2016

Fabrizio Scala

Department of Chemical, Materials and Process Engineering

University Federico II of Naples

Napoli (Italy)

The Status of Fluidized Bed

Technology in Italy

2016

IEA Scenario Energy Challenges

Low Carbon Technology

World energy-related CO2 emissions abatement in the 450 Scenario relative to the New Policies Scenario.

New Policies Scenario

450 Scenario

Toward

2016 Italy

2016 Italy

2016

2016

low territorial density, not homogenous geographical

distribution

seasonality, it’s necessary optimise the storage to have a

constant feed to the plant of energy conversion

choose of correct energy conversion technique adapted

to the territorial context

2016

Availability of bioenergy in Europe Mtoe/yr

Year Biomass type

2000 2010 2020

Forestry by products & (refined) wood fuels 34 38 42

Solid agricultural residues 25 28 31

Solid industrial residues 11 12 13

Solid energy crops* 16 16 16

Total 86 93 101

Bio-ethanol* 3.07 3.07 3.07

Bio-diesel* 1.02 1.02 1.02

Transport fuels 4.09 4.09 4.09

*: It is assumed that 50% of the set-aside area is available for solid energy crops and 25% each for liquid bio-

fuel (bio-ethanol and biodiesel) crops

2016

2016

2016

2016

2016

BIOMASS COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGIES

Fixed grate Moving grate

BFBC CFBC

2016

BIOMASS GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES

Fixed bed

Fluidized bed

2016

BIOMASS GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES

Typical selection criteria

2016

WHY GASIFICATION ?

2016

COMMERCIAL FLUIDIZED BED FACILITIES IN ITALY (> 1 MWe)

Owner/

Location Start-up

Type

(supplier) Capacity Fuel

AGSM

Verona 1992

BFBC

(Thyssen) 21.8 MWe RDF

Tossilo

Macomer 1994

FICFBC

(Ebara) 2 MWe RDF

Veolia

Pietrasanta 1999

BFBC

(Kvaerner) 5.7 MWe RDF

HERA

Ravenna 1999

BFBC

(EPI) 6.5 MWe RDF

Cartiere Burgo

Mantova 1999

BFBC

(EPI) 3.2 MWe Paper sludge

Scarlino Energia

Scarlino 1999

BFBC

(Ex-Dorr Oliver) 19.5 MWe RDF

Sicet

Ospitale di Cadore 1999

FICFBC

(AE Energietechnik) 20 MWe Wood, Bark

Lomellina Energia

Parona 1 2000

CFBC

(Foster Wheeler) 15 MWe RDF

Cartiere Burgo

Verzuolo 2001

BFBC

(EPI) 7 MWe

Paper sludge, wood

waste

A2A

Bergamo 2002

BFBC

(EPI) 11.5 MWe RDF

Marcegaglia

Cutro 2002

BFBC

(Fortum) 14 MWe Wood chips

Marcegaglia

Massafra 2003

BFBC

(EPI) 12.3 MWe RDF

Biomasse Italia

Strongoli 2003

CFBC

(SES Tlmače) 40 MWe Biomass

A2A

Corteolona 2003

BFBC

(Kvaerner) 8.7 MWe RDF

ENEL Produzione

Sulcis 2005

CFBC

(Alstom) 340 MWe Coal, biomass

Ecologia Oggi

Gioia Tauro 2005

BFBC

(Kvaerner) 17.2 MWe RDF

Lomellina Energia

Parona 2 2007

CFBC

(Foster Wheeler) 17 MWe RDF

IG

Enna 2013

BFBC

(EPI) 18.7 MWe Eucalyptus Wood Waste

Marcegaglia

Manfredonia 2015

BFBC

(Ansaldo) 14 MWe RDF

BFBC bubbling fluidized bed combustor CFBC circulating fluidized bed combustor FICFBC fast internally circulating fluidized bed combustor

2016

COMMERCIAL FLUIDIZED BED COMBUSTORS

ENEL SULCIS – 800 MWth circulating fluidized bed boiler

2016

COMMERCIAL FLUIDIZED BED COMBUSTORS

In the last five years (2011-15) only two new commercial fludized bed

combustors have started up in Italy.

•In 2013 a biomass-fired bubbling fludized bed combustor (using a

boiler design by EPI – now Outotec) with 18.7 MWe capacity was put

in operation in Enna (Sicily) by IG Operation and Maintenance S.p.A.

