NORSK GEOLOGISK TIDSSKRIFT 38

THE UPPER CAMBRIAN

FAUNAS OF NORWAY

With Descriptions of Non-Olenid Invertebrate Fossils

BY

GUNNAR HENNINGSMOEN

(Paleontologisk Museum, Universitetet i Oslo) .

CONTENTS P age

Introduction and acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

Description of fossils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

Trilobitae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

Agnostus (Agnostus) pisiformis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

Agnostus (Homagnostus) obesus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Agnostus (Homagnostus) rudis holmi . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

Glyptagnostus reticulatus reticulatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Niobella primaeva .. . ... . .... . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Proceratopyge nathorsti .................................... 186 Olenidae (remarks) ....................................... 187

Brachiopoda . . ... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Grusia lenticularis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Eoorthis? sp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

Porifera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Protospongia? sp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

Table l. Invertebrate fossils in the Olenid Series in Norway, stratigraphi-

cally arranged . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

Table 2. Stratigraphic and geographic occurrence of invertebrate fossils in

the Olenid Series in Norway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

Plates 1-7

180 GUNNAR HENNINGSMOEN

Introductions and acknowledgements

The Upper Cambrian fossils in Norway occur in the Olenid Series, a sequence of black bituminous shales (alum shales) with concretions and an occasional layer of black bituminous limestone (stinkstone). The shales crop out in various districts of the Oslo region and in the belt of larger Caledonian overthrusts in southern Norway. The alum shales were easily affected by tectonic disturbances and for this reason it is hard to give the exact thickness of the Olenid Series. It is probably no more than 60 m thick in the districts of the Oslo region where it is most completely developed.

The Olenid Series in Norway is divided into 6 zones. The upper 5 of these embrace 29 subzones, whereas the lowermost zone is un­divided and also is the only unit not based on an olenid. The olenids are by far the most common fossils in this series as a whole, although where they occur, Agnostus pisiformis, A. obesus, and Grusia lenti­cularis may be as numerous as an y of the olenid species, whereas other fossils are rare. In addition to invertebrate fossils, some algae-like structures have also been found.

The present paper includes descriptions of the few non-olenid trilobites and non-arthropod invertebrates known from the Olenid Series in Norway. For descriptions of the olenids, and for details on the Olenid Series, the reader is referred to an earlier pa per (HENNINGS­

MOEN, 1957b). In that paper, there is, furthermore, a discussion on the correlation of the Upper Cambrian successions in the Acado­Baltic and North American provinces. In this connection the writer would like to point out that a trilobite, described by him (1957a) as Taenicephalus? peregrinus from the O len us zone in Sweden appa­rently belongs to the genus Pedinocephalus IvsHIN 1956. This genus was described from an A phelaspis fauna in Kazakhstan, which sup­ports the view that the Olenus zone (or a part of it) may more or less be a correlative of the A phelaspis zone.

The writer wishes to thank Dr. S. Skjeseth for placing at disposal some important material from the northern districts of the Oslo region. Furthermore, the writer is indepted to Miss B. Mauritz for taking the photographs and to Dr. W. C. Sweet for reading the manu­script.

Palaeontological Museum, University of Oslo, August 1957.

THE UPPER CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF NORWAY

Description of fossils.

TRILOBITAE

Family Agnostidae McCoY 1849 Genus Agnostus BRONGNIART 1822

181

Type species:- Entomolithus paradoxus y pisiformis LINNÆUS 1757, designated by MILLER, 1889.

Agnostus (Agnostus) pisiformis LINNÆUS 1757

Pl. 5, figs. 1-12.

1757 Entomolithus paradoxus y pisiformis - LINNÆUS, p. 122 (Short descr.)

1878 Agnostus pisijormis, ANG. - BR6GGER, p. 46, pl. VI, figs. 13a-b. (Rough figs. of cephalon and pygidium.)

1882 Agnostus pisifomis, LINNE - BR6GGER, p. 55. (Remarks.)

1891 Agnostus pisijonnis - ANDERSEN, p. 20. (Recorded.)

1902 Agnostus pisijormis - ScHIØTZ, pp. 5, 63. (Recorded.)

1907 Agnostus pisiformis, LINN. - HoLTEDAHL, p. 14. (Recorded.)

1922 Agnostus pisiformis (L.) - WESTERGÅRD, p. 114, pl. I, figs. 1-3. (Remarks.

Figs. of cephala and pygidium.)

1923 Agnostus pisiformis LDINE - PouLSEN, p. 21, pl. I, fig. l. (Descr. and

fig. of dorsal shield.) 1929 Agnostus pisiformis (L.) - STRAND, p. 356. (Recorded.)

1934 Agnostus pisiformis - STØRMER, p. 333. (Listed.)

1946 Agnostus pisiformis (LINNAEUS, 1757) - WESTERGARD, p. 85, pl. 13, figs.

10-14. (Remarks. Figs. of cephalon and pygidia.)

1947 Agnostus pisiformis - WESTERGÅRD, p. 4. (Suppl. descr. in connection

with descr. of A. obesus.)

For further synonyms, see WESTERGARD (1922) and PoULSEN (1923).

Non 1865 Agnostus BRONGN. pisiformis LINNE - KJERULF ( = A. obesus.)

Type data: - A type specimen should be chosen from Swedish material.

Remarks: - In some cases the ordinary smooth-cheeked cephala are associated with cephala with grooved cheeks, as also observed in Swedish material (WESTERGÅRD, 1922). Where cephala with groved cheeks occur, some of the associated pygidia have pleural lobes which are reticulated or pitted. This ornamentation is most pronounced in smaller pygidia (pl. 5, figs. 7-8). Larval cranidia have a more elongate rectangular outline than the adult cranidia. The illustrated specimen (pl. 5, fig. 12) is the smallest seen in the present material. It measures 0.5 (length) x 0.4 mm (width).

