the tundra biome. northern most land biome the tundra biome- abiotic coldest biome on earth less...
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The Tundra Biome
The Tundra Biome
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Northern Most Land Biome
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The Tundra Biome- AbioticColdest Biome on EarthLess than ten inches of Rain each YearSoil is permanently frozen- Permafrost
Soil is Nutrient- poorSummer Season is under 10 degrees FahrenheitWinter Season averages –30 degrees Fahrenheit
Strong Winds- make temperatures very cold and low diversity of life
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Cotton Grass Field in Tundra
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Plant Life
Artic Moss
Lichen
Artic Willow
Cotton Grass
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Plant Adaptations
Most of the plants are small, grow close together and close to the ground. This protects them from the cold temperatures and the strong winds
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Some flowering plants have fuzzy coverings on the stems, leaves and buds to provide protection from the wind. Some have woolly seed covers.
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Other Plant AdaptationsOthers are dark colored so the plants can absorb more solar heat.
Only the top layer of soil thaws out so plants have shallow roots.
Small leaves help the plants retain moisture.
Lichen and some mosses can survive on bare rock
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Plant Life
Artic Moss
Lichen
Artic Willow
Cotton Grass
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Animals
Artic Fox
Caribou
Polar BearMusk Ox
Snowy Owl
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Animal Adaptations
Long Thick Fur
Migration- Caribou, birds, and others
Short Legs- (Many Rodents in the Tundra)
Small activity during the winter
Camouflage- Artic fox and snowy owl
Store up food
Large amounts of Fat to stay warm
Underground Tunnels- Under Snow to stay warm
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http://www.marietta.edu/~biol/biomes/images/taiga/taiga_500.jpg
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Coniferous Forest- Abiotic Factors
Long cold winters, short mild summers.
Moderate amount of Rainfall
Frozen Soil for several months keeps plants from getting water.
Artic Winds create temperatures that stay under 50 degrees for most of the year.
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Plant life in the Coniferous Forest- Biotic Factors
Conifer–ous Forest- “Cone –bearing plants”
Plants include- Pines, evergreens, spruce, etc. Adaptations-
Cone shape of tree and long thin needles prevent snow accumulation Don’t lose leaves and have to grow new ones (use less energy)Less rainfall than the deciduous forest- long thin needles means less surface area to lose waterThick Bark that conserves water loss.
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Picture taken by Ms. B
http://www.ourbc.com/travel_bc/bc_cities/yellowhead_hwy/photos/terrace/cedar_tree_01_640.jpg
http://www.babble.com/CS/blogs/strollerderby/2008/01/08-15/redwood-forest.jpg
http://sprucetreesforsale.com/williams_spruce_trees001005.jpg
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AnimalsBlack Bears, Wolves, Foxes, Eagles, Bobcats
Adaptations: ?
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Animals
Black Bears, Wolves, Foxes, Eagles, Bobcats
Adaptations:
Thick fur
Hibernation
Birds migrate where food is more available and climate is warmer.
Store up food during warmer seasons
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http://www.wildabouttheworld.com/gallery/data/505/Brown-Bear.jpg
http://www.lindaslearninglinks.com/beavers3.jpg
http://www.smouse.force9.co.uk/fa_elk.jpg
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Tundra
Taiga
Amount of Precipitation
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Tundra
Taiga
Yearly Temperatures
in Celsius.
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Succession in Ecosystems
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I. Succession-
a series of changes in a community in which new populations of organisms gradually replace existing ones
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A. Primary succession-
colonization of new sites by communities of organisms – takes place on bare rock
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Primary succession-
New bare rock comes from 2 sources:
1. volcanic lava flow cools and forms rock
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Primary succession-
New bare rock comes from 2 sources:
2. Glaciers retreat and expose rock
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B. Pioneer organisms-
the first organisms to colonize a new site
Ex: lichens are the first to colonize lava rocks
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Primary Succession-
Rock
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C. Climax community-
a stable, mature community that undergoes little or no succession
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Climax community-
Ex: In most of Georgia, the climax community would be a deciduous forest (oak, elm, maple and hickory
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Primary succession-
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Secondary succession-
sequence of community changes that takes place when a community is disrupted by natural disaster or human actions – takes place on existing soil
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Secondary succession-
Ex: A fire levels portions of a forest
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Secondary succession-
Ex: A farmer plows his field
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Secondary succession-
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Secondary succession-
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Pond Succession
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Pond Succession