•In 2015 a RDF-fired bubbling fludized bed combustor (using a boiler

design by Ansaldo) with 14 MWe capacity was put in operation in

Manfredonia (Puglia) by Energie Tecnologie Ambiente (Marcegaglia

Energy Group).

Some other projects of commercial fluidized bed combustors are

currently under evaluation, but their real construction is still

uncertain because of the opposition by local people and

environmental organizations.

2016

INSTITUTION OR COMPANY OWNER MAIN ACTIVITY WEB SITE TYPE OF INTEREST IN FBC

CNR - Istituto di Ricerche sulla

Combustione

Ministry of

Education,

University and

Research

Research

institute

www.irc.cnr.it

- Fundamental and applied research

in fluidized bed combustion,

gasification and pyrolysis

Università Federico II di Napoli -

Dipartimento di Ingegneria

Chimica, dei materiali e della

Produzione Industriale

Ministry of

Education,

University and

Research

Public

University

www.dicmapi.unina.it - Fundamental and applied research

in fluidized bed combustion,

gasification and pyrolysis

- Fundamental research on SO2 and

CO2 sorbent particle behavior

Seconda Università di Napoli -

Dipartimento di Scienze e

Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche

e Farmaceutiche

Ministry of

Education,

University and

Research

Public

University

www.distabif.unina2.i

t

- Fundamental and applied research

in fluidized bed combustion,

gasification and pyrolysis of wastes

and biomasses

- Fluidized bed processing of plastics

for recycle

Università dell'Aquila -

Dipartimento di Ingegneria

Industriale e dell'Informazione e

di Economia

Ministry of

Education,

University and

Research

Public

University

www.univaq.it/sectio

n.php?id=220

- Fundamental research on fluid

dynamics and fluidized bed

gasification

Università di Salerno -

Dipartimento di Ingegneria

Industriale

Ministry of

Education,

University and

Research

Public

University

http://www.diin.unis

a.it/diin_en/index_en

- Fundamental research on fluidized

bed torrefaction , pyrolysis and

gasification of agri-food residues

Università di Teramo -

Facoltà di Bioscienze e Tecnologie

Agro-Alimentari e Ambientali

Ministry of

Education,

University and

Research

Public

University

www.unite.it/UniTE/E

ngine/RAServePG.php

/P/25671UTE0451

- Fundamental and applied research

on fluidized bed gasification of

biomass

ENEA - Trisaia Research Center Ministry of

Economic

Development

Research

institute

www.trisaia.enea.it

- Applied research on fluidized bed

gasification of biomass

ENEA – Casaccia Research Center Ministry of

Economic

Development

Research

institute

www.enea.it/it/centr

o-ricerche-casaccia

- Applied research on fluidized bed

gasification of coal with CO2 capture

RESEARCH CENTERS IN ITALY ON FBC/FBG

2016

Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale Scuola Politecnica e delle Scienze di Base Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II

Istituto di Ricerche sulla Combustione Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche

Multiphase Chemical Reaction Engineering Group

2016

Selected topics in

Thermochemical conversion of solid fuels and development of CCS technologies

UNINA: Piero Salatino, Fabrizio Scala, Fabio Montagnaro, Federica

Raganati, Maurizio Troiano, Claudio Tregambi

IRC: Riccardo Chirone, Osvalda Senneca, Roberto Solimene, Massimo Urciuolo, Giovanna Ruoppolo, Paola Ammendola, Antonio Coppola

2016

Thermochemical conversion of solid fuels

Fundamentals of solid fuel combustion/gasification

2016

Thermochemical conversion of solid fuels

2016

Cyclone

Solids discharge

Thermochemical conversion of solid fuels

Fluidized bed gasification

Thermal power < 0,04 MW

Air feed rate < 15 m3∙h-1

Steam feed rate < 2 kg∙h-1

Fuel feed rate < 5 kg∙h-1

Temperature < 950°C

2016

Hydrodynamics of multiphase systems

Laser diagnostics of multiphase flow in the freeboard

2016

Dynamics of multiphase systems

The 100kWth peak solar CSP

pilot plant

2016

Development of CCS-ready combustion technologies

Looping cycles for CCS-ready solid fuel combustion

CO2 capture by temperature swing adsorption in a sound-assisted fluidized beds

Activated Carbons

Metal Organic Framework

(HKUST-1)

Zeolites (13X, H-ZSM-5, Na-Y, NH4-Y)

Adsorbent Materials

2016

Thank you for your kind

attention!