the strengthening of export competitiveness through the

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Jin-Sup Jung, Kyungil Khoe / International Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business 9-3(2018) 31-43 31 Print ISSN: 2233-4165 / Online ISSN: 2233-5382 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.13106/ijidb.2018.vol9.no3.31. The Strengthening of Export Competitiveness through the 6th Agriculture Industrialization and the 4th Industrial Revolution 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช… ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋†์—…์˜ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์™€ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ถœ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™” Jin-Sup Jung(์ •์ง„์„ญ) * , Kyungil Khoe(๊ณ ๊ฒฝ์ผ) ** Received: January 21, 2018. Revised: March 1, 2018. Accepted: March 15, 2018. Abstract Purpose โ€“ With the technology of the 4th industrial revolution, business models of agricultural sector are changing rapidly toward convergence and high value-added business models due to the 6th industrialization of agricultural. Our goals is to examine the 6th industrialization of agriculture, and then to apply the technology of the 4th industrial revolution to the 6th industrialization of agriculture, suggesting the possibility of future agriculture, and then linking the export competitiveness of agricultural products. Research design, data, and methodology โ€“ As the methodology, case studies and empirical analyzes were conducted as well as literature studies. The case analyses included tomatoes, pig breeding farms, and an empirical analysis was conducted using the AHP analysis by experts of the 6th industrialization. In addition, using 124 survey data, this study examined and analyzed the items of the 4th industrial revolution technology for the 6th industrialization of agriculture and the strengthening of export competitiveness. Results - Results showed that the technology of the 4th Industrial Revolution helped "6th industrialization of agriculture" and "the strengthening of export competitiveness" using two successful cases. The AHP analysis was also carried out, and it was found that the improvement of the technology in the 4th industrial revolution could contribute to the future industrialization as well as the 6th industrialization of agriculture. First of all, we looked many conditions were important and urgent. Among the technologies of the 4th industrial revolution, the mobile, big data were important. Moreover, it was recognized that linkage and convergence related efforts would greatly contribute to strengthening export competitiveness of agriculture such as price and quality competitiveness. Conclusions โ€“ The 4th industrial revolution such as hyper-connectivity, hyper-intelligence and hyper-predictability contribute greatly to the 6th industrialization of agriculture, and therefore it is essential to improve the competitiveness of the agricultural sector by using the technology of the 4th industrial revolution. In particular, based on analyses of the diamond model, the "demand conditions" was the most important factor for the activation of the 6th Industrialization, and then "related and supporting fields", "factor conditions" and "business context" were followed in order. The results of this study can be useful for policy, practical and academic sectors. Keywords: 4th Industrial Revolution, 6th Industrialization of Agriculture, Export Competitiveness, AHP. JEL Classifications: Q13, Q16, Q17. * First Author, Professor, The School of International Business, Chungbuk National University, Korea. Tel: +82-43-261-2340, E-mail: [email protected] ** Corresponding Author, Professor, Division of Business and Commerce, Baekseok University, Korea. Tel: +82-41-550-2474, E-mail: [email protected] 1. ์„œ๋ก  ์ตœ๊ทผ 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช… ์ด์Šˆ๊ฐ€ ๋œจ๊ฒ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ์•„์˜ค๋ฅด๋ฉด์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์‚ฐ ์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ๋‚˜ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ๋„ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ ๊ทน์  ๋Œ€์‘์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฌํƒ€ ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๊ณต์œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋“ฑ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ฐฉ์‹(Joo, 2015), ๊ธฐ์—… ์ง€๋ฐฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”(Rahman, 2017)์™€ ๋” ๋ถˆ์–ด, ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋งŽ์€ ์šฐ๋ ค์˜

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Jin-Sup Jung, Kyungil Khoe / International Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business 9-3(2018) 31-43 31

Print ISSN: 2233-4165 / Online ISSN: 2233-5382 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.13106/ijidb.2018.vol9.no3.31.

The Strengthening of Export Competitiveness through the 6th Agriculture

Industrialization and the 4th Industrial Revolution

4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช… ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋†์—…์˜ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์™€ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ถœ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™”

Jin-Sup Jung(์ •์ง„์„ญ)*, Kyungil Khoe(๊ณ ๊ฒฝ์ผ)**

Received: January 21, 2018. Revised: March 1, 2018. Accepted: March 15, 2018.

Abstract

Purpose โ€“ With the technology of the 4th industrial revolution, business models of agricultural sector are changing rapidly

toward convergence and high value-added business models due to the 6th industrialization of agricultural. Our goals is to

examine the 6th industrialization of agriculture, and then to apply the technology of the 4th industrial revolution to the 6th

industrialization of agriculture, suggesting the possibility of future agriculture, and then linking the export competitiveness of

agricultural products.

Research design, data, and methodology โ€“ As the methodology, case studies and empirical analyzes were conducted as

well as literature studies. The case analyses included tomatoes, pig breeding farms, and an empirical analysis was

conducted using the AHP analysis by experts of the 6th industrialization. In addition, using 124 survey data, this study

examined and analyzed the items of the 4th industrial revolution technology for the 6th industrialization of agriculture and the

strengthening of export competitiveness.

Results - Results showed that the technology of the 4th Industrial Revolution helped "6th industrialization of agriculture" and

"the strengthening of export competitiveness" using two successful cases. The AHP analysis was also carried out, and it

was found that the improvement of the technology in the 4th industrial revolution could contribute to the future

industrialization as well as the 6th industrialization of agriculture. First of all, we looked many conditions were important and

urgent. Among the technologies of the 4th industrial revolution, the mobile, big data were important. Moreover, it was

recognized that linkage and convergence related efforts would greatly contribute to strengthening export competitiveness of

agriculture such as price and quality competitiveness.

Conclusions โ€“ The 4th industrial revolution such as hyper-connectivity, hyper-intelligence and hyper-predictability contribute

greatly to the 6th industrialization of agriculture, and therefore it is essential to improve the competitiveness of the

agricultural sector by using the technology of the 4th industrial revolution. In particular, based on analyses of the diamond

model, the "demand conditions" was the most important factor for the activation of the 6th Industrialization, and then "related

and supporting fields", "factor conditions" and "business context" were followed in order. The results of this study can be

useful for policy, practical and academic sectors.

Keywords: 4th Industrial Revolution, 6th Industrialization of Agriculture, Export Competitiveness, AHP.

JEL Classifications: Q13, Q16, Q17.

* First Author, Professor, The School of International Business,

Chungbuk National University, Korea.

Tel: +82-43-261-2340, E-mail: [email protected]

** Corresponding Author, Professor, Division of Business and

Commerce, Baekseok University, Korea.

Tel: +82-41-550-2474, E-mail: [email protected]

1. ์„œ๋ก 

์ตœ๊ทผ 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช… ์ด์Šˆ๊ฐ€ ๋œจ๊ฒ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ์•„์˜ค๋ฅด๋ฉด์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์‚ฐ

์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ๋‚˜ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ๋„ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ ๊ทน์  ๋Œ€์‘์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š”

์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฌํƒ€ ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๊ณต์œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋“ฑ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฝ์ œ

๋ฐฉ์‹(Joo, 2015), ๊ธฐ์—… ์ง€๋ฐฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”(Rahman, 2017)์™€ ๋”

๋ถˆ์–ด, ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋งŽ์€ ์šฐ๋ ค์˜

Jin-Sup Jung, Kyungil Khoe / International Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business 9-3(2018) 31-4332

๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์Šค์œ„์Šค์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€์€ํ–‰ UBS๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ

๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์—์„œ, ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ 139๊ฐœ๊ตญ ์ค‘ ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ โ€˜4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช… ์ ์‘์ค€

๋น„ 25์œ„โ€™์ธ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆœ์œ„๋กœ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1์œ„๋Š” ์Šค์œ„์Šค, 2์œ„

๋Š” ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด, 3์œ„๋Š” ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด์–ด ํ•€๋ž€๋“œ(4์œ„), ๋ฏธ๊ตญ(5

์œ„), ์˜๊ตญ(6์œ„), ํ™์ฝฉ(7์œ„), ๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด(8์œ„), ๋ด๋งˆํฌ(9์œ„), ๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ

๋“œ(10์œ„)๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. IT ๊ฐ•๊ตญ์ธ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ด ์™œ 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์—์„œ

๋Š” ๋’ค๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ?

ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋†์—…์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—…์ด๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์—ด์•…ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ

๋„ ์šฐ๋ ค๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์ธ๋ฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋†์—…์„ ์—…๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” 6์ฐจ

์‚ฐ์—…ํ™” ์šด๋™์€ ์ผ๋ณธ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ ํ•œ๏ฝฅ์ค‘๏ฝฅ์ผ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •

๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒํ™”์™€ ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์˜ ์ง„์ „, ์–‘๊ทนํ™”

์˜ ์‹ฌํ™” ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋†์—…์ด ์นจ์ฒด์˜ ๊ธธ๋กœ ์ ‘์–ด๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด(Sung

& Woo, 2017), ์‹ํ’ˆ์†Œ๋น„ํŒจํ„ด์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ๊ท€๋†์ž์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๏ฝฅ์ƒ

ํƒœ๏ฝฅ์น˜์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ ๊ณ ์กฐ ๋“ฑ ๊ธ์ •์  ์—ฌ๊ฑด๋„ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๊ณ 

์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ, ๋†์—…์€ 1์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ ํŠน์‚ฐํ’ˆ ๊ฐ€

๊ณต, ์ง์ ‘ ํŒ๋งค, ๋„๋†๊ต๋ฅ˜, ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ข… ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ

๊ณต ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ 2์ฐจ์™€ 3์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ํ™•

์‚ฐ์„ ๊พ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(KREI, 2013).

