The urinary system

KidneyProduce Ultrafiltate •Called Urine

Urine Ureter Urinary bladder Urethra

Function

•Osmoreguration

•Remove metabolic waste

Endocrine function

Erythropoietin - regurate erythropoietic in bone marrow

Rennin - Control blood preesure

Vitamin D – regurate balance calcium

General structure of kidney

Interior anatomy of kidney

- Cortex 1. Convoluted (par convoluta)- Proximal and distal- Renal corpuscle - Interlobular a. / v.- Afferent and efferent arteriole

2. Straight (par radiata)- ascending and descending limbs of loob of henle (straight

tubule)- Collecting duct

Straight medullary rays

Medulla (pyramid) 2. Straight tube-Loop of henle -Vasa recta-Collecting duct

Devide 2 zone1. Outer Zone - Mainly loop of henle (Thick and Thin)

2. Inner Zone (renal pappila) - loop of henle (only thin) - Cappillaries - vessel

vascurature

NephronType of nephron

1. Cortical

2. Juxtamedulla

- Short-looped nephron- long thick segments , short thin segments

- Long-looped nephron- short thick segments , long thin segments

Nephron

NephronConsists of

1. Renal corpuscle

2. Renal tubule

- filtration

- resorption- secretion

Renal Corpuscle

Consists of

1.Glomerulus

2.Bowman’s capsule

- fenestrated capillary- fed by afferent arteriole and drains to efferent arteriole

- double-walled epithelium capsule

Renal Corpuscle

Renal TubuleProximal convoluted tubule

Proximal straight tubule (thick descending limb)

Thin descending limb

Thin ascending limb

Distal straight tubule (thick ascending limb)

Distal convoluted tubule

Collecting tubule

Collecting duct

Filtering apparatus1. Endothelium of glomerular capillaries

2. Glomerular basement membrane

3. Visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule

4. The slit membrane

Juxtaglomerular Apparatusfound between the vascular pole of the renal

corpuscle and the returning distal convoluted tubule of the same nephron.

1. Juxtaglomerular cell - secrete Renin (part of Renin Angiotensis system)

2. Mesangial cells- Chemoreceptors cell : ion concentration

in blood3. Macula Densa

- senses any increase in the sodium chloride concentration in the distal tubule of the kidney

Cortical Nephron - 85% of Nephorn

Juxtamedullary Nephron

- Henle loop longer than Cortical nephron

- Renal corpuscle closer to medulla- Enabling excretion of dilute or

concentrate urine- Vasa recta

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

Proximal straight tubule

Descending Thin Tubule

Ascending thin tubule

Distal straight Tubule

Loop of Henle

Location• In medulla

Content• Descending tubule• Ascending tubule

http://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/ph3-09-solute-and-water-movement/deck/1101248

Loop of Henle

Descending tubule

http://www.lookfordiagnosis.com/mesh_info.php?term=Loop+Of+Henle&lang=1

Function• Reabsorption water

Segment of tubule• Long thin tubule– Simple squamous epithelium

• Short thick tubule– Simple low cuboidal epithelium

Ascending tubule

http://www.lookfordiagnosis.com/mesh_info.php?term=Loop+Of+Henle&lang=1

Function• Reabsorption sodium

Segment of tubule• Short thin tubule– Simple squamous epithelium

• Long thick tubule– Simple low cuboidal epithelium

Thick & Thin segment

Thick & Thin segment

Distal convoluted tubule

http://droualb.faculty.mjc.edu/Course%20Materials/Elementary%20Anatomy%20and%20Physiology%2050/Lecture%20outlines/urinary_system.htm

Location• In cortex

Length• 1/3 as long as proximal tubule

Epithelium• Simple cuboidal epithelium

Function• Ion exchange

Distal convoluted tubule

Distal convoluted tubule

http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/crr/RN008b.htm

Medullary ray• “many tubules of

straight tubule”

Medullary ray

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

• ประกอบด้�วย– Juxtaglomerular cells–Macula densa– Extraglomerular mesangial

cells

Juxtaglomerular apparatus• Juxtaglomerular cells

• Smooth muscle• ส่�วนใหญ่�พบที่�� afferent arteriole• หลั่��ง renin

Juxtaglomerular apparatus• Macula densa

• พบที่�� distal tubule• กระตุ้��นหลั่��ง renin ผ่�าน paracrine activity

เมื่��อ salt concentration แลั่ะ fluid volume ใน distal tubule ลั่ดลั่ง

Juxtaglomerular apparatus• Extraglomerular mesangial cells

- Chemoreceptor cells- Secret erythropoietin

Juxtaglomerular apparatus• Mechanism

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

- กระตุ้��นการด�ดกลั่�บ NaCl แลั่ะ น� า ใน distal

convolutated tubule

- เพ!�มื่ blood pressure

Collecting tubule/duct

• อยู่��ในชั้� น Cortex แลั่ะmedulla

• Cell มื่�ขอบเขตุ้ชั้�ดเจน• Central nucleus • Simple cuboidal

epithelium• เปิ'ดออกที่�� minor calyx• ด�ดน� ากลั่�บ โดยู่การควบค�มื่

ของ ADH

Collecting tubule/duct

Collecting tubule/duct

Papilla

Nerve supply

sympathetic • กระตุ้��น vasoconstriction of afferent ลั่ดการกรอง

• กระตุ้��น vasoconstriction of efferent เพ!�มื่การกรอง

Ureter/Bladder• Mucosa : transitional epithelium• Lamina propria- dense irregular collagen fibers• Muscularis – smooth muscle layer

Ureters : เชื่ �อมต่�อก�บ renal pelvis

Ureter

Urinary bladder

Urethra

• Male : เป�น terminal duct ของทั้��งurinary และ genital systems

• Female : เป�น urinary system เทั้�าน��น

ที่�อปิ*ส่ส่าวะของเพศชั้ายู่ แบ�งเปิ,น 3 ส่�วน1. Prostatic urethra : transitional epithelium2. Membranous urethra : stratified/pseudostratified columnar epithelium3. Penile urethra : pseudostratified columnar epithelium แลั่ะ stratified squamous epithelium

ที่�อปิ*ส่ส่าวะเศหญ่!ง• ส่� นกว�าของเพศชั้ายู่• Epithelium : เปิลั่��ยู่นจาก transitional เปิ,น pseudostratified columnar แลั่ะ stratified squamous

urethra

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