Slide 1Missouri, circa 1874
Marie Stopes, British birth control advocate
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The Victorian Coalition
Anti-pornography and social purity advocates
Religious leaders
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The “Comstock” Act of 1873
“Act of the Suppression of Trade In, and Circulation of, Obscene Literature and Articles of Immoral Use”
Prohibits sending of obscene literature through the mails
Defines birth control information as obscene
Comstock appointed assistant postmaster to enforce the law
Anthony Comstock
Victoria Woodhull
Advocate of women’s suffrage and “free love”
First person to publish Marx/Engels’ “Communist Manifesto” in the United States
Ran for President of the United States, 1872
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The United States from 1877 to 1914
Right: Dr. Turner and graduate students at the University of Wisconsin; below: Meredith college graduates, 1903; below right: two new Ph.D.’s from the University of Chicago
The United States from 1877 to 1914
Dr. Edward Clark
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How is your health?
78 percent said good health
17 percent said bad health
5 percent said fair health
Marion Talbot in her later years
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William Rainey Harper
Pioneered in co-education schooling
The Pragmatists
Rejected both Social Darwinism and Marxism
People need to learn how to change their minds –John Dewey
John Dewey
The United States from 1877 to 1914
The United States from 1877 to 1914
Pragmatism is a “future-oriented instrumentalism that tries to deploy thought as a weapon to enable more effective action.” – Cornell West
Below: DuBois’ Philadelphia Negro and Alain Locke’s The New Negro
The United States from 1877 to 1914
Lewis Terman on women’s IQ, 1917
“There is no evidence of any wider range of intelligence among boys, such as has been commonly supposed to exist . . .
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Jane Addams and Mary Rozet Smith
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The invention of homosexuality
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For much of nineteenth century homosexuality is tolerated, but . . .
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Steeplechase Park, New York
Freud, Lectures on Psychoanalysis, 1909
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Max Eastman
The Armory Show, 1913
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Margaret Sanger
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Emma Goldman