BOOK REVIEWS 83

rocks, dynamothermal metamorphism and melting and mineralization.

This book is a compilation of 19 papers on manifold aspects of the faulting. Three introductory papers describe the basic characteristics and tectonic evolution of the fault system and its geodynamic setting in the north-west Circum-Pacific. Nine papers describe in detail the Tan-Lu fault zone: specifically, its structural history, horizontal displacement calculations, timing of displace- ment and related migration of Late Mesozoic volcanism, ductile shearing in basement rocks, blueschists and high pressure metamorphism, late Mesozoic palaeomagne- tism and lithospheric structure and geophysical field. Five papers describe the features of five other major fault zones in the system, their deformational histories and the formation of a pull-apart basin. Finally, two papers deal with faults in related regions: the Honam fault and the Jurassic geodynamics in Korea and the wrench faults of Sikhote-Alin in Russia. Three appendices provide a geographical index map, a geological time-chart showing orogenic cycles in eastern China and tables of representa- tive stratigraphic sequences in eastern China. There are geographical and subject indexes.

The subjects chosen for this book provide a well docu-

mented and complementary data bank on the Tan-Lu fault system and zones, which has fundamental impli- cations for the geodynamics of the Pacific continental margin. This faulting on the Asian margin was far more extensive than the San Andreas faulting on the American margin. The papers are all by Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Russian geologists, who are to be congratulated on their presentation of so much high quality data and on the up to date nature of their concepts. This book will be very useful for all specialists in faulting, for tecto- nicians interested in the geodynamic development of the Pacific continental margin through Mesozoic-Cenozoic time and for the increasing number of Sino-scientists involved with the geology of eastern China. I have learnt a lot from this book, and recommend it to many others.

The editor and John Wiley have done an excellent job because the quality of layout and design are very high. The text is written in good English throughout, and all the diagrams, maps and charts have been specifi- cally drawn for this book. This is a useful, multidisciplin- ary book for all libraries.

BRIAN WINDLEY

THE STABILITY O F MINERALS, Mineralogical Society Series No. 3, edited by G. D. Price and N. L. Ross, Chapman & Hall, London, No. of pages: 368. Price: f75.00 (hardback).

This collection of papers by both mineralogists and geologists is intended as a display of current research topics in mineral stability more than a comprehensive introduction to the subject, and it contains much of inter- est and relevance to both groups of scientists. The editors express the hope that the book can be used by ‘. . . anyone with a moderate background in mineralogy, chemistry or crystallography . . .’. This is arguable: I was conscious, from the more geological viewpoint, of how quickly several authors slipped into rather inaccessible jargon. In one way, then, the book highlights the different per- spectives of mineralogists and geologists: the former interested in very rigorous models of crystal properties (to some extent as aims in themselves); the latter more anxious to apply all available mineral data to the deduc- tion of rock histories.

There are nine chapters, of which I would say two are easily accessible to geologists (those by Engi on thermodynamic databases and by Velde on clay miner- als). The book opens with an introductory chapter by the editors, Ross and Price. Key themes they introduce include the ub initio prediction of crystal stability from details of crystal structure and bond strengths, the analo- gous macroscopic approach using thermodynamic para- meters (ultimately determined by experimental measurement) and the role of kinetics. The first theme is explored in some depth in the next chapter by Haw- thorne, who shows how bond topology and bond energy conspire to determine structural stability in crystalline

materials. Burdett’s material overlaps with this; he dis- cusses, among other issues, inadequacies of the ionic/ covalent ‘view’ of minerals. A familiarity with quantum mechanics would help here. Ross then discusses the pre- diction of macroscopic thermodynamic properties from models of crystal lattice dynamics. She shows how suffi- cient knowledge of interatomic potentials in a lattice allows macroscopic properties to be deduced, and thus relative mineral stabilities can be determined using stan- dard thermodynamics. It is here that the territory begins to feel more familiar to me. Properties such as specific heat capacity are the ‘nuts and bolts’ of thermodynamic calculations: they may be determined theoretically, as discussed here, or experimentally, as enlarged upon later by Engi, but the data, however derived, are used in the same way.

The effect of ordering on mineral stability is empha- sized by Carpenter in Chapter 5. This is a good introduc- tion to the significance of order, the thermodynamic background to temperature-induced ordeddisorder tran- sitions and related topics. The key role of the order para- meter Q would perhaps have been aided by a little more discussion as to what Q actually means physically. Order/ disorder transitions are closely linked to the creation of ‘modular structures’: those in which a periodic distor- tion, on a wavelength larger than that of the undistorted unit cell, becomes stable and destroys the lattice’s transla- tional symmetry. McConnell discusses such structures and gives examples of common minerals which may ex- hibit them, with consequences that are not yet fully explored. We then move to more ‘macroscopic’ treat- ments of stability: Sack gives a detailed discussion of thermodynamic modelling in the tetrahedrite-tennantite series of minerals, in essence an attempt to construct

