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THE TEXAS STATE HISTORICAL

ASSOCIATION

108th Annual Meeting

March 4–6, 2004Renaissance Austin Hotel

Hotel Directory

Registration Plaza Foyer Thursday 8:00 a.m.Friday 8:00 a.m.Saturday 8:00 a.m.

Book Exhibitors Rio Grande Exhibit HallThursday 10:00–5:30Friday 8:00–5:30Saturday 8:00–12:00

Sessions Sabine, San Antonio, San Marcos, Pecos, Trinity A, Trinity B, San Saba

Auctions: Silent AuctionRio Grande Exhibit Hall Thursday 10:00–5:30

Friday 8:00–6:00

Silent Auction Rio Grande Exhibit Hall Saturday 9:00–11:00Checkout

Annual Meeting Coordinator: Kathleen Pantalion. The annual meeting is presentedin cooperation with the Center for Studies in Texas History at the University of Texasat Austin.Refund/Cancellation Policy: Requests for refunds must be made in writing and post-

marked by February 21, 2004. No refunds will be made after February 21, 2004. A$10.00 service charge will be applied to all refunds.

Cover: Sidney Sherman’s Company San Jacinto battle flag, 1836. Courtesy of the StatePreservation Board. This year’s Presidential Reception will be held at the Bob BullockTexas State History Museum. Those who attend will have the opportunity to view theexhibit Texas Flags: 1836–1945, which is featured in this program.

Book Exhibitors

Clements Center for Southwest Studies

Chiricahua BooksCypress Book CompanyHarlan Davidson, Inc.Hart of Austin Antiquarian BooksJudy BondMaverick PublishingMcLaren BooksMcWhiney Foundation PressMichael D. Heaston Rare Books ReginaldoSouthwest Polonia Press

Sul Ross/Big Bend StudiesTexas A&M University PressTexas Catholic Historical SocietyTexas General Land OfficeTexas State Historical Association Texas Tech University PressTom Munnerlyn BooksUniversity of North Texas PressUniversity of Oklahoma PressUniversity of Texas PressWest Texas Historical/Texas Oral

History

Welcome to the 108th Annual Meeting

The history of Texas is constantly the subject of new research, and theresulting conclusions are constantly revised, rethought, and, in some

cases, changed. That is the nature of our business, and there is no betterplace to be informed and discuss the latest in research and revisions thanthe annual meeting of the Texas State Historical Association.

Our 108th annual meeting will be a salute to Texas History Month,which the legislature established and Governor Rick Perry signed into lawthis past summer, and we invite you and your friends to be a part of thisgreat celebration at the Renaissance Austin Hotel on March 4–6. Guestspeakers—Mary Margaret McAllen Amberson, H. W. Brands, Jr., B. Byron Price, and TSHA President George N. Green—will entertain andenlighten us along with the participants in forty-seven sessions on topicson every aspect of Texas, organized by Program Chair Kenneth Hafertepeand his able committee. On Saturday, John and Donna Britt will conducta tour of the beautiful Hill Country town of Fredericksburg and the LBJRanch.

The Bob Bullock Texas State History Museum, which has opened sincewe last met in Austin, will co-host the reception for incoming TSHA Pres-ident John Crain at the museum on Thursday evening at 6:30 .. We arefeaturing its extraordinary current exhibition, Texas Flags, in this pro-gram, and the exhibition will be open during the reception. In addition,the museum staff has arranged for all registered attendees at the annualmeeting to receive a discount on admission charges during the weekend ofthe meeting.

Interspersed with all these activities will be the silent auction, organ-ized by bookseller Michael Heaston and his committee, presenting asuperb collection of books, maps, manuscripts, and historical materialsfor your collection. As usual, the state’s premier publishers will be onhand to show you their new publications in the book exhibit room, andwe will have our usual “no tax” publications sale on Friday and Saturday.

It has been three years since we have met in Austin, so join us onMarch 4–6 for our 108th annual meeting. If you bring a friend who joinsthe Association as a new member, they will receive a free registration tothe meeting.

See you there.

Ron TylerDirector

Thursday, March 4

9:00a 1 TexTreasures: Online Primary Resources for Texas History Trinity B

2 Texas Freedman Colonies San Marcos3 Civil War Texas: Three Perspectives Sabine4 San Antonio: Government and Growth San Antonio5 Creating Culture and Writing History along the

Lower Rio Grande Trinity A

10:00a Open Silent Auction Viewing and Bidding Exhibit Hall

10:30a 6 Men and Women in Borderlands History San Antonio7 The Farmers, Father and Son, and Their Impact on

Equal Rights Trinity A8 Texas Women and Reform Trinity B9 Lone Star Visions of Church, State, and Society,

1912–1950 San MarcosHandbook of Texas Workshop Pecos

12:00 Women & Texas History Luncheon Ballroom B

2:30p 10 Pioneers in Mexican American Education Trinity A11 History and Archeology Interwoven San Marcos12 Texas Women, Law Enforcement, and Violence Trinity B13 Myth and Reality in the Texas Ranching Industry Sabine

TSHA Publications Workshop San Saba

4:00p 14 Pioneers of Another Kind:The Internet and Texas Women’s History San Marcos

