SSndor CSOKE

The Sumerian and Unal-Altaicelements in the

Old $lavic languaEe

1979

tor'benelrninubinstn rz

9py:t g!J_!v :

<ONOSI CSCIMA SANtfOtrttArsasag * histoniscl-re gesellscl-raft e.v. * histonical

aoo(] munchen so (genrnany) I telefon: rosgt60crety

r50 45 84

TABI,E OF CONTENTS

Prcfaccttord StmcturcWord Formatlon

Thc feasstlon of Nouns

Thc Formatlon of AdJectlves and AdJectlveThe Formatlon of Advcrbs rtth $ufftxeaThc Vcrb SufftxThe Verbel Noun end lts SufflxPronouns

Thc Nunorals

The Fonnatlon of the Noun Sufflxthc Ptrsonel Pronoun SuffixDenonstratlve Pronoun SufflxesThc AdJeetlve $ufflx end the Cornparlson ofthc Verb Suffk and lts 0omponcnts

The Verbal Nouns

Thc PreflxcsPhonetlc HlstoryThe Vowclc

Epllogue

Blbllography

Sufflxes

AdJeetives

It5

5

18

25

27

3h

36

hI+

48

59

6L

6z

66

7B

84

86

Printed in theFeileral" Republlc of G E R M A lI Y

by COPY DRUCK 19a1ter R O T II

Arcisgtraase 66.- BOOO Milncher-40

FebruaryL9T9

120

r32L35

Ca6ka- Botoa

ItDerorlaLorlr' frol).rqrnda aqailsL Lhe !h:nrlri.ans has heen

clrculating on e 1,rr-1e scale ln Lhe ltleslern i^Jorld for approxlnately

a hrrntlred years. The oriql.nators ol t,hese attacks vrere the French

and t,hc Csrchs, followed by bhe Rumanians, iigllr5 and also the iingllslr.

fl.v thrir accrrs,itione , ttrey lnt,end Lo convince thc l,IesLern World that

l,tt.- fiunqarl;rn n.lLion i.n Lhe Carpat,hian lJasin and t,he lanube Valle,y is

a. laLer irrLluder, a rrforej,'n body" anon6 the faml1y of llurotr)ean

rrations, who fot, a ririllennluni has only cg.used troubl,e. Therefore,

thcy l,ropose to arrnihil-at.e fhese people or, if this ls not posslble,

to reduce their prwer bo a rnirlinuni ... Lhen lhere nould be peace ln

thaL part of Llre continr:nt.rr

Tibor l3arath, A Kulfoldi l,iagyarsag Ideofoqia

I,iontreal, 1975 (p. f95 )

Remarks bv Sindor Cscjke on bhls quotatlon

The Flnno-Ugric historians and linguicls ' In mui;llaLed Hungary

and in the West ale dedi;;teal supporters oi thls Lrend (ihe annj-hilation

of Hungary). The acts oi tnu ffngiists and-historlans l-n Hungary can be

overlooked for understandable reisons, (OnI1r those uho support the

Finno-Ugric tlreory are .ii""*A a chalr at the Unlversltles' Translator)

but that the Western nf"nt-Ugtf" Ilngulsts havo such tendencLes cannot be

understood.'lrltro is forcltg tf,; to bicorne the executioners of the natl-on?"'

In the follo,,ring pages, rlth undeniable evldence, I wl1l dlsprovc

the unsclentific historicil"ana llngulstlc statenents of the Indo-European

Iinguists.

IIILiFACU

The wrlLer of Lhls essay studl,:d from writton clocumolt:rtho larrguage call-ed rt01d sravicr whrch should actrrrr.ry be cal.lerirrOld Bulgarlanrr as lt was ln the 1est,.

Accordlng to hlrtorlograpfu antl ltnqulstlcs" 1rr the nlnLhcentury A.D., a Slavlc people setCled ln the terrl.tory of ljalorrJk&,the northerrr part of present-day Greece. The languaqe of Lhese 3lavsles used b.v the Lwo chrlstlan mrsslonarles, cyrrl and ,ieLhod. rr or,rnrto spread Chrlstlanlty amon4 the peolrle.

Llnlulsts exarrdned Lhe structure arr.l vocabular.y of thisJ"anguage and declared lC to be of Indo-Fluropean orlqin.

The wrlter of thrs essay exanr-ned the struct,ure arrd vocabrrr;rrryof thls lan4uaiio and he carlo to the conclusion that Old llulsnrlan __

more recently rr0l-d Slavl-crt - Ls actually ln lts structure a rruri

aAglutlnatlvo language and ?Ol or more of its vocabularly also hel.onrs

t9:"j:itl{ ._l -agslutlnattve Langua,qes .For ny 6xartnatlon r urcd the cssaya of H.H. Blelferdt: Altslavlsche

Gramatlk, publlshed br Haue/seerc, 196l-. rn the following pages, r presentto thc readcr t'hc results of thir examlnatLon. r gt,ate from Lhe beglnnlngfhat thc language ihlch Ls eallcd old slavie hag l"etters whl-eh do notorlSlnatr fron thc Greck but rhteh are identlcal to the lcttaru of the0opttc languagc" or cLsc thcy orLglnetc frrom the sarnc aouree lrom whleh the0recks borr.owcd thcl-r arphabrt. Hcr€ r present the Koptl.e charaeterg and theOrerk charactera. It x111 not be dlfflculb for the reader to see the bruth.Characters of the Koptlc lengrragcr

A- a

B-b['- g

A- a

e-cZ'"H 'e,30-ttt

l 'lrJX-ril-1M-n\l- "Z- kerxo-xfl-p

f-rC'"oT-tY - orrry

t 'on[ - kh,ch

Y- p"

Cd - B,?

C.A.t)' s

V-rb,$ - n,",

q -^h47 =h)L-;G - erk.J

-"lt = tr

Csokc-Botoe -3- csSke-Botos-z-

Characters of the Greek languagclO qa 'VI.-t<P=r ) -rt=e {r=n8*a '9-nE =c 1-r"5=a" o -o2'e 'I( - p

nX=th € -nL=I F -,t

6,5 =eT-r'D=iif-tX="ttY*p"Ld =odu=u

TIORD STNUCTURE

?hc mltlng ayrtco of thc Old fllavle Language.

cf. Blrlfeld| Op. Ctt. p.24

The reader doos not need any speclallzed knorlcdgc to be ablc toco&pare the forms of the charactcrs of thesc languages. Hc w111 coac tothe concluslon thnt the characters of the rr0ld $lavicrr languagg are cLoger

to the Koptlc characterg than to the Greek. Fron thls fact xe nay drarr

far-reachlng conclusions ...

(Translatorrs Note: Fron tfuae to tlncrthe pronunciatlon of a Slavic rordls indlcated. I have kept the authorrs transcriptlon, but would llke topolnt oui that the letter -J- ls to be pronounced as the Engltsh -y-. )

8-eFA.JA6 -bB-tI-n

t-D - Turktsh E

/t-dt-QK-Js)tt - {/r"J'rSrdzH--rl(-h

Jl-L[-[H-no-ofl-pP'r

T-toy-ulo- Ju

{'rx-eht(-e4 - {/ea/tll ' Y/a/Y - &/ar/fr = g/ nasal,/tbl - ut

b-lt-i

fr.giA-{naaaL/lil-JtrF-q /naaal/

t 'ke /uax/f - pe/ pst/'+ 'th.rg - urlrb

c - d/sz/ ,..

I uto the latln lattcra in transcrlblnq, folJowlng the data ofthe quoted work, !o that cvcn thc non-ltngulstle speclallst may flnd ttcasy to undcrstand the phonctLcs of the examined words. I have kept theorlginal forrns of only the capeelall,y unugual lctters,

e.g. thc rrlttsn fonn: FplAj- eltythe tranacrl.bed forn: grad% - clty

In the O1d Slavlc languagc therc was vowel harmony but llngulstlcsclence ls silent about this (for undorstandable reasons). eieUelOt(0p.Cil. p.2!) wrttes about the funportant characterlstics of vouel herrronyt

rr 'Ihe opposltion of the back and front vowela ls of fundamentallnportance. The union of consonants wlth folLowing vowels ln OldSlavic follows certal,n rulcsi l-n fmnt of the vowels of bolh rowsonly certaLn consonants can etand. The laws of palatalizatlon areconditional on the dlfference bctween these tl,ro rows. The vowefs ofboth rows are lnterchangeable ln the inflexional endlngs and sufflxes;e.g. the dlfference between therrhafd add"x36ftil roots l-n the decllnationals connected to the dlffcrence betws:n the two rows Of vowelstr...

That 1s a clear 1aw of vowel harmony Just as ln any agglutlnatlvelanguaqet For what reason ls llnguistic research slLeni on thls lmportantIanguage characterlstic?

According to this larr:rhe hard vowels

o /o/zl lut/h /9/a /a/

^ /y/ov /u/

For a comparison with the Old Turklsh see Gabaln, Op. Clt. p. 4,+

-5-

WORD FOTTMATIOI{

I. Tha Forrnatlon of Nouns

1.. Old Slarle -o, xrltton -%3 actlon, contlnuatlon or a

contlnuatlon, thercfore ln nost cases ab3treet ldeas.r.g.t lbborb - neetlng, getharlng

pouorb- play, vletorytok! - currant, flood1016- trench, plt (nrnct) (ttung. rords)

Aa eonctctc nounst

vort - ragon

"vont - sound, rlnglngIn Old Turkirhr -I, -1, -u, -ii, ctc

udu - cscort

tarl - platnIn Flilnlah! .b; -u, ctc.

naunr - laughlng[ahso I rageS

kuolo - death

In Votyak-Zyrlanl

u$to - holcr openlng

"oita - u.r. (as ebovc)

In Anatolian-TurklshlyazY - r.rttlng

korku - feargfir'ri - flockr hard

Thle characterlstle la apparent ln Suncrlan also:!l-g's r rlalngdug-a - laylng, ordcr

!al.-a - part, sharcCoeparc thesc wlth Diakonoff, Opo Ctt. p.6O

-4-

rPa'4'b =grad? -c1tylt0l(% = tok? = current (air or water)

ptlla =falba =ftsh

The soft vowels

e,K /e, Je/vI /i/b /i/

B,la /i,xa/a t^ /9,19/

lo /Jn/

Csoke-Botos csdke-Botos

result of the

-6- cs6ke-Botos

Itul6: In the Old Slavic language, the letter -o, wrltten -'t lndicates

a noun and is ldenLical wlth the noun-suffix (noroen agentiefactlonis)

of the ag.gtutlnatlne languages and therefore cannot be of Indo-European

origin.

2. OId Slavic: -kor -oko, -ikowrltten: -k6, -ibkf,, -ikL

Noun suffix meanlng the result of an action.

a/. -kbe.g. znakt = sign

. root: zna- - knowr recognize

c.f. Russian: zvuk (zvu-k = soundr rlnging

b/ - -:bk'b

e.g. stplet-[kt =weaving, spinning, knlttingostat-6kb - remainder

c/, -it<'be.B. moden-ik% = na.rtrr

ouien-ik%* student etc.

These suffixes naturally do not only form nouns from verbs but also

from other nouns. Therefore thelr functlon 1s rrdenomlnalisrr and rrdeverballsrr.

e.g. 01d Slavlc: zla-k'L= vegetables

t<anhL.tb =r atono

zlat -ik%= sold rnedal

Noun suffixes in the agglutinative languages:

01d Turklsh: anu-q = readiness

k6zirnirk = wlndow

csdka-Fotos

Chcranisst

Flnnleh:

Turklshr

Llt. hongollant

Tungualan3

Flnnlsh:Turklehtl4ongoJ.lant

Old turklehltlurr.Ltc:

Urartu!Old Slavle:

tat-5t r plccepuh-ck - spceeh

rynni-tr*ii r ettaekuiif-i* - troopyaz-lk - rlitdaga-kl - roolhlsa-ki - rhoulder

Blclfoldt, Op. Ctt. p" 119r arontl.ons thc sufflx cluster: _?n_ lk_%,erd 8tate' that the conpound rufflx -?n-t conslsts of a posscssl_verdJcctlvc cufflx end thc tbovc-ncntloned -lk? noun auffix whleh creaLes Urcnomen agentLa/ actlvla - or hoolrr ls t{e cen crie, thc noun sufrlx -tk! orlqlrr-ates fron the agglutlnatlve Lenguagea. The orlgrn of the suffr-x -rn? rsalso to be found tn alnllar conponcnLs ln the agglutrnatrve languages,€rf,o Ln Vogul. the adJectlye gufftx -eD

tseT - *6.npuun r of the trec (genttlvc)sYln - of the housc

ekeyln - of the rrothcrrtonEugutl o of f,he pearlhaldt-t$ - untranslatable (adJectlre)urbar-l.nnl - sacrlflclalg$i-tn" - gultbyprav{d-fh? - truthfulgospod-lnB - bei"onglng to the arlstocrac.ypogan-1n6 - belonglng to the pagans ...

As far aa 116 can sce, thl.s suffh ls ldentlcal to the posscsslve edJeot,lvasuffh -1n of uhe ural-Artelc language and is also rdentlcal to thaaufflx of the posscssive easa. Thcrcfore lt ir not of .llavle orlnln.Thc conpourd I -ln-{k-?

rrltten ! -tn-lkg in Old Slavle also crcates nouns from nounn.?.g. gf$t4nt ' gutlty) grtthtkts * crtmlnal

ktntiGntltg = 11[eratcposttnlkG= fasber (one who fasts)lstodtnlkz,= sprl-ng (r*ater) ...

-9-

laula-Ja - aLnger, slngl"rrg

t,ektJi * cdnoltt€r, doervidntl(vl8nt-t -drlltpalstl( palst-t - roastednoral - slnger, slnglngkult - dytng

koirtJe - tellorekscJ - prlnc6, lordiittol - rroio

zltodtt - crlmlnal etc.

-lEtn, -fitn - norren actorls!krlrrfdln - steersman

ktnl$dln - Llteratc-6ln - nonen actorls

kapuSln - gate quarrl (Hung: kapu6r)rutu8ln - messenqcr (ttune: rut6$pt6lEln - gecretaryr clerk, efic.

csdke-Botos-8- ce6ke-Botos

This same sufflx exl-sts in the Ural-Altalc languages a1so.

e.g. Uzbek: -nlkiu-ni"ki = hla

kolchoz-niki = of the kolkhozdavlat-niki = of the farm

The second conpound suffix ls not a Slavlc element either but agaln belongsto the aggl-utlnative ).anguages:

-tnin%, -Fanln! , -anln'6 ara again possessi.ve adJectivcsuffixes.

graldanlng = cl-tlzenr cltydrcellerslov-tnin% = of the word

Finnish: suonalalnen - of [he lakeetynologinen = of etynoloey etc.

Structural analysis: slodtnln6 slov-tn-in%noun-suf flx<-'-=J

Ipossesslve adJective suffix <J

l. 01d Slavic -ai7: noinen actorisvratai% = guard, gate guard

rt{bar% = fishermanHurriLe, nomen actoris: iz-uri = errand-bo/, messenger

Urariu, tr tr :a-l-ure-leader

b) othcr languageo!

Flnnlsh

contractlont

llordvlnlaniconlracllon t

Lapp

Votyak

Zyrlan

01d SlavLc

cf. Estonian;

Hungarion;

Turklsh I

kaL-ur - fLghennan

vez-6r - leaderfut-5r - messenger

yaz-ar = writ,er etc.

The ldentieallty ls urdcnlablc. The word gtructure and the cornponanL!of f,ho Language whlch rhtch hac been dcclared to be slavlc or o1d srevlcarc ldcntlcal to thosc of the agglutlnatlve languages, thercfore thlslenguagc whlch re knon fron llngulstlc reuraLns, ls not of rndo-r,uropcanortgl,n.

5.Tte cuffixea -tal, -atalQr$. pozoretel - vleter

chodatal - nedlatorratal - plornen, planter etc.

Hongollan: -talr -tc[norltal - hopse-rtder, knightsurttuutsl . Learned, cducated

Its functlon accordlng to the Engllsh lanegaqe itongoll;rn grannarLrt trto form nouns deslgnatlng possesslonl eonnectlon wlth 6r containmcnLln aoocthlngil "..

[. 01d Slavlc -Jo, wrltten -jZ>-J1'> -"6 (contractlon)a) nomen actorls: voEd6 = leader

slra\6 = guard

pladA = crylns, elc. 6. The sufflxos:

iiongollan:

-I0- Csdke-Botos

7. Norren agentis suf.fix : _tel{a01d Slavic : dtla - work ; dBla _ tet{a = worker

krCsti = christen: kr'sti-te16= chrlstenineoudi = teach : oull-tel4= teacher

'lhi.s is the fonnation of the elements in a suffix_eluster:It consists of the -t whieh ls thc causative verb and the -1 whtch is bhenoun suffix, and which has an ldonLieal neaning in arr of the agqlutinatlvclanguagcs.a) the -t causativeOld Turklsh:Turklsh:Hun3ar"ioo r

Cheremiss:

'l cld sfavlc:'/

b) the noun suffix -1:Hungarlon:

"o1d slavlc:tlIt ls notable that in

belonge to Lhe aggluLlnatiueuUi- . ?he palaiillzation of

The above _mentioned

rnascu-l_l-ne noun group.

c.8.

cf.O1d Slavlc:

cf. Bl.clfeldt,

dlg- ' 11" !

hon* - rrlttcn !eman- - lcay€ fdleb- - eat 2

df,eb- - cat r

dt- - uork r

naElf,. - begln !

/*ordlo/ ) raloOp. Ctt. p. 120 and

-11- cs6ke-Botos

df-tle - wi_ng

hon-atla - clearlnpem6 -t1b o remalns

dleb-btle - lefLoversdXeb-lr - food

At-to - rork of artna6th-1o - beglnnlng

- plorgh ctc.Benzlng, lannutlschc GramrriaLLk, p 1g/A6e...

suf f lx:

8. Now let us examine the noun sufflxes whlch endwhich belong to the neuter noun Rroup.Ol-d Sl-avic: -1o, n"itten -lo, accordlng to Slavlcwith its contractlon from the ancl-ent form n_dlo:

*-dlo) -14,,,

I'his component can also be found ln its originalLanut : -t1> and -Ie

uqYt- = teaeh, lnstructokut- = u.s.oktat = u.s.EuiSt<ta = starveoudl-te-l1o = teachcr

t<iit6-l = rope

fon6-1 = ,r."'.ouElte-l? = teacher etc.

the word ouElte1-t, = teacher, the root wordIanguages: ln old Turkish ukl_ ) slavlcthe -k- sound supports thls.sufflxes whlch formed nouns belong to the

with the letter -o and

linguists, originated

9. the edycrb of placc aufflx t -lltaOld Slavlc: stnfmG - agocmblv

slndn-tgtc - aasembl;,'-placc

lschodt - cxltlsehod-lJtc r placc of exlLrflkrov? r reeclrs (htdlng)aCcov-l$te - hldlng-Flaec, els.

Thc cornpound sufflx -tUtc 1g made up of the rlatlvus. sufflx -5 and theLocatl"vc suffi.x -te" NaturaLly, these sufflxes are to be found orr a lar,,cicele ln the aggl.utlnatlvc Languages. rn the cherernlss languaqe, the.v appcnras a ruffk lndlcating an adyarb of Flaec and as a casc endlnA.Thu! ln thc Chcrcrnlss languagc:

tuUU(tu-Sto - therepurla-5to - on tho rlqht

t$-{te - hercOld Slevlc: dlkrov-tUtc - hl-dlng-placcr etc.Thls sufflx, ln the course of llngulstlc change, hecame a sufllx in ilrefornatlon of nouns ln tho languaee ilhl-ch ls eallcd Old Slavtc. Let us

nor cxamine the fernlnlne noun suffLxes.

lO. Ttrc Old Slavlc sufflx -a fonns the deverbatlvc nouns. In tto orlclnli ta ldcntlcal to the mareulLne and neuter qerrder fonns -o a,tl -e.rhlch together orlglnate fron the agglutlnatlve lanquaqes whlch gt,tll.cxlsl today.

lorm l"n Tungusian and

-r2-

lsdbna * exchange, chanqe

ograda = fence

opona = eurtainbeii = glory, fame

qutada = happiness

lale = ghare

duga = saylng, cornrnand, efc,cf. the words quoted under point # 1...

Ll. The Old Sfavic suffixes -ka, -ika, -Rka, -?dkae.R. blit-ika = the followinq

of,-lka = relatlvekltt-Dka - ceII, prlsonvlad-ldka= rulermot-ttka = spade, etc.ar-qa =back

Jel-tI -neck-fleshJil -kd - neck

ama-ka =bearaja-ga =drinkLng-bowleap- ka = chopstlcks

rttsf- t. = bundle

uomSl- ka - work

kelbi-ka -spadernot-?6ka = spadc, egc.

cs6ke-Botos-r3-

kalltka, kallcka E eaqe

klltb - Schlogs (esstlcl lock)klltt-le - le-/be-/z6r - lock up,lnt$t-%ta ' cellklttka - ccllzSrka (Hune.) - cell

csdkc-Botos

e.8.

01d Turkish:

Su!fteriani

Turki-sh:

Kl"rg'iar:

Kqtanr-Tatar:Tungusianr 6old I

t{ongolian:

Manchurian:

Chereniiss:

Tungu6i.an!

Ol-d Slavlc:

Proof.:

Hungarian:

Turklsh:ef.

Old SlavlcrScrbo-Croatlan:l4orphologyt

I bellcvc that the Hungarl-an Academ"r' of Sclencc rrLll remove that word(t<atlttta) froo the llst ofrslavlctloan-words. The noun-suf.Lxes -ka/-kdtogethrr and separately emphaslze that thls word has been taken from Lhe

Hungarlan lenguage lnto Lhc Slavlc ...

12. Old Slevlc:

In conrrection ulth Lhis, ue have to mentlon the Hunqarian word lkalitkalwhich the r-lnno-Ugrlc llnquists have declared tc be a loan-word from theSlavic.Let us state thai this Hungarian word phonetl-ca1]y, morphoJ.ogicall-,, and

seurantlcall.y drifbed frorr the agglutinatlve lanquaqes into the Slavlclanguages.

= cage,

Zyrlen-Votyak:

Chcrcnlggr

Vogull

13. Old Slavlcl -lnatl5tnalstlna

gtalfitslna

ro,fotlnagodlna

old Turklsh: tiitilntlrin

Irongoll-anl bagana

0smani tlknHKazanl- Tatar: tlginii

-ota (noun-sufllx)

tloUota - cleanlLncss

toplota - heat

vellkota - greatness etc.klzta - thlckness

ku65b - greatness

;osit - lcngth

(nary functions )

o !tLonc6, stlllness- truth- superlor, old

- latrn

- hour

- snoke

r feglnent- Eupportlnq-been

- toknd (Hung.) - troueh, wa.shtub

' u.sr

-I/+- cs/dkc-Botos

14. 01d Sl-avic: -"/oe6, -6ce,.$ss, (-ica) in aI1 t,hree gen6ers:Korean, Tungu€lan, iiongollan: -aEl, -31, -ta, -ge, -kg

vvrurKl-sn: -ac, -c01d Turkish: -Ea, -Xii,lordvinian: -kd, -kellun.garion: -ka, -ke ,

is the

Thus:

etc.

-L5- csdke-Botos

i) The old 91av{a -te6 s! e noncn agentls sufflx ls ldenblcal to

thc noa€n actorla auf,flx -8f, -f, -cf/c - dzs/ln the aBslutlnatlve languegca.

Old Slavlcl Lav-tctr hunter

b ar-'6cA- tarrlorLtor-tcG - crletor

l{ongollanr tar{an - ll r pcaaant

ota-Ul - doctor

norl_{l r grooil

ef. OLd Slavlct ]lr-{ca. - huntcr etc.

b) ai a dlnlnutlve suffk:old turklsh: au-lt-l - av daddy

8gt-Eri-il - ny mrrrr/ty

gld Slav1ct grad-{e3'1tttLe eltvoUtat-i ct. llttle eloud

Lcb us now look at thc changc ln palatallzatlon.

Llnguists bell-eve that this suffix or the -c sound goes back toan Indo-European -k- sound whlch underwent palatallzation. Howcver,when we study the ldenticaL forms in the Alteic languages, we have toreJect this theory because the rndo-Europeam orlgl-n is Just a hypothcsiswhereas the existence of these suffixes in the agglutinatlve languagesis undeniable.

Let us take the O1d Slavic word ot4cG= dad , whlch supposcdlyAncient Slavic xot% = father , with a dj.mlnutlve sufflx.

Old ; Slavlc: oL4 cA I :tot4t<GiThe suffix t -lecG(-+4k(.: k)c (palatalizatlon)

Tungutlant

l{anchurlant

t{ordvlnlan:

neJk6. llttlc l-ouse

cclkc - Ltttlc brotherpanXke - ltttlc flowcr

Let us now look alLit. !ron!ol1an:

Altaic Turkish:KaLnuck:

cf.Ancient ilavlc:Old Slavlc:

the l4ongo.l-lan slndlarities :

e8e-ge = father, dad, olditr-gd = u.s.otsl -gaa= rrs.ets-kD E u.s.;+ot$-klo

oLbc6

rlvcllke - llttle fox

Zyrlant bedok - llttl€ stickpuok - lltblc trec

llrmqrrlon ft6k - llttls blrdcf. Rueclenr kruzs6k - llttle clrclc

ku"6t - ltttlc olece

f,azanl*r Tatar: trurlfi. llttle chlck

cf. Rurglan: b6tJutkt - ny dadd1, cter

fhcrcfotc ln both caaes t,hcrr crlats a phonetlc change: k)t, k)c, nnrt U ) o,

all rtthout any Indo-fiuropean nlareprescntatlon.