182 GUNNAR HENNINGSMOEN

I have not been able to detect in Norwegian material the sub­species spiniger (DALMAN 1828), which differs in having small but distinct cephalic spines.

Occurrence: - Norway: Brevik-Skien (Rognstrand co re, Om bords­nes, Skrina), Sandsvær (Sandbakk core), Eiker (Krekling, Teigen core, Stablum core, Vestfossen), Oslo-Asker (Teigen at Øyeren), Ringerike (Hval, Viul), Hamar district (Stange, Stensrudbekken), Ringsaker (Evjevika, Steinsvika, Ringstrand, Mælum), Valdres-Vardal (Nerby near Gjøvik), Østerdalen (Kakeldå). - Zone of Agnostus pisiformis (2aa). Alone or associated with O len us alpha and Proceratopyge nat­horsti. - Sweden (same horizon and also in the upper part of the underlying Middle Cambrian zone of Lejopyge laevigata), Denmark, Great Britain?, Nova Zemlya, Canada.

Subgenus Homagnostus HowELL 1935

Type spccies: - Agnostus pisiformis (LIN.) var. obesus BELT 1867, by original designation.

Agnostus (Homagnostus) obesus BELT 1867

Pl. 5, figs. 13-16.

1865 Agnostus BRONGN. pisiformis LINNE - KJERULF, p. 2. (Listed.) 1867 Agnostus pisiformis, LIN. var obesus - BELT, p. 295, pl. XII, figs. 4a-d.

(Descr. and rough figs. of two dorsal shields.) 1878 Agnostus n. sp. - BR6GGER, p. 62. 1880 Agnostus pisiformis var. socialis - TULLEERG, p. 25. (Descr.) 1882 Agnostus pisiformis LINN., var. socialis, TuLLEERG - BROGGER, p. 56,

pl. I, figs. 10a-b. (Descr. Figs. of cephalon and pygidium.) 1890 Agnostus pisiformis Lem E var. socialis TuLLEERG - POMPECKI, p. 15,

pl. IV, figs. 24, 24a-b. (Descr. Figs. of cephalon and pygidium.) 1898 Agnostus pisiformis var. socialis- BJØRLYKKE, p. 12. (Recorded.)

1901 Agnostus pisiformis v. socialis TULLE. - MuNSTER, p. 24. (Recorded.)

1906 Agnostus pisiformis (L.), var. obesus, BELT- LAKE, p. 9, pl. I, figs. 13-14. (Descr. Figs. of 2 dorsal shields. A. p. socialis is claimed to be a synonym.)

1907 Agnostus pisijormis, LINN. var. socialis TULLE. - HOLTEDAHL, p. 14.

(Recorded.) 1922 Agnostus pisiformis obesus BELT - WESTERGARD, p. 116, pl. I, figs. 4a-b.

(Descr. Fig. of dorsal shield. According to WESTERGARD, 1947, figs. 5-6

are of A. obesus laevis WESTERGARD 1947.)

1923 Agnostus pisiformis LINNE var. obesus BELT - PouLSEN, p. 22, pl. I, fig.

2. (Descr. copied from TULLEERG, 1880. Fig. of pygidium.)

THE UPPER CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF NORWAY

1929 Agnostus pisiformis obesus BELT - STRAND, p. 356. (Recorded.)

1934 Agnostus pisiformis obesus- STORMER, p. 333, (Listed.)

183

1935 Homagnostus obesus (BELT) - HowELL, p. 15, figs. 11-12. (Erects Homag­

nostus. Figs. of cephalon and pygidium from Sweden.)

?1939 H omagnostus cf. obesus (BELT) - WHITEHOUSE, p. 261, pl. XXV, figs. 17, 18? (Figs. of cephalon and pygidium.)

1947 Agnostus (Homagnostus) obesus BELT - WESTERGARD, p. 3, pl. I. figs.

10-11. (Remarks. Figs. of cephalon and pygidium.)

Type data: - One of the specimens from the Lower Lingula Flags of Wales, figured by BELT (1867), should be chosen as lectotype.

Remarks: - The Norwegian specimens agree well with the British and Swedish material. The axis of the pygidium may vary from the typical tumid and wide type (pl. 5, fig. 14) to an almost pisiformis­like slender type. Some well-preserved Swedish specimens (pl. 5, figs. 15-16) show that the outer surface of the test is minutely punctate. I have found no specimens in Norwegian material of the subspecies laevis WESTERGÅRD 1947, which was described from the zone of Parabolina spinulosa in Sweden.

Occurrence: -Norway: Brevik area (Rognstrand core, Saltboden core), Sandsvær (Holmesli, Krogsrud), Eiker (Krekling, Stablum core, Teigen core), Oslo-Asker (Gamlebyen in Oslo, Teigen at Øyeren), Ringerike (Hval), Valdres-Vardal (N. Gausdal, Torpa, Tonsåsen), Ringsaker (Evjevika, Ringstrand, Båshus), Østerdalen (Toten).-Zone of O len us and H omagnostus o bes us (2af3). Alone, or associated with Olenus gibbosus, O. truncatus, O. wahlenbergi, or O. attenuatus in their respective subzones.

