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Cambridge University Press978-0-521-51327-2 - The Stuarts in Italy, 1719–1766: A Royal Court in Permanent ExileEdward Corp IndexMore information

Index

Abernethy, George, 201 n. 71, 317, 321,366, 367

Adami, Filippo, 336, 343, 356Alamandini, Girolamo, 187Albani, Cardinal Alessandro, 239, 242Albani, Cardinal Annibale, 19–20, 60, 64,

66, 67, 71, 110, 234, Fig. 8Albani, Cardinal Gian Francesco, 274, 339Albani, don Carlo, 19–20, 61, 64, 67, 70,

110, Fig. 8Albani, donna Teresa, 62, 64, 67, 110Albani family, 63Albani, see Clement XIAlbano, Palazzo Apostolico at, 20, 21, 26

n. 51, 54, 176 n. 10, 187, 216n. 22, 226–7 n. 89, 349

Albany, Charlotte Stuart, Jacobite Duchessof, 305, 382, 386, 387

Albany, Jacobite Countess of, see Louise ofStolberg

Albemarle, Henry FitzJames, JacobiteDuke of, 206

Albergati, Cardinal Nicolo Ludovisi, 41Albergati family, 93, 182, 270 n. 31Albergati, marchese Fabio, 93, 189, 190,

192, 204, 208, 270 n. 31, 309,362

Alberoni, Cardinal Giulio, 67 n. 41, 70, 71,75, 160, 165, 166

Albinoni, Tomaso, 93Aldovrandi, Cardinal Pompeo, 225Aldrovandini, Giuseppe, 93Alet, Giovanni Carlo, 39 n. 6Alexander, Cosmo, 304, 305 n. 139, 376,

377Alexander, John, 97 n. 12, 304, 377Alford, Sir John Graeme, Jacobite Earl of,

184 n. 73, 193, 197–9 n. 62, 313,342, 343, 344, 357, 358, 368, 371

Almond, Vittoria Davia, Countess of, 175Andover, William Howard, Viscount,

328–9, 331

Angelelli, marchesa, 339Angelelli, marchese Francesco, 300,

338, 341Angelelli, marchese Roberto, 338Angelico, don, 79Anne, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland,

346, 348Appleton, Grace, 141, 144, 161, 197 n. 52,

363, 364, 367Aquaviva, Cardinal Francesco, 20, 60 n. 2,

64, 67, 68, 70, 71 n. 68, 111, 165n. 49, Fig. 8

Aquaviva, Cardinal Troiano, 242, 249,254, 259, 269, 271, 314, 358

Ariosti, Attilio, 88Arlaud, Jacques-Antoine, 97Arnaux, Jean, 157 n. 5, 181, 365Arnoux, Domenico, 117 n. 98, 196, 308

n. 8, 317, 343, 359Arnoux, Pierre, 127, 177, 308, 312, 357Artema, Baldassare, 366Arthur, Sir Francis and Lady, 102Arthur, Thomas, 201, 207, 317, 319, 321,

333, 366, 367Atterbury, Francis (Bishop of Rochester),

23, 28, 119, 131, 151, 153,159, 199

Atterbury Plot, 22–3, 24, 53, 65, 151, 187,201, 347

Augustus III, King of Poland, 66Auletta, Pietro, 275 n. 61Auvergne, Henri-Oswald de la Tour

d’Auvergne, Cardinal d’, 231

Bahores, 141Baines, Margaret, 121 n. 2, 132, 362,

367Baines, Richard, 121 n. 2, 132 n. 58, 359Baldassini, marchese, 338 n. 20Banquieri, Cardinal Antonio, 71, 266Barbault, Jean, 39 n. 6Barber, William, 335

401

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Barberini,CardinalFrancesco, 64, 111, Fig.8Barberini di Palestrina, Urbano and Teresa,

principe and principessa, 6, 62,64, 110, 241, 252, 254

Barclay, Revd George, 122 n. 9, 126, 357Barigioni, Filippo, 228 n. 97Barker, Jane, 169 n. 69Barty, Thomas, 361Batoni, Pompeo, 7, 286 n. 65, 298, 376,

385, App. CBattaglia, Francesca, 143, 144, 157, 161,

163, 177 n. 17, 310, 363, 367Battaglia, Pietro, 312, 357Beaufort, Henry Somerset, 3rd Duke of,

168, 169–72, 170 n. 76, 186n. 89, n. 90

Beauvau, Charles-Juste, prince de, 254Beauvilliers, Paul, duc de, 246Bedford, Wriothesley Russell, 3rd Duke of,

277Belle, Alexis-Simon, 96–7, 115, 116 n. 92,

277–8, 280, 376, 377, App. CBellew, John, 4th Lord, 309Belloni, marchese Giovanni Angelo, 175

n. 3, 185Belloni, marchese Girolamo, 116, 118, 185

n. 80, 202, 226Bencini, Pietro Paolo, 274Benedict XIII, Pope (Pietro Francesco

Orsini), 17, 25–35, 54, 56, 66,71, 72–3, 74, 85, 95, 164,166, 172, 176, 203, 206, 208,213 n. 1

Benedict XIV, Pope (Prospero LorenzoLambertini), 17, 206, 225–37,263, 335, 336, 337–9, 341, 379

Bentivoglio, Cardinal Cornelio, 242, 266Bernacchi, Antonio, 92Bernardi, Francesco (called Senesino), 90

n. 58, 92Bernardini, conte, 336, 341, 360Bernasconi, Andrea, 270 n. 31Berwick, Anne (nee Bulkeley), Duchess

(wife of 1st Duke) of, 370, App. GBerwick, James FitzJames,1st Duke of, 171

n. 84, 230 n. 110, 310, 370,App. G

Berwick, James FitzJames, 2nd Duke of,186, 253 n. 80, 255, 320, 369,370 n. 10, App. G

Berwick, James FitzJames, 3rd Duke of,255, 320, App. G

Bethune, Louis, comte de, 116 n. 89, n. 92,293 n. 84

Bianchini, Francesco, 145–6

Black, Revd, 313 n. 36Blanchet, Louis-Gabriel, 285, 287 n. 68,

295, 296–7, 299, 301, 302 n. 129,App. C

Bolognathe court of James IIIBedchamber of the king, 195, 313below stairs, 189, 191, 195, 196Casa Belloni, 175, 176, 178Casa Pistorini, 179, 181Chamber of the king, 196Chapel Royal, 182entertainments, 181, 203finance, 201–3household of Prince Charles, 183, 188,

191, 196household of the queen, 188–93, 194,

195, 197, 202, 204nationalities, 188, 189Palazzo Fantuzzi, 29, 176, 179–80

n. 36, n. 37, 182, 183, 186, 194,207, 208 n. 115

Palazzo Monti, 179, 187 n. 91Palazzo Ranuzzi-Cospi, 179–80, 182,

183, 205 n. 96, 208 n. 115pensioners, 200, 201Protestant cemetery, 196 n. 46recruitment of servants and

pensioners, 188, 317royal apartments, 180 n. 38, 194salaries and pensions, 201, 308secretariat and ministry, 184, 188,

197–9, 207size, 188, 201stables, 191, 196surrogate embassy, 196Villa Alamandini, 92, 187, 192, 194,

205, 242 n. 6opera housesAngelelli, 93Formigliari, 91, 93Malvezzi, 91Marsigli-Rossi, 91, 93Pubblico, 94, 181

Bolognetti, conte Ferdinando and contessa,242, 248, 249, 250, 251, 254, 258n. 123

Bonaventura, Sebastiano, Bishop ofCorneto and Montefiascone, 56,64, 110, 116 n. 89, 279 n. 21,282, Fig. 8