15 Texas Museums and the Interpretation of American Political History San Antonio

16 Czech Music in Texas:Adapting to the New World Trinity B17 State Agencies and the State of Historic

Preservation in Texas Trinity A18 Laughing All the Way: Contemporary Texas Humor Sabine

6:00p Buses leave for Presidential Reception, Bob Bullock Texas State Historical Museum

6:30p Presidential Reception, Bob Bullock Texas State Historical Musuem

Friday, March 5

8:00a Spanish Borderlands Meeting PecosSilent Auction Viewing and Bidding Exhibit Hall

9:00a 19 Writing Diocesan History Trinity B20 Archeological Footprints of the Texas Revolution Sabine21 Race Horses, Land, and Community in West Texas

Development San Antonio22 African American Women after Emancipation Trinity A

10:30a 23 Writing Texas History: Randolph Campbell’s Gone to Texas Sabine

Meeting at a Glance

24 The Urban Revolt: Labor, Race, and Populism in 1890s Dallas San Marcos

25 Reassessing Two Texas Giants: Lyndon Johnson and James V.Allred Trinity A

26 African American Women and Twentieth-CenturyTexas Political Leadership Trinity B

27 Interpreting San Antonio’s Colonial Past:A Century of Changing Perspectives San Antonio

12:00 Awards Luncheon Ballroom B

1:30p Business Meeting Ballroom B

2:30p 28 The National Park Service and Texas History and Landscapes San Marcos

29 From Populism to Post-Suffragism:Women and Texas Politics Trinity A

30 Texas Music: Stories and Songs that Make a Difference Sabine

31 Shipwrecks of Galveston Bay Trinity B32 The Civil War Cotton Trade in Texas: Some New

Questions and Approaches San Antonio

4:00p 33 Texana Collectors and the Creation of Research Institutions Trinity A

34 Minority Women’s Business and Labor Struggles San Antonio35 Bringing It All Back Home: Classic Rock and

Blues in Texas Sabine36 Neighbors and Friends on Opposite Sides of

the Texas Revolution Trinity B37 Walter Prescott Webb Historical Society

Annual Meeting Pecos

6:00p Silent Auction Bidding Closes Exhibit Hall

7:00p Presidential Banquet Ballroom B

Saturday, March 6

7:30 Breakfast Ballroom B

9:00a Fredericksburg Tour, buses leave, scheduled return 10:00pSilent Auction Checkout through 11:00a Exhibit Hall

38 African American Soldiers and White Culture in Early Twentieth-Century Texas Trinity A

39 Texas Women-Texas Law (1900–1925) San Marcos40 History in Action:The College Classroom in 2004 Trinity B41 John Lee Hancock’s Alamo Movie Sabine42 Nineteenth-Century Mexican American Identity

and Nationalism San Antonio10:30a 43 Phi Alpha Theta session San Marcos

44 Women Educators on the Firing Line: Fighting for Houston’s Children Sabine

45 The Texas Coast Country: Cattle, Rice, and Beer San Antonio46 The Role of Violence in the Defeat of

Reconstruction in Texas Trinity B47 The Political Left in Texas: A Roundtable

Discussion Trinity A

Meeting at a Glance

Session 1 Joint Session with the Society of Southwest 9:00 .. ArchivistsTrinity B

TexTreasures: Online Primary Resources for Texas History, Ann Mason presiding, Texas State Library

Tejano Voices: Twentieth-Century Accounts of the Mexi-can American Experience in Texas, Ann E. Hodges, University of Texas at Arlington

Mapping Dallas and Dallas County: Murphy and Bolanz,Michael C. Miller, Dallas Public Library

Annexation Debates and Law: Tracking Events in Nine-teenth-Century Texas, Cathy N. Hartman, University ofNorth Texas

Session 2 Joint Session with the Texas Oral History9:00 .. AssociationSan Marcos

Texas Freedmen Colonies, Gerald D. Saxon presiding,University of Texas at Arlington

Freedmen Community Origins and Self Defense, ThadSitton, Austin

Clarksville: An Austin Freedmen Community, MichelleM. Mears, Texas Historical Commission

Booker T. Washington and the Texas Freedmen Colonies,James Conrad, Texas A&M University–Commerce

Session 3 Civil War Texas: Three Perspectives, T. Michael 9:00 .. Parrish presiding, Baylor UniversitySabine

The Best of a Bad Situation: How Texas Won Its Part ofthe Civil War, Don Frazier, McMurry University

Thursday, March 4, 2004

Texans in the Army of Tennessee, John R. Lundberg,Austin

John Watrous: A Federal Judge in Civil War Texas, DallasCothrum, University of Texas at Tyler

Session 4 San Antonio: Government and Growth, Char Miller9:00 .. presiding, Trinity UniversitySan Antonio

Learning from Their Mistakes: The City Charter Effort inSan Antonio, 1940–1951, Jennifer S. Lawrence, TexasA&M University–College Station

Leading Change: Robert F. McDermott and EconomicDevelopment in Modern San Antonio, 1968–1994, DavidR. Johnson, University of Texas at San Antonio

Commentator: Heywood Sanders, University of Texas atSan Antonio

Session 5 Creating Culture and Writing History along the9:00 .. Lower Rio Grande, Roberto R.Trinity A Calderón presiding, University of North Texas