BRoGGER (1882, p. 56) stated that A. pisiformis var. socialis ( = A. obesus) also occurs with Para bolina spinulosa. Most pro ba bly this statement is based on a find in Ekeberg-svingen, Gamlebyen in Oslo. The find consists of three pieces of stinkstone, kept in a box with a label from BRoGGER's time. On this label is written the locality and "2b. Agnostus pisiformis, Linn. var. socialis, Tullberg med [ =with] parabolina spimtlosa, Wahl." Both species are present, but Parabolina spinulosa occurs alone in one piece of stinkstone which differs lithologically from the two other pieces with A. obesus only. The latter does not belong to the subspecies laevis, and it seems pro bable that samples from two different horizons have been mixed together.

184 GUNNAR HENNINGSMOEN

- Sweden (same zone. Subspecies laevis in the overlying zonc of

Parabolina spinulosa), Denmark (same zone), Great Bfitain (same horizon), Australia?

Agnostus (Homagnostus) rudis holmi WESTERGÅRD 1922

1922 Agnostus rudis Holmi n. var. - WESTERGARD, p. 118, pl. I, figs. 13-16.

(Descr. Figs. of cephala and pygidia.)

1939 Agnostus rudis var. holmi (WESTERGARD) - KoBAYASHI, p. 168. (Assigned

to Geragnostus.)

1947 Agnostus (Homagnostus) rudis holmi \VESTERGARD- WESTERGARD, pp. 5,

22. (Generic reference.)

Type data:- As lectotype I select the pygidium figured by \VESTER­

GÅRD, 1922, pl. I. figs. 15a-b, from Råback, Kinnekulle, Vaster­gotland, Sweden.

Remarks: - Only a single cephalon has been found in �orway. Occurence: -Norway: Eiker (Lunde near Vestfossen). - Zone of

Peltura minor (2df3), subzone of Parabolina lobata. Associated with Parabolina lobata and Peltura scarabaeoides westergårdi. - Sweden (same subzone and the underlying subzone of Peltura scarabaeoides).

Genus Glyptagnostus WHITE HOUSE 1936

Type species: - Clyptagnostus toreuma WHITEHOUSE 1936 ( ='

Agnostus reticulatus ANGELIN 1851, according to WESTERGÅRD, 1947, p. 6), by original designation.

Glyptagnostus reticu{atus reticulatus A�GELIN 1851

Pl. 5, fig. l 7.

Non-Norwegian literature before 1947 see \VESTERGARD, 1947.

1882 Agnostus reticulatus, ANG. - BROGGER, p. 57, pl. I, figs. lla-b. (Remarks. Figs. of cephalon and pygidium.)

1901 Agnostus reticulatus ANG. - MDNSTER, p. 24. (Recorded.)

1929 Agnostus reticulatus ANG. - STRAND, p. 356. (Recorded.)

1947 Glyptagnostus reticulatus (ANGELIN) - WESTERGÅRD, p. 5, pl. I, figs. 1-6. (Remarks on species. Figs. of cephala and pygidia.)

THE UPPER CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF NORWAY 185

Type data:- As lectotype I select the cephalon figured by WESTER­

GÅRD, 1922, pl. I, fig. 2, one of ANGELIN's cotypes from Andrarum, Scania, Sweden.

Remarks:- The few Norwegian specimens agree with the Swedish ones. The subspecies C. reticulatus nodulosus WESTERGÅRD 1947 has not been found in Norway.

Occurrence:- Norway: Ringerike (Hval, Viul), Ringsaker. - Zone of Olenus (2a{J), subzone of Olentts gibbosus. Alone or associated with Olenus gibbosus. - Sweden (same subzone and subzone of Olenus truncatus), Denmark (Olenus zone), Great Britain (Lower Lingula Flags), U.S.A. (Alabama), Canada (British Columbia), Australia ( Queenslan d) .

Family Asaphidae BURMEISTER 1843

Genus Niobella REED 1931

Type species: - Niobe homfrayi SALTER 1866, by original designa-1ion.

Niobelta primaeva WESTERGÅRD 1909

Pl. 6, figs. 1-9.

1909 Niobe primaeva n. sp. - WESTERGÅRD, p. 52, pl. I, figs. 23, 24? (Descr.

and figs. of incomplete cranidium and associated pygidium.)

?1909 Megalaspis n. sp. - WESTERGÅRD, p. 53, pl. I, fig. 25. (Descr. and fig.

of small pygidium.)

1922 Niobe primæva WESTERGÅRD - WESTERGÅRD, p. 180, pl. Il, figs. 23, 24?, not figs. 25-26. (Remarks. Figs. copied from WESTERGÅRD, 1909. Figs. 25-26 are of Niobella aurora, according to \;VESTERGÅRD, 1939.)

?1922 Megalaspis sp. - WESTERGÅRD, p. 180, pl. I, fig. 29. (Remarks. Fig. copied after WESTERGÅRD, 1909.)

1939 Niobe [Niobella ?] primaeva WESTERGÅRD- WESTERGARD, p. 8. (Remarks.)

1947 Niobella primaeva (WGARD. ) - WESTERGARD, p. 26. (Listed.)

Type data: - The type material, described by WESTERGÅRD (1909), comes from the Acerocare beds at Sandby, Scania, Sweden.

Remarks:- The type material of Niobella primaeva unfortunately is rather fragmentary. It seems probable that the present material belongs to this species, also because it occurs at the same horizon. According to \VESTERGÅRD (1939, p. 8), the slightly older Niobella

186 GUNNAR HENNINGS:\WEN

aurora differs i.a. in ha ving a less angulate anterior margin. Apparently the present material resembles N. aurora in this respect. However, the pygidium differs from that of N. aurora in having distinct pleural furrows.

