the us congress chapters 10 & 12. t he primary duty of congress is to write, debate, and pass...
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THE US CONGRESS
Chapters 10 & 12
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The primary duty of Congress is to write, debate, and pass bills.
The north wing (left) houses the Senate, while the south wing (right) houses the House of Representatives.
US Congress- What is the purpose of Congress? What does Bicameral mean?
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Historic & practical reasons for bicameral Congress.
British Parliament; idea from Britain.
Constitution Convention- Compromise
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113 Congress; as of 2012 Election
Which party controls the House & Senate?
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Congress & Sessions
Sessions- when congress assembles and conducts business of making laws. (One Year) Convenes – when they
begin work in a session Adjourns – suspends work
during a session Recess – short breaks during
a session Special Session – called by
President – emergency 27 in history – Truman’s in
1948 last one
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Congress & Sessions & TermsRecess when Congress takes a break!
Congressmen can be elected over and over again…..
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10.2 - House of Representatives
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Requirements for a Senator
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Elections Every 2 years- Even yearsAll 435 House members; election every 2 years
Elections fall on even years!
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Congressional Elections
Must use a voting booth1st Tuesday
after the first Monday in November
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Every 2 years; 1/3 of Senate seats up for election
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There are many districts in the U.S., states with high populations have more districts.
Every 2 years all 435 House Members are up for election!
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Single Member District; each of the 18 districts elects/votes for one representative.
Media, PA is in the 7th District.
In PA, All 18 Districts have one representative, each one is up for re-election every two years.
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Media, PA- One Rep & Two SenatorsSingle- Member District
Rep. Patrick Meehan
RepublicanTwo Senator: Bob Casey & Pat Tomey
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Compensation- Senators & Representatives
Salary - $174,000 year Speaker - $223,500; VP – $227,300; floor
leaders - $193,400 “fringe benefits” – special tax deduction
for 2 residences Travel allowances, life & health insurances,
pension plan plus Social Security & Medicare
Offices – given one in DC, allowance for ones at home
Franking privilege – signature in place of stamps
Restaurants & gym, parking in DC & at airport
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Several ways congressional districts change
Re-appropriation after a censusGerrymandering
How can Congressional districts change over time?
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US Census & Re-Apportionment of House Members- 2010 Census
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Reapportionment Act of 1929 – set 435 as permanent number of Reps!
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Gerrymandering- 2 main reasons! Gerrymandering – drawn to
the advantage of the political party that controls the state legislature.
1 – concentrate the opposition in as few districts as possible – “packing”
2 – spread the opposition as thinly as possible – “cracking”
Sometimes “kidnapping” – redraw lines to move an incumbent into a district less likely to be reelected
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10.4 - Personal & Political Background
Most are white men in their 50s Growing #s of women, minorities
Most are married with kids and have a religious affiliation
Most are lawyers &/or have advanced degrees
Most are born in the states they represent Most have political experience Most are upper-middle class **is NOT an accurate cross section of
American society
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Voting decisions by Congressmen are usually classified as…
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How can Congressmen vote…
Lawmakers can represent the people as they vote…1. Delegates – discover “what the folks back
home” think and votes the way the people in their district would want
2. Trustees – call issues as they see it using/merits of the issue- their own judgment – can ignore constituents
3. Partisans – votes the way their party votes, even if against will of people in their district
4. Politicos – try to combine all three when deciding how to vote.