the telencephalon xiaoming zhang. the telencephalon external features: 2 cerebral hemispheres...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Telencephalon Xiaoming Zhang. The Telencephalon External features: 2 Cerebral hemispheres (separated by longitudinal cerebral fissure) Transverse](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061313/56649ccb5503460f949950ab/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The TelencephalonThe Telencephalon
Xiaoming ZhangXiaoming Zhang
![Page 2: The Telencephalon Xiaoming Zhang. The Telencephalon External features: 2 Cerebral hemispheres (separated by longitudinal cerebral fissure) Transverse](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061313/56649ccb5503460f949950ab/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The TelencephalonThe Telencephalon External features:
2 Cerebral hemispheres
(separated by longitudinal cerebral fissure)
Transverse cerebral fissure intervenes between
the hemispheres and cerebellum.
3 poles, 3 surfaces
3 borders
External features:
2 Cerebral hemispheres
(separated by longitudinal cerebral fissure)
Transverse cerebral fissure intervenes between
the hemispheres and cerebellum.
3 poles, 3 surfaces
3 borders
![Page 3: The Telencephalon Xiaoming Zhang. The Telencephalon External features: 2 Cerebral hemispheres (separated by longitudinal cerebral fissure) Transverse](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061313/56649ccb5503460f949950ab/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The TelencephalonThe Telencephalon External features:
3 Main fissures on surface of each hemisphere:
The Lateral sulcus
The Central sulcus
The Parietooccipital sulcus
External features:
3 Main fissures on surface of each hemisphere:
The Lateral sulcus
The Central sulcus
The Parietooccipital sulcus
![Page 4: The Telencephalon Xiaoming Zhang. The Telencephalon External features: 2 Cerebral hemispheres (separated by longitudinal cerebral fissure) Transverse](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061313/56649ccb5503460f949950ab/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Sulci and gyri of Superolateral surface
Postcentral sulcus
Postcentral gyrus
Superior parietal lobule
Supramarginal gyrus
Intraparietal sulcus
Parietooccipital sulcus
![Page 5: The Telencephalon Xiaoming Zhang. The Telencephalon External features: 2 Cerebral hemispheres (separated by longitudinal cerebral fissure) Transverse](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061313/56649ccb5503460f949950ab/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5 Lobes:
(divided by 3 sulci) The Frontal lobe The Parietal lobe The Occipital lobe The Temporal lobe The Insular lobe (insula)
5 Lobes:
(divided by 3 sulci) The Frontal lobe The Parietal lobe The Occipital lobe The Temporal lobe The Insular lobe (insula)
![Page 6: The Telencephalon Xiaoming Zhang. The Telencephalon External features: 2 Cerebral hemispheres (separated by longitudinal cerebral fissure) Transverse](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061313/56649ccb5503460f949950ab/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Main gyri and sulci
Dorsolateral surface: in frontal lobe:
— precentral sulcus, superior and inferior frontal sulcus precentral gyrus
superior frontal gyrus
middle frontal gyrus
inferior frontal gyrus
Main gyri and sulci
Dorsolateral surface: in frontal lobe:
— precentral sulcus, superior and inferior frontal sulcus precentral gyrus
superior frontal gyrus
middle frontal gyrus
inferior frontal gyrus
![Page 7: The Telencephalon Xiaoming Zhang. The Telencephalon External features: 2 Cerebral hemispheres (separated by longitudinal cerebral fissure) Transverse](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061313/56649ccb5503460f949950ab/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
in parietal lobe:
— postcentral sulcus supermarginal gyrus
— intraparietal sulcus angular gyrus
— postcentral gyrus — superior and inferior parietal lobule
in parietal lobe:
— postcentral sulcus supermarginal gyrus
— intraparietal sulcus angular gyrus
— postcentral gyrus — superior and inferior parietal lobule
![Page 8: The Telencephalon Xiaoming Zhang. The Telencephalon External features: 2 Cerebral hemispheres (separated by longitudinal cerebral fissure) Transverse](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061313/56649ccb5503460f949950ab/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
in temporal lobe:
superior temporal sulcus
inferior temporal sulcus
superior
middle
inferior temporal gyrus
transverse temporal gyrus
in temporal lobe:
superior temporal sulcus
inferior temporal sulcus
superior
middle
inferior temporal gyrus
transverse temporal gyrus
Right superior figure:Lateral view of cerebral hemisphereRight superior figure:Lateral view of cerebral hemisphere