Bonbled, Felix, 126, 196, 308 n. 8, 312,320, 343, 351, 356

Boncampagni, Cardinal Giacomo, 180Bononcini, Giovanni, 82, 87, 88, 98

402 Index






Booth, Charles (maggiordomo at Urbino),350

Booth, Charles (rector of the EnglishCollege), 350

Bordoni, Faustina, 80, 89, 268Borghese, Camillo and Agnese (nee

Colonna), principe andprincipessa, 6, 242, 248, 252,254, 258

Boswell, James, 5Bouffer, Pierre, 126, 356Boulieux, Joseph, 308 n. 8, 359Bourbon, Louis-Henri, prince de Conde

and duc de, 72–4, 159 n. 22Bourgogne, Louis, duc de (later Louis

XVI), 262Bourke, Marianne, 245Bourke, Sir Toby, Jacobite Lord, 243,

245, 246, 247, 248, 250, 255,328, 358

Bouzier, Jean, 196 n. 48, 316, 360Bracci, Pietro, 228Bromley, William, 54 n. 46Broomer, Jeremiah, 127, 177 n. 16, 280,

315, 359Broschi, Carlo (called Farinelli), 80, 84, 90,

91–2, 93, 275Broschi, Riccardo, 275 n. 64Brosses, Charles de, 78, 217, 250 n. 65,

251, 253, 272Brown, Father John, 53 n. 45, 110, 126,

133, 142 n. 26, 146, 189, 194,357, 362, Fig. 8

Browne, Widow, 366Brun, Antoine, 121 n. 3, 196 n. 49, 360Brun, Elisabeth, 121 n. 3Brun, Therese (nee Kerby), 122,

122 n. 4Buckingham, Edmund Sheffield, 2nd Duke

of, 4 n. 15, 5Buckingham, Katherine, Duchess of

(widow of the 1st Duke), 296Buini, Giuseppe Maria, 93, 94Bulkeley, Lady Sophia, 171 n. 84, 312 n. 26Bulkeley, Lt-General Francis, 171 n. 84Bulkeley, Richard, 5th Viscount, 171 n. 84,

172 n. 90Bulstrode, Joseph, 318 n. 65, 321, 341,

345, 350, 366, 368Burke, Edmund, 352Butler, Edmund, 127, 196 n. 49, 316, 360

Caesar, Mary, 96 n. 5Caffarelli, duca, 338 n. 20Caffarelli, see Majorano

Cameron, Alan, 4 n. 15, 125, 161, 178,183, 193, 195 n. 43, 200, 207,313, 319, 356, 366

Cameron, Alexander, 317, 366, 368Campana, Pietro, 300Campiglio, Madame, 297 n. 102Cangiassi, Father, 194, 309, 362Canillac, Claude Francois de, 259, 333Cantina, Giovanni Battista, 360Cantini, Madame, 361Carafa, Cardinal Pierluigi, 266Carafa, Massimo, 360Carbognano, principessa, 254Carriera, Rosalba, 285 n. 56Carse, Mark, 4 n. 15, 317, 319, 321, 324,

328, 329–30, 366, 368Carteret, George, 310–11, 321, 364,

365, 368Caryll, John Baptiste, 3rd Jacobite Lord,

351 n. 22Casalini Torelli, Lucia, 116, 118, App. CCaserta, duca di, 252Cassiani, Francesco, 343, 351, 356Catillon, Jacques, 197 n. 52, 311, 361, 365Cecchini, 80Cellamare, Antonio del Giudice, duca di, 75Cenci, baronessa, 254Cesarini, Angiolo (Bishop of Milevi), 306

n. 144, 382, 385, 387Chalmers, George, 304Charles, King of Naples (later Charles III

of Spain), 242, 243 n. 15, App.GCharles, Prince of Walesappreciation of music and opera, 94,

251, 268, 270, 271, 272attitude to Dunbar, 325, 326, 327baptism, 52, 56, 109–11birth, 20, 22, 62–4, 83, 99, 104, 121,

142, 347confirmation, 27 n. 56, 34dancing at balls, 181, 218, 247, 252departure for Bologna, 178departure for France, 229, 240, 297,

333, 386education, 146, 153, 154, 157, 176, 181,

182, 272, 310Garter and Thistle, 67, 107, 369, 370hunting, 251, 252medals, 283–4not recognised as king in 1766, 237, 239,

344, 349papal pension, 349patron of Order of Toboso, 324portraits, 100, 107, 110, 113–14, 115,

116, 119, Chapter 14, 382

Index 403






Charles, Prince of Wales (cont.)reckless behaviour after 1747, 232, 237,

238, 258, 261, 334, 348, 353relations with his father, 326, 327return to Rome, 207servants, 28, 31, 363visits to Cisterna, 252visit to Faenza, 94visits to Mentana, 242, 252visit to Naples and Gaeta, 281visits to Palo, 252visit to Parma, 205visit to Venice, 284

Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, 18, 25,73, 213, 242, 286, App. G

Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor(previously Elector of Bavaria),257, App. G

Cherubini, Domenico, 376Chiari, Giuseppe, 52Chiarini, Maria Laura, 118Cholier, President, 278 n. 10Christina, Queen of Sweden, 54, 348Ciareine, Andrea, 312, 356Cienfuegos, Cardinal Juan Alvaro, 27, 54,

67 n. 41, 73, 85, 161, 242Clark, Father William, 229Clark, Mary Anne, 121 n. 3Clark, Nicholas, 121 n. 3, 361Clement XI, Pope (Giovanni Francesco

Albani), 17, 18–21, 52, 64, 81,104, 346

Clement XII, Pope (Lorenzo Corsini),17, 214–25, 228, 256, 267,268, 281, 285, 321, 325,327, 332

Clement XIII, Pope (Carlo della Torre diRezzonico), 17, 237–9, 344, 349,350

Clementina, Queenappreciation of opera, 83, 85Convent of Santa Cecilia, 31, 75, 117,

170death and state funeral, 221, 228, 247,

268, 281, 344death of her mother, 24death of her sister Casimira, 67departure from the court, 9, 28, 75, 113,

164–7dissatisfaction, 75, 131, 163–4,

Chapter 7, 157hostility to the king’s favourites, 28, 123,

147, 149, 214marriage at Montefiascone, 10, 98, 282medals, 102, 104, 283

monument in Santi Apostoli, 221,228–9, 238

monument in St Peter’s, 112, 228, 293papal pension, 192, 203portraits, Chapter 5, 222, 228,

Chapter 14, 382pregnancies, 19, 26, 27, 58 n. 59, 107,

134, 140, 153, 156, 205presents from the popes, 27, 31, 32, 33,

54prie-dieu, 52 n. 44, 387proxy marriage at Bologna, 98, 104quarrel with the king, 28refusal to join the king at Avignon, 32,

118, 194return to Rome, 33, 57, 208return to the court, 32, 118, 187, 192servants, 132–4, 140–8sister Charlotte, duchesse de Bouillon,

115 n. 89supported by Benedict XIII, 28, 30toilet set, 387tour of central Italy, 24, 66–7, 146visits to Albano, 65, 67, 69, 160, 162,

208visit to Bagni di Lucca, 23–4, 65, 66, 146visits to Corgniolo, 71, 160visit to Nettuno, 65visit to Orvieto, 160visit to Pesaro and Urbino, 66–7will, 387withdrawal from social life, 193, 204,

208, 220, 240, 265Clepham, Colonel William, 124 n. 17, 125,

200, 366Clifford, Lady Anne, see MahonyClifford, Lady Frances, 244Cocchi, Gioacchino, 270 n. 31Cockburne, Major John, 125, 366Coke, Thomas (later Earl of Leicester), 97Collicola, Cardinal Carlo, 30, 71Collier, Captain, 125, 366Colonna, Angelo Michele, 180Colonna family, 45, 60, 64 n. 20, 65,

71, 91, 110, 175, 243, 248,253, 254

Connock, Colonel William (later SirWilliam), 169 n. 69

Connock, Sir Timon, 169 n. 69, 371Constable, John (later Sir John), 196, 309,

318 n. 70, 320, 321, 337, 341,342, 343, 345, 350, 351, 359,363, 364, 367, 371

Constable, Sir Marmaduke, 328Conway, Richard, 197 n. 52, 360

404 Index






Corbet, Maurice, 318, 319, 321, 341, 342,343, 345, 350, 366, 368

Corelli, Arcangelo, 78, 250 n. 65Cornell, Ryan, 361Corsini family, 6, 218, 223, 243, 251, 254,