Juan E. Richer: Positivist Border History, Manuel Cebal-los Ramírez, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte

Exploring Mexicano and Tejano Cultural Life along theLower Rio Grande in the Twentieth Century, Henry C.Schmidt, Texas A&M University–College Station

Commentator: Roberto R. Calderón, University of NorthTexas

10:00 .. Silent Auction Viewing and BiddingRio Grande Exhibit Hall


Session 6 Men and Women in Borderlands History, Rosalind Z.10:30 .. Rock presiding, United States National Park ServiceSan Antonio

The 1716 Expedition in the Province of the Tejas Indians:A Philological Approach to Editing the Ramón andEspinosa Diaries, Debbie S. Cunningham, University ofTexas at Austin

Women in the Spanish-Mexican Borderlands: Their Livesthrough Their Wills, 1750–1846, Amy Meschke, South-ern Methodist University

Commentator: Rosalind Z. Rock, United States NationalPark Service

Session 7 The Farmers, Father and Son, and Their Impact on10:30 .. Equal Rights, Hal Cherry presiding, RichardsonTrinity A

James Leonard Farmer Sr. and His Influence on His Son:A Perspective, Funsho Akingbala, University of Texas atAustin

James Leonard Farmer Jr. and How His Father Influenced Him: A Perspective, Roland Hayes, AustinCommunity College

The James Farmer Papers at the Center for American His-tory, Don Carleton, University of Texas at Austin

Session 8 Texas Women and Reform, Jean A. Stuntz presiding,10:30 .. West Texas A&M UniversityTrinity B

From a Professional Woman’s Viewpoint: Hallie Flint,Raising Consciousness in Progressive Era Houston, LeighH. Cutler, Houston

The Texas Confederate Woman’s Home: Katie Howardand the Gendering of Charity, Kelly McMichael Stott,Texas Christian University


Helen Edmunds Moore, Friend of the Helpless, PriscillaMyers Benham, University of Houston–Downtown

Session 9 Joint Session with the Texas Baptist Historical 10:30 .. SocietySan Marcos

Lone Star Visions of Church, State, and Society,1912–1950: Two Texas Perspectives, Ellen KuniyukiBrown presiding, Baylor University

A Lone Star Social Gospel: The Influence of WalterRauschenbusch on the Theology and Thought of J. M.Dawson, Marshall Johnston, Baylor University

Preaching the Gospel in a World Made Safe for Democra-cy: George Truett, Religious Liberty, and the AmericanExpeditionary Force, Lee Canipe, Baylor University

Commentator: Barry Hankins, Baylor University

10:30 .. Handbook of Texas Workshop, Douglas BarnettPecos presiding, Texas State Historical Association

Meet with Handbook editors to view the latest additionsto the Handbook of Texas Online, discuss ideas for arti-cles, and learn about new projects.

12:00 Women and Texas History LuncheonBallroom B JoAnn Stiles, presiding, Texas State Historical

Association Executive Council

She Wore a Hatchet on Her Belt: Frontier Families andLife in South Texas, Mary Margaret McAllen Amberson,San Antonio

Presentation of the Liz Carpenter Award for Research inthe History of Women


Session 10 Pioneers in Mexican American Education, Guadalupe2:30 .. San Miguel presiding, University of HoustonTrinity A

Mexican American Women Teaching in the South TexasPublic Schools: Jovita González de Mireles and Her Con-temporaries, Laura K. Muñoz, Arizona State University

Teaching Equality: George I. Sanchez, Education andCivil Rights, Carlos K. Blanton, Texas A&M University–College Station

Commentator: Emilio Zamora, University of Texas atAustin

Session 11 Joint Session with the Texas Archeological2:30 .. SocietySan Marcos

History and Archeology Interwoven, Pam Wheat presid-ing, Texas Archeological Society

The Davis-Herrera Ranch, Presidio County, Brenda B.Whorton, Texas Archeological Stewardship Network

The Santa Cruz de San Sabá Mission and Real Presidio deSan Sabá, Grant D. Hall, Texas Tech University

Mission Espiritu Santo, Victoria County: Third Location, Tamra Walter, Texas Tech University

Session 12 Texas Women, Law Enforcement, and Violence, James2:30 .. Paulsen presiding, South Texas College of LawTrinity B

Texas Women Sheriffs, Charlene Vance, Blinn College

Women and Lynching in Texas 1860–1930, HelenMcLure, Southern Methodist University

Commentator: William Carringan, Rowan College


Session 13 Myth and Reality in the Texas Ranching Industry,2:30 .. J. Tillapaugh presiding, University of Texas of the Sabine Permian Basin

Henry C. “Hank” Smith: A Westering Man, Scott Sosebee, Texas Tech University

Burk Burnett, The 6666 Ranch, and Western Myth,Damon Kennedy, Permian Basin Petroleum Museum

Channing, Texas, and The XIT: The Evolution of a Pan-handle Town, Marsha Gustafson, National RanchingHeritage Center


The Bob Bullock Texas State History Museum in downtown Austin, will be thesite of the Thursday Presidential Reception.

2:30 .. TSHA Publications WorkshopSan Saba Meet the editors and discuss potential book and

journal manuscript submissions. J. Kent Calder, director of publications, and Holly Z. Taylor, editor.