![Page 9: The Telencephalon Xiaoming Zhang. The Telencephalon External features: 2 Cerebral hemispheres (separated by longitudinal cerebral fissure) Transverse](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061313/56649ccb5503460f949950ab/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Transverse temporal gyri
![Page 10: The Telencephalon Xiaoming Zhang. The Telencephalon External features: 2 Cerebral hemispheres (separated by longitudinal cerebral fissure) Transverse](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061313/56649ccb5503460f949950ab/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Sulci and gyri of Superolateral surface
Precentral sulcus
Precentral gyrus
Superior frontal sulcus
Inferior frontal sulcus
Superior,middleand inferioe frontal gyri
Postcentral sulcus
Postcentral gyrus
Superior parietal lobule
Supramarginal gyrus
Angular gyrus
Superior temporal sulcus
Inferior temporal sulcus Superior temporal gyrus
Middle temporal gyrus
Inferior temporal gyrus
![Page 11: The Telencephalon Xiaoming Zhang. The Telencephalon External features: 2 Cerebral hemispheres (separated by longitudinal cerebral fissure) Transverse](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061313/56649ccb5503460f949950ab/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Sulci and gyri of medial surface
Corpus callosum
Callosal sulcus
cingulate gyrus
Cingulate sulcus
Marginal ramus
Paracentral lobule
Calcarine sulcus
Cuneus
Parietooccipital sulcus
Lingual gyrus
![Page 12: The Telencephalon Xiaoming Zhang. The Telencephalon External features: 2 Cerebral hemispheres (separated by longitudinal cerebral fissure) Transverse](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061313/56649ccb5503460f949950ab/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Inferior surfaceOlfactory bulb
Olfactory tract
Olfactory trigone
Anterior perforated substance
Collateral sulcus
Occipitotemporal sulcus
Medial and lateraloccipitotemporal gyri
Parahippocampal gyrus
Uncus
![Page 13: The Telencephalon Xiaoming Zhang. The Telencephalon External features: 2 Cerebral hemispheres (separated by longitudinal cerebral fissure) Transverse](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061313/56649ccb5503460f949950ab/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Hippocampus
Dentate gyrus
Hippocampal formation
![Page 14: The Telencephalon Xiaoming Zhang. The Telencephalon External features: 2 Cerebral hemispheres (separated by longitudinal cerebral fissure) Transverse](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061313/56649ccb5503460f949950ab/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Limbic lobe and limbic system: Limbic lobe: composed of cingulate gyrus,
parahippocampal gyrus and uncus.
Limbic system: comprises of limbic lobe and relative cortex
and other structures of brain (hippocampal
formation, part of amygdaloid nucleus,
hypothalamus and anterior nucleus of
thalamus)
Limbic lobe and limbic system: Limbic lobe: composed of cingulate gyrus,
parahippocampal gyrus and uncus.
Limbic system: comprises of limbic lobe and relative cortex
and other structures of brain (hippocampal
formation, part of amygdaloid nucleus,
hypothalamus and anterior nucleus of
thalamus)
![Page 15: The Telencephalon Xiaoming Zhang. The Telencephalon External features: 2 Cerebral hemispheres (separated by longitudinal cerebral fissure) Transverse](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061313/56649ccb5503460f949950ab/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Internal structures:
Gray matter
White matter
Lateral ventricle
Internal structures:
Gray matter
White matter
Lateral ventricle
![Page 16: The Telencephalon Xiaoming Zhang. The Telencephalon External features: 2 Cerebral hemispheres (separated by longitudinal cerebral fissure) Transverse](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061313/56649ccb5503460f949950ab/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Gray matter:
Cortex:
Functional localizations of cerebral cortex
— somatic motor area: in precentral gyrus and anterior part
of paracentral lobule; mainly control skeleton muscles on
the opposite side of body.
— somatic sensory area: in the postcentral gyrus and
posterior part of paracentral lobule; receive the sensory
signals from skin, proprioceptors and taste receptors on
the opposite side of body.
Gray matter:
Cortex:
Functional localizations of cerebral cortex
— somatic motor area: in precentral gyrus and anterior part
of paracentral lobule; mainly control skeleton muscles on
the opposite side of body.
— somatic sensory area: in the postcentral gyrus and
posterior part of paracentral lobule; receive the sensory
signals from skin, proprioceptors and taste receptors on
the opposite side of body.