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋จผ์ € ๋†์—…์˜ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด

๋ฅผ ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์— ์ ‘๋ชฉ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…

ํ˜๋ช…์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท(IoT), ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ(Cloud), ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ(Big

Data), ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ, ๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ, ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ(AI), ๋กœ๋ด‡, ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค ๋“ฑ ์ฒจ

๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋†์—… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์ ‘๋ชฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ,

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๋†์—…๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ถœ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๊นŒ์ง€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ

๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€, ๊ทธ ์ „๋žต์  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ๋Š” ์ฃผ์š”

์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ธ โ€˜๋†์—…์˜ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”โ€™์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋†์—…

์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€

๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŠน

๋ณ„ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—…์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋งŽ์€ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ด ๋†์—…์— ์ข…์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ 

์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋†์—…์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์€ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ •

๋ถ€ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฑ…์ž„์ง€๋Š” ์ค‘์•™์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ,

๋†์—…์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธด์š”ํ•œ ์ด์Šˆ์ด๋‹ค. ๋†์—…์˜ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…

ํ™” ๊ฐœ๋…์€ 1994๋…„ ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ํ˜„ JA์ข…ํ•ฉ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ ์†Œ์žฅ์ธ ์ด๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ผ

๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ค๋ฏธ(ไปŠๆ‘ๅฅˆ่‰ฏ่‡ฃ, Imamura Nanaomi)์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ

์ œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๋†์—…์€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ(1์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…)๋งŒ์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•ด

์™”์ง€๋งŒ 1์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์น˜ ์ฐฝ์ถœ์ด ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ

์‹ํ’ˆ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋†์‚ฐ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์‹ํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ณต(2์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…)๋ฟ

์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋†์‚ฐ๋ฌผ ์œ ํ†ต๊ณผ ๋†์—…๏ฝฅ๋†์ดŒ์— ๊ด€๊ณ„๋œ ์ •๋ณด๏ฝฅ์„œ๋น„์Šค๏ฝฅ๊ด€๊ด‘

(3์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…)๊นŒ์ง€ ๋†์—…๋ถ€๋ฌธ์ด ๊ด€์—ฌํ•ด์„œ, โ€˜๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋†์—…๋ถ„์•ผ๋กœ ๋˜์ฐพ

์•„ ์˜ค์žโ€™๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋†์—…์˜ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๊ฐ€ โ€˜์ˆ˜์š” ์ฐฝ์ถœ

ํ˜•์˜ ํ˜์‹ โ€™์„ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, 2์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…, 3์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…

์œผ๋กœ ์ „๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋˜์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ํ•œ์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ

โ€˜ํ˜์‹ โ€™์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ์‹œ์žฅ, ์‹ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ 6์ฐจ

์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

๋‘˜์งธ๋Š” ์œ„์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ โ€˜๋†์—…์˜ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”โ€™๋ฅผ โ€˜4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…โ€™,

โ€˜๋†์—…์˜ ์ˆ˜์ถœ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ํ™•๋ณดโ€™์™€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์€

โ€˜๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํ˜๋ช…(3์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…)์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„, ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ

์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํฌ์„๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์œตํ•ฉ์˜ ์‹œ

๋Œ€โ€™๋กœ ์ •์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด์ œ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(Cyber-Physical

System), ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท(IoT), ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ, ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ, ๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ ๋“ฑ์— ๊ธฐ

๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‘” ์ œ4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์ด ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ๋†์—… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—๋„ ์ ์šฉ๋˜์–ด

์•ผ ํ•จ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด๋‹ค(Choi, Choi, Lee, Yoon, Lee, & Yu, 2017).

4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€

ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋†์—…๋ฐฉ์‹์— IT(์ •

๋ณดํ†ต์‹ )๏ฝฅBT(๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค)๏ฝฅET(ํ™˜๊ฒฝ)๏ฝฅNT(๋‚˜๋…ธ) ๋“ฑ ์œตํ•ฉ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ ‘๋ชฉํ•˜

์—ฌ ๊ณ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค(Kim, Gouk, Kim, Lee, Kim,

Kim, Min, Jee, & Shim, 2013). ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜

์—ฌ ๋†์—… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋„ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์—…๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

ํŠนํžˆ, ๊ณต์—…๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒฉํ† ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋น„๊ต๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋†์—…๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜

์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ๋†์žฅ(Smart Farm)์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€

์ •์ฑ…์  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ์„œ ๋†์—…์˜

์ˆ˜์ถœ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๋žต๋„ ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ,

ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ, ์ƒํ’ˆ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํ™๋ณด, ์œ ํ†ต ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์—…๊ทธ

๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ถœ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ

๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์…‹์งธ๋Š” 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋†์—…์˜ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”

์— ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋‹ค

์–‘ํ•œ๋ฐ, ํŠนํžˆ, ๋†์—…์˜ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์— ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž˜ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€

๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ , ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ๋Š” ๋ชจํ˜•

์„ค์ •๊ณผ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„ ๋“ฑ ๊ณผํ•™์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์ 

๋„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„์€ ๋จผ์ € ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋†

์—…์˜ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” AHP ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜

๊ณ , ์ด์–ด โ€˜4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ โ€™, โ€˜๋†์—…์˜ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”โ€™, โ€˜๋†์—…์˜ ์ˆ˜

์ถœ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒโ€™์„ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ ์„œ๋ฒ ์ด(Survey)๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜

๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋ฐ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ

์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ์ „๋žต์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ •์ฑ…์ ๏ฝฅ์‹ค๋ฌด

์ ๏ฝฅํ•™๋ฌธ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜ ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ 

๋„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ดํ›„, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 2์žฅ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์—

์„œ๋Š” 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…, ๋†์—…์˜ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”, ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋†์—…ํ˜„ํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๋†

์—…์˜ ์ˆ˜์ถœ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ,

3์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช… ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋†์—…์˜ 6์ฐจ ์‚ฐ

์—…ํ™”์— ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ 4์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„

์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ๋’ค, ๋์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ, ์ „

๋žต์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ , ํ•œ๊ณ„์  ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

2. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ

2.1. 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…

18์„ธ๊ธฐ, 1์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„

๊ฐ€ ์ œ์กฐ์—…์— ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์„ฌ์œ 

๊ณต์—…์ด ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์–ด 19์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋ง, 2์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…

์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์ „๊ธฐ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ž๋™ํ™” ์ƒ์‚ฐ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ

์—ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ณต์žฅ์— ์ „๋ ฅ์ด ๋ณด๊ธ‰๋˜์–ด ์ปจ๋ฒ ์ด์–ด ๋ฒจํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ

๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋ณด๊ธ‰์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. 20์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ค‘์—ฝ ์ดํ›„, 3์ฐจ ์‚ฐ

์—…์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ œํ’ˆ์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ์œผ

๋กœ ์ •๋ณดํ™” ์‹œ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท๊ณผ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํ˜๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ

๊ตญ ์ฃผ๋„์˜ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ IT๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๋ถ€์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋“œ๋””์–ด 21์„ธ๊ธฐ์ธ ์ตœ๊ทผ

์—๋Š” 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท, ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ,

๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ, ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ, ์˜จ๋””๋งจ๋“œ(on-demand) ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ

์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, IoT, CPS, ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ

๋งŒ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ดˆ์ง€๋Šฅ์˜ ํ˜๋ช…์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์„œ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ, ๊ณต๊ฐ„

์„ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ , ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒฉํ† ๋ฆฌ, ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋“ฑ ์ดˆ

์ง€๋Šฅํ™”์™€ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์œตํ•ฉ(convergence)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฐ์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒ

์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

WEF(2016)๋Š” 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์ด ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ธ๊ตฌ, ์‚ฌํšŒ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ

Jin-Sup Jung, Kyungil Khoe / International Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business 9-3(2018) 31-43 33

์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ โ€˜์ž‘์—…ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๋…ธ๋™ ์œ ์—ฐํ™”(44%)โ€™, โ€˜์‹ ํฅ์‹œ์žฅ ์ค‘

์‚ฐ์ธต์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ(23%)โ€™, โ€˜๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”, ์ž์—ฐ์ž์›์˜ ์ œ์•ฝ๊ณผ ๋…น์ƒ‰๊ฒฝ์ œ๋กœ

์˜ ์ดํ–‰(23%)โ€™, โ€˜์ง€์ •ํ•™์  ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€(21%)โ€™ ๋“ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ์ˆœ์œ„

๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์ด ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ธฐ

์ˆ ์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท๊ณผ ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ (34%), ์ปดํ“จ

ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€(26%), ์‹ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๊ณผ ๊ธฐ

์ˆ (22%), ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท(14%), ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์†Œ์‹ฑ, ๊ณต์œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€ ๊ฐœ์ธ