A small cranidium (pl. 6, fig. 4) shows a glabellar node. A small pygidium (pl. 6, fig. 5) resembles somewhat a pygidium (associated with N. primaeva) assigned by WESTERGÅRD (1909, pl. I, fig. 25) to M egalaspis n. sp. Also a larval pygidium (pl. 6, fig. 6) occurs in the present material. The associated hypostomes are of the Niobella type. The smaller orre illustrated (pl. 6, fig. 8) resembles closely that of N. aurora, whereas the larger (pl. (J, fig. 9) has a more pointed posterior border.

Occurence: - Norway: Oslo-Asker (�ærsnes), Nes-Hamar (Røne shale quarry). - Zone of Acerocare (2dc:), subzone of Acerocare ecorne. Associated with Acerocare ecorne, Parabolina acanthura, and Pelturina punctifera. - Sweden (same horizon).

Family Ceratopygidae RAYMOND 1913 Genus PToceratopyge W ALLERIUS 1895

Type species: - P. conifrons WALLERIUS 1895, by monotypy.

Proceratopyge nathorsti WESTERGÅRD 1922 Pl. 7, figs. 2-3.

1922 Proceratopyge Nathorsti n. sp. - \VESTERGARD, p. 120, pl. 2, figs. 3-5. (Descr. and figs. of pygidia.)

1947 Proceratopyge nathorsti \VESTERGARD - \VESTERGARD, p. 10, pl. 2, figs.

2-7. (Suppl. descr. Figs. of axial shield, free cheeks, cranidium, and pygidia.) 1957b Proceratopyge nathorsti - HE:-;rNINGSMOEN, p. 101. (Recorded.)

Lectotype: - The pygidium figured by WESTERGÅRD, 1922, pl. 2, fig. 3, designated as holotype by WESTERGÅRD, 1947, p. 10.

Remarks: - A few more or less complete free cheeks and pygidia and a small fragment of a cranidium all agree well with this species, first described from corresponding beds in Sweden. The illustrated pygidium is especially similar to the lectotype pygidium.

Occurrence: -Norway: Ringsaker (Mælum). - Zone of Agnostus pisiformis (2aa). Associated with Agnostus pisifonnis and Olenus alpha. -Sweden (same zone.)

THE UPPER CAMBRIAN FAU�AS OF NORWAY 187

Family Olenidae BuRMEISTER 1843.

Plates 1-4.

Remarks:- The reader is referred to an earlier paper (HENNINGS­

MOEN, 1957b) for descriptions of the Upper Cambrian olenids occur­ring in Norway. The drawings of olenids reproduced in plates 1--4 are copied from that paper, but are here arranged according to genus.

In the same paper, the collecting data for the holotype of Pel­turina punctifera given in the description of the species (l.c., p. 250) are incorrect; - the correct data are those in the explanation of plate 28, figure 3. Furthermore, the name Leptoplastus crassicorne (l.c., p. 167 a.o.) should have been Leptoplastus crassicornis.

BRACHIOPOD A

Family Billingsellidae WALCOTT & ScHUCHERT 1908

Genus Grusia W ALCOTT 190'5

Type species: - A nomites lenticularis W AHLENBERG 1821, by original designation.

Grusia lenticularis (W AHLENBERG 1821)

Earlier non-Norwegian references, see WALCOTT, 1912, or PaULSEN, 1923.

1857 Atrypa lenticularis DALM. - KJERULF, p. 92. (Listed.)

1865 A trypa lenticularis DALl\1. - KJERULF, p. l, p. 3 (fig. 7). (Recorded. Rough

figs. of dorsal and ventral valves.) 1879 Atrypa lenticularis- KJERULF, pl. XIII (=VI) . (Listed.) 1882 Grthis lenticularis, W AHLENB. - BROGGER, p. 48. (Remarks.) 1912 Grusia lenticularis (WAHLENBERG) - WALCOTT, p. 765, pl. XCVIII,

figs. l, la-p, 2, 2a-k, 3, 3a-b, 6, 6a-c. (Descr. and figs. showing variations.) 1923 Grusia lenticularis, WAHLENBERG - PaULSEN, p. 55. (Remarks.) 1929 Grusia lenticularis (WAHLENB.) - STRAND, p. 356. (Recorded.) 1934 Grusia lenticularis- STøRMER, p. 333. (Listed.)

Type data: - One of WAHLENBERG's speomens from Sweden should be selected as type spesmen.

Remarks: - As discussed and illustrated by WALCOTT (1921), this species shows variations in the form of the shell and in the surface ornamentation. This is true also of the Norwegian material.

188 GUNNAR HENNINGSMOEN

Occurrence: - Norway: Skien-Brevik (Saltboden core), Sandsvær (Sandbakk core, Gjøgrefoss), Eiker (Stablum core, Kårtveit, Krekling), Oslo (Karl Johans gate, Akersgaten, Tøyen, Gamlebyen), Modum (Fure), Ringerike (Viul, Hval), Nes-Hamar (Stange), Ringsaker (Evje­vika), Østerdalen (Øksna). - Zone of Parabalina spinulosa (2b). Alone, or associated with Parabalina spinulasa ± Pratapeltura aciculata ±

Prataspangia? sp. - Sweden (same zone), Denmark (same zone), Eastern Canada (same zone), Great Britain (Upper Lingula Flags).

Genus Eaarthis WALCOTT 1908

Type species: - Orthis remnicha WrNCHELL 1886, by original designation.

Eaarthis? spp.

Pl. 7, fig. l.