![Page 17: The Telencephalon Xiaoming Zhang. The Telencephalon External features: 2 Cerebral hemispheres (separated by longitudinal cerebral fissure) Transverse](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061313/56649ccb5503460f949950ab/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
First somatic motor areaCharacters • Representation is inverted,
but head and face are upright
• A body part is represented by a cortical area proportional to its use rather than its size
• Receiving fibers from postcentral gyrus, VA, VL and VPL, sending out fibers to form pyramidal tract, controlling voluntary movements
![Page 18: The Telencephalon Xiaoming Zhang. The Telencephalon External features: 2 Cerebral hemispheres (separated by longitudinal cerebral fissure) Transverse](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061313/56649ccb5503460f949950ab/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
First somatic sensory area
Characters • Sensory representation,
like motor area, is crossed and inverted
• Receiving and interpret sensation from opposite side of body
![Page 19: The Telencephalon Xiaoming Zhang. The Telencephalon External features: 2 Cerebral hemispheres (separated by longitudinal cerebral fissure) Transverse](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061313/56649ccb5503460f949950ab/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
— visual area (striate area): surrounds the calcarine sulcus ;
receive the data from the temporal half of ipsilateral
retina and nasal half of the contralateral retina.
— auditory area (acoustic area): in the transverse temporal
gyri; efferent fibers of medial geniculate nucleus of
bilateral side end in this area.
— visceral moter area: in the limbic lobe.
— visual area (striate area): surrounds the calcarine sulcus ;
receive the data from the temporal half of ipsilateral
retina and nasal half of the contralateral retina.
— auditory area (acoustic area): in the transverse temporal
gyri; efferent fibers of medial geniculate nucleus of
bilateral side end in this area.
— visceral moter area: in the limbic lobe.
![Page 20: The Telencephalon Xiaoming Zhang. The Telencephalon External features: 2 Cerebral hemispheres (separated by longitudinal cerebral fissure) Transverse](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061313/56649ccb5503460f949950ab/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
— The language areas:
1. Writing area—posterior part of middle frontal gyrus.
2. Motor speech area— posterior part of inferior frontal gyrus.
3. Auditory language area posterior part superior temporal gyrus
4. Visual language area -angular gyrus
— The language areas:
1. Writing area—posterior part of middle frontal gyrus.
2. Motor speech area— posterior part of inferior frontal gyrus.
3. Auditory language area posterior part superior temporal gyrus
4. Visual language area -angular gyrus
![Page 21: The Telencephalon Xiaoming Zhang. The Telencephalon External features: 2 Cerebral hemispheres (separated by longitudinal cerebral fissure) Transverse](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061313/56649ccb5503460f949950ab/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
basal ganglion :
Corpus striatum:
Caudate nucleus:
“C” – shaped
head, body and tail of caudate nucleus
Lentiform nucleus:
Claustrum:
between the lentiform nucleus and insula.
Amygdaloid body:
holds the amygdaloid nucleus and lies at the end
of tail of caudate nucleus.
basal ganglion :
Corpus striatum:
Caudate nucleus:
“C” – shaped
head, body and tail of caudate nucleus
Lentiform nucleus:
Claustrum:
between the lentiform nucleus and insula.
Amygdaloid body:
holds the amygdaloid nucleus and lies at the end
of tail of caudate nucleus.
![Page 22: The Telencephalon Xiaoming Zhang. The Telencephalon External features: 2 Cerebral hemispheres (separated by longitudinal cerebral fissure) Transverse](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061313/56649ccb5503460f949950ab/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
White matter: 3 kinds of fibers
Association fibers:
— connect cortical areas in same hemisphere.
— Superior longitudinal fasciculus
— Inferior longitudinal fasciculus
— Cingulum
—Uncinate fasciculus
— Arcuate fibers
White matter: 3 kinds of fibers
Association fibers:
— connect cortical areas in same hemisphere.
— Superior longitudinal fasciculus
— Inferior longitudinal fasciculus
— Cingulum
—Uncinate fasciculus
— Arcuate fibers
![Page 23: The Telencephalon Xiaoming Zhang. The Telencephalon External features: 2 Cerebral hemispheres (separated by longitudinal cerebral fissure) Transverse](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061313/56649ccb5503460f949950ab/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Commissural fibers: — Corpus callosum
* at the bottom of longitudinal cerebral fissure
* 4 parts : rostrum, genu, trunk and splenium
— anterior commissure
— commissure of fornix:
Commissural fibers: — Corpus callosum
* at the bottom of longitudinal cerebral fissure
* 4 parts : rostrum, genu, trunk and splenium
— anterior commissure
— commissure of fornix:
![Page 24: The Telencephalon Xiaoming Zhang. The Telencephalon External features: 2 Cerebral hemispheres (separated by longitudinal cerebral fissure) Transverse](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061313/56649ccb5503460f949950ab/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Projection fibers:
— connect the cortex and subcortical structures
— internal capsule:
* a plate of white matter
* position:
medially to the lentiform nucleus;
laterally to the caudate nucleus and
thalamus.