In Tungurtan/tarnut/ thLc cxlstr ln the followlng form: -kin (-kS-n

u11k1-l6n - llbtle squlrrclurakcf-k5n - llttte h111, etc

The Anclent S1avic word ls unknovm; it is a llngulstic hypothesls,while Lhe i'longorlan suffix is a realit.v. The above suffixes are origJ-nalnoun suffixes with a dlnlnutive functi,on ln the ranguage whlch is caLl"cd01d $1avlc and they have no connecil.ons wih the hypothettcar lndo-Europeansufflxcs. The language whtch ls callort old slavic is an agglutlnativeIanguage. r .

e.8e

-16- cs6ke-Botos

The ncuter and femlninc sufflxeg naturally bclong here. According tothesc statemcnta, the -ga, -Ica sufflxes, whlch thc Flnno-Ugric llngulstsmentl.on repeatedly, are not of sl,avlc orlgln. Let us flnlsh our obscrvatLontrith this conelusLon:

01d Turklsh: 14ik = cow

Turklsh: inek - cow

01d Slavic: Fonica = calfFlnnlah, morpholog:r penlkka= puppy

The -k syfflx became -c ln Old S1avlcl ln thls casc.lhe -a suffir rras theslgn of the femlnlne (demonstratl-ve pronoun). The Turkish sound -l- et thcbeglnning of the word wss: to. . ln old Slavic ...

-17-

Conpound form: -ttfaGrgr a8-t'tfa - aetlon

Hungarl-ent t6.r.tcl - actlon ttlJiive-tcl - eonlng

hlva-tal - offlcc .. , e-lc,

17. Thc 01d Slavtc noun Euffhr -n4odanlr glverbranl- battlc

cs6kc-ttouos

boltr-ni - sl,ckncss

Vogult bl-n)- llfe, dwelllng

FLnnlcht kohi-na - murnur

I havc prcsentcd nlnciy pcrccnt of thc noun suffixcs of thc lnn4tnqc

rhlch ls callcdrbld SlavlelIt cen slrcedy bc statcd that, ln thc language whlch ls cal.led Old

Slarlc, thc ordcr of noun tufftrctr togethar wlth aLl t,he sufflxes lcldantlcal to that of thc eggluttnatlvc lenguagc6. Thercfore thc old Slavle

languaga k not Indo-EurDpoen but ls a member of ihe great famllv ofiSglutlnatlvc languagea.. .

cf. OId Slavlc:

L5. The Old Slavic6.8.

Tungu3ian:

Yakut:

Turklsh:

16. The OId Slavic

c.8.

I4ongolian:

Hungorian:

ouienikz = student

oudonlca - glrl otudent, elc,

noun sufflx: -t4blagoda-t6 = mercy

s/6mr6-t4= dcath

ta -t6- robbcr

vLas -tG- FowerpeY -ta- ovon

top -ti = sphere, ballkal -tt = scissorskYP -tY - u.3.t6r -t - fourbi -t = Iouse

sYr -t - mountal"n ridge

nonn sufflx: -E16 , written -tt{ and -ai-.lo

6atb-!b16 - danger, perilpeE-al?" * mournlng

obit-tlG - dwelLlng

Jobal = suffering

Jtrgal = happiness

tral6t = death

-16-

formation of AdJcctives and AdJect,ivc S,tffl.xo".

ending in vowels lndlcated bv: - 16

mll% - fricndly, dcarsltpe = bllnd

chrom? - lame

souchto- drynuorL - young

pioni - snal-l

uusi = ncrd

hyr5 = good

gul-a = btgdug-a = good, nlceyek-e - blg

klcsi - smal1

fekete-black, etc.

csdke-Botoc

CoSr

vogulr - PFirmtahr

Mongollanr

ChcrcnLcrl

llurrltcrUrartu:lungrgte4,/Larmrt/

4. Old Slevlc: -tsk?., -likn&, .<ik}G.t. 6lad-%k$ r sn*ct

krat-Zk% - lhortIlr- okt, - rlde

llulg'arianl puf- 6k - bloated

Zyrlanr

llordvlnl.an

Old Turklrhr

TurkL;hr

5. Old Slarlclc of,r

I'lnnlsh:

cs6ke-Botos

yoleYod-ln% - of the leader (thc lcaderre)rul-lnB - of the snake (the snakers)l4arl-ln?a - of liary (lhryrs)isc2 - of the cltylain - of the fathcr (thc fatherrr)ereyin - of the nen (the manrs)a6an$n - of the father (the fatherrs)laldl-lna . of thtdl (narnc)

urb-er-Lnn. - of the eacrlflce (sacrtflclal)aD-?t r of the father

nakat-e7rlr of the bcer

_r9-

3. Thc Old Slavlc posacarLvc edJcet!.vc auffh,l -{n%The

I. AdJecbives

e.8.

Finnish: -i suffix

Sunerien:

Mongolian:

Hungarien:

2. The nrost

e. g.

-a suffix

usual sufflx: - Gnlo

0stonlani -ne suffix

Zyrl-an: -ii sufflx01d Turkish: -.gsufflx

Vogul: -.7 suffixMordvlnlan:

vbr 6 n'6 = falthful, loyalzakon6n%- lawfuldI,l"{^nFl"- ovtLn|

ElBt'6nV- honorable

dosto6n?- daservlngvegine - wct, damp

edeslne = farvekr{t - narrow

6ri2 = 6"toayan&y = honorable

n*ag = famous

ke/e2 * angry

salo, - sa1t, etc,

hac- 6k - llsrkoknld-tk i .ffortLcsrJcJrd-lk - rhltlih6tl-ke - h6eyy

kuve-ke - longsiir-fik r chanIa-r* - saintlx

ttgl-lik - bllndkfi-Ik - brrkcnsol-uk - faded

biiy-rik = bts erc.

-v4 t -avzo(adJcctlvca showlng a chara.cterLstlc)tl-vt - llvclytin-av3- mrddy

krtriv-avtr'"' bloodyvere-vE - bloody

Llha-va - moaty

-20-

llhe-v - ncatysalo-v - galt

Csoki-Bgtos

ldantlcaL to the 01d Turktsh rdJcotlvc e,ttttx -t / -e

mltost-lv? - pltlfulstraU -1vr6 - fcarfulltn- 1r% - lazya8r-lg - ln loveslotaT' - negllgcnt

_2L_

( nagy)-riird- ( bls ) -€ared... - f6t6 - ... -lesgcd...- kezii - t.. - hands , elc.

Thls suffli la ldcntleal to tho Sunerlan -ag/-ak genl-Llvc sufflx.Phonetlcg: as) * )

"1 1"r lgii )E - -Gl-6

*cii ) eu) ev --eYt /-ova .,.cf. litrrgarlanr posacoslvc aufflxcs -6 and -t

9. The Old Slavlc possessLvc edJcetlve sufflx -tt belongs lo Lhe abovc

group ard ls ldentleal to tha f,u6gE!.tmg ibngoll"n -6, -i, -aJ., -e|, -land to the Sunerlan -a61 and thc Urartu -c/-l arrl ls not of Indo-EuropeanoriglnrOld Slavlel

l,longollant

Urartu!

rrltben - ?G.B. Old Slavlcl

Huhf,elilbnl

csSke-Botog

cf.uordvlnlan:

6, 01d Slavlc: -llyl.iPhonctlcc: ?l)X )vc.8.

Old Turklshr

Flnnlsh:

7. 01d Slavle

01d Turklshl

c.g.

Phonctlca:

01d Turkish:

cf. Egtonian:

8. Old Slavlc

c.8.

Hungarlant

arllvikcvi

- clcan

- Etrong

klrJava i coloufflrl

suffl-x clusterr -tltr% . l'or lts funetlon cf. abovi

-lltr otc.razom-y'liv? - lntelllgentaavld-€llvt6 'anvlougposlouU- dllrL- obedlcnt

-rrf, ) 1r1) uu ) utada-Ilf, - dangcrous

tiir-liig - nannGrlY

qutf-flf' deacrvlng

lapee-llk - chtldlsh ctc.

pos6c8lrl,vc ceacl -oylf, and -61116

Srom-ov? - of thc thurrdcr

$o8-ovl6 r noon

L(ev-otS - of thc llon /oroazL6nos/Pctr-ov€ - Pcterrs

r {parltcl-dva - of the Savlour

nud-ov-rlthaholskiv-cv - atony

sod-ov ..sootyplL-cv - blg-cared(l)

reb-ll - of the prLsoner

prr-ll r of the do6

tff qf+1e / - uhose? /ttt/ Huryo,ia,'tkit?/qaden-al - of the Khan

ef. qa6en-l - lrr3rilt-nu-a-1-n6-e-1' MLnuars ete.

Noici Th€ rrl.tcr, rhen hc nakca thls ltngulstlc eomparLson, does nob uac

hypothettcal etynol-ogy but takct hl"s lnformatlon from rrrltten documenhed

Itngulrtlc data.

The slmplc posscsslve adJcctlrc sufflx belongs In thls qroup, bhe -l sufflx,

6lovti-a. hunan /Hung.t ernber-l/pmroE-t - prophetle

natcr-6 - notherly /tlung,t anya-l/ktrfly-t F royalfir-t - gentlemanly

&rya-l r notherl"y otc.l{ordvlnlanlnaturally thla suffir can be found also ln the ot,her agr.l-uttnatlve lnnqrrngor.

-22-

*1&, - 4ltt,, !tsr,t

cs6kc-Botos -2)-

-sc - tr (posscsslrc)

-Di - posscaslvc adJcettvc srrffix-[i t u.".

ur-bu-e-sc - b€longlng to the sacrlflceSardurl-fl - Sardurlrcpab-an-24 - of the nountlln, thc mountalncs

-sc + dr ) -ac71,

::;1,

csSkc-Botos

10. 01d Slavlc!e.g.

Chorcmlss:

Turklsh:

?unggsian/tamut:

n. The OId Slavi-t denonstratlvc adJcctlvc sufftx: -{fi{; ls idcntlcalto the Hungarlan lativus sufflx: -nle.8. plBa-{fi4 = first

poslBd-46€ * lasloutr-146 - nornl-ng

b].'r,E-1"t4 * noarby

Hungarlan: ...Pap-nl...mcster-nyl...dobds-ny1-ra rrr i ,..as far &a onc cen throw ......p111anat-nyl-ra... - ln the baLtlng of an cyelld.. e{r.

Naturally thls sufflx can also be found Ln SumerLan. Thcrefore we cannottake lt to be a sufflx borowed from the SlavLc lanErage.

From these observatlons, we nay etate that the adJectlvo sufflx lnthe language which is ca11ed 01d Slavlc, ln all lts forms, is noiIndo-European but ls ldentlcal to the fonns of the aggtutinatlve languaqes.

lz' Let us flnlih by taklng thc ord slavle ;osscs.rlve adJcctlve s'ffixesvhlch ean bc found ln t'hc ocroan end Baltrc languagca: -sko, wrltten:-6skv. Lct us rtatc thet thla forra ls aetually a conpound taken from thee8glutlnatlvc languagco lnto thg Baltlc and Gernan languages because thelrnguagc rhleh ls caLlcd Old Slrvtc, in ltr llngulstle etrueture end voeabrrrary,balongl to thc eggl,utlnaf,ita Languagesr

Proofr.Thc eornpoundt -4aktb1 -6a*toTunguclary'larnut/ I -lsff ( -ar-ktt

| -tskt,V -skl ...

mcanlng: belonglng t6 ronconc or ;ornethlng.Thcoc compound ruffhcr ean bc found ln thc loLloring anclent wrltuendoeurontad forml:Urartu:

llurrltc:..8. Ura.tu;

HunltclThc conponenttt

Tu4uslan/,aort3

thc conpound auffhl I. -rcFlnhtoh! puu-katr/ks -Usz/ - belonglng to the tree

niie-krt - belonglng to the htllala-c - undcr

yl6-r - up

iindc-s

JatS -rc - of thc rtllagc, ah.

krge-l% - round

top-L% E warn

srtBt-+t?' - brightk %4s-t1% = sour

teur-lc = swect, tastykuat-Ic - powerful, strong

. t5n5s-1e = peaceful

sewlm-ll - dcar

tiiy-lii - feathered

tat-IY - gwoet

kan-Il - bloody

bu7 tu-ll - round, sphorlcalnibu-1l = dLehevellcdr etc.

cf.

ilongollan:

Chafo[lrst

Mongollan:

Kazanl Tatar:ALbalc Turklsh:01d Turklsh:Tungusian components:

01d S1avlc:

-21+-

-f,r, -fdaqayln-kl- = bclonglng to the olderatan{-q{ = bel,onging to the fatheratanY-f,! = u.e.fUrli-n - of the lnsideE wi -skl = hcre

aug-ski - back

tule -skl = out

tawa-skl" = therc, !tc.t:.o,f\E-bsk6 = human

za-$sktlc = carthlyVol_4aXQo = godlInebes-rsk?, * heavenLy, etc.

cs5ke-Botos

brother

e}-

Formatlon of ldtcrbr,rtth Sufftial

r) Adv.rbr of plec6!

OLd 9laYlc: -dc? - $hor.?c.8. ktdc - khcre?

nlktdc - norherclBr%a" - soncnh6re

ot$dc - hcrcon%da - thtrc

rktde r cvaqrxherallongollent -dl, -de

cndc - hcrctcndc - thcrcqotalada - svcrJnhcrc

dergcdc - bcaldc, atOld lurklrhl qanta - rhcrc?Turkilht ncredc - ttrlr 2 ?fc.

b) tdrcrta of tlnc: -t de-.i - nftcn?

OLd Slavlet kogda - rhcrl?

llongollant

onU gda - then

ovlagda - norv{regda - ar17[Luc

nar.6hda - tonorrorbnldc - t long tlnc ago

nsauda - cvcrltlncurtuda r |lo!r

Nota thrt the exarapler mcntloncd aboyc are ldentleal to thc loeatlvc -o'r!cndlrga of the 1urklsh languagc. thcse cndlnlgg hccame sufflres rlhlehprovar thab the 0Ld Sl-avlc language ls an agslutlnetive lanquaf,o.

cslka-Botos

II .

c) Ablatlve case:

e.g.

lu.ordvlnlan:

Flnnlsh:l,appS r

Ol"d Turkish:

{6-

-z(-at, -fr -dout)fidt - frorn here

k8dt - fron khere?

on,$dou - from therelnAdb - fron somewhere elseaLdo, elda = under

alte ' u.s.

Jillede - fron the host

olkodc = from outsidcqanyuda - fron whcrc? eLc.

cs6ke-Botosg',t*

Thc Vcrb sufflx.

cJ6ke-Botos

Ststcncnt.

Thc strueture of rerb rufflxcs arxr thelr elernents ln thc old slavleJ.anguagc k ldentlcal to the rtructure of verb sulflxes ln [he acqluLlnat.lvolanguager.

Proof.

In the Langurgc vhich lc called Old SLavle, the verb sufflxes are arlrtnrl

to two verb roots, the LnflnLtive (vcrb-noun) root anrl the present tenseroot. Let us cell thesc roots by t,hclr abbrcylated terms - lnf. root arrd

prcto footrthc lnf. roott can bc dlrldcd into two eategorl-cs, e) root wlthout

tufflx end b) noot rlbh sufflx. Lct uc cxamlnc the grorrp of verb rootsrl.thout aufflx:

nlt-tt /(xnel-|.i/ - nlt"lsi lnf"root: mft- (*mef-kla-tf /<*1oL-Il/ - but,chcrrt lnf . root: kla- 4+1o1-bra-tl. /<*Aor-t't/ - flghts; [nf, root: bra- 4 *6o"-

Thc nost anclint forn of thc root erdcd ln a consonant; the corrsonnrrtchanged placc rlLh the preecdlng voncL. ef. above. From thls we eBn s.othat, the conoonant crusf,er et the beglnnlng of the rord ls not soare klnrl ofcuperlor llnqul,sttc eharacteriatlc but ls a conunon lLngulstte rleterlorat.lorr.€.8. thc verb roofs whLch crrd ln -r ard -t ln the so-callcd Old Sl&vle lnrrtrutrr,.:

nes-tL - carrypas-tl - graze

v6z-.- ' drtvc (Lransltlvc)

Er?.1D-e - chew

-d erd -t errdJ.nga3 met-c- - s$eep

plet-e-- strrln

pad-e- - fallr drop

bod-a- - stab, prlck-k and -g endlngs: pek- - roaat

t'ek - - run

Let us close our observatlon wlth the fol"lowing stetem.nt. The advcrblalsufflxes actually orlginate from case-endings Just as we have aeen abovc. A

pure voweL case-ending could also become a suffix, e.g. OId Slavtcve6er'?a = evenlng (n.)ve{er-'L= in the evenlug (adv.)

(Hung. egl - evening

est-e = in the eveninq) !!l

Compared io Lhe Ofd Slavlc sufflx, the I'bgyar language uses the locatlvccase as does the rrongollan: maful-a = badlyi qata[ul-a = urercllcsslyActually we are talklng of the datlve case. The systems are lderrtlcal 1n

mar\y cases together with all bhe elenLentg. Just, one cxamnle:01d Slavic: dolt * do*n

Old'turkish: qodl = down

Chegatai: koJl=rlown

I befieve that no further comment is necctssary.

fr crdlng:

In Oslyak:

-46-

Xeg- - 6n"tt

nog- * havc

f{r- - rub

n4r- * dic . ... ok.wdr- - dor,r

man- a 99,..,:i

am6t - bc pleascd

Jont- = plaY,:

JinS- - drink,.; efr:,.

Cs6kc+Botos.'.9- csdke-Botoc

l! re oan !er, th,. purc rcrb-root, rlthout guffh, ls not a Slavlellnguiattc cheractcrktic, but rathor a charactcrlrtlc of thc erqlutlnet,lvrlrrguagc!.Eubt rn thc old slavlo lrngnegc

''6 oan forn a ncrr vcrb-root fron e noun

lnd froo e vcrt. Thcrcforc ln thc old slevlc language thcre ls a dcnomlnalrnd I dcrorbal vcrb ruffk, Jurt ar ln any othcr ag8lutlnatlvc lan3uagc.

In thc follotlng, nc rlll prcrent thc strueturc of verb suffh.cc.thc lnf. root haa thc auffkcrt -c-r -t-, and -t-Thc -a- rufftrt gti8r-a- - b! annoycd / d,enonlnel/

kon4t-e- - cnd ,/denonlnal/poher-e- . ahor

ltblr-e- - ch@tcthc -t- tufftr onto$- - bcconc cllrnt

orlab$- ! bceonc *cak

"tl-t- i r.coy€roun-t- - undorstand, BatureJBa$- - rlt

Thc -l- sufflxt vod-l- - lced,er-l - ahor, polntport-l- - futtort_l_ - trcatr cntcrtal"nboget-i- - bcccoc rl.ch

Thcae fornr arc not of rndo-Suropoan orlgln, but rathcr ean bc rhownto hevc ldcntlcal forne ln thc agglutlrutlvc Ldnguagcr rlth en Ldcntlcalfunctlon ard phonctlc rtruoturo. ThuriOl.d Slavlc: -e-

JB.

-t-Old lurklch: -a-

-i--r--t--u--ii- cts.

Here belong the verb-roots without suffix, which end ln a vorel:bi-tt - strlker beat lnf. root: bl-vl-ti = turn lnf. root: vl"-poEl-tl = rest lnf. root: podl-

In Ostyak:

Ji-tl - come lnf. root: Ji-l:-tl - cat lnf; root: 1)-nu-ti - bw lnf. roott nr-

Sirailar verb-root' ati\lctures can bc found in any agglutlnativ6

Mongollan: bo1- = lsr wlll, la pooclbl.e

Turklsh: bol+ - u.!.Vogul: o1- - uoao

MongolLan: gar- - stop fortard, comc out, forn

Turklgh: sa[- - gttt.rc, mllk

bo[- = tle; tanglc

In the Mongollan language it ls alrcedy a ver$al sufflx:kcse_ _ punlsh

delc- = strlke, knock

biikl- - bcnd

tfr'Flnnlsh6t pago- ' run

ctc.Ianguagcr

40"

e.B. OId Turklshl kfiE - strenglhOId Slavic

OId Turkish: et - name

Old S1avlc:

01d Turklsh:

OId Slavi.c:

Mongoll,an:

Flnnish: (raialeot)

csdkc-Botos

k'n6-5- = stral-nCbr$- - near

at-a- - callgrlBv-a- - bc annoyed

kiif_;_ - pralscehval_i- * praise

bar-l-- catch

dar-u* = push, gqueezc

sab-a- - beat, whlp

sab-1,- - u.6.pod-e- - bc slcklyJan-u- = be thirsLy

It aeens as though the above three verb sufflxes of tho Old Slsvlc

lnf. root are l"n reallty onc olcment beeauso thc languagc whlch ls callcdOld Slavlc ln lts origi,n io an agglutlnatLvo languagc and , as such, knew

vowel harmor\y aLso. This ls lrherc thc vowel harmony of the dlfferenL forms

originates.Thus: 01d Sl-avlc: gntv-a- = bc annoycd

Ol-d Turklsh: bo!-a- - freeOld Slavlc: bol-t- = bc slckly01d Turkish: kiid-ri- = straln01d Slavlc: Post-l- - fastOId Turkish: ii1-1- - danpen etc.Hcr6 wc cannot talk of borowed f,ortrs, thcrefore the only possJ.blllty

ls ldentical forms.

Note: In Judgtng the funcllon of the sufflx, we are not allowed to dlsregard

Lhe rules of polysemantles"

Thc suffix -no- which ts added bo the l"nf. root, wrltten: -nfi -, pronounccd:

ir a vorbal sufflx whlch for'ns thc lnstantaneoue verb form. Thls Old Slavlc

elcuent is identical to the exlstlng instantaneous verbal suffix of the

agglutlnatlvc languages: -nc-1 -n-e

-JI*

-n9--ne- , atc"

bY3k-no- - clattercEch-ng- - 61y

Poma-nq- - rcnenbcr

tft6r-n9- - dLreppcdr

ougar-no- - .xtlngulshEourge-nl - teercSokke-nc- -!lt down

botta- nc- - lrrclLpekc-na- . run for$ard

vanhe-nc- - bceono oldrlc-nc- - .l.nk

Thc old slavlc -Jc-, rrlttcnc -f€-, frequcntatlrc form, eontlnuablvc fornr,fornr thc rcpctttlvr vcrbal forr.Old Slavlcl |nf. rootr pokg-e- - rhort

prca" root,: pokez-c-Jc - ia ahowlng

J"ablr-a-.- aclcct, choooc

lzblr-a-Jc- Ls chooslng

narle-a-Jc-- lt nanlnga€Ildz-e-Jc- 1r burnlng

rrbote-Jc- ls rorklngThla forn 1r Ldcntlcal to thc vcrlflablc ialrt6d llorms i.n the ural-Altntelenguagcar -tJt-u -J1-, -Je-t{t" }tongollanr bbkt- - bcnd

bbkt-Ji- - lc bcndln8qalf-Jf- - fu bcndlng

Slordvlnlanlt fcpl-Jo--fu euttlngtostl-Je- - fu knocklng

Fr varl-Ja- * le blecdlngstl-Je- - ia laying

0styakr 6off-:f- - ts lteklngJastI-Jt- - is raylng

Csdke-tbtos

Thutt Old 9l-avlcrFlnnlahr

Qrtr

LappflF:

Ftnrd.ahSl

-32-

koca-Jc- - ls ewakening

puola-Je- - ig burning

cedke-Botog

IappSr

Hungarlan: hever-5-sz - ts ldng (phonetlcs: Jc) 3)Ie6el-5-sz - 1g grazlnS

kotor-5-sz * ls groplng

OId Slavic! (contractlon)pres. roott pas-c - grezes

vcz-€- r traveknet-e- - Bwecpt

vpei-e- - frier (phonotlcc: Jc) c)01d Slavlc: Jc)iinf. root: bol-:B- - beconc sickpres. root: bol-i- - ls clcklylnf. root: vel-1il = cornmand

pres. root! vel-i- - connands

lnf. roott dr*tj-a-' holdpres. root: arVt-t^ - hoLds outFinntshl Jc)l

paina - push, squeezc

paln-l- - rrestlesnata- - wriggle, aquirnnat-i - sllde, cllnb

but polk-l = glvcs blrth ; polk-a * eoa

Eun-l-layg Inuna.cggpcs-l - ncsts ; pcgd - nrst

Flnally: The function of the Old Slavlc Vcrbal sufflx -ovs- ls the repeatlngof an action and l-s reflexlve. The idcntlcal verbal gufflx ln thc agglutinatlvclanguagcs !s -v- (reflcxlve).Thus!

1nf. root: dar-ov-a - glvc preacnts

obtd-ov-a =.at lunchndl-ov-a - synpathlzc

rad-ov-a = reJolca

Lnen-OV-a - nane

l{ordvlnlrnl

f,epp5l

Vo3uLXr

llungarlan:

'|5!-

llmdc-tc - r n6ne

kado-v- - rcmaln

lazo-v- - orackpanlo-v- opcn

koddot-ovc- - hana

tet-oil- - brlngUr-ot_ - guard

ndryJ-a* i tor6n(a- 6<ft r stretch

csdko-Botos

cft harag-uv-' ... 6tc.thur rc havc prcacntcd thc structurs of the rcrbal aufflx and lbo

elcocntr ln ihc larguagc GrllGd Old Slavle. Thc strueturc ard elemcntt ofthl Old Slavlc rarbel rufflx arc Ldcntlcel to thcrc of thc agRlutlnatlyrlanguagcl. Thcrcforc thc rtructire of the noun and verb aufflxes of thc

OI{ Slerlo languagc. lr agglutlnat,lvcl In no reJr ls lt Indo-Europoan.

lftg arr thc Flnro-Ugrlc ltngulste rllcnt about thlc fact of llngulotlohlltort?.lrd rlry rr. th6 $letlolcta atlcnt?

!g}lt Th.r. li not onc tcrbel tufflr clcncnt ln the languagc rhleh laaill.d Old ltLarlc rhlch has no ldcntlcal foru ln the egglutlnatlvc Languatrrl

The Indo-Europcan llngulats and thel-r supportefs, thc Flnno*Ugrl'c

llnguists, would say t,hat thc Flnn-ostyak languagee borrorred thcsc sufflxes

as a result of thelr lower ranking orlglns. Lct us aleo observ? the Ural-

Altaic sfunllarltles.cf. Ramstedt, Elnfiihrrrng ... II p.1I9: 'rThe sufflx -ta ls ln Korcan thc

lnflnltlve endlng --the usual lexl-cal form of the verb.n...The Sunerlan connectlona concl"psiveLy provc that thls sufflx 1s not

of nSlavictr orlgln but that it ts actually a compound...

The truth ls that we cennot claln that the Foreans borrowed thi.s sufflx!tct us now make tho comparl.sons.