Session 14 Pioneers of Another Kind: The Internet and Texas 4:00 .. Women’s History, Angela Boswell presiding,San Marcos Henderson State University

A New Frontier: Reaching Students of Texas Women’sHistory, Elizabeth Snapp, Texas Woman’s University

Let’s Do Something on Women: The Votes for Women!Web Site and Presenting Historical Information to thePublic, Liz Clare, Texas State Library

Commentator: Thomas L. Charlton, Baylor University

Session 15 Texas Museums and the Interpretation of American 4:00 .. Political History, James Henson presiding, San Antonio University of Texas at Austin

Texas’s Rise to Power in Washington: The Visual andArchival History of John Nance Garner and Sam Rayburn, Patrick L. Cox, University of Texas at Austin

The Future of the Lyndon B. Johnson Presidential Libraryand Museum: Its Goals and Challenges for the NextDecade, Betty Sue Flowers, Lyndon B. Johnson Libraryand Museum

Interpreting the Second Reconstruction in America,Theodore M. Lawe, A. C. McMillan African AmericanMuseum


Session 16 Czech Music in Texas: Adapting to the New World,4:00 .. Susan Kaderka presiding, National Wildlife FederationTrinity B

Music and the Development of a Czech Texas Community, Frances Barton, Austin

Muziky, Muziky: Folk and Popular Songs of Czech Texas,John Novak, Northern Illinois University

Commentator: Josef J. Barton, Northwestern University

Session 17 State Agencies and the State of Historic Preservation4:00 .. in Texas, Sue Winton Moss presiding, AustinTrinity A

Historic Sites: New Trends in Preserving and Interpreting Texas’s Past, Wilson E. Dolman, Austin

Managing a Historic Bridge Program, Lisa J. Hart, TexasDepartment of Transportation

Commentator: James Steely, SWCA Environmental Con-sultants, Phoenix, Arizona

Session 18 Joint Session with the Texas Folklore Society4:00 ..Sabine Laughing All the Way: Contemporary Texas Humor,

Frances B. Vick presiding, University of North TexasPress

Growing Up a Sullen Baptist, Robert Flynn, Trinity Uni-versity

Texas, My Texas, James Ward Lee, Texas Christian Uni-versity Press

Commentator: Joyce Gibson Roach, Keller


6:30 .. Presidential Reception honoring incoming PresidentBob Bullock John CrainTexas State History The Museum is located at 1800 North Congress Museum Avenue, and parking will be free for those attending

the event. Buses will be provided for those who wish toreserve a seat through their advance registration. Lighthors d’oeuvres and cash bar. The buses will leave thehotel by 6 p.m.


8:00 .. Spanish Borderlands MeetingPecos An informal meeting for those persons interested in the

history of the Spanish Borderlands and the northern frontier of New Spain.

8:00 .. Silent Auction Viewing and BiddingRio Grande Silent auction items will be on display and available forExhibit Hall bidding until 6:00 .. All bidding will close at 6:00 ..

Session 19 Joint Session with the Texas Catholic Historical9:00 .. SocietyTrinity B

Writing Diocesan History, Thomas W. Jodziewicz presiding, University of Dallas

On Writing and Publishing a 75-Year Diocesan History in 12 Months, Hildegard Varga, Roman CatholicDiocese of Amarillo, and Michael Harter, Amarillo Independent School District

Reaching a Larger Audience: New Approaches to Diocesan History Writing, Dolores Ann Liptak, Sisters of Mercy of the Americas

Commentator: Thomas W. Jodziewicz, University of Dallas

Session 20 Archeological Footprints of the Texas Revolution, Jeff9:00 .. Durst presiding, Texas Historical CommissionSabine

Tracking the Mexican Army through the Sea of Mud,Gregg J. Dimmick, South Texas Medical Clinics

Fannin Battleground: Commemoration or Historic Site?Art Black, Texas Parks and Wildlife

Commentator: Jeff Durst, Texas Historical Commission

Friday, March 5, 2004

Session 21 Race Horses, Land, and Community in West Texas9:00 .. Development, Frederick W. Rathjen presiding,San Antonio West Texas A&M University, Emeritus

John R. Nasworthy and “Charley Wilson”: West Texas’sGreat Horse Racing Team, Preston Lewis, Angelo StateUniversity

C. O. Keiser and Land Sales in Randall County, Martin (Marty) H. Kuhlman, West Texas A&M University

A Kindred Society: A Glimpse of Amarillo CommunityRelationships from 1900 to 1910, Gerald Betty, TexasA&M University–Corpus Christi

Session 22 African American Women after Emancipation, Linda9:00 .. Wolff presiding, Texas Settlement RegionTrinity A

The 1888 Case of Lola Houck versus the Southern PacificRailway Company, Janice Sumler-Edmond, Huston-Tillotson College

Commentator: Gail Beil, Marshall

Session 23 Writing Texas History: Randolph B. Campbell’s Gone to10:30 .. Texas: A History of the Lone Star State, Jerry Sabine Thompson, presiding, Texas A&M International

University–Laredo

Panelists:Rebecca Sharpless, Baylor UniversityAlwyn Barr, Texas Tech UniversityJohn Miller Morris, University of Texas at San Antonio

Response: Randolph B. Campbell, University of North Texas


Session 24 The Urban Revolt: Labor, Race, and Populism in10:30 .. 1890s Dallas, Gregg Cantrell presiding, TexasSan Marcos Christian University

Labor’s Role in the Creation of the Dallas People’s Party,Alicia E. Rodriquez,California State University, Bakers-field

Melvin Wade, The People’s Party, and the Hope for Bi-racial Politics, Kristopher B. Paschal, Southern MethodistUniversity

Commentator: Worth Robert Miller, Southwest MissouriState University


“Mrs. Wig-fall’s WeddingDress,” CivilWar flag madefor Hood’sTexas Brigade.Courtesy ofthe TexasState Libraryand ArchivesCommission.