Remarks: - Three orthids possibly referable to this genus have been found at different levels in the upper part of the Upper Cambrian in Norway:

A single ventral valve, with a length of 4.7 mm and a restored width of 5.6 mm from the zone of Peltura scarabaeaides, lower part (2dy), at Slemmestad (Oslo-Asker district). It is associated with Pel­tura scarabaeaides scarabaeoides.

An impression of a tiny valve (2 mm long) from the zone of Peltura scarabaeaides, upper part, subzone of Parabalina lobata (2dr5 lab.), from Vestfossen in Eiker. It is associated with Peltura scara­baeaides westergårdi.

A small ventral valve (3 mm long) from the zone of Aceracare, subzone of Peltura castata (2ds east.), from Vestfossen in Eiker. It is associated with Peltura castata and Parabalina heres.

Orthoid brachiopods are also recorded from the zone of Peltura in Sweden by WESTERGÅRD (1944, p. 32).

THE UPPER CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF NORWAY

PORIFERA

Class Hyalospongea VosMAER 1886

Order Lyssakida ZITTEL 1877 Family Protospongiidae HINDE 1887

Genus Protospongia SALTER 1864 Type species: - Protospong1:a fenestrata SALTER 1864.

Protospongia? sp.

Pl. 7, figs. 4-6.

1929 Protospongia fenestrata SALTER - STRAND, p. 356. (Remarks.)

189

1vf atcrial: - The material consists of a great num ber of isolat ed spicules, preserved as calcite in bituminous limestone.

Description: - The spicules are pentacts with 4 rays forming a cross and the 5th ray normal to these at their junction. The four rays are slightly curved towards the side of the shaft ray, giving the spicule a somewhat umbrella-like shape. The rays are round, very slender, and decrease slowly in size distally, but are somewhat swollen at their junction. The rays reach a length of at least 10 mm. The shaft ray appears to be as lang as the others.

Discussion: - The spicules are of same interest because pentacts have not heretofore been known in protospongiids. Thus DE LA UBENFELS

(1955, p. E68) remarks that "seemingly, pentact and hexact spicules had not yet evolved". Apparently the present spicules belong to a

new species, probably also to a new genus. However, as lang as the shape of the skeleton is not known, it seems better not to erect any new names.

Occurrence: - Norway: Ringsaker (Evjevika, Steinsodden). -Zone of Parabolina spinulosa (2b). Alone, or associated with Parabolina spinulosa and Orusia lenticularis.

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ar.

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sp

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lin

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f C

ten

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e l

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t. f

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pc

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h.

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nu

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s, O

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sus,

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no

stu

s o

be

sus

l Olen

us

alp

ha

, A

gn

ost

us

pis

ifo

rmis

, P

roc

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top

yg

e n

ath

ors

ti

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n f

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.

..., P:: rr1 e "d

"d rr1 ;o () ;>­ is: td ;o H ;>- z >r, ;>­ e z ;:.. (fJ o "rj z o � ;>- >< 1-'

'..0

1-'

192 GUNNAR HENNINGSMOEN

'fable 2. STRATIGRAPHIC A:KD GEOGRAPHIC OCCURENCE OF INVERTEBRATE

FOSSILS IN THE 0LENID SERIES IN NORWAY

Fossils Horizon

Trilobitae Olenidae

Olenus alpha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2aa

attenutatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2a{J att.

gibbosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2a{J gibb.

transversus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2a{J gibb.

truncatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2a{J trunc.

wahlenbergi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2a{J wahl.

Parabolina acanthura . . . . . . . . . . . . 2dc ecor.

brevispina . . . . . . . . . . . 2b brev.

heres heres . . . . . . . . . . . 2dc: cost. -trans.

heres lata . . . . . . . . . . . . 2dc: \Vest.

lobata lobata . . . . . . . . . 2db lob.

lobata praecurrens . . . . 2db Job.

megalops . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2då parad.

mobergi . . . . . . .. . . .. . . 2df3 sim. spinulosa ............. 2b spin.

Leptoplastus angustatus . . . . . .. . . 2c ang. . . ? crassrcorn1s . . . . . .. . . _c crass.

crassicornis var. . . . . . 2c ovat.

neglectus . . . . . . . . . . . 2d� negl.

norvegicus . . . . . . . . . 2c crass.

ovatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2c ovat.

raphidophorus . . . . . . 2c raph.

stenotus . . . . . . . . 2c sten.

Eurycare brevicauda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2c ovat.

explanatum . . . . . . . . . 2c ovat.

latum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2c ovat. -ang.

Ctenopyge (Eoct. ) angusta . . . . . . . 2d{3 spect.

drytonensis . . . . 2da flag.

flagellifera . . . . 2da flag.

modesta . . . . . . 2d{J sim.

postcurrens . . . . 2da poste.

(Mesoct. ) erecta . . . . . . 2d{3 sim.

similis . . . . . . 2d{3 sim.

Districts h

-;; fB � > 'D ·;; ifJ h 'D h <Il � Q) � Q) Q) 'D h

� Q) h oj � � � Q) Cil f:Q Ul ifJ El •>:: � ifJ �

<Il h <Il Q) 'D � � ::1 Q) Q) <Il ifJ h h Q) Q) ..s 'D blJ 'D s bi) 'D Q) ;Q � o � <Il <Il � -;; .....,

� ifJ

cz cz ifJ

Ul o ;:g :r: :r: > 0

-+ + +

++--+ + + + +-+ ++­+--

+ T

+ + +

-+ + +

-+----+ +---­

+---+ -+­

++++++-+ + -+++--++ -++---++

---+ ++----+ + + + ++-+-+++

+---+--­+------­

++ --­-+- --++---+++--++--

+-------+-----

+++ ----+ ---­

+---+--­+-----­

+-+---- --

THE UPPER CAMBRIAN FAUNAS OF NORWAY 193

Table 2, cont.

