the united states and the soviet union emerge as the dominant world powers after world war ii
TRANSCRIPT
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The United States and the Soviet Union emerge as the
dominant world powers after World War II
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SOME EFFECTS OF WWII
• Germany is split into four occupation zones- each zone administered by the USA, France, great Britain, and the Soviet Union
• The war-time alliance begins to break apart at the Potsdam Conference–No free elections in Poland declared
by Stalin
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The Wartime Alliance Breaks
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The Policy of Containment• Truman Doctrine 1/12/1947
– US should prevent the spread of communism– Aid for Turkey and Greece
• Marshall Plan 1947– Aid to European nations including former
Axis powers– Trade and economic cooperation in conflict
with communism
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ALLIANCES CREATED• North Atlantic Treaty Organization
–Alliance of Western Democracies–United States joins
• Warsaw Pact–Alliance between the
Soviet Union and its satellite nations in Eastern Europe
–Communist
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HOT SPOTS IN THE COLD WAR- KOREAN WAR
• 38th Parallel set up two zones of occupation after WWII –North: Krazy Kommie Despots–South: Hundai v. Honda
• South – Republic of Korea–Syngman Rhee–Capital : Seoul
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Korean War Continued• North of the 38th -
• Democratic People’s Republic of Korea– Kim Il Sung
– Communist
• Both claimed the right to rule Korea
• 1948 USA and USSR withdraw
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KIM IL SUNG AND KIM JUNG ILAKA CRAZY COMMIE DESPOTS
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SYNGMAN RHEE
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Korean War Cont…• North Korea attacks South Korea; June
25, 1950• US sends naval and air support to
South Korea – limited war• General MacArthur fired by
President Truman• UN Security Council supports South
Korea• Armistice 7/27/1953
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I am closing my 52 years of military service. When I joined the Army, even before the turn of the century, it was the fulfillment of all of my boyish hopes and dreams. The world has turned over many times since I took the oath on the plain at West Point, and the hopes and
dreams have long since vanished, but I still remember the refrain of one of the most
popular barrack ballads of that day which proclaimed most proudly that "old soldiers
never die; they just fade away ."
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Vietnam War
• US sends advisors after French withdraw upon defeat at Dien Bien Phu
• Kennedy administration sends advisors
• Johnson administration escalates involvement– Tonkin Gulf Resolution after
destroyer Maddox attacked
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Vietnam War Cont…• Tet offensive – Vietcong attack
urban centers – US only scores a strategic win
• Americans at home–War cannot be won-
withdraw–Political activism on
campus–“Living room war”
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Vietnam War Cont…
• Nixon administration introduces Vietnamization –
• 1970 – Invasion of Cambodia– Congress war powers usurped– Kent State University
• 1/27/1973 Official cease-fire agreement signed
• March 1975 Saigon falls
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OTHER HOT SPOTS OF THE COLD WAR
• Berlin Air Lift 1948-1949
• Bay of Pigs Invasion 1961
• Cuban Missile Crisis 1962– 65 medium range ballistic
missiles installed by Soviets in Cuba
– Kennedy – firm stand – dismantle or the US bombs – threat of nuclear war
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NUCLEAR ARMS RACE
• Policy of Massive Retaliation
– John Foster Dulles 1956
– Greater dependence on nuclear weapons less on ground troops
– Creation of the military industrial complex – produce nukes
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RED SCARE OF THE 1950’S• Fear of subversion by communists in
the USA
• Loyalty checks after Canadian government workers pass A-Bomb secrets
• McCarran Internal Security Act– Truman veto overridden
• Spy Cases – Alger Hiss and Ethel and Julius Rosenberg
• McCarthyism 1950-1954
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End of the Cold War• Soviet economy precarious in 1980’s• Ronald Regan increases military
spending to an all-time high– Pressure on the Soviets via arms race– Create instability in Eastern Europe
• Soviets are forced to adopt Glastnost– Opened up economy- capitalism– Hoped to alleviate unrest and maintain
military spending
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Fall of the Soviet Union
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Fall of the Soviet Union• 1989, satellite nations
forced democratic elections
• Berlin Wall comes down• East & West Germany
reunited• Warsaw Pact ends• Yeltsin comes to power
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The Berlin Wall 1961-1989
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END OF THE COLD WAR
• Economic pressures and nationalistic unrest in Satellite countries – Soviets lose control
• Berlin Wall dismantled 1989
• Communist Party loses control 1991- Boris Yeltsin elected