Session 25 Reassessing Two Texas Giants: Lyndon Johnson and10:30 .. James V. Allred, Kenneth Hendrickson presiding, Trinity A Midwestern State University

To Further His Career: A Reassessment of Sam Ealy andRebekah Baines Johnson as Political Parents, Mark E.Young, McKendree College

Private Trials of a Public Man: Jimmie Allred and theVicissitudes of Family, L. Patrick Hughes, Austin Community College

James V. Allred: Hispanics and the Texas Death Penalty, Robert O. Marlin IV, University of Houston

Session 26 African American Women and Twentieth Century10:30 .. Texas Political Leadership, Merline Pitre presiding,Trinity B Texas State University–San Marcos

Black Educators and Political Activism: The Case of Lillian B. Horace, Karen Kossie-Chemyshev, Texas Southern University

And a Woman Shall Lead Them!: African AmericanWomen, Law, Politics and the Civil Rights Movement inDallas, Texas, 1940–1950, Yvonne Davis Frear,Texas A&M University–College Station

Barbara Jordan, “Black Womanhood” and the “RippleEffect” of Women’s Liberation, Mary Ellen Curtin, University of Essex

Session 27 Interpreting San Antonio’s Colonial Past: A Century 10:30 .. of Changing Perspectives, Maria Watson PfeifferSan Antonio presiding, San Antonio

The Missions of San Antonio: From Romantic Ruins toNational Historical Park, Elizabeth Dupree, San Antonio Missions National Historical Park


There Can’t Be Termites at the Alamo! Visitors’ Expecta-tions and the Challenges of On-Site Interpretation, LindaK. Salvucci, Trinity University

Commentator: Lupita N. Barrera, Texas Parks andWildlife Department

Luncheon Luncheon, George N. Green presiding, President, Texas12:00 State Historical AssociationBallroom B

What I Learned at the Texas Revolution, H. W. Brands,Jr., Texas A&M University–College Station

Presentation of the:H. Bailey Carroll AwardKate Broocks Bates AwardCoral H. Tullis Memorial AwardMary Jon and J.P. Bryan Leadership in Education

AwardCecilia Steinfeldt Fellowship for Research in the Arts

and Material CultureFred White Jr. Research Fellowship in Texas HistoryJohn H. Jenkins Research Fellowship in Texas HistoryLawrence T. Jones III Research Fellowship in Civil War

Texas HistoryMary M. Hughes Research FellowshipStephen F. Austin’s Old Three Hundred Research

Fellowship in Texas History

Induction of the new Fellows of the Texas State Historical Association

1:30 .. Business Meeting of the Texas State Historical Ballroom B Association, George N. Green, presiding, Texas State

Historical Association


Session 28 The National Park Service and Texas History and 2:30 .. Landscapes, Richard W. Sellars presiding, NationalSan Marcos Park Service

Preserving the Last Frontier: Fort Davis, Big Bend, andthe National Park Service in West Texas, Michael Welsh,University of Northern Colorado

Romancing the Stones: The WPA Restoration of SanAntonio’s Mission San Jose, 1928–1938, Arthur R.Gomez, National Park Service

Commentator: Martha Norkunas, University of Texas atAustin & Texas Folklife Resources

Session 29 From Populism to Post-Suffragism: Women and Texas2:30 .. Politics, Nancy Baker Jones presiding, AustinTrinity A

Populism and the Women’s Movement in Texas, BillieRitter Ford, Beasley

Miriam Ferguson: Champion of the Women’s Movement, Deborah Wheeler, George Bush PresidentialLibrary and Museum

Minnie Fisher Cunningham and the Post-Suffrage TexasWomen’s Movement, Harold L. Smith, University of Houston–Victoria

Session 30 Texas Music: Stories and Songs that Make a 2:30 .. Difference, Jean Boyd presiding, Baylor UniversitySabine

From Yellow Roses to Dixie Chicks: The Role of Womenin Texas Music History, Gary Hartman, Texas State Uni-versity–San Marcos

Telling Stories, Writing Songs: Texas Songwriters andTexas Culture, Kathleen Hudson, Schreiner University

Commentator: Jean Boyd, Baylor University


Session 31 Shipwrecks of Galveston Bay, Don Willet presiding,2:30 .. Texas A&M University–GalvestonTrinity B

City of Waco: A Landmark Marine Casualty of Nineteenth-Century Texas, Andrew Hall, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston

The Loss and Search for the Invincible, Samuel Mark,Texas A&M University–Galveston