-35- ca5ke-Botog

ef. ln0r 28.1, ,AItlotcl Thc slmllar clcrnents of tho lufflx _ta_ tn the Old SLavlc and theegglutlnatlve languagca grrr out, of thc oldcr sunerlan form to take onthclr presont shapc. Thcrcforc thc cuffh _ta_ Is not of Slavlc orIndo-Europ0an orlginc, but Sumcrl.an.

rn conelua{on, 1ct us takc thc dcvcrbal" noun rhosc conncctLons Blclfel.dt6r$lal.n! on p. 2Jj, 0p.Clt.

LGt ur rec thc turklgh rtnllarltlcs:Ulghurr kll- - rir!, conc r *Il+f - futurc

'31+-

The Verbal Noun and lts Sufflx

-t1-ti.-ta, -t'd, -da, -dii

ce6kc-Botos

In 01d Slavlc:Ostyak:

FLnnlgh:

Old Slavlcl

Korean:

Flnnlsh:

0styak:

Suncrlan:

kloveta-tl, = suspect

po{l-tl = restchvall_tl ;, glorlflves-ti = travelnek-ta - catkada = go

l!-ta - bc, exlsttchdi - do, act

syb-di - eat

taJ-tl - have

Jl-tl - come

Jot-tl - PlaY

d6-ge-da - bcautlfyk6-acda * clean

nu-aka-da * not to do

gi1-ra-da - need

afie-ga$ = be gsod, otc.

01d Slartct

Thcroforc, fnon thet pagG, uc cannot say that the 01d sravrc verbarnoun rufflt LN of Indo-Europcen orlgtni

kii_ , perrde_ - glvcf,i- - Llvc

t kiF-tt - paat

I da-t4- gtft2 tL-t6- ltfa

I. Porsonal- Pronouns

Old Slavic: (sing.) azTo= T

-36^

PRONOUNS

oz = person; you; person; Iltse

csSke-Bo!os t)'l-

Old Slavlcl (plu.) nt&4- rcFlnnlshe nc - u.r.Lapp6r ,il - u.r.Chcrcnlcsl mc, nfi - u.a.Totyakt rnt - u.r,l{ongollant na-, ba- - u.s.SutnerLant mc - u.!. elc,

cs6kc-Botos

Old Slavler vfd, - you (llungarlan: ttk, tl)Notct thls clcment ls a eomblnatlon of the pereorul pronowrs t,e+d - tl (yorr)aa for cxanplc Ln ths Tunguslan language: sii6>6Ua - tl (you). In aerualtt.ysli-i ' tc-d... the old slavrc conbrnatron however is: vt(y-i(LhaL lstQ,l (ttr'6. Thc corrcratron of the first crernent of thesc combrnatronsln thc agglutlnatrrc Languager r.r uncertarn, therefore Lhls qucstron forthc moncnl rcaral-nr unensvercd. Thc cupposed rndo-Fruropcan orrgrns have notbccn prorcn by ltngulrttcc.cLthcr...

Thc reflcxlvc pcrtonal prohoun, sc- - nqyself, hlmsclf (lU hag nononlnetlrc eacc and no pLural nrnbcr), has an cqulvaront rn rhe cherenlsslanguagc: 5kc - nryaclf. Thc Old Sleylc t scbc, !-a thc genlHve easc, ilriroot bclngr ccb- rhlch consLatr of thc rootronl sc- and tha rcflcrLveaufflx -b. Thls sufftx ls thc posresorva of thc agglutlnatlvo languagescrg. Tunguslanr -bi... Cf. Ecnlln6, Dlc tunqurlschen Spraehen 125"

Nor lct ur lhor thc Lhlrd pcraon of the pcrconal pronouns and lra ehnl I

dLscua! thc qucstlon of gcndcr eko.rn thrc easc rc shall uge not LheOld Slavlc but thc Serbo-Croatlan cqulvalents. Thus r tha Scrbo_Croat.tAnpcrsonal pronouns, lrd. perr. rlng. :. nascullnc: on - he

femlnlnet ona - shc

n6uter! ono - itlqt ur gbatc that thlc chlrractarlrtlc ls not of Slavle orlgln but it 5616r,""to tho agglutlnatlve langueger. thc dlfforanhatlon of gencler ls a rr,14 tFor,nt.l.,constructed rlth bhe denonstratlrc pronoun.

Old TurkLsh:

Flnnlsh:

Mordvinian:

cf. dia]ect: Iz.u. s.u.s.

ze-/21- ) Cheremlss : ta-, t|-

1i, a u.s"';6 s rrsc eE.

NoLc: We camot say that the 01d Turklsh word ls a borrowing as we cen 8!e

thabrin the language which ls called Old SlavLc, the truc ncanlng of the

personal pronoun 'raz6 - I tr l-a rr4yse1f, my personrr . Therefore thlcelenent ls not of Indo-European orlgin.

OId Slevtc: (slne.) t'L4t= yot,

LappSl to- = u.s.Mordvini.an: to- = [oa.CheremLssi t3-, tl- - u.s.Votyak: to- - rlre.

ZytIan: te- = u.a.

lr'rongol-ian: Ei- - llrs.Flnnlsh: sl- = ursr

Old Turkish: sl-- - urao

Sunerl-an: za/zc-, zl-/ - u.a. etc.

The original anclent forrn ls the Srunerlan. Ttre othcr clcments orlglnate fron

bhia form.

Hlstorlcal Phonetics:

Zyrian : te-llongollan: di-Flnnlsh/Turklsh: el/se-

What, data can prove the Indo-European otlgln?

:jd: cs6ke-Botos

Proof

The on = he (masc.) ts thc orlglnal personal pronount conslstlng ofo- and -n, the pronominal sufflxlona = she (fem.) ts the pronoun o-, the pronomLnel suffl-x -n- and the

demongLratlve pronoun -&;ono = it (neut.) !"s the pronoun o-, the prononlnal sufflx -n- and the

de&onstrative pronoun -o.Thc ortglnal meanihg of the fenlninc pcrsonal pronoun was: o-n-a- r

she-that-there; the neuter : o-n-o - 1t-that-herc....Or1glnally, the language whLch ras callcd Slaylc dld not havc a

difference ln gendcr. Durlng thc dovclopnent of the languag., ths folketynoJ-ogy developod that poselbility. fn thls parti*cular easc, thcy

lndlcated the dlfferencc ln gcndcr wlth dcruonstratl-ve pronoung and thlslatcr spread to the other parts of speech. The abovc elenents cxlst ln thcagglutlnative ]anguages a1so.

i!.le'

c.6.: Serbo-Croatian:

Turkish:

ilanchurlan:

wibh the pronorni.nal sufflx: l^n - u.s.ln, lna - u.s.

xe-ii)*eii)cw - d (hc) root; e-

e- or a- - 6Ge)hfin = hc (h- prothesls)

tdith these we havc pboven that the personal pronoun, 3rd. pcrson

of the Sl-avic language belongs to the agglutinatl"ve languages and the

dlfferentiatlon of gender slmply occurs wlth the demonstratlvc Ff,onouns.

on o-n - hc

b -heplural: o-lar they

cf. on-lar = u.e.1-he

MongoIJ-an:

Hungarlan:

Sumerlan:

Flnnlsh:

2n Thc Dcnonctratlvc Pronoun.

r) old slavlc:

Flnnlshr

llordrlnlant

ChcrGnls!t

lJ.t. llongoll.ant

Cfrcf. Czceh!

llorth [orcantTungurlan;

lbghuor:

frareni TaterrSutr6r1sn!

.39'

0% - thlr (naoc.)

te - u.s. (fen.)to - u.r. (ncut.)tf- - thlrtu- - thatr that onc therctc- - thfur tMa ona hcrcto- - thet'r that onc tharctl& - shlttr8a . tnattuSo - thet, that onc therctcra - that, that onc thcrotcdc - hcrftcdsr - \.s. /ttt/tJc, tc - thrt thcrc, thattf- - thattc- - thatr Chat onc thcrctbgf, ttgt - thet thcrcbc 376, 7l - thatr whlch

t'e 139, 27 - thatr rrtrlch

tl-ay ?1, 22 - hct Chat onc

a[ - Chat (naee.)

1L - u.c. (fcn)86 - uolo (ncut. )

iu . thet thcrc

3u - that thcrcsubu - thatcc - thlcr thatslcltl - fron thercItlnff - therc, over thorc

cs6ke-Botoa

b) 01d Slaflo!

Old Tutkhhr

furklchrJakutlFlnnl.shl

ef.cf.

-40- csBke-Botos

c) 01d slaviclTurklrhtKaaanJ .r' Tatar:Basklrian:

onl[, ona, ono ; that (a11 three gcndere)

o - thatrthat thercana - thatt lherelallE t tli3r

. , Now let us go back to.thc elrtbdy menLlonJpersonal pronoun inSerbo-Croatian: on, ona, ono = he .Word formatlon: Thc 01d.SlavLe dcrnonatratl.ve pronounronrB9 onai onoprovca that thc languages shlch have been decl"ared to be SlavLc, thclrd" person of the lrersonal pronoun concs frcm lhe aggrutlnau"ve languagesand the gender dlfferenbiatlon takes placo wlth the demonstratlve Dronoun --wit,hout any superiority...

3. The Possesgive Personal Pronouns"

Ol,d Slavic: moi = mlne (masc.)

noh.a : moJa (fem.)

moFe : moJc (neut.)Thls whore consbrucLion ls a genitlve consLruetlon, not a real- possesslvaporsonal pronoun, Jusb as l"n any other agglutinatlve Language. Thus:

mol(mo-l (masc.)

noJa(rno-J-a (fem)

noJe(no-J-e (neut. )

The root mo- ls the prrsonal pronoun - I - , as ln any othtr agglutinatlvclanguagc. The sufflx -1 ls the possessive suffix which can erso be seen lnthe Mongollan fanguage:

norin-i * of the horse

01d Slevlc mo-l - of that.Llkewlse Lhe Hungarlan word : enyfn (mine) : .ny-6-^, ls a possesslveconstruction.In 01d Slavic, Lhis constructlon ls expanded t,o the fcninine pender wlth allttle denonstratlve suffixl -a - that.Therefore 1n that case, we cannot speak of Indo-European origlns.

-tiI* csSke-Botos

In thc flnal rnalyrls, thc possosslvc auffixi -l; lo"r baek to theSr.rncrlan cuffk, -ag/ak, nhleh formcd the posscaslrc ease andlng es wc

heva rlrctrdy explalned.The ranc thlng occurr ln the rceond pcrson slngular, the only

dlffcrcnco bcln6 thet rc can rcc the posdesslvc caBc Ln ltr orlclnel fonn.togcther rtth the danonrtrrtlvc pirttcl"r.Old Slrvlcr trol( tv..ol - Jrourt

troJa(tv-ol-a r yourr (frmr)tvoJc(tv-ol-r - Jrour, (ncut.)

Phonatlecr Sunert"an: -ag)-ql Mongollan: -al/c[)-tHungarlan: -cy) -5)-fOld Slevle: -ot) -1

Thcrcforcr Old Slavle: bvol(tv-oLHungarlan! tt-6dl{ongolLang norln-s* - of the horsc

lfln th" thlrd person, Old Slrvle has no possesslvd pronounrr sal<l

Blelfcldt, 0p. Ctt. p" flr? rL7L/L n but lt us6! thc fo.llowlng posaesslvaconrtruetLontn

rc$o rl4nt- hLc eon, Just as ln the Rusrlan langrrnsa.Thcrcfore: l€go sYt,A+ - hLc son ,/ pronounccdz Jcgo/ lLteral mearrlnn:

hLa aon (chtfd).llongollanr Lnu nom - book hla l.c. hls book

ThLs atructurc l-s not Indo-European end not Slaviee but goea baek toldcntlcol forar ln the agglutlnatl.vc languages.lnalysl! ! lcgo - Jcgo (*6-9-6 - 51tcf. thc trenacrlbd Rusclenr Ji-r-6lll

Hungartant 6-v-Cl{onqollanr t-n-u/ pronomlnal partlelcSuncrlant -r-nl/ Sumorlan p,oesessive suff{r, lrd. prrr.

Thc orlffl-x, -nl has a genitlve funetlon"RogerdL€oc of, ho* nnrch rc obJcct to thls faet, thctlold Slavlctj l€io

lr of Hungarlan orLgln -- rhlch j"a tcrrlblc aven to thlnk oflti

rllrp

43t_

_llk6 - quantltyko-ttkb - hor nany?

to-llk% * a! dany as, Bo

tlinrn-llg r about ten thousard

nt? -Iig r rLlr

cs8kc-Botos-42- cs6ke-Botos

4. The Intenogati.vc Pmnouns.

Old S1avlc: kt6l,o? - vho?

E'ab? = wh&t,?

Both pronouns.are conpound words. klbto consista of kE? = who? ,the lnterrogativc pronoun, and -to - thatr the dcmonstretlvc pronoun. rtslltcral rneaning lsthrho-that?rt The cecord word conslsts of Y,fo- ,lr tl,the interrogatlve pronoun, whLch le forncd by thc paLatallzetlon of k6ttand also the demonstratJ-vc pronoun -to - that. Thcrcfore lltcrally: rhat-thet?wc havc secn thc rolatlonshlp of the dcoonstretlvc pronoun -to - that; nor vcshall show thc Ural-Attaic s{n{laritlar lrlth rcgard to thc lntcrrogrtiy€ pronorho

thc ruffh!Old Elavicr

Old Turklehr

k/6Lo?- who?/ u1.o-t.o.t/

kon? - rho?

kcn? - wtro?

klm? - who, that-rrho?kin? { u.s.

Sunerl-an! kl 46I, 21 - X., X,t = thc one nho, that whlch, xhoeltr:..what data provcs the atrlctly rndo curopcan origl-n of thes; partlclca?

Concluslon:

Ol"d Slavic: - whlch

- [rarcf. Scrbo-Croatlan: koJi, koJa, koJe

01d Turkish, Ulghur: qeJ'u - u.E.

01d Slavlc:Finnlsh:I'Iongollan:

01d TurklshtTurklsh:

cf.Tunguslan:

Llthuanlan:Senskrlt:

old Slevlc:cf. Turklsh:

k,r-4I, ka Fa, kol€

qayu-sl - lho anong thcrn?

haJ? - who?

tis - ursr (Indo- Europcan?)

kinr - rhat?,The ncgatlve ls formed wlth the partlclcs: nt_ and _ie:

c.8. Cheremlss: nltri ft nt--kit/ - nobody

nik€to-Xe - nobody

hlg kim-sc - nobody

The ne8atlve particre -nr-- cannot be of rndo-European orlgln becausclt cxists in Sunerian also: nu 7516 - ncgatlve

-+4--

TllE NUriifr,AIS

csBke-Botos

The Cardlnal Nu&erals.

According to linguJ,etlc reseereh, the ldontlcal fcatureg of thenumerals when compared ln two or norglanguaEies are of declslve l-mportance,Let us present a few exalrples thet show thet thc 01d slavlc nunerals cannotbe declared to be of rndo-Iruropean orlgln. Let us dlscuss the numerafslr2rl and l-0O which are identlcal ln Old Slavlc and ln the agglutlnativclanguages. Thus;

Old Slavlc: p6din% , l-€dlna, l€dino = 1 (three gendcre)

d[va, d/6vt * 2 (throe gcnders)Lr.lot€, trl = 9 (three genders)

sGto - 1o0 (three genders)a) SLatenent:

In the O1d Slavic languagc, the nuneral, Ir ls not of Indo_Europeanorrgln but goes back to simirar fragnents 1n thc agglgtlnetlve languages 8ndactualll' lt has no meanlng as a nutncral.Ploof:

Leb rrs take the OId Slavlc: tedin%pronounccd: Jedlno

Lhe root is: Jedin_Thlg r'rord is ldentlcal to the Flnnlsh word: esi = in front of, before, in front

KarJala dialcct I edl6c = u.s.rJuuo I edir{c - the flrst

Therefore, Old Slavlc: "JcdInE,wrltton: f€dln%

cf. Sumcrlan: ld 311+, IO - before, in fronL of, the front, prl,rceThe -j- soiind at thc beglnning of Lhe word ls a protheols...

Thls nuneral whlch ls decrared to be old slavic is not of rndo-Europeanorigln but orlginated from the Finniah. rts orlginal meanlng was not 1 (onc)but rrln front ofrr or rtthe firsttr, whlch ls logi"r1 because in no language 1nthe rorld do the numerals mean nunbors...

-b9- csBke-Botos

Iot uo repcat that the Flnnlahr edl6c - j.n front of, flrstOld SlavLct F€dtnlb - tpronounccd! J;dlno

b) Statceant.

Thc numaral 2 Ln the language whlch is called Old Slavle is noL ofIndo-Etrropcan-slav ortgln but l,! ldentlcal to tha nuneral 2 Ln the aggtutrn;rt.tva!.angue6el.

Proof

Thur, Old Slarle! dtva.2 (nasc.). It j"s elear thet thls nord, lnltr orlglnal forrn, 1r nlthout e consonant clustcr. Thcr:forc the inLennerH;rl.rvor..Ls 6tlll

"rltt. The ncanlng of thls rord lo not 2 butrrthe followlnq", .lust.er ln latln.."

Hlatorlcal Phonctlcar aan'a)aep)dava - d%vaThua Hongollant

cf, Suncrl,anr

de{ etold Slavler d%va - 2 l.e" the followtnqdo! L69/213/6/9 o approaehrarld, companton

o) ttatetrent.Tttc nuncral 3 ln Old Slarl€, tr4l€ tranrcrlbed trlJe * I doas not

trcen| 3 but trthat onc thorcnn Ag ruch Lt gocs back to the agglutlnat,lvelrnguagcr, ln thic care thr f{ongollan languager

trrc - thet onc therc (demonstratlve pronoun)

&eel"Lttcrary llongollant tcrc - thet onc thcrcOld Slavlc: trlaJe - thrccPhonctLcc: In the Old Slavlc, thc flrat vorel cllded.Rulcl

buttln thc languagc rhleh lt callcd 01d Slavlc, they dld not eouht 1,2,-1,

Jcdlnt ( Ftnnlah -edtfe - ln front, the flrstdGra ( ilongol-!.an dafa - thc followlngtr4Jc ( !,longoLlan terc - thab one thero ...

-\6-

LeL us now take the nuneral: a%to - IO0

ostyak: s6t, sit = 1Oo

Vogult sit ' u.s.Flnnish: sata e u.s.i"iordvlnlan: 'sada - urg

Cheremlss: gtd6' = u.s.Turknenlan: Jiif, = urerBasklrian:- J38 r u.s.U zbek:

Yakutl

csdke-Botos

juz = ursrgug a u.3.

HungarLan: szL, * u.s.Sumerlan: Uar2 i!6, t9/lOt - ma.ny, nunerous

Greek: aA47"g = 3600 / a borrowed word from thc Greeks

Phonetics: Xar) sEz r:z relatlonshlpAt the beslnninq of Lhe wrd: Y;5;51 "21At fhe end of the wordt rYQt) d)t)s ....

Accordlng to the above, the {centun-satemrr theory lo a theory whlch

cannot be proven.

In concluslon:

01d Slavie: t6ma * 10r0OO; crowd, throng

xalmuckr tii^l = ursrLit. Idongolian: tiimen = u.s.Old Turkish: tiimen = u.s.Tunguslan: tunan = u.s. etc.NoLe. Bielfeldl, Op. Clt. p. I?I/2I2 mentlons that lhese rrords cannot bc

identleal to tGM - darkness, but he does not menblon the ldcnLlcal featuresof the Altaie languagcs otherw"lse what would have become of the Indo-Eu.opean

superlority? Thls ls the rvay the Slavicists work.

Turklsh:Srnerlant

Flnnlghr

-ltf - csJke-Botos

The Ordlnal Nunorals

In Old Slavlcs prt&,rtL6-L - flrst; not a numeral, ldentleal f,o Lhe

01d Turklsh: blr - oner flrstblr * u.a.bar - rnal ?h, 27 = f1rstr prLnee

cf, Old Engllsht fonost - flrrt, chlefrn Old Slevlc thc -t'64 cufftx aets ar the ordlnal nuncrrl srrffrx!

Jctvr€- t?.O -l - fourthplrl-t4L -l - flfthlca- tt3 /o-l - elxth , ctc,lolfte-n-tc - thlrdnelJfl-n-t*'- fourth

MonSollan: ntgcn-te - for the flrst tlmc (polysernantlc )qbter-te - for thc second tlnrc

01d Turktahl tkln-tt - sacond eLe.Lct us eotrperc t,he guffh -l- alaoOld Slavtc: pr,6rrb,b -1 - ilrst

v6tor+Cl. -1 - sccorul'i{anchurlan: udtru-l- ftrat

lr-t- thtrd?hc tro rldrcnts prclcntd above ere noL of Indo-European orlgln

clthcr but are ldcntleet to clcnents ln the agglutlnatlve languaqes,

-48-

T}IE FOR}IATION OF THN NOUN SUFFIX

csSke-IJotos

The Noun

Lct us begln with the so-called o-deellnatl-on. Let ug take thelrOld

slavlJtword -grad%- ciby. Accordlng to llngulotlcs, thc ancl-ent forn of thleword ls the Indo-European worrC, *Sordos , whlch ls a hypothetlcel form and

eannot be found ln any wrltten document.

Thus: Indo-Europoan: *gordos

"ola sl*ul"':' graal'a

The Indo-European nornlnatl-ve aufflx !.s -os, whlch has dl-sappoarcd from

the Old Slavlc language, more lpeclfleally, the -s has dlsappcared and the -o-has rernained. therefore the -o- bccamo the nomlnatlvc suffl-x Ln words rlthslmilar endings. Thls ls llngulstlce. Thls supposed progresslon cannot bc

proven by any klnd of phonotic reasining. 0n thls basls, the Fl-nnl'sh r+ord

talo - house could be sald to havc en Indo-European orlgin, together rltha1l other words cndlng ln -o. The Ol-d Slavlc gradE - city' ln ita strucLure,

is ldentlcal to the Flnnlsh word talo*house.The accusatlvc ls ldehtlcalto the nominattve, grad'lr* clty. Accordlng to li.nguistlcar thls word was

formed thtrs:

Indo-llurripean' rtqord-on) qord-d)gord-6 * gradG

The accusatlve sufflx therefore has dloappcared. Naturally there ls no proof

of thls prociesslon either. Accordlng to this the word ls untraceable.

Thn plural slgn of Lhe nomlnatl,ve p1ural was Joined to the cnd ofthe word by the sign: -2. Thus: x-ot)-i. Thls explanatlon cannot bc

proven by any phonetlc data; however, ln Flnnlsh, we can find a logicalrelationshlp. e.g. the f,lna.ill -a- disappeared, makine way for the plural

suffix -I.lhus: muna= egg

nun-i-ssa = ln the eggs

Ol-d Slavlc: grad-i = clilesIn thls case, the Old Slavlc plural sufflx is -1, which ls identleal

to the Flnrrlsh guffix. In spite of every explanaLi.on of the Indo-Europeans,

ib is clearlv a Finnlsh suffix.

-\y cs6t<c-Bolo;

fh6 lrdoTEuri[pdanLaccur.:r pJ.ural suf fLx le -ns e.g. Crctan-cr..kr.Ii.rraV5-nolreli GoLhlo! Holfa-nc - xolvce.

Togcthcr rlth the flnal voreL l.t becomca -ona, from whleh the Old 3lavlc forrn

1r auppoeed to have been derlvcd.Thus: -ont )-Ut. Natural\r'phoncble hlstory has no proof of thls.Olhcnrlle ths Indo-Europcan clenenta would cxlst ln the agglutlnative )nrr4u,ryr.a

alro. c.6. Crctan-Crcek: .lfiXO-V-g- rollresGothlc:Flnnlsh:llongol.lan: snc-! - mothers

figc-a - words etc.Ac ve can acc, thc lrdo-Europcan sufflxes ere not origlnal sufflx6r

ln the so-called Old Slavlc Language, but rather ldentlcal to the cor.recforrttrrpolcnents tn the egglutlnatlve langragest the eccuseLlve sufflx -n arxl t,he

plurel sulflr -c ar! plural aufflxar Juat ar thc plural sufflx -1. Whore

la thc proof to eonbradict thl!?L.t us uec the aullLxco to eompa.re thc nord grad6 wlt.h Lhe 5ertro-Crr:rt.l

rolfa-n-s - u,s.talo-n - housc

Gcnltlvcl gredo

Datl.vcr grsdou

Accusatlvel gradltVocetlvct gradclInrtrunentallur': gradon%

locqtlvcr gradB

Slngular:llonlnatlvct

ef. Flnnlsh:

OI"d SLavLc:

Serbo-Croatian:

Old slavLa

gradJ(o

talo - house

Srad% ' citYgrad - city

Serbo-Croetlan

grad - el[yBrade - of thc eltySredu - to thc cltygrada - elty!lr8dG Igradon - *lth thc el Lv

gradu * ln Lhe eltyl'lotc! In Sartro-CroeUlanrln Lhc nontnatlve sase, the flnal vowel disal'pcnrr.Now lat uo show the ldentlcal cLasrentr ln Lhe agglutlnatlvc lanquages Rrrrl

prorc thet the Old SlavLc noun culfLreg arc not of Indo-European or.lplrr.The NoglnaLLve Cagc

In OId .jlatle and Serbo-CroatLen, lt ls urunarked; ln Scrbo-Croat.lnrr

the flnal vowel dlsappearc.

-<n-

The Genltive Case

The genitive sufflx in O1d Sfavic lsin Serbo-Oroatian

cf. Czech

cs6ke-Botos

Note

In the Czech language, the posscssl-ve sufflx has a dlfferent sound

accordlng to vowel harmony. It can be traced not only ln the livlng language

but also to the vowel- harmony ln rords Lhat have elreadv fallen lnto dlsuse.

The qenitive sufilx in 0l"d Slavlc and ln any Slavlc languaqe, In lts ancl"ent

form, l-s a vowel whlch can be traced to an ldentlcal form ln the Sumerian

language, regardless of the gender of the noun.

The Sumerian genitlve sufflxlg or -ak was crplalned when re presented

the Sunerian possesslve adJectlvc sufflx, the Surnerlan phonctlc hlstoryand the siml-lar elements ln the Old Slavic language. cf. points 8, t.However, we shal-l present lt again here.

