the united states in the 1840’s
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The United States in the 1840’s. Ms. McCarthy 8 th Grade Social Studies. 1. Pull Factor 2. Push Factor. -Attracts people to move to a place -Forces people to move away from a place. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
THE UNITED STATES IN THE 1840’S
Ms. McCarthy8th Grade Social Studies
1. Pull Factor
2. Push Factor
-Attracts people to move to a place
-Forces people to move away from a place
A/B Writing:Write, defending the statement you believe to be true. There
is no “C” or “both” option!
A BThe Mormons
moved to Utah because of push factors.
The Mormons moved to Utah because of pull factors.
Manifest Destiny
IDEA THAT THE UNITED STATES SHOULD EXPAND ITS TERRITORY FROM THE ATLANTIC TO PACIFIC OCEAN
The Northeast Industrial Revolution
More factories more jobs more people
1860: New York City > 800,000 peoplePhiladelphia > 500,000 people
Factories Working Conditions:
In 1840, the average workday was 11.5 hours
HOT because of machines working, no air conditioning
Dangerous because of the new machinery and the willingness of factory operators to allow people (even children) to stick their hands in to fix
No laws regulating working conditions
Factories Unions:
Trade unions – organization of workers of the same trade (job) or skill
Strikes – refusing to work to put pressure on employer to make changes
In most places it was illegal to strike Massachusetts made it legal to strike in
1842 Many factory owners refused to hire
people belonging to unions
Immigration
Irish About 1.5 million Irish immigrants came
to the U.S. between 1846 and 1860 Reason: potato famine – food shortage Men: worked in factories or did manual
labor – many built the canals and railroads of the North and Midwest
Women: worked in factories or as servants
Settled mainly in Northeast
Immigration German
About 1 million immigrated to U.S. between 1848 and 1860
Reasons: economic opportunity and because of the Revolution of 1848 (March Revolution)
They had more money than the Irish, so they took better jobs and made more profit in the U.S.
Settled in the Mid-Atlantic and Great Lakes regions
Nativists Most immigrants before 1840 were
English or African Some Americans did not want the new
immigrants in the U.S. Blamed disease and crime in the cities
on immigrants Did not believe in Catholic religion
(Irish= Catholic) Formed political party called the “Know
Nothings”
Ticket Out Define the three types of white Southern
farmers.
Has your conception (picture) of the American South changed at all? How? Or, why not?
Conditions of Slavery Read the statements about slavery, and
highlight one from each section that makes you think.
Conditions of Slavery Slaves lived in small cabins with dirt
floors Most slaves had families, but those
families were not recognized by law 1808- Slave trade outlawed
After, all new slaves born as slaves in U.S.
Kept some of culture – music, clothing, dance
Many became Christian b/c message about heaven
Slave Codes Laws that aimed to limit rebellion
They made it illegal for: Anyone to teach a slave to read or
write Slaves to meet in large groups Slaves to leave a master’s property
without written permission
Human Rights
rights that are considered universal to humanity, regardless of citizenship, residency status, ethnicity, gender, or other considerations.
Civil Rights• rights guaranteed to U.S. citizens and residents
by legislation and by the Constitution
Abolition abolitionists - people who worked to
abolish, or _____, slavery
American Colonization Society Virginia 1816 Bought slaves to free them Intention to send them to colonize another
land 1822 began sending groups to settle in
Liberia 1847 Liberia became an independent country Between 1822 and 1860 roughly 12,000 to
20,000 people went to Liberia Did NOT limit slavery
William Lloyd Garrison From Massachusetts, went to Baltimore The Liberator was his anti-slavery newspaper One of the first whites to totally denounce
slavery Garrison started these anti-slavery groups: 1832 - New England Anti-Slavery Society 1833- American Anti-Slavery Society In 1838, Garrison's anti-slavery societies had
more than 1,000 chapters (local branches)
Grimke Sisters
Sarah and Angelina Born in South Carolina on a plantation Witnessed slavery firsthand Moved to Philadelphia in 1832 Convinced mother to leave them slaves
as their inheritance sisters freed the slaves
Angelina and her husband Theodore Weld
Wrote American Slavery As It Is in 1839
Collection of first-hand stories of slavery
Very Influential
Frederick Douglass Runaway slave from Maryland Settled in Massachusetts Finally settled in New York As a runaway, he could have been captured and
returned to his master at any time Self-taught: reading, writing Began the Massachusetts Anti-slavery Society Had an anti-slavery news paper called the Northstar Bought his freedom in 1847 Travelled to London and the West Indies to speak
out against slavery
Southern Opposition to Abolition
- It threatened their way of life- slave labor made the South wealthy- whites in the South very cultured as a result
- Argument that slave owners treated slaves better than factory owners treated wage workers
- Racism - many whites thought they were superior to Africans
Northern Opposition to Abolition
- Argument that African Americans would never become part of the rest of society
- Worry that free African Americans would take jobs
-1830s - mob tried to hang William Lloyd Garrison
-Abolitionist in Illinois, Lovejoy, was killed by a mob-his newspaper press was set on fire, then he was shot as he tried to escape
Look Familiar?What is this quote?
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.
Women’s MovementGroups of people with the aim to increase
women’s rights in the United States.
Lucretia Mott Quaker
Lectured on temperance (prohibiting alcohol), peace, workers' rights, and abolition
Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society
Elizabeth Cady Stanton Met Lucretia Mott in London
Wanted women's suffrage - the ability to vote
Seneca Falls Convention 1848 in Seneca Falls, NY First Women's Rights Convention 200 women and 40 men attended Called for:
end to laws that discriminated against women allow women in all-male trades suffrage
Suffrage: Mott thought it was too radical; Stanton and Frederick Douglass pushed for it to be included in the Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions
The Declaration included women's suffrage
Susan B. Anthony Daughter of Quaker abolitionist For: women's rights and temperance For: college for women, coeducation, and
equal pay 1851 met Stanton, they worked together
from then on
Accomplishments Wyoming - 1st state to allow women to vote in
1890 19th Amendment to the Constitution (women’s
right to vote) 1920 New York, Pennsylvania, Indiana, Mississippi,
Wisconsin, and California -recognized a woman's right to own property
Some states allowed guardianship of children to women
Indiana -1st state to allow a woman to apply for a divorce
only if the husband was an alcoholic