๊ฐ„(P2P) ํ”Œ๋žซํผ(12%)์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ˜„์žฌ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ๊ฐ€? ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ œ์กฐ์—… ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์‚ฐ์—…

๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์ด ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๋„๊ตญ์˜ ์ œ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ICT์˜ ์œตํ•ฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ

์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ œํ’ˆ ๋ฐ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๋’ค์ณ์งˆ ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์‹ค๋กœ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ

๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„ 5๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™”๋œ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์žฌํŽธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ

๋ฉด, ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฐ ์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ITํ˜๋ช…์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

ํ•œ 3์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช… ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋น ๋ฅธ ์ถ”๊ฒฉ์ž(Fast-follower) ์ „๋žต์„ ์„ฑ

๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ

๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ ๋“ฑ ๊ฐœ๋„๊ตญ์˜ ์ถ”๊ฒฉ, ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ

์„ ์ง„๊ตญ ํ—ˆ๋ธŒ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋…๊ณผ์ ์  ํ™•์žฅ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

ํŠนํžˆ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋†์—…๋ถ€๋ฌธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ๊ฑฐ์„ผ ๋„์ „๊ณผ ๊ธฐํšŒ

์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋†์—…๋ถ€๋ฌธ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„

๋‘๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ(Hyper-connected)๊ณผ ์ดˆ์ง€๋Šฅ์„ฑ(Hyper-

intelligent)์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋˜๋Š” 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ๋„๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋†์—…์˜ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ

์—…ํ™”์™€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ทธ ์ „๋žต์  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

2.2. ๋†์—…์˜ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”: 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช… ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ

์•ž์—์„œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, ๋†์—…์˜ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”(6th industrialization

of agriculture) ๊ฐœ๋…์€ 1994๋…„ ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ์ด๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ผ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ค๋ฏธ์— ์˜

ํ•ด์„œ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ณธ์€ ๋†์—…๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€์†

์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์„ฑ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค

์ž ์ด๋ฅผ ์ ๊ทน ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋†์ดŒ์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋‚€ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผ

์ค‘๊ตญ๋„ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๊ณ ์กฐ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 3๊ตญ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ

์›€์ง์ž„๋„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋†๋ฆผ์ถ•์‚ฐ์‹ํ’ˆ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋†์—…์˜ 6

์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๋ฅผ, โ€˜๋†์ดŒ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ๏ฝฅ๋ฌดํ˜•์˜ ์ž์›์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋†

์—…๊ณผ ์‹ํ’ˆ, ํŠน์‚ฐํ’ˆ ์ œ์กฐ๏ฝฅ๊ฐ€๊ณต(2์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…) ๋ฐ ์œ ํ†ต๏ฝฅํŒ๋งค, ๋ฌธํ™”๏ฝฅ์ฒด

ํ—˜๏ฝฅ๊ด€๊ด‘ ์„œ๋น„์Šค(3์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…) ๋“ฑ์„ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์น˜

๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ํ™œ๋™โ€™์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ , 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์— ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ

์šธ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๋ž€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋†์‚ฐ๋ฌผ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด ๋˜๋Š”

1์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ, ๋†์‚ฐ๋ฌผ ๊ฐ€๊ณต์ด๋‚˜ ์‹ํ’ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋“ฑ ์ œ์กฐ๏ฝฅ๊ฐ€๊ณต์„ ํ•˜

๋Š” 2์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…, ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๋กœ์ปฌํ‘ธ๋“œ, ๊ด€๊ด‘์ฒดํ—˜, ๊ต์œก์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋“ฑ ์œ ํ†ต,

๊ต์œก, ๊ด€๊ด‘, ์ฒดํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๋Š” 3์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์—…์ด ํ™•์žฅ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด

๋‹ค(Kim, 2012). ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ โ€˜1์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—… + 2์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—… + 3์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—… ๏ผ 6

์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…โ€™์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์‚ฐ์—… ๊ฐ„์˜ ์œ ๊ธฐ์  ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๋ฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์—ฐ

๊ฒฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹œ๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•ด ๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ

์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜๋Š” ์œต๏ฝฅ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์‚ฐ์—…์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, 1์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…์ด ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด ๋˜

๋ฉฐ, โ€˜1์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—… ร— 2์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—… ร— 3์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…๏ผ6์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…โ€™์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์ธ ๊ฒƒ

์ด๋‹ค. 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๋Š” ๋†์—…์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฐฝ์ถœ๋œ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๋‹ค. ์ด

๋Š” ๋†์ดŒ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ํŠนํ™”์‚ฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ

๋ผ, ๊ฐ€๊ณต์ œ์กฐ์—์„œ ์ฒดํ—˜๊ต์œก, ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์œ ํ†ต, ํŒ๋งค๊นŒ์ง€ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋Š”

๊ฐœ๋…์ด๊ณ , ์œต๏ฝฅ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์‚ฐ์—…์ด๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ๋Š” 6์ฐจ

์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๋ฅผ โ€˜๋†์žฅ ๋‹ค๊ฐํ™”(farm diversification)โ€™๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋ฉฐ, โ€˜๋†์žฅ์ž

์›์˜ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ์น˜์™€ ์žฌ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด, ๋†์žฅ์—์„œ(on the farm or ranch)

์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ™˜๊ธˆ ํ’ˆ๋ชฉ(new unconventional crops/animal)์˜ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ๏ฝฅ

์‚ฌ์œก ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„๋†์—…๋ถ„์•ผ(non-agricultural) ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒโ€™์œผ

๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Ilbery, 1991).

6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์˜ ํŠน์ง•์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ๋†์—… ์ง€ํ–ฅ์ 

์ด๋‹ค. 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๋ž€ 1์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…์ด๋‹ค. 1

์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์—†์ด ๋†์—…์˜ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ๋ 

์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” 1์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ ,

์ง€์—ญ๋†์—…์„ ์œก์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ๋œปํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„์ž ์‹œ์žฅ์ง€ํ–ฅ์ 

์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜

๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์— ๋งž์•„์•ผ ์„ฑ๊ณต ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด

ํฌ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ๋Š” ํ˜‘์—…์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ๋ฐ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜

๋‹ค. 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ 1์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…์ธ ๋†์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด ํ•„

์š”ํ•˜๊ณ , 2์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…์ธ ์ œ์กฐ๏ฝฅ๊ฐ€๊ณต๋„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, 3์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…์ธ ์œ ํ†ต๏ฝฅ

ํŒ๋งค, ์ฒดํ—˜๊ด€๊ด‘ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์‚ฌ์—…๋„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ 1์ฐจ, 2

์ฐจ, 3์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…์€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ ์˜์—ญ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ

์‚ฐ์—…๊ฐ„ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ์„ฑ๊ณต ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํฌ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ

๋กœ๋Š” 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์˜์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ 1์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๋Š” ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ

์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ผ๋“ค์ด ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์˜๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ

ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, CEO ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ „๋žต์  ์ œํœด ๋˜๋Š”

๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ICT ๊ธฐ

์ˆ  ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋„์ž…์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๊ณ ๋„ํ™” ์ถ”์ง„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰

ํ™”, ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™”, ๊ฐ๊ด€ํ™”, ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๋†’์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฏ€

๋กœ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์ƒํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์„ฑ์„ ๋†’

์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์— ์ •๋ณดํ†ต์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ (ICT)์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ• 

์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ตด๊ณผ ์ ์šฉ์— ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„

๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ตœ๊ทผ IoT, ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋“ฑ 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์˜

๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋†์—…๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—๋„ ์ ๊ทน ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค

(Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, 2013).

ํ•œํŽธ, 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๋Š” ์ถ”์ง„ ์ฃผ์ฒด์™€ ์‚ฌ์—…์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ

๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋†์—… ๋ฐ ๋†์ดŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ํ™•๋ณด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๊ฐ€

๊ฐ€์น˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™” ์ •์ฑ…์ด ์‹œํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,

๋งŽ์€ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์˜ ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ 

์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋†์ดŒ์ง„ํฅ์ฒญ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์˜

์œ ํ˜•์ธ๋ฐ, ๊ฐ ์‚ฐ์—… ์ฃผ์ฒด์˜ ์ˆ˜์ž…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์ด๋ฉฐ, ์„ธ๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ์ค€์€

<Table 1>๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ, 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ

ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ? ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช… ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜

ํŠน์ง•์ธ โ€˜์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ,โ€™ โ€˜์ดˆ์ง€๋Šฅ์„ฑ,โ€™ โ€˜์ดˆ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ฑโ€™์ด 1์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณผ 2์ฐจ ์‚ฐ

์—… ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  3์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ(linkage)ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œตํ•ฉ(convergence)ํ•˜

์—ฌ, ํ˜์‹ (innovation)์„ ์ผ์œผ์ผœ์„œ, ์ตœ์ข… ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์—…๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œํ•˜๋Š”

๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํŒœ

์€ ICT์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ โ€˜์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑโ€™์— โ€˜์ดˆ์ง€๋Šฅ

์„ฑ,โ€™ โ€˜์ดˆ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ฑโ€™์ด ๋”ํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ณผ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ

์‚ฐ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์—์„œ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ 1์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…์„ 2์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…

๋ฐ 3์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, 1์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜

๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋†๋ถ€์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋”๊ตฌ๋‚˜ 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…

ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ ‘๋ชฉ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งŒ๋งŒ์น˜ ์•Š๋‹ค. ๋ณดํ†ต ๋†๋ฏผ๋“ค์€

๋Š˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ณ , ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ•™์Šตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด

๋งŽ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋จผ์ € ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•œ ์„ 

๋„์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๊ณต ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์—

๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ, ์ดˆ์ง€๋Šฅ์„ฑ, ์ดˆ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ฑ, ์ดˆ์ž์œจ์„ฑ, ์ดˆ์œตํ•ฉ์„ฑ

๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ โ€˜์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ

(hyper-connectivity)โ€™๊ณผ โ€˜์ดˆ์ง€๋Šฅ์„ฑ(hyper-intelligence)โ€™์„ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…

ํ™”์˜ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค์™€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋ฉด <Figure 1>๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

Jin-Sup Jung, Kyungil Khoe / International Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business 9-3(2018) 31-4334

<Table 1> Types of 6th industrialization based on the income of each industrial entity

Type Characteristics

Primary

industry-

oriented

Production

-oriented

The rate of primary products sales is high.