Commentator: Fred Pearl, Texas A&M University–Galveston

Session 32 The Civil War Cotton Trade in Texas: Some New2:30 .. Questions and Approaches, Clayton Jewett presiding,San Antonio Austin

The Civil War Cotton Trade and the Economic Develop-ment of Houston, Patrick J. Kelly, University of Texas atSan Antonio

The Cotton Bureau in Northeast Texas, Judith FennerGentry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette

Iron Men, Wooden Carts: Mexican Cart Drivers in CivilWar Texas, Santiago Escobedo, Jr., University of Texas atSan Antonio

Session 33 Texana Collectors and the Creation of Research 4:00 .. Institutions, Al Lowman presiding, San MarcosTrinity A

Dan Kilgore: Texana Collector and Texas History Bene-factor, Thomas H. Kreneck, Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi

Jenkins and Virginia Garrett: Texas Collectors as LibraryBuilders, Gerald D. Saxon, University of Texas at Arlington

Dr. William E. Howard and the DRT Library: The Estab-lishment of a Research Collection, Elaine B. Davis,Daughters of the Republic of Texas at the Alamo


Session 34 Minority Women’s Business and Labor Struggles,4:00 .. Gilberto M. Hinojosa presiding, University of theSan Antonio Incarnate Word

Self-Employed Latina and African American Workers inTexas, 1900–1950, Julia Kirk Blackwelder, Texas A&MUniversity–College Station

Unintended Consequences: The Pecan Shellers Strike of1938, Patricia Ellen Gower, University of the IncarnateWord

Commentator: Julie Leininger Pycior, Manhattan College

Session 35 Bringing It All Back Home: Classic Rock and Blues in4:00 .. Texas, Andrew Davidson presiding, Harlan Davidson Sabine Inc.

San Antonio Rocks: The Origins of the Sir Douglas Quin-tet, Steve Davis, Kingwood College

Howling on Dowling: The Legacy of Houston’s EldoradoBallroom, Roger Wood, Central College, Houston Community College

The Texas Roots of the British Invasion, Stephen Adams,Houston

Session 36 Neighbors and Friends on Opposite Sides of the Texas 4:00 .. Revolution, Henry Wolff, Jr., presiding, Victoria Trinity B Advocate

Nicholas Fagan, Texas Patriot, Louise O’Connor, Victoria

Don Carlos De La Garza, Mexican Loyalist, Alonzo A.Salazar, Houston

Commentator: Henry Wolff, Jr., Victoria Advocate


Session 37 Walter Prescott Webb Historical Society Annual4:00 .. Meeting and Chapter Reports, John C. Britt presiding,Pecos Lee College

6:00 .. Silent Auction Bidding ClosesRio Grande All bidding will close at 6:00 .. Final Bids must beExhibit Hall placed by 6:00 ..

Dinner John Crain presiding, Vice President, Texas State7:00 .. Historical AssociationBallroom B

The Labor Movement in Texas, 1870s–1920s, George N.Green, University ofTexas at Arlington


GuerreroBattalion battle flag,1836.Courtesy ofthe TexasState Libraryand ArchivesCommission.

Breakfast Robert Wooster, presiding, Vice President, Texas State7:30 .. Historical Association Ballroom B

Charles Goodnight: The Golden Years, B. Byron Price,University of Oklahoma

9:00 .. Silent Auction CheckoutRio Grande Checkout will close at 11:00 ..Exhibit Hall

9:00 .. Tour to the LBJ Ranch and historic Fredericksburg. Theall-day bus tour will feature visits to the LBJ Ranch,including the Sauer-Beckman Farm, followed by lunch atthe beautiful Grape Creek Country Market, serving bar-beque from a limestone pit. The afternoon provides achoice of touring the Admiral Chester Nimitz Museumand Historical Center or shopping at the quaint shops of Fredericksburg. The day concludes with a tour andcandlelight dinner with the Gillespie County HistoricalSociety. The tour will be limited to the first forty peoplewho register for it.

Session 38 African American Soldiers and White Culture in Early9:00 .. Twentieth-Century Texas, Bob Brinkman presiding,Trinity A Texas Historical Commission

The Brownsville Raid 1906: A Mind-Boggling Controversy, Harold J. Weiss, Jr., Jamestown Community College

Emmett Scott, Advocate for World War I African Ameri-can Servicemen, David A. Williams, Texas African Ameri-can Heritage Organization, Inc.

Commentator: Clive Siegle, Southern Methodist University

Saturday, March 6, 2004

Session 39 Joint Session with the Texas Supreme Court 9:00 .. Historical SocietySan Marcos

Texas Women–Texas Law (1900–1925), Rose Spectorpresiding, Bickerstaff, Heath, Smiley, Pollan, Kever &McDaniel

Law and the Changing Status of Women in Texas,1900–1925, Michael S. Ariens, St. Mary’s UniversitySchool of Law

The Legal Legacy of Johnson v. Darr: The 1925Decision of the All-Woman Texas Supreme Court, Jeffrey D. Dunn, Munsch, Hardt, Kopf & Harr, PC

Commentator: Mark Davidson, 11th District Court ofHarris County

Civil War flag from Gould’s Battalion. Courtesy of the Texas State Library andArchives Commission.