262, 265, 266Corsini, marchese then Cardinal Neri, 214,

217, 218–19, 223, 224, 225, 232,243, 254, 263, 265, 358

Corsini, see Clement XIICorvi, Domenico, 299–300, 301, 302, 304Costanzi, Carlo, 302Costanzi, Giovanni, 11, 91, 94, 268,

269, 271–2 n. 37, 274, 349,350, 365

Costanzi, Placido, 290 n. 77, 370 n. 11,376

Cotton, John, 329, 330Cowper, Revd Patrick, 122 n. 9, 126, 357Cowper, William, 3rd Earl, 105 n. 57Crane, William and Elizabeth (nee

Broomer), 177 n. 17Craon-Beauvau, Marc, prince de, 254Creagh, Matthew, 196 n. 48, 315, 359Creagh, Robert, 133, 146, 147, 189, 309,

358, 362, 367Cristofari, Pietro Paolo, 228, 294Culloden, Battle of, 230, 258, 299, 335,

347, 353Cuzzoni, Francesca, 89

Da Capua, Rinaldo, 270 n. 31D’Adda, Cardinal Ferdinando, 202, 384Daulle, Jean, 293Davia, Cardinal Gianantonio, 31, 33, 175,

180, 183, 242, 254, 314, 321n. 83, 358

David, Antonio, 7, 56, 96–7, 98, 100–3,105–11, 113, 117–19, 277, 286n. 67, 304, 376, 385, App. C

De Angelis, Lorenzo, 356De Rossi, Giambattista, 40De Rossi, Mattia, 39 n. 5Decelles, Francois, 157 n. 7, 189, 308, 309,

312, 336, 356, 362Delattre, James, 127, 196 n. 49, 316, 321,

360, 366Delaux, Francois, 126, 175, 193, 196, 312

n. 29, 356Del Oro, Pietro, 360Dereham, Sir Thomas, 218–19, 224, 243,

254, 290 n. 78, 327, 328Derwentwater, Charles Radcliffe, 5th Earl

of, 243–4, 246, 247, 248, 249,255, 258, 296, 328, 329, 331

Derwentwater, Charlotte Maria (neeLivingstone), Countess ofNewburgh, Countess of , 5–6n. 33, 244, 247

Derwentwater, James Radcliffe, 3rd Earl of,244

Dicconson, Edward, 197 n. 53Dicconson, Hugh, 197, 209, 311–12, 320,

364, 368Dicconson, William, 167, 169, 197Dillon, Lt-General Arthur, Jacobite

Viscount then Earl, 19, 137, 138,139, 141, 142, 143, 144, 151,153, 168, 169, 370, 371

Dini, Camillo, 316, 360Dini, Frances (nee Kerby), 366Domenichino, 80Doria, Felice, 272, 365Dormer, Joseph, 318, 321, 341, 342, 343,

345 n. 74, 366, 368Doyle, Anna, 132, 362Doyle, Lawrence, 132 n. 58Drevet, Pierre, 100Drummond, Lord John (later 4th Duke of

Perth), 297Drummond, Lord William (called the abbe

Melfort), 110, 243, 245, 248,290, Fig. 8

Dubois, Cardinal Guillaume, 19, 21Dufour, Dominique, 170Dunbar, James Murray, Jacobite Earl of,

12, 28–31, 53 n. 46, 60, 63, 75,99, 100, 122 n. 9, 123, 128–32,128 n. 38, 133, 134, 137, 138–40,142, 143, 170, 176, 178, 183–4n. 66, 185, 187, 191, 192, 196,197–9, 202, 203 n. 86, 204, 205n. 96, 207, 209, 217, 226 n. 86,259, 286, 309, 310 n. 21, 314,319, 320, 323–34 n. 57, 332n. 48, 336, 357, 358, 363, 364,370, 376, Fig. 17

Duncan, James, 192, 194–5, 308, 309, 312,356, 362, 367

Duncan, Joanna, 308Dundee, Giovanni Battista Gualterio,

Jacobite 1st Earl of, 182, 190, 194Duni, Egidio Romualdo, 269 n. 22, 275

n. 64Dupra, Domenico, 7, 291–3, 297, 298,

299, 301, 304, 332 n. 51, 376,App. C

Dupra, Giuseppe, 292Dupuis, Jean-Baptiste, 100 n. 34, 196

n. 48, 308 n. 9, 359

Index 405






Edelinck, Gerard, 114Edgar, James, 124 n. 17, 125, 157, 183,

184, 193, 197–9, 251, 272, 281,282, 291, 296, 297 n. 102, 304,313, 319, 331, 341, 342, 343, 344,358, 366, 376

Elcho, David Wemyss, Lord, 252 n. 78, 253Elizabeth Christine, Holy Roman Empress

(wife of Charles VI), 286, App. GElizabeth (nee Farnese), Queen of Spain

(wife of Philip V), 31, 62 n. 6, 73,98 n. 18, 242, App. G

Ellis, Sir William, 4 n. 15, 30, 112, 114–18,122 n. 9, 126, 128, 134, 135, 148,171, 177 n. 17, 177–8, 185 n. 76,185–6, 188, 191–3, 194, 196n. 44, 201, 203 n. 86, 317, 319,359

Elphinstone, Arthur (later 5th LordBalmerino), 317 n. 63, 366

Escudero, don Antonio (Grand Prior ofNavarre), 336–7, 359

Evangelista, Giovanni, 176 n. 10, 361Evans, Cecilia, 124 n. 17, 197 n. 52

Falconi, Philipo, 85Falconieri, Cardinal Alessandro, 31, 63,

64, 242Fantuzzi, conte Filippo Gaetano, 176, 180

n. 37Farinelli, see BroschiFatinelli, Gian Giacomo, 23Faure, Ignace, 193, 360Fede, Innocenzo, 78, 249, 272 n. 37, 357Fenelon, Francois de Salignac de la

Motte- (Archbishop of Cambrai),152

Feo, Francesco, 95, 250 n. 65Ferbos, Pierre, 196, 310 n. 21, 364Fermor, Robert, 318, 321, 341, 342, 343,

345 n. 74, 366, 368Ferretti, Francesco Maria (Grand Prior of

England), 206 n. 102Fiano, Marco and Giulia, duca and

duchessa di, 62, 64, 110, 181,184, 241, 254

Fitzgerald, Gerald, 121 n. 2, 126, 132, 356Fitzgerald, Mary, 121 n. 2, 132, 146, 155,

165, 189, 309, 362, 366FitzJames, Lord Charles FitzJames, 4th duc

de, 370, 386, App. GFitzJames, Lord Francis FitzJames, 3rd duc

de (Bishop of Soissons), 230n. 110, 255 n. 97, App. G

FitzJames, see Berwick

Fitzmaurice, Captain Henry, 201, 207, 310n. 21, 313, 317, 321, 328,329–31, 332, 336, 340, 341 n. 43,358, 366, 367

Fleming, Charles (later 7th Earl ofWigton), 178, 200, 366, 376

Fleury, Cardinal Andre-Hercule de, 33n. 92, 34, 154, 223, 256

Floriot, Martin, 311, 365Fogliani, conte, 338 n. 20Folkes, Martin, 327Fontana, contessa, 190 n. 3Forbes, Charles, 124 n. 17, 125, 163 n. 42,

366Formigliari, conte Girolamo, 91, 189, 192,

204, 208, 309, 362Formilino, 79Forrester, Sir John, 371Forster, Thomas, 122 n. 10, 123, 127, 146,

148, 150 n. 59, 153–4, 172 n. 90,175, 178, 183, 193, 196, 198, 204n. 93, 209, 315 n. 45, 319, 320,324 n. 4, 359, 366

Fortescue, Bridget, Lady, 105 n. 57Fotheringham,David, 4 n. 15, 318, 366, 368Foucquet, Bishop Francois, 69, 75, 153,

156, 160, 166, 248, 254, 283n. 46

Foullon, Joseph, 343Francarsi, Father, 312, 357Franchi, Agostino, 284–5Francis Stephen, Duke of Lorraine then