Fossils Horizon

Ctenopyge (Mesoct. ) spectabilis . . . 2df3 spect.

« << tumida . .. . . 2df3 turn.

<< << turnidoides . . 2df3 spect.

<< (Ct.) affinis affinis . . . . 2df3 aff.

<< << affinis gracilis . . . . 2df3 aff.

<< << bisulcata . . . . . . . . 2dy bis.

« « fletcheri . . . . . . . . . 2dy linn.

<< << linnarssoni . . . . . . 2dy linn. « << pecten . . . . . . . . . . 2dy linn.

Sphaerophthalrnus alatus . . . . . . . . . 2df3 tum. -aff.

<< hurnilis . . . . . . . . 2dy bis.-linn.

<< majusculus . . . . . 2dy bis. -linn.

Protopeltura aciculata pusilla . . . . . 2b spin. << bidentata . . . . . . . . . . . 2df3 sirn. << broeggeri . . . . . . . . . . . 2da broeg.

<< holtedahli . . . . . . . . . . . 2da holt.

<< planicauda . . . . . . . . . . 2df3 turn.

<< praecursor . . . . . . . . . . 2da negl. -flag.

Pel tura acutidens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2df3 turn. « costata .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2de cost. << minor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2df3 turn. -aff. << paradoxa ................ 2d(J parad. � scarabaeoides scarabaeoides 2dy bis. -linn. << scarabaeoides westergårdi . . 2d(J lob. << transiens . . . . . . . . . . .. ... 2de trans.

Acerocare ecorne . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . 2de ecor.

Pelturina punctifera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2de West. -ecor.

Acerocarina granulata . . . ... . . . . . . 2d(J parad. ? « micropyga . . . . .. . . . .. 2de trans. ?

Westergårdia interrnedia . . . . . . . . . . 2de West.

<< lata . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . 2de \Vest.

« scanica . . . . . . .. . . . . . 2de \Vest.

Districts .... 8d Cd

.;.: > '"O ·s: Ul ..... '"O .... ..... cd 1::: <I.l 1::: <I.l <I.l '"O � .;.: <I.l <I.l .... cd .;.: 1::: .;.: Cd f:Q u; Ul s ·.: ro .... VJ � <: <I.l � cd cd <I.l '"O .... ;:l VJ ..... ..... o <I.l .9 '"O bO '"O s 0.0 '"O <I.l ;Q .;.: o .s cd cd 1::: Cd ....

� "'

� "'

<fl o :;;s p:: ::G ::G > Q

--+ -- - -+ --- - + --+ - -----+ -- - -+ ----+ - --- - ----+----+-----+--------+-+-------+--------+--+-----++++++-++­++++++++++ --+++-+++--++-++------+--------++---------+---------+-------+++------­--+----+---++----+---++-+---+----+------++++++++++ -++--------+ +---------+---------+--------+----------+---------+---------+----+----+-------

194 GUNNAR HENNINGSMOEN

Table 2, cont.

Fossils

Agnostidae

Agnostus (Agnostus) pisiformis . . . . .

(< (Homagnostus) obesus . . . .

<< « rudis holmi

Glyptagnostus reticulatus . . . . . . . . .

Asaphidae

Niobella primaeva • • • • • • • • o • • • • • •

Cera topygidae

Proceratopyge nathorsti • • • • • o • • • o

Brachiopoda Eoorthis? sp.

Eoorthis ? sp.

Eoorthis? sp.

• o • • • • • • • • • • • • • • o • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • o • • • • • • •

• • • • o • • • • • • • • • o • • • • •

Orusia lenticularis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Porifera Protospongia? sp. • • • • • • • • o • • • • • • •

Horizon

2aa

2afl gibb. -att.

2do lob.

2afl trunc. ?

2ds ecor.

2aa

2ds cost.

2do lob.

2dy

2b brev. -spin.

2b spin.

REFEREKCES

� . > <J.) ... � � <J.)

:_;; [f)

+ + --

-

-

---+

-

... æ > en

'V ... � <J.) ro �

[f) en -< " <J.) .9 �

� ø

o

+ + + + + -- -

- +

- -

+ -+ -- + + +

- -

District

-;;; 'V .... ro

<J.) 'V ... � � <J.) �Cl � s ·�.:: ro ... en ro <J.)

::l <J.) Q) ro Ul .... 'V bl) 'V s bl) 'V o �Cl ro ro c: Cd

� C2 ;g ::::: ::::: >

- + - + + -1--- + - + + + - - - -- - -- + - -- + -

- - - + - -

- - - - + -

- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -+ + - + + --

- - - --- + -

ANDERSEN, ] . C. , 1891: En nyfunden flek af primordial i Hennungbygden,

Grans prestegjeld. - Norges geo l. unders. , Aarbog for 1891, pp. 19-21.

Kristiania. [Oslo].

BELT, TH. , 1867: On some new Trilobites from the Upper Cambrian Rocks of

Xorth Wales. - Geo!. Mag. , IV, pp. 294-295, pl. XII. London.

BJØRLYKKE, K. 0., 1898: Geologisk kart med beskrivelse over Kristiania by.

- Norges geo!. unders. , 25, pp. 1-86. Kristiania [Oslo].

BRoGGER, \'V. C., 1878: Om paradoxidesskifrene ved Krekling. - Nyt Mag. for

�aturvid. , 24, l, pp. 18-8S, pls. I-VI. Kristiania [Oslo].