Sunerl,an:

Llt. liongolian:

Hungarian:

UrarLu:

Hurrlte:01d Slati"c:

Sunerlan:

Urartu:Hurrite:O1d Hungarian:

l4ongolian:

Korean:

01d Slavlc:

-ag/ -at<) x-a1

-/"/t and -wa

-we

-a

-&

-4, -Ur -C, -Y

-ag, -ak

-ap/ -e! : genlttve sufflx-llr -1 u.3.

-6, -1, -it/ -iz adJectlvc sufflx-wa, -/c/l : genlLlve aufflx-we Ur3r

-ovt / -evV,: possessive adJective

-a, etc. : genitive suffi.xWe are not golne lnto detall about the ldcntlcal olements ln other

ttSlavicrr languaqcs becauso ar\y gramnar book answers these questions.

Phonetic history:

-ey, (folk) : -cJ,-nak, -nek

-a|/ -elr -ur -i-91, -,1, -I-ov'6f -ev'1,, -lt'a, -%, '&,

ad Ject lve

et,c. : genitive

-tr: cs6ke-Botog

llxample:

Old Slstle; grad-s - ot theScrbo-Croatlan: grad-a - of theCaccht hrad-u - u.s.

but lca-e - of theSlovek: hrdln-u - of theMongollanl morln-u r of the

but norln-i. - ur6o

NotGt Thc abovc-mentloncd carc-erdLng -e bclongs to the so-ealled -o,/-.lodcclLnatlon, the rnscullne end neuter dccllnatlon; t,he -el -)a decllnntlonbclng for thc most part thc fcmtnlne decllnatlon rrlth thc sufrtx -24, Inthc genltlve cace.

So 01d Slarle: gred-a - of the clt.y...bub Eor-'t1o - of the mountaLn

Mongollan: norl-n-l - of the horge

morin-u - u. co

Thcre ere no data to provc that thesc clemenLs are of Indo-lirrpeJ,palorlBln.Datlvc Casc

In [hls ces. He rl11- prccent thr relatlonshlp beLween two nourrs:

Brad'f, - clty ertd mfi4 - nan. In thc vord mtllo , t.hc flnal sourxl clrrrrgerl

fron tho -[, wlth an frunlautn. Thc datlve sufflx ls: *on/;4/

eltyclty

foresL .. "

hcro

horse

01d Slevicl

Serbo-Croatlanc

Czcchr

Mongollanr

Old Turklgh:

Brad-ou - to the eltytauX .ou - to thc man

grad-uY. &UZ -U

hrad-u

nuf, -l ard muY-ovl

qat:an-a - to the Khan

Rdaq-a - to thc leq

'52=

nek-e-m = Lo me

nek-i = to hlnna?-e = to me

6.2-" = to the woman

URU-l-e = to the cltyev-e = to the house

ki-e - beslde the door

6eg-e = here

!i.U-e = (to) home

sarain- e = to the man. etc.

csBke-Botcs

As we can see there are no Indo-EuroDoan eharacterlstlca l-n these words.

Hungarlan:

cf.Western Turklsh:ostyak:

Urartu:Turklsh:Sumerlan:

Korean:

AccSaLive_Case

01d Sl-avlc:

e.E.

Serbo-CroaLian:

cf. Czechl

Chuwash:

Turklsh:

l,tongolian:

North Korean:

^f

Soulh Korean:

cf.cf. Vogul:

Manehurl-an:

-&and -4 /-o, -igrad-tb = citXmuZ -4 = man

grad-a = cltXniuz-a = marl

holub-a = pigeon

rnuz-e * man

t6 v-a = nountaln. vYoag-l = u.s.ev-i = house

ger-l € u.s.Saram-u = man

sar*.m-L = uo s.dog-o = weapon

6or;-u = ure.jan-a - sheep

li-rn - horse

-ma = accusatlve sufflxcf. l,ail.n -lr = u.s. elc.

According to these, Lhe ll,ianchurlan and Vogul languages are of Indo-European origln...

-5t- ris6ke-Botos

l,,gegtl.ve Casc:

old slarlc! !b, -6/t\ - Lr\, 4- l/Aecordlng to llngulst,s, theso elcmenLs nerc fornred by Lhe eombl.natlon ol" t,lra

flnal vonel and the nirlaoc-auffl{'r -$ ) - S an<l -ct ) -1"llorrever thera l.s no ncccssl-ty for thls dcrLvatlon becattse the flrral

tor€l dlseppcared to Blvc pleac to thc casc endlngs!

o.8. grad-6 - ln the cltyvmua-G - ln the man

Scrbo-Croatian: Erad-u - ln the eLtfvDui-u - ln thr nen

Czcch: tnu{-t - l-n tho nnn

but les-c - ln the forestdub-c - ln thc oakr on the oak

ard roh-u - ln the horn

gl-6 . Ln the nlghturu-e - ln the cltye-sl-a - ln thc pl-acc

!rarah-6 - ln tho nan

;8t-a - tn thc house

f,aJar-a- Ln thc count,ry, etc.

Teter 3

Flnnlsh:

Slovak:

$unerian:

Urarturf,orean!

Ortyaktllongollanl

Thcsc crdlnga cannot bc aald to bc eceLdcntal nor ls there n posslblllt.v

t,hat they arc borrc|rlngsS hcrc r.e Bre t,alklng of a gcnetLe ldenlluy, reqnrtllarr

of how loud\y the Flnno-Ugrlc llngulsts obJect to ltl

InstrunenLal Cascg

01d Slarlct Erad-onfL- rlth the eltynuf,-enB ' rlth the man

Scrbo-Crratl-ant grad-oo - rlth the eltynut-em - wlfh tho nan

Czech: hrad-em - rlth the cltY

,nuX-cm ' ltlth the man

old Turklsh: tHnlr-An . wLth lronyada5 -In - on foot (Ilt. v,tth foot)

JaJa-un'uosrpuu-n - rlth wood, ete.

Thc Ot.d slevlc cndlng 15 ldrntlcel to the casc endlnss of Lhe llral-Allalc

languag,est -n, -an, -6h1 (n) m)

*t4- Csoke-Elotos

The Plural and its endlnss.

plural suffix ln OId .9lavlc ls: -i. The equlvalont exanples lnHunparlan are:

GenitiveOId Slavlc: (elision of flnal vowel) -6'( |t-on and - 4o(:t-1n

grad-'6 = of the cltlesntV,-4o = of the Eer rr.

Flnnish: pultt-en = of the ttees

laloJ-sn - of the houses

AccordLng to these examples, thls sufftx ls not of Indo-fiuropean orlgln elther.

The

Fl-nnlsh and

Ielircllvs01d Slavic:

Flnnish:

Hungarlan:

Datlve

O1d SLavic:

Estonlan:

Hungarlan I

Sumerlan:

PhoneLic hisLory:

grad-i = citi.esr.,X-1 = *"n

talo-i--ssa= in the house

pu-i-ssa - in bhc trees

lova-lm = my horsegr ete.

grado{'I, = to the clticsmuie-rnG = to the men

Jalgadc-nl = to the legs

motetc-nl - to the thoughts

Orosz J6nos-nl = to JSnos Orosz

rni rm-Nl-ri - the boat over there

1m-m1-l{I-gar = took Lhem ovar there

-nl)-m1 = -n%

-t5- csljke-Boto::

Accusatlvs

Old SLaric:

Old Turklahr

FlnnLeht

Tunguslanr

Iuatrgrontalr r,:

Old Slavlet

Flnnlrh:

Ipcq0lrcOld Slavle:

Urarbu:

gad-E,b - ettLernur-rn r men

qldnEfn-{n -tlmfrig-ln r

tLl-n -puu-n

nd-Je - watcr

ihu"-u - whab

$ad-fr{o - vlth the cltle*nut-l - ntth the nen

pul-n - nlth thc Lrees

eiGral-n - wlt,h the guests , ate.

gred.$eh6 - tn the cltlesurrt-tch& - ln the nen

-agl : c) ch

-$ch%

-esa-.Xr ete.

ilotc a Thc ol"d slavlc sufflx la a compound. rt eonslsts of the loeat.lvo -!i-end thc dlrecbl-onaL suffLx -;b. Aceordln[ to llngulstlcs, t]re old :ilHvlcaound -ch- gocs beck to the oldcr *s- gound. Therefore our coneluslonsconccrnLng thlg sufflx are coracL ln erery aspeet. hleturally thle eoml,orrrrcl

sufflx alto cdats ln the othol af,glutlnatlve landuageae c.g. Cheremlas, lrrs rlmllar coopourd fornl -c{ ( -"-t.Thual cr tupi-eE - ln the nornlng d.vI prescnt Btclfeldtra oxplanablon of the orlgln of thls Old Slavle suffixef. 0p. Ctt. p. 130.0

Tha hypothot,lcal Indo-European xordr rr-olsu

Old Slavlcs

UrarturCherenlss:

on thet pagc we can also see the dcrlvatlon of lhe Accusatlvo Plrrrnl srrfflx.

Indo-European:

Old Turkish:Mongolian:

-56*

-ens ( -en-s-{n, etc.

-s ...

Cs6kc-Botos

Now we can draw t,he concl"uslon that ln the languaqe which is calledOId Slavlc, Lhe order of the noun aufflx ls not of Indo-Europcan orl-qlnbccauge that Indo-lluropean origln cannot be proven by eny klnd of llngulsticdala, but the connectlon with the agglutlnatlvc languages Ls obvlous. Thcr'Old Slavlcrr langua4e belonps ln the fanlly of the agclutlnaLlvc lanrlrages.

We rnust n€ntion that, ln the Mongollan languaqe, Lhe -s suffix belongs

to the most ancient plural suffixes. Therofore, we cannot talk of forelgnlnfluence. €.[.! em€-s = womcn; ere-g - men. Also the -n sufflx, e.q.:amlta-n = l"ivlng matter(plu.); morlta*n - horsemQle Cdlr6eiliiC1tlt', liliai3ef..lr"i:re

are not of Indo-!)uropean origin oither.According to llnguisLlcs, malnly the mascul,lne and neutcr noung

belong to the above-presented ordcr of sufflxcs ln the O1d Slavie languaqe.

The nouns whlch end ln -a are for Lhe most part ferninlne, accordlng

Lo lingulstlcs. The disslnllarlty of the femlnine noun case endingo, lncomparison, l-s not due io hisborlcal or phonetlc devlatlon. The fuslon ofthe case endings wlth the flnal vowel reaulted ln thls dlsslmllarlty.e.g.: masculine:

Ncuter:

Femlnl-nc I

Mongollan

genltive grad-e = of the cityri sel-a = of Lhe vlllago

" gor-ft7" - of the mountal"nrl morin-u = of Lhe horsc

In the ltongollan language wc see the orlglnal genltlve suffix,whlle in bhe 01d Slavlc we can sce how the final sourd and the genltivcsuffl-x created the possible dlssimllarlty, whlch means that Lhe Old Slavlc

language, ln lts origln, has no connoction of any kind wlih the languaqe whlch

ls called Indo-European but raLher beJ.ongs to the group of agelutlnatlveIanguages.

The wrlter seeslAat ln the Old Slavlc language the noun gender

dlfferenLlation is a later developnent. Il developed afLer the Slavic language

broke away from the famlly of agglutlnaLive languages.

-r7- csBke-8otos

Thcrefore there arc the -o, *ao -1 and -f decllnatlonsr(whlch end

wlth e consonant). A 61n11-er sharaeterlgtle ean also bc forrnd ln Flnnl.sh

6rf,r -o'-t;-f cte. Notc that thc order of the noun gufflx ln the Old Slavlclanguage 10 s hypotheslt of the nodcrn llngulats. IL eannot be proven

wlth any klnd of data that thc pcopLc rho spokr tha tt0ld Slavlef languagc

Gver uscd thla order. Thc orlglnal altuallon eordd lrave been Just as ltlr ln the Flnnlsh language. Thla natural order Just leter on beeamc thebssl-c of the gonder dlffcrcnhatlon becauae wr can also say that bhe words

ln the Flnnlsh languagc whlch crd ln the lcbLcr -o are of rrascullne p'enrler,

c.g. talo - house, lukko - lock; thc words endlng ln -a are femlnlne, e.g.omcna r applc, hlnte - flood, erc,

Ccrtaln klnds of gendcr dlffcrentlatlon ean also bc noLlced lnHongollan, cf. Ranstadt - Elnfuhrung... II. 39.

€.g. masc. : Eagan - rhltcfen. IagakEln - u.s.

noJan - Lord

noJakan - ladtkcii - boy

haiikcn - glrl, cte.Taklng thes€ lnto conoldcretlon, lt ean bc proven that, thc Slavlc

lengrage orly leter on dcvcloped the noun gender dlflcrcntlatlon rrlLh t ho

hclp of the dcmonstratlve pronour, Just as the personal pronouns ln t,he

thlrd pcraon sl,nguilar Lndlcated thc gender,.. In the BuLgarlan lanqunge

there lc a trecc of thla posrlblllty, a.g.gVlak - traln but: vLak-4t - the traln (nasc.)

and Tlak-s - u.s.stena - rall butr rtene-tn - the rall (fem.)

pole - ficld but: potr-to - the flel-d (neub.)

In the fenlnlnc rord nr ean see f,he -a endlng whlch ls tdentlea.lto the demonsLratlve pronoun (there). In the neuter gender, r*e can.qee tha

-c endlng xhieh ls ldcntl,cal to thc demonstratlva pronoun (herc). Ttra

Bulgarlan folk ctymologr ues unaHerc of the gendcr dlffercntletlon wlt,h

t,he -a and -c oufflxes, t,herefore they addod thc demonstraLlve pronouns -l,n nrxl

-rQ- cs6kc-Botog

Consequently, $te are talklng 6f a determlnatlon whlch ls an anclcnt

characteristlc of the agglutlnatl"ve languages, c.g. the Sumerlan a1so,

cf. AnOr 28. 9l+b. -e, a suffix rhich lndlcatcs nearncast

gala-e = the (gala) prleste-pa-e = the canals, etc.vlak-a = the tralnEtu-r = the house

rrlni = I, etc.

Bulgarlan:Korean:

Flnnl-sh:

Rule: In the language which ls called"old Slavtcf the detelrdnatlve sufflx,ln the eourse of the developorent of the language becamc the suffir detcrmlnlng

gender.

r39- eg#ke-Fotos

Thc, P-eJlsonal Pronoun SuffLf,,_ ,

The ordcr of the personal. pronoun ruffk end lts alemento ln the Old

SlCvle languaqa erc eLso ldentlcal" to alnLLer clements ln the agcLutlnatl.vs

languages.

l'loo$natlve

01d Slavlc: az& - I (ltteral rneanlng - rry own, you )

A6 rt ean rcc lt la not a truc pcrsonal prohoun.

9cnltlv-cOld SLavlc:

Llt. l,longollan:

Eatonlen:

DatlveOld SlavlcrOld Turklsh:

Hungerlanr

and nek-l - to hlntlcrtcrn lurklah ", M7 -l - to nc

nan-e - lr1nr

mtn-u - u.t.frln-u - u.c"

n,&n-t - to nc / nA-n!$/nAt-ar !"s"/M-!-a/nek-a-n- u.c. I Just the rufflx ls ldcntlcal/

Urartu:Turklshr

AccusatlvcOld slavlcrEatonlantlfotcr The OLd Slavle guffh ls ldcntlcaL to the nomlnatlve bas. ln thc Old

Slavlc language, whlch ls not used ard whlch ls ldentlcal to the sufflx In

the Eatonlan languagc. In both languegcs the personal. pronoun ls urunnrknd

ln the accusatLte cate.cf. 01d lurklshr dcflnlte fotmr

nln-l - mc

nen-t r nc

mln-c - rn€1 Gtc.

Unu-l-t - to the clty6T-e - to the housc, etc.

frrfr ' trC

nA r lloto

S*bo-CroatlanrTunguslan:

Rule: Neif,her the ordcr nor tha sufflx can bc of rrSlavlcrr orLgln.

*(fr-

InsLrunenial01d Slavic: with elision : m6n-o-F$ - rlth me /r-li/Lanut-Tunguslan: ml.n-nun - rr.S

Flnnlsh: min-un = u.s.

csSke*Botos

,Hdrr-t - ln rne

nran-a - in us

mG4 = we

ma - u.9.me = u.armr * urSr

ba -u.s., etc.

nas-r(g

na+nll

nas-6... etc.na-dur - to us, ln us

na-rna-yl - us

na--ooa-bar- with us, etc.Note In this case He have present,ed thc root. The na- root can also bcfound ln the Mongollan ranguage. Therefore wo cannot talk exclustvely ofIndo-European origln. We know the elements of the suffixes.

Logative

OLd Sl-avlc:

Mongolian, plur.:

Jotn:!!g!i3, pluralOld Slavlc;Ustonlan:

Cherendss:

Flnnlsh:Mongolian:

GenltiveO,ld Slavlc:

Datlvg

01d Slavlc:

Ac cusal lveOld Slavlc:cf . Llterary llongollan:

-6lL

Djlongtrative pronoun Suffi{og"

crJko-Botos

Old Slevl"c: 'L/vJA/ - Lhld (masc.)

E/tJc/ - u.s. (o?ut. )

E/ zJa/ - u.s. (ren.)cf. In coanecblon vlth thla, thc llungarlan deuronstratlve words: ltt, anltL,anott... (herc, over hera, over there).Thc root Ln l(oreanr

Tunguelahr/Gold,/:

cf. Hoghuorr

O!ftaktZtrrl.ent

MordrlnlantNonlnatlvsl L r thl,s0er.Det.

Ae6.

InsLr.Loe r

1, Jc - thlr8-/ c-, Jc-/ - tr,d.

nLGi u.r.1- - thlcC- r UoEr

C- r U.8., CLeo

a4 - u.a"lego - of thls s€Eo - u.r.

lemou - to thlc lGfiolr r uoco

t - thk 14 - u.s.ln4- rlth thLg sLrn6 - u.o.

l€mG- Ln thlt 6rrDt , u.6.

c.L lh , th;6

Ttc ruota of both thcsc clementr can be found rn t,he aqglutrnaLrvaLenguages Just as rc have prrlcntcd thcm. l{a know thc sufflxes from thoconnectlon! elth the noun suf,flleso Therefore ee cen statc t,het, the ordslavlc language cannot be of rrdo-European orlgln. The lanquage formaLronrhleh res dcclered to be oLd slavlc in ltr structure and LLs sbructurer6lement6 ls an agqlutlnatlvc languagc regardlcss of how mueh thrs rs rrerrrnrr.

The gender dlfferenttatlon was also construeted wlth the demorrstratlvrpartlcles here and -!!qre ln the langurge rrhlch is ealled O1d Slavtc.c.8c 1- thLs (naac.)

l€(lre . thlgl (ncut.)t4<t+a - thatr (fem.)

Wlth thcse connectlonr re can al-so prove that tho gender dlffererrllal,rrrts not a duperlor racl-al characterlstlc but ls a elmple ereatton ofnecessLty, conabructed trlth tha ald of the dcmonsbratlvc rrarttcles.

-62- Csoke-Botos

The Adlectlve Suffix and the Comparlson of Ad..lqctiveg.

Note that t,f,u Ota Slavlc language forms its adJectlves wlth the above-presented -1- and also forns its nouns with the demonstratlve oronoun -i-.This is ca1led deterrnlnatlon.e.g. OId Slavie: nov% = new , novr(.4 I = the new

dobr{= good z dobr'f,4l = tho good

therefore rneaning newness and goodncss oLc.The same sufflx, with the same structure ean also be found ln the agglutlnatlvelanguages:

e.g. Tungusian: bun-f - the llfebakar-T = thc finder

cf. Ramst,edt, Einfuhrung ... II p 80/81

In OId Slavlc, the superlatlve ls cxpressed rith the -L, pronounced: -Jt.

01d slevlel

Scrbo-Croatlan: alabl-Jl - u.r.

-63- cs3'kc-gotos

61ab-tl ' weakclt

e.8.

Serbo-Croatlan equivalent :

slabi) slablJl = weakest

skorl) skortJl - fastestThe 01d S1avlc sufflx ln thls case wes forrned by a phonctie fuslon:

-X-le ) lBrThis suffix ls a characterlstlc of the agglutlnatlve languager; therc le

stlLl e trace of lt ln Hungarlan.

Thus, OId SLavie: sIabJbI = weakest

Sebo-Croatlan: slabi-Ji = u.s.Hungari-an: 6rett-Je-bb ) Srett-c-bb = rlpest

'6reg-je-bb ) 6reg-e-bb = oldestbut: bc[-Je- bb = furthest ln

fo1-jc*bb = furthest up

In Hungarian, consequently, the ancient cornparaLlve sufflx was -Ja,-Je, -6, -6, -a, -e, and the -bb however was the superlative suffix. The

cqu!.valent can be seen in the irlnnlsh language: -l-rnba/ -i-mbl , Lhe

Supcrlative sufflix. The -i srrffix ls the comparatlve sulifix but its functlonhas become lndist,inct. Consequertly, ttte'bta Slavlc'rconparatlve sufflx lsldentical- to.the Flnnish, thrngarlan, etc. eguivalents.

slab'1p = weak

skor4 = fast: s1ebl61 = weakesi

: skor-i8l - fastest

Hungerlan:

Flnnlsh:

gcn!

dat.cf. OLd Slarlc:gen!

but !

fel-Je-,bb - furthegt up

huono-l-npa ' rrorst

dobr-a - of good

dobrou - to good

rn llungar!"an, the -Ja/-Ja sufflxcs have beeorne al.mosL obsolete anrr arevcry rarely usrd. €.9. bel-Je-bb - furthest inItr orlgtnal meanlpg3 bel-Jo ! comparatlve

bel-Je-bb : euperlativeThc functlon of the aupcrLetlre hes become obsolete, therefore llunqarln.ules the prefl-x 1eg- to form the euperlatlve.

rn old lilavlc, the supcrlail.ve has no dlstlnet slgn tnrt the preflx: rrrtls uaed to lndleate the superlatlye. Thc Old SLavle: nel- E lep- alsocxlrts ln the agglutlnatl"ve Lenguagee.

€of,o Tub.: naJ' vcryHakr! neJ - vertJakut3 nE.J - very

Thue, Old Slavl"c: naJ-ekor$e - the fastegtScrto-Croatlan: naJ-slabt-Jl - t,he weakcst

Rulc; In the language whLeh l-c catred old slavle, the adJeetlve sufflxen, rtr^trrtncture and eomponehts, ar€ ldcntleal to the equlvslents tn the agqluilrrni,tv^languages, rhleh mcans that the o1d s1sv1" language bel-ongs tn Lhe fnmlryof agglutlnatlvc lan6;uages.

The edJectlve auffixes are dLvldcd lnto tr,so groups. FLrstl thn norr_

dctermlnaLe end sccond the deterrlnate group.

?he datennlncd bagc conslsts of the root word of the ad.Jectlve and thodcnonstratlvo pronoun! t/z J6 / ".rg. Old Slayle I II

dobr-a-FEgo - of Lhe goorl

dobrou- l€mou- to the good, et.c.

dobra 8lo{bka - of goort men

dobra- }llgo Efor'$t a- ]ego - of the gond nen

*6,l+* csSke-Botos

The use of Lhe suffix ls obvlous. We have already presented theidenticality of the suffllxca to those of the agglutlnative languaqes.The determinativc characteristlc ls al-so e charaeteristic of the agglutlnativelanguages. Congruence is not only an fndo-European characterlstlc but italso exists in nrany agqlutinatlve languages, e.g. Finnish, Tunguslan etc.and we cannoL trace thls back io a foreign LnfLuence. Let us notiee the followlng:

ez/ az/ eraber = lhls man (nom. )

ennek/ az/ embernek a = of thlg nan (gen.)cf. ez6/ azl ember6 - belonging to thls rnan

ennek/ az embernek = this nan (dat)

azL/ az enbert. = thls rnan (acc./ezzel/ az emberrel = wlth thts nan (lnstr.) etc.

Note the Old Slavlc:dobr-a leso

.,t.,,t,_llT,cfalIy: .lo-naK Ova =++good-for-hi.s (for his good)

whose idenlity with slmlIar elements ln lhe agglutinatlve languages cannotbe denied, as we have seen.

The Prorroninal Ad-iectives.

01d Slavic:

Old Turklsh:

Cheremlss:

!lordvinian:

klto4rl = whlch (masc.)

kor€ = u.s. (neut.)ko61 = u.s. (fem.)

qayu = u.3.kudo = u.s.kona = u.s., etc.

The root, as we have seen, ls : ko-. Let us presenL lts sufflxes.Thus: Nom. k%{r-1 = whlch

ko- fg go = of whlch

ko- l-C mou = to whlch

ko-ten6= in which

kEaa-fnG = with which, etc.Thls root cannot be declared to be excluslvely of Indo-European orlgln. l,re

know the origins of the suffixes, therefore with whaL riqht did llngulstlcsdecrare th6 J'anguage whi-ch is called "old .sfavicr to be of rndo_E'ropcan oriqi.

Gen.

Loc.

Instr.

-6F- cs6ke-Bot os

Shc Nuncrel Sufflxes

l{c shall Just present the follorlng:01d Slavlcr Norn. des,grt& - tan

Ocn. dee,ot-t/-c - of tcnDat. dcsdrt-l - to tenAee. dcs0t{o - tenInstr. desrtht+-|fi = vlth ten

Loc. dos.t|t-t . ln tenr cte.Notc: The NomlnatLve arrd Accuratlve are unmarked ln Slavl.c. The GentLlvrrufflx te: -1/-c. We know that, from the Hongollan language, the lraLlvasufflx le also reeo6lnlzable, G.g. Hunqarlsn : nek-i. The slgn for ttrelnotruncntal eesc Ls: -ff,/ t(-J-t, nasal,, therefore tn Old Turklstr: -Yrr,nr,r"Thc Locatlve casc cen bc shown ln eny of the agqlutlnati.ve tanquages as wo rrrvaelready seen. The word formatlon, or the noun root, conslste of the nnlrr root:d?r-, edd:th€ narallzod noun-sufflx -ab/:ent - abstract - ean be fourrl nv,.r.y

th*G ln the agglutlnatlva lenguageg. The llteral meanlng of the root ls :

totaltty. Thc naln root! dcr-, ln Sunerlan: deU- - together, in oLher worrlr;the ten flngers together, thc tot,ality of the ten flngers, wlthout nry,'[rrrl.-.European' superl,ority.