Production is the core of the industry, and processing is a supplementary industry.

The most important part of this industry is revitalizing production using secondary and tertiary industry.

Secondary

industry-

oriented

Processing

-oriented

The rate of secondary products sales is high.

The development of processed product reflecting consumerโ€™s needs is the core of the industry.

It is important to secure various markets using internet and offline markets.

Tertiary

industry-

oriented

Food

service-

oriented

The rate of food sales is high.

Production, processing and food service are carried out simultaneously.

It is important to use storytelling in food ingredients, tastes and sincerity.

Tourism

experience

-oriented

The rate of sales from entrance fee and experience program is high.

Participation of consumers in production and processing is the core of the industry.

It is important to connect various physical and spiritual resources of the region.

Distribution

-oriented

The rate of sales and distribution is high.

It is important to build a spatial connection system for distribution and the capability of operating store like

local food markets.

Healing-

oriented

The rate of consumers who have the purpose for treatment of disease and healing services program is high.

A combination strategy is important for cultivation of medicated and functional agricultural products.

It should strengthen specialties like gardening and mentally and physically integrate treatment.

Source: Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (2013).

<Figure 1> Linkage between the 4th industrial revolution and the

6th industrialization of agriculture

2.3. ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋†์—…ํ˜„ํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๋†์—…์˜ ์ˆ˜์ถœ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ 2004๋…„ ํ•œ๏ฝฅ์น ๋ ˆ FTA๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด 54๊ฐœ

๊ตญ๊ณผ FTA ์ฒด๊ฒฐ, ๋†์‚ฐ๋ฌผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋งž์ดํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ FTA ์ฒด๊ฒฐ๊ตญ

๊ณผ์˜ ๋†์‚ฐ๋ฌผ ๋ฌด์—ญ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  2011๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š”

๋น„๊ต์  ์•ˆ์ •์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋†์‚ฐ๋ฌผ ์ˆ˜์ž…์•ก์€ 2004~2010๋…„

์—ฐํ‰๊ท  8.4% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ 2011๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•ฝ 307์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ

์ฆ๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ถ•์‚ฐ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ณผ์ผ์ด ์ „์ฒด ๋†์‚ฐ๋ฌผ ์ˆ˜์ž… ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ

๊ฒฌ์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์ถœ์•ก์€ ์ˆ˜์ž…์•ก์˜ 20% ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋‹ค(Jee,

Lee, Lee, & Yoo, 2016)(<Figure 2> ์ฐธ์กฐ). ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—

์„œ ๋†์‚ฐํ’ˆ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ถœ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ

์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ๋†๊ฐ€์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ๋†์ง€๋ฉด

์ ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋†์—…์ƒ์‚ฐ๋น„๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋†๊ฐ€

์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ, 65์„ธ ์ด์ƒ ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋†์—… ์ธ๋ ฅ ์œ ์ง€ ๋ฐ ์žฌ์ƒ

์‚ฐ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถˆํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ ๋ น ๋†๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณต์ง€ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ

์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•œํŽธ, ๋†์—…์˜ ์ˆ˜์ถœ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด๊ณผ

๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—

์„œ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” (โ…ฐ) FTA๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ „๋žต ํ’ˆ๋ชฉ

์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ถœํ™•๋Œ€, (โ…ฑ) ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํ•ด์™ธ ์œ ํ†ต๋ง ํ™œ์šฉ, (โ…ฒ) ๋†

์‹ํ’ˆ ์ˆ˜์ถœ๊ฐœ์ฒ™ํ˜‘์˜ํšŒ(aT, KOTRA ๋“ฑ) ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ตญ๋™ํฌ์˜ ํ•ด์™ธ๋„คํŠธ

์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‹œ์žฅ์ •๋ณด ํ™๋ณด, ํ˜„์žฅ์• ๋กœ ํ•ด์†Œ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ

๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, (โ…ฐ)๋ฒˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊น€์น˜์˜ ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตญ ์ˆ˜์ถœ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด

์œ ํ†ต๊ธฐํ•œ ์—ฐ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ(๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ถ€ ํ˜‘์—…)ํ•œ๋‹ค๋“ ์ง€, ํ†ต๊ด€๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„

๋‹จ์ถ•(์‹์•ฝ์ฒ˜, ๊ด€์„ธ์ฒญ ํ˜‘์—…)ํ•œ๋‹ค๋“ ์ง€, ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜ ์ธํ”„๋ผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ถฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š”

๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ•œ๋ฅ˜๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ…, K-FOOD Fair, ํ•œ์‹์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”

์—ฐ๊ณ„ ํ™๋ณด ๋“ฑ์ด ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. (โ…ฑ)๋ฒˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ค‘

๊ตญ์— ์ง„์ถœํ•œ ๋กฏ๋ฐ๋งˆํŠธ, CJ ํ™ˆ์‡ผํ•‘ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ž…์  ์ถ”์ง„์ด ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€

๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” FTA์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ด€์„ธ์žฅ๋ฒฝ

์˜ ๋Œ€์‘์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์Šˆ์ด๋‹ค(Kim, Ban, & Han, 2015).

๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ทผ์›์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ถœ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ 

์ธ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ Porter(1990)์˜

๋‹ค์ด์•„๋ชฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ฐ ์š”์†Œ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์  ํ•ต์‹ฌ์„ฑ๊ณต์š”์ธ

(Key Success Factor)์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์—…๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ธฐ์ˆ , ์ธ๋ ฅ์–‘์„ฑ, ํŒ๋กœ๊ฐœ์ฒ™, ์‚ฐ์—… ์ฃผ์ฒด ๊ฐ„

์—ฐ๊ณ„, ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ ๊ทน์  ์ง€์› ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ๋†

์—… ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด๋‹ค.

Jin-Sup Jung, Kyungil Khoe / International Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business 9-3(2018) 31-43 35

Import amounts of agricultural product Export amounts of agricultural product

Source: Jee, Lee, Lee, & Yoo (2016).

<Figure 2> Import and export of agricultural products

Source: Kim (1999).

<Figure 3> Components of international competitiveness

ํ•œํŽธ, ๋†์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๊ฒฝ

์Ÿ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋น„๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์€ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ƒ

ํ’ˆ์ƒ์‚ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค(Kim, 1999)(<Figure 3>

์ฐธ์กฐ). ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์˜ ์ƒํ’ˆ์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์‹ผ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ์†Œ

๋น„์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์†Œ๋น„์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š”

๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์—๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋น„์™€ ์œ ํ†ต๋งˆ์ง„์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๋“ค์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ

์ถ”๋Š๋ƒ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์˜ ์ดˆ์ ์ด ๋ชจ์•„์ง„๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋น„๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ƒ์‚ฐ

์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฐ์—ฌ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ

์ •๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜์ถœ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ์œ ํ†ต๋งˆ์ง„์€ ์ˆ˜์ถœ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์ข…

์œ ํ†ต์ฃผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ถœ์‹œ์žฅ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์šด์˜์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ

์ •๋„์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์€ ์ƒํ’ˆ์˜ ๋ง›, ์ƒ‰๊น”, ์˜์–‘๊ฐ€,

์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ๋“ฑ ์ƒํ’ˆ์ž์ฒด์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ƒํ’ˆ์˜ ์‹ ์„ ๋„, ๊ทœ๊ฒฉํ™” ๋ฐ ํฌ์žฅ

์ƒํƒœ ๋“ฑ ์ˆ˜ํ™• ํ›„ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ „์ž๋Š” ์ƒ

์‚ฐ์—ฌ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ฐ ์˜๋†๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ์˜ํ•ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ›„์ž

๋Š” ์ €์žฅ๏ฝฅ์ˆ˜์†ก๏ฝฅํฌ์žฅ๏ฝฅ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰ํ™” ๋“ฑ ์œ ํ†ต์‹œ์„ค์˜ ํˆฌ์ž์ •๋„์™€ ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ

์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค(Kim & Lee, 2007). ์ˆ˜์ถœ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์•ˆ์ •์  ๊ฑฐ

๋ž˜์„ ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด์‹œ์žฅ ์—ฌ๊ฑด๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์•ˆ