1882: Die silurischen Etagen 2 und 3 im Kristianiagebiet und auf Eker.

Universitatsprogram fiir 2. Sem. 1882, pp. I-VIII, 1-376, pls. I-XII.

Kristiania [Oslo].

� <J.) Cd 'V ... <J.) ...,

Ul

IS)

+ + ----

--

---

+

-

THE UPPER CAMBRIA� FAU�AS OF NORWAY 195

HENNINGS�WEN, G. , 1957a: A Trilobite with North American Affinities from

the Upper Cambrian of Sweden. - Bull. Geol. Inst. Uppsala, XXXVII

(also Publ. Palæont. Inst. Univ. Uppsala, no. 16), pp. 167 -172, pl. I.

Uppsala.

1957b: The trilobite family Olenidae. Whit description of ::\orwegian

material and remarks on the Olenid and Tremadocian Series. - Skr.

utgitt av Det �orske Vidensk.-Akad. i Oslo, I Mat.-Naturv. Kl. 1957,

no. l, pp. 1-303, pls. 1-31. Oslo.

HoLTEDAHL, 0., 1907: Alunskiferfeltet ved Øieren. - Korges geol. unders. 45

(Aarbog for 1907), Y, pp. 1-17, l pl. Kristiania [OsloJ.

HowELL, B. F. , 1935: Some New Brunswick Cambrian Agnostians. - Bull.

\\'agner Free Inst. Sei. , 10, no. 2, pp. 13-15, l pl. Philadelphia.

IvsHIN, N. K. , 1956: Upper Cambrian trilobites of Kazakhstan (in Russian),

pt. l. - Akad. Xauk Kazachskoj SSR, Inst. geol. nauk. Pp. 1-98, pls.

I-IX. Alma-Ata.

KJ ERt:LF, TH., 1857: Ueber die Geologie des siidlichen Norwegens. - Nyt Mag. for

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1865: Veiviser ved geologiske Excursioner i Christiania Omegn. - Univ.­

program 2. Halvaar 1865, pp. I-1\-, 1--43. Christiania [Oslo].

1879: Udsigt over det sydlige Norges geologi. Atlas. Pls. I-XXXIX.

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Tokyo, sect. II, V, 5, pp. 69-198, l table. Tokyo.

LAKE, PH., 1906: A JYionograph of British Cambrian Trilobites. - Palæonto­

graphical Soc., 60, pp. 1-28, pls. I-II. London.

LAUBENFELS, l\1. \\'. DE, 1955: Porifera. - Treatise on ]nvertebr. Paleont., pt.

E (Archaeocyatha and Porifera), pp. E21-El12. Lawrence, Kansas.

LrNNÆUS, C., 1757: Iter scan. (Not available to the author.)

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196 GUNNAR HENNINGSMOEN

WALCOTT, CH. D., 1912: Cambrian Brachiopoda. - U.S. Geol. Surv., Monogr.

LI, pp. 1-872 (pt. 1) , pp. 1-363, pls. I-CIV (pt. 2) . Washington.

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granslager med sarskilt hansyn till i Skåne forekommande bildningar.

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- Sveriges geol. unders., Ser. C. , no. 489, pp. 1-34, pls. 1-3. Stockholm.

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pp. 179-282, pls. XIX-XXV. Brisbane.

Manuscript received August 28, 195 7.

Printed August 1958.

PLATES 1-7

PLATE 1

�

A� ....._ r

OLENU S WAHLE N BE RGI

/ =

r�o �

NU�CATUS

;::J�M r PA�OLINA SP l N·ULOSA

� f]�� Oll�OBERGI

o�o l • P�OL I N A LOBATA

@ �

p� LA lA

(J� �R�OLINA HERE� HERES 11@ 0AR:BOLINA HERES PARABOLINA ACANTHURA

@ • �

Olenidae: Oleninae. (C. x 2)

LEP TOPLASTUS NORVEGICUS

LEPTOPLASTUS CRASSICO RNIS

LEPTOPLASTUS ANGUSTATUS

•

�-"' l ' .... ' ..... .,

LASTUS STENOTUS

�

EURYCARE LATUM

PLATE 2

LEPTOPLASTUS INTERMEDIUS

ø� ( ""'""i.'"""'""''"'

LEPTOPLA STUS OVATUS

E. EXPLANATUM EURYCARE BREVICAUDA

� V

Olenidae; Leptoplastinae l. (C. x 2)

PLATE 3

E ANGUSTA

EOCTENOPYGE ~ ~

( E.' POSTCURRENS

MESOCTENOPYGE

Aft!L C PECTEN

CTENOPYGE

M. TUMIOOIOES ~c@! f re~ l . es; M. ERECTA

'!@

orlT~ ~~. (( ~ BISULCATA ' C.

SPHAEROPHTHALMUS

S. MAJUSCULUS

9

Olenidae; Leptoplastinae 2. (C. x 2)

PLATE 4

;Cf@ PROTOPELTURA ACICULA TA PUSILLA

'®' PROTOPELTURA BROEGGERI

PROTOPEL TURA PLAN l CAUDA

~

~ ~

LTURA BIQENTAfA

~

P:~~ P:~. ~~ .. ~ ~ ~

v~WJ Vtfilig PELTURA ACUTIDENS P. SCARABAEOIOES SCARABAEOIOES

~ V

ACEROCARINA

A GRANULATA

rr~g (/~M V ~ PELTURA MINOR

P"d:t A MICROPYGA

PEL! URA SCARABAEOIDES WESTERGÅRDI <®

~ a /7__Jr.~\l_ WESTERGÅRDIA ~~

(5~ W SCANICA

~

a:P ti@ INTERMEDIA W LA TA

~

PELTURINA

PUNCTI FERA

Olenidae; Pelturinac. (C. x 2)

ACEROCARE ECORNE

PLATE 5

The photographs are not retouched. The specimens were whitened with

ammonium chloride.