Naturally, the tlungarLen vord : t{a - ten also belonqs hcre.

=66=

Tii-[ ViJiiB $UF'r'Ijr' Ai'IIJ ITS COi/J,0N!]N,|5

csdke-Botos

Blelfeldt. 0p. c1t. p. r,85, shows in the forrowing wav the structure ofthe verbal suffixes of Lhe Slavlc language:

nos -1 -9 -te = you (plu.) carriedverb root I Iuerbel suf 1ix€_-=_-_l

Iaorlst suffixpersonal suffix (plu.

The wniter wil-r present the ldenticar structure in the agqlutinatlvc languages:

personal sul'flx (pIu.

The old iilavlc language tn rts literal meanrng is rn aggrutinatlveranguagel rf the reader, up Lo thts pornt has only cautiously accepted thrspossibrlity' he now has Lo aceept the proven datal llot only the fact of thesuffixes is obvlous but even the sufflx components are a]go identlcal"Thus, 01d Slavl-c:

DsLonlan:

Larrrut-Tungus lan:Cheremiss:

nos-i-s-te = you carried (plu. )

lug-e-sl-te = you read (plu. past)dpg-sl-sen = you flew (plu.)ll$-t-ta = you ltved (plu) , ebc.

The reader can not,ice that , for exarnplc, the OId Slavlc _s_ and theUral-Altalc coixponenLs -sI, -s-, -5-, -6-, are ldenti.cal, and therefore theOtd Slavic language ls not of Indo-European orlgln. How ls it posslble thatllnguistic researcl- never notieed these connectlons?

^67- cs8ke-Botog

TilE TRtsl'I,TT TENSE

Let us begl.n the preecntatlon of the verbal sufftx wlth thcPregent tense. Lct ua also taks ln cornparl.son Lhe Serbo_Croatianconncctlons. Lct uo gce the sloilarltles and dlfferences.Stng. Old Slavlc:

ved-fi - I l"cad

ved-c-3i - you lcadved-c-t6 = hc lcads

The Peroonal suffkcstOld Slavlc: -ft

v,_s1

-rb

Thust 0I-d SlavlclTungualan:

Serbo-Croatlan

vod-l-n = u.s.vod-l-{ = u.s.vod-l - u.s.

Scrbo-Croatlan: -m(-s

-ill'fotor Acconllng to lingulsblcs, tho Flrst I'erson sufflx ls : _ X./z -g/rhl,ch aupposedly goes baek to thc Indo-European tuffl,x | -nl, so thaL,8t thc end of the ron{, or together wlth the verbal root, the _m_ soundbeeame nasalized:

-oqnl/ -e-,nf ) -c-n)-en) -9 or -q ..rt l"c pronounccd lLkc trc r'rencrr ifln,,:" rmarson'r.fiowever, t,hrs dertvnr.r'rrcannot be proircn, rhcreac J.n the agglutinatlve languages, the exlstlnqslfillcrltlct clcarly prove t,hat the slngular fonn of Lhe pregent tpnseof the pcrsonal aufflx of the Ol-d Slavle languase ls ldenil.eal to ilre cqutvnlorrlol"nent ln thc agglutlnetlve Languages.

Tungurian: -ui/ -.nL) -x)-u/ -t , ete.vod-X - f leadodE-u -Irll1bebtSd-v - X em

ri-n{ - I ktllcdri-n ' u.s.vodl-{D*Il"ead"ete"Serbo-Croatian:

=6d'-

2nd. ierson Singular!

Old jlavic: -Si, vede-YlSerbo-CroaLian: -5, vodl-ETungusian: -sl, wEJ-sl (you killed)

cf. -s, wi-s = u.s.

lrd. Person Sing.:O1d Slavlc:

Vogul:

Scrbo-C roaLiirn:

Mordvinian:

OId illavic.

-LTo: vede-t% = he leads

-Dt t Jlrr-et = he eomes

: Jl-ut = u.s.-d : vodl- he leads

-fi z vanL = he looks, etc.I'lowlle shalf examine the p1ural connoctlons.

vode-m? - we lead, vodl-nd = u.s.vede-te = they 1ed, vodL-te = u.s.vedft-t%= thcy 1ed, voda = u.s.

Thc plural personal suffl-xes:Ist. person: 01d Slavlc:

Flnnl sh:

Bstonlan:

2nd. person: O1d Slavlc:Flnnlsh:Iistonian:

lrd. person: Old Slavlc:Flnrrlsh:

Hstonian:

Cheremlss:

Voeu1:

I,tordvlnian:

J[e

-me; ete.

-te-te-te; etc.

-Itto-vat-d

-tI

-t ... etc.

Let us complete the conparlson:Old Slavic:Tunguslan:

Oid slavic:Tungus!"an:

01d Slavlc:VoguJ.t

Old Slavlc:Est onl.an:

Ofd Slevlc:Estonian:

0styak:

01d Slavlc:Chcremlss:

Ostyak:

MordvLnian:

-69-

ved-ff = I lead

odE-u -fsha1lbe

veOi-Ui - you leadnrdJ-sL * you ki).led

vode-tr! = he leads

Jlw- )t = he comes

vede+n{6 = we fead

n4e-me -- we look

vede-te = thay lednd-te - thcy looked

Jll-tt = you ca&e

vedft -tG = Lhcy leadtott -t ' they corne

Jtf -et = they corne

pa1l-t = the.y klss, etc.

USOKI- LJOLOS

Old Slavlc:

oEtyak:

liule: In Lhe language whlch iB called 01d jlavlc, lhe structure of ttresufflx in the present tense, together w.ith lLs components, is idenLlcalto lhe structure of slnrllar elenenls ln the aqglutinative 1anfluaries.Let us see t,he dual connections:

vede-vB = we lead (two of us)vede-ta = the.y led (two of thern)

ved,e-Le/-l,a/ = they lead (Lwo of thenr;

JlI+nA -n ' we come

Jll-tl -n = you come

JII-IA -n = they come

Rule: 'Thenold Slavl0n 1anflu4ge could not ha.ve lnherited the sufflxes ofthe present tense w{th thelr structure and elements from the Indo-Europenn

language because there ls no kind of llnguistlc data to incllcate Lhe exlsLnrrr.a

of the Indo-r:,uropean languaqe, but the wbole structure and its elemerrls nraldontical to the equlvalent forms ln the agglutlnaLive J.anquages.

OLd Slavlc:TungusLan;

l'llth the suffLxc

r"7.&

p r$ti r apan

b .- - cxlrt, tr"i.ve, be

prfr -3- 'Ttp41 lshort forrno/

pp /short formlpm-s-o-n%

P4'i-soto

PO-s-rqibl-s} -nr

bl.-s b -nrl.bL-s3 -y11

bi.-s; -pbi.-s) -cbl-s ..

"

Csoke-Botoa

RuLp: The present, tense of the old slavle Language can be uscd to oxprcssthe future tense, the PresenL Future, Just as ln the agal"utlnativ€ lanRuaecs.

TilI A0RIST TUlr_Slt

I'lotc that I am purposely uglnB Blclfcldtrs cxpressl.ons. In thlr ray, I lntandto avold posslbrc nLsundorstandr.ngs. Thc ergn of thr,s trtensc, lrt -a-rso LLngulstlc research carls tt thc nslgnatlc* aorlat tcnsc. Thls parti.clc,under phonetic change, becarnc -h- ard -S-. ThJ.r tlne we shall erarnLnc thcs,/h ehange"

StaLementl Thts parH.ele, or tence sufflxo ls not of Indo-Europcanorlgln bccause we can also frrd Lts e.qurvalcnt rn [he aggrutrnatrvc ranguages,c.g. ln Lhe Tunguslan J.anguagoa, Ln VoguL end also Ln EsLrlntan ".. Lct uienphasLze that, wlthln thrs etudy, re prcecnt only the correct connccil.ons.Lct uc begln wLth the aorl.at -s-.

-7r- cs'Jke-Botos

tet us compare the Old Slavlc p.l.r,rral and dual fonn with the0slyak equivalenls, past tensc:

Jl-su-w = we cane

Jl-s-tlJ t-sl -tJl-s-mr-n /auaS./

Ji-s-tb-nJl-s-ta-n

pm -so-m,7t,

p.4t-s-tep /9-s-,{1

prn-"o-JBp/n -s-taP /9r -s-te

Let us noLlco the Estonian connecLlons In the rrlural form:luge-si-me = we read (pasL)

luge-s1*Le

luge-si-d...l'le can cl-early see the personal sufflx and lts identical components!rt is lnpossLble to undersLand how the linquisLs faired t,o nobice theseconnecLlonsl rhe rndo-European ttequivafentst cannot be accepLecl becrrrscthey are only a hypothesis, created aL the writins desk!The rndo-European hypr:thetlcar word: *pEn-s-te = you stretchad (rne)orrt

01d Slavlc:Tungusl-an:

Estonlan:

pdl-s-te = u.s.bI-s)-gluge-sl-te , etc.

fta functlon ls to express past actlon"

Facts uhlch carr be found ln the livlng 1anguarle have weight: tho sl4lof the aorlsL tense 18 not of Indo-Eurofean orogin.

We can prove how nuch thls elernent, the -s- formanl, belongs to l;1r,,

agglutlnative languages by exarnlning the slruclure of the anc{errt Flaster.rr

languge, the Hurrlte langurrge. cf . Diakonoff, Op.Cl.t. p. LI5/2 and p. l;)./:-^V,-, -iY-, -oE-, -uE. . These sufflxes, accordlng to linguisLics, ar. t,lr.sign of the I'erfecb or Preterite tense.e.B. adi-nl-n t,aie-n idd-u/o"z-l-a = therefore thaL ls m.y gift. Lhar, was carrlundu-nu-an d'en/a/-ttt-/e/n pa9E-u/oY-i = and now mv brother ha; jrrsL ir.r,. (,r.r..

Consequently, Lhe linguistic forrn of the langiraqe which ls crrl IrrlOId 51avlc, the trsigniaLlctr past tense, ls not of Irrdo-flrrspean or.iq1n, trrrl.

ldentlca] to equi.valent forrug i.n the agr;J-ubinati"ve lanruages.

42-

-s-, -Y-, -ch--s-, -s1--e-, -s1-, -hl"--3-

-u/ot-o ehc,

ce6ke-Botos

The ldentlcal"lty l"s undenlablal

But Let us contlnuc the eonparlaon" Ac re havc already mcntloncd,

tho Old SLavlc aorlst sl.gn ehanges undcr certaln phonctle condltLonsg

s)hs)g

fhe aamo pocsl-bl.ltty aLso cxlste ln the tungusl-an Languagcs:

Udlhe: sl> ht and tx

e.g. Old ilavlc: JB-eh-u - I spokc

Udlho! tE-frl-rnL-!cetrt-cho-o0 - r.o spokc

t5-h-u - ra sat

rt-r-tc - you apoke (plu.)t5-tr-u - you sat, (plu")t'b'X*, - thcy spokc

tE-ht-tL r ft,[6.y aat

il.i-d-na - I ltvcd

Old Sl.avLcc

llstoni.ang

Tunguslan;

Cherenlss:

Hurrlte:

cf. Chcrenlssg

lrooj!:O1d SLavie:

Istonlan:Old Slavic:

-??;

pad- = fall : MordvinlanM: Fal- = ki€s

nig- = lookpad-'lo Mordvinianli: Pal-a-itpad-e pal-a-tpad-e pal-a-X

pad-o-m?p paf-a-rng

pad-e-te Pa1-a-d€

pad-ir pa}-a-dt

Ilstonlan: nig-1-nndg-i-dni q-lnIg-i-rne

n5g-1-te

nig-l-d, etc.

c s#ke-Bc.los

widely used JrreLnrl l.a

it wtth t,lre :jarrrn lr r.l. I ,. l.,r I

5f avic :

Nobe: The aslgnatlc aorlst tense ls ldentlcal to the

of the agglutlnatlve languages, therefore we lndlcate

-l-f'. -a-, -e-, etc./ Let us compare lt wlth the 01d

Ol-d Slavic: pad-e = faIl.rIlstonian: nig-t = neze! (Hung.) = Look!

f$-Y-ta - you l-lvcd (stne.)rr3-Y-t, - he ll.vedr ctc.

Rul.cl Thc Lrnguage whlch ls cal-lcd Old Slavlc cennot be an Indo-Europtan

nor a Slavl-c lanquage" The atmctural- cohcrorrce of the Old Sl-avle 1-angua6c

can bc declphcred onl-y by comparlson vl-th the agglutl-naLlvr Languagec and

dcfLnltely not t{lth the Indo-Europeen J.angurrgcsl

l'low I wll^l present the eoni-st tenee wlthout the rrs!.gmaie, nhleh ltnguLstshavc declared to be unnarked"

Statcnent: Thls tense Ls Ldenti.cal to the pret,erl-Ce of, t'he agglutlnatl-velangnages uhose sLgn ls: -l--o/-a-o -e-e dte"f

rn olri slavlc also, the personal suffix has disappeared' cf' with t'lte nl"rv^'

We do noL even mention the Hungarian connectlonsl The groupinqs of t,lt''

past Lense of bhe "Old Slavicrr.language are ldentical to slndl'ar qrorlllrr/"r

of bhe Chererniss language.

Cheremiss: asignatle : to]-3 -n = I came

01d Slavtc: asigmaLlc: pad-% = I fellCheremlss: slgmatic: i13-!$'-m = I l1ved

Old Slavlc: signaLlc: pa-s-G = I spanned, eLc.

I believe thaL llnguists flnall.y have to adrntL that Lhev were t,"trllrnistaken when bhey deel.ared the"Olcl ilavic"latr/luaqe to be of fndo-li,tr.l,r'rrtt

origin.

=l\- cadkc-Botoa

tHli b{P[,rtFIrCT

rn the old $lavic languagc, thcre lr e past tensc callcd the nrnpcrfeetn.

Its ai.gn lsl -ach .."€r$e dela-aeh-% - I urxdo

" dBlt-ach-%-IrccoycredvldB-actr-4b - I satc

Udtha/tungusian: ga-xl-nrL = I recelvedwi-ha-rnl * I kttled

Orocs/Tunp,usLanc rA'-ha-n -The orlgln of thls sufflx le the abovc-prcscnted arlgmatlc paat

bensc sufflx -1, etc. and the c!.gnatte paat tenrc aufflx, -s. Thcrcfore lt laa coslDourd" Thlg means that thls suffl,x i.g not ttrndo-Europeanh ctther but{t ls a sufflx whlch ls stilL usad ln two agglutlnatlve Languager" lrlatureLLy;hcre wc have present,ed only the reqular connecU.onee but thc detattedorplanatLon la the task of further rcsearch.

-7r-

THE I,I'1PL]}TATIYE }4OOI-}

In 01d Slavic, the sufflx is -iHungariani

Suncrlan:

Cs6ke-Botog

-t)-J ) etc.-{7 -a, etc.

G.g. Sunerlen: Yu-zu luhh-{ = wash your handslcf. Poebel, Op.Cit. ll67t+-6gl'

OId Hungarian: rnrt;i-l - mutasd - show!

gyer.c - comel

neez-e = takelpopu]ar: men-J - go!

Suncrlan:

leI-J - 1'1n61

{.-J - wrltet etc.gln-a - got

zlg-a - get uplsi-sd-e = Ieadt drivelbadd-u - runl

rrOld Slavlc": nes-l = brlnctdvlgn-l -

^o,ru,dBlu-l - aot

r6e-l - say, speak

pomodz-l = helplcf. Fed-i-te = eatl (plu.)

cf. Hungarian: J'6v-e-tek = comet

The slmilarlty and rdentlty are so obvlous that it is amazrng thallinqulsts did not notice then, or maybe they rlld not want to notl.ce Lhern.

The rr01d Slevic'r brL6-l! = be, exlst, live (alxlliary verl;)rs not of rndo-European origin either but ls ldenLleal. to the verbar formwldcly used ln the agglutinatlve languages.

Thus, Tunguslen:

Llb. MongolJ.anr

cf.SunerLan:

-f6*

bL- - bc, cxlst, l"ly€bii- * ber exlatbayl- - o.t"bar 7lr, 56 - u.s.

cc6ke-Botos

!t|e r11l present the suffixeg of thc l-rregrtlar verbs from rrltten documents.cf. Blelfeldt, Op.Clt" p. 2o2/t26}€.8. lcs{&=Iam : aerbo-Croatlan! Jesam - u.s"

JcslJe

Jesno

J6stcJcsu...

Scrbo-Croatl.an:nold Slavlcrt:

FCs-t - he ls

c I *t - they are

In the 01d Slavlc languege, Ln Serbo-Croatlan and ln othar Slavlelanguagcs, tn slmilar formatlon, the J- eound at the begLnnl.ng of e rordis a prothesls" Thc fonn wlthout thb protheala exlstr, for cxanplen ln thcVogul- X.anguager

trgrr - r arn

analyzed: E-ea -rn o

word rootrepetl.tlve sufHxpersonal, eufflx

J-c-s-m€ t $C-Enb ""Thl.s verbal fcrm ls not, of Indo-European orLgln but Ls l"denH.caL to

thc equlval-enL form ln the agglutlnatlvc languagcs" Thc root is : e-The repetltlvs sufflx ls -s- , ri.del.y exlsting ln the agql_utlnatlvc 1anguaqcs,e"g. llungarlan I te-sz (does)3 le-az (rlU b€).

Thus, Old Slavlc:Flnnl-sh:

}{ongo11an:

Hungarlen!

-77-

e-o-:cf.on=lse- ! cf. alu = u.s.a- : cf. l-s ... etc.

cs6ke-Botos

cf. Koreani lt-ta( lst-da(1-si-da = lsr exisLr liveThe root ls: l-, the repet,etlve sufflx : -sl"-, the vcrbal norrn sufllx: -l.t/-rltr

'Ihe Ol"d Sfavic vcrbal form (tense) is not llnked Lo the Jncio-

Europcan connectLons. Thc Koreans dld not borror the verb - to be- fr,rnthe Gcrmansl

cernan: lst ( f-s-tKorean: ltta( i-s-ta (f-st-aaThorefore : German: is-

Engllsfr: ls-Koreani lsi( t-sl-l I t

Inportant. The Indo-Europcan llngulstlcs exaggerated the hlstory of Lhe

Ianguagcs called Indo-Europeanl

The tlme of realizatlon l-s herc ...Past tense, OId Slavle : bt-ch-,6 = I was

,lr Ioo I 'youwercut J =hewas

Tunguslan: bt-5i-w = I wag

bt-de-s = you were

bt-6e - he was , etc.Herc we noLe that ln the rrOld Sfavlcn language, the verb -to ba -

b'l't - forms tho future tensc rtth the sufftx -de-, l-n spite of the facl;Lhat the Indo-IJuropean llngulsts dld not wanL to or do rrot wanL to noLice tr,.

The cquivalent of thls suffix ls present in the Tungusian lanqrrarqe:

-at!-, -aLI-, -dU*, -d1-, ctc., the sufflx whlch lndleates the future Lerrse.

Old Sl"avle: b8d- = I wlll be : Tunguslan: bl-dii-mSlovak: bulp-m = u.s.Serbo-Croatlan: bude-m = u.s.

cf0'

'TIM VERBAT, NOUNS

Cstkc-Botoc

L. Thc 0onttnuous AdJectlval Vcrbal lloun (Prcrent, Partlelplc).Let us take thc n0ld Slevlen aufflx fornatl.on.Gcnltlve alngrlers

I. vcC-htt-e - of thc lcadcrIIo zna- hS Ut-a - of th6 c:pcrt

III. ehval-,o5t-a - of tho praircfThcraforc thc sufflx i.c c 1. -/tIr- r - l-r$It- - -Jg{t-

a. -rBJt- * -3it-Lct us cxanLne thc flrst, f,ormr

rn.- F85f"-o#- dth knorlcdge

Accordlng to the atetementg of llngulrtro the foroantc -rrn$t- r.rfift-gocs back to the Indo-Suropcen slencntl -J9-nt-1- --JontJ-r ln rhlehthc consonant group t,j ln "Old $lsvlc[ boearnc St, t tJ) 5U (tnrcrted ordcr)"Illuotratlons -Jg-nt-1-

-JontJ-thuss -Jgrl-andi -Jgtt-

fl-netr Iy: -:-o{Unrttgen: - irnYt-

and: -"tit- e ruffh cLustcro

Llngulc0s rtated that ihe Old Slavl.c suffli Bors back to tho Indo-Eunop.en

parttclplal aufflx -nL-. Wa reJcct thls and tte 6tatc thet m do not knoy

of any wrlttcn documcnts ln xhlch thc exlstcnc" lGro ruppoacd$lndo-Europcanllforraant could be provon.

lfc provc thet thls cufflx ln lts hermony, fornttlon, loeetlon end funetlor.rgocs back to thc Sunerlan partlel^plaL aufflx -cd" ?he nasal forn Ls a

later dcveloJroent of, Old Slavlc"

-?9- cs6ke-Botos

Thus, Surnerlan: sag-ba1-E-Darn - belnq, exi.sting...g1-nun-dl-Da-in - gcreamLnq ...dU_Dam = bulldlnglet-tl-i1A-Dam = looklng (raisinq the eyes)nam-tar-rE-De * determlning t,he fate ...

thereforer Sumerian: -ed (partlclpialfornant)Hungarian; -end/-and

,Old Slavlc! *_J_oi,_J_

*-J-ont_J_

-h5r - JgXt ...Thls sufflx also exl-sts ln the Hungarlan rmetathesls".nold Sl-avlcil. zan- |EEt = knowing, (Iiung. trrdanct)

ve1- ft 5t - eorunancllng (Hung. parancsoland)

veO-S$t : leading (Hung. vezetend)transcribed: ved-JonUt - Ieading (Cermanl fiihrend)

Hungarlan: foly-vist - ffowing (Oerman: fltessend)biz-v'ast - trustlng (Gennan: vertrauend)fut-v6st = running (Gervnan: laufencl), etc.

Question: why calt this ttord sravlcrr language 'rndo-European-slavlcr wlrerr

lt lsnrt?Note: The above-presented suffix in O1d Slavle, Lhe -.ionXt-/ -Jg{t-1ls only used ln the suffi.x form. rt doeg noL apnear in the nomlnaLlve crire.The Old lilavlc nomlnalive form ends ln a vowol which assimilatecl Lhc sorrrr<l

of bhe verbal sufflx.Thus: ved-'/o.|g = vezet-5 * leaclcr

zna- l-r'fi = ludS * expertchval-rgr -- dteslr-8 - praiger, etc.

Thls sufflx is also identical to the r+idely used equiva.lenL in the aArlullrlt.lvalanguages; Thus : flnal sound plus sufflx:

tt-v-v) -vr tt

-\6- l-rfi /-niaLvs/_$l

in Lhe agglutirrative Ianguaqesl -fl, -1, -Y, -o,

-s0- co8kc-notoc -ol- L,SOK.-t-JOLo3

rn the Mongollan ranguage, thls s'ffix ean be found in the forlowrrrrcombj.natlon: -{san/ -gsen, perfect noune.8. yabu-fsan - who arrived, who canie

kele- gsen = who spoke, saidIn WrLtten Mongolian thls comblnatlon cari also be found:

Xhal-kha-Mongol.lan

yabu-fsa-far = tho onc who alreariy ]eft,yaw-s6r = u.s.kek-{e = ono who dldTunguslan:

MorphoJ"ogy, 01d Slavlc: -rb\--v Tos-

dongollan: -[aan/ -gsenTunguslan: -k!a, -sa, *Ya, -Ei, etc..Note: This sufflx ls identleal to the above-presented _s_ preieritc atltflx.

3. Perfect PartlclploIn trold Slavlc'r: -I% is the sufflxc.g. da-Ir|o= glven

' b1-1% = htrdbla-lfa - done

Vra-I,b = bouqht, ele.Mongollan: -1uf al-liige : -Iu-f,a

-Iar/-Ie!-Iaf-Ie

e.g. Llterary llongollan:yabu-lu{e = laft,ilkii-le-gel - dted

nede-l-ii-i? - di.d he/she know?

Yawa-lf = leftyow-1-d - u.s.bl-lE = been

bi-fil = has he been?

Sumerlans

Hturgerlanl

HurrLtc:

UrartulbrdvlnlantFlnnlsh dlal-eetrLappK :

Old Slavlc:

2. The Pest

The slgns are3

Gcnltivc;

SaYtugtug-"-r"u-a

kl-beL-a

{-^Lssz-a

szagl-a

sziil-cUn-e

tad-ug-ar-i.

!a-1-n5paL-I

Laula-|6lLrs-1

4

- to the hcarer

- providor- rebclllng countr.y

- encestrt- drink- snJ.ff

- gtvc blrth- f,uture

- l-over

- buyer

- klsscr- 61ngcr, rLngLng

r gwrlLolref

I*r al"kha-Mongo ll an

Kalmuck:

vd-VG- ledderr ctc.

tcnre AdJectlveL Vorbel t'loun (PasN Partl.el.plc)

a). -gs- /rooI.s whLeh crd tn consonanbs/

b). -rV;- /roots nhlch end I"n vorek/a) vcd-!J-a !v,vcd- - lcadb) zne-vt I-s ! tna- - knor

Phonctlcc: The 5-sound f,omatLonc sJ> fTrrnguslanl Ja/ -Ei

am+d ' conre (has come)

diarn-wEa - takenr bought

01d Slavlc: zna-v,gJ - cf. above .".Fron theec faets rc can aoncLudc that the forms prasentcdu*&r polnt a).cxprcss ectlvc ectlon, vhereao undcr polnt b). thoy are passlvc. Wlth thehel"p of the Tun$ralen tanguagc comparl.son, $c can solre thc aa yrt umcsolvcdnorphologlcaL connectLons of the 01d Slavie tenscso".

.6tr- caSkc-Eotoa

to th.r.8.