์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ํ•ฉ

๋‹นํ•œ ๋†์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋ฐ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ฒด๊ณ„์™€ ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ™•๋ฆฝ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ, ๋†์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด์™ธ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ

๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ํ™๋ณด ๋ฐ ํŒ์ด‰ํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿ‰์‹ํ’ˆ์˜ ๋ฐ˜ํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฒ 

์ €ํ•œ ์‚ฌํ›„๊ด€๋ฆฌ(after service) ์ œ๋„์˜ ๋„์ž…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค(Kim,

1999). ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„ ๋ถ€

๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋†์—…์˜ ์ˆ˜์ถœ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ, ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ, ์ƒํ’ˆ

์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ, ์œ ํ†ต ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๏ฝฅ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Jin-Sup Jung, Kyungil Khoe / International Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business 9-3(2018) 31-4336

Showing the control systems in greenhouse Setting up a green house environment with a PC

<Figure 4> Control system and green house configuration of 'abdominous (Baebulttugi) farm'

3. ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ถ„์„: 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช… ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ 6์ฐจ

์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช… ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ™œ์šฉ

ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋†์—…์˜ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์— ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด

๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ๊ณผ ์ „๋žต์  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

3.1. ๋ฐฐ๋ถˆ๋š์ด ๋†์›(์ถฉ๋‚จ ๋ถ€์—ฌ๊ตฐ ๊ทœ์•”๋ฉด, ๋Œ€ํ‘œ: ์ตœ์ข…๊ธธ)

Ju(2016)๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ •๋ณดํ†ต์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ (ICT) ์œต๏ฝฅ๋ณตํ•ฉ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜

์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒœ(smart farm) ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ๋ถˆ๋š์ด ๋†์›์€

2015๋…„ 1๋งŒ 1,220ใŽก ๋น„๋‹ํ•˜์šฐ์Šค์—์„œ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฐฉ์šธํ† ๋งˆํ†  ์žฌ๋ฐฐ

๋กœ 3์–ต 8,000๋งŒ ์›์˜ ์ˆ˜์ž…์„ ์˜ฌ๋ ธ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” 2014๋…„ 3์–ต

2,000๋งŒ ์›๋ณด๋‹ค 18.8% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์น˜์ด๋‹ค. ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋Š” 2014๋…„ ์ •

๋ถ€์˜ ์ •๋ณดํ†ต์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ (ICT) ์œต๏ฝฅ๋ณตํ•ฉ ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ์—… ์ง€์›์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋น„

๋‹ํ•˜์šฐ์Šค๋ฅผ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒœ์œผ๋กœ ์—…๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋น„๋‹ํ•˜์šฐ์Šค์—

์ž๋™๊ฐœํ๊ธฐ์™€ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜จ๏ฝฅ์Šต๋„, ๋ฐ”๋žŒ, ํ† ์–‘, ์‚ฐ๋„ ๋“ฑ

์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ผ์„œ๋„ ์„ค์น˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ LTE ๋ฌด์„  ํ†ต์‹ ์„

์ด์šฉํ•ด ๋น„๋‹ํ•˜์šฐ์Šค ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ๊ฐ์ข… ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์— ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„

์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค(<Figure 4> ์ฐธ์กฐ).

์ด์ „์—๋Š” ํ† ๋งˆํ† ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ์™ธ์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์–ด๋ ค์› 

๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋ฉฐ์น ์”ฉ ๋†์žฅ์„ ๋น„์›Œ๋„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.

๋†์žฅ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋กœ ์ ๊ฒ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์‹œ๊ธ‰ํžˆ ์กฐ์น˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€

์›๊ฒฉ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋ฉด ์•„๋‚ด๊ฐ€

๋†์žฅ์—์„œ ์ฐ์–ด ๋ณด๋‚ด์ค€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์˜๋ฃŒ ์œ ํ†ต์—…์— ์ข…์‚ฌํ•˜๋˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๊ท€๋†ํ•ด ํ† ๋งˆํ†  ๋†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง“

๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ 1997๋…„์ด๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์นœ์ด ํŽธ์ฐฎ์œผ์…”์„œ ๋‚ด๋ ค์™”๋‹ค๊ฐ€

๊ตญ์ œํ†ตํ™”๊ธฐ๊ธˆ(IMF) ๊ธˆ์œต์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งž์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋ถ€์—ฌ์— ์ •์ฐฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒ˜

์Œ์—” ํž˜๋“ค์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ท€๋† 20๋…„์ฐจ์ธ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฐฐ๋ถˆ๋š์ด ๋†์›์€ ๊ท€๋†์ธ

์˜ ๋ฒค์น˜๋งˆํ‚น ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋‹ํ•˜์šฐ์Šค 18๋™ 1.78ใŠ ๊ทœ๋ชจ

์—์„œ ๋ฌด๋†์•ฝ ์ธ์ฆ ํ† ๋งˆํ† ์™€ ๋ฉœ๋ก ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฒฝ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , 3๋…„

๋„˜๊ฒŒ ์ถฉ์ฒญ๊ถŒ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ธ์ฒœ ์†ก๋„

์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋‹จ์ง€์— ์ง๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋กœ ๊ณ ์ •๋‚ฉํ’ˆํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ตœ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์˜๋†๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋…€์˜ค

๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๋‚จ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ž์„œ ์˜๋†๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ ‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ„์•ผ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ

๋ฐœ์ „์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ธ์ ์ž๋ณธ๊ณผ ๊ต์œก์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค(Chulanova,

2017). ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ์•„์˜จ ๊ฑด 2013๋…„์ด๋‹ค. ์ถฉ๋‚จ ๋งˆ์ด

์Šคํ„ฐ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ์˜๋†๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›๋˜ ์ค‘ ๋†๋ฆผ์ˆ˜์‚ฐ์‹

ํ’ˆ๊ต์œก๋ฌธํ™”์ •๋ณด์› ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋กœ โ€˜๋†์‹ํ’ˆ IT์œตํ•ฉ ํ† ๋งˆํ†  ํ‘œ์ค€๋ชจ๋ธ ํ™•

์‚ฐ์‚ฌ์—…(์Šค๋งˆํŠธํŒœ ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์‚ฌ์—…)โ€™์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ฒœ์—

์˜ฎ๊ฒจ ๋น„๋‹ํ•˜์šฐ์Šค 6๋™ 5,940ใŽก์— ICT์„ค๋น„๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•ด PC๋กœ ํŽธ๋ฆฌ

ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜จ์‹ค ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐ–์ท„๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๋ณ„

๋กœ ์˜จ๏ฝฅ์Šต๋„, ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„๋‹ํ•˜์šฐ์Šค ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ๊ฐœํ์™€ COโ‚‚, PH

๋“ฑ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ƒ์žฅํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํ†ต

๊ณ„ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  CCTV๋กœ ๋น„๋‹ํ•˜์šฐ์Šค ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ

๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์›๊ฒฉ ์ปจ์„คํŒ… ๋ฐ ์˜๋†์ผ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ

์ฒด๊ณ„์  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋๋‹ค.

โ€œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋ณ„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด ์ž‘๋ฌผ ์ƒ์œก ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ฉฐ

์น  ํ›„๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ ํ›„์— ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ๋„ ๊ณ„ํš์„

์„ธ์›Œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€ โ€œ์–ด๋–ค ํ•ด๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋”์›Œ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ํ† ๋งˆํ† 

๋†์žฅ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์œ„์ถ•๋˜๊ณค ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋†์žฅ์€ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒœ์ธ ๋•๋ถ„

์— ํฐ ํ”ผํ•ด ์—†์ด ๋„˜๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹คโ€๊ณ  ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋Š” ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์˜จ

๊ธฐ์˜จ์ด ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋ฉด ํ† ๋งˆํ†  ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฐฉํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š

๊ณ  ์ƒ์œก์„ ์ง€์—ฐ์‹œ์ผœ ๋•… ์† ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•ด ๋”์šด ํ•ด์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ

๋„˜๊ฒผ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ตœ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋Š” 2015๋…„์—๋„ 3,000์—ฌ๋งŒ ์›์„ ํˆฌ์žํ•ด ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ, ํ™˜๊ธฐ์‹œ

์„ค๊ณผ ICT ์„ค๋น„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฐ•ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” โ€œ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํ•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ICT๋กœ ํ•˜

๋ฉด์„œ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒœ์œผ๋กœ ํ† ๋งˆํ† ์™€ ๋ฉœ๋ก ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์ด ์ข‹์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์ˆ˜ํ™•๋Ÿ‰

์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„๊ฐ’, ์ธ๊ฑด๋น„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์€ ์ค„์–ด 2๋…„์ด๋ฉด ํˆฌ์ž

ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํšŒ์ˆ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.โ€๋ฉด์„œ โ€œ์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋†๊ฐ€๋„ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ™œ

์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.โ€๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์กฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

3.2. ํ’์ผ๋†์žฅ(์ฒœ์•ˆ์‹œ ์„œ๋ถ๊ตฌ ์„ฑํ™˜์, ๋Œ€ํ‘œ: ์ •์ฐฝ์šฉ)

Chungcheongnam-Do Agricultural Research & Extension

Service(2016)์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ •

๋ฐ€ ๋†์—…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ’์ผ๋†์žฅ์˜ ์ •๋Œ€ํ‘œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด,

๋†์žฅ์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒœ ์žฅ๋น„์˜ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ PC์™€ ์„œ๋ฒ„์—

๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ธฐ๋ก๏ฝฅ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ณ„, ์ฃผ๋ณ„, ์›”๋ณ„, ์˜จ๋„, ์Šต๋„, ๊ธ‰์ด,

๊ธ‰์ˆ˜ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ธ‰์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ, ๋ฐฑ์‹  ํ˜น์€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ์ง€ ๊ทธ ๋ถ„์„

๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ •๋ฐ€๋†์—…์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” โ€˜๋ฐฑ์‹  ์ ‘์ข…, ์†Œ๋…, ์ถœ

์ž… ๋ฐ ์ถœํ•˜ ์ •๋ณด ๋“ฑโ€™ ์ •๋ฐ€ํ•œ DB๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ•

์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค(<Figure 5> ์ฐธ์กฐ).