Grand Duke of Tuscany thenHoly Roman Emperor Francis I,213, 254, App. G

Fratellini, Giovanna, 119–20, App. CFrederick II, the Great, King of Prussia, 7Freemasonry, 12, 223–4, 324–32,

see also Rome: Jacobite LodgeFrezza, Girolamo, 282Friend, Dr John, 141Friz, Antonio, 282Fuga, Ferdinando, 219 n. 40, 221

Gaetani, duca di, 124Galli-Bibiena, Francesco, 180Gallimard, Claude-Olivier, 232 n. 117, 301Galuppi, Baldassare, 274, 275Garnier, Pierre, 360Garter, Order of the, 52, 67, 107, 186, 194

n. 31, 278, 286, 288, 289, 293,296, 301, 369, 370 n. 10, 379,381–2, 386

Gasparini, Francesco, 73, 81, 83, 84, 95,272 n. 37

406 Index






Gaydon, Sir Richard, 142Generat, Giuseppe, 359George I, King of Great Britain and

Ireland, 18, 22, 32, 92, 187, 200,347, 348, 353

George II, King of Great Britain andIreland, 32, 188, 195, 238, 348

George III, King of Great Britain andIreland, 238, 239, 343

George IV, King of Great Britain andIreland, 381, 383

Geraldin, Nicholas, the chevalier, 158 n. 9,178, 197, 206, 310, 324 n. 4, 326,364, 365

Ghezzi, Pier Leone, 109, 271, 290 n. 78,322 n. 88, 377, 378, 379

Ghiselli, Antonio Francesco, 91, 179, 181,182, 187, 193

Giacomelli, Geminiano, 266, 270Giai, Giovanni Antonio, 266Gigli, cavaliere Giuseppe, 316, 336, 345

n. 74, 360Gill, E., 115 n. 83, 115–16 n. 91, 119, 279,

App. CGiovanini, Tiburzio (called Jovanini), 79Girelli, Francesco, 196 n. 48, 360Giustiniani family, 6 n. 33Giustiniani, Vincenzo and Costanza,

principe and principessa, 62, 64,76, 110, 241, 248, 254

Glenshiel, Battle of, 131Gordon, Admiral Thomas, 119Gordon, Alexander, 133, 362, 367Gordon, Isabella (later Mrs Marsi), 133,

146, 155, 165, 189, 308, 309,362, 366

Goring, Sir Henry, 201Goring, William, 201, 207, 310 n. 21,

310–11, 317, 319, 363, 366, 367Gotti, Cardinal Vincenzo, 222Gouy, Jacques Francois, 309, 310Gouy, Marie, 309, 310, 364, 365Gozzadini, Cardinal Ulisse, 180Graeme, Sir John, see AlfordGraham, James, 4 n. 15, 126Grant, Father Peter, 6 n. 32Grimaldi, Nicolo (called Nicolini), 94Guadagni, Cardinal Giovanni Antonio, 243Gualterio, abbate (later Cardinal)

Ludovico, 199Gualterio, Cardinal Filippo Antonio, 30–1,

33, 45 n. 24, 60 n. 2, 63, 64, 67,68, 69, 70–1, 75, 76, 82 n. 26,96–7, 98, 103, 110, 116 n. 89,n. 92, 158 n. 9, 160, 164, 182,

183, 190, 199, 314, 358, Fig. 8,Fig. 9

Gualterio, marchese Giacomo, 182, 190Gualterio, marchesa Vittoria (nee

Albergati), 182Gualterio, see DundeeGuardi, Francesco, 285 n. 56Guerin, Jean-Louis (known as the bailli de

Tencin), 259, 263, 314, 358Guidet, Balthazar, 4 n. 15Guise, John, 55 n. 52

Hamerani, Ermenegildo, 89, 104–5, 283–4Hamerani, Ottone, 80, 104, 283Hamilton, Elizabeth, Duchess of, 105 n. 57Hamilton, James, 116 n. 89Hamilton, James, 5th Duke of, 4, 369, 370Hamilton, Revd Ezekiel, 196, 313, 319,

324–7, 331, 357, 367Handel, George Frederick, 87–9, 92, 268,

275 n. 61, n. 64Harcourt, Francois, duc d’, 247Hasse, Johann Adolf, 250 n. 65, 266, 275

n. 61, n. 64Hay, Captain William (later Sir William),

193, 196, 200, 288–91, 295, 302,313, 315, 319, 321, 324, 328,329, 331, 332–4, 336, 356, 359,366, 367, 371, 376, Fig. 23

Hay, Dr James, 194, 197, 200, 363, 366,367

Hay, John, see InvernessHay of Restalrig, John, 349, 350, 351Haym, Nicola, 87Henry, Duke of Yorkappreciation of music and opera, 251,

266, 268, 269, 270, 272Archpriest of St Peter’s, 235, 236, 262,

274, 340baptism, 27, 56, 71, 147birth, 27, 56, 71, 111, 121, 157, 160Bishop of Corinth, 237Bishop of Frascati, 238camerlengo of the College of Cardinals,

237ceremonial when meeting cardinals, 261

n. 136Church of Santa Maria in Campitelli,

234, 262, 273, 274Church of Santa Maria in Trastevere,

238Church of Santi Apostoli, 236confirmation, 220created a cardinal, 231, 240, 259, 299departure for Bologna, 178

Index 407






Henry, Duke of York (cont.)departure for France, 229, 240, 299departure from Rome (1752), 235, 339,

340disagreement with the king, 235–6, 262,

337–9ecclesiastical revenues, 219, 234, 236,

238, 338education, 272, 311, 337facciata, 231, 260, 301Garter and Thistle, 369, 370medals, 283–4ordained a priest, 234, 299patron of Order of Toboso, 324patronage of musicians, 269, 272–5, 276plan to make him a cardinal, 219, 225,

229, 230–1, 232portraits, 113, 116, 119, Chapter 14,

369, 382return to Rome (1729), 208return to Rome (1752), 236, 262, 339servants, 166, 191, 195, 197, 364vice-cancelliere, 238, 344visit to Assisi and Loreto, 260

Holdsworth, Edward, 296 n. 96Howard, Lord Richard, 110, 115, Fig. 8Hughes, Lois, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145

n. 35, 363, 367Hussey, Giles, 284–5, 297Hussey, Mary Anne (Mrs Turner),

284, 308

Ildefonso, Father, 311, 337–8, 365Imperiali, Cardinal Cosimo, 274Imperiali, Cardinal Giuseppe Renato, 60,

64, 67, 71, 75, 110, Fig. 8Ingleton, Dr John, 278 n. 10Innes, Lewis, 167, 183, 198, 220, 280Innocent XIII, Pope (Michelangelo Conti),

17, 21–5, 64, 65, 70, 71Inverness, John Hay, Jacobite Earl (later

Duke) of, 12, 24 n. 34, 29, 31, 60,75, 107, 114, 121 n. 2, 122 n. 9,123, 127, 128–32, 134–5, 137,138, 139, 142–55, 158–71, 176,178–9, 181, 183–4 n. 66, 185,193, 197, 204, 205 n. 98, 208,214, 220, 314, 320, 323–4, 327,333 n. 52, 334, 357, 359, 370–1,376, 378 n. 2, Fig. 14

Inverness, Marjory (nee Murray), JacobiteCountess (later Duchess) of, 29,31, 60, 75, 99, 107, 110, 117n. 98, 121 n. 2, 122 n. 9, 123,129–32, 133, 134–5, 137, 140,

141–9, 151, 158–70, 178–9,183–4 n. 66, 204, 208, 214,220, 334 n. 62, 361, 376,Fig. 13

Irwin, Dr James, 5 n. 17, 291, 297 n. 101,308, 313, 319, 321, 328–31, 332,342, 357, 376, Fig. 24

Jacquin, Mathurin, 199 n. 63, 313, 320,321, 336, 358

James II, 346James III

acceptance of permanent exile, 188, 230,241, 335, 347

appreciation of opera, 80, 82–5, 92, 253at Avignon, 32–3, 117, 193–5attitude to Freemasonry, 223, 329–30, 332bad relations with the queen, 28,

Chapter 7beatification of James II, 220, 223, 228books, 385, 386 n. 24daily routine, 241, 248, 249, 252–3, 258,