Blelfeldt nont.lons , Op. Ctt. po 228e that thfu auffLx la ldentieeladJcctlve sufflx -1% c tn Old SlavLe.

gnl-lrl - rottsnztbr'i-lr?o . rlpG

Therc connectlons elso exlst ln the agglutlnatl,ve Languagesr

[ongoll.ant tent-l - aequdlitddo ltnown

tufu-l - eslf I to celvcxir-lD-red:flirshcdosa-l-bad:ncgl.ectedy*r1-rl - reglsterodsevgl-ltr - lovcd, ctc"

Consequently that i.nportan0 auffh and lts atmcture ls not of,

Indo-European orlgln but i.t belongo to the aqglutlnatlvc l^anquagca end

ls llngulstlcall;r chsract,erlstic of thcn. Thc language v?rlch ts oalX.rdtrOld Slavlcn cannot bc of Indo-Duropaan orlgln becausc lta ttrueturels ldentlca} to bho egglutl.natl"ve X.anguagea&

lr. Thc Prosent Tense PessLfr AdJoctlvaX. Vcrbal- lJoun.

-m%!r0ld Slavlcr';e"8. nero-frl/fr * takan

notr"l-nlb = bc8gcd

vedo-7tl1' - l.dptJe-m% - wr!.ttcnyaz-ma - wrltLen

as-ma - hangcd, hun6

kfis-ni ' cuO

bar-nna o passcd, Lofttcno-n$ - f'l"lledrudlo * cmtu notched

5. Passlve Preterltc PartlclPle.

Old SLevic:

e.8.

OId Turklsh:

l.lordvlnian:

Cherendss:

Korean:

Old Sl-avlc:

c.8.

'ntlo, -antTor'en'(anes-en! = takcn

ved-en'16 - 1ed

re6-en? = sald

tol-un - fullr fllledtiig-iitr - knotr knotted

kado-fi * lefLr abandoned

pala-6 = kisscd

kando-r{ - broughL

pul-n6 = been

Eug-ln = dead

sa-n = shoppedr etc.

4Vraspnr -t'6 - stretched otlt

kl,q|-trA * eursed

t*r-t4r = harvasted

povl -t tlp - rolled uP

siipr-intii * garbage, svrapL

kur-untu - concelted

bula-ntY - disturbcd r mixed uP

kifesz{tett = stretched out

6tkozoLt = cursed

bek6pzett = concelbedr etc.

,II{E SUPIN!]

-L @

viat-t% = in order to see

Iovi-t'la = ln order to eaLch

O-da = in order to become

cl-uster: taj-d$J = Lo read

tik-t{ = to fal-lr etc.ls not, of Inrto-European origin eiLher'

Turklsh:

Hungarlan:

Old Slavie:

e.g.

Tungusian:

Sufflx

This suffix

c sdke-BoLos

Chuwashl

Turklsh:

Turklsh:

old l\rkishl

ChcrcnLsa:

-.ti4:

I?ts PRSTIIES

rf -vectl i to lcad lrrbc -vozeL - u.i.ba-a-tu - to drrop lnbc-t6rt - u.s"va-ie{w-bllghtflrcta-gr(1t - rtrlob{-ct-rt r he putr it ln thcrcva@-vfbtt . to put lnbc-dug - eolc

1'o-mazati - to annolntbc-kcn; bc-oizol - u.a.n6-U{-ric. hc guldcd thr rhlp lnUc-{r6rrfft . to guldc lnpo-mrdlnttl - to frccacbc-falpr r g.g.ba-gln r hc rsnt therepo-ouEati - lnstructbe-tanft - u.r.ta-nl-s( - he sprlnklcd it onto lt,be-az6r, negsl6r, stc. r cprlnkle

caSltc-Botor-BJ-

Phonetlcs: b) v and b) p ..,I belleve that the identlcality cannot be denled.

called rrold Slavtc? is an agglutlnatlve language ...

csdkc-Botos

The languageThe language rhlch k callcd r0ld Slavlcr ur6c pn flxo, llk6

Suncnlan and HungarLan.

OLd Slavtcr r/ vG- - lnv{n- . in (rlth rorelc)

b/ po- r tocxsmplast

"/Hungarlan:

Suncrtan;

llungarlanl

llungarlan:

SunerLan:

Hungarlant

b/llurgerlantSuncr{.ant

llungarlenr

Hungarlant

$uncrLanr

Hungarlanr

Suh*lan!Hungarianl

Thc Sunerlan-Hungarl-an ldentleallt;rtba-, bf-ba-/b.- oo,

O]d Sl_avlc,

Sumerlan:

Hungarlan:

e.g.Sumerlan:

IlungarLan:

Hungarlan:

Hungarlan:

HungarLant

Sumsrl_en!

Hungarlan:

Sunerlan:

Hungarlan:

SuncrLen:

Hungarlanl

ou- = away, fromal-el- ... Phonetics: I), ...ou-rtzatl = to cut offal-bal-bal - breakol-tbrteou-krestl- - stealel-lop r 616s1

ou-m16 knfttt - to grow dunbeL-n6mu1 = to grow dunb (stlent)ou-chodltl - le&ve, go away

e]-negy o lcayeal-t11etd5l=to fallaI-hebb-a

e]-rothadt - rottenal-hu1-hul

e1-6tkozott - cursed., etc.

o66=

PHONETIC HISTORT

golttt - to burnfi

Bor-o-gr% nG- ovcn

$orn r uesr

gur, 46"5 r ovah

BtrU 43Or2 ' oven, atovc, fl.rcplacckur, L21 126

gal - flrcqor-ur- - hurtr burn

gul r llght thc fLregolomo - flrcplace

?tr olunta d uosu

gularnta - u.go

Cc6lo-Botoc

The Congonants.

Thc lnltlaL and final g-sourd of thc root,"

Old Slavlcs govfirla4a - cattlc- (adJecttrc)Scrbo-Croatiant govcda - cattLc (collcctlvc)

go-vc-

8a61...glrh 297 rJ - ox, horncd eattlcE.td 297ti r role*uX, 32916 - u.e"

Thla word La taken fron the SumcrLen and thcrcforc doce not orlglnatc fronthe Indo-Ewopean languager" W. havc to nantlon that thc Suncrlan: OllD

- dX.vlnlty ard thag the EnglLsh s COD and the Germans @TT - dtvtnl|yare also taken from the Sunerlano

tha rootrcf" OId IndlanrSuncrlan:

01d SIaILle:

Surnerlan:

OId Slavlc:cf. Iatln:

Swrerl-an:

OId Slavic:Llt. Mongollan:

Ulghur:Sulyuan:

01d Slavic:Serbo*Croatlan:

Ilungarlan!

01d TurkLsh:

Chagetal:

Uighur:

Llt. Mongollan:

0styak:

diafect: szugoly

_81- u 9o K e-bo r.o 3

gospod{a - }ordg1!, geJ, 29612 = man, lord, prlnce, soneone

lgo = yoke

lugwn = u.s.ugunr 35Ot2 = border, mounting

boe = Coa

bo/da = maJesty, royalLy; maJestlc, heavr:nlv

boX;daz - u.s.bo/da = Godr salnt

fr\ ErbI'Tt = an81e, corner

ugal 5 u.s.zugoly = nook, recesg

cf.ef.

Old SJ.avlce

gh€ noots

cf.cf" RussLan:

SuncrLan:

cf"cf.

IJterary liongoLlan:

cf.Lanut-TungueLen !

l,longollanc

l(lrghlzePhonctlcsc

s6gir - u.s.sii r;1r = u.s.sa?lr - u.s.sigu{" - anglc

3oT, so? * eornerr h111

Notc: In Old Slavtc the s-sound at the beglnning of the root has disnpl,onlr'l;

etructurally, the root together wlth the sufflx ls ldentical to the

Hungarian word: I zugoly

I szugolY : -lY = 5ug"1x

6td St.avlc: v$eVI% | -I\a = suffl-x

el t,hc end of, the root r)1 """

-88_

The lntt,lal- and fl.nal" k-solnd of the root.

csSke-Botoc

Old Slavtes kLtstl - to Lay, to load, put togcther01d Turklsh: qal.a- - to put togethar, aeLdc, to leylllddle Turklsh: kaLa - to plle up

Hungarlanl kelensra - shock, ptock (of corn)In OLd Slavlc, the e-sufflx ls thc repetcH-vc suffk.

ktloEo - krykul /2rB - cLose, lockkul-csol. : -csol - repetetlve eufflx - clesp (hands)

kul-cs - kryi hebarcs - nortarThls word went fron the Hungarlan lnto the sLavlc languagca regardlcse ofhow nuch the Flnno-Ugrlc J-lngulst,e reJect, thLsl

,89-

pekf,r = I baker.pek-ti = bake

peku = heatpekusl - hotpekusl-= to be hotpeku - hotpeJ-tl = bake

peg 354, BB = burn

kal% = dirtqaldag - paLch, dl.rt

Xald8?= u.s.

kr7rvt = bloodguru, gurun, kurun JJ2, 22 - bloodqor-qa? e pus

qurda5ep = boll on a horge ...

Cr8ke-RoL."

OLd $lavlc:Sunerlen:

Hungarlan:

01$ Slavlc:analysed I

Turklshc

OId Osman:

Chagetal:

Sumerlan:

9ld $lavlc:enaLyscd:

Scrbo-Croatlen:

Hungarianl

l.longollan:

l(alnuckr

Suncrlant

Letln (?)r

The anelent root

Thls word ls not of Indo-European orlgin either.

O1d Slavlc:Ancient Slavic:TunguslanrGold:

Olcha:

cf. 01d Slavlc:cf. Stllerlan:

Old Slavlc:Llt. llongolian:Kalnuck:

Old Slavlc-:

Sunerian:

Llt. llongollan:Chagatal:

Old Slavlc:analYsed I

Suncrl-an:

Hungarlan:

kovail - to f,orge

lcov-a-tl. - ltuJ-€-m - I forgckuyuncu - Jcreller, gol-dsn{thquy- - pour, cast (netal)quy- - melt mctal, pour

ku, 1168151 - preelorr<actalr rorker

pokol - retbpo-kol

po-k6J r u.r.po-koJnl - dLcd" dcad

huny, el-huny - cLoae your eycs, dl-c

eonu- r aleep, atay overnlght

;1ono- - u.e.

!"" - r€stgule-s - fart, rlcep, p€ecc

ku- cenmt bc of tlndo-European"orlgln"..

The supposed Indo*Europcan orlgln of Lhe O1d Slavlc z_sound.

znatl - know, inforn, teach

zna-tIa/ zu 6, l) - know, recoqnlzeb/ gi 85,&0 = u.s.

z6-gat, - lnformzu-vo1 = qossip, twist words

l'honetlcs: The vowel of the flrst syllable disappearecr. rn ..iunrerra,both root words exist: zu and gi. Therefore we have no need of .rnvIndo-European explanati-on.

*90*

ThctOl"o Slavletanclcnt f,ornl a6ne.SunertanB

Sunsrlan:

Greek:il.'(lrfuqt-6fi1- I rccogntze

crdke-Botoa

01d $lavlc: tr{rno - corrcf. Llbhuanlan: 61"n1s - peas

Sunerlan: zat \jlr2 - 6paln, corn

cf, Akkadiane ,6ru = sccds, sor,rlng, shoot

Kalouckl UareG - graLn

Shoron! Uyr*q * barley grltacf. Suneriane gur, guru 10 r 8rrron4r 5\2 - tccd, oprout, fruitcf, Iatlnc gr6nun - corn, kcnncX.

cf. Gcnnanl Korn - corn ctco

01d SLavlce z/Fb? - toothLlthuenlanl ["fiuas - aharp obJcctLlt. ilongollan: lobu-'far - polnt, potnted

cf.Osman:

Uob-qa-Jl - to be poLntod

clvrl - polnted, atrl

Altal.o Turki.shc Ylb"g" - o""oFlnnl.ah dlslactc hambaz - tooth

popular; hamrnag - uooo

Suncrl.ang zu, L5, 13 - u,ao

Oi.d Slavlq: aadi. = ln the back

analyseds zad-i.

Creck;

Suncrlang gudu 32912 - enus, post,erl.or

Vogult khutl- - portcrlorLl.t. llongol.lanl gedr - beck of the hcad

;66xvog - bottomp postertor

gadergii - bchlndr back

-9L--

s(o, s!, se = the

Eu - that there3U i U.3.

suhr = the

se + thls, Lhab

sielti - frorn theresllni = tlrere, over there, eLc.

csSke-tlo t,os

kld, kidin - back

kiidln - behlnd

tiitlX - baek of the head ...

zGv-a-tl = cafliavitt - dlscuss, practlse maglc

saw, geb * word, speech, proverb, news

Mlddlo Turklsh: sav-Ia - sneak a lob

"ar.-31 = fortune-telferSar,, = WOfd

SbU/iaq 38t+r2 = word, order

Thlg word ls not of Indo-European orlgin.

vez- =Ileadrltravelves-tl" = leads

ved-6-t%- u.s.vez-a-l6 = travelsv6da- - Ieads ; Hilngarlen: vozet

us 21112! = radfi = Iead, guide, go bohind, fo)l.wuduz- - lead

uduz- - u.s. etc.Notp: In the 01d Slavic and the supposed Flnno-Ugrlc languages, Lhe v-sclttrl

ls a prothesls. Tho d-, g- and z-sounds go back to the older ljutnerian

5-sound, thug the "Old Slavics }anguage is not of Indo-iluropean orlqln, l,ec,rtt'r.

ln the time of the Sunerlang there was not even a trace of the so-cal I erl

Indo-European Ianguages.

The supposed "Old Sl"avic" s-sound.in the j.nltlal and flnal 1xrsll,l,rt.

O1d Turklsh:Uighur:

Jakut:

01d Slav_lc:

LlthuanJ.an:

01d Tarklsh:

Vogul !

SunerLan:

01d Slavlc:cf.

cf.MordvinLan:

Surrerlan:

Ulghur:

OId Turklsh:

9l{-:ikvle:01d Turkish:Trtkish:Jakut:

Fi. nni. sh:

01d SlavlgtAltalc Turkiah:Chagetal:

Mongoltan:

Turklsh:Suncrlan:

01d Slavlc:Churachr

$zagaJl;

KrraktKamnl ,-Tatar!

Chegatel!

Osmant

S-glsslg:cf. Llthuanlan:rlakutl

fielnuekc

Llt. llongoll.anr

Old lurklshsTurhl!h:Clurrarhl

cfn Avcatat

;t2-

p4r-a-tl - wrLte

pfd-fn - rrrLtingr book

pcY-ek - tl.ckctr aLgn

pr6f.stn - nrltcrbt61- - *rttcblt- - u"s.

8r.&d4c€ - hoartUlrdls - u.r"afiri1 - u.t"z(iritr; - unso

flrrikcn - u.c.yflilit - urEo

yiirek - u.ca

{a rl . itploz 6 ro d-e - u"s. ctc.

Cs8kc-gotor -93- csdke-Botoc

bad 5915& - op!n, pLough

cf. pttZ 'goce

slovo - nurd

so}a- - speak

aiild- - uic.sllld- - u.r.sbyli- h lpcak, reya6ylc- - u.a.r5y1c- - orlo ator

9ld 9lavlc:Vogulr

Ostyak:

Finnish:[ordvlnlan:Gherenl"ssl

Turkmcnlan:

BasklrlenrUzbck!

JakutlIlungarl,an:

Chuwagh:

Sunerian:

cf. Oreek:

O1d Slavi_c:

Old lurklsh:Turkiah:UlghunOsnani

Jekutl?eleut:Flnnlsh:Sumerlan:

cf. Srunerian:

Turklshl

s%io - I0O

sEt - u.s.slt, slt, - u.s.gete * U.a.sada - u.!.

"iifo = o.".Jrid- u.s.

J8'd - u.s.

Jriz - u.s.

"{is - o.".sz6z - u.s.(.. = o.".Yarr396, r9/3o = many, a lotn&?% - 36C[ / loan word fron Surncrlan

ostrz = potntcd

of - polntu9 a u.s.uE - the polnted end

u{ = endr polntus-uk - u.a.uE-a- = sharpen

astala = spllnterfd, tUt = nountal,n

fet = spllnterlgne - spllnter, needlel

Notc: The forn ard mcanl.ng of thc ruppoccd lrdo-;Europcan norda do notbelong harc. the Old Slsvlc rord Lr. not of Indo-Eumpcan orlgln.

Note: Thc Old Slavlc s-sound ls not of sccondary Indo-European orlginbut ldentical to the stailar Urel-Altalc sound. Butaparl frorn thls, Lherea sccond posslbllity ln the agglutinatlve languages.

ilotrs fh. contun-saten theory li onLt a thaort and nothlng clse rro rcll,lct ul !!e.o

*9&- cs6ke-nrt,os

v4s(- rtllagevac ! urso e.g. l,lova-Vcs . UJfalu - Ncr glLl-atc

but vAS a uolr e.g. Nova-Vaa - UJfalu - llow Vi.llagcthe begi.nnlng of thc nord lr a prothe$is...

vGafto te(p{s&

*es ) veror *ea) vas

Sunerlan;

cf.cf. Akkadlanl

Just as:

neanlngr placp, localtty. Thts word in Akkadlen i.a borrowcd f,rom sumcrlan"Old Hungarlan: araa - hiza - hls housc

cf" Sdnaorhdze * S6ndorfalva - Sdndorrc vllLagcPhoncbl.csc The h- Ln tlungarlan La a protharla... y6t, thl6 rord rxLrts inSunerr.an ln thLs form too; aka" ag, 18316 - pLacc, local.ltycf" latLnr vTcus - group cf houses, villagcBoth ruord forms: vGat and vleua go back to the swtrcrLan wordac cX ard ak&, ag.Dcrlvatlon: Sumerlans a5,ci) Old Slavlec v6sb

agraka ) Iatln: vTcus...Thc tlmc hal corne for us to anafuze the Greek and LatLn Loan-rords from Sunrcrlen"""

-95- cs#ke*tk,1,,"

llungarian: szJk = chalrChagatel: siikt = chalrSouth Korean: BJgk * u.s. etc.The rooi word ln each case fs st-; tbe _s_ and _dB_ ara only sufflxes-..

01d SJ.avlg:

Slovoncl

Thc v-sound atThug:

Sloyencl

Old SlavLec

enalyzed:

cf,analyzed:

ef" X.atlnc

Sunerian!

cf.-f

e t o

X,lt " l{ongol-tr.anl

r,X, 1z8o2c - house

.Ya l28rze - "."".$iu, rYA*" eYru, o56ru

waifrru "..

01d Slavic:analyzed:

Mlddle Turkish:Osman;

O1d Turklsh:Vogul:

Latln:

OLd Slavic:Suoerlan:

Turklsh-Tatar:Persian:

Old Slavlc:iierbo*C roatian:

Note: As we can see, the fndo-European language fanrily, plronetlcalJyand morphologlcally, has no cornectlon wlth the Ural-Aftalc_Olcl 5lavlclanguage farnlly; where dld the p-sound go from the o1d sravle anri tirevogul )anguages? Moreover, the Gothic word forn ls : srbun, the 0reekhowever *:LnrJ r rn connection wlth thls, eompare the senrrtlc-Akkerrnnword: Ylbu or stbi = ?. How dld Lhe b-sound tn the 01d Slavlc antt Vorulwords becorre a d-sound? If the Hungarian word "hret,, is an rAryann loan_wor(1,hor cou-l"d lt be rrPrnno-ugrrc"? From thls, rt ls crear thaL the 'rrnrr'*Europeanrr lingulsts are afways guidcd by politlcal interest anrl in Lhig wnvthey make their declslon, never according to the truth...

sedrnE= 7

sed-m'6: -rn%=sufflxJadr - 7

Jedt = 7

xltl - 7

sEt=zscptem - / etc.

mbzda - Hages

neYr 7619 o rent, proceeds, incorne

ma5-da-a-rl 76,7O

miizd = sal_ary, honorarlummuf,d = u.s. (loan-word from Sumerian)

The 01d Slavlc ch-sound

ouiho - ear

ucho * u.s.,rEi = ears

sts-tL - slt down

st-s-t,1gbaB-tf * he strsdB-at-trsede-rc * u"s"su$ 536,14 - stt$c-du 16?12o6 - u.s"su5 53611& - u"s.3lg? 151,6'u.r"safu ' slf, I,lural:

Suncrlanr EuX ZII'TO - hcar, p*ccLrePhonctlcss The inltlaL S-aound dlsappeared.t{orphologr: The Old Slavlc word tc clnptry a ycrbal_noun, thuar

.. ucho( uch-o - heerere.g. Flnnlsh: korva - ear, whtch eetuall.y n6anr : hcarcr and !.hlch i3felat6d to the Turkl"sh: eulqe - ear, ectually: lgarer.

Old Turkishc

cf,.

01d $lavlc:Surnerlans

Zyrlan:Vottrak s

Cheremlss!

Old Slavtg:anclcnt for.n:

l,lt. l{on6oLlanr

Kalmuck:

Jakut g

MlddLc l{ong,ollanl

Hungarlant

-96-

EUtd - hcar

e$lt - uoe.

mouehe - f,lyro.r{ 40516 - p1"

,nu$omoE - bee

rnu5g u.e.mitXI - uosce ctc.

vr4ehrb r peskttvr4 ahrto

onol - peak, polntorB * u"a.oro! - u.so

horal- - u"s"oronrc u.so, ctcn

cc8kc-Botoc

Thus, Iatin:Osman:

Kazanl-Tatar:

Llt. Mongollan:

01d Sla_tdc:

ahcient fonn:Ofd Turklsh:Turklsh:Jskut:RussLani

Phonetics: Inthe verbal noun

v ( prothesd-s.

accorJance withAnalyzed:

-97* cs6ke-[tot,o,n

verrica - rloe, wartur * swolllng, gr.owlh,a ..oro = u.s.ur = lump, knot

n.tiftf t v4rchg = I thrastr4.,*urtidltl ! rurche

)ur = to beatvur- r u.g.ir_ * plle up

v6roch - corn stocktho OLd Slavlc language, the v-sound al the beglnn.lng ofgoes back to a more ancjenl u-sound. In the present LensaThc conncctlon ls logica1, and ln overy respect lt is lnreallty and therc are no Indo-European characterlstlcs lrr

vrtirtt ( *ur-t5-i-rtconsequently, the hypothetlcel Frnrn-ttgrre or A4ran,rordr rhckye - flyr

bee, can bc flnally traccd back to thc Surncrj.an rord aboveooo

I

I

Phonetlcs: In Old Slayls y(ucf. s€rbo-Croatlans rurch)vrchcf. Russlan: verch(v-crch(*crehi Ln Russlan the v-sound lsa prothesif.Blcrfeldt, cf" op"clt" p.d3, ldcntlfles thls rord wlth the tatlnr rarrficaE acab, rlse. Thl-s word f,ornn al6o erLsts ln the fiongol_lurklsh Languages,lr,lthout the v-prof,hesls.

tlchG - quiet, peacefultt5lna = sllencct"iEi - he dreans

tiig - dream

tl fJ,6 = rest

chodlti - to go, go

od-, odu- * happen, stand asjde58ag = way

ad- = strldeda-lm = step, ete.

verb root I I

repetellve sulflx 6-_-.l I

vorbal suffix q--.---_--lverbal noun

OId Slavlc:cf. Serbo-Croatian:

OId Turklsh:Chagatai:

Sumerlan:

OId Sl-avic:

Llt. llongolian:cf. Greek:

Os[lAn3

Turlmenlan:

-98- cs3kc-Botor

Thc Inltlal and Flnel aoundr of the rrot *orda

E-.gIg!&: plBdc - Ln lront of, bcforcAncltnt Slavlct *pcr-d% / aeeordln8 to Btclfcldt/Llt. f{ongollen: url-da - ln front of, beforcJakutl urut - u.c'Anclont llongollant r+purl-da - u.e.Osman! pdrA6 - curtaln (l)

Q!C-fllg&!g: s?p-e-il - tl?epilongollan: seb - rtcovcry, rartSrmrcrlant eIgr 29i, &7c - rLlcncc, rcotPhonetlcs; e);)")n "..

01d Slav1c: fB-tl - sLng

the rootr pt-osnanr 6t - u.r. /-r - afitIt/Jekutt At, - spcak, oound

Phoneticst [n Turklsh, thc Lnltlal p-sound dl.rappcared.

-99-

prl-I6p-a-tl = stick there

lep-t-tl - stlckyap-5ur- - to fasten, stiekyap-L5tIr- * u.s.Srs-3!- - u.".

po1-ica - stlck / llterally: beater/bar 7l+r I17 - utr.at, rt'"nbal = strlker beat

p61ca - cane

palJa=hammcr:beaterpallata r to haruler

pell = ctrlke, bcat, fllrtbalga - hemner, eLc.

p4s-a-ti - wrltepf{-ft = wrLtlng, book

peU-et< = tickct, eignpfEf-din = wrlterbi6l - wrltebit- =.u.s. etc.

cs'5ke-Botnr

According to theso cra.nplee, Lhe L-sound at the beginnlng of the word

sccondary.

01d Slavic:Serbo-Croatian:

01d Turklsh:?urklsh:Chuvash:

Old Slavlc:Sulerlan:cf. Sunerlan:

Hungarl-an:

cf. Flnnlsh:

cf. Hungarian:

cf. Klrglc:

OId Slavlc:ALtalc ?urklsh:Chagatal:

!,{ongo1lan:

Turklshl

Old Slavlc:TungusJ.an:

liongollan:

01d Sl.avlc:

01d Turklsh:Ulghur:

0sne.n:

ls

01d {ilavlcr

ancLcnt forlrtFlnnlshllongollanrHungarlenr

o!$-srav:!grFlnnlshlVogul:

Suocrlans

Phonctl.csr b)p;

L. pr4at0 - carthr dust2. prach,6 . dugt

*f)orror - u.co / eccordLn3 to Blclfeldt/poro * duot, Irhctbor - dugtr sand

por duat ctcr

pol6- aldc, halfpuoll - u.s"pBl . u.a., ctc.ber ?t, l/86 - u.a.

and r)I

The Initlal and Flnal b-sound of the root.

b'lt{o-tt = be, exlst, 1lvebi- g u.s.bii- = u. s. , etc .

b|?4t<7 = 611buka = u.a.buka = trrs.bufa = u.s.

=1@-

buqa - trulL, obc"

b<ig iir - Lo bclloxrndgli-re - u.a.b8g - q.".

bLato - crernp

baLr&tln64 - u.s"bol6to - u"c"balEfT - dl-r'te fl-LLh, loanbelclk q ucse.

balElk r u.sccf. paldlk - u.s.

balqaE - swamp

cadke-Botoo

The Inltlal and

Old Slavlc:cf.

Llt. Mongollan:

Flnnlsh;Ulghur:

Chagetal:

-101-

Flna] t-sound of Lhe word-root.