Jin-Sup Jung, Kyungil Khoe / International Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business 9-3(2018) 31-43 37

Smart farm using precision database(DB) Data-driven scientific breeding

<Figure 5> Scientific breeding of pigs through precision agriculture

๋†์—…๊ณผ ์ตœ์‹  ICT ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋งŒ๋‚˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ์ƒ์ƒ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜

์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋†์ดŒ์—์„œ ํ˜„์‹คํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ’์ผ๋†์žฅ์€ ์•ฝ 1๋งŒใŽก์— ์ด

๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ผ์ง€๋†์žฅ์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‹ค, ๋ˆ์‚ฌ ๋‚ด ์˜จ๋„๏ฝฅ์Šต๋„๏ฝฅํ™”์žฌ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ, ์‚ฌ

๋ฃŒ ์‹ ์„  ์ €์žฅ๊ณ , CCTV ๋“ฑ ๋ชจ๋“  ์šด์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์ด PC์™€ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ

์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ผ ์žˆ์–ด ์–ธ์ œ ์–ด๋””์„œ๋“  ๋†์žฅ์„ ์ฒดํฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ

๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ผ์ง€ 2,000๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์œก๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ˆ์‚ฌ์˜

์˜จ๋„, ์Šต๋„, ์ •์ „ ๋ฐ ํ™”์žฌ ๊ฐ์ง€ ๋“ฑ์„ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ํ•˜

๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก , ๊ฐ์ง€๏ฝฅ๊ฒฝ๋ณด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ ์ž”๋Ÿ‰ ํ™•์ธ

๊ณผ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ ๋‚ ์งœ๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์˜ˆ

์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ ๋†์žฅ ์•ˆํŒŽ์˜ CCTV๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ˆ์‚ฌ์— ์ง์ ‘

๊ฐ€๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ๋„ ๋ˆ์‚ฌ ๋‚ด๏ฝฅ์™ธ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ชจ๋ˆ๊ณผ

์ƒˆ๋ผ ๋ผ์ง€๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ์‚ฌ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—๋Š”

๋น„์œก๋ˆ์˜ ์ถœํ•˜ ์„ ๋ณ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์„ค์น˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด ์ฒด์ค‘์ด 100โˆผ115ใŽ์—

์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ๋น„์œก๋ˆ์„ ์„ ๋ณ„ํ•ด ์ ์ • ์ฒด์ค‘์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋น„์œก๋ˆ์€ ์ถœํ•˜ ๋Œ€

๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ, ์ฒด์ค‘ ๋ฏธ๋‹ฌ๋ˆ์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ˆ์‚ฌ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋„๋ก ์ธ๋„

ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ •๋ฐ€๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋ผ์ง€ ๋†๊ฐ€์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”

MSY(์–ด๋ฏธ ๋ผ์ง€ ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋‹น ์ถœํ•˜ ๋ผ์ง€ ์ˆ˜)๊ฐ€ 18๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ 1๋…„

๋งŒ์— 21๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋†’์•„์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์–‘๋ˆ๋†๊ฐ€ ํ‰๊ท ์น˜(16.6๋งˆ

๋ฆฌ)๋ณด๋‹ค 27% ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ƒ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰ ์ถœํ˜„์œจ์ด 7.5% ์ƒ์Šน

ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 8.8% ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ์š”๊ตฌ์œจ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์™ธ์— ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ

ํŒœ์€ ์ตœ์ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ž๋™ํ™” ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ ˆ์•ฝ๊ณผ ์›๊ฒฉ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€

๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์˜์ฃผ์˜ ํ™œ๋™์ด ์ž์œ ๋กญ๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์ ๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ถฉ์ฒญ๋‚จ๋„ ๋†์—…๊ธฐ์ˆ ์› ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋Š” โ€œ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํŒœ์€ ๋†์—…์— ์ตœ์‹ 

ICT ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ ‘๋ชฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ FTA์‹œ๋Œ€ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋†์—…์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐํšŒ

๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒโ€์ด๋ผ๋ฉฐ โ€œ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋„๋‚ด ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํŒœ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋†์—…

์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ ์ฐฝ์ถœ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค.โ€๋ผ

๊ณ  ๊ฐ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์กŒ๋‹ค.

4. ์‹ค์ฆ ๋ถ„์„

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋˜๋Š”

์‹ค์ œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ(Survey) ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์„ค

๋ฌธ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์„ ๊ตฌ๊ธ€๋…์Šค(Google Docs)๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด๋‚˜

SNS๋กœ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์†กํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” ์‘๋‹ต ํŽธ์˜

์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‘๋‹ต์ž ์ž…๋ ฅ

ํ›„ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์‘๋‹ต ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ์กด ์กฐ์‚ฌ์— ๋น„ํ•ด

์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ 1~2๊ฐœ์›”๋กœ ๋‹จ์ถ•ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ธธ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด ์‘๋‹ต ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํŽธ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ

๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๋†์—…์˜ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „

๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ 30๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ AHP(analytic

hierarchy process) ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด์–ด์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ 130๋ช…

์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…๊ณผ ๋†์—…์˜ ์ˆ˜์ถœ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด

์„œ๋„ ๋”ฐ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐ์‚ฌ(survey)ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์˜

๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ „๋ฌธ์ง€์‹์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ AHP

๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋™ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ๋‹ค๊ธฐ์ค€ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์ค‘์š”๋„

์™€ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค๋ฌด์  ํ™œ์šฉ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ

์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์–ด๋„ ์‘๋‹ต์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค

๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ

๋ž˜ํ”„๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ๋ถ„์„์— ์•ž์„œ ๋ฌธํ—Œ ๋ฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ 

์˜ค๋ฅ˜ ๋“ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ์ „์— ์ ์ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, AHP์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์— ์•ž์„œ ๊ด€๋ จ

๋ฌธํ—Œ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋น„

์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ์ง€์ˆ˜(inconsistency index) ๋“ฑ ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณค๋‹ค.

4.1. ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ถ„์„

4.1.1. AHP ๋ถ„์„

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” AHP ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ,

์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด 2016๋…„ 11์›” ~ 2017๋…„ 1์›”๊นŒ์ง€ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™” ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€

30๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋ณ„ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์„ค๋ฌธ๊ตฌ

์กฐ๋Š” Porter(1990)์˜ ๋‹ค์ด์•„๋ชฌ๋“œ ์ „๋žต ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ, 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ

์—…ํ™”์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์š”์ธ์„ ์š”์†Œ์กฐ๊ฑด, ์ˆ˜์š”์กฐ๊ฑด, ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฐ ์ง€์›๋ถ„์•ผ

(์ธํ”„๋ผ), ๊ฒฝ์˜์—ฌ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ AHP ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ 1๋‹จ

๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ด๋ฉฐ, 2๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์„ ๋”์šฑ ์„ธ๋ถ„ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ

๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(<Table 2> ์ฐธ์กฐ).

Jin-Sup Jung, Kyungil Khoe / International Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business 9-3(2018) 31-4338

<Table 2> The high evaluation criteria and the low evaluation criteria for evaluating the activation factors of the 6th industry

1st-level criteria 2nd-level criteria Contents

Factor conditions

Human resources Activation of 6th Industrialization using human resources

Capital Capital necessary for the 6th Industrialization of agriculture

TechnologyTechnology necessary for the activation of the 6th Industrialization of agriculture(e.g.

food processing technology)

Manpower (Leader training)Enhancement of leadership capacity and related education for promotion of 6th

Industrialization

Demand

conditions

Pioneering domestic market Expansion of domestic market by various routes

Pioneering global market Expansion of overseas markets using export, etc.

