the universe
DESCRIPTION
The Universe. The Universe is…. All matter, including earth, galaxies, and intergalactic space. Big Bang. An idea about how the universe could have formed. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Universe
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The Universe is…..
• All matter, including earth, galaxies, and intergalactic space.
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Big Bang• An idea about how the universe
could have formed.
• The Big Bang Theory says that the universe was originally a dense ball of matter. An explosion occurred and all matter is moving outward from the center and is still moving outward and expanding today.
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Evidence for the Big Bang Theory
• Doppler Effect- Expansion of the Universe
• Microwave Radiation- energy that is given off by all objects in space. The energy could be left over from the Big Bang.
• Quasars- old objects at the edge of the universe.
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Doppler Effect• The Doppler Effect is the apparent
change in wavelength of light or light or soundsound when an object is moving towards or away from you.
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How the Doppler Effect Works• If a train comes towards you, its sound
waves get compressed and get shortershorter. You hear a higher pitch. If it moves awayaway from you, the wavelength stretchesstretches, and you hear a lower pitch.
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The Doppler Effect also applies to light
• If an object in space is moving towards us, its wavelength shortens, and the light shifts towards the blue end of the color spectrum.
• If an object is moving away from us, its wavelength lengthens, and the light shifts towards the red end of the color spectrum.
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Shorter- moving towards us
Longer- moving away from us
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What the Doppler Effect shows us…Matter in the universe has a RED SHIFT,
which shows it is moving away from us. Therefore, it appears that the universe is expanding. The Big Bang could have caused this expansion.
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What do Quasars indicate….• If the Big Bang really
happened, the oldest objects should be at the edge of the universe.
• Quasars are very old objects that give off large amounts of energy located at the edge of the Universe.
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Galaxies• After the Big Bang, GravityGravity attracted
objects to each other, and they clumped together to form GALAXIES.
• There are three types of Galaxies: Spiral, Elliptical, and IrregularSpiral, Elliptical, and Irregular.
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Spiral Galaxies• Have spiral shapes. Contain lots of lots of
dust and gasdust and gas between stars.
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Elliptical Galaxies• Shaped like a
footballfootball.
• “Clean” galaxies: Very little dust and gas.
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Irregular Galaxies• Have no
specific shape. Contain some dust and gas.
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Hubble Telescope• Hubble telescope a telescope that orbits
the earth outside our atmosphere.
• It provides us with many of the images we have of space.
• It is an especially useful telescope because it does not have to view things through our atmosphere
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• The Milky Way
Our Sun is just a small star in its main sequence among millions of other stars in our galaxy!!!
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Jupiter Crab Nebula
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The Sombrero Galaxy - 28 million light years from Earth - was voted best picture taken by the Hubble telescope.
It has 800 billion suns and is 50,000 light years across
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The Ant Nebula, a cloud of dust and gas who resembles an ant when observed using ground-based telescopes. The
nebula lies within our galaxy between 3,000 and 6,000 light
years from Earth
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This picture is called Eskimo because it looks like a face surrounded by a furry hood. The hood is, in fact, a ring of comet-
shaped objects flying away from a dying star.
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Cat's Eye Nebula
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The Hourglass
Nebula, 8,000 light years
away, has a pinched-in-the-
middle look because the winds that
shape it are weaker at the
center
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• Cone Nebula The part pictured here is 2.5 light years in length (the equivalent of 23 million return trips to the Moon)
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• The Perfect Storm, a small region in the Swan Nebula, 5,500 light years away, described as 'a bubbly ocean of hydrogen and small amounts of oxygen, sulphur and other elements'
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• Starry Night, so named because it reminded astronomers of the Van Gogh painting. It is a halo of light around a star in the Milky Way
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• The glowering eyes from 114 million light years away are the swirling cores of two merging galaxies called NGC 2207 and IC 2163 in the distant Canis Major constellation
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• The Trifid Nebula. A 'stellar nursery', 9,000 light years from here, it is where new stars are being born
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International Space Station
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