14na - darkness

t4nQn6 = dark

ttunaY = fogry, dark

tunan * fogtu&na = dark

tamu = hellr plt, dungeon (!)tunan - fog, darkness

tunan - u.s. etc.

C si5 lrn - 1Lr Lc, rr

BloLfeldb, Op"CLt. # d5, l.rU.l not aecept the Urat_Altatc orlglnof chls word but rather traccs tt back to the slovcnr xord! b6katl- be]_ronand neanwhllc, he forgot, to nrentlon that thls r*ord also cxlsts ln bhc lutalolanguages, cf. abov€.

nebo - hcarenr skX

nab 12912 - Cod ,..Accordlng to BLelfeldt, thls rord ia ldcntlcal. to the tnttn: ncbula -

fog and the cermanr I'lebel rhlch neans the rame thln!. rt cannot bc aeecpiedthat the 'rAncl-ent slavs n had such a nfogp-J, l-dca of Heaven. Btceusc thl6word sounds llke the Latln and Gennan wolds, he prcsumer they are ldcntlealyet his comparJ"son, ln splte of thls, lc not eonvLnclng"."

Mongollanr

ef. Old Turklsh:UongolLan:

Hungarl.an:

0l4_Slavlc:Suroerian:

OId Slarlc:cf.cf. Rugslan:

Llt. l4ongoLlan:

Turklsh:Eastcrn Turklsh:

Klrglzl

Sunerlan:

Serbo-CroaLlan:

cf. lstln

Notct Thlsr"ord kent Lnto liorlern Greek from the agglutlnative language,i.ptn"Ta

Old Slavig: to5-t-tf = lo make flowcf. tokt|r - lilow, river

Old Turklsh: tdk- - to pour outOsman: d6k- = pour, pour outChuwash: tSk-, tok- = u.o.Sunorian: drgr 396, 26 = pour oul, inPhonetics: k) E palaLalizatlon .,.

t%k-a-ti = weave

toqY- = u.s.toku- = u.s.tokY- * u.s.toka- - u.s.doku- - u.s.Lag, 126126 = weavc, sLrikeLukur 126,22 - u.s.

'fhls needs no explanatlon...

Ol-d Slalic: tt6L-tt5-tr1 = p'ush

Ulghur, Old Turkish: 1fi1 = push aqainst sornelhing

lllddle Turkish: U{t = to sLuff lnOsnran.. tYka = lo stop up

cf. aYk- = u.s.

OId S.l,a'!r1c:

Ol-d Turklsh:Uighur:

l{lddle Turklsh:ChagaLai:

Ogman:

Sumerian:barans - Euphrates

bareY - snamp

paLus - u.g. cte.The SumerLans ca1ld the Euphrates Lhe rgreat baraner - the great

swanpy rlver. Thc Lat'ln nord l-a a ]"oan-flord" The Labtn languagc la not alupcrlor langua6;e" The world dld not begl.n wlth thc latln and Greek lenguag6c .Thc l"anguage cal"lcd it0ld Slavlcw cannoL be an Indo-Europeen languaqe becausathere ls absoLutcLy no proof Lo lndlcate that tt, cver crl"stede rt ls onl.ya hypothetlcal ancLent languapqco created at, the dcsk...

4o2-

oLte4a - fetharata { u.!.tta ! u.!.atakl - ded, cten

codke-rotos

OId S1avlc:

cf.Lit. llongolian:

cf.cf. Tungwlan:

cf. 01d Slavlc:

01d Slavlc:cf'

Ancient forrl:Sunerlan:

01d SlavictSerbo-Croatlan:

Sunerian:

-10r-

ttaa - knonledge

ota*t-tr - to know

roedc-ge - to knowl knowledge

mede- = to know, decLde

niiddy-, nydde - mark, notenftdr& = r'lsenffdrost,% = wlsdon, ei,c.

CsSk o-Botot

Old $lavlclOld TurklshlTurklsht

dlddlc Turkllhr

Old $lavlcrSuncrl.an:

cf.

013 Slavlc!cf. Rursten!

Uzbek:

llastern TurldshlTurkncnlan:

Teranchent

Old _$lsvlc I

Otd ?urklrh:Ogmant

Chegatel-:

Mongollanr

f,oreenr

Sunerl.en!

Old Slavlcrcf.Suacrlan!

Phonctlca:

Thc Inltlal and Flnal d-round of thc Word-root

oB-tt . tay, oet, putdu 206, tl a u.s.du, 2lOrJl - u.r.

drtvo - treed5rcro.- u.s.diriXt - u.a.derax . pl.ante trec, burh

daraht - trecdiirirx - ulrar

dont - housc

tan - ralltatr - u.6.tan - rooftane - vaIL

tan - lr.i.dLm, - l40r? - to bulLd

rouda - orcr ZdrA- red

urudu, urud 13212 - coppcr

urudu) trudu) Old Si.evl.cr rouds

urudu)unrd )trud) Old Slavlc; rrgd-r?

The Old Slavlc r-sound.

/Ed% - speech

re6-ti = to speak

re6-e-t% * u.s.Itrck-tlrIg,r 2lJctJ = to speak, to say

riea - u.s.Hungarian: rcg5l", rege * to rectter recltationPhonetics: Thc g-sound, wlth palatatlzatlon: g)q)X2i ln the languagc

called n01d SlavLc'r.

rlldB - Ihcr6a t roa.rer 2O6, a, 1l - ridura J28r2? = Sakdnu

rar 2Q6,23 = k6nuSenantlcs: to lead, guLde, rulc, dlrect, be suited to, follow, learier;hlp,

governncnt, be flrm" be constant, to set, to put, Lo orrler,to declde, to prepare, to creatc, to cffect, to apply

Hungarian: rend, rendez, rendef - otdcr, set ln order, to ordcrtttotc: The'bld slavrc/word is identlcal to the sumerian-Hungarian. rt berongrtO the agglutlnatlve languages whose prl-orl"ty can bo proven ln wrltten

Thc Lnltlal u-aourd, durlng thc course of phoneiLo hletory, dlsappcared,fore the d-aourd la not of lrdo-Europcan orLgln.

there-

-10[- Ccllkc-Botoc

docunentg.Let,thelrrdo-Europeanll-ngulr|schor'_alnllarvaluab}4,trrlttgndocurnents ahorlng [he tracce of the Indo-European langueger.

$!9,! The lnltlal r-sound ln the Old Slavle languai:c k' ln most c8r€!t

secondaryrc.g.ther-soundrforrnedbyatranspoaltlon'LaEl'soofUraL-Altaleorlgln.

-r0t

In rrOld Slavl-crr the lnltlal vowol dlsappcared. Nov let us see a

comparlsons of the word-endl"ngs.

cs6kc-Dotos

kr.ffgto = clrclckura 6o, 33h = fo curve, bcnd circlckorl = clrclequr-$a = to surround

kiirdii = clrcfe, etc.

*Farts /pronounced: Jiro/ = 3or1nu

Jar - u.r.Jar$ - u.s.yaz /< tar/ = ,.".Jraz ' Suomer

nydr - auno,cr

nar&n ' sun

derlm - srrnncr

5or, 6ur = springEar tizr3Sho8 = grecn

Jar8a - surnmcr corn

JdrsA - u.s.Jarysaa - u.s.

Jarlca = u.s. etc.is a loan-word from the agelutlnatlve languages.

kour6 = roosterkur-gl-hu )66157 * hen

kurkt = u.s.kurkl = crane

qora = nountaln-cock

qur = u.s. etc.

Old $lavlc:Sunerlanc

cf.Hungarlan:

cf.

ef, Old Slsele:

Llt. ltongollanl

OId $avlclLlto l{,ongolLan;

KolballBurJetr

Jakut!

Old Slavtcr r aA'tL ' to burYr dltHongoltant ur Pit, hollor

Ghagatal: or dltchr Pltdakut! 0r'6-, oruo- - burXr to dlg out

Hungarlan: ndna - dltchl

cf. Flnnlcht ' Lovl' ' clcft, notch, fLaaurc, crcvLcc

cf. Busai.an: rovn/tLzJ - 8tra18ht, flstHungarlan: rJnc'flato opcn cormtry

Sulyuqn: ort'u ' atralght, flet, ctc.

Phonetics: or./u) orf - )xeoo-) t*rot-

Hungarlan: *rona "..

r44 d-a-tl ' comPlaln

Lra-du 5?9, 369 - conPlalnt horl

er.-du 5?9r 388t ' lamentat'lon, crtlnS

o"l{r, orolo6l - b*"1, kecP Ycllln8

"6t3r - eryr barl"

rlvul, r(, rlogat, rlggat, r{kat - ileept cr!/t

frLghtcnl nakc (sY) crtrou-tl - barlrlo-t!'urS.orkl,re- i lcrcam, bawl"..

rtko - rlverurlr-!- - to flol, stroan

urJt- - PoUr

urusil81 - Current

0riis - blg rLver

6rfis: . u.t.fira[ - ltttlc rlver, etc'

01d Slavlc:Sumerlan:

Flnnlsh:Old Turklsh:MongolLanl

01d Slavic:PolishlCzech:

Old Turklsh:Turklsh:Hungarlani

Mongollan:

Koreani

Chuwash:

Srunerl-an:

KazanL Tatar:Baskirlan!Jakut:cf. Russian:

The rrSlavlcl word

01d Slavic:Sumerian:

cf. Akkadlan:

Finnish:Llt. Mongolian:

Klrgiz I

Old S}avlcrFlnnlsh:

ef.af

Sunerlan:

Fhonctlcgl

secordary.

01d Slavlq

Scrbo-Croatlan:analyzod:

the rootlSunerlanl

OId Slaylcl?ha Verbal form:Ol.d Turklshl

cf.

Turklahr

-106- erdkc-Eotoc

The Inltlal and Flnal L-sound of the word_root.

rct-t-tr - rr'lentd- - fly (naral)lento . f,lylngll.ntu - btrd /rfltcr...,/?td 84144 . rlae clinb

z) l, whlch rncans thet thc Okt Slanlc l-aound, ln nost cescr, l!

l}odlf€. pcopl"c (eoltectlvc)pronounced: fJgdiJc

cf. dlelect:Old Slavlc:

OLd Slavic:Surnerlan:

Llt. Mongollanl

Turklshl

OId Slavic:

cf.analyzed:

Old Turklsh:Turklsh:Phonetl.cs: Old Turklsh

01d Slavic:

Turklsh:

cf.Hungarlan:

SunerLan:

01d Sfavlc:analyaed:j'tlddlc Turkish:Ulghur:

Eastern Turklsh:Xazanl;Tatar:Kazak:

,1O?-

sl-tb 147,33b = u.s.l$p.f, = fit, sulbableI$pota = prosperltyllob-t- = Love ... ctc.

Iedll = i""sedl-sld 103b, I = co1d, frost,Jud, Jutu = very co1d, wlnterJut = u.s.

chval*l-tt = praiseehvala * pralrechval-akUfA - praisekiir! s u.s.k ) Old Slevic chv ...

kIBt6la = 6u11

kttt{o - u.s.ktltt = Lock

k111t-1e = to lock, lock lnkalltka = blrd-eagekul 72,8 = hold fast, close

rnXka = torture, tormentmfi-ka/-ka - sufftx,/nu? E trouble, need

mup - need, griefmu? = trouble, sorrow, grlcfm6? E SOrrow, painmu2-al = to suffer, etc.

csdke-Bo bor

wlnter

Notc! The Sunsr.lan wonl rent lnto aany nlndo_Europcann lanquaBa;, eltolnto Gcrman: Lcutc - people, eko a collretlr. woftl. pron thts, tt trobvl.ous that the Indo-European llngulctr dld not undcrtaka ,. obJcctlrcLlngulstlc rcsearch.

fJudL - u.r.rJu-dtlJu-Iu, 3)or2 - llan

lpbG - dearttob-l-tt - to Wc9ir - u.rosEret - dearsiiwlg - 1sj6gev- - lovc, etc"

I belleve there is no need of speclal cxplanatlonl

The Inltlal and FLnal n-sound of the root,

lilotec Thc rtOld Slavlcn l-sound, tn thti caac, ls not of lrrdo_EuropeanorLgLn crther, but accondary and

't 's formcd from the Turklsh E-''urd.Lct us note:

sumcrl.an: trer 756u ,16/l - good, bcautlful, pure, frlcndly,favourablc, sncet, adrantageouo,rleJ.l_bclng, beauty, goodncso...

slgS ,r5X]r7 - u"s"

-106-

neE4 - srord

ne8c '6hort S$ord

ttlCgt r trrrnlo . llvc

nf,ttt- nan' :

nafifl - u.r.ma# - u.s.rnef, mcf, E rrr9r

lrr1I 296" ' nan

nuE, rnu-u$ - u.d.

*!tr,$ - porcr

mah !?r3 ' powerful

lm-a-tl - tak6r takc atrey

uint<e- - plck, precs ln the hand

abu- - tekcauuJa - taklngavu! ' handful

1165, lvfi - u.a.ui8 - u.s"uae-tl - to tekcvzla- - u.gr

t4ma'- derkncrc

tuntla - derlr

tan - Yart dark, cter

csdkc-Botor -109-

The n-sound

nlr.. nL = neither ... nor

nc ....nc = u.3.nu. .. r nu = u.s., etc.

ondde = thereanda - u.s.

onfidou = fron thereandYn - u.s.OrthaD = UrSr

The Initial and Flnal v-gound of the root. .;

vrt?ch6 = oldv-et65-a-tl = to grou old

6,d - tlneidd = u.s.1d6g - olded, ud = time

tddsddlk = he ls growlng old

csdkc-uotoc

914-!!SeLlt. l.ongollanr

l(elmuckl

Kolbalt

9l4--lleglgcYogulr ,

Old Turkloh:Flnnlsh dlaleetsSumcrLen!

cf.

9tc-!s:Suncrlanl

9l{!4!e.:Llt. llongollan:

Llt. l{ongol-tan:

cf'Osmant

Chur.e6hr

Scrbo-Croat,lan r

Sloveh!

Old SlavlclFLnrir.ehr

Churr?sh!

01d Slqvlc:Turklsh:Sumorl"an!

.919-$ac&:01d Turklsh:

Old $lavlc:01d Turklsh:

HungarJ-anl

Old 9lavic:cf.

OId Turklsh:Hungarlan:

cf.Sunerlan:

cf. llungarian:

9fg-!1s1s:cf.

analyzed:

0sman:

Kazani-Tatar:

Jakut !

Old Turklsh:

Middle Turklsh:Surneriah:

Phonetlcs: The lnltial-v ls a lrrothesl-s.

vautf(yet-t JG/ = visvelik% = u.s.v-c1l-k16ulu = to make blgcfe = to becomt biB

ul"u - u.s.ulu = bJ.g, bt8Ber

ulu - blgr elevatedt.uI, 154*r lO = t^ be hlqh

i)honetl-cs: The initlal v-sound is a prothesls and the -k is a sr.rffl.x.

*xlo- csEka-botoc

v,66h-nf,i-ti - lcarn, gct uscd touk- - to undirstand, comprehcrd

Old Slavic:ancl"ent forn:Mongollan:

Ancl"enL llongollan:filddlc l,longollan:

}{anchurlan:

Ewenkl:

Hungarian:

Votyak:

OId Slavic:Flnnlsh:LappRr

cf.

Old SlavlclMongollan:

Tungusian:

Phonetlcs: ff:u\ve / 6,

Old Slavlc:analyzed:

Sumerian:

cf. Hungarian:

-111-

vr'4-tB-tt = to turnur4-tlB-: therefore u) vor-El- - to turn

+rporti-

horfl- = u.s.for.o - to turnhorol - to turnforog, fordul - to revolve, turnporJ&l = revolve, spln

Cscike-Botor

|tlddlc Turktshl uk- - u.rollongoll,anl uka- * undcrltard, comprehcrrd

Old Turklsht uk- - u.r.f'honetlce: The Lnltlal. v-sound ls a urothcsls..,

Old ilavtcr v$lso-kti9. telIFlnnl3hs i.so - blgPhonctLcsg Thc lnltlal v-sound la e Drothesls.

Old Slavlc:Ulghurr

01d Slgv1c.r

snaltzedtanclent fonnl!;tddlc Turklsh:Old turkl.sh;l(azanl-Tatar:OsnanB

Churaeh:

llongol-ian;

Flnnlrh:

Old SlavlcrancLcnt form!

SuncrLang

vlbktlo - ,o!.fv]..,t -kG ! -kt . suf flx

*ul4-kGulI- - shout

ulY- - noan

ula- - thbutttlu- - U.!ntLu- . u.c.ull-. u.g.ulvo- - uog.

"ra{4 - doctor*XraEt

uraU 535, t /? - to uee, Look, cxam!.nc, havc e rlslon,here a sccrct,

In l{ongollan and ln OId S1avlc the nore ancl-ent lnltlal p-sound dlsappcarad...

Old Slavlc: vls-t-tt = to hang

01d turklsh: as- = to hang up

Turklsh: es- - u.s.Ulghur: as- - to hang up, hang on

Chuwash: s6-, !ln- - to hang

l4ongolLan: asa- - ral-se oneself up

Phonctl-csl The lnltlal v*sound Ls a prothesls ...

The Old Slevtc wordr t["(krb- roJ.f, actualLy means onc rho shoutca Ln

Garnen: Heulcr. onc rho honlg. Phoncttcs! p)v, tn thLs casc, an

Lntcgral part of, the eound"

t'Br.f - age, llfetlmelka * egc, llfe, llfetlne, sta61e of tifeake = u.s.

Jakc - u.s

dr6 va - two

dad a - folfor

..:'u" = """'

ov$ca = shecp

ov- {caua, ura, u, I+91+16

Juha-k = sheep

i'honctlcs: u)"e 5\I "..^, /

-cIIz-

Thc J-sound conneetlona.

tonrg, _ lroung

Jgng

lni ! youngor brothenlnl - ooso

lnl r u.so

ent - u.!olnl - eub

ccdkc-Botos _u3-

It ls atrange that llngulstlc rcscarch is silent about

csSkc-Botoa

Lhese connectlont.

cf. Old Turklsh: cnllk - botr youthnlddLe Turklehr enlk - d"a.Phonetlcs: ths lnlt,lal J-sound t.c a protheeLa r..

Old Slavlcr laatL - cetThls rarbar forn La Lrrcgular. Thc rnoot 6ocs back to tro dlffcrent

nore anclent orlgins, one of *hLch has thc LnitteL J-aound ec a prothcsls,ln thc otherl horcvor, the J-sound lc an i.ntegral. part of the gound. Thcanclent sourcg la thc s./S - sound.

Old Slavlc:pronounced:

Old Turklsh:UlghurlChagatal:

fiazanl.-Tatar

Jakut:

1.01d Slavlc:analyzedr

pronounccdS

anclcnt forntthe rootr

Old Turklcht

cf.Ulghurr

Chagatal:

fiLddlc Turklsh:Tobol^l

Kalmuck!

Tatara

Old SlavlcrHungarlanr

2. Old Slaylc:

analyzed:

the root:pronounced:

Osnan:

Old Turkish:Ulddle Turklsh:Chuwesh:

Fi,nnlsh:

Hung&rlant

Sumcrian:

pd'fo - nourlshrnent

FadonlFc - catlng

ry44,l-a- : l-nherent J-sound

Ja

J5- * to oat

Xl- 'u.s.yc- = u.3.Xl- - u.s.sy6- - u.s.cszl} * u.s.tc 367, 58d - to eat, dinete -ba 167, 3t ...

lad6 = food

Fad-4 : j- protheslsed-1e = to eatr dlne

|ama - pitJana : J- protheslsanan - openLng, hole, val1eyarna tIt ! u.e.*, = plt

vo'F4vetl = to wag€ war

vo F4-va-tivoJe-

baJl-Idu- = strugglc, fightbaJl-ri - battlefleld

Fastl" r 6at

t'86-t1

J6stt*arLtl r J-prothcslcag-ef - foodr nourlsht.nL i aIa - cst, fc.das-Ilq 'kltehena5 - notlshaent, foodaY-Ia- - .et, drlnkaY-lak - food

a$lau - trough, nangcraIlfi-efl6ttrou8hafLau - trough

hasll.-crlbrmangcrJ6sz6l - nanger

and asztil - table

cf.

3. A thlrd posslbllity Is givcn:Old Slavic:the root ls:

Llt. Mongollan:

01d Slavlc:pronounccd !

Mongoltan:

Jakut:Turklsh:

Nor'r let us sec the folLowing:

Old Slavic!analyzed;

pronounced:

Mongollan:

Phonetlcs: The lnltial b)" ..,cf. with these connectlons:

-n-rt-

vcs-tl. 1- Lcad /vcrbrl noun,/

vcd-c-t? - u"s. /suplnc/vcda- - lagdwlla- . lcad, pullp$ - tcadvczct, vczfr - leadr laadcrudurl r 0o b6 a Leader

uz- - to bc lcd, to lcadudu-z- - to LGad

ttdu-t- - Ur!.ud- r follorui 2t1, 29'l"o Lead, follon, pull

vo lcYode - atuJr lcadcrvoJrvoda

veJevode, voJvoda, ete"vo i0;-t-od-a

Ccttec-Botos

Old Slavle:

l4ordvlnlanlFlnrdsh dtalcct!Cherenlssg

Hungallsn;

MongollAnl

Kolbal:

Old turklsh:Ulghurr

cf.Sunerlan:

pronouncedl

llungarlentanalyzed:

PhonctLcsc Thc lnltlel v- Ls a prothccLa or. lfter thls, lct us aec lhcao ofton nrentloncdrold slavlc"rordt

Let us notl.ce:

OId Slavlc:RugsLan:

Czech:

OId ?urklsh:Turklshl

Old Slavic:cf.

Czech:

ltlddle Turklsh:

cf'Eestern Turklsh:

|IongoIl"an:

9}g_sregrq:cf. Greek:

Latin:LatYlan!

Church Slavic:llungarlan:

Mongollan:

lurklsh:This word

elther.

01d Slavlc:

O1d Indi.an:

Llthuanlan:

-u5- cs6ke -Botoa

1g{1,1n€ - needle- (adJ.)

1916 ' needle

Jchla - u.s.

Jigni * u.s.tfne - rr.e. etc.

agoda - berry

l-a.goda = u.s.

Jahoda - u.s.lgdi - rote Brustbeere

Jlgdi - u.s.JlCdc = snall berry

Ieedc - shrub etc.

Thc 01d Slavlc Paletallzatlon.-vR>c

Ees-a-ti = conb, dctach

YtiLoV - ftax scrape

cdrr6 -Icardwoolkasft,t - scratch

kosa _ ptgtatlk5c - tow

qaru- * scrape, scratchqaz- r seraPe, plane

cannot bc sald to bc strictly of Indo-European orlgln

na-Er6ta-tl = to wrlte

dt"6ta * sign, strokokrntatl - he cuts

kerti.r = I cut with the axe

Hungartan/{ongollan: +- baJf- |

ProLhcsls$- to flght/ vcrbal rooi/

verbal rootvGtbal adJectlveNotcr Thla rord, aceordlng to thc abovc ptoofr, ls not ofisravlc'orlglnbut belongs to the agglutLnsilvr languagea ln lta sntlrciy and ln ltccLdnant!, repprdlese of hov rnueh tbc Indo-Suropcan ll-ngulst,s obJccttNotcl Thc d) J progrcsston 1c al.so:

d)nLlterary llongollanl dotura - lnr insldc, on the lntcrlor

Old Slavlc:pronounecdi

lllddl.c Turklshlcf," 91d Slarlcc

hQtro - lLvcrJgtroJotra - ln thc mlddlc, lnsldev€ -nlll t;r4 - ln, I I t

-11f-

tter6t - cutr cut ln, carve

kirt- - u.t.klrJa - book

lar 40119 - cerve, drar

ccdkc-Botoe

llotst Thcrr ls no necd of palataLlzatJ-on, xhosc charactcrlotlco can bo

traeed ln the agglutlnatlvc Langragea aho, but thc follortng cound changtls tnorc probablc:

") I

_117_

po-Ei-tl - rest, sleep

ktt 536rL-/t+O = rest, sleep

5c. 103b. ,+/fo - rest4'qui6a = restcsend = quJ,et, rest, etc.

Etu-tt * to count

c s6kc-Botor

ldongollant

Turklsh:FlnnlshtSrlrnerlan:

Sunerlant

Chuvashr

t{on6ollan:

Y,anchurleng

cf.Hungarlanl

cf.cf.

cf" Chuwashe

Turklahr

Old 9lavtcrSdnsirltlOld Prugslanr

Ll.thuanlan:

In ell bhc Turkteh dlalectsr

l4ongollanl

Russlant

Phonetics:

01d Slavlc:SunerLan:

LatlntHungarlan:

01d Slavlc:

sa{-{1r1 Lr2,$ - to rrltc{tr- r roer

ffru-fan - LI-nGr seratch

Jur-f, an - lr.ncnlru- - drar{r- - ,rotcslron-rygrarerlcryccruza r pcncll6fru6r - rrr.teryaz-- rrJ.tc, ctc"

lr6nrb - blacktf?dtt - uolrklronan - u.go

kfrfar - black and rhltc

cf. Ett-"-tg,Surncrian: Sftr 314, lrr = to count

51d 311+, t5 = to count, recount

kld 3ll+t 1'l = countr recl.tatlonLet the Slavicists show thelr counter-obJectlons...

Ilovttna - ..rtfolov6k - u.s.ka]cva - etrong, powerful ggg*kaletia - roarkalag-ga 322, 19/ 73c = atrong, powerful

kar/a&/ 322,31, n.2, 1J - s6n

Notct In the 01d Slavlc language, thc suffl-x: -kr72 ls a noun-sufflx.Phonetlc and morphologieal derlvatlon:Surnerlan:

Anclent finnlsh:FLnnlsh:

palatallzatlon:Russlsn:rrOld Slavlcrr:

ef.cf.

01d Slavlc:cf. Russlan:

flnnlsh:AncLent flnntsh:Sunerian!

cf.Phonetlca: k) U and r) { " nrc parallcl proBrrls ln roni dLaltelsls en acccptablc posslbLltty. Thc rndo-Europtan orlEln lo noi conrlnclng.

kalag-axkale{ a

kaleva

falevatelov6kErovtto ... etc.kara(kar- - black

cf. )(ara r rrloqar8 r tlrdo

[iirng{,J ' blaekMongoJ-lan-turkkhr kar-) Russtan: Edr-

In this group belong the other Slavic t*ords and the well-known

Greek words: kaluger, kaludJer, ctc. - monachus , whieh goes back through

the Finnlsh language to the Sunerlan languaqe. The Flnrish word alsomeans: wonder-worker, uragiclan, etc.

