The Start The Start of the Civil of the Civil

WarWar

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

• Confederate Confederate officials began officials began seizing federal-mint seizing federal-mint branches, arsenals, branches, arsenals, and military posts. and military posts.

• Fort Fort SumterSumter was a was a Federal outpost in Federal outpost in Charleston, SC. Charleston, SC.

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

• Confederate forces asked for Confederate forces asked for its surrender. its surrender.

• Lincoln refused and sent ships Lincoln refused and sent ships with supplies. with supplies.

• Confederate cannons began Confederate cannons began firing on April 12, 1861.  firing on April 12, 1861. 

• FortFort SumterSumter fell 34 hours later. fell 34 hours later. • The Civil War began. The Civil War began.

Rating the North & Rating the North & SouthSouth

Rating the North & Rating the North & SouthSouth

Slave/Free States Slave/Free States Population, 1861Population, 1861Slave/Free States Slave/Free States Population, 1861Population, 1861

Railroad Lines, Railroad Lines, 18601860

Railroad Lines, Railroad Lines, 18601860

Resources:Resources: North & North & SouthSouth

Resources:Resources: North & North & SouthSouth

Men Present for Duty Men Present for Duty in the Civil Warin the Civil War

Men Present for Duty Men Present for Duty in the Civil Warin the Civil War

The Union & Confederacy in The Union & Confederacy in 18611861

The Union & Confederacy in The Union & Confederacy in 18611861

Secession!: Post Fort Sumter

Secession!: Post Fort Sumter

Overview of Northern AdvantagesOverview of Northern Advantages• Larger populationLarger population

– North 22 millionNorth 22 million– South Only 9 millionSouth Only 9 million

• More shipsMore ships• Larger, more efficient railroad systemLarger, more efficient railroad system• Lincoln - Lincoln - Very intelligent and dedicatedVery intelligent and dedicated• More industry - More industry - 81% of nation’s factories81% of nation’s factories• Better banking system to raise $ for the warBetter banking system to raise $ for the war

– 75% of nation’s wealth75% of nation’s wealth

Overview of Northern AdvantagesOverview of Northern Advantages

• Wealth produced: Wealth produced: – Factory productionFactory production– Textile goods produced Textile goods produced – Iron production Iron production – Coal production Coal production – Farm acreage Farm acreage – Draft animals Draft animals – LivestockLivestock– Wheat production Wheat production – Corn productionCorn production

Overview of Northern Overview of Northern DisadvantagesDisadvantages

• Fought on Southern landsFought on Southern lands

• Divided support for the warDivided support for the war

• Many believed the South had good Many believed the South had good chance of winningchance of winning

Overview of Southern AdvantagesOverview of Southern Advantages• Fighting a defensive war

– Local support of all men– familiarity with terrain

• Motivation: seeking independence, unified support

• Short communication lines/ friendly population

• Experienced officer corps- (Lee, Jackson, Pickett)

• Cotton - necessary for textile factories of England and France

• Slave Labor in the early part of the war

Overview of Southern Overview of Southern DisadvantagesDisadvantages

• Smaller population

• Few factories to manufacture weapons and supplies

• Poor transportation system

• Weak federal government = not strong enough to control Southern states– Jefferson Davis did not

have complete power like Lincoln

OverviewOverviewNorth’sNorth’s

Civil WarCivil WarStrategy:Strategy:

““AnacondAnaconda”a”

PlanPlan

OverviewOverviewNorth’sNorth’s

Civil WarCivil WarStrategy:Strategy:

““AnacondAnaconda”a”

PlanPlanGoal:Goal: surround the surround the Confederacy and Confederacy and squeeze them into squeeze them into submissionsubmission

The Anaconda PlanThe Anaconda Plan

• Capture Richmond and force surrender Capture Richmond and force surrender • Expel Confederates from border states Expel Confederates from border states • Control of the Mississippi River to Stop Control of the Mississippi River to Stop

the transport of:the transport of:– soldierssoldiers– WeaponsWeapons– AmmunitionAmmunition– ClothesClothes– FoodFood– other supplies neededother supplies needed

• Blockade southern ports to stopBlockade southern ports to stop– cotton shipmentscotton shipments– supplies from foreign nationssupplies from foreign nations

Southern StrategySouthern Strategy• Goal: to be recognized as an Goal: to be recognized as an

independent nation in order to independent nation in order to preserve their way of lifepreserve their way of life

• Defend its homeland, holding onto Defend its homeland, holding onto as much territory as possible until as much territory as possible until the North got tired of fightingthe North got tired of fighting

• Capture Washington, D.C.Capture Washington, D.C.

• Control border states Control border states

• Gain England's supportGain England's support

• Expel Union troops from SouthExpel Union troops from South