the state of nebraska. early inhabitants of present-day nebraska
TRANSCRIPT
The State of Nebraska
Early inhabitants of present-day Nebraska
http://www.nebraskastudies.org/0300/frameset.html
• Stone Age (Paleo-Indian)• Tribes included:
– Missouri– Omaha– Oto– Ponca– Pawnee
• Pawnee - fought with other tribes, but friendly to white settlers
• Agricultural - with occasional seasonal hunting
• Western Nebraska tribes arrived later:– Arapaho– Cheyenne– Comanche– Brule Sioux– Oglala Sioux
• Hunters• Nomadic - followed
seasonal buffalo migration
• Lived in tipis
Early Nebraska Indians
Europeans Arrive
• Spanish - Coronado (1541 - claimed the territory - no settlements)
• French - de la Salle (1682 - claimed all rivers draining to the Mississippi)– Called it Louisiana
(Named after French King Louis XIV [14th]
• French 1714 - reached mouth of the Platte
European presence and settlement
• French - 1720 Villasur Massacre– Spanish soldiers came to remove the
French– Pawnees attacked and killed most of
the Spanish soldiers• 1739 - French named it the Platte River• 1763 - French gave up all claims west of
the Mississippi River• 1800 - Napoleon Bonaparte forced
Spanish to giver Louisiana back to France
United States Acquisition of Louisiana Territory
• 1803 - Napoleon sold Louisiana to the USA for $15 million
• 1804-1806 - Lewis and Clark expedition
• http://www.nebraskastudies.org/0400/frameset.html
Nebraska’s first European settlements
• 1819 - Fort Atkinson established (near modern day Fort Calhoun) - abandoned in 1827
• First permanent white settlement - Bellevue in 1823 - Peter Sarpy
• 1820 - Stephen Long expedition - labeled Nebraska a “Great Desert” - not fit for farming
Early Christian Missionaries in Nebraska
• Rev. Moses and Eliza Merrill - Baptist missionaries to Indians around Bellevue (1833)
• Rev. Samuel Allis and Rev. John Dunbar - Presbyterian missionaries to the Pawnee - 1834-1846
• Father DeSmet - Catholic Priest - 1835
Migration to and through Nebraska
• Oregon Trail• Mormon Trail• Denver trail (steam
wagon road)• Pony Express (1860-61)• Fort Kearny• Steamboat trading along
the Missouri River• 1854 - Nebraska made
an official US territory - open to settlement
Settlement of Nebraska: The Railroads• Railroad Acts - RRs sold
land to settlers– Advertised and recruited in
Europe– Union Pacific– Burlington & Missouri
• Transcontinental RR through Nebraska
Treaties with Indian nations
• Treaties limited the power and range of Native Americans.• Settlers hunger for land and US government law encouraged
white settlement
Nebraska as a territory: 1854-1867
• Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) made Nebraska a formal territory
• Territorial capital in Omaha– Legislature– Governor– Courts
The Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854
Kansas and Nebraska, 1854
From Territory to State• Capital located in:
– 1. Omaha (territory)– 2. Lincoln (state)– Fight between North of
the Platte and South of the Platte River
• “When Nebraska became a state, a bitter dispute arose over the location of the new capital. Would it remain north of the Platte River in Omaha? Or would it be moved south of the river to a new town? A majority of legislators finally decided that the capital would be moved to newly founded Lincoln. Very few people lived in the area, and many people complained about the new location. A capitol building needed to be build before the first regular session of the state legislature. If the fist state capital had not been completed by January 1, 1869, the plan to make Lincoln the new capital might have failed.”
The Sower
Lincoln in the 1870s
Nebraska Statehood
• Became a state on March 1, 1867 (37th state)
• Capital in Lancaster (present day Lincoln)
• David Butler first governor
• University of Nebraska established in 1869
• Arbor Day - 1872 Started by J. Sterling Morton