Upgrading of business model

(to the 6th Industrialization)

Upgrading business models from primary industry to secondary or tertiary industry such

as food processing(secondary industry), distribution and tourism(tertiary industry)

Related &

supporting fields

Customized consulting Providing customized consulting for individual farmers for 6th Industrialization

Improvement of institution

& deregulationImprovement of institution or related regulations for 6th Industrialization

Operating intermediate

organization (e.g. National

Agricultural Cooperative

Federation)

Activation of 6th Industrialization through intermediary organization such as

Nonghyup(National Agricultural Cooperative Federation)

- Enhancement of convenience in production, distribution and distribution

- Composition of coalitions for the 6th Industrialization of agriculture

Linkage of inter-industry Linking among industries(such as primary, secondary, and tertiary industry)

Business context

Government's strategy for

the 6th IndustrializationThe government's strong strategic willingness to foster 6th industrialization

Organization system

(or structure) of 6th

Industrialization

Building appropriate structural organization system(or structure) for activation of 6th

Industrialization

Recognition of 6th

Industrialization

Understanding the 6th Industrialization and recognizing the importance of activating the

6th Industrialization

Inconsistency=0.06

<Figure 6> Relative importance between competitive advantage attributes (1st-level criteria evaluation)

AHP ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™” ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ โ€˜1๋‹จ๊ณ„(์ƒ์œ„ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ธฐ

์ค€)โ€™์—์„œ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ์ค‘์š”๋„๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์š”์กฐ๊ฑด(0.377)์˜

๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฐ ์ง€์›๋ถ„์•ผ

(0.230), ์š”์†Œ์กฐ๊ฑด(0.205), ๊ฒฝ์˜์—ฌ๊ฑด(0.188) ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

์ฆ‰, ๋†์—…์˜ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์žฅ(์ฆ‰, ํŒ๋กœ๊ฐœ

์ฒ™ ๋ฐ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ณ ๋„ํ™”)๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ โ€˜์ˆ˜์š”์กฐ๊ฑดโ€™์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘

์š”ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(<Figure 6> ์ฐธ์กฐ).

ํ•˜์œ„ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ค€(2nd-level criteria evaluation)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ

๋Š”, ๋จผ์ € ์š”์†Œ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•˜์œ„ 4๊ฐœ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์Œ๋Œ€๋น„๊ต ๊ฒฐ

๊ณผ, ์ž๊ธˆ(0.371)์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ 

(0.361), ์ธ๋ ฅ(0.167), ์ธ๋ฌธ์ž์›(0.101) ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ฒŒ

๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(<Figure 7> ์ฐธ์กฐ). ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ 6

์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™” ์š”์†Œ์กฐ๊ฑด ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์ž๊ธˆ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธ

์‹์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์š”์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋Š”, ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํŒ๋กœ๊ฐœ

์ฒ™(0.404)์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์˜

ํŒ๋กœ๊ฐœ์ฒ™ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ณ ๋„ํ™”๋‚˜ ํ•ด์™ธ ํŒ๋กœ๊ฐœ์ฒ™

๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์‹ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฐ ์ง€์› ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋Š”, ๋†ํ˜‘ ๋“ฑ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์กฐ์ง์˜ ์šด์˜(0.449)

์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ

๋ฐ ์ง€์›๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ 6์ฐจ

์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒํ˜ธ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ„์กฐ์ง์˜

์šด์˜์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ผ๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์˜์—ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ์Œ

๋Œ€๋น„๊ต ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ๋Š”, 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์˜ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…

ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์ง€๋„๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด

๋Š” 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜์—ฌ๊ฑด ์ค‘์—์„œ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ

๋“ฑ์„ ์ž˜ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด โ€˜์ •๋ถ€์˜ 6์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™” ์ „๋žตโ€™์ด๋‚˜ โ€˜6์ฐจ ์‚ฐ

์—… ์กฐ์ง์ฒด๊ณ„(๊ตฌ์กฐ)โ€™๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค.

Jin-Sup Jung, Kyungil Khoe / International Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business 9-3(2018) 31-43 39

Factor Conditions(0.205) Demand Conditions(0.377)

Inconsistency=0.01Inconsistency=0.049

Related & Support Fields(0.230) Business Context(0.188)

Inconsistency=0.05Inconsistency=0.00489

<Figure 7> Relative importance between competitive advantage attributes (2nd-level criteria evaluation)

<Figure 8> Overall ranking by the level of importance

๊ฐ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋ณ„๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋œ ์ƒ๏ฝฅํ•˜์œ„ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ์ „

์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ค‘์š”๋„ ๋ฐ ์ˆœ์œ„๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค(<Figure 8> ์ฐธ์กฐ). ๊ตญ๋‚ด

ํŒ๋กœ๊ฐœ์ฒ™์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ 1์œ„(0.152)๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , 2์œ„๋Š”

0.147๋กœ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ณ ๋„ํ™”(6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”)๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 3

์œ„๋Š” ๋†ํ˜‘ ๋“ฑ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์กฐ์ง์˜ ์šด์˜(0.103), 4์œ„๋Š” ํ•ด์™ธ ํŒ๋กœ๊ฐœ์ฒ™

(0.077)์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ž๊ธˆ(5์œ„: 0.076), ๊ธฐ์ˆ (6์œ„:

0.074), 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์ง€๋„, ์ •๋ถ€์˜ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ

์ „๋žต ๋“ฑ ์ˆœ์„œ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์—

์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์ˆ˜์š”์ธก๋ฉด ํŠนํžˆ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ํ•ด์™ธ์˜ ํŒ๋กœ๊ฐœ์ฒ™

๊ณผ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๋กœ์˜ ๊ณ ๋„ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ค‘๊ฐ„์กฐ์ง์˜ ๊ณ ๋„ํ™”์™€ ์ž

๊ธˆ, ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ „๋žต๋„ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•จ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

4.2.2. 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ถœ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ถ„์„

๊ธฐ๋ณธ์  ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” <Table 3>๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๊ณ , 130๋ช…์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ์„

๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 2018. 1. 15 ~ 2018. 1. 21 ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด 130๋ถ€์˜

์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฐ์ธก์น˜ ๋“ฑ ๋ถ€์ ๊ฒฉ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด

124๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Jin-Sup Jung, Kyungil Khoe / International Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business 9-3(2018) 31-4340

<Table 3> Survey items and measurement methods

Survey Items Measurement

1. The contribution of 'the 4th industrial revolution technology' to the 6th industrialization of agriculture 7 point scale

2. The contribution of 'the characteristics of the 4th industrial revolution(hyper-connectivity, hyper-intelligence,

hyper-predictability)' to the 6th industrialization of agriculture7 point scale

3. The ranking of importance among 'the 4th industrial revolution technology(IoT, Cloud, Big Data, Mobile, Block Chain,

A.I., Robot, etc.) in the 6th industrialization of agricultureRanking

4. The contribution to strengthen the export competitiveness of agriculture in 'the 6th industrialization by the 4th

industrial revolution technology.'7 point scale

5. In the question No. 4, which is the highest contribution sector among (1) price competitiveness, (2) quality

competitiveness, (3) product reliability & publicity(using brand image, etc.), (4) distribution, (5) others. 7 point scale

The contribution of the 4th industrial revolution technology to the 6th

industrialization of agriculture

The characteristics of the 4th industrial revolution

contribute to the 6th industrialization

<Figure 9> The level of contribution of the 4th industrial revolution technology to the 6th industrialization

<Figure 10> The contribution of 4th industrial revolution technology to the 6th industrialization using detailed technology

4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช… ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋†์—…์˜ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„๋Š”

๋งค์šฐ ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ด ๋น„์œจ์ด 86.99%(=

22.76 + 13.01 + 27.64 + 23.58)๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” 7์ 

์ฒ™๋„ ์ค‘ 6์ ์ธ โ€˜๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.โ€™๊ฐ€ 27.64%๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , 7์ ์ธ โ€˜๋งค

์šฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.โ€™๊ฐ€ 23.58%๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ณด๋‹ค ์„ธ๋ถ„๋œ 4

์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŠน์„ฑ(์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ, ์ดˆ์ง€๋Šฅ์„ฑ, ์ดˆ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ฑ)์˜

๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ชจ๋‘ 5.28~5.40์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์ด์ƒ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜

๊ธ์ •์  ์ธ์‹์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค(<Figure 9> ์ฐธ์กฐ).

๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, 1์ˆœ์œ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท, ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ, ๋น…

๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , 2์ˆœ์œ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ, ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ธํ„ฐ

๋„ท, ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ์˜ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 3์ˆœ์œ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ, ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ

์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท, ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ์˜ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ โ€˜์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ทโ€™์ด

์Šค๋งˆํŠธํŒœ ๋“ฑ ๋†์—…์˜ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ™œ์šฉ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ

๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ด์–ด์„œ โ€˜๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผโ€™๊ณผ โ€˜๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐโ€™๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ

์ˆ ๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(<Figure 10> ์ฐธ์กฐ).

Jin-Sup Jung, Kyungil Khoe / International Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business 9-3(2018) 31-43 41

Contribution of 4th industrial revolution technology to strengthen agricultural

export competitivenessSectors contributing to 6th industrialization

<Figure 11> Contribution to the export competitiveness of the 4th industrial revolution technology

๋†์—…์˜ ์ˆ˜์ถœ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธก์ •์—์„œ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์ด์ƒ์ด ์ด

85.36%(=17.07 + 24.39 + 26.83 + 17.07)๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ

์‹ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” '๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค(6์ )'๊ฐ€ 26.83%๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ

๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , '์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค(5์ )'๋„ 24.39%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€

์œผ๋ฉฐ, '๋งค์šฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค(7์ )'๋Š” 17.07%๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ๊ตฌ

์ฒด์  ๊ธฐ์—ฌ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” 'ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ'์ด 34.69%๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜

ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ์ด์–ด '๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ'๋„ 30.61%๋กœ ๋†’์€ ๋น„์œจ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ '์ƒํ’ˆ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ'๊ณผ '์œ ํ†ต'๋„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 17.35%์˜ ๋น„์œจ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.