Session 40 History in Action: The College Classroom in 2004, 9:00 .. Jeff Haven presiding, Lamar State College–Port ArthurTrinity B

It Was a Time When You Didn’t Have Fences or LockedDoors: A History of the Edgar Allen Poe Elementary School Bombing, Gale Towns, University ofHouston–Downtown

Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness: The AlabamaCoushatta’s Gamble for Survival, Esther Flynn, Lee Col-lege

The Alamo on Film: Getting History Wrong—Pedagogy and Historiography, Dale Adams, Lee College


U.S. Flag from 1845 with 28 stars. Courtesy of the Texas State Library andArchives Commission.

Session 41 John Lee Hancock’s Alamo Movie, Frank Thompson 9:00 .. presiding, North Hollywood, CaliforniaSabine

Building Bexar: The Art and Research of ProductionDesign, Michael Corenblith, Santa Monica, California

Getting It Right: The Challenges of a Technical Advisor, Alan Huffines, Katy

Historical Authenticity in a Movie? The Impossible Roleof the Historical Advisor, Stephen L. Hardin, Victoria College

Session 42 Nineteenth-Century Mexican American Identity and9:00 .. Nationalism, Ben Johnson presiding, SouthernSan Antonio Methodist University

Keepers of the Gate: Intermarriage and Nationalism inTexas and New Mexico, 1820–1850, Andrés Reséndez,University of California at Davis

Becoming a City and Becoming American: San Antonio, 1848–1861, Larry Knight, Texas A&M University–Kingsville

Commentator: Jesús F. de la Teja, Texas State University–San Marcos

Session 43 Phi Alpha Theta, Archie P. McDonald presiding,10:30 .. Stephen F. Austin State UniversitySan Marcos

Murdo Mackenzie: Scottish Ranch Manager in a Western World, Leland Turner, Texas Tech University

Puzzle in Paducah: The Samuel Burk Burnett-Farley Say-ers Murder Trial, Meredith Richards Martin, Plano

Commentator: Light T. Cummings, Austin College


Session 44 Women Educators on the Firing Line: Fighting for 10:30 .. Houston’s Children, Bernadette Pruitt presiding, Sam Sabine Houston State University

Doctor Ray K. Daily: Standing Firm in the Face of Con-troversy, Betty Trapp Chapman, Houston

Doctor Kate Bell: A Champion of the Children, AnneHulme Sloan, Houston

Hattie Mae White: Seeking Equality for All Children,Pamela J. Young, Bellaire

Session 45 The Texas Coast Country: Cattle, Rice, and Beer, 10:30 .. Alexander Pratt presiding, College of the MainlandSan Antonio

Saltgrass Cattlemen: The Wild Longhorn, Alecya Gall-away, University of Houston–Clear Lake

Give My Regards to the Emperor: Japanese Rice Colo-nization in Webster, Texas, Heather Green Campbell,Helen Hall Library

The Galveston Brewery, Ralph W. Stenzel, Santa Fe,Texas

Session 46 The Role of Violence in the Defeat of Reconstruction10:30 .. in Texas, Carl Moneyhon presiding, University ofTrinity B Arkansas at Little Rock

Violence in South Texas during Reconstruction, KennethHowell, Texas A&M University–College Station

Violence in Northeast Texas During Reconstruction: TheSouth’s Second Civil War, James M. Smallwood,Gainesville

Commentator: Cary D. Wintz, Texas Southern University


Session 47 The Political Left in Texas: A Roundtable Discussion,10:30 .. David O’Donald Cullen presiding, Collin CountyTrinity A Community College

PanelistsCarl Allsup, University of Wisconsin at PlattevillePeter Buckingham, Linfield CollegeGeorge N. Green, University of Texas at ArlingtonKyle Wilkison, Collin County Community CollegeDonna Barnes, University of Wyoming


Adams, Dale, 40Akingbala, Funsho, 7Allsup, Carl, 47Amberson, Mary Margaret McAllen *Ariens, Michael S., 39Barnes, Donna, 47Barnett, Douglas, 38Barrera, Lupita N., 27Barton, Josef J., 16Barton, Frances, 16Beil, Gail, 22Benham, Priscilla Myers, 8Betty, Gerald, 21Black, Art, 20Blackwelder, Julia Kirk, 4Blanton, Carlos K., 10Boswell, Angela, 14Boyd, Jean, 30Brands, Jr., H. W. *Brinkman, Bob, 23Britt, John C., 37Brown, Ellen Kuniyuki, 9Buckingham, Peter, 47Calderón, Roberto R., 05Campbell, Heather Green, 45Canipe, Lee, 9Cantrell, Gregg, 24Carleton, Don, 7Carringan, William, 12Chapman, Betty Trapp, 44Charlton, Thomas L., 14Cherry, Hal, 7Clare, Liz, 14Conrad, James, 2Corenblith, Michael, 41Cothrum, Dallas, 3Cox, Patrick L., 15Crain, John, DinnerCullen, David O’Donald, 47Cummings, Light T., 43Cunningham, Debbie S., 6Curtin, Mary Ellen, 26Cutler, Leigh H., 8Davidson, Andrew, 35