84 BOOK REVIEWS

an activity model for these complex solid solutions. My favourite chapter is that by Engi, which concerns

thermodynamic databases and how they are constructed. This is a timely and well written review, particularly as ‘friendly rival’ databases are currently available. It is also a fine example of the use of the English language - not always apparent in scientific literature -- and is col- oured by wry humour. The final chapter by Velde is less satisfactory. He discusses the stability of clays, but not in a depth comparable with that of other chapters. More- over, his claim that ‘. . . in metamorphic reactions at high

MANUAL OF MINERALOGY (AFTER JAMES D. DANA), 21st edn, by C. Klein and C. S. Hurlbut Jr, Wiley, New York, 1993. No. of pages: 681. Price: 222.95 (soft covers). ISBN 0 4715 3560 5

Many readers will be more familiar with previous edi- tions of the ‘Munuul ofMineru1og.v’ than I am. The only copy I possess is rather dated, being an 1851 edition of Dana’s work. I must admit that when I came to review the new 21st edition 1 was ignorant of the earlier efforts of Hurlbut or Klein. Having been introduced to it for the purpose of review, however, 1 quickly formed a favourable impression of an attractive and informative textbook, and began to understand the reasons for its popularity in many general mineralogy courses. The new edition has enlarged Chapter 4 of the 20th edition, and added new chapters on crystal chemistry and phase dia- grams. The text has been generally updated and new diagrams and figures (including a much more attractive cover) have been incorporated.

As 1 attempted to appraise this latest edition of a vener- able work in greater depth, I instinctively started to make comparisons with those textbooks I used as an under- graduate and use now in my own courses. The closest to Munuul OJ‘Minrrulogy in style is Battey’s Minerulogy

,/k)r Studenfs. Both can be split into two distinct parts, the first dealing with crystallography and mineral science, the second devoted to a systematic description o f those minerals most likely to be met in a course of study. In my view, Klein and Hurlbut manage a much better job of both parts. Their discussion is much deeper, better organized and better presented. The 21st edition has thankfully done away with some of the archaic anachro- nisms that should no longer have a place in modern mineralogy, such as the description of the blowpipe test. Nonetheless, there is plenty more to pare away in future editions, and the authors tend to err on providing too much information rather than too little. There remain too many extraneous lists of outmoded classification schemes - for example, the lists of names of forms in Chapter 2 . I am sure that few mineralogists refer to forms in crystals by their names, but instead rely quite happily on Miller indices. Without advice to ignore some sections, the student might well feel overcome by the

temperature ( > 30OoC), the problems of the amount of conversion, relations of time and temperature. have been observed to be unimportant’ is demonstrably wrong and shows a certain narrowness of vision. So, in summary, the individual chapters of this book are very varied in their subject matter, depth of treatment and assumed background. The price means that it is only likely to be found in libraries, where it will form a useful reference to diverse aspects of the study of mineral stability.

J O H N WHEELER

welter of nomenclature and information, which lends the authors’ treatment of crystallography a slightly dull and dusty air.

The preoccupation with forms seems to arise from a morphological approach to crystallography which per- vades the early chapters on the subject. Thus Miller indices themselves are introduced in terms of external faces rather than in terms of the internal crystal lattice. There are certainly better texts to teach this aspect of crystallography from than this, which still remains some of the feel of the 1851 edition, almost as if atoms had not been discovered. Although the discussion of point group symmetry is soured by its rather outdated flavour, that of translational symmetry and space groups must be commended. Space groups are often ignored in intro- ductory mineralogy, but the discussion in Klein and Hurlbut is lucid and unconfused, providing a better introduction to the subject than any other I’ve come across. The diagrams are clear and well thought out, as they are throughout the book.

The remainder of the first part of the book is devoted to aspects of mineral chemistry. In comparison with Put- nis’s recent book, Introducrion l o MincvwI Siimcr.s, the content of Munuul qf Mincrulogy is more traditional, concentrating on chemical aspects of mineralogy rather than the more physical and process-oriented materials science approach of Putnis. As such, Munuul qf’Minerci- logy does not take the reader as close to the leading edge of mineralogy, but contents itself to stay within the common remit of more general introductory under- graduate mineralogy courses.

The second part of the book is intended as a reference, providing a treatment of systematic mineralogy. The crystal structure diagrams are exceptionally good, pro- viding clear descriptions of the major mineral structure types encountered. Stability relations and microstruc- tures are discussed, and on the whole these chapters com- prise a clear and useful reference for the mineralogy student. It could not claim to challenge the more encyclo- paedic approach of Deer, Howie and Zussman’s recent second edition of An Inlroduction IO rhe RockT/brming Mineruls, but (as i t is combined with the first half of the book) Klein and Hurlbut’s systematic mineralogy serves a different purpose. Associated with the reference