์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋†์—…์˜ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์— ๊ธ์ •

์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜

ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(<Figure 11> ์ฐธ์กฐ).

5. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ 

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋†์—…์˜ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ , 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…

ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋†์‚ฐํ’ˆ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ถœ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก , ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ

์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋†์—…์˜ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์—

๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ถœ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด

์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ์˜์˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”

โ€˜๋†์—…์˜ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”โ€™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ, ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์  ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด

๋ฉฐ, ๋†์—…์˜ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๋ฅผ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ

์—…ํ˜๋ช… ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€

์ƒ์œผ๋กœ AHP ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ

์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋‹ค์ด์•„๋ชฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋”ฐ

๋ฅธ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, โ€˜์ˆ˜์š”์ธก๋ฉดโ€™์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ณด

๋‹ค ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํŒ๋กœ๊ฐœ์ฒ™, ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ณ ๋„ํ™”(6์ฐจ

์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๋กœ์˜ ๊ณ ๋„ํ™”), ๋†ํ˜‘ ๋“ฑ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์กฐ์ง์˜ ์šด์˜, ํ•ด์™ธ ํŒ๋กœ๊ฐœ์ฒ™

์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์‹๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋†์—…

์˜ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์™€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

์„ธ๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท, ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ, ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋“ฑ์ด ๋†์—…

์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ 7์  ๋งŒ์ ์— 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…

๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ํŠน์ง•์ธ ์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ์€ 5.40, ์ดˆ์ง€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ 5.37, ์ดˆ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ฑ์€

5.28๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜, ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.

ํ•œํŽธ, Lee et al.(2017)์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์œ ํ†ต ๋ฐ ์†Œ๋น„๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์œตํ•ฉ

ํ˜• ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์œ ํ†ต ๋ฐ ์†Œ๋น„๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, 1๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ

(Mobile)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋†์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์„ ํ™๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ด๊ณ , 2๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ํด๋ผ์šฐ

๋“œ(Cloud) ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์ •๋ณด์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„

์ด๋ฉฐ, 3๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํŠธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ํฌ์žฅ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ์—…๊ทธ๋ ˆ

์ด๋“œํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ด๊ณ , ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ 4๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ(AI)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜

์˜ ์•ˆ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช… ์‹œ๋Œ€์—

์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท, ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ, ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋“ฑ ์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๋กœ ๋†์—…์ธ๊ณผ

๋†์ดŒ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋†์—…์˜ ์—…๊ทธ

๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ’ˆ์งˆ, ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ, ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ด์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก , ๋†๋ฏผ์˜

์•ˆ์ „์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ณ ๋ น๋†์—…์ธ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜

๊ฒŒ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๋„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

๋‘˜์งธ, ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋งŽ์ด ํšŒ์ž๋˜๋Š” 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ดํ•ด

๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ณ , ํŠนํžˆ 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋†์—…์˜ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๋ฅผ

์ด‰์ง„์‹œ์ผœ ์‹ค์ œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ก 

๊ณผ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ์ ‘๋ชฉ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ

๋ก€๋Š” ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ

๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ „๋žต์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ

๊ณตํ•ด์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํŒœ(smart farm)์€ ํ† ๋งˆํ† , ๋ฒ„์„ฏ ๋“ฑ ๋†์ž‘

๋ฌผ์˜ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋ผ์ง€ ๋“ฑ ๊ฐ€์ถ•์‚ฌ์œก์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ํ’ˆ์งˆํ–ฅ์ƒ๊ณผ

์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ์— ํš๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฌด์  ๊ด€์ 

์—์„œ๋„ ํˆฌ์ž…์ž๋ณธ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„ ์ค‘์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ฑ

์ด ๋†’๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์‹๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋„ ์ „๋žต์  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ,

์žฌ๋ฌด์ง€์›์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์— ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—๋Š” ๋†์—…์˜ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋‹จ์ˆœ

ํ•˜๊ฒŒ 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,

<Figure 12>์˜ โ€˜๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋†์—…โ€™๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ „๊ฐœ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํฌ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ธ

๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ(Artificial intelligence)๊ณผ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํ…Œํฌ๋†€๋กœ์ง€(Biotechnology),

๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๋“ฑ์ด ์œตํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์ ์˜

ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ณผ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์ด ์ฐฝ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋†์—…์˜ 6์ฐจ

์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  โ€˜ํ˜์‹ โ€™์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ โ€˜๋†์—…์˜ ์ˆ˜์ถœ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ

๋ ฅโ€™๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์€ ๋น…

๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ํš๊ธฐ์  ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‚ฐ์—…์„ ๋น„๋กฏ

ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ

๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ž์‚ฐ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋กœ๋ด‡๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ

์šด ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์ฐฝ์ถœ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค(Jang, 2017). ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ตœ์ข… ์ƒ

Jin-Sup Jung, Kyungil Khoe / International Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business 9-3(2018) 31-4342

์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์—…๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด, ๊ฐ€๊ณต, ์œ ํ†ต ๋“ฑ ๊ฐ€์น˜์‚ฌ์Šฌ์˜ ์ตœ์ 

ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•œ ์ฐจ์› ๋†’์€ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ํƒ„์ƒ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋†์—…์€ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค์™€ ๊ณ ๋„ํ™”๋ฟ

์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ์ด๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ผ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ค๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, โ€˜์œตํ•ฉโ€™์„

ํ†ตํ•œ โ€˜ํ˜์‹ โ€™์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

<Figure 12> Model of future agriculture

์…‹์งธ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ, ๋†

์—…์˜ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ˆ˜์ถœ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ

์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ถœ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์˜ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก

์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ, ์ƒํ’ˆ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ

๋ฐ ํ™๋ณด, ์œ ํ†ต ๋“ฑ ๋น„๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„๋„

์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ(34.69%), ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ

(30.61%), ์ƒํ’ˆ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ(17.35%), ์œ ํ†ต(17.35%)์ด ๋†์‚ฐํ’ˆ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ถœ

๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์— ๋งค์šฐ ์ฃผํšจํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ 4

์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋œ๋‹ค.

ํ•œํŽธ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ •์ฑ…์ , ์‹ค๋ฌด์ , ํ•™๋ฌธ

์  ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ •์ฑ…์  ํ™œ์šฉ

๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์€ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋†์—…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ํ•ด

๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ์˜ ์ „๋žต์  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์„ค์ •์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜„์‹ค์  ์–ด

๋ ค์›€์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋†์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ข…ํ•ฉ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ํŠนํžˆ 4์ฐจ

์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์™€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ

์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

๋‘˜์งธ, ์‹ค๋ฌด์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋„ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋†๊ฐ€์—

์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ค์ œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€

์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜์ถœํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์ธ๋„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ• 

์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋†๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์˜์„ธ๋†์ด ๋งŽ๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋…„์ธต์ด

๋งŽ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๋†๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ „๋žต์„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ

์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๊ท€๋†๋ฏผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ Š์€ ์ฒญ๋…„๋†๋ถ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ž๋ณธ๋ ฅ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ

์—…๊ฐ€ ์ •์‹ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋†๋ฏผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป

๊ฒŒ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ถœ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ

๋น„์ „์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋†์—…์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ 

์œตํ•ฉํ˜• R&D ์ „๋žต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ ์šฉ์ด ์šฉ์ดํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ

๊ตดํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์œตํ•ฉ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜

์—ฌ, ๋†์—…์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋ฐ ๋†์‚ฐํ’ˆ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธํ™”๋‚˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œํ™”์— ๋„์›€์„

์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ๋†์—…์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค

(Lee et al., 2017).

์…‹์งธ, ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ

์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…๊ณผ 6์ฐจ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋Š” ์•„์ง ๊ทธ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ

๊ณ„์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๋†์‚ฐํ’ˆ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ถœ

๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ํ•™๋ฌธ์ 

์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜์˜ ๋ฐ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ

๋‚˜, ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํ–ฅํ›„ ํ›„์†์—ฐ๊ตฌ

์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์Šˆ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋งŒ ์ œ

์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”

ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ™œ์šฉ

ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํ•œ๊ตญ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ์ผ๋ณธ, ์ค‘๊ตญ ๋“ฑ

๊ณผ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์  ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋†์—…๊ณผ 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—

๋”์šฑ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

์˜๊ตญ์ด 1์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์ด ๋œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ฒซ์งธ,

์ƒ์ƒ ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ‰๋“ฑํ•œ ํ† ๋ก ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ๊ณ 

(Equality), ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฐํ•œ ๋„์ „๊ณผ ์‹œ๋„(Have

a go) ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค(Kwon, 2017). ์ด๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋“ฑ ๊ฐ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€

์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๋†์—…์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜

๋ช… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณ„๋‚˜ ํ•™๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก , ์ •๋ถ€ ์ •์ฑ…์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ์—ด๋ฆฐ

๋งˆ์ธ๋“œ(openness)์™€ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ „๋žต(strategy)์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ด๋‹ค.

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