* “X” – shaped in the horizontal section
* 3 parts: anterior limb; posterior limb and genu.
Projection fibers:
— connect the cortex and subcortical structures
— internal capsule:
* a plate of white matter
* position:
medially to the lentiform nucleus;
laterally to the caudate nucleus and
thalamus.
* “X” – shaped in the horizontal section
* 3 parts: anterior limb; posterior limb and genu.
![Page 25: The Telencephalon Xiaoming Zhang. The Telencephalon External features: 2 Cerebral hemispheres (separated by longitudinal cerebral fissure) Transverse](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061313/56649ccb5503460f949950ab/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
* projection fibers passing through each part of the
internal capsule:
anterior limb—frontopontine tract;
anterior thalamic radiation
genu—corticonuclear tract
posterior limb—corticospinal tract
thalamocortical tract
parieto-occipito-temporo-pontine tract
optic radiation
auditory radiation
* projection fibers passing through each part of the
internal capsule:
anterior limb—frontopontine tract;
anterior thalamic radiation
genu—corticonuclear tract
posterior limb—corticospinal tract
thalamocortical tract
parieto-occipito-temporo-pontine tract
optic radiation
auditory radiation
![Page 26: The Telencephalon Xiaoming Zhang. The Telencephalon External features: 2 Cerebral hemispheres (separated by longitudinal cerebral fissure) Transverse](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061313/56649ccb5503460f949950ab/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Anterior thalamic radiation
Frontopontine tract
Lentiform nucleus
Corticorubral tract
Parieto-occipito-temporo-pontine tract
Acoustic radiation
Optic radiation
Head of caudate nucleus
Corticonuclear tract
Corticospinal tract
Dorsal thalamus
Central thalamic radiation
Medial geniculate body
Lateral geniculate body
![Page 27: The Telencephalon Xiaoming Zhang. The Telencephalon External features: 2 Cerebral hemispheres (separated by longitudinal cerebral fissure) Transverse](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061313/56649ccb5503460f949950ab/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Lateral ventricles: “C”- shaped cavity in each cerebral hemisphere.
filled with cerebrospinal fluid
4 parts:
— anterior horn (in frontal lobe)
— central part (in parietal lobe )
— posterior horn (in occipital lobe)
— inferior horn (in temporal lobe)
communicated with the third ventricle
through the interventricular foramen.
Lateral ventricles: “C”- shaped cavity in each cerebral hemisphere.
filled with cerebrospinal fluid
4 parts:
— anterior horn (in frontal lobe)
— central part (in parietal lobe )
— posterior horn (in occipital lobe)
— inferior horn (in temporal lobe)
communicated with the third ventricle
through the interventricular foramen.
![Page 28: The Telencephalon Xiaoming Zhang. The Telencephalon External features: 2 Cerebral hemispheres (separated by longitudinal cerebral fissure) Transverse](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061313/56649ccb5503460f949950ab/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: The Telencephalon Xiaoming Zhang. The Telencephalon External features: 2 Cerebral hemispheres (separated by longitudinal cerebral fissure) Transverse](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061313/56649ccb5503460f949950ab/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
The Coronary section of the brainThe Coronary section of the brain
![Page 30: The Telencephalon Xiaoming Zhang. The Telencephalon External features: 2 Cerebral hemispheres (separated by longitudinal cerebral fissure) Transverse](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061313/56649ccb5503460f949950ab/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: The Telencephalon Xiaoming Zhang. The Telencephalon External features: 2 Cerebral hemispheres (separated by longitudinal cerebral fissure) Transverse](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061313/56649ccb5503460f949950ab/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Superior view of lateral ventricleSuperior view of lateral ventricle
![Page 32: The Telencephalon Xiaoming Zhang. The Telencephalon External features: 2 Cerebral hemispheres (separated by longitudinal cerebral fissure) Transverse](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061313/56649ccb5503460f949950ab/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
RMB: 35.00