262decision to remain at Bologna, 30, 183departure for Bologna, 29, 56, 76, 90,

114, 172, 176–8favourites, 129, 137, 151, 172, 198health, mental and physical, 237, 239,

241, 258, 261, 263, 341–2, 343,348, 353

hopes and fears during the ’45, 229,258

income from France, 203, 235, 334 n. 57marriage at Montefiascone, 10, 79, 98,

104, 110, 282medals, 80, 89, 104–5, 283nomination of cardinal protectors, 31,

33, 183, 218, 219, 232nomination of cardinals, 17, 19, 34, 70,

224, 230 n. 110, 232, 256opera and other music, Chapter 4,

Chapter 13papal pension, 18, 21, 25, 28, 30, 32, 33,

76, 94, 172, 183, 202–3, 214,225, 234, 236, 237

papers, 386–7pension from the French crown, 18–20,

21–2, 25, 33 n. 92, 202pictures, 385plate, 67, 176 n. 11, 177 n. 19, 185 n. 81,

202 n. 79, 241, 383–4porcelain, 385portraits, Chapter 5, Chapter 14, 382possible return to Saint-Germain, 72–4,

86, 163

408 Index






presents for him and his family receivedfrom the popes, 19, 20, 21, 23,25, 27, 31, 32, 34, 54, 215–16,225, 229

relationswithBenedictXIII, 25–35, 54, 56relations with Benedict XIV, 225–37relations with Cardinal York, 235–6, 262relations with cardinals and Roman

society, Chapter 3, Chapter 12relations with Clement XI, 18–21relations with Clement XII, 214–25relations with Clement XIII, 237–9relations with Innocent XIII, 21–5request to have a larger palazzo, 54return to Bologna, 33, 119, 195return to Rome, 33, 57, 94, 119, 206Spanish ecclesiastical revenues, 229, 234speaks Chinese, 248state funeral, 239, 274, 349touching for the king’s evil, 182 n. 61,

193 n. 31, 318tour of central Italy, 24, 66–7, 146visits to Albano, 65, 67, 69, 76, 160, 162,

170, 208, 215, 339, 340visits to Assisi and Loreto, 67, 260visits to Bagni di Lucca, 23–4, 66,

146, 182 n. 61visits to Bologna, 66 n. 30, 175visits to Corgniolo, 67, 71, 76, 160visit to Faenza, 94visits to Macarese, 67, 242, 252visit to Nettuno, 65visit to Orvieto, 160visit to Parma, 93, 205visit to Pesaro and Urbino, 66–7visit to Spain, 10, 82, 98, 128, 130–1,

183, 384visit to Venice, 205visits to Zagarolo, 67, 242will, 234, 238, 343, 381, 386–7

Jolly de Falvie, Peter, 193, 361Jommelli, Niccolo, 260, 273–4, 275–6

Kearney, James, 293 n. 84Keller, Teresa, 157 n. 2, 161, 177 n. 17,

311, 356, 364, 367Kennedy, Francis, 122 n. 9, 128, 149–50,

154, 161, 169, 170–2, 198,200 n. 69, 358, 366, 377

Kerby, Elizabeth, 121 n. 3Kerby, Frances, see DiniKerby, Henry, 121 n. 3, 177 n. 16, 196

n. 49, 316, 360Kerby, James, 122 n. 6, n. 8, 361Kerby, Therese, see Brun

Kilsyth, William Livingston, 3rd Viscount,111 n. 68, 125, 200, 201 n. 71,317, 321, 324, 365

Kinnoull, 8th Earl of, 159 n. 20, 323Kloppelin, Katherine, see Weber

La Rochefoucauld, Cardinal Frederique-Jerome de (Archbishop ofBourges), 230, 259, 263, 273, 358

Lafon, Francois, 359Lambertini, see Benedict XIVLampugnani, Giovanni Battista, 270 n. 31Landuzzi, Andrea, 360Lanfredini, Cardinal Giacomo, 228Lang, Andrew, 353Lansdowne,GeorgeGranville, Lord (Jacobite

Duke of Albemarle, 2nd creation),131, 137, 142, 149, 151, 153, 369

Lante, Cardinal Federico Marcello, 232,263, 358

Lascaris, Bishop Georgio Maria, 340–1,344, 349, 358

Latilla, Gaetano, 269, 270 n. 31, 272Laurenti, Dr, 342Legnani, marchesa Lucrezia, 190, 204, 205

n. 96, 208, 309, 361Leigh, Father, 243, 245, 248, 250, 255,

335, 337, 368Leo, Leonardo, 87, 91, 270 n. 31Leprotti, Antonio, 310, 327Lercari, Giovanni, 337–40Lesserteur, Theophile, 186 n. 89, 359Levieux, Mrs, 362Lewis, David, 315 n. 51, 360Lindsay,Mary (laterMrs Vezzosi), 197 n. 52,

308Linlithgow, James Livingston, 5th Earl of, 4

n. 15, 111 n. 68, 125, 126, 365Liotard, Jean-Etienne, 285–91, 286 n. 63,

297, App. CLiria, see BerwickLismore, Daniel O’Bryen, 1st Jacobite Earl

of, 336–7, 341, 342, 358, 368,369, 371, 372

Livry, Louis Sanguin, marquis de, 246Lochiel, Sir John Cameron, Baron, 371Logroscino, Nicola, 269Lorrain, ClaudeGellee, known asClaude, 40Louis, French Dauphin (father of Louis

XVI), 257, 259, 273Louis XIV, King of France, 59, 70, 72, 347,

348, 387Louis XV, King of France, 25, 27, 34, 72,

86, 95, 230 n. 110, 234, 238, 256,257, 348

Index 409






Louise Marie, Princess (sister of James III),197, 310

Louise of Stolberg, Jacobite Countess ofAlbany (wife of Prince Charles),306, 382

Luither, Josef, 317, 350 n. 13, 361Lumisden, Andrew, 282, 304, 341, 342,

343, 344 n. 68, 345, 349, 350–2,358, 368

Luynes, Philippe d’Albert, duc de, 251

Macane, Catherine, 356, 362Macarty, Charles, 127, 177 n. 16, 315

n. 50, 360Macarty, Helen, 366MacDonnell, Brigadier then General

Randall, 116 n. 89, 297,279 n. 21

MacDonogh, Father Michael, 310 n. 18Mackintosh, Lachlan, 349, 351Macpherson, John, 318, 361, 368Maghie, Dr Charles, 122 n. 9, 126, 146,

189, 313, 319, 357, 363Maguill, Michael, 361Maguirk, Sarah, 133, 362Mahony, Cecilia (later principessa

Giustiniani), 6 n. 33Mahony, Count James Joseph, 296Mahony, Countess Anne (nee Clifford),

244, 296, 376Majorano, Gaetano (called Caffarelli), 274Mambretti, Salvatore, 316, 343, 360Mancini, Francesco, 81Manna, Francesco, 270 n. 31Manning, Mark, 177 n. 16, 316 n. 56, 361Mar, Frances (nee Pierrepont), Jacobite

Duchess of, 82 n. 25, 88, 97, 98,100, 116 n. 89, 134, 137, 138,148, 377

Mar, John Erskine, 6th Earl and 1stJacobite Duke of, 96–9, 107, 123,128, 129–30, 131, 133, 134,138–40, 141, 142–5, 147, 148,151, 152–3, 158, 168 n. 66,169, 180 n. 37, 304, 357, 371,377

Marchesi, Stefano, 361Marcolini, Father, 336, 357Marescotti-Ruspoli, Francesco-Maria,

marchese, 181Maria Anna, Queen Dowager of Spain

(widow of Charles II), 99Maria Leszczynska, Queen of

France (wife of Louis XV),27, 72, 95

Maria Theresa, Archduchess then HolyRoman Empress (wife ofFrancis I), 213, App. G

Mariani, Paolo, 66Marini, Giacomo, 322 n. 88Marischal, George Keith, 10th Earl, 199,

279, 290 n. 77, 314, 317, 319,320, 324–5, 327, 358, 368, 370n. 11, 376

Marsi, Pietro, 185 n. 76, 196, 308, 309,317, 343, 359

Marsi, see GordonMarsili, Count Luigi Ferdinando, 41Martinash, Joseph, 359Mary of Modena, Queen, 9, 97, 141, 145,

