The Urinary System

Urine for a Great Time!!!

Function of the Kidneys

• Removes salts and nitrogenous wastes• Maintains normal concentration of

water and electrolytes• Maintains pH• Maintains blood cell production• Maintains blood pressure

What Other Organs Help• Contributing Excretory Organs• Liver– removes hazardous chemicals from the blood.• "detoxifies" the blood• For this reason, alcoholics and other types of

addicts have a higher incidence of liver disease. – Some proteins & other nitrogenous compounds are

broken down in the liver forming a compound call urea

• Lungs– excrete waste like carbon dioxide and water.

• Skin – rids waste from the body through sweat glands

Primary Urinary Organs

• 2 Kidneys– Renal cortex (outer region)– Renal medulla (inner region)– Nephron: functional unit of kidney

• Renal artery/vein: kidney blood flow

• 2- Ureters: urine excretory duct• 1 - Urinary bladder: urine storage• 1 - Urethra: urine elimination tube

Kidneys

• Two reddish organs just above the waist behind the stomach

• Filter the blood and removes waste

Nephron

• each kidney contains about 1 million nephrons-renal corpuscle: composed of a tangled cluster called a glomerulus which filters fluid

• Pathway = glomerulus -» proximal tubulue --» nephron loop (also called loop of henle) --» distal tubule --» collecting duct --» ureter --» bladder

Nephron

• Filtering unit of the kidney

• Blood enters full of waste and leaves filtered

• Blood enters under high pressure and flows into the capillary beds

U-shaped Tubules (Loop of Henle)

• Most of the ions and water

• All of the glucose and amino acids

• Reabsorbed into the bloodstream

• This is how the body’s water is conserved

• Homeostasis is maintained

Urine Formation

• glomerular filtration - urine formation begins, plasma is filtered

• tubular reabsorption - returns most of the fluid to the body - PROXIMAL TUBULE

• tubular secretion - removes what is not needed; produces urine - DISTAL TUBULE

A BIG Filtration system: Nephron

Ureter

• Connects the kidneys to the urinary bladder

Urinary Bladder

• Smooth muscle bag• Stores waste solution - urine

Urethra

• Connects bladder to outside of the body• Allows urine to pass out of the body

Diagram of Urinary System

So what happens if:

• Kidney stones• Cystitis• Kidney infection– Pylonephritis– Glomerulonephritis

• Overactive bladder• Kidney failure

Kidney Stones

Cystitis vs Kidney Infection

• Superficial• Bladder only • Urgency• Burning

• Invasion of kidney and blood stream

• Fever, chills, flank pain• Tenderness• Increased WBC

Overactive bladder

• sudden contractions of the bladder produce sensation of urgency, also more common in women

• Kegal Exercises

Renal Failure

Catheter