British attempt to take the hillBritish attempt to take the hill• British finally win on the third attackBritish finally win on the third attack• British lose over 1000 menBritish lose over 1000 men• Colonists lose 300 menColonists lose 300 men

• Olive Branch Petition (July 8, 1775)Olive Branch Petition (July 8, 1775)• Last attempt at peaceLast attempt at peace• George III rejects itGeorge III rejects it• Common SenseCommon Sense• Thomas PaineThomas Paine• A pamphlet written to encourage independenceA pamphlet written to encourage independence• 500,000 copies sold500,000 copies sold• Battle of Trenton (1776) *Battle of Trenton (1776) *• New JerseyNew Jersey• George Washington crosses the Delaware RiverGeorge Washington crosses the Delaware River• Makes a surprise attack on the HessionsMakes a surprise attack on the Hessions• Colonist victory increases moraleColonist victory increases morale

• The Fight for Philadelphia (1777)The Fight for Philadelphia (1777)• British General Howe takes the capitalBritish General Howe takes the capital• Continental Congress has to fleeContinental Congress has to flee• Battle of Saratoga (1777)Battle of Saratoga (1777)• British General Burgoyne marches toward New British General Burgoyne marches toward New

YorkYork• Runs into hard terrain and get held upRuns into hard terrain and get held up• Colonial General Gates and his troops are Colonial General Gates and his troops are

waiting for Burgoyne at Saratogawaiting for Burgoyne at Saratoga• Burgoyne is forced to surrenderBurgoyne is forced to surrender• Patriots gain moralePatriots gain morale• France decides to join the American Cause France decides to join the American Cause

(turning point of the war) (turning point of the war)

• Winter at Valley Forge *Winter at Valley Forge *• PennsylvaniaPennsylvania• Continental Army struggles to stay alive in frigid Continental Army struggles to stay alive in frigid

winter winter • Friedrich Von Struben is brought in to turn the Friedrich Von Struben is brought in to turn the

Continentals into a fighting forceContinentals into a fighting force• Life during the WarLife during the War• PatriotsPatriots• LoyalistsLoyalists• British Blockade British Blockade • Inflation increases (continental was Inflation increases (continental was

worthless)worthless)• Profiteering (price gouging)Profiteering (price gouging)

• Battle of Yorktown (1781) *Battle of Yorktown (1781) *• American and French join forces (Marquis de American and French join forces (Marquis de

Lafayette)Lafayette)• The Continental Army corners the redcoats at the The Continental Army corners the redcoats at the

James RiverJames River• The Continentals bomb Yorktown for 1 monthThe Continentals bomb Yorktown for 1 month• General Cornwallis surrenders to G. WashingtonGeneral Cornwallis surrenders to G. Washington• Treaty of Paris (1783)Treaty of Paris (1783)• The United States of America if officially The United States of America if officially • RecognizedRecognized• America’s borders are set from the Atlantic to America’s borders are set from the Atlantic to • The Mississippi and from Canada to the Florida The Mississippi and from Canada to the Florida • BorderBorder• British troops were to be removedBritish troops were to be removed