Davidson, Mark, 39Davis, Elaine B., 33De La Teja, Jesús F., 42Dimmick, Gregg J., 20Dolman, Wilson E., 17Dunn, Jeffrey D., 39Dupree, Elizabeth, 27Durst, Jeff, 20Escobedo, Jr., Santiago, 32Flowers, Betty Sue, 15Flynn, Robert, 18Flynn, Esther, 40Ford, Billie Ritter, 29Frazier, Don, 3Frear, Yvonne Davis, 26Gallaway, Alecya, 45Gentry, Judith Fenner, 32Gomez, Arthur R., 28Gower, Patricia Ellen, 4Green, George N. *, 47Gustafson, Marsha, 13Hall, Grant D., 11Hall, Andrew, 31Hankins, Barry, 9Hardin, Stephen L., 41Hart, Lisa J., 17Harter, John Michael, 19Hartman, Cathy N., 1Hartman, Gary, 30Haven, Jeff, 40Hayes, Roland, 7Hendrickson, Kenneth, 25Henson, James, 15Hinojosa, Gilberto M.Hodges, Ann E., 1Howell, Kenneth, 46Hudson, Kathleen, 30Huffines, Alan, 41Hughes, L. Patrick, 25Jewett, Clayton, 32Jodziewicz, Thomas W., 19Johnson, Ben, 42Johnson, David R., 34Johnston, Marshall, 9

ParticipantsNumber indicates session

* luncheon or dinner session

Jones, Nancy Baker, 29Kaderka, Susan, 16Kelly, Patrick J., 32Kennedy, Damon, 13Knight, Larry, 42Kossie-Chemyshev, Karen, 26Kreneck, Thomas H., 33Kuhlman, Martin (Marty) H., 21Lawe, Theodore M., 15Lawrence, Jennifer S., 34Lee, James Ward, 18Lewis, Preston, 21Liptak, RSM, Dolores Ann, 19Lowman, Al, 33Lundberg, John R., 03Mark, Samuel, 31Marlin IV, Robert O., 25Martin, Meredith Richards, 43Mason, Ann, 1McDonald, Archie P., 43McLure, Helen, 12Mears, Michelle M., 02Meschke, Amy, 06Miller, Char, 34Miller, Worth Robert, 24Miller, Michael C., 1Moneyhon, Carl, 46Moss, Sue Winton, 17Muñoz, Laura K., 10Norkunas, Martha, 28Novak, John, 16O’Connor, Louise, 36Parrish, T. Michael, 3Paschal, Kristopher B., 24Paulsen, James, 12Pearl, Fred, 31Pfeiffer, Maria Watson, 27Pitre, Merline, 26Pratt, Alexander, 45Price, B. Byron, *Pruitt, Bernadette, 44Pycior, Julie Leininger, 4Ramírez, Manuel Ceballos, 5Rathjen, Frederick W., 21Reséndez, Andrés, 42Roach, Joyce Gibson, 18

Rock, Rosalind Z., 6Rodriquez, Alicia E., 24Salazar, Alonzo A., 36Salvucci, Linda K., 27San Miguel, Guadalupe, 10Sanders, Heywood, 34Saxon, Gerald D., 2 & 33Schmidt, Henry C., 5Sellars, Richard W., 28Siegle, Clive, 23Sitton, Thad, 2Sloan, Anne Hulme, 44Smallwood, James M., 46Smith, Harold L., 29Snapp, Elizabeth, 14Sosebee, Scott, 13Spector, Rose, 39Steely, James, 17Stenzel, Ralph W., 45Stott, Kelly McMichael, 8Stuntz, Jean A., 8Sumler-Edmond, Janice, 22Thompson, Frank, 41Tillapaugh, J., 13Towns, Gale, 40Turner, Leland, 43Vance, Charlene, 12Varga, OSB, Hildegard, 19Vick, Frances B., 18Walter, Tamra, 11Weiss, Jr., Harold J., 23Welsh, Michael, 28Wheat, Pam, 11Wheeler, Deborah, 29Whorton, Brenda B., 11Wilkison, Kyle, 47Willet, Don, 31Williams, David A., 23Wintz, Cary D., 46Wolff, Linda, 22Wolff, Jr., Henry, 36Wood, Roger, 35Young, Mark E., 25Young, Pamela J., 44Zamora, Emilio, 10

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In Memoriam

Brother William DunnWilliam Clark Griggs

John C. RayburnDonald E. Worcester

Jim SeymourThomas CampbellTerry G. Jordan

THE TEXAS STATE HISTORICALASSOCIATION

1897—The Oldest Learned Society in Texas—1897

Jenkins Garrett, Honorary Life Council Member

John Crain, Honorary Life Council Member

OFFICERS

George N. Green President

John W. Crain First Vice-President

Robert A. Wooster Second Vice-President

DIRECTOR

Ron Tyler

EXECUTIVE COUNCIL

(In addition to the officers named above)

Shirley Caldwell Former President

Jerry Thompson Former President

Raye Virginia Allen (2004)

Paul H. Carlson (2004)

Janice Woods Windle (2005)

Fred Rathjen (2005)

Larry McNeill (2006)

Allyson P. Cook (2006)

José Roberto Juárez (2006)

Mary Margaret McAllen Amberson (2007)

Jo Ann Stiles (2007)

Texas State Historical AssociationUniversity of Texas at Austin

University Station D

Austin, Texas -

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P A I DAustin, Texas

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