170, 182, 186 n. 89, 245, 248,310, 384, 386, 387

Masson, 192 n. 17, 194–5Masucci, Agostino, 109, 282–3Maxwell, Lady Anne, 205 n. 96, 309, 361,

367, 377Maxwell, see NithsdaleMaxwell, William, Lord, 205Mayes, Father Lawrence, 115 n. 86, 116

n. 91, 128, 176, 179, 182, 191,193, 195, 196, 203 n. 86, 310,311, 312, 336, 357, 358,363, 365, 366

Medina, Sir John de, 377Melfort, Euphemia, Jacobite Duchess of

(wife of 1st Duke), 97 n. 9, 116n. 89, n. 92, 117

Melfort, John Drummond, 1st Earl and 1stJacobite Duke of, 97, 245

Mellin, Charles, 40, 45 n. 26, 47Mengs, Anton Raphael, 7, 299–301, 302, 304Menicucci, 269Mesi, Francesco, 361Metastasio, Pietro Trapassi, known as, 95,

250 n. 65Meytens (the Younger), Martin van, 111,

114, 119, 222, 228, 279–81, 282,293, 299, 301, App. C

Mezieres, Eleanor (nee Oglethorpe),marquise de, 369

Middleton, Charles, 2nd Earl of, 139Milles, Christopher, 55 n. 52Miner, James, 359Misset, Eleanor (nee Gealeagh), Lady, 133,

134, 135, 140, 141–5, 146, 147,163, 166, 192 n. 17, 204, 361,363, 364, 367

Misset, Sir John 142, 204Mist, Nathaniel, 279 n. 21Moliere,Jean-BaptistePoquelin,knownas,287

410 Index






Molza, Veronica, contessa, 116 n. 89, 182,279 n. 21

Monaldi, Paolo, 301, App. CMontauban, Charles and Catherine (nee de

Mezieres), prince et princesse de,278 n. 10, 369

Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat,baron de, 26

Monti, marchese, 180 n. 35Morelli, Alexis, 359Morice, John, 361Mossman, William, 279 n. 15, 280Muratori, Domenico, 52, 281, 282Murray, James (a surgeon), 197, 313, 321,

342, 343, 345, 350, 352, 357,363, 367

Murray, see DunbarMurray, William (later 1st Earl of

Mansfield), 323music, 66, 68, 69, 73–4, 186, 260, 268,

269, Chapter 4, Chapter 13Muti family, 36, 37–9, 41–5, 51, 217 n. 24,

354Muti, marchese Giovanni Battista, 18, 354

Nairne, Sir David, 23, 63, 76, 97, 128, 134,140, 146, 149, 153, 154–5 n. 89,178, 179, 182, 184, 197–9 n. 63,203 n. 86, 209, 97 n. 9, 313, 317,357, 366, 371, 377

Nairne, Francoise, 152, 154, 155 n. 89,198–9

Nairne, Marie (later Lady Ramsay), 152,155, 198–9

Naye, monsieur de la, 279 n. 21Newburgh, Charlotte Maria (nee

Livingstone), Countess of,see Derwentwater

Nicolini, see GrimaldiNieriker, Bernhardt, 46 n. 27, 121 n. 3,

177, 308 n. 8, 317, 361Nieriker, Maria Anna, 121 n. 3Nithsdale, William Maxwell, 5th Earl of,

111 n. 68, 122, 124 n. 17, 125,134, 136, 143 n. 26, 166, 189–91,192, 200, 204, 205 n. 96, 208,308, 309, 318 n. 70, 321, 324,328, 341 n. 44, 362, 365, 370,377

Nithsdale, Winifred (nee Herbert),Countess of, 29, 110, 122, 123,124 n. 17, 134, 136, 140, 142,143 n. 26, 149, 156, 166, 170,176, 178, 187, 191, 197 n. 52,203 n. 86, 205 n. 96, 284, 308,

317, 321, 341 n. 44, 364, 365,377

Nivernais, Louis-Jules Mancini-Mazarin,duc de, 262, 263

Noailles, Adrien-Maurice, duc de, 197, 247Norfolk, Thomas Howard, 8th Duke of,

23, 115North and Grey, William, 6th Baron North

and 2nd Viscount Grey, known asLord, 23, 187

Nugent, Sir Christopher, 278 n. 10

O’Brien (a merchant at Malaga), 372O’Brien, Captain John, 70, 146, 158 n. 10,

161, 170, 191, 194, 197, 310–11,320, 364, 365, 366, 367

O’Brien, Father, 194, 363, 367O’Brien, Sir John, 196 n. 49, 317, 320,

360, 368O’Bryen, see Lismore and TallowO’Callaghan, Father, 193, 198, 357, 367O’Donnell, Daniel, 141 n. 20Oglethorpe, Anne, 278 n. 10, n. 11Oliver, Simon, 359O’Neill, Anne, 356, 362O’Neill, Francis, 197 n. 50, 310, 361, 364O’Neill, Joseph, 327, 330Orkney, Elizabeth, Lady, 105 n. 57Orlandi, Clemente, 232Orlandini, Giuseppe Maria, 81, 84, 91–2,

94, 275 n. 61Orleans, Jean Philippe d’ (grand prieur de

France), 248Orleans, Philippe, duc d’ (Regent of

France), 18, 72, 151, 248, 369Ormonde, James Butler, 2nd Duke of, 128,

139, 161, 169, 196, 199, 314,324, 325, 327, 372, 379 n. 3

O’Rourke, Colonel Owen, 116 n. 89, 279n. 21, 285

Orrery, Charles Boyle, 4th Earl of, 23O’Tool, Sir Luke, 116 n. 89, 279 n. 21Ottoboni, Cardinal Pietro, 60, 64, 68, 69,

70, 73–4, 95, 99, 111, 181, 232n. 119, 243, 271–2, Fig. 8

Pamphili, Cardinal Benedetto, 64Pamphili, Olimpia, principessa: 111, 191,

252Panini, Giovanni Paolo, 7, 111, 221, 260,

282, 288, 293Parma, Dorothea Sophia, Dowager

Duchess of, 119, 205, 207 n. 110,288, 309, App. G

Parrocel, Pierre, 376

Index 411






Pasqualigi, 269Passeri, Giuseppe, 40Paston, James, 318, 321, 341, 342, 345,

350, 366, 368Paterson, John, 358Paulucci, Cardinal Fabrizio, 60, 63, 64,

111, Fig. 8Pazzi, Antonio, 300Pecquet, Pierre, 196 n. 48, 316, 327 n. 26,

360Pedrottini, Domenico, 197 n. 52Pelercha, Pietro, 359Pelli, Pietro, 343Pepoli, conte Sicinio, 91–3, 175Pepoli, contessa Eleonora (nee Colonna),

175, 181Pergolesi, Giovanni Battista, 268Perth, James Drummond, 4th Earl and 1st

Jacobite Duke of, 158 n. 9Perth, James Drummond, 3rd Jacobite

Duke of, 370Perth, see DrummondPescetti, Giovanni Battista, 275 n. 64Pesci, Girolamo, 79, 99–100, 103, 107,

App. CPezzi, Pietro, 177Philip V, King of Spain, 27, 31, 62, 65, 73,

130, 229, 242, 246, 254, 384,App. G

Philips, William, 170, 171 n. 86Pico della Mirandola, Cardinal Luigi, 330Pierce, Richard (Bishop of Waterford and

Lismore), 201 n. 74Pigott, Robert, 103Piombino, Ippolita Boncampagni,

principessa di, 56 n. 53, 62 n. 6,63–4, 68, 69, 71, 75, 76, 110,142, 181, 184, 187 n. 91, 191,204 n. 90, 207, 241, 248, 266–7,Fig. 8

Pitsligo, Alexander, 4th Lord Forbes of,138

Plowden, Francis, 141Plowden, Mary, 141, 197 n. 54Polignac, Cardinal Melchior de, 27, 70,