Thc wrlter of Lhis book beLleyas that lnternatl.onal hlstorlantand llngulsts somowhers left the noad xhlch leadr to the tnrth...

-11rL ccSkc-Botor

cfina - pr|ec, rcnard

Ectte- - to ralue, taxtsenl r rrrso

CBsar& - klng, cnpcror

cr(asdr - u.c. r -6r - nomcn aeiorl-g

"6szfrJasa-f, - the relgnlng prl.ncc, the htghcrt Judgc

Jaaa-q - prohlbltlon

Jasa - lau

Jasa- - dcclder choosc

faaa-J r ruLcr dlrect, cte.

"tf.t- rholc, hcelthy

"tf-t-tf r to hcalr r"ecovor

tll", ll?r 1? - nholcr Lntacti hcalthr,ILrL26r d - to bo healthy, th thrlvckal, J)2, L6 - u.s.halls - wholc, entlre, healthy

_1r9_ csSkc_Botor

The lnltlal and Flnal 5-sound of the root.

(6p-4-ta-tt - whlsper

slb-gt = whlsper

cf. slb-lr - nhlspcr(tng) (noun)

slp-Ef = whlsper

slu{r = urar

Er-tr - to scw

(Ite 2)3,t5 - lrL2r2 - to tle up, blnd up, tlcsl,toa = etltch togcthor, put togethers{dc- 'to fasten, scw on

$da - - sew

Erai - rr!.sfJfn - thread, string

tlr-ota - wldthrar-ba-Jl - to spread oub, spread

sar- ba;1un = spread out (paet)

Sunerlant

cf.OLd Slavlc:Old Prusslan:

SanakrlttUlghur:

Kazakl

Jekut!

Old SlavlcrLit. Mongollan:

l(almuchl

Old Slavlc:Hungerl.an:

cf. dLalact:llongollanlTurklsh:

cf"Ul6hur:Jakut:

Old Slavlclcf.

Srnarlanl

cf.cf.

cf. 0othlc:

8);

gan* Il1Jrl - bearlng, Pregnant

6lnr 55812' tlavc, neldfena - *ornan

gennof- u.6. Amporatlvc nood/

Jldh . roran

l[?6 . oldcr alstcr-ln-larieV gi; - rife of tho oldcr brothcrsa? as - $lfc of the fethcrra rcLatl,vc

The lnltlal and flnal c-souhd of, the root

Old Slavlc:tlt. Mongollan:

Jakut:fiirghlz:

01d SLavlc:

Sumerl.an:

Flnnlsh:Llt. Mongollan:

Kalmuck:

Teleut:0stDent

O1d SlavlctLlt. Mongollan:

l'lanchurian:

Thcse connect,long ln p&ronctlc history prove that the languasc whlch

ls callcd rtold Slavlc[ Ls not of fndo-Europcan orlgin.,.

-I20- csdkc-Botos

01d Slavlc:LLt. Mongollanl

old lilavlc!.l'{ongollan:

01d Slavic:liongollan:Iakutt

OId Slavlc:Osnan!

OId Slsyls.

01d Slavic:Tunguslan:

cf.r'.ongolLanl

Chagatal:

Kaza.k:

Phonetlcg and morphologr:Tungusl.an:

01d Slavlc:osnan!

Ulghur:

Chuwash:

-121-

ctna = price, wages

Eonc- = to value, tax

"tdS = r know

ruedc- - to know, decldc

rt-U - rlver, widc rivcruru-s - to flow, strean6riie = r,rldc rlver etc.

pt-tf - to slng6-t- = slng : the p-sound <lroppedpot-g - I slng I I = a ftI]er

sntgts - snor,r

sl? l-ksq = frostsl7l-lgen = anovt

sci r; - s piece of lce3a? = thin lccse1 = piece of lce

EriBgt ( xstng{a

si71_

prt-lBp-t-ti = to stlckyapI$ = to sttckyapiur - to adhere, stJ,ck3ie-69 g u,..

csJkc-Botog

Thc Vowcls

A few lrords about thc dlphthongs. The hypothetlcal Indo_Europ€an _"1bocarne -r-- ln .rd slavic. we do not nced the phonetrc hlstory or tnri

aprogresslon because the "old slav.c' -r"- sound is rdcntlcal tothe oquivarenisound in the agglutlnatlvo languages.

Sumerlan:

dl.alcct:01d iilavlc.

cf.Lit. l".longo1l-an:

Altalc Turklsh:Chagatei:Sulyuan:

OId Slavicl

Srunerlan:

01d Slavlc:

Ll.t. Mongollan:

Hungar!.an:

01d Sl-avlc:cf. Mongollan:

01d Slavlc:Sunerlan!

lel l42r2ho = eyc, to soeideg llp1 66c o fLguro, appcaranccvldt= u.s.vrdB-tl = to see ...blEl - to rrltepf6tt = wrltlng, bookpiEf-6tn - rrtterplfi- - to nriteplY -,lA = f nrlte, etc.

e, J9l, 2fi,a - to go

1-rt

elcge-de- * rtchly, overflowel6g - 6nouU5

llch% = overflordngellJede - richly, overflow

Taranchan: Fret _ na4y, very manyThc inltial a-sound dlsappeared from the 01d Slav.la wsrd.

Supposedly the Inrlo_Europcan al_ anrt _ol_ became B/E tn 01d Slavlc.Thls is not necessarlly so becauee:

cB1% * wholer healthysll E u.s.

The

O1d Slaylq.

^P

Old Turkish:Uighur:

ou-sound ls also e resuLt of the clonqatlon of tho vowcl...pouat% = deserted, emplvpous-t?,

buz- = destroy, annlhllatebuz- - u.s.

/cI. the exarnples shown on p. 116/

-L22-

bcz- - spollpf s- s u.s.pus- - u,s.pad l+69,6 - to destroy

cs6ke-Botog

oucho = carucho = ursro5r - earrt

iiro- - to hear

"uY zrl, ?o o to hcarr percelve, 6tc.

ot di-tt ' to teach

ull-tt - u.".uqlt- = to teach, Bhare, Gtc.

611- * preflxa1- = u.s.eI- - u.r.

ob-ou-ti - to dress

ou-

8r-t ...

oum?a- underEtandlng

cl"nc = understandlng, splrlt, eensc

alma)6ma ... - spplc

slouga - servantsluga s rre.szolga - u.s.sculga = u.a.szuluSe:-ga=sufflxsulu 12, 129 * ptqittu = lnspection, oupport, conunlsslon,

authorlty, admlnistratlon, place, etc.

Note: The anclcnt form of thls ilord-fenlly lE thc SumerLan word whlch

ncans nopen handl the flve fingers end the palm. Therc are no Indo-!]uropsan

characterlstlcs Ln lt ...

:L23- Cs6ko-Eotog

Kazanl-Tatar:

Chuwash:

cf.SunerLan!

OId Slavlc:Sorbo-Croatlan:

plural:01d Turklsh:Sunerlan:

01d SlavLc:

Serbo-Croatlanl

01d Turki.sh:

01d Slavic:Sunsriani

Hungarlan:

01d Sl-avic:

the root:Hungarl-an:

Old Slavlc:Hungarlan:

cf. Hungarlan:

llnally, Otd 6lavic:

Serbo-Croatlan:

Hungarian:

old form:

old form:Suruerian:

In the dlphthong -ou-, the u-eound has an l-sound as an anteccdcnt:

Old Slavic:Sumcrian:

cf.OsrBn:

cf.Sert:

Hungorlan :

Old Slavlc:llongolLan:

Finnlsh dLalect:

Suncrlan:

^c

HungarJ-an:

OId Slavlcl

Old Slavlc:Ancient Sl-avlc:

Llthuanian:Al-banlan:

Gothlc :

Sunerlan:

Thc origln of the nasal sounds

Pd\t6 - flvebad 69151+ - to open, opcn

Uu-bad 354rlll+ - open hand

p5rnXd - thc flve flngers; paw

pandXuk = hand

pandE * fLvcmenc9 = Pew ...

sllb%- toothSobu-f,ar = polnt, polnted

haarbaz * tooth ... etc.

bad 69126 - Gold Sllverpad2 = u.a.p'ez - rnoncy

p6nz r llrsrp5ncz r roarptnn54 = sllver coln, etc.

l4ctathesis

grad6- cltyxgord?

gardas = fenccgarth = fence

garda = (sheep) pen, (cattle) pound

gar 597t7 ' enelose, surround, enclogure

kar j26x, I = darn, wal1, ralllngcf.

-124a-

earid - fcnce, flll, dtke, ditchgarsin - sheep enclosure

karsLna - fencc, encJ-ogure

qorlJa - fenced In yard

Qora = cattls pen

f orxo = u.t. et,c.

bfBg$ - bank, slopcxberg% /tcchnlcal term/bafQ uah - mountalnr helghtbrhant - hlghbreg - h1llbar 74t 215 - hlghr to bc ralsed...

Thls word ls of Sunerian orlgln...

nttko - nllkinclko * /technlcal term/nolokd = dlk

cgdkc-Botoa -r25- cs6kc-Boboo

glagol% - word

glagol-r-ti = say, apeak

6ologol-1-t?- chet

Salegyol, galatyol - talk rlthout substanco

cf. kalatyol, kcletyolkala- = spcak

kclc- - to oay, speak

liri'niEr - lnterprctcrkcllne - word

klclt - tongu.c, Ianguage

85 l5r5 - spcak,word

ka 1Jr2 - nouth

qtlu - volcc, callqCIu * to call, scrcam

ge1-84 27813 = order, runourg6los - aound

/alas - u.s.cf. wLth thesc conncctlons:

Note: The Sumerlan-llunga,rlan word forrn - gardd - ls thc arrclont sourcc ofth.'lslavlc"language word foruatlon - gordd, grad, ctc.

The Hungarlan -garad) Old Slavle: gradlb... In this casc, thcre

vae no necosslty for transposltlon. Thc vowel ln the first sy11abl6

sinrply dlsappeared ...

Hungarlan!

LappN:

Flnnlsh:Llt. Ilongollan:Klrglz:lr'ranchurl-an:

Old $lavlc:Anelent Slavlc:Avesta:

S€tnskrltt

Serbo-Croatlan:

Sunerlan:

01d Slavlc:Anclent Slavl-c:

cf. Russl-an:

Old Slevlc:cf.

cf. Rucsian:

Hungarlen dlalcct:

Chuwssh:

L1t. Mongollan:

ulghurtTurklsh:Flnnlsh:Sunerl"ant

cf.cf. Akkedian:

SuncrLan:

cf. Russian:

Oect:

SunerLan:

cf.Rur6ient

01d Slavic:Ancl"ent SLavic:Sansltrit:Llt. Mongollan:

llungarlan:

bur. 71r lld = erl"bur ravcn

buru, - u.s.4

voron r u. !t .

Whltc-Russlan: nalakd = urerSuuerl,an:

12ar"3l9,9 - rleh nllk

dlelecL: 'tmar - u.s.Llngul-sta crnphaslzc the Indo-Europcan orig{n of thls word but the

truth says dlfferentlyt

Rulel Thc languagc rhlch ls called tt0ld Slavlctt ls nelther Slavlc norIndo-European but belongs ln the fan11y of agglutlnatl-ve languages nhlch,Ln phonetic hlstory, becanc a dcterlorated language form.

gledZ - hunger* gold% /technlcal- tern/gddl-.tt = greed

furi-fu - hungry, starvedgornJradozlk- droop

-L26- Cs6kc-Botoe

vtaO-t-ti * nltevalditi 'ur3rbala p, 16 * govcrnmcnt, perlod of nd_c, yaer of rlle,

regentb) v I a progrossl-on which can be shown 1n tho Indo-Europcan

Ianguages is a borror,d.ng fron thc Sumcrlan...

-I27-

30r - llncser-cg - reglmont

cstkc-Botoa

OId Slavlc:Llthuanian:Srurerlant

Phonetl"cs:

Old Slavlctcf. Russian:

cf. SansbrltBasklrian:Cherenlss:

Ruaslan:

Old Turklsh:I'longollan:

Chagatal:

Manchurlan:

Turkish:In Old S1avlc,

SurncrLan:

cf.01d Turkish:Llt. llongollan:Osnan:

tlt. ltongollan:Osrtren:

Hungarl-an:

Morphology: Sunerian:

Baskirlan:Turkl-sh:

6r&a - or{cr, ror, hcrddercda r Euccesslon, Ecqucnce

"("aUf, - herd

slrat * row

f,crct - llncEcrcd = u.s.6crgE = row, ouccesslon

J."gc = IinedX8rgi = u.a.dEergc 'urersfre - Iinc, etc.

the lxo words bccenc onr:tar 396, Lg - bc numcrouEr @r\y, plcnty, croudYcr L52, 23b * pilc; troop, band

siiriig - hcrdsrirrig - hcrd of cattlesiirii s rrsrUerlg - army, troop[drl - u.g.

I. sor - 11nc

2. sercg = reglmcnt

l. csorda, cscrda etc. - hcrdY.rIcrslr-at : Olrot : JdrJi = u.s.sfr-a : Flnnish : JirJe = rangc, order

Thc entire word-farul}y belongs to the agglutlnatlve languagoo.The Germant Schar - troop, regJ.ment, is derLvcd from the Suncrian wordtVar, whether they llke lt or notl

Hungarlan:

Altelc I

Hungarlent

RussLan:

Old Slavlc:

01d $lavlc:rf

Llt. ltongollan:

Suncrlanl

cf.cf.cf

Old Slavlc;ancLent forn:

Cf. Old Slavic:ancient forn:

OLd Slavlc:Sumerlan:

OId Slavlc:Llt. Mongollan:

Kalmuck:

but:

sur_and [or

cscr-da, csor-da, etc. - hcrdEer-ed, Uerc-da

6"taa

-frt- tr. = devour, suallow

-{,Ar-n = I cilallow

Jal.ara- - svallow, devour

ur,271, J8

gud-ur3-ra = plough-stccruru4 5615 - cultlvate, planturur, 2551 28 = to harrow the fleLdral"o - plough+ordlo ...ratai - ploughman

xorlaJ6.i.

ra-s-tL = grod

rur-44lr3 - u.s.

1% g-a-ti = llealt' u-r = fraudr deeeitfulal{i-r - u.s.

Kalnuck: a61-g1- - u.s.osman: Jal.*rar : sna.llow

f,lrglz: Ja}-na- u.s. ... otc.Phonrtlcar the final r I ...

128J

Thc a- and o-sounds 1n Old S1av1c

Csoko-Botos _r29_

ves-lo - oarves- ! v-protheslsas- ! row

a9 - u.6.s, , ,..as-KaK ' oar, etc.

cs'dke-Botos

ves -tl = leadvcd-c-t'6 - u.s /suplne/vcda- - u.s.vcDa - u.s.uJ 2Ure9 = gulde, 1ead, follow, pulluz- - lead

uduz - lcad etc.

Thc Old Slavlc t,/drl-sound

t'B.a - belief, rcllglon6rim - hopc, expectaLlon, superstltion, lmaglnationirfun = u.o.erLm - hopc

r3'gr 2lJc 2/J ' speak, tark, say

rek-fi = f say

rf,dG - speech

{tta 6z13 * ltght, pure, clearevlt-a-tl - to becone 1lghtsv4rt-t-tl = to J-lghten, etc.

ctna _ prlcoEeno- - va1ue, tax

popil - pricetpap 6O12 - hlgh prlcst, prlestpap - pricst

morlc - aca

n<iren - widc rlvernur - wetcr

mar 597r38r 267b * floodme 5'19,L9 - watcr

In this cese once agaLn we eannot epeak of strlctly Indo-Europcanorlgln...

919 9ravrc.:Sumerian:

Hungarl-an:

01d Slavlc:Llt. Mongollan:

Korean:

Sumerian:

cf.

Old Slavic:Sumerian:

OId Slavlc:analyzed:

Sumcrian:

conbl-ned:

01d Slavlc:cf. 01d Slavic:analyzcd:

Equivalent Sumerlan conblnatlons:

HungarJ-an:

cf. Sunerl"an:

conbLned:

Old Slavlc:cf. Sunerlan:

combl,ned:

Old Slavic:

oko * eyc

u86 449, 145d - u6 449, 1.h, = lgl. l&9r7 - rac, look, cy. ...

novG a ncvt

no-v-'lbnu lJr6 - denlalr no

,16 hl+9 1195 - see, look'rnu-u

no-r-fta not seen - new

nev6 sta = fianceens-v{5a-t"a = not knorm ,..

Old Slavlc:the root:

Oe[an:

Chsgetal:

Eastern Turkleh:

Old Slavlc:af

ldordvLnlan:

Flnnlsh dlalcct:SumcrLen:

Kolbal:OId Turklsh:

OId Slavic:Osnan:

Chagatal:

Llt. Mongollan:

01d Slavlc:cf.cf.

Sumerlan:

Old Sl,avic:

Old Slavlc:Lit. I'iongollan:

nu-ga 7r,56 - weak

nya-va-Lya = weakness ...nu f!r5 = denialr no

gu2 106, 762/1 - to dress oncself; clothlng*nu-gu - undressed

n4846 g nakcd

me Ji2, 39/$ * volce, speech, to speak*nu-mc - does not speak, dumb

nenrf, - durnb ...

-13Q:

Thc Old Slavl-c l-sound

Old Slavic: N. Sg. F. sl - thls (dtese)

demonstrative pronoun: s4Flnnlsh: slcllii - there

OId $lavic:01d Twklsh:Turklsh:

OId Sl"avlclMongollan:

Tungusian:

01d Slavlc:Llt. liongollan:Kalnruck:

01d SlsvlclCherenlss:

Zyrian:liordvinian:Sumerian:

cs6kc-Botor

lska-tl = Iook fortstii- - to look for, rlshlste- - u.s.

The 01d Slavlc R6-soundblo'lt-|'l * bc, cxlstbti- ! u.s.bl- - u.s. ...

ab$t4o - satisfiedr fullEaa- - bccone satlsfled, aatlsfy o.s.tsat- - u.s.

nrbb-lt - to wash

mSEt<- - u.a. /-5t- = repetetivo gufflx,/

{r$k- - u.s.rnuFkf- - u.s.ne, 579,1+5 - to dampen, rLnse

The 01d S1avlc % -sound

d{6no - ground, floordun^ 595.8/27 = deen

J'

kv|vb = blood

kunrn^ 3O9,h = u.s.

-131-

Thc Old SLavlc 4-sound

Old Slqvlc: Er6tcn4o = redSurncrlan: kur-un 6f, Ur/zu+/]'ll:a - redPhonetlcs: k) E palatallzatlon ...

risSkc-Botot

Old Slavlc:anclent f,orm:

01d Turkish:

cf'Turklsh:Chuwash:

priovB = flrst+pgvvbblr - oner flrstplr = u.s.blr - u.s.pDrrparar!u.3.

The 01d SLavlc f-sound

Old Slavlc:Sumerlan:

Old Slavlc:Sumcrian:

The 01d Sl_avlc and evon the SIav languages have no lnltlalor flnal f-sound. Thls ls tmc, ln moot cascs, of the aggrutinatlve Jan6uapo;,cxccpt for Hungarlan. For exanplc, ln Sl"6ys1, only onc orlgj.nal wortl-fonnhas en lnitlal f-sound: f6<a - f(Jl (Hung.) ' bl.ow! Thts ts an

ononntopoelc word, borrowcd fron thc Finno-Ugrlc languages ,...Tha Slavlc languagcs, ln thet casc, ere also closely related to the

Hongol-Tungueian languagee.

In closlng I quote Dr. Tlbor narftn: A Magyar l:dpek 6st6rtdnete I. pr,:l

rrIhe exlstencc of a language and the famlly group to whlch ilbelongs l-s deterrined by its gramnar, phonetlcs and its vocaburary.'l

r berleve that r have l-n every rcspeet fulflrled the above mentlorrc<lmle. There ls no nOld Slaylctr languagc. The lrnguaqc whleh ls calledtrOld Slavlcr! la a regular agglutlnative language whose phoneblcs, ln Lhe

coulse of phonetlc hl-story, have deteriorated.rt ls rny convlctlon that the above-monil.oned proofs are irrefutablc...

Csoko-Botor

llPltmuE

The wrltor of thi-s book hae presentcd to the reader thc structuralconnectl-ons and the phonetLc hlstory of the language whlch ls callcdOId S1avlc.

Wc can Btete the followl-ng rules:1. The language which ls called O1d Slavlc ls an agglutlnative languageln lts structure.2. The language whlch ls calrad old slavic has word forratlons slrnlfar tothose of the agglutlnatlve languages, wlth ldcntlcal elenents.3. The 01d slavLc noun formatlon, together vlth its elements, ls Ldentlcalto the equlvalent ln the agglutlnative languages.

4. Tho old slavlc noun sufflxos and thelr elements arc not of rndo-EuropeanorlgLn but are identical to the cquLvalent formg ln the a(glutLnatlv. languages.,. The 01d slavic verbal formatlon ard lts cfements are ldentlcar to theequlvaLent structure and clements of the egglutlnatlve languages.6. The 01d slavlc verbal sufflxcs end their ercments ere idcntlcel tothe equlvalent structure and el-ehcnts of the agglutinartlvc languagcs.7. Seveniy percent of thc vocabulary of the fold Slavl"e" Ianguge lt notof rndo-European orLgln but ldentlcal to the equlralcnts ln the srmrerlan-Ural-Altalc languages.

8. The vocabulary of the O1d Slavlc languagc har also fifteen pcrcent ofIndo-0uropean related words.

9. Flve percent of the vocabulary of the O1d Slavlc language can be shown

to have strictly Indo-European eonnectlons.IO. In the language whtch ls caIled OId Slavle, we can lndicate therlgid characteristlcs of phonctlc harmorgr.

11. rn the Ord slavlc languagc, thc gendcr dl"ffcrentl-ation, in the courseof language progresslon, through folk etyrnology, rlth the help of thedenonstratlve pronouns, has a conpound constructlon, bherefore Lt ls notan orlglnal gender dlfferentiatlon.

-T?J- Csoke-llo to r

12. Tho nanes of the numerale in the language called OId Slavlc are rntof Indo-European or5.gln aither; they are not orlginal nunerafs but carr

be shown to origlnatc from equlvalent forms ln the agglrrtlnatlvo larrgrvr1l"r.13. The Old Slavlc: g]ovbn6sk|o

analyzed:

ard

analyzcd:

slov-tn-6 sk?slovtncslovJUn-e

ncanlng: Slavl-c and Slav. Thls shows that llngulsts falslfied thls mearr.lrrg

Just ln order tolronsurerrhlstorlcally the name flslav't. Thcso worrj fornrs

ln ectuallty are the OId Slavlc noun : slovo ( slov-o = word . wlth theaddcd sufflx varlatlons!l ILot us analyze the norphology of the word:

Old Slavicl el"ov-o = word

edJ. 1. slov-Bn-{sk'A * ln agreement 'rlth Lhe word

2. sfovj$n-e = ln agrcement wlth the wortis

Thercfore lt docs not mean ItSlavlc,l

These wcrrds havc no connccf,Lons wlth the nane of the peoplo - lilav-but they are varl-antg of the norrl : slovo wtth adjectlve srrfflxes...

Wtth the spreadlng of Chrlstlanity, the rrslavlc apostlestt, Cvrll nnrt

Method, oxplalned the Blble ln the language of the people, therefore,naccordLng to the wordtt: slortbnZsk%, and not ln Latin...

Thls ls the truth, llke tt or not...IS conclusJ-on ls:The knorm lrrltten language form of the language whlch iC calfecl

ItOld Slavlcr'ls the product of the language of the Hungarlan trlbes,Kadosa and Zodrd. Thcsc trlbes cane fron the couthern part of thoCaucasus to Joln irpadrs lbgyars and then they separated from them anrl

settled ln the Balkan penlnsula, from the clty of DureJ Lo Salonlca...I quote Badlny: fatae{t6f Istergarnlg, p, lJ:rr The history of rnanklnd, recorrled ut_r to presenl tlme, to a gr.nr,

cxtent, lacks real data. This hlstory was not wrltten accordlng Lo ilrr flrrrllrrprof archeology, anthropologr and llngulstics but according to a liactor whlehwe cannot call sclentlflc -- power -- whlch sclentific lnterpretatlon alwrvrrpubllclsetl in ils own interests..rl

Csoke-Botoa

tule: The language whlch ls called O1d slavlc ls aldeterlorated'forn of the

Hungarian language Just as Prench is of Latln or Engllsh of Gcnaan. Th{s

ls the truth and nothlns else...

_735-

Blbliography

Csdke-Bot,' rrr

Slavlc:

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Ber).in, 1961.

Bernekcr-Wagmer, Russlschc Gra"nrnatlk, San.Gdschen. Ber11n, N.Y. 192f.V.S. faraalt6, Srpskl ReEntk. Prosvcta, Belgrad. 1966.

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rilesbaden.196O.

G.J. RarnstedtrElnfiihrung in die altaische Sptachrissenschaft.. I.II.SUS. llelslnkl. 1952.

Kalmiicklsches W6iterbuch. SUS. HeIsinki. 1935.

ll

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"Grundziige

<ler sumerigchen Gramnatlk.EV. Rostock. 1923.P. A.Delme1, Surnorlsches Lexlkon.I.II.III.IV.V. Romo. 1934.RenE labat, Manuel dr6plgraphle Akadicnnel.tNl parls. 1963.I.M.Dlakonoff, Hunlsch und Urartilsch. R. Kitzlnger. Munleh.l97l.W.V. Tlll,Koptlsche Gramnatlk, VEB verl. Lelpzlg. I9ZO.Dr. sarith ribor, A maryar ndpek Sstbrt6nete. r.II.rrr. Montreal. 1975.Badiny J.Ferenca fataeSt6t Istergarnlg. Buenos Alres. 19?1.Csdke S6ndorrSundr-nagyar iisszohasonl{t6 qyelvtan.TA. Buenoo Alrcs. 1922.

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Indo-European:

Ealdc-Pokorny,