the sun- chapter 2
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The Sun- Chapter 2. The Sun. Facts About Sun. Sun’s Color. The Sun Is Really White - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Sun- Chapter 2The Sun- Chapter 2
The SunThe Sun
Facts About SunFacts About Sun
Distance from the EarthDistance from the Earth
Diameter of the SunDiameter of the Sun
92.957 million miles92.957 million miles
864,950 miles864,950 miles
AgeAge
MassMass
5 Billion Years5 Billion Years
1.99 million, trillion, 1.99 million, trillion, trillion tonstrillion tons
Surface TemperatureSurface Temperature
Core TemperatureCore Temperature
10,900 degrees F.10,900 degrees F.
97 Million degrees F.97 Million degrees F.
CompositionComposition 90% Hydrogen, most of 90% Hydrogen, most of rest is helium.rest is helium.
Sun’s ColorSun’s Color
The Sun Is Really WhiteThe Sun Is Really WhiteAlthough the sun appears yellow when Although the sun appears yellow when
seen from Earth, it’s actually white! We seen from Earth, it’s actually white! We see the sunlight after it has been filtered see the sunlight after it has been filtered through the Earth’s atmosphere. The air through the Earth’s atmosphere. The air scatters that blue component, making the scatters that blue component, making the sky appear blue and the sunlight yellow.sky appear blue and the sunlight yellow.
Sun/ Earth ComparisonSun/ Earth Comparison
You could fit the diameter of 1,000,000 You could fit the diameter of 1,000,000 earth’s inside the sun.earth’s inside the sun.
Sun’s LayersSun’s Layers
Layers of the SunLayers of the Sun
Corona LayerCorona Layer Outermost layer of sun’s Outermost layer of sun’s
atmosphereatmosphere
Gas particles up to Gas particles up to 1,700,000 degrees C.1,700,000 degrees C.
Gas particles spread far Gas particles spread far apartapart
Barely cause a spacecraft Barely cause a spacecraft to heat up.to heat up.
Corona and EarthCorona and Earth
Holes in the corona Holes in the corona attribute to the attribute to the temperature on earth.temperature on earth.
Drop in atmospheric Drop in atmospheric temperature as sun’s temperature as sun’s magnetic activity is magnetic activity is most intense.most intense.
Chromosphere LayerChromosphere Layer
ChromosphereChromosphere
Photosphere LayerPhotosphere Layer
1). Photosphere 2). Chromosphere 3). Corona1). Photosphere 2). Chromosphere 3). Corona
PhotospherePhotosphere
CChhrroommoosspphheerree LLaayyeerr
Corona-topCorona-top Chromosphere-bottomChromosphere-bottom
Chromosphere- Beneath Chromosphere- Beneath Corona. Middle layer.Corona. Middle layer.
Several 1,000 km. thickSeveral 1,000 km. thick
Gases can suddenly flare Gases can suddenly flare up and stream as far as up and stream as far as 16,000 km in space.16,000 km in space.
Avg. temp- 27,800 Avg. temp- 27,800 degrees C.degrees C.
PhotospherePhotosphere
Innermost layerInnermost layer
550 km. thick550 km. thick
Often referred to as Often referred to as “surface of sun”“surface of sun”
Temp don’t usually Temp don’t usually exceed 6,000 exceed 6,000 degrees C.degrees C.
Venus and sun’s Venus and sun’s photospherephotosphere
Core LayerCore Layer
The CoreThe Core
Temperatures begin to Temperatures begin to rise again in the core.rise again in the core.
Up to 15,000,000 Up to 15,000,000 degrees C.degrees C.
Hydrogen atoms are Hydrogen atoms are fused into helium atoms, fused into helium atoms, releasing sun’s energy as releasing sun’s energy as heat and light.heat and light.
Active SunActive Sun
ProminenceProminence
Violent StormsViolent Storms
Prominence- Violent StormProminence- Violent Storm
ProminenceProminence Violent Storm with loops Violent Storm with loops
of gasof gas
Twisted loops originate in Twisted loops originate in chromospherechromosphere
Gases bend backward Gases bend backward and shower gases back and shower gases back onto sunonto sun
Storms can grow to size Storms can grow to size of sun and then of sun and then disappear a few hours disappear a few hours later.later.
Solar FlaresSolar Flares
Another kind of storm with bright bursts of Another kind of storm with bright bursts of light on sun’s surface.light on sun’s surface.
Solar FlaresSolar Flares
Doesn’t last more than an Doesn’t last more than an hour. hour.
During flare temperature During flare temperature can be twice the can be twice the temperature of the sun’s temperature of the sun’s surfacesurface
Huge amounts of energy Huge amounts of energy released into space.released into space.
Solar WindSolar Wind
The sun flings out The sun flings out solar wind particles in solar wind particles in much the same much the same manner as a garden manner as a garden sprinkler throws out sprinkler throws out water droplets. water droplets.
Solar WindSolar Wind Continuous streak of Continuous streak of
high-energy particles high-energy particles released into space in all released into space in all directions from sun’s directions from sun’s corona.corona.
Solar flares increase wind Solar flares increase wind speed and strengthspeed and strength
Increase can interfere Increase can interfere with radio signals and with radio signals and telephone telephone communications on earthcommunications on earth
SunspotsSunspots
Dark areas on sun’s surface.Dark areas on sun’s surface.
SunspotsSunspots
Appear darker Appear darker because they’re because they’re cooler than the rest of cooler than the rest of sun’s surface.sun’s surface.
Number appearing is Number appearing is always changingalways changing
Indication that gases Indication that gases spin or rotatespin or rotate
AxisAxis
Imaginary vertical line through center of Imaginary vertical line through center of the sun.the sun.