the structure & dynamics of local governments in usa
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The Structure & Dynamics Of Local Governments In USA. Team Members Abdul Qayyum Haisum Rasool Muhammad Ali Shah Muhammad Sheraz Rafique. Some Facts. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Structure
& Dynamics Of Local
Governments In USA
Team MembersAbdul QayyumHaisum Rasool
Muhammad Ali ShahMuhammad Sheraz
Rafique
Some Facts• USA have 2 levels of government above the local
level- Government of 50 states- Federal National Government via Constitution of United States
• Typically each state has two separate tiers:- Counties- Municipalities
• Some states have further division of Counties into Townships
• This division is based on & reflects the population density
• There are special purpose local governments as well
• 10th amendment to the US Constitution makes local government under state rather than federal government
Just two more facts
FYILocal government in
the United States originated in the colonial period
1) County Governments2) Town or Township Governments3) Municipal Governments4) Special-Purpose Local Governments
Categories of Local Government in USA
FYIIn India, they have only
two:Panchayats & Municipalities
Backed by State Constitution & Statutes
All states are divided into counties for administrative purposes
Areas and cities withoutCounties operate under aMunicipal Government
County Governments
Backed by constitution & statutes of 20 states
Generally based on geographical subdivision of a county
For a defined area Also formed merely because of
historical circumstances
Township Governments
• Backed by states constitution & statutes
• Provides general government for a defined area
• Generally corresponding to apopulation center of a county
• May be very small or very large or for 38
residents of Village of Lazy Lake, Florida
FYIFor 8 million
people of New York City
Municipal Governments
SCHOOL DISTRICTS
Provides public elementary, secondary, and/or higher education
Have sufficient administrative & fiscal autonomy
SPECIAL DISTRICTSAuthorized by state
to provide only one or a limited number of designated functions
“Districts”, “Boards”, “Commissions”, etc.
Maybe for an interstate compact also, serving areas of multiple states
Special-Purpose Local Governments
Some Examples of Individual States
CountiesCitiesTowns VillagesSeparate entities for Schools
& Fire Districts
Selected by the residents & approved by the state; not
by the population or
area.
NEW YORK STATE
FYIIn total, the
state has over 4,200 local
governments
Can make ordinances (local laws)58 CountiesOnly ONE Municipal Entity called
“City”Never had Villages & TownshipsThousands of Special Districts local
governments
CALIFORNIA
REVENUEℓ Taxesℓ Directly from federal
governmentℓ Insurance Trustℓ Loansℓ Charges from higher
education institutions & hospitals
Local Government’s Financial DynamicsEXPENDITURE
ℓ Educationℓ Utilityℓ Police & Fire
Departmentℓ Interest on debt
County Government
s
Township Government
s
Municipal Government
s
Special-Purpose
Local Government
s
Summary of LG setup in
USAFinancial Dynamics
MINUTE DETAIL SCANNERLet’s test your ability of
concentrating during lecture.
ACTIVITY TIME
Growing old is inevitable; growing up is optional.
THANK YOU!