All X 6.6

Agnostus (Agnostus) pisiformis Lr;:o.;�lETs 17 57 - p. 181

2aa. Mælum, Ringsaker. Coll.: S. Skjeseth, 1949.

Fig. l. \Yell -sized smooth cephalon (P.l\I.O. no. 66765).

Fig. 2. Well-sized smooth pygidium (P.:\I.O. no. 66763).

2aa. Skårås, Yalset, �es-Hamar. Coll.: S. Skjeseth, 1950.

Fig. 3. Smooth cephalon (P.l\1.0. no. 67761a), showing '.vell the posterior

border.

Fig. 9. Smooth pygidium (P.:.\I.O. no. 67761d), showing well the marginal

spines.

Fig. 10. Smooth pygidium (P.:.\I.O. no. 67761b).

Fig. 11. Thoracic segment (P.l\1.0. no. 67761c).

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig. Fig.

Fig.

2aa. Stensrudbekken, just east of Stensrudtjernet, .'\es-Hamar.

4.

5.

6.

7. 8.

12.

Coll. S. Skjeseth, 1950.

Cephalon (P.l\1.0. no. 67864b) with grooved cheeks.

Cephalon (P.:M.O. no. 67864a) with almost smooth cheeks.

Cephalon (P.:.\I.O. no. 67854a) with faintly grooved cheeks.

Small pygidium (P.:.\I.O. no. 67864d) with reticulated pleural areas. Small pygidium (P.l\I.O. no. 67854b) with reticulated pleural areas.

Larva! cephalon (P.l\1.0. no. 67864c) with grooved cheeks.

Agnostus (H omagnostus) obesus BELT 1867 - p. 182

2a(3. The alum shale quarry, Gamlebyen, Oslo. Old collection.

Fig. 13. Cephalon (P.l\1.0. no. 61458a).

Fig. 14. Pygidium (P.l\I.O. no. 61+58b).

Trolmen, Yastergi.itland, Sweden (for comparison). Coll.: G. Henningsrr..oen,

1956. Zone of Olenus, subzone of Olenus gibbosus.

Fig. 15. Cephalon (P.l\1.0. no. A 27157).

Fig. 16. Pygidium (P.l\I.O. no. A 27158).

Gl) ptagnostus rcticulatus reticulatus A::-<GEL!!-; 1851 - p. 184

2af3. Ringsaker. Coll. Th. l\Iiinster, 1879.

Fig. 17. Pygidium (P.:.\J.O. no. 30214). Figured by BROGGER, 1882, pl. I,

fig. llb.

PLATE 5

PLATE 6

The photographs are not retouched. The specimens were whitened with

ammonium chloride.

Niobella? primaeva WESTERGARD 1909 - p. l X5

2dc. I\øne shale quarry, Løyten, �es-Hamar. Coll.: S Skjeseth, 1954.

Fig. l. x 3.6 Pygidium (P.:Vl.O. no. 69312).

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 4.

Fig. 5. Fig. 6.

Fig. 7. Fig. 8.

Fig. 9.

2dc. Beach at �ærsnes gård, Røyken, Oslo-Asker. Coll.: G. Hennings­

moen and N. Spj eldnæs, 1954.

x 3.3. Frontal part of cranidium (P.M.O. no. 69319)

x 3.3 Pygidium. Latex east of P.M.O. no. 69320.

x 6.6 Small cranidium. Latex east of P.l\1.0. no. 69321.

x 6.6 Small pygidium (P.lVI.O. no. 69322).

x 6.6 Larva! pygidium (P.M.O. no. 69323). x 6.6 Pleuron (P.M.O. no. 69324) (Light from below).

x 6.6 Small hypostome (P.M.O. no. 69318a).

x 6.6 Hypostome (P.M.O. no. 69318b).

PLATE 6

PLATE 7

The photographs are not retouched. The specimens were \vhitened with

ammonium chloride.

Eoortlzis) sp. - p. l Kl-: 2dy. Beach north of Slemmestad, Eøyken, Oslo-Asker. Coll.: T. Strand, 192S.

Fig. 1. x 6.o P.M.O. no. 29550.

Proceratopyge nathorsti \\"EsTERc;.\Rll 1 CJ22 - p. l K6

2aa. 1\Lrlum, Ringsaker.

Fig. 2. X o.3 Pygiclium (P.M.O. no. 66763). C oil.: S. Skjeseth, 1 ')49.

Fig. 3. x 6.3 Free cheek (P.:VI.O. no. 3024'!). Coll.: \\". C. Briigger.

Protospmzc:ia? sp. - p. 1 S'J 2b spin. Steinsoclclen, Ringsaker. Coll.: S. Skjeseth, 19+9.

Fig. 4. x 13.2 To the left a spicule seen from the shaft side (!'.1\'l.O. no.

o9325a). Only the base of the shaft ra y is present. To the right another

spicule (69325b) seen from the other end. The proximal parts of the

four rays are missing, thus revcaling where the shaft ray penetrates

the rock.

Fig. 5. x 13.2 Spicule (o9325c) secn from shaft-lcss end.

Fig. 6. x 13.2 Spicule (69325cl) seen from the shaft side. Only the base of the shaft is preservecl.

PLATE 7