72–4, 75, 76, 85, 86, 94, 161,163, 246

Pollarolo, Carlo Francesco, 82Pontelli, cavaliere, 366Ponzone, Francesco, 296 n. 96, 298Porpora, Nicola, 81, 84, 89, 91, 95, 249,

266, 267, 274Porta Giovanni, 267Porto Maurizio, Leonardo da, 309, 362Pozzi, Andrea, 305 n. 140

Predieri, Luca Antonio, 84, 89Prevot, Anne, 121 n. 2, 132, 362Prevot, Nicolas, 121 n. 2, 132, 361Pubalacci, 301, App. C

Quantz, Johann, 85

Radcliffe, William, 244Raffa, Maria, 122 n. 4Ragazzi, Father Antonio, 110, 193 n. 31,

312, 357, Fig. 8Ramelli, Giovanni Felice, 97 n. 12Ramsay, Andrew, 114 n. 78Ramsay, see NairneRamsay, Sir Andrew (the chevalier), 151–4,

168, 191 n. 10, 363, 367, 371Ranuzzi, contessa, 190, 204, 205 n. 96, 361Ranuzzi family, 91, 179 n. 28Rawlinson, Richard, 80, 83, 100 n. 30,

103–5, 125Re, Giuseppe, 343, 360Read, Henry, 196 n. 48, 316, 360Rebout, Magdalen, 177 n. 17, 196 n. 48Redmond, Sir Peter, 102, 372Revillas, Diego de, 69, 310Ricci, Domenico, 272 n. 37, 365Richard, Claude, 168 n. 66Ridge, Frank, 196 n. 49, 361Rittel, Angela, 121 n. 3Rittel, Catherina, 165, 308, 309 n. 17Rittel, Gottfried, 121 n. 3, 133, 146, 165,

189, 308, 309, 362, 367Rivers, Mary, 189, 309, 362, 367Riviera, Cardinal Domenico, 219, 224,

225, 232, 242, 248, 254, 259,261, 263, 314, 333, 336, 340,358

Rodez, James, 126, 177 n. 16, 317, 356,366

Roettiers, Norbert, 104Rohan-Soubise, Cardinal Armand de, 230

n. 110Rohan-Soubise, Cardinal Armand Gaston

Maximilien de, 64, 152, 154, 256Rolli, Paolo, 87Rome,

court of James III,balls, 251–2baronetcies and knighthoods, 142, 175

n. 4, 245, 315, 337, 369–71concerts, 78–80, 79 n. 6, 83, 249,

250–1, 261, 271dining, 203, 253entertainments, 75, 79, 240, 249,

261

412 Index






introductions to portrait painters,125, 7

paintings other than portraits ofcourtiers, 40, 45, 47, 49, 50, 52,185, 321 n. 83, 385

papal guards, 216–18, 226, 317, 350peerages, 129, 140, 144, 158, 159,

161, 184, 199 n. 62, 245, 336,343, 371–2

pensioners, 121, 123, 125, 200,317–18, 365

portraits of courtiers, 99, 107, 289,295, 304, 370 n. 11, App. D

Protestant cemetery, 20, 25, 126Protestants, 4, 6, 20, 28–9, 122 n. 9,

125, 126, 132, 158, 183, 196,325, 351

salaries and pensions, 123 n. 13, 184,307, 317

surrogate embassy, 3–7, 8, 125–6, 213,319

Festa della Chinea, 65–6, 68, 71, 72, 76,243 n. 15

Inquisition, 329–30Jacobite Lodge, 327

see also Freemasonrynational establishmentsAcademie de France, 247, 287English College, 80, 103, 219,

274, 305 n. 140, 318 n. 65,350, 386

Irish Dominicans of San Clemente, 71n. 71, 80, 118 n. 107

Scots College, 103, 350Opera boxes, 27, 73–4, 82 n. 26, 85, 90,

161, 260, 266, 267, 270Opera houses,Aliberti, 64, 81–7, 95, 244, 265,

266, 267, 268 n. 18, 269–71, 270n. 30, 272, 274

Argentina, 259, 266, 268 n. 18,269–70 n. 30, 273, 274, Fig. 19

Capranica, 81–7, 95, 270La Pace, 81–7, 98, 268 n. 18La Valle, 95, 268 n. 18, 269–70Pioli, 249, 267Tordinona, 268 n. 16, n. 18, 268–9

Palazzo Bonelli, 49, 246, 252, 256Palazzo del Re,architecture, 39–45, 46–7Chapel Royal, 51–3, 55–6, 64, 68,

71, 110, 127, 222, 248, 255,312, 319

illuminations of, 68, 76, 257, 262La Madonna dell’Archetto, 52

later history, 350, 353–4, 354–5location and name, 10, 11, 18, 36–9,

45, 355maintenance and renovation, 18, 26,

33, 34, 45, 54, 58, 153, 207, 216,226, 322, 353

non-royal apartments, 124, 133,134–6, 148, 162, 208–9, 320–1,343, 344, 350

not intended to be a permanentresidence, 10, 26, 45, 53, 56, 146

rent, 18, 26, 30, 54, 216, 226, 237,353, 354 n. 32

royal apartmentsking’s, 46–50, 55, 134, 148, 216,320, 321, 341, 353, 385

Prince Charles’s, 50, 136, 148, 320Prince Henry’s, 50, 58, 209, 235,261, 320, 335, 341

queen’s, 50, 55 n. 53, 132, 134, 208,216, 320, 321, 335, 350, 385, 387

secret staircase, 55, 172, 256water supply, 55 n. 51

Piazza Navona, flooding of, 68, 161,249, 258

royal householdBedchamber of the king, 126, 129,

134, 312, 313, 356below stairs, 127, 186 n. 89, 307, 315–16,

335, 338, 339, 341, 343, 359Chamber of the king, 126, 134,

312, 357doctors, 4, 125, 126, 313guards, 8, 216–18, 226, 317household of Prince Charles, 28, 31,

157–8, 161, 310–11, 363household of Prince Henry, 209, 262,

272, 311–12, 335, 337–9, 364household of the queen, 134, 137,

147, 156, 165, 167, 176, 183–4,187, 309, 361, 362

maggiordomo, 127 n. 33, 128, 129,134, 135, 148, 150, 315, 317,331, 332, 333, 334, 336 n. 10,336–7, 359

marriages, 122, 308nationalities of servants, 122, 127,

132, 158, 307, 308, 314, 342,352

recruitment, 133, 157, 318, 352, 367secretariat and ministry, 128, 131, 135,

138–40, 149–50, 152, 154, 157,159, 160, 161, 164, 242, 245, 257,259, 263–4, 313–14, 333, 336,340–1, 342, 344, 357, 358

Index 413






Rome, (cont.)servants of the queen, 132–4, 140–8,

149, 155, 156, 160, 165, 177servants not taken to Bologna, 177, 185size, 121–3, 126, 200, 208, 240,

307, 345stables, 127, 307, 315, 316, 338, 343,

359, 360Santi Apostoli, consecration of the

Church of, 71Society of Young Gentlemen Travellers

in, 291, 332Ronchi, Sir Joseph, 175 n. 4Rospigliosi, Clemente Domenico, principe,

67, 242, 252Rospigliosi family, 71Rossi, Antonio, 341, 356Rossi, Cardinal Ferdinando Maria de, 255,

259, 261, 263, 336, 358Rossi, Girolamo, 281Royal Academy of Music in London,

87–90, 92, 268Ruffo, Cardinal Tommaso, 175, 180,

205Ruspoli family, 60, 64, 71, 249Russel, James, 253, 304 n. 135Ryan, Roger, 196 n. 49, 316 n. 56, 361

Sabbatini, Father Bartolomeo, 343, 357Sacripanti, Cardinal Giuseppe, 31, 60, 64,

110, Fig. 8Saint-Aignan, Marie-Genevieve, duchesse

de, 247Saint-Aignan, Paul-Hyppolite de

Beauvilliers, duc de, 49 n. 32,224, 246–7, 248, 249, 250, 251,253, 255, 267, 268, 269, 271,288, 314, 329, 358

St Edward the Confessor’s cross andchain, 34

Saint-Germain-en-Layethe court of James III, 9, 52, 59, 62,

78–9, 86, 96, 110, 122, 145, 157,170, 177, 182, 195, 196 n. 44,205, 244–5, 246, 307, 309, 310,315–16, 318, 350, 352–3, 382,383, 384, 386 n. 24

the Jacobite community, 9, 137–9,167–9, 171, 185, 197, 203,296

Saint-Paul, Thomas, 126, 146, 193, 196,310 n. 21, 312, 336, 356

Salvatore, Angelo, 196 n. 49Salviati, Anna Maria, duchessa, 241, 251,

254, 258, 262

Salviati, Cardinal Alamanno, 35, 61, 66,179, 218, 242, 266

Salviati family, 61, 64, 68, 71, 110, 248Santobuono, Marino and Lavinia, principe

and principessa, 68, 241, 251,254, 258, 262, 267, 268

Sardi, contessa, 116 n. 89, 146, 279 n. 21Sarro, Domenico, 80, 87, 266, 268Sassenage, Ismidon-Rene, comte de, 152Scarlatti, Alessandro, 79, 81, 82, 83, 84,

250 n. 65Scarlatti, Domenico, 81Schulenburg, Graf von der, 285 n. 56Sconzani, Leonardo, 66 n. 31, 181 n. 47Scots College at Paris, 280, 281 n. 32Senesino, see BernardiShaw, Mrs, 362Sheldon, Dorothy, 144–5, 146, 149, 151,

153, 155, 156, 160, 163, 165,166, 167, 191, 192, 194–5 n. 42,204, 208 n. 116, 361, 363, 364,367

Sheldon, Ralph, 144, 145 n. 35Sheridan, John, 127, 177 n. 16, 185, 316,

360Sheridan, Thomas (later Sir Thomas), 128,

140, 142, 149, 157, 161, 163,167, 178, 191, 196, 203 n. 86,207, 222, 290, 310 n. 21, 310–11,334, 358, 363, 367, 371

Shield, Alice, 7, 353Silvestri/Silvestre, Louis de, 302, App. CSimms, Andrew, 177 n. 16, 316 n. 56, 361Simon, John, 278Slezor, Charles, 317, 319, 321, 328–32,

333, 366, 368Smibert, John, 103Smith, Ralph, 293 n. 84Sobieski, Prince James, 34, 117 n. 98, 119,

340Soccorsi, Giovanni Angelo, 45, 47, 49Sorello, Miguel, 283Southesk, James Carnegie, 5th Earl of, 111

n. 68, 124 n. 17, 125, 153, 165,169, 171, 200 n. 67, 290 n. 78,366, 377

Southesk, Margaret (nee Stuart), Countessof, 124, 153, 156, 164, 165, 166,169, 192, 200, 204

Specchi, Alessandro, 39 n. 6, 45, Fig. 2Spinazzi, Angelo, 384 n. 18Spinola, Cardinal Giorgio, 205, 267Staccoli, Lucrezia, 190Stafford, Edward, 311, 363, 368Stafford, John, 197 n. 54, 311

414 Index






Stafford, John Paul (later 4th Earl of), 197n. 54, 209, 311, 364, 366, 368

Stafford, Mary, 141, 197 n. 54Stafford, Theresa (nee Strickland),

141, 311Stern, Lodovico, 293, 297, App. CStewart, John, 158 n. 8, 178, 193, 196,

207, 310, 315, 321, 324, 328,329–32, 333, 359, 363, 367

Stormont, David Murray, 6th Viscount, 99n. 25, 323

Stosch, Baron Philipp von, 2, 8, 27, 72–4,76, 83, 125, 132 n. 56, 154, 161,166, 191, 208, 215–16, 218–19,224–5, 229, 241, 242–3, 246,247–8, 249, 252, 254, 257, 263,267, 323, 328, 332, 333, 379

Strathmore, Susan, Countess of, 252Strickland, Francis, 310, 311, 315, 333,

334, 359, 364, 365, 368Strozzi, Lorenzo Francesco and Teresa,

duca and duchessa, 242, 248,254, 258, 262

Stuardo, Giacomo Origo, called, 378Stuart, Father William, 6 n. 32Stuart, John Roy, 349, 351Subleyras, Pierre, 249, 287, 295, 376

Tallow, James Daniel O’Bryen, Viscount(later 2nd Jacobite Earl ofLismore), 340 n. 39

Tei, Loreto, 360Telli, Veronica (nee Stern), 297–9, 301,

App. CTencin, abbe later Cardinal Pierre de, 19,

21, 26, 34, 64, 69, 70, 224, 225,227, 229, 231, 256–7, 314, 333,358

Tencin, Alexandrine de, 19Terradellas, Domenec, 270 n. 31, 271Terry, James, 386 n. 24Testa Piccolomini family, 254Thistle, Order of the, 29, 52, 67, 107, 166,

278, 286, 288, 289, 293, 296,301, 370 n. 11, 381

Tiepoli, Pasqualino, 79, 80Toboso, Order of, 12, 324, 328, 331, 333Tomson, Mrs, 356, 362Tosi, Angelo Michele, 180 n. 39Townley, John, 312, 364, 368Trevisani, Francesco, 7, 82 n. 25, 88,

97 n. 9, n. 12, 99 n. 25, 108, 282,304, 376, 377, App. C

Turner, Mary Anne, see HusseyTurner, William, 284, 308, 311, 365, 367

Twisden, Sir Thomas, 328

Urbani, Orsola, 286 n. 65Urbino, the court of James III, 9, 18, 66,

80, 96, 122–3, 127, 129–30,138, 145, 159, 217 n. 25, 219,244, 307–9, 323, 350, 352,387

Urquhart, Adam, 349, 351Urquhart of Cromarty, John, 279Ursins, Anne-Marie (nee de la Tremoille),

principessa Orsini, contessa dellaTorre, called princesse des, 62n. 6, 63, 64, 65, 67, 73, 110, 245,Fig. 8

Vaini, Girolamo, principe, 248Valenti Gonzaga, Cardinal Silvio, 263,

336, 358Valesio, Francesco, 74, 217 n. 24, 220Valle, Filippo della, 219 n. 40, 376Van Loo, Louis-Michel, 370 n. 10Vezzosi, Anna, 121 n. 3Vezzosi, Michele, 121 n. 3, 133, 157 n. 7,

163, 196, 308, 310 n. 21, 362,363

Vezzosi, see LindsayVillefranche, Jean-Dominique de Tulle,

marquis de, 193, 320Vinci, Leonardo, 84, 86, 87, 88, 90, 93, 94,

250 n. 65, 265, 266, 275 n. 61Vinciguerra, abbate, 254Vintimille, Charles Gaspard de

(Archbishop of Paris), 220 n. 48Vittori, Benedetto, 190 n. 3Vivaldi, Antonio, 11, 74, 81, 84, 85–7,

89, 95Viviani, conte, 338 n. 20

Wagstaffe, Revd Thomas, 313, 319, 321,342, 345, 350, 351, 357, 368

Walpole, Sir Robert, 23, 32Waters, John, 282Watkins, William, 177 n. 17, 185 n. 76,

359, 367Watson, Robert, 200, 366Weber, Katherine (nee Kloppelin), 121 n.

3, 122 n. 8Weber, Joseph, 121 n. 3, 122 n. 8, 362Wharton, Philip, 2nd Marquess and 1st

Duke of (Jacobite Duke ofNorthumberland), 369

Wille, Jean-Georges, 293William III, King of England, Scotland and

Ireland, 348

Index 415






Williams, Revd Daniel, 4 n. 15, 313, 325,357, 367

Windell, Edward, 318Winton, George Seton, 5th Earl of, 111

n. 68, 125, 163 n. 42, 304, 317,321, 327, 328–32, 341 n. 44, 366,377

Wogan, Nicholas, 170

Wogan, Sir Charles, 142, 143–5, 279 n. 15,280, 371 n. 13

Wolfgang, Georg Andreas, 117 n. 98Wright, Dr Robert, 4 n. 16, 127, 196 n. 47,

200, 313, 319, 342, 357, 363, 367

York, Edward, (Hanoverian) Duke of, 239Younger, Revd Richard, 328

416 Index




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